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Lozano-Ordaz V, Rodriguez-Miguez Y, Ortiz-Cabrera AE, Hernandez-Bazan S, Mata-Espinosa D, Barrios-Payan J, Saavedra R, Hernandez-Pando R. Beneficial or detrimental activity of regulatory T cells, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and heme oxygenase-1 in the lungs is influenced by the level of virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1105872. [PMID: 37284503 PMCID: PMC10239976 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the main cause of death by a single bacterial agent. Last year, TB was the second leading infectious killer after SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, many biological and immunological aspects of TB are not completely elucidated, such as the complex process of immunoregulation mediated by regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). In this study, the contribution of these immunoregulatory factors was compared in mice infected with Mtb strains with different levels of virulence. First Balb/c mice were infected by intratracheal route, with a high dose of mild virulence reference strain H37Rv or with a highly virulent clinical isolate (strain 5186). In the lungs of infected mice, the kinetics of Treg cells during the infection were determined by cytofluorometry and the expression of IDO and HO-1 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Then, the contribution of immune-regulation mediated by Treg cells, IDO and HO-1, was evaluated by treating infected animals with specific cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies for Treg cells depletion anti-CD25 (PC61 clone) or by blocking IDO and HO-1 activity using specific inhibitors (1-methyl-D,L-tryptophan or zinc protoporphyrin-IX, respectively). Mice infected with the mild virulent strain showed a progressive increment of Treg cells, showing this highest number at the beginning of the late phase of the infection (28 days), the same trend was observed in the expression of both enzymes being macrophages the cells that showed the highest immunostaining. Animals infected with the highly virulent strain showed lower survival (34 days) and higher amounts of Treg cells, as well as higher expression of IDO and HO-1 one week before. In comparison with non-treated animals, mice infected with strain H37Rv with depletion of Treg cells or treated with the enzymes blockers during late infection showed a significant decrease of bacilli loads, higher expression of IFN-g and lower IL-4 but with a similar extension of inflammatory lung consolidation determined by automated morphometry. In contrast, the depletion of Treg cells in infected mice with the highly virulent strain 5186 produced diffuse alveolar damage that was similar to severe acute viral pneumonia, lesser survival and increase of bacillary loads, while blocking of both IDO and HO-1 produced high bacillary loads and extensive pneumonia with necrosis. Thus, it seems that Treg cells, IDO and HO-1 activities are detrimental during late pulmonary TB induced by mild virulence Mtb, probably because these factors decrease immune protection mediated by the Th1 response. In contrast, Treg cells, IDO and HO-1 are beneficial when the infection is produced by a highly virulent strain, by regulation of excessive inflammation that produced alveolar damage, pulmonary necrosis, acute respiratory insufficiency, and rapid death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasti Lozano-Ordaz
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rodriguez-Miguez
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel E. Ortiz-Cabrera
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sujhey Hernandez-Bazan
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Saavedra
- Immunology Deparment, Biomedical Research Insitute, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
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Antiliver Fibrosis Formula of Fuzheng Huayu Alleviates Inflammatory Response. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5752803. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5752803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuzheng Huayu’s (FZHY) formula ameliorated liver fibrosis in clinical and experimental practice. Based on the close link between fibrosis and inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effect and related mechanisms were explored in this present study. With the aid of the inflammatory macrophage model, FZHY significantly blocked nitrite accumulation without observable cytotoxicity due to its suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expressions in a concentration-depended manner. Proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, CD86, and CD40 were also restrained by FZHY. Interestingly, FZHY induced anti-inflammatory mediators heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) expressions simultaneously. Downregulation of iNOS and miR-155 and upregulation of PPAR-γ were also observed in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice upon FZHY administration. Mechanically, FZHY strikingly eliminated the phosphorylation of STAT1 and MAPK. Taken together, FZYH regulated the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators partially via modulating STAT1/MAPK pathways and the miR-155/PPAR-γ axis.
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Qiburi Q, Ganbold T, Aoqier A, Yang D, Su Z, Bao M, He M, Gaowa S, Temuqile T, Baigude H. Analysis and identification of key anti-inflammatory molecules in Eerdun Wurile and exploration of their mechanism of action in microglia. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123458. [PMID: 36183605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethnomedicine Eerdun Wurile (EW) can significantly promote poststroke neuro-recovery through modulation of microglia polarization. Fraction 4-6 (F4-6) isolated from EW via serial fractionation inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in LPS stimulated microglia. However, the key active molecules of F4-6 have not been identified. Herein, we identified alantolactone (Ala) and dehydrodiisoeugenol (Deh) as the active anti-inflammatory components of F4-6 by UPLC-qTof MS analysis. We confirmed that, F4-6, Ala, Deh and mixture of Ala and Deh (Mix) downregulate the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes including Ccl2, Cox2 and Il6 in LPS-treated microglia in a similar pattern. At the same time upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory genes including Hmox1, Tgfβ, Igf1 and Creb1. Moreover, the conditioned culture media obtained from F4-6 treated microglia significantly enhanced proliferation of N2a cells, and promoted neurite outgrowth possibly through upregulation of Nefh and Dlg4. Mechanistically, F4-6 strongly downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65, while also inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65, leading to the suppression of transcription of pro-inflammatory genes initiated by NF-κB. Collectively, our data identified and quantified the key chemicals of EW and provide insights into the optimization of the herbal composition for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiburi Qiburi
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Aoqier Aoqier
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Su
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Mingming Bao
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Saren Gaowa
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China
| | - Temuqile Temuqile
- International Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, PR China.
