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Nabizadeh S, Aeini K, Barzegar F, Arabameri M, Hosseini H, Kamankesh M, Mohammadi A. Volatile N-nitrosamines in processed meat products: An approach for monitoring dietary exposure, assessing human risk, and evaluating variable correlations by principal component analysis and heat map. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114649. [PMID: 38599275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between the consumption of processed meats containing N-nitrosamines (NAs) and the incidence of hepatocellular and colon cancer. The health risk assessment in this investigation was based on the concentration of six volatile N-nitrosamines (VNAs) (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine) found in processed meat products (sausage and kielbasa) in the Iranian market. Direct supported liquid membrane two-phase hollow fiber electromembrane extraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyse six VNAs. The mean concentration of the six VNAs in sausages and kielbasa was 38.677 ± 27.56 and 48.383 ± 35.76 μg/kg, respectively. The 95th percentile for the chronic daily intake of total VNAs for children (3-14 years) and adults (15-70 years) were calculated to be 5.06 × 10-4 and 1.09 × 10-4 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The cancer risk assessment showed that the risk associated with NDEA was the highest among the other VNAs studied in Iranian processed meat, with a 95th percentile for the child and adult groups. Based on an incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) value of ≤10-4 for the carcinogenic effects of exposure to a total of six VNAs, it indicates low concern for all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nabizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Aeini
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nawaz A, Walayat N, Khalifa I, Harlina PW, Irshad S, Qin Z, Luo X. Emerging challenges and efficacy of polyphenols-proteins interaction in maintaining the meat safety during thermal processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13313. [PMID: 38470221 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are well documented against the inhibition of foodborne toxicants in meat, such as heterocyclic amines, Maillard's reaction products, and protein oxidation, by means of their radical scavenging ability, metal chelation, antioxidant properties, and ability to form protein-polyphenol complexes (PPCs). However, their thermal stability, low polarity, degree of dispersion and polymerization, reactivity, solubility, gel forming properties, low bioaccessibility index during digestion, and negative impact on sensory properties are all questionable at oil-in-water interface. This paper aims to review the possibility and efficacy of polyphenols against the inhibition of mutagenic and carcinogenic oxidative products in thermally processed meat. The major findings revealed that structure of polyphenols, for example, molecular size, no of substituted carbons, hydroxyl groups and their position, sufficient size to occupy reacting sites, and ability to form quinones, are the main technical points that affect their reactivity in order to form PPCs. Following a discussion of the future of polyphenols in meat-based products, this paper offers intervention strategies, such as the combined use of food additives and hydrocolloids, processing techniques, precursors, and structure-binding relationships, which can react synergistically with polyphenols to improve their effectiveness during intensive thermal processing. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable source for food scientists, providing insights and recommendations for the appropriate use of polyphenols in meat-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Nawaz
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Noman Walayat
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Putri Widyanti Harlina
- Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sana Irshad
- Institute for Advanced study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
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Deng S, Liu J, Han D, Yang X, Liu H, Zhang C, Blecker C. Synchronous fluorescence detection of nitrite in meat products based on dual-emitting dye@MOF and its portable hydrogel test kit. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132898. [PMID: 37939561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe (Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2) was fabricated for efficient nitrite (NO2-) detection in the present study. When NO2- was introduced, it interacted with the amino groups on the surface of Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2, forming diazonium salts that led to the quenching of blue fluorescence. With this strategy, a good linear relationship between NO2- concentration and the fluorescent intensity ratio of the nanoprobe in the range of 1-100 μM was established, with a detection limit of 0.021 μM. This dual-readout nanosensor was applied to analyze the concentration of NO2- in real meat samples, achieving satisfactory recovery rates of 94.72-104.52%, highlighting the practical potential of this method. Furthermore, a portable Gel/Rh6G@UIO-66-NH2 hydrogel test kit was constructed for on-spot dual-mode detection of NO2-. This kit allows for convenient colorimetric analysis and fluorometric detection when used in conjunction with a smartphone. All the photos taken with the portable kit was converted into digital information using ImageJ software. It provides colorimetric and fluorescent visual detection of NO2- over a range of 0.1-1.5 mM, achieving a direct quantitative tool for NO2- identification. This methodology presents a promising strategy for NO2- detection and expands the application prospects for on-spot monitoring of food safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Junmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Dong Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- Research Center for Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Center for Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Christophe Blecker
