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Gao R, Song SJ, Tian MY, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Myelin debris phagocytosis in demyelinating disease. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39073200 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases are often caused by a variety of triggers, including immune responses, viral infections, malnutrition, hypoxia, or genetic factors, all of which result in the loss of myelin in the nervous system. The accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion site leads to neuroinflammation and inhibits remyelination; therefore, it is crucial to promptly remove the myelin debris. Initially, Fc and complement receptors on cellular surfaces were the primary clearance receptors responsible for removing myelin debris. However, subsequent studies have unveiled the involvement of additional receptors, including Mac-2, TAM receptors, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, in facilitating the removal process. In addition to microglia and macrophages, which serve as the primary effector cells in the disease phase, a variety of other cell types such as astrocytes, Schwann cells, and vascular endothelial cells have been demonstrated to engage in the phagocytosis of myelin debris. Furthermore, we have concluded that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, as myelination precursor cells, also exhibit this phagocytic capability. Moreover, our research group has innovatively identified the low-density lipoprotein receptor as a potential phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. In this article, we discuss the functional processes of various phagocytes in demyelinating diseases. We also highlight the alterations in signaling pathways triggered by phagocytosis, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various phagocytic receptors involved. Such insights are invaluable for pinpointing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Song
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital/Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Balan I, Grusca A, Chéry SL, Materia BR, O’Buckley TK, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-Hydroxy-pregnan-20-one Enhances the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Pathway in the Brain of Alcohol-Preferring Rats with Sex-Specificity. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:860. [PMID: 39063614 PMCID: PMC11277648 DOI: 10.3390/life14070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of allopregnanolone ([3α,5α]3-hydroxypregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THP); 10 mg/kg, IP) on fractalkine/CX3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) levels, associated signaling components, and markers for microglial and astrocytic cells in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of male and female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Previous research suggested that 3α,5α-THP enhances anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine production in the brains of male P rats, with no similar effect observed in females. This study reveals that 3α,5α-THP elevates CX3CL1 levels by 16% in the NAc of female P rats, with no significant changes observed in males. The increase in CX3CL1 levels induced by 3α,5α-THP was observed in females across multiple brain regions, including the NAc, amygdala, hypothalamus, and midbrain, while no significant effect was noted in males. Additionally, female P rats treated with 3α,5α-THP exhibited notable increases in CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1; 48%) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1; 24%) levels, along with heightened activation (phosphorylation) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; 85%) in the NAc. Conversely, no similar alterations were observed in male P rats. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels by 19% in both female and male P rat NAc, without affecting microglial markers ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119). These findings indicate that 3α,5α-THP enhances the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway in the female P rat brain but not in males, primarily influencing astrocyte reactivity, with no observed effect on microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adelina Grusca
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Samantha Lucenell Chéry
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Neuroscience Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Baylee R. Materia
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (I.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jay TR, Kang Y, Ouellet-Massicotte V, Micael MKB, Kacouros-Perkins VL, Chen J, Sheehan A, Freeman MR. Developmental and age-related synapse elimination is mediated by glial Croquemort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600214. [PMID: 39026803 PMCID: PMC11257470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurons and glia work together to dynamically regulate neural circuit assembly and maintenance. In this study, we show Drosophila exhibit large-scale synapse formation and elimination as part of normal CNS circuit maturation, and that glia use conserved molecules to regulate these processes. Using a high throughput ELISA-based in vivo screening assay, we identify new glial genes that regulate synapse numbers in Drosophila in vivo, including the scavenger receptor ortholog Croquemort (Crq). Crq acts as an essential regulator of glial-dependent synapse elimination during development, with glial Crq loss leading to excess CNS synapses and progressive seizure susceptibility in adults. Loss of Crq in glia also prevents age-related synaptic loss in the adult brain. This work provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse development and maintenance across the lifespan, and identifies glial Crq as a key regulator of these processes.
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Ahmad Y, Seo DS, Jang Y. Metabolic Effects of Ketogenic Diets: Exploring Whole-Body Metabolism in Connection with Adipose Tissue and Other Metabolic Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7076. [PMID: 39000187 PMCID: PMC11241756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by minimal carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high fat intake, leading to ketosis. It is recognized for its efficiency in weight loss, metabolic health improvement, and various therapeutic interventions. The KD enhances glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing triglycerides and total cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein levels and alleviating dyslipidemia. It significantly influences adipose tissue hormones, key contributors to systemic metabolism. Brown adipose tissue, essential for thermogenesis and lipid combustion, encounters modified UCP1 levels due to dietary factors, including the KD. UCP1 generates heat by uncoupling electron transport during ATP synthesis. Browning of the white adipose tissue elevates UCP1 levels in both white and brown adipose tissues, a phenomenon encouraged by the KD. Ketone oxidation depletes intermediates in the Krebs cycle, requiring anaplerotic substances, including glucose, glycogen, or amino acids, for metabolic efficiency. Methylation is essential in adipogenesis and the body's dietary responses, with DNA methylation of several genes linked to weight loss and ketosis. The KD stimulates FGF21, influencing metabolic stability via the UCP1 pathways. The KD induces a reduction in muscle mass, potentially involving anti-lipolytic effects and attenuating proteolysis in skeletal muscles. Additionally, the KD contributes to neuroprotection, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and alters epigenetics. This review encapsulates the metabolic effects and signaling induced by the KD in adipose tissue and major metabolic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Ahmad
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Seo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
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Lepiarz-Raba I, Hidayat T, Hannan AJ, Jawaid A. Potential Alzheimer's disease drug targets identified through microglial biology research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:587-602. [PMID: 38590098 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2335210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microglia, the primary immune cells in the brain, play multifaceted roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia can potentially mitigate the pathological progression of AD by clearing amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain and through neurotrophic support. In contrast, disproportionate activation of microglial pro-inflammatory pathways, as well as excessive elimination of healthy synapses, can exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD. The challenge, therefore, lies in discerning the precise regulation of the contrasting microglial properties to harness their therapeutic potential in AD. AREAS COVERED This review examines the evidence relevant to the disease-modifying effects of microglial manipulators in AD preclinical models. The deleterious pro-inflammatory effects of microglia in AD can be ameliorated via direct suppression or indirectly through metabolic manipulation, epigenetic targeting, and modulation of the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, microglial clearance of Aβ deposits in AD can be enhanced via strategically targeting microglial membrane receptors, lysosomal functions, and metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Given the intricate and diverse nature of microglial responses throughout the course of AD, therapeutic interventions directed at microglia warrant a tactical approach. This could entail employing therapeutic regimens, which concomitantly suppress pro-inflammatory microglial responses while selectively enhancing Aβ phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Lepiarz-Raba
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Exposures and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TREND), Braincity: Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Taufik Hidayat
