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Kaplan HS, Horvath PM, Rahman MM, Dulac C. The neurobiology of parenting and infant-evoked aggression. Physiol Rev 2025; 105:315-381. [PMID: 39146250 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Parenting behavior comprises a variety of adult-infant and adult-adult interactions across multiple timescales. The state transition from nonparent to parent requires an extensive reorganization of individual priorities and physiology and is facilitated by combinatorial hormone action on specific cell types that are integrated throughout interconnected and brainwide neuronal circuits. In this review, we take a comprehensive approach to integrate historical and current literature on each of these topics across multiple species, with a focus on rodents. New and emerging molecular, circuit-based, and computational technologies have recently been used to address outstanding gaps in our current framework of knowledge on infant-directed behavior. This work is raising fundamental questions about the interplay between instinctive and learned components of parenting and the mutual regulation of affiliative versus agonistic infant-directed behaviors in health and disease. Whenever possible, we point to how these technologies have helped gain novel insights and opened new avenues of research into the neurobiology of parenting. We hope this review will serve as an introduction for those new to the field, a comprehensive resource for those already studying parenting, and a guidepost for designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris S Kaplan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patricia M Horvath
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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He Q, Hu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Liu L. Depression Severity Mediates the Relationships Between Parenting Styles, Peer-Victimization and Mobile Phone Dependence in Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:4281-4290. [PMID: 39703810 PMCID: PMC11656327 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s489357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Negative parenting styles, peer victimization, and mobile phone dependence (MPD) are prevalent public health problems among adolescents. Parenting styles and peer victimization were reported to affect MPD, but their interaction and the mechanism underlying this association still need to be explored. This study aimed to examine how these factors affect MPD in adolescents with depression. Methods Data was collected from 2324 participants diagnosed with depression aged 12-18 years in 11 provinces in China in the cross-sectional study. The scales of Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Multidimensional Peer Victimization were adopted to measure the smartphone dependence, the severity of depressive symptoms, parenting styles, and multiple facets of peer victimization, respectively, for all adolescents. Hierarchical regressions were used to explore the main effect and interaction of parenting styles and peer-victimization on depression and MPD. A structural equation model was constructed to examine the direct and indirect effects of parenting styles and peer-victimization on MPD and the role of depression severity. Results After controlling for gender, age, education, parental education, the study found that parental overprotection and peer victimization significantly predict higher levels of depression and higher risk of MPD. Parental care significantly predicts lower levels of depression. Higher levels of depression were associated with a higher risk of MPD. Further, depression partially mediated the relationship between parental overprotection, peer victimization, and MPD, and fully mediated the relationship between parental care and MPD. These results showed the pathway how parenting styles and peer victimization affect MPD directly and indirectly. Conclusion Adolescents who experienced negative parenting styles and peer victimization were prone to develop serious depression, then leading to MPD, providing possible intervention directions by changing parenting styles and avoid peer victimization in depression adolescents with MPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian He
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunzhe Chen
- Brain Regulation and Mental Rehabilitation Laboratory, Shenzhen Mental Health Center/ Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Brain Regulation and Mental Rehabilitation Laboratory, Shenzhen Mental Health Center/ Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Silima M, Christofides N, Franchino-Olsen H, Woollett N, Wang J, Ho-Foster A, Maleke K, Meinck F. Co-occurring Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Parenting Among Women: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:4102-4116. [PMID: 39275939 PMCID: PMC11545214 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241268807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Little research exists on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-intimate partner violence (IPV)-mental health (MH) syndemic impact on parenting. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and summarize the available evidence regarding the syndemic relationship between HIV or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), IPV, and poor MH among mothers and caregivers who identify as women. We conducted the review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted from 2001 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria targeted studies examining at least two of the HIV, IPV, or MH epidemics among participants and their syndemic impact on parenting. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Covidence software was used to screen and extract data. Twenty-three studies were included in the analysis. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States. Furthermore, all the studies used quantitative research designs, with most being longitudinal. Most of the research was concentrated on the IPV-MH syndemic with no research found on the HIV-IPV syndemic impact on parenting. Research on the HIV-IPV-MH syndemic found that an HIV diagnosis exacerbated the negative impacts of IPV-MH on parenting. Research on IPV-MH showed that this syndemic significantly influences parenting, leading to less nurturing and more punitive behaviors. Studies did not find a direct association between IPV and harsh parenting practices, the relationship was mediated by poor MH. Studies examining the HIV-MH syndemic found that anxiety and maternal depression were the most frequent MH disorders. The review revealed that living with the different syndemics, (IPV-MH-HIV, HIV-MH, and IPV-MH) adversely affects parenting practices, resulting in harsher parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Silima
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nataly Woollett
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ari Ho-Foster
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Botswana, Botswana
| | - Kabelo Maleke
- The SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science (PRICELESS SA), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Franziska Meinck
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Edinburgh, UK
- North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Besley B, Davies SJ, Donnelly J. Effects of hospital treatment for congenital heart defects on mother-infant bonding, maternal stress, and parenting. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 80:83-90. [PMID: 39579722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with a Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) are now surviving longer with more medical treatment available. Many of these infants undergo hospitalisation for life-sustaining procedures in their first seven months. However, barriers to bonding and the psychological burden on parents while caring for an infant during this time can cause issues for the child-parent relationship. This study aimed to assess links among intensive care factors, maternal stress, the Mother-Infant Bond (MIB) and parenting in these mother-infant dyads. DESIGN AND METHODS A convenience sample of 148 mothers of CHD children was collected via the Heart Kids Facebook page. An anonymous Qualtrics survey of demographic, hospital experience, MIB, maternal stress and parenting variables was completed retrospectively by mothers of infants with CHD. FINDINGS The results indicated that MIB and maternal stress were positively and strongly correlated. Hospital experiences of breastfeeding, staff support required for handling the infant, and prolonged separation were associated with both maternal stress and poorer quality MIB. Maternal past experiences of being parented with care was negatively correlated with maternal stress and MIB difficulties. Time of diagnosis and current parenting style were unrelated to any other variable. Testing the effects of barriers to infant contact and the effect of cardiac surgery highlighted some challenges in assessing these features of care. CONCLUSION Results indicated that postpartum mothers living through the traumatic experience of supporting their infant while they received treatment for CHD need more individualised psychological and social support to promote positive psychological outcomes for the mother-infant dyad. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare providers should prioritise mental health support and create opportunities for mothers of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) to engage with their babies, even in intensive care settings, to reduce stress and improve mother-child bonding. Given that breastfeeding can unexpectedly increase maternal stress in these environments, flexible feeding alternatives and realistic guidance should be offered. Additionally, reflective parenting education programs should help mothers understand how their own upbringing influences their parenting approaches during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Besley
- Faculty of Psychology, Counselling, & Psychotherapy, Cairnmillar Institute, Australia
| | - Sasha J Davies
- Faculty of Psychology, Counselling, & Psychotherapy, Cairnmillar Institute, Australia.
| | - James Donnelly
- Faculty of Psychology, Counselling, & Psychotherapy, Cairnmillar Institute, Australia
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Wolf K, Tajchman Z, Vilares I. Relation between parenting style and confident decision-making in a student population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302495. [PMID: 39531443 PMCID: PMC11556737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parenting styles differ in their expression of care and (over)protection behaviors and are associated with markedly different outcomes in children. While research has examined the effects of parenting styles on global self-esteem and self-efficacy, little is known about how they might relate to decision-confidence (metacognitive bias) in a task. This study examined the possible relation between students' decision-confidence and the perceived parenting style of their primary caregiver. Participants (N = 246) played a trust game and rated their confidence in task choices. The perceived parenting style of their caregiver was determined using participants' responses to the Parental Bonding Instrument. Participants' decision-confidence was not significantly associated with their caregiver's parenting style. However, decision-confidence was positively related with self-efficacy to a small degree. Exploratory analyses indicated that participants with overprotective caregivers were more likely to report poor self-efficacy and self-esteem; increased depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms; childhood adversity; and anxious and avoidant attachment; while participants with caring caregivers showed the opposite pattern. Our results are a step towards understanding the potential effects of parenting on adult children's decision-confidence and contribute to growing evidence that perceived parental behaviors have strong associations with young adults' mental health, self-worth, and relationship attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Wolf
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Zuzanna Tajchman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Iris Vilares
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Zhang X, Yan E. The Impact of Maternal Childhood Trauma on Children's Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Maternal Depression and the Moderating Role of Mindful Parenting. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:3799-3811. [PMID: 39526221 PMCID: PMC11545710 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s485821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the impact of maternal childhood trauma on children's problem behaviors, focusing on the mediating role of maternal depression and the moderating role of mindful parenting. Methods The study used a convenience sampling method to survey 385 mother-child pairs from kindergartens in Jinan, China. Data were collected in two waves, and various validated questionnaires were used to assess maternal childhood trauma, depression, mindful parenting, and children's problem behaviors. Results Maternal childhood trauma positively predicted children's problem behaviors. Maternal depression was found to mediate this relationship. Mindful parenting moderated the effects of maternal childhood trauma and depression on children's problem behaviors, with high levels of mindful parenting mitigating these adverse effects. Conclusion Maternal childhood trauma impacts children's problem behaviors both directly and indirectly through maternal depression. Mindful parenting serves as a protective factor, reducing the negative impact of maternal childhood trauma and depression on children's problem behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing mindful parenting practices to improve child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- School of Education, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enqin Yan
- School of Education, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Kurbatfinski S, Dosani A, Dewey DM, Letourneau N. Proposed Physiological Mechanisms Underlying the Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Conditions: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1112. [PMID: 39334644 PMCID: PMC11430311 DOI: 10.3390/children11091112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., physical abuse) can impact lifelong mental health both directly and intergenerationally, with effects transmitted from the parent to the child. Several physiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain the impacts of ACEs on mental health. The purpose of this narrative review was to synthesize and critique the peer-reviewed literature on physiological mechanisms proposed to underlie the impacts of ACEs on mental health, specifically: (1) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, (2) inflammation, (3) genetic inheritance and differential susceptibility, (4) epigenetics, (5) brain structure and function, (6) oxidative stress, and (7) metabolic profiles. We searched Google Scholar using variations of the terms "adverse childhood experiences", "mechanisms", and "mental health" to locate relevant peer-reviewed literature. We also mined citations of the identified literature to find additional important sources. The role of inflammation in the etiology of mental health conditions among those exposed to ACEs appeared promising, followed by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, brain structure and function, genetics, epigenetics, metabolism, and lastly, oxidative stress. Replication studies that examine the associations among ACEs, genetic inheritance and differential susceptibility, epigenetics, oxidative stress, and metabolism are required to better define links with mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurbatfinski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (A.D.); (D.M.D.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aliyah Dosani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (A.D.); (D.M.D.)