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
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Wu H, Wang S, Xie J, Ji F, Peng W, Qian J, Shen Q, Hou G. Effects of Dietary Lycopene on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Meat Quality, Intestine Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:203. [PMID: 38254372 PMCID: PMC10812500 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lycopene on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestine histomorphology, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. We randomly divided five hundred and seventy-six one-day-old male broilers into four groups each with six replicates and 24 chickens in each replicate. The control group (CG) was fed the basal diet, and the other groups were given powder lycopene of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg lycopene (LP10, LP20, and LP30, respectively). Compared with the control group, (1) the dietary lycopene increased (p = 0.001) the average daily gain and decreased (p = 0.033) the feed conversion ratio in the experimental groups; (2) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme contents in LP20 were higher (p =< 0.001) in myocardium; (3) the crude protein contents were higher (p = 0.007) in the group treated with 30 mg/kg dietary lycopene; (4) the jejunum villous height was higher (p = 0.040) in LP20; (5) the Unclassified-f-Ruminococcaceae relative abundance was significantly higher (p = 0.043) in LP20. In this study, adding 20 mg/kg dietary lycopene to the broiler chickens' diets improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestine histomorphology, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Abna Management (Shangai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Weiqi Peng
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jinyu Qian
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Hainan Xuhuai Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 571127, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Bak KH, Paulsen P. Changes in Flavor and Volatile Composition of Meat and Meat Products Observed after Exposure to Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma (ACP). Foods 2023; 12:3295. [PMID: 37685227 PMCID: PMC10486556 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the atmospheric pressure cold plasma (ACP) exposure of meat and meat products mainly determine microbial inactivation, lipid oxidation, and meat color. Some studies include sensory evaluation, but only a few determine the changes in volatile composition due to ACP treatment. The results of sensory evaluation are inconclusive and range from "improvement" to "off-odor". This could be due to differences in the food matrix, especially in processed foods, or different experimental settings, including inadvertent effects such as sample heating. The few studies analyzing volatile composition report changes in alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and other compounds, but not necessarily changes that are novel for meat and meat products. Most studies do not actually measure the formation of reactive species, although this is needed to determine the exact reactions taking place in the meat during ACP treatment. This is a prerequisite for an adjustment of the plasma conditions to achieve antimicrobial effects without compromising sensory quality. Likewise, such knowledge is necessary to clarify if ACP-exposed meat and products thereof require regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine H. Bak
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Lee SH, Kim HY. Analysis of Quality and Color Properties according to the Gas Composition (Modified Atmosphere Packaging) of Pork Sous-Vide Ham Preserved in Natural Brine. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:580-593. [PMID: 37484006 PMCID: PMC10359847 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze whether seawater has positive effects on appearance characteristics, such as CIE a*, and to determine the gas composition concentration that is suitable for maintaining it. Pork hind meat was cured with four types of curing agent for 5 d at 4°C. The different curing agents comprised the control salt, control nitrite pickling salt (CN), treatment brine, and treatment bittern (BT). The cured hams were cooked at 65°C for 4 h and packaged at O2:N2 gas ratios of 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1 for 3 wk. The physicochemical properties were assessed immediately after heating the sample, and the color properties were measured after a 3 wk storage period. Based on the correlation results of the physicochemical properties, BT had a higher curing and cooking yield than the other treatments, owing to its high salinity. Results of color properties for BT (7:3) and CN (8:2) showed similar color CIE L*, CIE a* chroma, and hue angle values. Therefore, BT can be said to be a sous-vide curing agent suitable for preserving the color of ham, and a high nitrogen concentration of 30% helps to maintain the appearance of seawater sous-vide ham.