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Exposures and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TREND), Braincity: Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Exposures and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TREND), Braincity: Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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Wu CC, Tsantilas KA, Park J, Plubell D, Sanders JA, Naicker P, Govender I, Buthelezi S, Stoychev S, Jordaan J, Merrihew G, Huang E, Parker ED, Riffle M, Hoofnagle AN, Noble WS, Poston KL, Montine TJ, MacCoss MJ. Mag-Net: Rapid enrichment of membrane-bound particles enables high coverage quantitative analysis of the plasma proteome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.10.544439. [PMID: 38617345 PMCID: PMC11014469 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.10.544439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-bound particles in plasma are composed of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and represent ~1-2% of the total protein composition. Proteomic interrogation of this subset of plasma proteins augments the representation of tissue-specific proteins, representing a "liquid biopsy," while enabling the detection of proteins that would otherwise be beyond the dynamic range of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma. We have developed an enrichment strategy (Mag-Net) using hyper-porous strong-anion exchange magnetic microparticles to sieve membrane-bound particles from plasma. The Mag-Net method is robust, reproducible, inexpensive, and requires <100 μL plasma input. Coupled to a quantitative data-independent mass spectrometry analytical strategy, we demonstrate that we can collect results for >37,000 peptides from >4,000 plasma proteins with high precision. Using this analytical pipeline on a small cohort of patients with neurodegenerative disease and healthy age-matched controls, we discovered 204 proteins that differentiate (q-value < 0.05) patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) from those without ADD. Our method also discovered 310 proteins that were different between Parkinson's disease and those with either ADD or healthy cognitively normal individuals. Using machine learning we were able to distinguish between ADD and not ADD with a mean ROC AUC = 0.98 ± 0.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Wu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jea Park
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deanna Plubell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin A. Sanders
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gennifer Merrihew
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward D. Parker
- Vision Core Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Riffle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S. Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA, USA
| | | | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Glatz JFC, Heather LC, Luiken JJFP. CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:727-764. [PMID: 37882731 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional membrane glycoprotein CD36 is expressed in different types of cells and plays a key regulatory role in cellular lipid metabolism, especially in cardiac muscle. CD36 facilitates the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids, mediates lipid signaling, and regulates storage and oxidation of lipids in various tissues with active lipid metabolism. CD36 deficiency leads to marked impairments in peripheral lipid metabolism, which consequently impact on the cellular utilization of multiple different fuels because of the integrated nature of metabolism. The functional presence of CD36 at the plasma membrane is regulated by its reversible subcellular recycling from and to endosomes and is under the control of mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional factors. Aberrations in this dynamic role of CD36 are causally associated with various metabolic diseases, in particular insulin resistance, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac hypertrophy. Recent research in cardiac muscle has disclosed the endosomal proton pump vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) as a key enzyme regulating subcellular CD36 recycling and being the site of interaction between various substrates to determine cellular substrate preference. In addition, evidence is accumulating that interventions targeting CD36 directly or modulating its subcellular recycling are effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In conclusion, subcellular CD36 localization is the major adaptive regulator of cellular uptake and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and appears a suitable target for metabolic modulation therapy to mend failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pitchai A, Buhman K, Shannahan JH. Lipid mediators of inhalation exposure-induced pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:57-74. [PMID: 38422051 PMCID: PMC11022128 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2318389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many inhalation exposures induce pulmonary inflammation contributing to disease progression. Inflammatory processes are actively regulated via mediators including bioactive lipids. Bioactive lipids are potent signaling molecules involved in both pro-inflammatory and resolution processes through receptor interactions. The formation and clearance of lipid signaling mediators are controlled by multiple metabolic enzymes. An imbalance of these lipids can result in exacerbated and sustained inflammatory processes which may result in pulmonary damage and disease. Dysregulation of pulmonary bioactive lipids contribute to inflammation and pulmonary toxicity following exposures. For example, inhalation of cigarette smoke induces activation of pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids such as sphingolipids, and ceramides contributing to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, exposure to silver nanoparticles causes dysregulation of inflammatory resolution lipids. As inflammation is a common consequence resulting from inhaled exposures and a component of numerous diseases it represents a broadly applicable target for therapeutic intervention. With new appreciation for bioactive lipids, technological advances to reliably identify and quantify lipids have occurred. In this review, we will summarize, integrate, and discuss findings from recent studies investigating the impact of inhaled exposures on pro-inflammatory and resolution lipids within the lung and their contribution to disease. Throughout the review current knowledge gaps in our understanding of bioactive lipids and their contribution to pulmonary effects of inhaled exposures will be presented. New methods being employed to detect and quantify disruption of pulmonary lipid levels following inhalation exposures will be highlighted. Lastly, we will describe how lipid dysregulation could potentially be addressed by therapeutic strategies to address inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pitchai
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly Buhman
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Li Z, Wang H, Yin Y. Peripheral inflammation is a potential etiological factor in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:99-120. [PMID: 37602685 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral inflammation that appears to have a relationship with Alzheimer's disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and peripheral infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Toxoplasma gondii. Chronic inflammatory diseases are also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. The mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation affects the pathophysiology of AD are complex. Pathogen-derived neurotoxic molecule composition, disrupted BBB, and dysfunctional neurogenesis may all play a role in peripheral inflammation, promoting the development of AD. Anti-pathogenic medications and anti-inflammatory treatments are reported to decrease the risk of AD. Studies that could improve understanding the associations between AD and peripheral inflammation are needed. If our assumption is correct, early intervention against inflammation may be a potential method of preventing and treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
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Yang M, Silverstein RL. Targeting Cysteine Oxidation in Thrombotic Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:83. [PMID: 38247507 PMCID: PMC10812781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress increases the risk for clinically significant thrombotic events, yet the mechanisms by which oxidants become prothrombotic are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of cysteine reactivity and oxidation. We then highlight recent findings on cysteine oxidation events in oxidative stress-related thrombosis. Special emphasis is on the signaling pathway induced by a platelet membrane protein, CD36, in dyslipidemia, and by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a member of the thiol oxidoreductase family of proteins. Antioxidative and chemical biology approaches to target cysteine are discussed. Lastly, the knowledge gaps in the field are highlighted as they relate to understanding how oxidative cysteine modification might be targeted to limit thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-924, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Hub 8745, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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11
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Tuckey AN, Brandon A, Eslaamizaad Y, Siddiqui W, Nawaz T, Clarke C, Sutherland E, Williams V, Spadafora D, Barrington RA, Alvarez DF, Mulekar MS, Simmons JD, Fouty BW, Audia JP. Amyloid-β and caspase-1 are indicators of sepsis and organ injury. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00572-2023. [PMID: 38410714 PMCID: PMC10895426 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00572-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that results from a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction. Despite the prevalence and associated socioeconomic costs, treatment of sepsis remains limited to antibiotics and supportive care, and a majority of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors develop long-term cognitive complications post-discharge. The present study identifies a novel regulatory relationship between amyloid-β (Aβ) and the inflammasome-caspase-1 axis as key innate immune mediators that define sepsis outcomes. Methods Medical ICU patients and healthy individuals were consented for blood and clinical data collection. Plasma cytokine, caspase-1 and Aβ levels were measured. Data were compared against indices of multiorgan injury and other clinical parameters. Additionally, recombinant proteins were tested in vitro to examine the effect of caspase-1 on a functional hallmark of Aβ, namely aggregation. Results Plasma caspase-1 levels displayed the best predictive value in discriminating ICU patients with sepsis from non-infected ICU patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.7080). Plasma caspase-1 and the Aβ isoform Aβx-40 showed a significant positive correlation and Aβx-40 associated with organ injury. Additionally, Aβ plasma levels continued to rise from time of ICU admission to 7 days post-admission. In silico, Aβ harbours a predicted caspase-1 cleavage site, and in vitro studies demonstrated that caspase-1 cleaved Aβ to inhibit its auto-aggregation, suggesting a novel regulatory relationship. Conclusions Aβx-40 and caspase-1 are potentially useful early indicators of sepsis and its attendant organ injury. Additionally, Aβx-40 has emerged as a potential culprit in the ensuing development of post-ICU syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Tuckey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Arcole Brandon