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Blanco J, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Arola L, Minghetti L, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:806. [PMID: 34071571 PMCID: PMC8229786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43202 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08020 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
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5
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Hedetoft M, Jensen PØ, Moser C, Vinkel J, Hyldegaard O. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment impacts oxidative stress markers in patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infection. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1330-1338. [PMID: 34006573 PMCID: PMC8485130 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) is a rare, severe, and fast-progressing bacterial infection associated with a high risk of developing sepsis or septic shock. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is crucial in the development and progression of sepsis, but its role in NSTI specifically has not been investigated. Some patients with NSTI receive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment as the restoration of oxidative stress balance is considered an important mechanism of action, which HBO2 facilitates. However, a gap in knowledge exists regarding the effect of HBO2 treatment on oxidative stress in patients with NSTI. In the present observational study, we aimed to investigate HBO2 treatment effects on known markers of oxidative stress in patients with NSTI. We measured plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nitrite+nitrate in 80 patients with NSTI immediately before and after their first HBO2 treatment, and on the following day. We found that HBO2 treatment was associated with a significant increase in MPO and SOD by a median of 3.4 and 8.8 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, we observed an HBO2 treatment-associated increase in HO-1 in patients presenting with septic shock (n=39) by a median of 301.3 pg/mL. All markers were significantly higher in patients presenting with septic shock compared to patients without shock, and all markers correlated with disease severity. High baseline SOD was associated with 90-day mortality. In conclusion, HBO2 treatment was associated with an increase in MPO and SOD in patients with NSTI, and oxidative stress was more pronounced in patients with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hedetoft
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Vinkel
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Hyldegaard
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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The dual reno- and neuro-protective effects of dimethyl fumarate against uremic encephalopathy in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:969-983. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Murakami Y, Kawata A, Suzuki S, Fujisawa S. Cytotoxicity and Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cinnamates, Acrylates and Methacrylates Against RAW264.7 Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1309-1322. [PMID: 30348683 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease linked to various systemic age-related conditions. It is known that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as dietary cinnamates (β-phenyl acrylates) and related (meth)acrylates can have various positive and negative health effects, including cytotoxicity, allergic activity, pro-and anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity. To clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without a phenolic group in the context of periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, we investigated the cytotoxicity and up-regulatory/down-regulatory effect of three trans-cinnamates (trans-cinnamic acid, methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamaldehyde), two acrylates (ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), and three methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) using RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK-8) and mRNA expression was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of expression of mRNAs for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox2), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa) and heme oxygenase 1 (Ho1). RESULTS The most cytotoxic compound was 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, followed by ethyl acrylate and cinnamaldehyde (50% lethal cytotoxic concentration, LC50=0.2-0.5 mM). Cox2 mRNA expression was up-regulated by cinnamaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, particularly by the former. In contrast, the up-regulatory effect on Nos2 mRNA expression was in the order: cinnamaldehyde >> ethyl acrylate ≈ triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate >> methyl methacrylate ≈ methyl cinnamate. On the other hand, cinnamic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate had no effect on gene expression. The two acrylates, but not cinnamates and methacrylates, up-regulated the expression of Ho1 mRNA at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 0.1 mM. Expression of Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa mRNAs induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was greatly suppressed by cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and the two acrylates at 0.1 mM (p<0.05), and slightly, but significantly suppressed by cinnamic acid and methacrylates at 0.1-1 mM (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde and acrylates exhibited both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties, possibly due to their marked ability to act as Michael reaction acceptors, as estimated from the beta-carbon 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Methyl cinnamate exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with less cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory activity, suggesting that this compound may be useful for treatment of periodontal disease and related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiji Suzuki
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fujisawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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8
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Sugiyama Y, Hiraiwa Y, Hagiya Y, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Ogura SI. 5-Aminolevulinic acid regulates the immune response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:41. [PMID: 30567499 PMCID: PMC6300011 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are crucial players in a variety of inflammatory responses to environmental cues. However, it has been widely reported that macrophages cause chronic inflammation and are involved in a variety of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In this study, we report the suppressive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), via the HO-1-related system, on the immune response of the LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. RESULTS RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS with or without ALA, and proinflammatory mediator expression levels and phagocytic ability were assessed. ALA treatment resulted in the attenuation of iNOS and NO expression and the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, cyclooxygenase2, IL-1β, IL-6). In addition, ALA treatment did not affect the phagocytic ability of macrophages. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effect of ALA on macrophage function. Our findings suggest that ALA may have high potential as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we showed that exogenous addition of ALA induces HO-1 and leads to the downregulation of NO and some proinflammatory cytokines. These findings support ALA as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sugiyama
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukari Hiraiwa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hagiya
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Tohru Tanaka
- SBI Pharma CO., LTD., Roppongi, Tokyo, 106-6020 Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Ogura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
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9
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Park SA, Lee MH, Na HK, Surh YJ. 4-Hydroxyestradiol induces mammary epithelial cell transformation through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 overexpression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:164-178. [PMID: 27438141 PMCID: PMC5352084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) undergoes oxidative metabolism by CYP1B1 to form 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a putative carcinogenic metabolite of estrogen. Our previous study showed that 4-OHE2-induced production of reactive oxygen species contributed to neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. In this study, 4-OHE2, but not E2, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a sensor and regulator of oxidative stress, in MCF-10A cells. Silencing the HO-1 gene in MCF-10A cells suppressed 4-OHE2-induced cell proliferation and transformation. In addition, subcutaneous administration of 4-OHE2 markedly enhanced the growth of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts, which was retarded by zinc protoporphyrin, a pharmacological inhibitor of HO-1. 4-OHE2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We speculate that an electrophilic quinone formed as a consequence of oxidation of 4-OHE2 binds directly to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an inhibitory protein that sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm. This will diminish association between Nrf2 and Keap1. 4-OHE2 failed to interrupt the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 and to induce HO-1 expression in Keap1-C273S or C288S mutant cells. Lano-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in MCF-10A-Keap1-WT cells which were treated with 4-OHE2 revealed that the peptide fragment containing Cys288 gained a molecular mass of 287.15 Da, equivalent to the addition of a single molecule of 4-OHE2-derived ortho-quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Aye Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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10
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Yang SH, Le B, Androutsopoulos VP, Tsukamoto C, Shin TS, Tsatsakis AM, Chung G. Anti-inflammatory effects of soyasapogenol I-αa via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:211-217. [PMID: 29407474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The crude extract of soyasaponins was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. We determined the new purity group I saponin, I-αa and I-γa that was isolated from wild soybean (Glycine soja) in terms of its efficacy in protecting RAW 264.7 macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimuli. Cells were treated with soyasaponin I-αa/I-γa (30-300 μΜ) and LPS (0.1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Soyasaponin I-αa inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production at 100 μg/mL, while soyasaponin I-γa demonstrated this effect at a higher concentration (200 μg/mL). The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were downregulated by both soyasaponins. Soyasaponin I-αa exerted its effect via the TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines. However, soyasaponin I-γa only inhibited the expression of TNF-α. The inflammatory effect of group I soyasaponin was mainly mediated via the phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK proteins. Collectively, these results suggested the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soyasaponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Le
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tae-Sun Shin