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Leães YSV, Lorenzo JM, Seibt ACMD, Pinton MB, Robalo SS, Mello RDO, Wagner R, Barin JS, De Menezes CR, Campagnol PCB, Cichoski AJ. Do ultrasound form spontaneously nitrous pigments in nitrite-free pork meat batter? Meat Sci 2023; 203:109231. [PMID: 37263032 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultrasound (US) on myoglobin modification, nitrous pigment formation, color, and total and free sulfhydryl content in nitrite-free pork meat batter were assessed. Five treatments were elaborated: Control (without US); TUS10'12 and TUS20'12 (sonication at 25 kHz, at 12 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively); TUS10'18 and TUS20'18 (sonication at 25 kHz, at 18 °C for 10 and 20 min, respectively). Sonication for 20 min at 12 °C increased OxyMb and DeoxyMb pigments while reducing MetMb levels. This US condition also yielded higher red color indices and lower yellow color indices. Moreover, TUS20'12 exhibited enhanced nitrous pigment formation and decreased FerrylMb and free sulfhydryl (SH) values, indicating reduced oxidation in OxyMb and DeoxyMb pigments. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that US can impart a cured color to nitrite-free meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim Sena Vaz Leães
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Mariana Basso Pinton
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvino Sasso Robalo
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Federal University of Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Llauger M, Arnau J, Albano-Gaglio M, Bover-Cid S, Martín B, Bou R. Utilization of Porcine Livers through the Formation of Zn-Protoporphyrin Pigment Optimized by a Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091903. [PMID: 37174439 PMCID: PMC10178239 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for clean-label products. This study aimed to obtain a food-grade coloring ingredient for meat products based on the formation of Zn-protoporphyrin from porcine livers, thus contributing to the development of nitrite-free products. First, the effects of sodium disulfite and acetic, ascorbic, and lactic acids on the formation of Zn-protoporphyrin and the total microbial count were studied. The combination of ascorbic and acetic acids resulted in a higher Zn-protoporphyrin content than acetic acid alone, and microbial levels were maintained (ca. 3 log CFU/mL). Second, a response surface methodology was used to maximize Zn-protoporphyrin while maintaining microbiological food standards. To that end, the effects of pH (4.2-5.4), incubation time (3-30 h), and temperature (25-50 °C) were studied. The selected conditions for Zn-protoporphyrin formation involved anaerobic incubation at pH 4.8 and 45 °C for 24 h. The safety was validated through challenge testing for relevant pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Clostridium perfringens). A significant reduction (>6 log units) was observed in the selected conditions for L. monocytogenes and Salmonella, whereas C. perfringens spores remained at the inoculated levels. The optimized procedure is proven to be microbiologically safe, and may improve the color of nitrite-free meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Llauger
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Jacint Arnau
- Food Quality and Technology Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Michela Albano-Gaglio
- Food Quality and Technology Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Sara Bover-Cid
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Belén Martín
- Food Safety and Functionality Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Ricard Bou
- Food Quality and Technology Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
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Cava R, Ladero L. Pomegranate peel as a source of antioxidants for the control of lipid and protein oxidation during the ripening of Iberian dry uncured sausages. Meat Sci 2023; 202:109198. [PMID: 37130497 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate a pomegranate peel extract (PPE), selected for its level of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities, as a nitrite substitute in dry sausages, as well as its effect on lipid and protein oxidative changes and instrumental colour during the drying period (28 days). Of the extraction solvents screened, water: acetone 3:7 (v/v) was the most effective extraction solvent, yielding extracts with the highest content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins and antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH and FRAP). Four batches of dry sausages were produced with different incoming amounts of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and PPE: 1) 150 ppm NaNO2; 2) 0 ppm NaNO2; 3) 0 ppm NaNO2 + 1% PPE (v/w) and 4) 0 ppm NaNO2 + 2% PPE (v/w). Nitrite removal increased lipid oxidation in uncured dry sausages, while nitrite and PPE caused lower TBA-RS values in cured and PPE treated sausages. During drying, both nitrite and PPE addition significantly decreased carbonyl and thiol contents compared to the uncured dry sausages. A dose-response was found for PPE, with lower carbonyl and thiol concentrations, the higher the level of PPE added. PPE significantly modified instrumental colour coordinates L*a*b* producing significant total colour changes compared to cured dry sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cava
- Universidad de Extremadura, Grupo de Investigación TRADINNOVAL, Instituto de Biotecnología Ganadera y Cinegética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Cáceres 10003, Spain.