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Yasaman Eslaamizaad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Waqar Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Talha Nawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Christopher Clarke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Erica Sutherland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Veronica Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of South Alabama University Hospital
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resources Laboratory, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Robert A. Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resources Laboratory, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Diego F. Alvarez
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Madhuri S. Mulekar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama College of Arts and Sciences
| | - Jon D. Simmons
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Brian W. Fouty
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
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12
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Kruglov V, Jang IH, Camell CD. Inflammaging and fatty acid oxidation in monocytes and macrophages. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00038. [PMID: 38249577 PMCID: PMC10798594 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), primarily known as β-oxidation, plays a crucial role in breaking down fatty acids within mitochondria and peroxisomes to produce cellular energy and preventing metabolic dysfunction. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, microglia, and monocytes, rely on FAO to perform essential cellular functions and uphold tissue homeostasis. As individuals age, these cells show signs of inflammaging, a condition that includes a chronic onset of low-grade inflammation and a decline in metabolic function. These lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism and a decline in FAO pathways. Recent studies have shed light on metabolic shifts occurring in macrophages and monocytes during aging, correlating with an altered tissue environment and the onset of inflammaging. This review aims to provide insights into the connection of inflammatory pathways and altered FAO in macrophages and monocytes from older organisms. We describe a model in which there is an extended activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome within macrophages and monocytes. This leads to an increased level of glycolysis, and also promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production and signaling. As a result, FAO-related enzymes such as 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α are reduced, adding to the escalation of inflammation, accumulation of lipids, and heightened cellular stress. We examine the existing body of literature focused on changes in FAO signaling within macrophages and monocytes and their contribution to the process of inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kruglov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - In Hwa Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina D. Camell
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Lalwani RC, Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C, Webster KA, Shehadeh LA. Contextualizing the Role of Osteopontin in the Inflammatory Responses of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3232. [PMID: 38137453 PMCID: PMC10741223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive accumulations of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates from soluble oligomers to insoluble plaques and hyperphosphorylated intraneuronal tau, also from soluble oligomers to insoluble neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau and Aβ complexes spread from the entorhinal cortex of the brain to interconnected regions, where they bind pattern recognition receptors on microglia and astroglia to trigger inflammation and neurotoxicity that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration and clinical AD. Systemic inflammation is initiated by Aβ's egress into the circulation, which may be secondary to microglial activation and can confer both destructive and reparative actions. Microglial activation pathways and downstream drivers of Aβ/NFT neurotoxicity, including inflammatory regulators, are primary targets for AD therapy. Osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory cytokine and biomarker of AD, is implicated in Aβ clearance and toxicity, microglial activation, and inflammation, and is considered to be a potential therapeutic target. Here, using the most relevant works from the literature, we review and contextualize the evidence for a central role of OPN and associated inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni C. Lalwani
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.-H.V.); (C.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.-H.V.); (C.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Integene International Holdings, LLC, Miami, FL 33137, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Everglades BioPharma, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Lina A. Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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14
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Boohar RT, Vandepas LE, Traylor-Knowles N, Browne WE. Phylogenetic and Protein Structure Analyses Provide Insight into the Evolution and Diversification of the CD36 Domain "Apex" among Scavenger Receptor Class B Proteins across Eukarya. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad218. [PMID: 38035778 PMCID: PMC10715195 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) domain defines the characteristic ectodomain associated with class B scavenger receptor (SR-B) proteins. In bilaterians, SR-Bs play critical roles in diverse biological processes including innate immunity functions such as pathogen recognition and apoptotic cell clearance, as well as metabolic sensing associated with fatty acid uptake and cholesterol transport. Although previous studies suggest this protein family is ancient, SR-B diversity across Eukarya has not been robustly characterized. We analyzed SR-B homologs identified from the genomes and transcriptomes of 165 diverse eukaryotic species. The presence of highly conserved amino acid motifs across major eukaryotic supergroups supports the presence of a SR-B homolog in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Our comparative analyses of SR-B protein structure identify the retention of a canonical asymmetric beta barrel tertiary structure within the CD36 ectodomain across Eukarya. We also identify multiple instances of independent lineage-specific sequence expansions in the apex region of the CD36 ectodomain-a region functionally associated with ligand-sensing. We hypothesize that a combination of both sequence expansion and structural variation in the CD36 apex region may reflect the evolution of SR-B ligand-sensing specificity between diverse eukaryotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed T Boohar
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren E Vandepas
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - William E Browne
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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15
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Chen H, Guo Z, Sun Y, Dai X. The immunometabolic reprogramming of microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105614. [PMID: 37748710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder (NDD). In the central nervous system (CNS), immune cells like microglia could reprogram intracellular metabolism to alter or exert cellular immune functions in response to environmental stimuli. In AD, microglia could be activated and differentiated into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and these differences in cellular phenotypes resulted in variance in cellular energy metabolism. Considering the enormous energy requirement of microglia for immune functions, the changes in mitochondria-centered energy metabolism and substrates of microglia are crucial for the cellular regulation of immune responses. Here we reviewed the mechanisms of microglial metabolic reprogramming by analyzing their flexible metabolic patterns and changes that occurred in their metabolism during the development of AD. Further, we summarized the role of drugs in modulating immunometabolic reprogramming to prevent neuroinflammation, which may shed light on a new research direction for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Zichen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China.
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16
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Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:73. [PMID: 37789345 PMCID: PMC10548599 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a devastating condition common in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also observed in the general population. Vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction have been implicated in CAA but the cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that brain border-associated macrophages (BAM), yolk sac-derived myeloid cells closely apposed to parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels, are the source of radicals through the Aβ-binding innate immunity receptor CD36, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, CAA, and cognitive impairment. METHODS Tg2576 mice and WT littermates were transplanted with CD36-/- or CD36+/+ bone marrow at 12-month of age and tested at 15 months. This approach enables the repopulation of perivascular and leptomeningeal compartments with CD36-/- BAM. Neurovascular function was tested in anesthetized mice equipped with a cranial window in which cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Amyloid pathology and cognitive function were also examined. RESULTS The increase in blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation (functional hyperemia) or by endothelial and smooth muscle vasoactivity was markedly attenuated in WT → Tg2576 chimeras but was fully restored in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras, in which BAM ROS production was suppressed. CAA-associated Aβ1-40, but not Aβ1-42, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. Similarly, CAA, but not parenchymal plaques, was reduced in CD36-/- → Tg2576 chimeras. These beneficial vascular effects were associated with cognitive improvement. Finally, CD36-/- mice were able to more efficiently clear exogenous Aβ1-40 injected into the neocortex or the striatum. CONCLUSIONS CD36 deletion in BAM suppresses ROS production and rescues the neurovascular dysfunction and damage induced by Aβ. CD36 deletion in BAM also reduced brain Aβ1-40 and ameliorated CAA without affecting parenchyma plaques. Lack of CD36 enhanced the vascular clearance of exogenous Aβ. Restoration of neurovascular function and attenuation of CAA resulted in a near complete rescue of cognitive function. Collectively, these data implicate brain BAM in the pathogenesis of CAA and raise the possibility that targeting BAM CD36 is beneficial in CAA and other conditions associated with vascular Aβ deposition and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yorito Hattori