- Faculty of Health, Community and Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Deborah M. Dewey
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (A.D.); (D.M.D.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (A.D.); (D.M.D.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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8
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Rankin L, Krouskop HG, Fisher ML. Mother-infant attachment from the perspective of young mothers: Does the data support a maternal instinct? Soc Sci Med 2024; 357:117172. [PMID: 39121564 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Some conceptualizations of attachment imply an instinctual behavior that occurs naturally. Mothers who endorse this view are at greater risk for psychological stress, depression, and harsh parenting styles if they do not feel an immediate bond with their infant postpartum. The purpose of this study is to explore actual experiences of attachment from the perspective of young mothers (N = 75, Mage = 19.45 years) and based on these findings the extent to which there is empirical support for a maternal instinct. Mothers were interviewed at home three times (2 weeks, four months, and seven months postpartum), and interviews were thematically analyzed using an open coding method. Three broad themes and six sub-themes emerged: 1) experiences with the immediacy of attachment at birth are diverse (traumatic birth experience, sense of a maternal identity), 2) contextual factors on the bonding experience (physical touch-based caretaking, parenting stress and depression), and 3) time spent parenting influences attachment (reciprocity, parental confidence/knowledge). In conclusion, we could not find empirical evidence to support an innate maternal instinct. Despite diverse experiences with felt attachment at birth, all mothers perceived that the mother-infant connection was influenced by contextual factors after birth and was strengthened over time with more care-taking experience. This suggests that mothers likely developed a "maternal instinct" through repetitive interaction with their infant as the primary caretaker rather than a genetic predisposition to be superior nurturing parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Rankin
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 340 N. Commerce Park Loop, Suite 250, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA.
| | - Haley G Krouskop
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, USA
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Kurbatfinski S, Woo J, Ntanda H, Giesbrecht G, Letourneau N. Perinatal Predictors and Mediators of Attachment Patterns in Preschool Children: Exploration of Children's Contributions in Interactions with Mothers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1022. [PMID: 39201958 PMCID: PMC11352242 DOI: 10.3390/children11081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Insecure and disorganized attachment patterns in children are linked to poor health outcomes over the lifespan. Attachment patterns may be predicted by variables that influence the quality of children's interactions with their primary caregivers/parents (usually mothers) such as prenatal and postnatal exposures and the children's own behaviours in interactions. The purposes of this exploratory study were to examine: (1) prenatal predictors of children's attachment patterns, and (2) postnatal mediators and moderators of associations between prenatal predictors and children's attachment patterns, with adjustment for relevant covariates. Mother-child dyads (n = 214) from the longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort were studied using valid and reliable measures. Hayes' mediation analysis was employed to determine direct and indirect effects. Mothers' prenatal cortisol levels directly predicted disorganized (versus organized) child attachment in unadjusted models. Children's passivity (in adjusted models) and compulsivity (in unadjusted and adjusted models) in parent-child interactions mediated the pathway between mothers' prenatal cortisol levels and children's disorganized attachment patterns. Serial mediation analyses revealed that mothers' cortisol levels predicted their children's cortisol levels, which predicted children's compulsivity, and, ultimately, disorganized attachment in both unadjusted and adjusted models. No predictors were correlated with children's insecure (versus secure) attachment. This exploratory research suggests that prenatal exposure to mothers' cortisol levels and children's behavioural contributions to parent-child interaction quality should be considered in the genesis of children's attachment patterns, especially disorganization. Interventions focused on parent-child interactions could also focus on addressing children's behavioral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurbatfinski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | - Henry Ntanda
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Gerald Giesbrecht
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Owerko Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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10
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Xerxa Y, Hillegers MHJ, Mesman E, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology across three generations: the role of social support. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02562-z. [PMID: 39154150 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychopathology runs in families and affects functioning of individuals and their family members. This study assessed the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology risk across three generations, and the extent to which social support factors may protect against this transmission from parents to their offspring. This study was embedded in Generation R, a multi-ethnic population-based cohort from fetal life onwards. Lifetime psychiatric disorders of grandparents were assessed with the Family Informant Schedule Criteria- updated for DSM-IV. Parental psychopathology was repeatedly measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Offspring psychopathology (ages 10 and 14) was assessed with the Brief Problem Monitor. Maternal and child social factors were assessed using questionnaire measures and a computerized peer nomination assessment. Our results show that the estimated additive interaction effect for the risk transmission of grandparental and pre- and postnatal parental psychopathology to offspring psychopathology was 23% (95% CI 19; 27). The joint effect of grandparental and parental psychopathology combined with maternal and child social support factors was 13% (95% CI 08; 17)], suggesting that social support factors diminished the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology from (grand)parents (G1 and G2) to offspring (G3). Transmission of psychopathology risk may have long-lasting developmental effects across generations. Social support factors reduced the vulnerability to the effects of psychopathology risk, underscoring the importance of the identification of buffering factors associated with good mental health in adolescents who are at high familial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yllza Xerxa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Mesman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Han X, Emery CR, Xie W, Ma C. Maternal victimization and neglected offspring: Child marriage, IPV and depression symptoms among Salar Muslim women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106930. [PMID: 38970860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child neglect is prevalent in western rural China, yet there is limited research among ethnic minority communities. The Salar, a Turkic-Muslim ethnic minority residing primarily in western China, also face this specific problem. The group is deeply influenced by ethnicity, Islam and Chinese Confucianism, which in turn makes women vulnerable to child marriage and IPV. These victimizations, coupled with various life stressors, further complicate the challenges of providing adequate care for their children. OBJECTIVE This study hypothesizes a relationship between child neglect and maternal child marriage, IPV victimization, and depression symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 201 married Salar women from five villages in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, China, were randomly selected to participate in the study. METHOD A probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling approach was used to collect a random representative multi-stage cluster sample in 2022. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS The participants reported a 65.6 % rate of child neglect and a 30.8 % rate of IPV in the past year. 37.6 % experienced child marriage. Results revealed significant associations between child neglect and child marriage, IPV, and depression symptoms. A two-way interaction between IPV and depression symptoms was strongly positively associated with child neglect. CONCLUSIONS This research indicates that Salar Muslim mothers who have experienced child marriage, adulthood victimization, and depression are at a higher risk of neglecting their children. The findings represent a valuable initial step toward researching and addressing the protection needs of women and children from Muslim ethnic minorities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Qinghai Minzu University, Qinghai, China.