- Division of Food & Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Chan CK, Tan LTH, Andy SN, Kamarudin MNA, Goh BH, Kadir HA. Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of Elephantopus scaber L. via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Inhibition of p38 MAPK Pathway in LPS-Induced Microglia BV-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:397. [PMID: 28680404 PMCID: PMC5478732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephantopus scaber L. (family: Asteraceae) has been traditionally utilized as a folkloric medicine and scientifically shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in various in vivo inflammatory models. Given the lack of study on the effect of E. scaber in neuroinflammation, this study aimed to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect and the underlying mechanisms of ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of E. scaber (ESEAF) on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia cells (BV-2). Present findings showed that ESEAF markedly attenuated the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus concomitantly with the significant mitigation on the LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These inflammatory responses were reduced via the inhibition of p38. Besides, ESEAF was shown to possess antioxidant activities evident by the DPPH and SOD scavenging activities. The intracellular catalase enzyme activity was enhanced by ESEAF in the LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, the formation of ROS induced by LPS in BV-2 cells was reduced upon the exposure to ESEAF. Intriguingly, the reduction of ROS was found in concerted with the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1. It is conceivable that the activation promotes the scavenging power of antioxidant enzymes as well as to ameliorate the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Finally, the safety profile analysis through oral administration of ESEAF at 2000 mg/kg did not result in any mortalities, adverse effects nor histopathologic abnormalities of organs in mice. Taken altogether, the cumulative findings suggested that ESEAF holds the potential to develop as nutraceutical for the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chim-Kei Chan
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSubang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shathiswaran N Andy
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaSubang Jaya, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Kim KM, Heo DR, Kim YA, Lee J, Kim NS, Bang OS. Coniferaldehyde inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis through the PKC α/β II/Nrf-2/HO-1 dependent pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:85-93. [PMID: 27770660 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coniferaldehyde (CA) exerts anti-inflammatory properties by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). To define the regulation mechanism by which CA induces a cytoprotective function and HO-1 expression, the up-stream regulations involved in the activation of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2/HO-1 pathway were investigated. CA dramatically increased the Nrf-2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and cell death were down-regulated by CA, which were reversed by inhibition of HO-1 activity. Furthermore, CA specifically enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) α/β II. Selective inhibition of PKC α/β II using Go6976 or siRNA abolished the CA-induced Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, and consequently suppressed the cytoprotective activity of CA on the LPS-induced cell death. Together, our results elucidate the regulatory mechanism of PKC α/β II as the upstream molecule of Nrf-2 required for HO-1 expression during CA-induced anti-inflammatory cytoprotective function in LPS stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Rim Heo
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-A Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - No Soo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Bang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Riquelme SA, Carreño LJ, Espinoza JA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Alvarez-Lobos MM, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Modulation of antigen processing by haem-oxygenase 1. Implications on inflammation and tolerance. Immunology 2016; 149:1-12. [PMID: 26938875 PMCID: PMC4981612 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of haem that can suppress inflammation, through the production of carbon monoxide (CO). It has been shown in several experimental models that genetic and pharmacological induction of HO-1, as well as non-toxic administration of CO, can reduce inflammatory diseases, such as endotoxic shock, type 1 diabetes and graft rejection. Recently, it was shown that the HO-1/CO system can alter the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and reduce T-cell priming, which can be beneficial during immune-driven inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which the HO-1 and CO reduce both APC- and T-cell-driven immunity are just beginning to be elucidated. In this article we discuss recent findings related to the immune regulatory capacity of HO-1 and CO at the level of recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell priming by APCs. Finally, we propose a possible regulatory role for HO-1 and CO over the recently described mitochondria-dependent immunity. These concepts could contribute to the design of new therapeutic tools for inflammation-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Riquelme
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), Science and Technology Center (CCT) of Mendoza, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel M Alvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Zhang JL, Xu B, Huang XD, Gao YH, Chen Y, Shan AS. Selenium Deficiency Affects the mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Factors and Selenoprotein Genes in the Kidneys of Broiler Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:201-7. [PMID: 26400650 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Se deficiency on the transcription of inflammatory factors and selenoprotein genes in the kidneys of broiler chicks. One hundred fifty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to two groups fed with either a low-Se diet (L group, 0.033 mg/kg Se) or an adequate Se diet (C group, 0.2 mg/kg Se). The levels of uric acid (UA) and creatinine (Cr) in the serum and the mRNA levels of 6 inflammatory factors and 25 selenoprotein genes in the kidneys were measured as the clinical signs of Se deficiency occurred at 20 days old. The results indicated that the contents of UA and Cr in the serum increased in L group (p < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors (NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α) increased in L group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of PTGEs and HO-1 were not changed. In addition, 25 selenoprotein transcripts displayed ubiquitous expression in the kidneys of the chicks. The mRNA levels of 14 selenoprotein genes (Dio1, Dio2, GPx3, Sepp1, SelH, SelI, SelK, Sepn1, SelO, SelW, Sep15, SelT, SelU, and SelS) decreased, and 9 selenoprotein genes (GPx1, GPx2, GPx4, SelPb, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Txnrd3, SPS2, and SelM) increased in L group (p < 0.05), but the Dio3 and Sepx1 mRNA levels did not change. The results indicated that Se deficiency resulted in kidney dysfunction, activation of the NF-κB pathway, and a change in selenoprotein gene expression. The changes of inflammatory factor and selenoprotein gene expression levels were directly related to the abnormal renal functions induced by Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Polytechnic, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Polytechnic, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Shan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Cho WK, Ha JH, Lee SJ, Ma JY. Inhibitory Effects of Epimedium Herb on the Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26224028 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epimedium Herb (EH) is a medicinal herb used in traditional Eastern Asia. In this study described, we investigated the biological effects of Epimedium Herb water extract (EHWE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in macrophages and local inflammation in vivo. We also investigated the biological effects of EHWE on the production of inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and related products, as well as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The analgesic effect of the acetic acid-induced writhing response and inhibitory activity on xylene-induced ear edema was also evaluated in mice. EHWE exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. In addition, EHWE strongly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a NO synthesis enzyme, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and inhibited NF-κB activation as well as MAPK pathway phosphorylation. Furthermore, EHWE exhibited an analgesic effect on the writhing response and an inhibitory effect on ear edema in mice. For the first time, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory mechanism in macrophages, as well as the inhibitory activity of EHWE in vivo. Our results indicate a potential use of EHWE as an inflammatory therapeutic agent developed from a natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Ha
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Toxicity Screening Research Center, Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 660-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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16
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Triboulet S, Aude-Garcia C, Armand L, Collin-Faure V, Chevallet M, Diemer H, Gerdil A, Proamer F, Strub JM, Habert A, Herlin N, Van Dorsselaer A, Carrière M, Rabilloud T. Comparative proteomic analysis of the molecular responses of mouse macrophages to titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles unravels some toxic mechanisms for copper oxide nanoparticles in macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124496. [PMID: 25902355 PMCID: PMC4406518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles are more and more widely used because of their catalytic properties, of their light absorbing properties (titanium dioxide) or of their biocidal properties (copper oxide), increasing the risk of adverse health effects. In this frame, the responses of mouse macrophages were studied. Both proteomic and targeted analyses were performed to investigate several parameters, such as phagocytic capacity, cytokine release, copper release, and response at sub toxic doses. Besides titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles, copper ions were used as controls. We also showed that the overall copper release in the cell does not explain per se the toxicity observed with copper oxide nanoparticles. In addition, both copper ion and copper oxide nanoparticles, but not titanium oxide, induced DNA strands breaks in macrophages. As to functional responses, the phagocytic capacity was not hampered by any of the treatments at non-toxic doses, while copper ion decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and nitric oxide productions. The proteomic analyses highlighted very few changes induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles, but an induction of heme oxygenase, an increase of glutathione synthesis and a decrease of tetrahydrobiopterin in response to copper oxide nanoparticles. Subsequent targeted analyses demonstrated that the increase in glutathione biosynthesis and the induction of heme oxygenase (e.g. by lovastatin/monacolin K) are critical for macrophages to survive a copper challenge, and that the intermediates of the catecholamine pathway induce a strong cross toxicity with copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Triboulet