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ji Ahn
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - James Seo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nicole Casey
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Antoine Anfray
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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17
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Jackson JW, Foster JS, Martin EB, Macy S, Wooliver C, Balachandran M, Richey T, Heidel RE, Williams AD, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Collagen inhibits phagocytosis of amyloid in vitro and in vivo and may act as a 'don't eat me' signal. Amyloid 2023; 30:249-260. [PMID: 36541892 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in organs and tissues. For reasons heretofore unknown, amyloid deposits are not recognized by the immune system, and progressive deposition leads to organ dysfunction. METHODS In vitro and in vivo phagocytosis assays were performed to elucidate the impact of collagen and other amyloid associated proteins (eg serum amyloid p component and apolipoprotein E) had on amyloid phagocytosis. Immunohistochemical and histopathological staining regimens were employed to analyze collagen-amyloid interactions and immune responses. RESULTS Histological analysis of amyloid-laden tissue indicated that collagen is intimately associated with amyloid deposits. We report that collagen inhibits phagocytosis of amyloid fibrils by macrophages. Treatment of 15 patient-derived amyloid extracts with collagenase significantly enhanced amyloid phagocytosis. Preclinical mouse studies indicated that collagenase treatment of amyloid extracts significantly enhanced clearance as compared to controls, coincident with increased immune cell infiltration of the subcutaneous amyloid lesion. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that amyloid-associated collagen serves as a 'don't eat me' signal, thereby hindering clearance of amyloid. Targeted degradation of amyloid-associated collagen could result in innate immune cell recognition and clearance of pathologic amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - James S Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Manasi Balachandran
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - R Eric Heidel
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Angela D Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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18
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Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou H, Lu YC, Jin X, Luo L, You J. The role of protein corona on nanodrugs for organ-targeting and its prospects of application. J Control Release 2023; 360:15-43. [PMID: 37328008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanodrugs become a hotspot in the high-end medical field. They have the ability to deliver drugs to reach their destination more effectively due to their unique properties and flexible functionalization. However, the fate of nanodrugs in vivo is not the same as those presented in vitro, which indeed influenced their therapeutic efficacy in vivo. When entering the biological organism, nanodrugs will first come into contact with biological fluids and then be covered by some biomacromolecules, especially proteins. The proteins adsorbed on the surface of nanodrugs are known as protein corona (PC), which causes the loss of prospective organ-targeting abilities. Fortunately, the reasonable utilization of PC may determine the organ-targeting efficiency of systemically administered nanodrugs based on the diverse expression of receptors on cells in different organs. In addition, the nanodrugs for local administration targeting diverse lesion sites will also form unique PC, which plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of nanodrugs. This article introduced the formation of PC on the surface of nanodrugs and summarized the recent studies about the roles of diversified proteins adsorbed on nanodrugs and relevant protein for organ-targeting receptor through different administration pathways, which may deepen our understanding of the role that PC played on organ-targeting and improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanodrugs to promote their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Chao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xizhi Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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19
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Xu H, Wang W, Ouyang H, Zhang X, Miao X, Feng J, Tao Y, Li Y. Expression profiling and antibacterial analysis of cd36 in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108901. [PMID: 37321429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cd36 is classified as a class B scavenger receptor and has also been identified as a pattern recognition receptor. In this study, we investigated the genomic structure and molecular characteristics of cd36 in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), examined its tissue distribution, and evaluated its antibacterial activity. Genomic structure analysis showed that Sccd36 consists of 12 exons and 11 introns. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the open reading frame of Sccd36 contains 1410 bp, encoding 469 amino acids. Sccd36 is deeply conserved with other vertebrates in terms of genomic structure, gene loci and molecular evolution, and the feature of two transmembrane was observed in ScCd36 through structural prediction. Sccd36 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, with the strongest expression in the intestine, followed by the heart and the kidney. Dramatic changes of Sccd36 mRNA were detected in mucosal tissues, including the intestine, gill and skin, when stimulated by the microbial ligands lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. In addition, ScCd36 was identified as having strong binding ability to microbial ligands and antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus lactis. Furthermore, we verified that the genetic ablation of cd36 impaired the resistance of fish to bacterial challenge by using zebrafish cd36 knockout line. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ScCd36 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of mandarin fish against bacterial infections. This also sets the stage for further exploration into the antibacterial function of Cd36 in lower vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huaxin Ouyang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaomin Miao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingyun Feng
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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20
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Uekawa K, Hattori Y, Ahn SJ, Seo J, Casey N, Anfray A, Zhou P, Luo W, Anrather J, Park L, Iadecola C. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2719812. [PMID: 37162996 PMCID: PMC10168479 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2719812/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a devastating condition common in patients with Alzheimer's disease but also observed in the general population. Vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction have been implicated in CAA but the cellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related signaling mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that brain border-associated macrophages (BAM), yolk sac-derived myeloid cells closely apposed to parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels, are the source of radicals through the Aβ-binding innate immunity receptor CD36, leading to neurovascular dysfunction, CAA, and cognitive impairment. Methods: Tg2576 mice and WT littermates were transplanted with CD36 -/- or CD36 +/+ bone marrow at 12-month of age and tested at 15 months. This approach enables the repopulation of perivascular and leptomeningeal compartments with CD36 -/- BAM. Neurovascular function was tested in anesthetized mice equipped with a cranial window in which cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Amyloid pathology and cognitive function were also examined. Results: The increase in blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation (functional hyperemia) or by endothelial and smooth muscle vasoactivity was markedly attenuated in WT®Tg2576 chimeras but was fully restored in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras, in which BAM ROS production was suppressed. CAA-associated Aβ 1-40 , but not Aβ 1-42 , was reduced in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras. Similarly, CAA, but not parenchymal plaques, was reduced in CD36 -/- ®Tg2576 chimeras. These beneficial vascular effects were associated with cognitive improvement. Finally, CD36 -/- mice were able to more efficiently clear exogenous Aβ 1-40 injected into the neocortex or the striatum. Conclusions: CD36 deletion in BAM suppresses ROS production and rescues the neurovascular dysfunction and damage induced by Aβ. CD36 deletion in BAM also reduced brain Aβ 1-40 and ameliorated CAA without affecting parenchyma plaques. Lack of CD36 enhanced the vascular clearance of exogenous Aβ. Restoration of neurovascular function and attenuation of CAA resulted in a near complete rescue of cognitive function. Collectively, these data implicate CNS BAM in the pathogenesis of CAA and raise the possibility that targeting BAM CD36 is beneficial in CAA and other conditions associated with vascular Aβ deposition and damage.
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21
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Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous System: Cytoplasmic Regulator of the AKT and PKC Signaling Pathways and Extracellular "Eat-Me" Signal in Microglial Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1050-1066. [PMID: 36401705 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is an important anionic phospholipid found in eukaryotic cells and has been proven to serve as a beneficial factor in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PtdSer resides in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it is involved in regulating the AKT and PKC signaling pathways; however, it becomes exposed to the extracellular leaflet during neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases, participating in microglia-mediated synaptic and neuronal phagocytosis. In this paper, we review several characteristics of PtdSer, including the synthesis and translocation of PtdSer, the functions of cytoplasmic and exposed PtdSer, and different PtdSer-detection materials used to further understand the role of PtdSer in the nervous system.