| | - Clifton R Emery
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Weiyi Xie
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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12
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Huffhines L, Bailes LG, Coe JL, Leerkes EM, Parade SH. Mothers' recollections of parenting by their own mothers and fathers and maternal and infant outcomes. FAMILY RELATIONS 2024; 73:1949-1967. [PMID: 39545098 PMCID: PMC11562778 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective Using a family network approach, we examined patterns of remembered parental rearing by both parents and associations with maternal and infant outcomes. Background Women's memories of how they were cared for by their own mothers in childhood are associated with important outcomes in the perinatal period. However, few studies assess women's recollections of caregiving by their fathers, despite fathers' influence on the larger family context and child adjustment. Method We combined data from two prospective longitudinal studies of mothers and their infants (N = 468) in the perinatal period to identify profiles of remembered parental rearing by both parents using latent profile analysis and examined how these profiles were associated with maternal depressive symptoms, mothers' perceived romantic relationship satisfaction, parenting, and infant socioemotional problems. Results Four distinct profiles of remembered parental rearing emerged: two supportive parents, two unsupportive parents, a supportive mother but unsupportive father, and a supportive father but unsupportive mother. Results document the differential effects of these profiles on parenting and other maternal and infant outcomes. Conclusion Remembering two supportive parents confers the most benefit for mothers and their infants. Implications For mothers with nonsupportive childhood experiences, processing that legacy within a therapeutic relationship may bolster multiple perinatal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI
| | - Lauren G. Bailes
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jesse L. Coe
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI
| | - Esther M. Leerkes
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI
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13
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Howland MA, Glynn LM. The future of intergenerational transmission research: A prospective, three-generation approach. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38832544 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Dr. Dante Cicchetti's pioneering theory and research on developmental psychopathology have been fundamental to the proliferation of research on intergenerational transmission over the last 40 years. In part due to this foundation, much has been learned about continuities and discontinuities in child maltreatment, attachment, parenting, and psychopathology across generations. Looking towards the future, we propose that this field stands to benefit from a prospective, three-generation approach. Specifically, following established prospective, longitudinal cohorts of children over their transition to parenting the next generation will afford the opportunity to investigate the developmental origins of intergenerational transmission. This approach also can address key outstanding questions and methodological limitations in the extant literature related to the confounding of retrospective and prospective measures; examination of mediators and moderators; and investigation of the roles of biology, environment, and their interplay. After considering these advantages, we offer several considerations and recommendations for future research, many of which are broadly applicable to the study of two or more generations. We hope that this discussion will inspire the leveraging of existing prospective cohorts to carry forward Dr. Cicchetti's remarkable contributions, with the ultimate aim to inform the development of preventions and interventions that disrupt deleterious intergenerational cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann A Howland
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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Tarsha MS, Narvaez D. Humanity's evolved nest and its relation to cardiac vagal regulation in the first years of life. Early Hum Dev 2024; 193:106033. [PMID: 38744000 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Evolved Developmental Niche (EDN) is a millions-year-old developmental system that matches the maturational schedule of the offspring, optimizing health. Every animal has a developmental niche. AIMS Humanity has fallen away from providing its EDN. Does it matter? STUDY DESIGN Several components of humanity's EDN were reviewed (breastfeeding, positive touch, allomothers, responsive care, free play) in relation to cardiac vagal nerve regulation, a signal of healthy development. Focal subjects were young children. OUTCOME MEASURES A review of research on the selected EDN components in relation to vagal nerve function was performed. Data were available for all but the allomother component, which is typically not measured by western researchers, although allomothers provide EDN components alongside parents. RESULTS Apart from the lack of research on allomother effects, all these EDN components have been shown to influence cardiac vagal regulation in young children. CONCLUSIONS Converging evidence suggests that providing the EDN in early life may not only support aspects of a child's primal health system, but bolster capacities for social health and wellness, the cornerstone of a positive life trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Tarsha
- Department of Psychology and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Research, University of Notre Dame, United States of America
| | - Darcia Narvaez
- Department of Psychology and the Kroc Institute for International Peace Research, University of Notre Dame, United States of America.
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15
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Kemmis-Riggs J, Dickes A, Rogers K, Berle D, McAloon J. Improving Parent-Child Relationships for Young Parents in the Shadow of Complex Trauma: A Single-Case Experimental Design Series. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:94-106. [PMID: 35754090 PMCID: PMC10796421 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17-22 years) and toddlers (12-33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent-child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A-B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kemmis-Riggs
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Adam Dickes
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kris Rogers
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Berle
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, The University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John McAloon
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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16
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Gong X, Zhang L, Zhou J, Bi T. Maternal Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Internalizing Problems: The Mediating Role of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Offspring Childhood Maltreatment. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:159-170. [PMID: 37794285 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated the predictive effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on adolescent internalizing problems. However, few studies have explored the mediating mechanisms of how mothers' experiences of childhood maltreatment are transmitted to their offspring's internalizing problems over time. The present multi-informant study investigated the potential mediating effects of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring's childhood maltreatment experiences on the relation between maternal childhood maltreatment and adolescent internalizing problems. A total of 823 Chinese youth (43.4% girls; Mage = 10.26 years, SD = 0.94) and their mothers participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with one-year intervals. Mothers reported their experiences of childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms, while youth reported their childhood maltreatment experiences and internalizing problems. Findings of path analysis indicated that maternal emotional abuse at T1 could significantly predict adolescent internalizing problems at T2, after controlling for a baseline of adolescent internalizing problems. Maternal emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect at T1 can influence adolescent internalizing problems at T2 through maternal depressive symptoms at T1 to adolescent internalizing problems at T1. Maternal emotional abuse at T1 displayed statistically significant indirect effects on adolescent internalizing problems at T2 successively through the pathway from adolescent emotional abuse at T1 to adolescent internalizing problems at T1. The findings supported the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis. The present study highlights the intergenerational link between maternal childhood maltreatment and adolescent internalizing problems, as well as reveals the mediating mechanisms in this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Subramanyam AA, Somaiya M, De Sousa A. Mental health and well-being in children and adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S304-S319. [PMID: 38445272 PMCID: PMC10911321 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_624_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The guideline discusses the various milestones in typical neurodevelopment and the various checkpoints where atypical development can be picked up. There is also a remarkable influence of epigenetics and parenting on child development and well - being. It is also essential to establish effective communication to facilitate healthy child development. Well being in children is largely impacted by schooling, curricular design, inclusivity, teacher training and awareness of newer developments, parent teacher interaction. A clinician must also be well acquainted with the National Education Program and its impact. A healthy environment, exercise, adequate nutrition, microplastics on children and adolescents, global warming are key factors in the development of children. It is indispensable for clinicians to approach well- being in a scientific way and get a clear understanding of the laws and policies for child welfare and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka A Subramanyam
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansi Somaiya
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash De Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Deardorff J, Borgen N, Rauch S, Kogut K, Eskenazi B. Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Young Adult Latino Children's Mental Health. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:119-127. [PMID: 37729975 PMCID: PMC11574972 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal adverse childhood experiences have been linked to a variety of negative health outcomes in young children; however, young adults and, specifically, young adult Latinos have been vastly understudied. This study investigates the intergenerational pathway between maternal adverse childhood experiences and behavioral health outcomes of their young adult children, as mediated through young adults' own adverse childhood experiences and maternal depression. METHODS Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data (in 2023) from mothers and their young adult children (n=398 dyads) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas cohort, a primarily Latino agricultural sample. Maternal and young adult adverse childhood experiences were self-reported retrospectively during a visit at the age of 18 years (2018-2020). Young adult- and maternal-reported internalizing and maternal-reported externalizing behaviors were assessed at the age of 18 years with the Behavior Assessment for Children, second edition. Maternal depression was assessed during a visit at the age of 9 years (2010-2012) using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS Maternal and young adult adverse childhood experiences were weakly but statistically significantly correlated (r=0.22). Maternal adverse childhood experiences were statistically significantly associated with maternal-reported youth internalizing symptoms (β=0.29; 95% CI=0.19, 0.38; p<0.001) and externalizing symptoms (β=0.24; 95% CI=0.14, 0.33; p<0.001) and marginally associated with youth-reported internalizing symptoms (β=0.08; 95% CI= -0.02, 0.18; p=0.13). Youth adverse childhood experiences and maternal depressive symptomatology mediated the associations between maternal adverse childhood experiences and young adult outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the potential impacts of adversity across generations in Latino immigrant families, an understudied population. Understanding the mechanisms and factors associated with these pathways may lead to strategies that prevent poor mental health outcomes in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Deardorff
- Community Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
| | - Natasha Borgen
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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19
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Chau V, Eapen V, Hawkins E, Kohlhoff J. Parenting Characteristics and Callous-Unemotional Traits in Children Aged 0-6 Years: A Systematic Narrative Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01634-6. [PMID: 38127204 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in research examining the relationship between parenting and child callous-unemotional (CU) traits, particularly in early childhood. This study reviewed evidence from studies that investigated the relationship between parenting characteristics (e.g., caregiving beliefs, attitudes, behaviour or quality, or parental mental health) and callous-unemotional traits in children aged 0 to 6 years. A systematic search conducted according to PRISMA guidelines yielded 27 peer-reviewed articles. Analysis of the included articles suggested that there was strong evidence to support links between child CU traits and parenting characteristics (particularly, parental feelings about their child, warm parenting, and harsh/ inconsistent parenting). Taken together, the results of this review demonstrate the links between both positive and negative dimensions of parenting and CU traits in early childhood; however, mixed findings highlight the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chau
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erinn Hawkins
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Kohlhoff
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Karitane, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Day ME, Sucharew H, Burkhardt MC, Reyner A, Giles D, Beck AF, Schlaudecker EP, Klein M. High Caregiver Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated With Pediatric Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:595-601. [PMID: 37846858 PMCID: PMC10725238 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors surrounding vaccine uptake are complex. Although anxiety, which could influence vaccination decisions, has been associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), little is known about links between caregiver ACEs and pediatric vaccine uptake. We evaluated associations between caregivers' ACEs and decisions to vaccinate their children with influenza and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional study of caregivers of patients ≥6 months at one pediatric primary care center (PPCC) was performed. Caregivers completed a 19-question survey examining caregiver ACEs, influenza vaccine acceptance and beliefs, and intention to vaccinate their child with the COVID-19 vaccine. Demographic characteristics, social risks (eg, housing and food insecurity), and vaccination data for children present with each caregiver were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). Statistical analyses included χ2 tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. RESULTS A total of 240 caregivers participated, representing 283 children (mean age of 5.9 years, 47% male). Twenty-four percent (n = 58) had high ACEs (≥4). Of those with high ACEs, 55% accepted pediatric influenza vaccination compared with 38% with low ACEs (P = .02). Those with high ACEs had more positive attitudes toward influenza vaccine safety and efficacy (P ≤ .02). Those with high, compared with low, ACEs were also more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination (38% vs 24%; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric influenza vaccination rates and intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 differed between caregivers with high and low ACEs: those with more ACEs were more likely to vaccinate. Further studies assessing the role of caregiver ACEs on vaccine decision-making are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Day