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CEA/ iRTSV, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS UMR5249, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Armand
- Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mireille Chevallet
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CEA/ iRTSV, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adèle Gerdil
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Unité MIxte de recherche S949 Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Habert
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Herlin
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS UMR5249, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 dysregulation in the brain: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:174-88. [PMID: 24862327 PMCID: PMC4155834 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 280 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Suk Lee D, Kim BN, Lim S, Lee J, Kim J, Jeong JG, Kim S. Effective suppression of nitric oxide production by HX106N through transcriptional control of heme oxygenase-1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1136-46. [PMID: 25605059 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214567612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been suggested to be a key neuroprotective enzyme because of its widespread distribution in the brain as well as its strong antioxidative effects. HX106N, a water-soluble botanical formulation, has previously been demonstrated to prevent amyloid β-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice by upregulating HO-1 levels. In this study, the underlying molecular mechanisms of HX106N-induced HO-1 expression were investigated using BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, and primary microglia. Treatment with HX106N induced the expression of HO-1 at the transcriptional level through the stress-responsive element-containing enhancer present in the ho-1 promoter. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was activated in cells treated with HX106N. The results from knockdown assay showed that small interfering RNA of Nrf2 attenuated HX106N-mediated HO-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibitors of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases suppressed the HX106N-mediated induction of HO-1. The NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by HX106N and played a role in HX106N-induced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, HO-1 and one of its by-products during the enzymatic degradation of heme, CO, were found to be involved in HX106N-mediated suppression of NO production. Taken together, these data indicate that HX106N exerts potent antioxidative effects by increasing the expression of HO-1 through multiple signaling pathways, leading to the suppression of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Suk Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea ViroMed Co., Ltd., Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Binna N Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seonung Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Junsub Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | - Sunyoung Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea ViroMed Co., Ltd., Seoul 151-747, Korea
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19
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Zhang F, Liu H, Jiang G, Wang H, Wang X, Wang H, Fang R, Cai S, Du J. Changes in the proteomic profile during the differential polarization status of the human monocyte-derived macrophage THP-1 cell line. Proteomics 2015; 15:773-86. [PMID: 25411139 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic populations that are an essential component of inflammation and host defense. To understand how macrophages respond to cytokine signals, we used 2DE to identify protein profiles in macrophages stimulated with interleukin 4 (M2) and those stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ (M1). In total, 32 differentially expressed proteins in THP-1 cells were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. The different proteins were mainly involved in cellular structure, protein metabolism, stress response, oxidative response, and nitric oxide production during macrophage polarization. In particular, proteins playing important roles in production of nitric oxide (NO) were downregulated in M2 macrophages. Many antioxidant and heat shock proteins, which are related to oxidative response, were upregulated in M2 macrophages. More importantly, a remarkable decrease in intracellular ROS and NO production were detected in M2 macrophages. Our results provide a proteomic profile of differentially polarized macrophages and validate the function of the identified proteins, which may indicate possible mechanism of macrophage polarization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Cho WK, Ha JH, Gu MJ, Ma JY. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of pyeongwisan on LPS-stimulated murine macrophages and mouse models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and xylene-induced ear edema. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1232-51. [PMID: 25569097 PMCID: PMC4307301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyeongwisan (PW) is an herbal medication used in traditional East Asian medicine to treat anorexia, abdominal distension, borborygmus and diarrhea caused by gastric catarrh, atony and dilatation. However, its effects on inflammation-related diseases are unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of PW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in macrophages and on local inflammation in vivo. We investigated the biological effects of PW on the production of inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and related products as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, we evaluated the analgesic effect on the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the inhibitory activity on xylene-induced ear edema in mice. PW showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In addition, PW strongly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a NO synthesis enzyme, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and inhibited NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. Also, PW suppressed TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine production in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells. Furthermore, PW showed an analgesic effect on the writhing response and an inhibitory effect on mice ear edema. We demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory mechanism in macrophages as well as inhibitory activity of PW in vivo for the first time. Our results suggest the potential value of PW as an inflammatory therapeutic agent developed from a natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ho Ha
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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Yoo SJ, Nakra NK, Ronnett GV, Moon C. Protective Effects of Inducible HO-1 on Oxygen Toxicity in Rat Brain Endothelial Microvessel Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:356-62. [PMID: 25309795 PMCID: PMC4192800 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion in ischemia is believed to generate cytotoxic oxidative stress, which mediates reperfusion injury. These stress conditions can initiate lipid peroxidation and damage to proteins, as well as promote DNA strand breaks. As biliverdin and bilirubin produced by heme oxygenase isoform 1 (HO-1) have antioxidant properties, the production of both antioxidants by HO-1 may help increase the resistance of the ischemic brain to oxidative stress. In the present study, the survival effect of HO-1 was confirmed using hemin. METHODS To confirm the roles of HO-1, carbon monoxide, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate further in the antioxidant effect of HO-1 and bilirubin, cells were treated with cycloheximide, desferoxamine, and zinc deuteroporphyrin IX 2,4 bis glycol, respectively. RESULTS HO-1 itself acted as an antioxidant. Furthermore, iron, rather than carbon monoxide, was involved in the HO-1-mediated survival effect. HO-1 activity was also important in providing bilirubin as an antioxidant. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that HO-1 helped to increase the resistance of the ischemic brain to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Yoo
- Department of Brain Science, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Neal K. Nakra
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriele V. Ronnett
- Department of Brain Science, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain Science, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeungbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Ha JH, Cho WK, Ma JY. Oryeongsan inhibits LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators via blockade of the NF-kappaB, MAPK pathways and leads to HO-1 induction in macrophage cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:242. [PMID: 25023125 PMCID: PMC4223373 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oryeongsan (OR) is an herbal medication used in east-Asian traditional medicine to treat dysuresia, such as urinary frequency, hematuria, and dysuria due to renal disease and chronic nephritis. Recent studies showed that protective effect against acute gastric mucosal injury and an inhibitory effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway of OR. However, its effect on inflammation still remains unknown. In this study, to provide insight into the biological effects of OR, we investigated their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. METHODS We investigated the pharmacological and biological effects of OR on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and related products through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Also, we examined the activation and suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages via Western blot analysis in order to explore inhibitory mechanism of OR. RESULTS OR had anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 beta. In addition, it strongly suppressed cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO synthesizing enzymes. It also induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and inhibited NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation and phosphorylation of MAPKs. CONCLUSIONS We further demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory mechanism of OR in LPS-stimulated macrophages for the first time. OR contains strong anti-inflammatory activity and affects various mechanism pathways including NF-kappaB, MAPKs and HO-1. Our results suggest that OR has potential value to be developed as an inflammatory therapeutic agent from a natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Ha
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
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PG201 downregulates the production of nitrite by upregulating heme oxygenase-1 expression through the control of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NF-E2-related factor 2. Nitric Oxide 2013; 33:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rosmarinic acid attenuated SIN-1-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells through the HO-1 induction and radical scavenging activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Buapool D, Mongkol N, Chantimal J, Roytrakul S, Srisook E, Srisook K. Molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Pluchea indica leaves in macrophages RAW 264.7 and its action in animal models ofinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:495-504. [PMID: 23353896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE PLUCHEA INDICA LESS.: (Asteraceae) is a Thai medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, lumbago, leucorrhoea and inflammation. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Pluchea indica leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and also determined its action in acute inflammation animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by Griess reaction. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity was evaluated by iNOS promoter based reporter gene assay. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect was examined in ethylphenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat models. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of Pluchea indica leaves (EFPI) exhibited the potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages and also inhibited PGE2 release. EFPI reduced iNOS mRNA and protein expression through suppressed iNOS promoter activity and nuclear translocation of subunit p65 of nuclear factor-κB, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Moreover, EFPI possessed anti-inflammatory activities on acute phase of inflammation as seen in EPP-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema inrats. CONCLUSIONS These data support the pharmacological basis of Pluchea indica plant as a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doungnapa Buapool