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22
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Ryu IS, Kim DH, Cho HJ, Ryu JH. The role of microRNA-485 in neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:49-62. [PMID: 35793556 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are age-related disorders characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and neuronal cell loss in the central nervous system. Neuropathological conditions such as the accumulation of misfolded proteins can cause neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in the brain, leading to the development of NDDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally via RNA interference. Recently, some studies have reported that some miRNAs play an important role in the development of NDDs by regulating target gene expression. MiRNA-485 (miR-485) is a highly conserved brain-enriched miRNA. Accumulating clinical reports suggest that dysregulated miR-485 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. Emerging studies have also shown that miR-485 plays a novel role in the regulation of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic function in the pathogenesis of NDDs. In this review, we introduce the biological characteristics of miR-485, provide clinical evidence of the dysregulated miR-485 in NDDs, novel roles of miR-485 in neuropathological events, and discuss the potential of targeting miR-485 as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Soo Ryu
- Biorchestra Co. Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Kim
- Biorchestra Co. Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeob Ryu
- Biorchestra Co. Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, South Korea.,Biorchestra Co. Ltd., 245 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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23
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Ramos-Jiménez A, Zavala-Lira RA, Moreno-Brito V, González-Rodríguez E. FAT/CD36 Participation in Human Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010318. [PMID: 36615118 PMCID: PMC9821548 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36) is a multifunctional membrane protein activated by a high-fat diet, physical exercise, fatty acids (FAs), leptin, and insulin. The principal function of FAT/CD36 is to facilitate the transport of long-chain fatty acids through cell membranes such as myocytes, adipocytes, heart, and liver. Under high-energy expenditure, the different isoforms of FAT/CD36 in the plasma membrane and mitochondria bind to the mobilization and oxidation of FAs. Furthermore, FAT/CD36 is released in its soluble form and becomes a marker of metabolic dysfunction. Studies with healthy animals and humans show that physical exercise and a high-lipid diet increase FAT/CD36 expression and caloric expenditure. However, several aspects such as obesity, diabetes, Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and oxidative stress affect the normal FAs metabolism and function of FAT/CD36, inducing metabolic disease. Through a comprehensive systematic review of primary studies, this work aimed to document molecular mechanisms related to FAT/CD36 in FAs oxidation and trafficking in skeletal muscle under basal conditions, physical exercise, and diet in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo S/N, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruth A. Zavala-Lira
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo S/N, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Verónica Moreno-Brito
- Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Universitario Campus II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31124, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Universitario Campus II, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31124, Chihuahua, Mexico
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24
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Royo J, Camara A, Bertrand B, Batigne P, Coste A, Pipy B, Aubouy A. Kinetics of monocyte subpopulations during experimental cerebral malaria and its resolution in a model of late chloroquine treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:952993. [PMID: 36310859 PMCID: PMC9614070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.952993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe forms of malaria and is a neuropathology that can lead to death. Monocytes have been shown to accumulate in the brain microvasculature at the onset of neurological symptoms during CM. Monocytes have a remarkable ability to adapt their function to their microenvironment from pro-inflammatory to resolving activities. This study aimed to describe the behavior of monocyte subpopulations during infection and its resolution. C57BL/6 mice were infected with the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain and treated or not with chloroquine (CQ) on the first day of the onset of neurological symptoms (day 6) for 4 days and followed until day 12 to mimic neuroinflammation and its resolution during experimental CM. Ly6C monocyte subpopulations were identified by flow cytometry of cells from the spleen, peripheral blood, and brain and then quantified and characterized at different time points. In the brain, the Ly6Cint and Ly6Clow monocytes were associated with neuroinflammation, while Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint were mobilized from the peripheral blood to the brain for resolution. During neuroinflammation, CD36 and CD163 were both involved via splenic monocytes, whereas our results suggest that the low CD36 expression in the brain during the neuroinflammation phase was due to degradation. The resolution phase was characterized by increased expressions of CD36 and CD163 in blood Ly6Clow monocytes, a higher expression of CD36 in the microglia, and restored high expression levels of CD163 in Ly6Chi monocytes localized in the brain. Thus, our results suggest that increasing the expressions of CD36 and CD163 specifically in the brain during the neuroinflammatory phase contributes to its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Royo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aissata Camara
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
- Pharmacy Department, Institut de Recherche et de Développement des Plantes Médicinales et Alimentaires de Guinée (IRDPMAG), Dubréka, Guinea
| | - Benedicte Bertrand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Batigne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnes Coste
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Pipy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR152) Pharmcochimie et biologie pour le développement (PHARMADEV), Université de Toulouse, French National Research Institue for Sustainable Development (IRD), UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Agnes Aubouy,
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25
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Siepe DH, Henneberg LT, Wilson SC, Hess GT, Bassik MC, Zinn K, Garcia KC. Identification of orphan ligand-receptor relationships using a cell-based CRISPRa enrichment screening platform. eLife 2022; 11:e81398. [PMID: 36178190 PMCID: PMC9578707 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins, which include cytokines, hormones, and growth factors, are extracellular ligands that control key signaling pathways mediating cell-cell communication within and between tissues and organs. Many drugs target secreted ligands and their cell surface receptors. Still, there are hundreds of secreted human proteins that either have no identified receptors ('orphans') or are likely to act through cell surface receptors that have not yet been characterized. Discovery of secreted ligand-receptor interactions by high-throughput screening has been problematic, because the most commonly used high-throughput methods for protein-protein interaction (PPI) screening are not optimized for extracellular interactions. Cell-based screening is a promising technology for the deorphanization of ligand-receptor interactions, because multimerized ligands can enrich for cells expressing low affinity cell surface receptors, and such methods do not require purification of receptor extracellular domains. Here, we present a proteo-genomic cell-based CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) enrichment screening platform employing customized pooled cell surface receptor sgRNA libraries in combination with a magnetic bead selection-based enrichment workflow for rapid, parallel ligand-receptor deorphanization. We curated 80 potentially high-value orphan secreted proteins and ultimately screened 20 secreted ligands against two cell sgRNA libraries with targeted expression of all single-pass (TM1) or multi-pass transmembrane (TM2+) receptors by CRISPRa. We identified previously unknown interactions in 12 of these screens, and validated several of them using surface plasmon resonance and/or cell binding assays. The newly deorphanized ligands include three receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) ligands and a chemokine-like protein that binds to killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). These new interactions provide a resource for future investigations of interactions between the human-secreted and membrane proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H Siepe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Lukas T Henneberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Steven C Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Genetics, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Stanford ChEM-H, Department of Genetics, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Kai Zinn
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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26
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Luo M, Lee LKC, Peng B, Choi CHJ, Tong WY, Voelcker NH. Delivering the Promise of Gene Therapy with Nanomedicines in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201740. [PMID: 35851766 PMCID: PMC9475540 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's Diseases (PD), brain tumors, Huntington's disease (HD), and stroke, still remain difficult to treat by the conventional molecular drugs. In recent years, various gene therapies have come into the spotlight as versatile therapeutics providing the potential to prevent and treat these diseases. Despite the significant progress that has undoubtedly been achieved in terms of the design and modification of genetic modulators with desired potency and minimized unwanted immune responses, the efficient and safe in vivo delivery of gene therapies still poses major translational challenges. Various non-viral nanomedicines have been recently explored to circumvent this limitation. In this review, an overview of gene therapies for CNS diseases is provided and describes recent advances in the development of nanomedicines, including their unique characteristics, chemical modifications, bioconjugations, and the specific applications that those nanomedicines are harnessed to deliver gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnologythe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Leo Kit Cheung Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Bo Peng
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical materials & EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)ClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University14 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3800Australia
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27
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Lipid accumulation induced by APOE4 impairs microglial surveillance of neuronal-network activity. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1197-1212.e8. [PMID: 35931030 PMCID: PMC9623845 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the greatest known genetic risk factor for developing sporadic Alzheimer's disease. How the interaction of APOE4 microglia with neurons differs from microglia expressing the disease-neutral APOE3 allele remains unknown. Here, we employ CRISPR-edited induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dissect the impact of APOE4 in neuron-microglia communication. Our results reveal that APOE4 induces a lipid-accumulated state that renders microglia weakly responsive to neuronal activity. By examining the transcriptional signatures of APOE3 versus APOE4 microglia in response to neuronal conditioned media, we established that neuronal cues differentially induce a lipogenic program in APOE4 microglia that exacerbates pro-inflammatory signals. Through decreased uptake of extracellular fatty acids and lipoproteins, we identified that APOE4 microglia disrupts the coordinated activity of neuronal ensembles. These findings suggest that abnormal neuronal network-level disturbances observed in Alzheimer's disease patients harboring APOE4 may in part be triggered by impairment in lipid homeostasis in non-neuronal cells.