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Carol Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Reyner
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Destiney Giles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew F Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Schlaudecker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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21
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Zhang D, Swindle T, Fletcher JW, Sigman-Grant M, Johnson SL. Remembered childhood mealtime experiences influence on early childcare and education staff. Appetite 2023; 190:107003. [PMID: 37595754 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Parent feeding styles, behaviors, beliefs, and practices are associated with developing children's eating behaviors. However, many children spend considerable time in childcare; thus, are exposed to child-feeding practices of other adults, e.g., early care and education (ECE) staff. Limited research exists on how and whether current classroom feeding practices of ECE staff associate with their own childhood experiences. The About Feeding Children survey, conducted in 2005, examined self-reported feeding practices and beliefs and personal characteristics of ECE staff in Western United States. An exploratory factor analysis of questions related to childhood experiences (N = 1189), revealed two Mealtime Factors: Remembered Adult Control and Remembered Child Autonomy Support. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the hypothesis that these remembered experiences would be associated with current feeding practices (Structural Mealtime Strategies, Verbal Mealtime Strategies, and Beliefs about Mealtimes). For each outcome, models had good to moderate fit. Across models, Remembered Autonomy Support was associated with less control, bribing, autonomy undermining, and concern-based control beliefs and greater support at meals and autonomy promoting beliefs in teachers' classroom feeding practices. More research is called for to consider whether reflection on remembered childhood experiences might be beneficial to consider during ECE staff training related to feeding young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Research and Evaluation Division, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 521 Jack Stephens Drive #530, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Taren Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 521 Jack Stephens Drive #530, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Janice Williams Fletcher
- Emerita, Child, Family, and Consumer Studies, University of Idaho, 1003 Colt Road, Moscow, ID, 83843Do, USA.
| | - Madeleine Sigman-Grant
- Maternal and Child Health Specialist, University of Nevada, Reno, 2558 S Elizabeth Street, #5, Salt Lake City, UT, 84106, USA.
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Eating Laboratory, 12631 E 17th Ave, Rm #2609, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Carvalho C, Oshri A. The Protective Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Intergenerational Cycles of Neglect. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01580-3. [PMID: 37561353 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Offspring of parents who experienced childhood neglect are at increased risk for developing internalizing problems. Empirical evidence suggests this link is principally mediated through parenting behavior. However, such intergenerational cycles of adversity are found to be disrupted in many families. Parasympathetic nervous system functioning is well documented to mediate individuals' emotion regulation biologically. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a validated biomarker for parasympathetic activity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the moderating role of parent RSA reactivity in the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their children's internalizing problems, through parental acceptance. Physiological and survey data were collected from 145 dyads (94% mothers; Youth Mage = 12.9, Youth SDage = 0.85). Results suggest that the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their child's internalizing problems was conditional on parents' RSA reactivity. Specifically, higher levels of parents' neglect were only linked to increased risk for youth internalizing problems if parents exhibited a lack of RSA withdrawal. Further, this moderating effect was found to be mediated through parental acceptance. Findings suggest understanding intergenerational consequences of child maltreatment contexts should include consideration of bioregulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Carvalho
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd. Health Sciences Campus, 30606, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Human Development and Family Sciences, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 105 Foster Rd. Health Sciences Campus, 30606, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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23
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Luo S, Chen D, Li C, Lin L, Chen W, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Xing F, Guo VY. Maternal adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in preschool offspring: the mediation role of parenting styles. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:95. [PMID: 37563663 PMCID: PMC10416370 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been found to be associated with children's health outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms were unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal ACEs and behavioral problems in their preschool offspring and to explore the potential mediating role of maternal parenting styles in the association. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4243 mother-child dyads in Chengdu, China. Mothers completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) to assess their history of ACEs (i.e., physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, witnessing domestic violence, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household member, parental separation or divorce, parental death, bullying, and community violence), the short Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran Parent Form (S-EMBU-P) to evaluate their parenting styles (i.e., emotional warmth, rejection, and overprotection), and the 48-item Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48) to measure behavioral problems in their children. Logistic regression models were established to examine the association between cumulative number of maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. The mediating role of parenting styles in this association was explored by generalized structural equation models (GSEM). RESULTS Of the participating mothers, 85.8% (n = 3641) reported having experienced at least one type of ACE. Children of mothers with ≥2 ACEs showed a significantly increased risk of behavioral problems across all dimensions, including conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic problems, impulsive-hyperactive, anxiety, and hyperactivity index, in both crude and adjusted models (all p-values < 0.05). Dose-response patterns were also observed between the cumulative number of maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. In addition, maternal parenting styles of rejection emerged as a significant mediator, accounting for approximately 8.4-15.0% of the associations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated an intergenerational association of maternal ACEs with behavioral problems in preschool offspring, which was mediated by maternal parenting styles of rejection. Early screening and targeted intervention strategies are critical to mitigate the downstream consequences of maternal ACEs on young children's outcomes. Providing support and resources to improve parenting skills may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu Jintang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Chengdu Jintang County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenglin Xing
- Chengdu Qingyang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Olsavsky AK, Chirico I, Ali D, Christensen H, Boggs B, Svete L, Ketcham K, Hutchison K, Zeanah C, Tottenham N, Riggs P, Epperson CN. Maternal Childhood Maltreatment, Internal Working Models, and Perinatal Substance Use: Is There a Role for Hyperkatifeia? A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231186371. [PMID: 37476500 PMCID: PMC10354827 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231186371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The parent-infant relationship is critical for socioemotional development and is adversely impacted by perinatal substance use. This systematic review posits that the mechanisms underlying these risks to mother-infant relationships center on 3 primary processes: (1) mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences; (2) attachment styles and consequent internal working models of interpersonal relationships; and (3) perinatal substance use. Further, the review considers the role of hyperkatifeia, or hypersensitivity to negative affect which occurs when people with substance use disorders are not using substances, and which drives the negative reinforcement in addiction. The authors performed a systematic review of articles (published 2000-2022) related to these constructs and their impact on mother-infant relationships and offspring outcomes, including original clinical research articles addressing relationships between these constructs, and excluding case studies, reviews, non-human animal studies, intervention studies, studies with fewer than 30% female-sex participants, clinical guidelines, studies limited to obstetric outcomes, mechanistic/biological studies, and studies with methodological issues precluding interpretation. Overall 1844 articles were screened, 377 were selected for full text review, and data were extracted from 157 articles. Results revealed strong relationships between mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences, less optimal internal working models, and increased risk for perinatal substance use, and importantly, all of these predictors interacted with hyperkatifeia and exerted a marked impact on mother-infant relationships with less data available on offspring outcomes. These data strongly support the need for future studies addressing the additive impact of maternal childhood maltreatment experiences, suboptimal internal working models, and perinatal substance use, with hyperkatifeia as a potential moderator, and their interacting effects on mother-infant socioemotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva K. Olsavsky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Isabella Chirico
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Diab Ali
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Christensen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna Boggs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lillian Svete
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Kent Hutchison
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles Zeanah
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Paula Riggs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Soltani Kouhbanani S, Arabi SM, Zarenezhad S. Does the Frontal Brain Electrical Activity Mediate the Effect of Home Executive Function Environment and Screen Time on Children's Executive Function? J Genet Psychol 2023; 184:430-445. [PMID: 37335540 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2223653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Executive functions play an important role in various developmental aspects of children; however, environmental factors influencing individual differences in children's executive function and their neural substructures, particularly in middle childhood, are rarely investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the home executive function environment (HEFE) and screen time with the executive function of children aged 8-12 years by employing the mediating variables of alpha, beta, and theta waves. The parents of 133 normal children completed Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning, HEFE, and Screen Time Scales. Alpha, beta, and theta brain waves were also measured. Data were examined using correlational and path analysis. The results suggested a positive and significant relationship between home executive functions and the executive functions of children. Furthermore, the results indicated an inverse and significant relationship between screen time and executive function. The results also proved the mediating role of alpha, beta, and theta brain waves in the relationship between screen time and the children's executive function. Environmental factors (such as home environment and screen time) affect the function of brain waves and, thus, the daily executive function of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Soltani Kouhbanani
- Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Zarenezhad
- Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Tarsha MS, Narvaez D. The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1113944. [PMID: 37425179 PMCID: PMC10323226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosociality, orientation to attuned, empathic relationships, is built from the ground up, through supportive care in early life that fosters healthy neurobiological structures that shape behavior. Numerous social and environmental factors within early life have been identified as critical variables influencing child physiological and psychological outcomes indicating a growing need to synthesize which factors are the most influential. To address this gap, we examined the influence of early life experiences according to the evolved developmental niche or evolved nest and its influence on child neurobiological and sociomoral outcomes, specifically, the oxytocinergic system and prosociality, respectively. To-date, this is the first review to utilize the evolved nest framework as an investigatory lens to probe connections between early life experience and child neurobiological and sociomoral outcomes. The evolved nest is comprised of characteristics over 30 million years old and is organized to meet a child's basic needs as they mature. Converging evidence indicates that humanity's evolved nest meets the needs of a rapidly developing brain, optimizing normal development. The evolved nest for young children includes soothing perinatal experiences, breastfeeding, positive touch, responsive care, multiple allomothers, self-directed play, social embeddedness, and nature immersion. We examined what is known about the effects of each evolved nest component on oxytocinergic functioning, a critical neurobiological building block for pro-sociomorality. We also examined the effects of the evolved nest on prosociality generally. We reviewed empirical studies from human and animal research, meta-analyses and theoretical articles. The review suggests that evolved nest components influence oxytocinergic functioning in parents and children and help form the foundations for prosociality. Future research and policy should consider the importance of the first years of life in programming the neuroendocrine system that undergirds wellbeing and prosociality. Complex, interaction effects among evolved nest components as well as among physiological and sociomoral processes need to be studied. The most sensible framework for examining what builds and enhances prosociality may be the millions-year-old evolved nest.