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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Suh JH, Kim RY, Lee DS. A new metabolomic assay to examine inflammation and redox pathways following LPS challenge. J Inflamm (Lond) 2012; 9:37. [PMID: 23036094 PMCID: PMC3507808 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Shifts in intracellular arginine (Arg) and sulfur amino acid (SAA) redox metabolism modulate macrophage activation, polarization and phenotype. Despite their importance in inflammation and redox regulatory pathways, comprehensive analysis of these metabolic networks was not previously possible with existing analytical methods. METHODS The Arg/thiol redox LC-MS/MS metabolomics assay permits simultaneous assessment of amino acids and derivative products generated from Arg and SAA metabolism. Using this assay, LPS-induced changes in macrophage amino acid metabolism were monitored to identify pathway shifts during activation and their linkage to cellular redox regulation. RESULTS Metabolite concentrations most significantly changed after treatment of a macrophage-like cell line (RAW) with LPS for 24 hrs were citrulline (Cit) (48-fold increase), ornithine (Orn) (8.5-fold increase), arginine (Arg) (66% decrease), and aspartic acid (Asp) (73% decrease). The ratio Cit + Orn/Arg + Asp (CO/AA) was more sensitive to LPS stimulation than other amino acid ratios commonly used to measure LPS-dependent inflammation (e.g., SAM/SAH, GSH/GSSG) and total media NOx. The CO/AA ratio was also the first ratio to change significantly after LPS treatment (4 hrs). Changes in the overall metabolomic profile over time indicated that metabolic pathways shifted from Arg catabolism to thiol oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous quantification of Arg and SAA metabolic pathway shifts following LPS challenge of macrophage indicate that, in this system, the Arg-Citrulline/NO cycle and arginase pathways are the amino acid metabolic pathways most sensitive to LPS-challenge. The cellular (Cit + Orn)/(Arg + Asp) ratio, which summarizes this pathway, was more responsive to lower concentrations of LPS and responded earlier than other metabolic biomarkers of macrophage activation including GSH redox. It is suggested that the CO/AA ratio is a redox- independent early biomarker of macrophage activation. The ability to measure both the CO/AA and GSH-redox ratios simultaneously permits quantification of the relative effects of LPS challenge on macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. The use of this assay in humans is discussed, as are clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert Y Kim
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Lee
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Foster MW, Yang Z, Gooden DM, Thompson JW, Ball CH, Turner ME, Hou Y, Pi J, Moseley MA, Que LG. Proteomic characterization of the cellular response to nitrosative stress mediated by s-nitrosoglutathione reductase inhibition. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2480-91. [PMID: 22390303 DOI: 10.1021/pr201180m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The S-nitrosoglutathione-metabolizing enzyme, GSNO reductase (GSNOR), has emerged as an important regulator of protein S-nitrosylation. GSNOR ablation is protective in models of asthma and heart failure, raising the idea that GSNOR inhibitors might hold therapeutic value. Here, we investigated the effects of a small molecule inhibitor of GSNOR (GSNORi) in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that GSNORi increased protein S-nitrosylation in cytokine-stimulated cells, and we utilized stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to quantify the cellular response to this "nitrosative stress". The expression of several cytokine-inducible immunomodulators, including osteopontin, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase isoform 2 (NOS2), were decreased by GSNORi. In addition, selective targets of the redox-regulated transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory subunit-were induced by GSNORi in a NOS2- and Nrf2-dependent manner. In cytokine-stimulated cells, Nrf2 protected from GSNORi-induced glutathione depletion and cytotoxicity and HO-1 activity was required for down-regulation of NOS2. Interestingly, GSNORi also affected a marked increase in NOS2 protein stability. Collectively, these data provide the most complete description of the global effects of GSNOR inhibition and demonstrate several important mechanisms for inducible response to GSNORi-mediated nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Small Molecule Synthesis Facility and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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Furfaro AL, Macay JRZ, Marengo B, Nitti M, Parodi A, Fenoglio D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Domenicotti C, Traverso N. Resistance of neuroblastoma GI-ME-N cell line to glutathione depletion involves Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:488-96. [PMID: 22142473 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell survival is known to be related to the ability to counteract oxidative stress, and glutathione (GSH) depletion has been proposed as a mechanism to sensitize cells to anticancer therapy. However, we observed that GI-ME-N cells, a neuroblastoma cell line without MYCN amplification, are able to survive even if GSH-depleted by l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Here, we show that in GI-ME-N cells, BSO activates Nrf2 and up-regulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Silencing of Nrf2 restrained HO-1 induction by BSO. Inhibition of HO-1 and silencing of Nrf2 or HO-1 sensitized GI-ME-N cells to BSO, leading to reactive oxygen/nitrogen species overproduction and decreasing viability. Moreover, targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 axis sensitized GI-ME-N cells to etoposide more than GSH depletion. Therefore, we have provided evidence that in GI-ME-N cells, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis plays a crucial role as a protective factor against cellular stress, and we suggest that the inhibition of Nfr2/HO-1 signaling should be considered as a central target in the clinical battle against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Abd El Tawab AM. The relative efficacy of aminoguanidine and pentoxifylline in modulating endotoxin-induced cardiac stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:694-702. [PMID: 21976268 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, and pentoxifylline (PTX), a tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac stress. Rats were divided into four groups: group I served as a control, group II (LPS) received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg·kg(-1) ), group III (LPS+AG) and group IV (LPS+PTX) were injected with either AG (100 mg·kg(-1) ) or PTX (150 mg·kg(-1) ) intraperitoneally 10 days prior to LPS administration. Normalization of cardiac levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO(X) ), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na(+) , K(+) -ATPase activities was evident in the AG group. Both AG and PTX decreased the elevated serum TNF-α levels, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO). The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) were enhanced following AG and PTX pretreatments. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) levels were altered, and the histopathological observations supported the described results. Conclusively, the study highlights the cardioprotective potential of AG and PTX with superior results from AG. These findings reveal the relative contribution of nitric oxide and TNF-α to oxidative stress and energy failure during endotoxemia.
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Jan WC, Chen CH, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Limb ischemic preconditioning mitigates lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in rats. Resuscitation 2011; 82:760-6. [PMID: 21398019 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Haemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation induce acute lung injury. We elucidated whether bilateral lower limb ischemic pre-conditioning (IP) could mitigate lung injury in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats. The role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also elucidated. METHOD Adult male rats were randomized to receive haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS), HS plus IP, or HS plus IP plus the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) (n = 12 in each group). Sham groups were employed simultaneously. For pre-conditioning, 3 cycles of limb IP (10 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion) were performed immediately before haemorrhagic shock. Haemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure: 40-45 mmHg) was induced by blood drawing and maintained for 120 min. SnPP was injected 5 min before resuscitation. Shed blood/saline mixtures were re-infused to achieve resuscitation. After monitoring for another 8h, rats were sacrificed. Arterial blood gas and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (lung function index), histology, polymorphonuclear leukocytes/alveoli ratio (leukocyte infiltration index), wet/dry weight ratio (water content index), inflammatory molecules (e.g., chemokine, cytokine, prostaglandin E(2)), and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation index) assays were preformed. RESULTS Haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation induced significant lung function alterations and significant increases in leukocyte infiltration, water content, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in lungs. Histological analysis confirmed that haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation caused marked lung injury. Limb IP significantly mitigated the adverse effects of haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. Moreover, the protective effects of limb IP were reversed by SnPP. CONCLUSIONS Limb IP mitigates lung injury in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats. The mechanisms may involve HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ching Jan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Srisook K, Palachot M, Mongkol N, Srisook E, Sarapusit S. Anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Cissus quadrangularis Linn may be involved with induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of NF-κB activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:1008-1014. [PMID: 21094244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cissus quadrangularis (family: Vitaceae) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids, gastric ulcers and bone healing. In the present study, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity and the molecular mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract of Cissus quadrangularis stem (CQE) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effect of CQE on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in conditioned media. Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS CQE potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were suppressed also by CQE as was p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation. Further study demonstrated that CQE by itself induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression at the protein and mRNA levels in dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effects of CQE on NO production were abrogated by a HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that CQE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages, at least in part, through the induction of HO-1 expression. These findings provide the scientific rationale for anti-inflammatory therapeutic use of Cissus quadrangularis stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaokwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Abstract
Activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway is an adaptive response to environmental and endogenous stresses and serves to render animals resistant to chemical carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity, whereas disruption of the pathway exacerbates these outcomes. This pathway, which can be activated by sulfhydryl-reactive, small-molecule pharmacologic agents, regulates the inducible expression of an extended battery of cytoprotective genes, often by direct binding of the transcription factor to antioxidant response elements in the promoter regions of target genes. However, it is becoming evident that some of the protective effects may be mediated indirectly through cross talk with additional pathways affecting cell survival and other aspects of cell fate. These interactions provide a multi-tiered, integrated response to chemical stresses. This review highlights recent observations on the molecular interactions and their functional consequences between NRF2 and the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, p53, and Notch1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Gao SS, Choi BM, Chen XY, Zhu RZ, Kim Y, So H, Park R, Sung M, Kim BR. Kaempferol suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis via inductions of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in HEI-OC1 cell. Pharm Res 2010; 27:235-45. [PMID: 19937094 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to elucidate the chemoprotective mechanism of kaempferol, which possesses anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. METHODS House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were treated with kaempferol in the presence or absence of cisplatin. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress was assessed by analysis of Comet assay, DNA-laddering assay and activation of caspases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were measured by Western blot analysis. Transfection of small interfering RNAs (siRNA), glutathione (GSH) assay and RT-PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS Kaempferol protected cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HEI-OC1 cells. Kaempferol-induced HO-1 expression protected against cell death though the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and by the aid of Nrf2 translocation. Kaempferol increased the cellular level of GSH and the expression of GCLC time-dependently. siRNA GCLC blocked the increase of GSH level by kaempferol and the protective effect of kaempferol against cisplatin-induced cell death. CONCLUSION The expression of HO-1 by kaempferol inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells, and the mechanism of protective effect is also associated with its inductive effect of GCLC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Shang Gao
- Vestibulocochlear Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Peng TC, Jan WC, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on mitigating lung injury induced by lower limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2010; 167:e245-53. [PMID: 20850789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) imposes oxidative stress, elicits inflammatory response, and subsequently induces acute lung injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IP), a process of transient I/R, mitigates the acute lung injury induced by I/R. We sought to elucidate whether the protective effects of IP involve heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS Adult male rats were randomized to receive I/R, I/R plus IP, I/R plus IP plus the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) (n = 12 in each group). Control groups were run simultaneously. I/R was induced by applying rubber band tourniquet high around each thigh for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 3 h. To achieve IP, three cycles of bilateral lower limb I/R (i.e., ischemia for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 10 min) were performed. IP was performed immediately before I/R. After sacrifice, degree of lung injury was determined. RESULTS Histologic findings, together with assays of leukocyte infiltration (polymorphonuclear leukocytes/alveoli ratio and myeloperoxidase activity) and lung water content (wet/dry weight ratio), confirmed that I/R induced acute lung injury. I/R also caused significant inflammatory response (increases in chemokine, cytokine, and prostaglandin E(2) concentrations), imposed significant oxidative stress (increases in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentrations), and up-regulated HO-1 expression in lung tissues. IP significantly enhanced HO-1 up-regulation and, in turn, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and acute lung injury induced by I/R. In addition, the protective effects of IP were counteracted by SnPP. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of IP on mitigating acute lung injury induced by lower limb I/R are mediated by HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Chin Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsukimoto M, Tamaishi N, Homma T, Kojima S. Low-dose gamma-ray irradiation induces translocation of Nrf2 into nuclear in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:349-353. [PMID: 20410673 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins involved in cellular redox homeostasis, while gamma-ray irradiation is known to induce reactive oxygen species in vivo. Although activation of Nrf2 by various stresses has been studied, it has not yet been determined whether ionizing irradiation induces activation of Nrf2. Therefore, we investigated activation of Nrf2 in response to gamma-irradiation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Irradiation of cells with gamma-rays induced an increase of Nrf2 expression. Even 0.1 Gy of gamma-irradiation induced a translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to the nucleus, indicating the activation of Nrf2 by low-dose irradiation. Expression of heme oxygenase-1, which is regulated by Nrf2, was also increased at 24 h after irradiation with more than 0.1 Gy of gamma-rays. Furthermore, the activation of Nrf2 was suppressed by U0126, which is an inhibitor of the extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, suggesting involvement of ERK1/2-dependent pathway in the irradiation-induced activation of Nrf2. Our results indicate that low-dose gamma-irradiation induces activation of Nrf2 through ERK1/2-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Chiba, Japan.
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37
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Kim C, Jang JS, Cho MR, Agarawal SR, Cha YN. Taurine chloramine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:440-6. [PMID: 20074672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is produced abundantly in activated neutrophils by a reaction between the stored taurine and the newly produced HOCl by the myeloperoxidase system, and is much less oxidizing or toxic than HOCl. TauCl has been shown to provide cytoprotection against inflammatory tissue injury by inhibiting the overproduction of inflammatory mediators. The result of this study shows that TauCl upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and increased HO activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, while taurine had no effect. TauCl by itself generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and diminished total glutathione (GSH) level initially. TauCl increased the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and enhanced its binding to the anti-oxidant response element (ARE). This, in turn, was responsible for the upregulation of HO-1 expression. In summary, TauCl generated ROS in RAW 264.7 macrophages and decreased cellular GSH level initially. This was responsible for the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its binding to ARE promoted the expression of HO-1 and increased HO activity. Thus, TauCl-derived elevation of HO activity may play an essential role in the adaptive cytoprotection of inflammatory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Ichikawa T, Janicki JS, Cui T. Targeting the Nrf2 pathway against cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:785-94. [PMID: 19530984 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903025762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the basal and inducible expression of a battery of antioxidant genes and other cytoprotective Phase II detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 is ubiquitously expressed in the cardiovascular system. While several Nrf2 downstream genes have been implicated in protection against the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the precise role of Nrf2 in the cardiovascular system remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, mounting evidence has revealed that Nrf2 is a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis via the suppression of oxidative stress, a major causative factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, Nrf2 promises to be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review the current literature that suggests that Nrf2 is a valuable therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, as well as experiments that illustrate the mechanisms of Nrf2 cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Li
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Yang S, Shih HJ, Chow YC, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Hemin Induced Heme Oxygenase-1 Over Expression Involves Nuclear Factor-E2 Related Factor-2, Nuclear Factor-κB and Extracellular Regulated Kinase: An Experimental Study in a Testicular Torsion-Detorsion Rodent Model. J Urol 2008; 179:2456-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stone Yang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chiong Chow