| | - Luis Ladero
- R&D Department, INCARLOPSA, Guijuelo, Salamanca 137770, Spain.
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Jin SK, Kim GD. Effects of nitrite-rich and pigment-rich substitutes for sodium nitrite on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages during cold storage. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109193. [PMID: 37068409 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrite-rich (celery powder; CP) and pigment-rich (purple sweet potato powder, PSP; red beet powder, RB) substitutes for synthetic sodium nitrite (CON) on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages during four weeks of cold storage. Natural substitutes decreased the pH, lightness, and textural properties of pork sausages during storage (P < 0.05). Pigment-rich substitutes showed a decreased antioxidant effect after two weeks of storage when compared to the nitrite-rich groups (CON and CP; P < 0.05). Pigment-rich substitutes also accelerated the discoloration of pork sausages by increasing yellowness (RB and PSP) and decreasing redness (PSP) during storage (P < 0.05). However, these two pigment-rich substitutes showed different trends in redness (higher in PSP and lower in RB) and yellowness (higher in RB and lower in PSP) when compared to the nitrite-rich groups (CON and CP). Different types (nitrite-rich and pigment-rich) of natural substitutes for sodium nitrite had different effects on the quality characteristics of emulsion-type pork sausages throughout the four weeks of storage evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Keun Jin
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Niklas AA, Borge GIA, Rødbotten R, Berget I, Müller MHB, Herrmann SS, Granby K, Kirkhus B. Levels of nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in model sausages during heat treatment and in vitro digestion - The impact of adding nitrite and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Food Res Int 2023; 166:112595. [PMID: 36914322 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite derivatives react with endogenous precursors forming N-nitrosamines associated with development of colorectal cancer. The present study aims to investigate the formation of N-nitrosamines in sausage during processing and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion after adding sodium nitrite and/or spinach emulsion. The INFOGEST digestion protocol was used to simulate the oral, gastric, and small intestinal phases of digestion, and sodium nitrite was added in the oral phase to mimic the input of nitrite from saliva as it has shown to affect the endogenous formation of N-nitrosamines. The results show that the addition of spinach emulsion, in spite of it being a source of nitrate, did not affect the nitrite content in either batter, sausage, or roasted sausage. The levels of N-nitrosamines increased with the added amount of sodium nitrite, and further formation of some volatile N-nitrosamines was observed during roasting and in vitro digestion. In general, N-nitrosamine levels in the intestinal phase followed the same trend as in the undigested products. The results further indicate that nitrite present in saliva may cause a significant increase in N-nitrosamine levels in the gastrointestinal tract and that bioactive components in spinach may protect against the formation of volatile N-nitrosamines both during roasting and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Niklas
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Grethe Iren A Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Rune Rødbotten
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Ingunn Berget
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Mette H B Müller
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, NO-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Susan S Herrmann
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kit Granby
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bente Kirkhus
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, NO-1433 Ås, Norway
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Shen Q, Zeng X, Kong L, Sun X, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Research Progress of Nitrite Metabolism in Fermented Meat Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071485. [PMID: 37048306 PMCID: PMC10094046 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is a common color and flavor enhancer in fermented meat products, but its secondary amines may transfer to the carcinogen N-nitrosamines. This review focuses on the sources, degradation, limitations, and alteration techniques of nitrite. The transition among NO3− and NO2−, NH4+, and N2 constitutes the balance of nitrogen. Exogenous addition is the most common source of nitrite in fermented meat products, but it can also be produced by contamination and endogenous microbial synthesis. While nitrite is degraded by acids, enzymes, and other metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), four nitrite reductase enzymes play a leading role. At a deeper level, nitrite metabolism is primarily regulated by the genes found in these bacteria. By incorporating antioxidants, chromogenic agents, bacteriostats, LAB, or non-thermal plasma sterilization, the amount of nitrite supplied can be decreased, or even eliminated. Finally, the aim of producing low-nitrite fermented meat products is expected to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