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Xu S, Yu J, Hu Y. Formation mechanism and prediction model of juvenile delinquency. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1087368. [PMID: 37205061 PMCID: PMC10185786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the formation mechanism of juvenile delinquency is of great significance to prevent juvenile delinquency. The present study examined relations and interactions among juvenile delinquents' self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world, and legal consciousness, and then developed a predictive model to distinguish between juvenile delinquents and non-delinquents. The results showed that family factors have a significant influence on the formation of juvenile delinquents' self-consciousness and there are notable differences in family environment and self-consciousness between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Due to the complex interactions among juvenile delinquency's self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world and legal consciousness, adolescents' self- consciousness and social relationships can be utilized to predict and classify the groups of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents effectively. Therefore, the key to preventing juvenile delinquency is to improve their self-consciousness and develop their prosocial relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Hu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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28
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Ortin-Peralta A, Keski-Säntti M, Gissler M, Veijola J, Sourander A, Duarte CS. Parental suicide attempts and offspring's risk of attempting or dying by suicide: does the timing of a parental suicide attempt matter? Psychol Med 2023; 53:977-986. [PMID: 34140058 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the transmission of suicide risk have focused on parental history of suicide attempts (SAs), overlooking when the attempt happened. This study examined how the offspring's risk of attempting or dying by suicide varied by the timing of a first parental SA and the sex of the parent who attempted suicide. METHODS Participants were 59 469 members of the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort. The Finnish Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registers were the sources for parental and offspring SAs and offspring suicide. Timing of parental SA was coded as before (pre-pregnancy and pregnancy) and after the child's birth [infant/toddler years (0-2 years), childhood (3-11 years), adolescence (12-17 years), and young adulthood (18-26 years)]. RESULTS In the multivariate models, having a parent who attempted suicide increased the offspring's risk of attempting suicide (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.25), but not of dying by suicide. Compared to unexposed offspring, those exposed after child's birth were at higher risk of attempting suicide (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.46-2.47), specifically when the parent attempted during offspring's childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. A first maternal SA increased offspring's risk of attempting suicide regardless of the timing. CONCLUSIONS The impact of a parental SA on offspring's risk of attempting suicide differed depending on the timing and sex of the parent who attempted suicide, suggesting that the transmission of suicide risk may occur through genetic as well as environmental factors. Our findings call for an intergenerational approach in suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortin-Peralta
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Veijola
- Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Zhu Y, Zhang G, Anme T. Intergenerational associations of adverse and positive maternal childhood experiences with young children's psychosocial well-being. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2185414. [PMID: 36919776 PMCID: PMC10026815 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2185414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are believed to have negative consequences on offspring health. However, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may be concurrent with ACEs, and little is known about how ACEs and PCEs transmit intergenerationally in the context of each other.Objective: To explore the independent effect of maternal ACEs and PCEs on offspring psychosocial well-being and how ACEs and PCEs are intergenerationally transmitted in their context.Method: Data were 2587 mother-child dyads in Anhui provinces of China. Mothers retrospectively reported their ACEs and PCEs, as well as provided demographic characteristics and their children's psychosocial well-being. Logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of maternal ACEs and PCEs with offspring psychosocial well-being.Results: Separate unadjusted logistic regression models showed that children with mothers reported high ACEs scores were more likely to have psychosocial challenges (total difficulties and prosocial problems), while children whose mothers reported high PCEs scores were less likely to have psychosocial challenges. When we added maternal ACEs and PCEs to a same model, we found that PCEs slightly neutralised the negative effects of ACEs on offspring's total difficulties and prosocial problems. When stratified by sample, mothers with high PCE scores and higher maternal ACEs were related with a higher risk of offspring total difficulties; mothers with low levels of ACEs and high PCEs tend to report a lower risk of offspring total difficulties.Conclusions: Results suggest that PCEs are positively and intergenerationally transmitted. Results suggest that PCEs are positively and intergenerationally transmitted. More programme should be provided to increase maternal PCEs. When preventing the intergenerational transmission of ACEs, specific interventions should be provided to mothers with different levels of PCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Zhu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gengli Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tokie Anme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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30
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Dalhof M(G, Rost K, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM, Köhler-Dauner F. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as a catalyst? Development of emotional problems of preschool children of mothers with childhood maltreatment experiences in the course of the pandemic-a longitudinal analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1156282. [PMID: 37063662 PMCID: PMC10098205 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have posed great challenges for all families and children. Health risks and fears associated with SARS-CoV-2 negatively affect the parental mental health and perceived stress, which in turn influence parental coping and thereby impairs the mental health and well-being of their children. Additional risk factors within the parents, such as maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences, may increase the risk of children to develop emotional problems during the pandemic. Objective The purpose of this longitudinal study is to determine whether preschool children of mothers with CM are at higher risk of developing emotional problems during the pandemic than preschool children of mothers without CM. Method 74 mothers from a birth cohort examining pathways to resilience or vulnerability in the transgenerational transmission of CM, provided information on emotional problems of their children (aged 3-7 years) at two measurement time points (t1: May 2020, t2: March 2021) as part of an online "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic" survey. In addition, parents were asked for a retrospective assessment of their children's emotional problems before the pandemic at time t1. Children's emotional problems were assessed using the "emotional problems" scale of the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and linked to previously collected data on mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences, which were collected using the German short version of the Trauma in Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ). Results Our analyses showed that children's emotional problems increased significantly over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic [F(1.86, 116.88) = 3.72, p = 0.030 η 2 = 0.06] and were rated significantly higher in the group of children of mothers with CM, than in the group of mothers without CM [F(1, 63) = 126.06, p < 0.001 η 2 = 0.67]. Furthermore children's emotional problems of mothers with CM increased significantly more and reached a clinically significant value during the pandemic than for children of mothers without CM [F(1.86, 116.88) = 8.89, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.12]. Conclusions Children of mothers with CM appear to be at increased risk of developing emotional problems during the pandemic. CM therefore needs to be considered as an additional risk factor in the impact of the pandemic on children.