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Six genetically linked mutations in the CD36 gene significantly delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10994. [PMID: 35768560 PMCID: PMC9243110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a strong genetic component, also in the case of late-onset AD (LOAD). Attempts to sequence whole genome in large populations of subjects have identified only a few mutations common to most of the patients with AD. Targeting smaller well-characterized groups of subjects where specific genetic variations in selected genes could be related to precisely defined psychological traits typical of dementia is needed to better understand the heritability of AD. More than one thousand participants, categorized according to cognitive deficits, were assessed using 14 psychometric tests evaluating performance in five cognitive domains (attention/working memory, memory, language, executive functions, visuospatial functions). CD36 was selected as a gene previously shown to be implicated in the etiology of AD. A total of 174 polymorphisms were tested for associations with cognition-related traits and other AD-relevant data using the next generation sequencing. Several associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) and the cognitive deficits have been found (rs12667404 with language performance, rs3211827 and rs41272372 with executive functions, rs137984792 with visuospatial performance). The most prominent association was found between a group of genotypes in six genetically linked and the age at which the AD patients presented with, or developed, a full-blown dementia. The identified alleles appear to be associated with a delay in the onset of LOAD. In silico studies suggested that the SNP’s alter the expression of CD36 thus potentially affecting CD36-related neuroinflammation and other molecular and cellular mechanisms known to be involved in the neuronal loss leading to AD. The main outcome of the study is an identification of a set of six new mutations apparently conferring a distinct protection against AD and delaying the onset by about 8 years. Additional mutations in CD36 associated with certain traits characteristic of the cognitive decline in AD have also been found.
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29
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Li C, Hou B, Li X, Yang Z, Xie A. Role of CD36 rs1761667 AA genotype in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Parkinson's disease progression: A case-control study in a northern Han Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2022; 784:136736. [PMID: 35709881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of CD36 rs1761667 gene polymorphisms on the expression of CD36 and inflammatory cytokines and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS A total of 138 patients with PD (60 men and 78 women) and 132 healthy controls (48 men and 84 women) from a northern Han Chinese population were enrolled in this case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the CD36 rs1761667 genotype. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression of CD36, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the plasma. RESULTS The frequency of the rs1761667 AA genotype was significantly higher in patients with PD than that in healthy controls, suggesting AA genotype to be a risk factor for PD. When compared with those in healthy controls, CD36 levels were significantly lower in patients with PD, whereas IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with PD. Furthermore, GA and AA carriers with PD showed lower levels of CD36, and GG, GA, and AA carriers showed higher levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α than those in healthy controls. In the PD patient group, AA and GA carriers had lower expression levels of CD36 than GG carriers did, and CD36 levels were lower in AA carriers than in GA carriers. Conversely, AA carriers had elevated expression levels of IL-6 compared with that of GG and GA carriers. Logistic regression analysis revealed that IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were risk factors for PD in a northern Han Chinese population. CONCLUSION The CD36 rs1761667 AA genotype may increase susceptibility to PD and the expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Binghui Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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30
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Region-Specific Characteristics of Astrocytes and Microglia: A Possible Involvement in Aging and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121902. [PMID: 35741031 PMCID: PMC9220858 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different regions of the brain are dedicated to specific functions, the intra- and inter-regional heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia in these regions has not yet been fully understood. Recently, an advancement in various technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, has allowed for the discovery of astrocytes and microglia with distinct molecular fingerprints and varying functions in the brain. In addition, the regional heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia exhibits different functions in several situations, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, investigating the region-specific astrocytes and microglia is important in understanding the overall function of the brain. In this review, we summarize up-to-date research on various intra- and inter-regional heterogeneities of astrocytes and microglia, and provide information on how they can be applied to aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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31
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Lee CS, Chang CH, Chen CY, Shih CY, Peng JK, Huang HL, Chen PY, Huang TL, Chen CY, Tsai JS. Upregulation of cluster of differentiation 36 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with frailty severity in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1948-1955. [PMID: 35434940 PMCID: PMC9178156 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-associated frailty has been connected to low-grade chronic inflammation and also to progressive monocytic activation. CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36, platelet glycoprotein 4 or fatty acid translocase) has been shown to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and to activate macrophage connected inflammation. This study aims to examine whether the expression of CD36 is up-regulated among frail older adults. METHODS The demographic data, Fried Frailty Index, metabolic and inflammatory parameters of our observational study were obtained from the comprehensive geriatric assessment programme of a hospital-based outpatient department. The mRNA isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used to determine the levels of CD36, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and CXC chemokine ligand-10 (CXCL10) mRNAs with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 189 older adults (58% female) were included in the analysis, and the mean age was 77.19 ± 6.12 years. The numbers of participants who fitted in the groups of robust, pre-frail, and frail were 46, 106, and 37, respectively. Our data showed that CD36 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were the highest in the frail group (1.25 ± 0.53 in robust, 2.13 ± 1.02 in pre-frail, and 2.78 ± 1.15 in frail group, P < 0.001). Further regression analyses revealed that CD36 mRNA levels were positively correlated with both the pre-frail and frailty status in the univariate analysis (both P's < 0.001). What might suggest something worthy of further investigation is that, with potential confounders being adjusted for, CD36 remained as an independent factor that positively correlated with the pre-frail and frailty status in the multivariable analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CD36 mRNA levels in PBMCs in robust older adults are significantly lower than in pre-frail and in frail. Our findings suggest that CD36 mRNA levels in PBMCs may be considered a potential biomarker for frail severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sheng Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ying Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuei Peng
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Liang Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Le Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Zhao N, Francis NL, Song S, Kholodovych V, Calvelli HR, Hoop CL, Pang ZP, Baum J, Uhrich KE, Moghe PV. CD36-Binding Amphiphilic Nanoparticles for Attenuation of Alpha Synuclein-Induced Microglial Activation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100120. [PMID: 36051821 PMCID: PMC9426437 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks contributing to Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathology, where microglial activation occurs as one of the earliest events, triggered by extracellular alpha synuclein (aSYN) binding to the CD36 receptor. Here, CD36-binding nanoparticles (NPs) containing synthetic tartaric acid-based amphiphilic polymers (AMs) were rationally designed to inhibit this aSYN-CD36 binding. In silico docking revealed that four AMs with varying alkyl side chain lengths presented differential levels of CD36 binding affinity and that an optimal alkyl chain length would promote the strongest inhibitory activity towards aSYN-CD36 interactions. In vitro competitive binding assays indicated that the inhibitory activity of AM-based NPs plateaued at intermediate side chain lengths of 12- and 18-carbons, supporting the in silico docking predictions. These 12- and 18-carbon length AM NPs also had significantly stronger effects on reducing aSYN internalization and inhibiting the production of the proinflammatory molecules TNF-α and nitric oxide from aSYN-challenged microglia. All four NPs modulated the gene expression of aSYN-challenged microglia, downregulating the expression of the proinflammatory genes TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β, and upregulating the expression of the anti-inflammatory genes TGF-β and Arg1. Overall, this work represents a novel polymeric nanotechnology platform that can be used to modulate aSYN-induced microglial activation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Nicola L. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Chemistry, 501 Big Springs Rd., University of California, Riverside, CA, 92507 USA
| | - Vladyslav Kholodovych
- Office of Advanced Research Computing, 96 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Hannah R. Calvelli
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, 604 Allison Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, 123 Bevier Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 604 Allison Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, 89 French St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, 123 Bevier Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry, 501 Big Springs Rd., University of California, Riverside, CA, 92507 USA
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd, Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, NJ, 08854 USA
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33
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Scipioni L, Ciaramellano F, Carnicelli V, Leuti A, Lizzi AR, De Dominicis N, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Microglial Endocannabinoid Signalling in AD. Cells 2022; 11:1237. [PMID: 35406803 PMCID: PMC8997504 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently identified as a major contributor to disease pathogenesis. Once activated, microglial cells, which are brain-resident immune cells, exert several key actions, including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and the release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators, which could have opposite effects on brain homeostasis, depending on the stage of disease and the particular phenotype of microglial cells. The endocannabinoids (eCBs) are pleiotropic bioactive lipids increasingly recognized for their essential roles in regulating microglial activity both under normal and AD-driven pathological conditions. Here, we review the current literature regarding the involvement of this signalling system in modulating microglial phenotypes and activity in the context of homeostasis and AD-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scipioni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.S.); (V.C.); (A.R.L.); (N.D.D.)