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Curcumin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Fertil Steril 2008; 91:271-7. [PMID: 18222428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of curcumin, a potent antioxidant, on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after testicular torsion-detorsion. DESIGN Controlled experimental study using rats. SETTING Research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTION(S) Rats in the control group underwent a sham operation of the left testis. In the torsion-detorsion group, the left testis was rotated 720 degrees for 2 hours. Rats in treatment group received the same surgical procedure as the torsion-detorsion group, but curcumin was administered IV at repair of testicular torsion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Testicular activity of xanthine oxidase, which catalyzes production of ROS; malondialdehyde level (an indicator of ROS content); protein expression level of heme oxygenase-1, which catalyzes antioxidant generation; and spermatogenesis. RESULT(S) Unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion caused significant increases in xanthine oxidase activity, malondialdehyde level, and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression level and caused a significant decrease in testicular spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes. The rats treated with curcumin had significant decreases in xanthine oxidase activity and malondialdehyde level and had significant increases in heme oxygenase-1 protein expression level and testicular spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes, compared with the torsion-detorsion group. CONCLUSION(S) The curcumin exerts a protective effect on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Ferreira AM, Trostchansky A, Ferrari M, Souza JM, Rubbo H. Nitroalkenes: synthesis, characterization, and effects on macrophage activation. Methods Enzymol 2008; 441:33-51. [PMID: 18554528 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkenes derivatives of free as well as esterified unsaturated fatty acids are present in human plasma and tissue, representing novel pluripotent cell signaling mediators. Lipid nitration occurs in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli as an adaptative mechanism to downregulate inflammatory responses. This chapter first discusses the generation of nitroalkenes during macrophage activation following chemical and biological characterization. In particular, it describes procedures for (a) synthesizing and characterizing esterified (cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate, CLNO2) as well as free (nitroarachidonate, AANO2) nitroalkenes, (b) determining nitration of cholesteryl linoleic acid during macrophage activation by inflammatory stimuli, (c) examining the modulatory effects of nitroalkenes on the expression of inducible enzymes by activated macrophages, and (d) discussing the signaling pathways involved in nitroalkene-mediated anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ferreira
- Department of Immunology, Facultadas de Ciencias y Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
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Duvigneau JC, Piskernik C, Haindl S, Kloesch B, Hartl RT, Hüttemann M, Lee I, Ebel T, Moldzio R, Gemeiner M, Redl H, Kozlov AV. A novel endotoxin-induced pathway: upregulation of heme oxygenase 1, accumulation of free iron, and free iron-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. J Transl Med 2008; 88:70-7. [PMID: 17982471 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the development of organ failure in critical care diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction are not clear yet. Inducible hemoxygenase (HO-1), a member of the heat shock protein family, is upregulated in critical care diseases and considered to confer cytoprotection against oxidative stress. However, one of the products of HO-1 is Fe2+ which multiplies the damaging potential of reactive oxygen species catalyzing Fenton reaction. The aim of this study was to clarify the relevance of free iron metabolism to the oxidative damage of the liver in endotoxic shock and its impact on mitochondrial function. Endotoxic shock in rats was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 8 mg/kg (i.v.). We observed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the liver necrosis marker aspartate aminotransferase were increased in blood, confirming inflammatory response to LPS and damage to liver tissue, respectively. The levels of free iron in the liver were significantly increased at 4 and 8 h after onset of endotoxic shock, which did not coincide with the decrease of transferrin iron levels in the blood, but rather with expression of the inducible form of heme oxygenase (HO-1). The proteins important for sequestering free iron (ferritin) and the export of iron out of the cells (ferroportin) were downregulated facilitating the accumulation of free iron in cells. The temporarily increased concentration of free iron in the liver correlated with the temporary impairment of both mitochondrial function and tissue ATP levels. Addition of exogenous iron ions to mitochondria isolated from control animals resulted in an impairment of mitochondrial respiration similar to that observed in endotoxic shock in vivo. Our data suggest that free iron released by HO-1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological situations accompanied by endotoxic shock.
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Sareila O, Hämäläinen M, Nissinen E, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E. Orazipone inhibits activation of inflammatory transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and decreases inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in response to inflammatory stimuli. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:858-66. [PMID: 18039960 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.129114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orazipone [OR-1384; 3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzylidene]pentane-2,4-dione] is a novel sulfhydryl-modulating compound that has anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models of asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In inflammation, inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) generates NO, which modulates the immune response. Compounds that inhibit iNOS expression or iNOS activity possess anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of orazipone and its derivative OR-1958 [3-[3-chlorine-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzylidene]pentane-2,4-dione] on iNOS expression and NO production in J774 macrophages stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in human alveolar epithelial cells activated by proinflammatory cytokines. Protein expression and nuclear translocation of transcription factors were measured by Western blot. iNOS mRNA expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and iNOS mRNA stability by actinomycin D assay. iNOS promoter activity was studied in a cell line expressing luciferase under the control of iNOS promoter. Orazipone and its derivative OR-1958 but not its nonthiol-modulating analog inhibited iNOS expression and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Orazipone decreased LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression, but the decay of iNOS mRNA was not affected. Orazipone extensively prevented LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, which are important transcription factors for iNOS. In agreement, human iNOS promoter activity was inhibited by orazipone. In conclusion, orazipone decreased activation of inflammatory transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT1, and expression of iNOS in cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli. The thiolmodulating property seems to be critical in mediating the antiinflammatory effects of orazipone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Sareila
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere FIN-33014, Finland
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Gohil K, Oommen S, Vasu VT, Aung HH, Cross CE. Tocopherol transfer protein deficiency modifies nuclear receptor transcriptional networks in lungs: Modulation by cigarette smoke in vivo. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:453-80. [PMID: 17400288 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary factors and environmental pollutants initiate signaling cascades that converge on AhR:Nrf2:NF-kappaB transcription factor (TF) networks and, in turn, affect the health of the organism through its effects on the expression of numerous genes. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) have been hypothesized to be common mediators in these pathways. alpha-Tocopherol (AT) is a potent, lipophilic, scavenger of ROMs in vitro and has been hypothesized to be a major chain-breaking anti-oxidant in lipoproteins and biological membranes in vivo. The lung offers a vital organ to test the various postulated actions of AT in vivo. Lung AT concentrations can be manipulated by several methods that include dietary and genetic techniques. In this study we have used mice with severe AT deficiency inflicted at birth by the deletion of AT transfer protein (ATTP) which is abundantly expressed in the liver and regulates systemic concentrations of AT. Mice and humans deficient in ATTP are AT deficient. Female ATTP-deficient (ATTP-KO) mice and their congenic ATTP normal (WT) mice fed a diet containing 35 IU AT/kg diet were used to test our hypothesis. The mice (n=5/group) were exposed to either air or cigarette smoke (CS, total suspended particles 60 mg/m(3), 6h/day), a source of ROM, for 3 or 10 days. Post-exposure lung tissue was dissected, RNA extracted from each lung and it was pooled group-wise and processed for GeneChip analysis (Affymetrix 430A 2.0). Differential analysis of the transcriptomes ( approximately 16,000 mRNAs) identified CS sensitive genes that were modulated by lung AT-concentration. CS activated AhR driven genes such as cyp1b1 whose induction was augmented in CS-exposed, AT-deficient lungs. However, CS-induced expression of some of the Nrf2 driven genes was not potentiated in the AT-deficient lungs. Largest clusters of CS-AT sensitive genes were lymphocyte and leukocyte specific genes. These gene-clusters included those encoding cytokines and immunoglobulins, which were repressed by CS and were modulated by lung AT concentrations. Our genome-wide analysis suggests reciprocal regulation of xenobiotic and immune response genes by CS and a modulatory role of lung AT concentration on the expression of these clusters of genes. These data suggest that in vivo network of AT, AT-metabolites and ATTP affects the transcription of genes driven by AhR, Nrf2 and NF-kappaB, transcription factor networks that transduce cellular metabolic signals and orchestrate adaptive responses of lungs to inhaled environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gohil
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Li MH, Jang JH, Na HK, Cha YN, Surh YJ. Carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase-1 in response to nitrosative stress induces expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase in PC12 cells via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Nrf2 signaling. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28577-28586. [PMID: 17681938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701916200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression has been associated with adaptive cytoprotection against a wide array of toxic insults, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated the potential role of carbon monoxide (CO), one of the by-products of the HO-1 reaction, in the adaptive survival response to peroxynitrite-induced PC12 cell death. Upon treatment of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with the peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), the cellular GSH level decreased initially, but was gradually restored to the basal level. This was accompanied by increased expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis. The SIN-1-induced GCLC up-regulation was preceded by induction of HO-1 and subsequent CO production. Inhibition of HO activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX or knockdown of HO-1 gene expression by small interfering RNA abrogated the up-regulation of GCLC expression and the subsequent GSH restoration induced by SIN-1. In contrast, additional exposure to the CO-releasing molecule (CO-RM) restored the GSH level previously reduced by inhibition of CO production using zinc protoporphyrin IX. Furthermore, CO-RM treatment up-regulated GCLC expression through activation of Nrf2. The CO-RM-induced activation of Nrf2 was under the control of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, CO produced by HO-1 rescues PC12 cells from nitrosative stress through induction of GCLC, which is mediated by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and subsequently Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Li
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 382-751, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.