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31
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Shih EW, Ahmad SI, Bush NR, Roubinov D, Tylavsky F, Graff C, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ. A path model examination: maternal anxiety and parenting mediate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's internalizing behaviors. Psychol Med 2023; 53:112-122. [PMID: 34001294 PMCID: PMC9290334 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of mothers with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developmental problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's experience of ACEs are transmitted to her offspring are understudied. The current study investigates potential modifiable mediators (maternal psychopathology and parenting) of the association between maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems. METHODS We utilized data from a pregnancy cohort study (N = 1030; CANDLE study) to investigate longitudinal associations between maternal ACEs, postpartum anxiety, observed parenting behavior, and child internalizing behaviors (meanage = 4.31 years, s.d. age = 0.38) in a racially diverse (67% Black; 33% White/Other) sample. We used structural equation modeling to test for direct associations between maternal ACEs and children's internalizing behaviors, as well as indirect associations via two simple mediations (maternal anxiety and parenting), and one serial mediation (sequence of maternal anxiety to parenting). RESULTS Simple mediation results indicated that maternal anxiety and cognitive growth fostering behaviors independently mediated the association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing. We observed no evidence of a serial mediation from ACEs to internalizing via the effects of maternal anxiety on parenting. CONCLUSIONS This study supports and refines extant literature by confirming the intergenerational association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing behaviors in a large, diverse sample, and identifies potential modifiable mediators: maternal anxiety and parenting behaviors related to fostering cognitive development. Findings may inform interventions targeting mothers who have experienced ACEs and suggest that providing support around specific parenting behaviors and addressing maternal anxiety may reduce internalizing behaviors in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Shih
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaikh I. Ahmad
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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32
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Hanetz-Gamliel K, Dollberg DG. Links between mothers' ACEs, their psychopathology and parenting, and their children's behavior problems-A mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1064915. [PMID: 36620690 PMCID: PMC9813961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children of mothers with a history of adverse childhoods are at greater risk of behavior problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's early adverse experiences (ACEs) are transmitted to her children need further study. Our goal was to examine a conceptual mediational model linking mothers' ACEs, maternal psychopathology symptoms, and parenting behaviors with children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors sequentially. Methods A sample of 153 Israeli mothers of children ages 3-12 (52% girls) participated in the study, and most of the mothers (94.7%) were cohabiting with a spouse. Mothers completed online questionnaires about their early adverse experiences, psychopathology symptoms, parenting behavior, and their children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Results Results showed that mothers with higher ACE scores reported more maternal psychopathology symptoms and more internalizing behavior in their children. The mother's psychopathology in and of itself mediated the link between her ACEs and her child's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Moreover, an indirect sequential path emerged linking ACEs with the mother's psychopathology symptoms, which, in return, were linked with hostile parenting. Hostile parenting, in turn, was linked with children's internalizing and externalizing behavior. Discussion These findings highlight the complicated and intertwined ways in which adverse experiences early in the mother's life might put her child's wellbeing at risk. The findings suggest that ACEs are linked to maternal affect dysregulation, which interferes with parenting, increasing the risk of behavior problems in children. The findings underscore the need to assess mothers' adverse history, psychological distress, and parenting behavior, and provide treatments that can reduce the intergenerational transmission of early adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hanetz-Gamliel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Abraham E, Letkiewicz AM, Wickramaratne PJ, Bunyan M, van Dijk MT, Gameroff MJ, Posner J, Talati A, Weissman MM. Major depression, temperament, and social support as psychosocial mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1997-2011. [PMID: 34099080 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this three-generation longitudinal study of familial depression, we investigated the continuity of parenting styles, and major depressive disorder (MDD), temperament, and social support during childrearing as potential mechanisms. Each generation independently completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), measuring individuals' experiences of care and overprotection received from parents during childhood. MDD was assessed prospectively, up to 38 years, using the semi-structured Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). Social support and temperament were assessed using the Social Adjustment Scale - Self-Report (SAS-SR) and Dimensions of Temperament Scales - Revised, respectively. We first assessed transmission of parenting styles in the generation 1 to generation 2 cycle (G1→G2), including 133 G1 and their 229 G2 children (367 pairs), and found continuity of both care and overprotection. G1 MDD accounted for the association between G1→G2 experiences of care, and G1 social support and temperament moderated the transmission of overprotection. The findings were largely similar when examining these psychosocial mechanisms in 111 G2 and their spouses (G2+S) and their 136 children (G3) (a total of 223 pairs). Finally, in a subsample of families with three successive generations (G1→G2→G3), G2 experiences of overprotection accounted for the association between G1→G3 experiences of overprotection. The results of this study highlight the roles of MDD, temperament, and social support in the intergenerational continuity of parenting, which should be considered in interventions to "break the cycle" of poor parenting practices across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison M Letkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Priya J Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Bunyan
- Departments of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milenna T van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Kohlhoff J, Lieneman C, Cibralic S, Traynor N, McNeil CB. Attachment-Based Parenting Interventions and Evidence of Changes in Toddler Attachment Patterns: An Overview. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:737-753. [PMID: 35982272 PMCID: PMC9622506 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to show links between attachment security in young children and a range of positive outcomes in social, emotional, and psychological domains. The aims of this review were to provide a narrative summary of (1) the attachment-based interventions currently available for caregivers of toddlers aged 12-24 months and for which research about the impact of the program on child attachment patterns has been reported, and (2) the empirical effectiveness of these interventions at improving attachment security. A number of interventions were shown to be associated with shifts to secure and/or organized attachment, with Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up emerging as the interventions with the strongest evidence bases. For most interventions, evidence came from just a single research study, and in some cases from studies that were not randomized controlled trials. In order for clinicians to make informed decisions about the interventions they use with parents and toddlers, it is vital that further research be conducted to test the efficacy of all available attachment-based parenting programs using randomized controlled trial designs, in a range of settings and clinical and cultural groups, and with longitudinal follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, PO Box 241, Villawood, NSW, 2163, Australia.
- Karitane, Villawood, Australia.
| | - Corey Lieneman
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Australia
| | - Sara Cibralic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, PO Box 241, Villawood, NSW, 2163, Australia
| | - Nicole Traynor
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, PO Box 241, Villawood, NSW, 2163, Australia
| | - Cheryl B McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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Huffhines L, Bublitz MH, Coe JL, Seifer R, Parade SH. Maternal perinatal hypertensive disorders and parenting in infancy. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 69:101781. [PMID: 36323194 PMCID: PMC9793337 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal mental health strongly influences parenting during infancy. However, it is unclear whether maternal physical health conditions in the perinatal period may also impact parenting. Examining the association of hypertensive disorders - a common physical health problem in pregnancy - with subsequent parenting behaviors is an important first step in understanding the connection between maternal physical health and parenting during this critical developmental period. This study evaluated whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and hypertensive disorders (HD) diagnosed after the birth of the infant were associated with parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress, and observed parental responsiveness during mother-infant interactions at 6 and 12 months postpartum among a sample of racially and ethnically diverse mothers and their infants (N = 295). Results showed that mothers with an HDP or HD diagnosis had lower levels of parenting self-efficacy, higher levels of parenting stress, and lower levels of observed parental responsiveness compared to mothers without an HDP or HD diagnosis. Given that women with childhood adversity are at higher risk for experiencing HDP/HD and may have more difficulties with parenting compared to women without childhood adversity, we utilized a sample of mothers wherein most had experienced at least one form of adversity in their childhoods. Exploratory analyses revealed that HDP/HD moderated the relation between early life experiences and parenting outcomes in all but one model. Associations between HDP/HD and parenting are discussed, with implications for how we understand maternal physical health as a determinant of parenting in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jesse L Coe
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie H Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
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36
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Olhaberry MP, León MJ, Coo S, Barrientos M, Pérez JC. An explanatory model of parental sensitivity in the mother-father-infant triad. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:714-729. [PMID: 35921446 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quality of early family interactions has been associated with child development, bonding, and mental health. Childhood adversity, stress, and depression impact parenting, affecting the quality of the interaction within the mother-father-child triad. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parents' adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and parental stress, on their sensitive response toward their tooddler and quality of traidic interactions. A correlational cross-sectional method was used. The sample included 80 mother-father-child triads, of toddlers with social-emotional difficulties. Parents early adverse experiences, parental stress, and depressive symptoms were assessed through self-report measures. Observational measures on parental sensitivity and triadic interaction were used. For mothers and fathers, adverse childhood experiences were associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood. Sensitivity toward their child and stress were positively associated among both parents. Symptoms of depression in mothers were associated with lower sensitivity toward their child, but in fathers, their sensitive response was influenced by the level of parental stress in the mother. In both parents, greater sensitivity in the dyadic interaction with the child was associated with a higher quality of the triadic interactions, in the triad as a whole, and in the regulation and involvement of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Paola Olhaberry
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - María José León
- Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Coo
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo (UDD), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J Carola Pérez
- Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo (UDD), Santiago, Chile
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37
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Rothpletz-Puglia P, Ryan E, Jones VM, Eubanks R, Ziegler J, Sackey J, Nabi AD, Jia Y, Byham-Gray LD. Family Systems Cultural and Resilience Dimensions to Consider in Nutrition Interventions: Exploring Preschoolers' Eating and Physical Activity Routines During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:540-550. [PMID: 35397993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the weight-related family functioning of racial minority families with low income using family systems theory as an interpretive framework. DESIGN Primarily a qualitative study with interviews plus; descriptive demographics, anthropometrics, a family functioning measure, and food insecurity screening. SETTING Telephone interviews with families of preschool-aged children in an urban setting. PARTICIPANTS Primary caregivers of preschool-aged children. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Cultural impacts on family systems. ANALYSIS Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and loaded into NVivo 12 for thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics. RESULTS The 23 participants were mothers and 2 maternal grandmothers. Seventy-four percent were African American, most children were normal weight (n = 15, 65%), mean family function scores were high, and more than half the families were at risk for food insecurity (n = 13, 56%). Acculturation and intergenerational eating-related cultural dimensions were discerned as the overarching themes influencing family cohesion. Family cohesion appeared to have helped the families adapt to the impact of coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cultural dimensions such as acculturation and intergenerational influences appeared to be associated with social cohesion and family functioning around weight-related behaviors for these families. These findings add cultural and family resilience dimensions to family systems theory in nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ.