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesca Ciaramellano
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Veronica Carnicelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.S.); (V.C.); (A.R.L.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Lizzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.S.); (V.C.); (A.R.L.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Noemi De Dominicis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.S.); (V.C.); (A.R.L.); (N.D.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Oddi
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.S.); (V.C.); (A.R.L.); (N.D.D.)
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (A.L.)
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Extracellular Lipids in the Lung and Their Role in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071209. [PMID: 35406772 PMCID: PMC8997955 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are major actors and regulators of physiological processes within the lung. Initial research has described their critical role in tissue homeostasis and in orchestrating cellular communication to allow respiration. Over the past decades, a growing body of research has also emphasized how lipids and their metabolism may be altered, contributing to the development and progression of chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we first describe the current working model of the mechanisms of lung fibrogenesis before introducing lipids and their cellular metabolism. We then summarize the evidence of altered lipid homeostasis during pulmonary fibrosis, focusing on their extracellular forms. Finally, we highlight how lipid targeting may open avenues to develop therapeutic options for patients with lung fibrosis.
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Tang Y, Gao J, Wang T, Zhang Q, Wang A, Huang M, Yu R, Chen H, Gao X. The effect of drug loading and multiple administration on the protein corona formation and brain delivery property of PEG-PLA nanoparticles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2043-2056. [PMID: 35847504 PMCID: PMC9279712 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles modulates their physiological interactions such as cellular association and targeting property. It has been shown that α-mangostin (αM)-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NP-αM) specifically increased low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in microglia and improved clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) after multiple administration. However, how do the nanoparticles cross the blood‒brain barrier and access microglia remain unknown. Here, we studied the brain delivery property of PEG-PLA nanoparticles under different conditions, finding that the nanoparticles exhibited higher brain transport efficiency and microglia uptake efficiency after αM loading and multiple administration. To reveal the mechanism, we performed proteomic analysis to characterize the composition of protein corona formed under various conditions, finding that both drug loading and multiple dosing affect the composition of protein corona and subsequently influence the cellular uptake of nanoparticles in b.End3 and BV-2 cells. Complement proteins, immunoglobulins, RAB5A and CD36 were found to be enriched in the corona and associated with the process of nanoparticles uptake. Collectively, we bring a mechanistic understanding about the modulator role of protein corona on targeted drug delivery, and provide theoretical basis for engineering brain or microglia-specific targeted delivery system.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transmembrane glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor class B protein (SR-B2) that serves various functions in lipid metabolism and signaling, in particular facilitating the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Recent studies have disclosed CD36 to play a prominent regulatory role in cellular fatty acid metabolism in both health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS The rate of cellular fatty acid uptake is short-term (i.e., minutes) regulated by the subcellular recycling of CD36 between endosomes and the plasma membrane. This recycling is governed by the activity of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) in the endosomal membrane via assembly and disassembly of two subcomplexes. The latter process is being influenced by metabolic substrates including fatty acids, glucose and specific amino acids, together resulting in a dynamic interplay to modify cellular substrate preference and uptake rates. Moreover, in cases of metabolic disease v-ATPase activity was found to be affected while interventions aimed at normalizing v-ATPase functioning had therapeutic potential. SUMMARY The emerging central role of CD36 in cellular lipid homeostasis and recently obtained molecular insight in the interplay among metabolic substrates indicate the applicability of CD36 as target for metabolic modulation therapy in disease. Experimental studies already have shown the feasibility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F.C. Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J.F.P. Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+
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Tsuzuki S, Kimoto Y, Marui K, Lee S, Inoue K, Sasaki T. Application of a novel fluorescence intensity assay: identification of distinct fatty acetates as volatile compounds that bind specifically to amino acid region 149-168 of a transmembrane receptor CD36. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:509-518. [PMID: 35102395 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a transmembrane receptor expressed in various cells and has diverse lipid ligands. The expression of CD36 in the murine olfactory epithelium and its ability to recognize certain species of fatty aldehydes, a class of odor-active volatile compounds, have suggested a role for this receptor in the capture of specific odorants in the nasal cavity of mammals. However, the spectrum of CD36-recognizable volatile compounds is poorly understood. In this study, we employed our recently devised assay with fluorescently labeled peptides as probes (fluorescence intensity assay) and identified distinct fatty acetates as volatile compounds that bind specifically to amino acid region 149-168 of CD36 (eg dodecyl and tetradecyl acetates). The present findings demonstrate the utility of our assay for the discovery of novel CD36 ligands and support the notion that the receptor functions as a captor of volatile compounds in the mammalian olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsuzuki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusaku Kimoto
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Marui
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinhye Lee
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Medrano-Jiménez E, Meza-Sosa KF, Urbán-Aragón JA, Secundino I, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease: The role of flavonoids and microRNAs. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:47-77. [PMID: 35293018 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1021-531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. Microglial activation is an important pathologic hallmark of AD. During disease progression, microglial cells switch from an alternative or anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective profile (M2) to a classic or proinflammatory and neurotoxic profile (M1). Phenotypically, M1 microglia is characterized by the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways that cause increased expression of proinflammatory genes, including those coding for cytokines and chemokines. This microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal cell death. Recent studies in microglial cells have shown that a group of plant-derived compounds, known as flavonoids, possess anti-inflammatory properties and therefore exert a neuroprotective effect through regulating microglia activation. Here, we discuss how flavonoids can promote the switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in microglia and how this represents a valuable opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to blunt neuroinflammation and boost neuronal recovery in AD. We also review how certain flavonoids can inhibit neuroinflammation through their action on the expression of microglia-specific microRNAs (miRNAs), which also constitute a key therapeutic approach in different neuropathologies involving an inflammatory component, including AD. Finally, we propose novel targets of microglia-specific miRNAs that may be considered for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Medrano-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Karla F Meza-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José A Urbán-Aragón
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ismael Secundino
- Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Facultad de Odontología y Escuela de Veterinaria, León-Guanajuato, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Ko CY, Xu JH, Chang YW, Lo YM, Wu JSB, Huang WC, Shen SC. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Phagocytosis of Oligomeric Beta-Amyloid1–42 in BV-2 Mouse Microglial Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788723. [PMID: 35095473 PMCID: PMC8790469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the enhancing effect of vitamin-like alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on phagocytosis of oligomeric beta-amyloid (oAβ)1–42 in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Methods: An in vitro model was established to investigate phagocytosis of oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the morphology of prepared oAβ1–42 was spherical particles. BV-2 cells treated with ALA were incubated with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled oAβ1–42 (FAM-oAβ1–42) for 24 h, followed by flow cytometer analysis, western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis to assess the in vitro phagocytosis ability of oAβ1–42. Results: Alpha-lipoic acid significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the CD36 receptor in BV-2 cells. ICC analysis showed that ALA significantly elevated CD36 protein expression in BV-2 cells both with and without oAβ1–42 treatment. Results from the flow cytometry analysis indicated that the CD36 receptor inhibitor significantly attenuated ALA-promoted phagocytosis of FAM-oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Moreover, ICC analysis revealed that ALA caused the translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is known to regulate the expression of CD36 mRNA in BV-2 cells. ALA also elevated both the mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 in BV-2 cells. Conclusion: We postulated that ALA enhances oAβ1–42 phagocytosis by upregulating the COX-2/15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2/PPAR-γ/CD36 pathway in BV-2 cells. Finally, future studies should be conducted with an in vivo study to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Szu-Chuan Shen,