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Huang TY, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. HO-1 overexpression attenuates endotoxin effects on CAT-2 isozymes expression. J Surg Res 2007; 148:172-80. [PMID: 18028947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-arginine transport mediated by type-2 cationic amino acid transporter (CAT-2) isozymes is one crucial mechanism that regulates nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We sought to investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression on CAT-2 isozymes, e.g., CAT-2, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to receive lipopolysaccharide (LPS), normal saline, hemin (a HO-1 inducer), tin protoporphyrin (SnPP, a HO-1 inhibitor), LPS plus hemin, or LPS plus hemin plus SnPP. After maintaining for 6 h, rats were sacrificed and the expression and activity of individual enzyme was evaluated. RESULTS LPS increased HO activity, HO-1 concentration, NO production, l-arginine transport, and concentrations of iNOS, CAT-2, and CAT-2B in rat lungs and kidney. LPS also increased HO activity, HO-1 concentration, NO production, l-arginine transport, and iNOS concentration but decreased CAT-2 and CAT-2B concentrations in rat liver. LPS increased CAT-2A concentration in rat liver but did not affect CAT-2A concentration in rat lungs and kidney. Hemin further increased HO activity and induced HO-1 overexpression in the lungs, kidney, and liver from LPS-treated rats. In addition, the effects of LPS on NO production, l-arginine transport, and concentrations of iNOS and CAT-2 isozymes were significantly attenuated by hemin. SnPP, on the other hand, reversed the effects of hemin. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 overexpression significantly attenuates endotoxin-induced increases in NO production and l-arginine transport. Induction of HO-1 overexpression also significantly attenuates the effects of endotoxin on the expression of iNOS and CAT-2 isozymes in septic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang S, Shih HJ, Chow YC, Tsai PS, Wang TY, Wang PS, Huang CJ. The protective role of heme oxygenase-1 induction on testicular tissues after testicular torsion and detorsion. J Urol 2007; 177:1928-33. [PMID: 17437850 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular torsion-detorsion has been identified as an ischemia-reperfusion type of injury. We elucidated the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 super induction on testicular torsion-detorsion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to undergo testicular torsion-detorsion, immediately followed by injection of normal saline, the heme oxygenase-1 inducer hemin or hemin plus the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. Another set of rats that underwent sham operation, immediately followed by injection of normal saline, hemin or hemin plus tin protoporphyrin, served as controls. Testes were harvested 4 and 24 hours after detorsion, respectively, in the experimental groups or at comparable time points in the control groups. RESULTS Histological evaluation confirmed that torsion-detorsion caused significant testicular tissue injury. Torsion-detorsion also caused significant increases in the testicular levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase activity and heme oxygenase-1. The heme oxygenase-1 inducer hemin significantly enhanced the heme oxygenase-1 expression induced by torsion-detorsion and in turn attenuated testicular injury, and increases in nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, the protective effects of hemin were significantly offset by the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. CONCLUSIONS Super induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects testes from torsion-detorsion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Yang
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Villacorta L, Zhang J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen XL, Freeman BA, Chen YE, Cui T. Nitro-linoleic acid inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H770-6. [PMID: 17468336 PMCID: PMC2170893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00261.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkenes, the nitration products of unsaturated fatty acids formed via NO-dependent oxidative reactions, have been demonstrated to exert strong biological actions in endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, little is known about their effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study examined the role of nitro-linoleic acid (LNO(2)) in the regulation of VSMC proliferation. We observed that LNO(2) inhibited VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LNO(2) induced growth arrest of VSMCs in the G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle with an upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1). Furthermore, LNO(2) triggered nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and activation of the antioxidant-responsive element-driven transcriptional activity via impairing Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-mediated negative control of Nrf2 activity in VSMCs. LNO(2) upregulated the expression of Nrf2 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in VSMCs. A forced activation of Nrf2 led to an upregulation of p27(kip1) and growth inhibition of VSMCs. In contrast, knock down of Nrf2 using an Nrf2 siRNA approach reversed the LNO(2)-induced upregulation of p27(kip1) and inhibition of cellular proliferation in VSMCs. These studies provide the first evidence that nitroalkene LNO(2) inhibits VSMC proliferation through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting an important role of nitroalkenes in vascular biology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
- Linoleic Acids/administration & dosage
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Nitro Compounds/administration & dosage
- Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villacorta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Khor TO, Huang MT, Kwon KH, Chan JY, Reddy BS, Kong AN. Nrf2-deficient mice have an increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11580-4. [PMID: 17178849 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic inflammatory disorders, have been strongly linked with an increased risk of the development of colorectal cancer. Understanding the etiology of these diseases is pivotal for the improvement of currently available strategies to fight against inflammatory bowel disease, and more importantly, to prevent colorectal cancer. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been known to be a transcriptional factor which plays a crucial role in cytoprotection against inflammation, as well as oxidative and electrophilic stresses. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Nrf2 in the regulation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. Nrf2-deficient mice were found to be more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis as shown by the increased severity of colitis following 1 week of oral administration of 1% DSS. The increased severity of colitis in Nrf2(-/-) mice was found to be associated with decreased expression of antioxidant/phase II detoxifying enzymes including heme-oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H-quinone reductase-1, UDP-glucurosyltransferase 1A1, and glutathione S-transferase Mu-1. In addition, proinflammatory mediators/cytokines such as COX-2, inducible nitric oxide, interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly increased in the colonic tissues of Nrf2(-/-) mice compared with their wild-type (Nrf2+/+) counterparts. In summary, we show for the first time that mice lacking Nrf2 are more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Our data suggests that Nrf2 could play an important role in protecting intestinal integrity, through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Oo Khor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Chang KY, Tsai PS, Huang TY, Wang TY, Yang S, Huang CJ. HO-1 Mediates the Effects of HBO Pretreatment Against Sepsis. J Surg Res 2006; 136:143-53. [PMID: 16930622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown that attenuation of sepsis-induced lung injury by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) pretreatment involves expression regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. This study was performed to determine the effects of HBO pretreatment on acute kidney and liver injuries in septic rats and the roles of iNOS and HO-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS One group of adult male rats (n = 48) were pretreated with HBO. The other group of rats (n = 48) breathed air at normal atmospheric pressure instead. Rats in each group were randomly allocated to receive injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), normal saline (N/S), LPS plus hemin (a HO-1 inducer), hemin, LPS plus SnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor), SnPP, LPS plus hemin plus SnPP, or hemin plus SnPP. Hemin and SnPP were injected at 1 h before HBO or air pretreatment. Rats were maintained for 6 h before sacrifice. RESULTS LPS caused prominent kidney and liver injuries as well as iNOS and HO-1 expression in stimulated rats. HBO pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced kidney but not liver injury. However, in conjunction with hemin (a HO-1 inducer), HBO pretreatment did attenuate LPS-induced liver injury. In addition, the inhibition of iNOS expression by HBO pretreatment was associated with "super-induction" (i.e., further enhancement) of LPS-induced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of HBO could be counteracted by SnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS HBO pretreatment significantly attenuates LPS-induced acute organ injuries in septic rats. The beneficial effect of HBO pretreatment against sepsis is mediated, at least in part, by "super-induction" of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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