| | - Erika Ryan
- Department of Clinical and Preventative Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Veronica M Jones
- François-Xavier Bagnoud Center, School of Nursing, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Robin Eubanks
- Enrollment Services, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Jane Ziegler
- Department of Clinical and Preventative Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Joachim Sackey
- Department of Clinical and Preventative Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Yuane Jia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Laura D Byham-Gray
- Department of Clinical and Preventative Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
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Canada's Colonial Genocide of Indigenous Peoples: A Review of the Psychosocial and Neurobiological Processes Linking Trauma and Intergenerational Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116455. [PMID: 35682038 PMCID: PMC9179992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The policies and actions that were enacted to colonize Indigenous Peoples in Canada have been described as constituting cultural genocide. When one considers the long-term consequences from the perspective of the social and environmental determinants of health framework, the impacts of such policies on the physical and mental health of Indigenous Peoples go well beyond cultural loss. This paper addresses the impacts of key historical and current Canadian federal policies in relation to the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples. Far from constituting a mere lesson in history, the connections between colonialist policies and actions on present-day outcomes are evaluated in terms of transgenerational and intergenerational transmission processes, including psychosocial, developmental, environmental, and neurobiological mechanisms and trauma responses. In addition, while colonialist policies have created adverse living conditions for Indigenous Peoples, resilience and the perseverance of many aspects of culture may be maintained through intergenerational processes.
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Morgan CH, Pu DF, Rodriguez CM. Parenting style history in predicting harsh parenting and child abuse risk across the transition to parenthood: Role of gender. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 127:105587. [PMID: 35276532 PMCID: PMC8993540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intergenerational transmission of abuse processes imply that individuals abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children when they become parents, with similar intergenerational patterns observed for parenting styles. OBJECTIVE The present study addresses an important gap in the literature regarding the intergenerational cycle, investigating how perceived parenting style history predicts mothers' and fathers' child abuse risk across the transition to parenthood, with particular attention to the role of gender by comparing cross-gender and same-gender grandparent-parent dyads. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS The sample is drawn from a four-wave longitudinal study that enrolled 203 families beginning the final trimester of mothers' pregnancy until children were four years old. Parents responded to measures on parenting style history received from both their mothers and fathers as well as measures of their own child abuse risk, parent-child aggression, and personal parenting style. RESULTS Mothers demonstrated more same-gender effects, whereas fathers demonstrated more cross-gender effects-both patterns supportive of a tendency to follow maternal influences when considering child abuse risk. With regards to behavior, both mothers' and fathers' reports of parent-children aggression were most influenced by perceived harsh parenting received from their fathers. CONCLUSIONS Future development of parenting interventions could be more individualized to the participating parent's reported personal history of parenting style and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casie H Morgan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
| | - Doris F Pu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States of America
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40
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Family Context, Parenting and Child Development: An Epigenetic Approach. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an essay that uses an epigenetic approach to attain an inclusive and in-depth understanding of the influence of family context and quality of parenting on children’s psychological development. Based on the identification of a key developmental process in which interactions are continuously internalised, the approach draws attention to the bidirectional and systemic nature of intrafamily and parenting interactions and highlights the multiple factors that influence them, which are linked to the developmental history of the species, the individual characteristics of both the child and their parents, and contextual variables. In response to these internalised interactions, the body activates epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, which may affect the phenotypic expression of the genome. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed in light of the current process of identifying the biological profiles underlying negative and positive parenting practices. Some insights are offered regarding the challenges and opportunities that parents and policymakers should address in the 21st century in connection with the promotion of positive parenting, taking into account the epigenetic processes triggered by adverse environments for children and their families.
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Pawluski JL, Hoekzema E, Leuner B, Lonstein JS. Less can be more: Fine tuning the maternal brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 133:104475. [PMID: 34864004 PMCID: PMC8807930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PAWLUSKI, J.L., Hoekzema, E., Leuner, B., and Lonstein, J.S. Less can be more: Fine tuning the maternal brain. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (129) XXX-XXX, 2022. Plasticity in the female brain across the lifespan has recently become a growing field of scientific inquiry. This has led to the understanding that the transition to motherhood is marked by some of the most significant changes in brain plasticity in the adult female brain. Perhaps unexpectedly, plasticity occurring in the maternal brain often involves a decrease in brain volume, neurogenesis and glial cell density that presumably optimizes caregiving and other postpartum behaviors. This review summarizes what we know of the 'fine-tuning' of the female brain that accompanies motherhood and highlights the implications of these changes for maternal neurobehavioral health. The first part of the review summarizes structural and functional brain changes in humans during pregnancy and postpartum period with the remainder of the review focusing on neural and glial plasticity during the peripartum period in animal models. The aim of this review is to provide a clear understanding of when 'less is more' in maternal brain plasticity and where future research can focus to improve our understanding of the unique brain plasticity occurring during matrescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L. Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Corresponding author: Jodi L. Pawluski, University of Rennes 1, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Elseline Hoekzema
- Brain and Development Laboratory, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Hoekzema Lab, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology & Department of Neuroscience Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph S. Lonstein
- Neuroscience Program & Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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42
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Perry R, Ginn C, Donnelly C, Benzies K. Assessing resiliency in Canadians experiencing social vulnerability: Psychometric properties of the CUPS Resiliency Interview Schedule and Resiliency Questionnaire. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:799-807. [PMID: 33094488 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deficit models of care for clients experiencing social vulnerability have become increasingly unsustainable; and there is a shift towards models of care that promote and protect resiliency for lifelong health. We defined clients as socially vulnerable if they were living with poverty, mental health problems and addictions, disability, and social isolation. Scales to measure outcomes of resiliency-focused programming have limited reliability and have not been validated with vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to develop and conduct preliminary psychometric assessment of two measures: CUPS (formerly Calgary Urban Project Society) Resiliency Interview Schedule (RIS) and Resiliency Questionnaire (RQ) for adults experiencing social vulnerability. To engage clients who were seeking integrated services at a social services agency, we developed the RIS and accessed data collected between April 2017 and December 2018. In a structured intake interview, the client and staff prioritised goals and identified resiliency in three domains: (a) economic, (b) social-emotional, and (c) health. On average, clients (N = 545) who completed the CUPS-RIS were 45.9 years old (SD = 12.62). For the CUPS-RIS, Cronbach's alphas at intake and outcome assessments were 0.80. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a four-factor solution with two unexpected results: executive functioning/self-regulation loaded with mental and physical health, and client education failed to load on any factor. We found significant improvements between client intake and outcome measurement points on eight of 12 sub-domains. As a brief self-report measure of resiliency, we developed the CUPS-RQ and accessed data collected between November 2018 and May 2019. Clients (N = 29) who completed the CUPS-RQ concurrently with the Resilience Research Centre-Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM) were, on average, 42.46 years old (SD = 12.87). The CUPS-RQ was correlated with RRC-ARM, r = 0.819. In preliminary psychometric assessment, the CUPS-RIS and CUPS-RQ demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and show promise as measures of resiliency for agencies serving clients experiencing social vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ginn
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Karen Benzies
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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43
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Condon EM, Dettmer A, Baker E, McFaul C, Stover CS. Early Life Adversity and Males: Biology, Behavior, and Implications for Fathers' Parenting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104531. [PMID: 35063493 PMCID: PMC9236197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fathers have an important and unique influence on child development, but influences on fathers' parenting have been vastly understudied in the scientific literature. In particular, very little empirical research exists on the effects of early life adversity (ELA; e.g. childhood maltreatment, parental separation) on later parenting among fathers. In this review, we draw from both the human and non-human animal literature to examine the effects of ELA, specifically among males, in the following areas: 1) neurobiology and neurocognitive functioning, 2) hormones and hormone receptors, 3) gene-environment interactions and epigenetics, and 4) behavior and development. Based on these findings, we present a conceptual model to describe the biological and behavioral pathways through which exposure to ELA may influence parenting among males, with a goal of guiding future research and intervention development in this area. Empirical studies are needed to improve understanding of the relationship between ELA and father's parenting, inform the development of paternal and biparental interventions, and prevent intergenerational transmission of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Condon
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs CT 06269, United States; Yale Early Stress and Adversity Consortium, United States.