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Luo Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Qi B, Lin J, Lin WW, Sun C, Zhou Y, Huang J, Xu Y, Chen J, Chen S. Exercise Modifies the Transcriptional Regulatory Features of Monocytes in Alzheimer's Patients: A Multi-Omics Integration Analysis Based on Single Cell Technology. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:881488. [PMID: 35592698 PMCID: PMC9110789 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.881488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes have been reported to be important mediators of the protective effect of exercise against the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aims explored the mechanism by which monocytes achieve this. Using single cell transcriptome analysis, results showed that CD14 + and CD16 + monocytes interacted with other cells in the circulating blood. TNF, CCR1, APP, and AREG, the key ligand-receptor-related genes, were found to be differentially expressed between exercise-treated and AD patients. The SCENIC analysis was performed to identify individual clusters of the key transcription factors (TFs). Nine clusters (M1-M9) were obtained from the co-expression network. Among the identified TFs, MAFB, HES4, and FOSL1 were found to be differentially expressed in AD. Moreover, the M4 cluster to which MAFB, HES4, and FOSL1 belonged was defined as the signature cluster for AD phenotype. Differential analysis by bulkRNA-seq revealed that the expression of TNF, CCR1, and APP were all upregulated after exercise (p < 0.05). And ATF3, MAFB, HES4, and KLF4 that were identified in M4 clusters may be the TFs that regulate TNF, CCR1, and APP in exercise prescription. After that, APP, CCR1, TNF, ATF3, KLF4, HES4, and MAFB formed a regulatory network in the ERADMT gene set, and all of them were mechanistically linked. The ERADMT gene set has been found to be a potential risk marker for the development of AD and can be used as an indicator of compliance to exercise therapy in AD patients. Using single-cell integration analysis, a network of exercise-regulating TFs in monocytes was constructed for AD disease. The constructed network reveals the mechanism by which exercise regulated monocytes to confer therapeutic benefits against AD and its complications. However, this study, as a bioinformatic research, requires further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo People’ s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiebin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhen Xu,
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jiwu Chen,
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shiyi Chen,
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41
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Layunta E, Buey B, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748254. [PMID: 34819919 PMCID: PMC8607755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut-brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota-host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut-brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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42
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Parodi-Rullán RM, Javadov S, Fossati S. Dissecting the Crosstalk between Endothelial Mitochondrial Damage, Vascular Inflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112903. [PMID: 34831125 PMCID: PMC8616424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is pathologically characterized by the presence of parenchymal senile plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulation of Aβ also occurs within the cerebral vasculature in over 80% of AD patients and in non-demented individuals, a condition called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The development of CAA is associated with neurovascular dysfunction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and persistent vascular- and neuro-inflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Although pathologically AD and CAA are well characterized diseases, the chronology of molecular changes that lead to their development is still unclear. Substantial evidence demonstrates defects in mitochondrial function in various cells of the neurovascular unit as well as in the brain parenchyma during the early stages of AD and CAA. Dysfunctional mitochondria release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate a wide range of inflammatory pathways. In this review, we gather evidence to postulate a crucial role of the mitochondria, specifically of cerebral endothelial cells, as sensors and initiators of Aβ-induced vascular inflammation. The activated vasculature recruits circulating immune cells into the brain parenchyma, leading to the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Parodi-Rullán
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00921, USA;
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-707-6046
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43
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Sharma N, Tan MA, An SSA. Mechanistic Aspects of Apiaceae Family Spices in Ameliorating Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1571. [PMID: 34679705 PMCID: PMC8533116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. In an effort to search for new strategies for treating AD, natural products have become candidates of choice. Plants are a rich source of bioactive and effective compounds used in treating numerous diseases. Various plant extracts are known to display neuroprotective activities by targeting different pathophysiological pathways in association with the diseases, such as inhibiting enzymes responsible for degrading neurotransmitters, reducing oxidative stress, neuroprotection, inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, and replenishing mitochondrial function. This review presented a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico) on the neuroprotective mechanisms displayed by the extracts/bioactive compounds from spices belonging to the Apiaceae family in ameliorating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam 461-701, Korea;
| | - Mario A. Tan
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam 461-701, Korea;
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44
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Gottwald J, Röcken C. The amyloid proteome: a systematic review and proposal of a protein classification system. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:526-542. [PMID: 34311636 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1937926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease caused by pathological fibril aggregation and deposition of proteins in different tissues and organs. Thirty-six fibril-forming proteins have been identified. So far, proteomic evaluation of amyloid focused on the detection and characterization of fibril proteins mainly for diagnostic purposes or to find novel fibril-forming proteins. However, amyloid deposits are a complex mixture of constituents that show organ-, tissue-, and amyloid-type specific patterns, that is the amyloid proteome. We carried out a comprehensive literature review on publications investigating amyloid via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, including but not limited to sample preparation by laser microdissection. Our review confirms the complexity and dynamics of the amyloid proteome, which can be divided into four functional categories: amyloid proteome-category 1 (APC1) includes exclusively fibrillary proteins found in the patient; APC2 includes potential fibril-forming proteins found in other types of amyloid; and APC3 and APC4 summarizes non-fibril proteins-some being amyloid signature proteins. Our categorization may help to systemically explore the nature and role of the amyloid proteome in the manifestation, progression, and clearance of disease. Further exploration of the amyloid proteome may form the basis for the development of novel diagnostic tools, thereby enabling the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Gottwald
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Indyk D, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Gamian A, Kuzan A. Advanced glycation end products and their receptors in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13264. [PMID: 34168187 PMCID: PMC8225908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic process involving the reaction of reducing sugars or reactive oxoaldehyde with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The presented work discusses the glycation process in people with advanced stage of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The concentration of different AGEs and their receptors for 58 serum samples was determined by ELISA and by spectrofluorimetric methods. In addition to fluorescent low molecular weight and protein-bound AGEs, we have also marked a new class of AGEs: melibiose-derived glycation product (MAGE). Our attention was also focused on the two groups of AGEs receptors: scavenger receptors (SR-A and SR-B) and RAGE. The correlation between the SR-AI scavenging receptors concentration and the fluorescence of AGEs as well as diabetes biological markers: GFR, creatinine contentration and HbA1c was demonstrated. A relationship between the concentration of AGEs and their receptors was also found in serum sample of patients treated with the metformin and aspirin. Furthermore, the concentration of SR-AI scavenger and the fluorescence of total AGEs was significantly lower in treated patients than in non treated patients. AGEs have also been found to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetic complications, what could be deduced from the correlation of AGEs level and HDL cholesterol or uric acid level. Thus, it was confirmed that AGEs are involved in the pathomechanism of diabetes and other degenerative diseases. Nowadays, it is believed that AGEs due to the long time remaining in the body may be an important diagnostic marker. Their determination may allow monitoring the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Indyk
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Willis CM, Hamel R, Krzak G, Pluchino S. Metabolic Control of Smoldering Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705920. [PMID: 34249016 PMCID: PMC8262770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence exists that patients with chronic neurological conditions, which includes progressive multiple sclerosis, display pathological changes in neural metabolism and mitochondrial function. However, it is unknown if a similar degree of metabolic dysfunction occurs also in non-neural cells in the central nervous system. Specifically, it remains to be clarified (i) the full extent of metabolic changes in tissue-resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages after prolonged neuroinflammation (e.g., at the level of chronic active lesions), and (ii) whether these alterations underlie a unique pathogenic phenotype that is amenable for therapeutic targeting. Herein, we discuss how cell metabolism and mitochondrial function govern the function of chronic active microglia and macrophages brain infiltrates and identify new metabolic targets for therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing smoldering neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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