| | - Amanda Dettmer
- Yale Early Stress and Adversity Consortium, United States; Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Ellie Baker
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; Division of Psychology and Language Science, University College London (UCL), 26 Bedford Way, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara McFaul
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Carla Smith Stover
- Yale Early Stress and Adversity Consortium, United States; Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
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Tebb KP, Brindis CD. Understanding the Psychological Impacts of Teenage Pregnancy through a Socio-ecological Framework and Life Course Approach. Semin Reprod Med 2022; 40:107-115. [PMID: 34991169 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between mental health and teenage pregnancy is complex. Mental health can be both an antecedent and contributing factor to teenage pregnancy and a concurrent factor wherein pregnancy itself can contribute to depression. Expectant and parenting teens (EPT) are faced with the simultaneous challenges of pregnancy and parenting while navigating the developmental tasks of adolescence which increases their risk for mental health problems. In addition, adolescents growing up in stressful community or home situations where their parents experienced depression, further places them and their children at greater risk of repeated patterns over time. However, adverse mental health outcomes are not inevitable. The socio-ecological model combined with a life course perspective provides a framework for understanding the complexity of risk and protective factors at multiple levels that influence knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and other health outcomes later in life and across generations. This approach has important implications for reducing adolescents' risk of an unintended/mistimed pregnancy and improving mental health and other outcomes for EPT. This paper describes the prevalence of mental health problems in EPT and using a socio-ecological framework and life course perspective explains variations in mental health outcome among EPT. Implications for interventions and innovative approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P Tebb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, California, San Francisco
| | - Claire D Brindis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Adolescent and Young Adult Health National Resource Center, University of California, California, San Francisco.,The Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, University of California, California, San Francisco
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45
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Su Y, D'Arcy C, Meng X. Intergenerational Effect of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment on Next Generation's Vulnerability to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:152-162. [PMID: 32588771 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have identified the multiple negative consequences of childhood maltreatment on subsequent mental health. However, research on the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment has not been systematically synthesized. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative estimate of the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on their offspring's psychopathology. Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for English-language prospective cohort studies. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review only included those studies with (1) maternal childhood maltreatment occurring prior to 18 years of age, (2) using a clear and reliable assessment for maltreatment exposure and offspring's mental health problems prior to age 18. Random-effect models were used to calculate the pooled effect size of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring's psychopathology, and meta-regression was used to explore potential confounders. Twelve studies met eligibility criteria. Significant heterogeneity was found across selected studies. Maternal childhood maltreatment was found to have a small but significant effect on the offspring's depression and internalizing behaviors (r = .14, 95% confidence interval [.09, .19]). Two moderators were found, maternal depression and ethnicity. Maternal depression reduced the effect size of maternal maltreatment on offspring's depression and internalizing disorders. The offspring of non-Caucasian mothers who had a history of childhood maltreatment faced a higher risk of mental health problems. There was no evidence of publication bias. This review provides robust evidence to reinforce the need for policies to reduce its occurrence, as it can influence not just one but two or possibly more generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University and the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Craig F, Mascheroni E, Giorda R, Felline MG, Bacco MG, Castagna A, Tenuta F, Villa M, Costabile A, Trabacca A, Montirosso R. Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreatment: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312736. [PMID: 34886461 PMCID: PMC8657512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of proximal family risk factors have been associated with a high number of adverse outcomes in childhood maltreatment, and DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with child maltreatment. However, the relationships between proximal family risk factors and SLC6A4 methylation remains unexplored. We examined the association among cumulative family risk factors, maltreatment experiences and DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene in a sample of 33 child victims of maltreatment. We computed a cumulative family risk (CFR) index that included proximal family risk factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, psychopathology, parents’ experiences of maltreatment/abuse in childhood, criminal history, and domestic violence. The majority of children (90.9%) experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Hierarchical regression models suggested that the higher the CFR index score and the number of maltreatment experiences, and the older the children, the higher the SLC6A4 DNA methylation levels. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that, along with childhood maltreatment experiences per se, cumulative proximal family risk factors are seemingly critically associated with DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Eleonora Mascheroni
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Felline
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bacco
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Trabacca
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
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Tarsha MS, Narvaez D. Effects of adverse childhood experience on physiological regulation are moderated by evolved developmental niche history. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 35:488-500. [PMID: 34676784 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1989419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood experiences of early life stress and adversity can lead to long-term detrimental outcomes across the lifespan. Recent evidence suggests avoiding stressors is not enough for species-typical development. Nurturing and responsive care are needed to both buffer adverse experiences as well as promote healthy development, but little is known regarding the interaction between species-typical environmental support in childhood, Evolved Developmental Niche history (EDN-history), and adversity on physiological regulation in adult women. To investigate the interaction between species-typical nurturing and adversity (ACEs, adverse childhood experiences), women (N = 113) were asked to report on EDN-history and ACEs. Physiological regulation was measured using respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) across three conditions that included stress and relaxation. Applying latent basis coefficient modeling, EDN-history moderated vagal withdrawal from baseline to stress and supported vagal activation from stress to recovery, suggesting a link between EDN-history and vagal adaptability. EDN-history acted as a buffer against ACEs on physiological regulation supporting women's vagal adaptability across differing conditions. Physiological adaptability is a key component of physical and psychological wellbeing and resilience. Experiences of the EDN in childhood may not only buffer adversity but also support the physiological building blocks of health and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Tarsha
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Darcia Narvaez
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Merrill SM, Moore SR, Gladish N, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Konwar C, MacIssac JL, Kobor MS, Letourneau NL. Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22174. [PMID: 34333774 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or cumulative childhood stress exposures, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, predict later health problems in both the exposed individuals and their offspring. One potential explanation suggests exposure to early adversity predicts epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), linked to later health. Stress experienced preconception by mothers may associate with DNAm in the next generation. We hypothesized that fathers' exposure to ACEs also associates with their offspring DNAm, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously explored. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm (n = 45) from 3-month-old infants was regressed onto fathers' retrospective ACEs at multiple Cytosine-phosphate-Guanosine (CpG) sites to discover associations. This accounted for infants' sex, age, ethnicity, cell type proportion, and genetic variability. Higher ACE scores associated with methylation values at eight CpGs. Post-hoc analysis found no contribution of paternal education, income, marital status, and parental postpartum depression, but did with paternal smoking and BMI along with infant sleep latency. These same CpGs also contributed to the association between paternal ACEs and offspring attention problems at 3 years. Collectively, these findings suggested there were biological associations with paternal early life adversity and offspring DNAm in infancy, potentially affecting offspring later childhood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Merrill
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Moore
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIssac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole L Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Parents’ own adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact their children’s physical and emotional health. Causal mechanisms are not fully understood but are likely multifactorial, affecting parent resiliency and attachment behaviors, with possible intergenerational transmission. Although universal screening for parental ACEs is controversial, they may be identified during pediatric care. Providers can address parental ACEs by consistently using trauma-informed, healing-centered approaches that acknowledge the impact of trauma and the presence of resilience, promote positive parenting skills, and provide compassionate support universally. When necessary, more targeted interventions may include referral to community social support services and parenting programming. Incorporating a two-generation approach in pediatrics may enhance and support child health and well-being more robustly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal C Gupta
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64109, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Kimberly A Randell
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64109, USA
| | - M Denise Dowd
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64109, USA
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50
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Olsavsky AK, Stoddard J, Erhart A, Tribble R, Kim P. Reported maternal childhood maltreatment experiences, amygdala activation and functional connectivity to infant cry. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:418-427. [PMID: 33438749 PMCID: PMC7990072 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood maltreatment experiences (CMEs) may influence responses to infants and affect child outcomes. We examined associations between CME and mothers' neural responses and functional connectivity to infant distress. We hypothesized that mothers with greater CME would exhibit higher amygdala reactivity and amygdala-supplementary motor area (SMA) functional connectivity to own infant's cries. Postpartum mothers (N = 57) assessed for CME completed an functional magnetic resonance imaging task with cry and white-noise stimuli. Amygdala region-of-interest and psychophysiological interaction analyses were performed. Our models tested associations of CME with activation and connectivity during task conditions (own/other and cry/noise). Exploratory analyses with parenting behaviors were performed. Mothers with higher CME exhibited higher amygdala activation to own baby's cries vs other stimuli (F1,392 = 6.9, P < 0.01, N = 57) and higher differential connectivity to cry vs noise between amygdala and SMA (F1,165 = 22.3, P < 0.001). Exploratory analyses revealed positive associations between both amygdala activation and connectivity and maternal non-intrusiveness (Ps < 0.05). Increased amygdala activation to own infant's cry and higher amygdala-SMA functional connectivity suggest motor responses to baby's distress. These findings were associated with less intrusive maternal behaviors. Follow-up studies might replicate these findings, add more granular parenting assessments and explore how cue processing leads to a motivated maternal approach in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva K Olsavsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joel Stoddard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Erhart
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Rebekah Tribble
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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