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13
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Li B, Yang Y, Ding Y, Ge Y, Xu Y, Xie Y, Shi Y, Le G. Dityrosine in food: A review of its occurrence, health effects, detection methods, and mitigation strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:355-379. [PMID: 36382862 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein and amino acid oxidation in food products produce many new compounds, of which the reactive and toxic compound dityrosine, derived from oxidized tyrosine, is the most widely studied. The high reactivity of dityrosine enables this compound to induce oxidative stress and disrupt thyroid hormone function, contributing to the pathological processes of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, aging, and age-related diseases. From the perspective of food safety and human health, protein-oxidation products in food are the main concern of consumers, health management departments, and the food industry. This review highlights the latest research on the formation pathways, toxicity, detection methods, occurrence in food, and mitigation strategies for dityrosine. Furthermore, the control of dityrosine in family cooking and food-processing industry has been discussed. Food-derived dityrosine primarily originates from high-protein foods, such as meat and dairy products. Considering its toxicity, combining rapid high sensitivity dityrosine detection techniques with feasible control methods could be an effective strategy to ensure food safety and maintain human health. However, the current dityrosine detection and mitigation strategies exhibit some inherent characteristics and limitations. Therefore, developing technologies for rapid and effective dityrosine detection and control at the industrial level is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
| | - Yinyi Ding
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yueting Ge
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
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14
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Huang P, Luo H, Chen C, Li P, Xu B. Bacterial nitric oxide synthase in colorizing meat products: Current development and future directions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4362-4372. [PMID: 36322689 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2141679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite has been widely used in meat products for its abilities including color formation, antimicrobial properties, flavor formation and preventing lipid oxidation. However, the possible generation of N-nitrosamines through reaction of nitrite with secondary amines arises many concerns in the usage of nitrite. For a long time, nitrite substitution is unsettled issue in the meat industry. Many attempts have been tried, however, the alternative solutions are often ephemeral and palliative. In recent years, bacterial nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) has received attention for its critical roles, especially in reddening meat products. This comprehensive background study summarizes the application of bNOS in colorizing meat products, its functions in bacteria, and methods of regulating the bNOS pathway. Based on this information, some strategies for promoting the nitric oxide yield for effectively substituting nitrite are presented, such as changing the environmental conditions for bacterial survival and adding substrate. Thus, bNOS is a promising nitrite substitute for color formation, and further research on its other roles in meat needs to be carried out to obtain the complete picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Huiting Luo
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Conggui Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peijun Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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15
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Liu X, Geng R, Li B, Ning P, Zhu T. Sodium ascorbate as additive in red mud slurry for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification: Insights into the multiple influence factors and reaction mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135683. [PMID: 35843437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ultra-low emission demand of SO2 and NOx in flue gas, a new absorption method was proposed to improve the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency and reduce the amount of ozone by using sodium ascorbate as an additive in red mud slurry. Compared with pure red mud slurry, the red mud (RM) + sodium ascorbate (SA) slurry significantly improved the denitrification efficiency from 24% to 84% and the desulfurization efficiency to 98%. Meanwhile, the effects of RM, SA concentration, reaction time and O3/NO molar ratio on desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies were studied. The results showed that the RM + SA composite slurry maintained high efficiencies of desulfurization and denitrification for 240 min under the optimized conditions. As an antioxidant, the introduction of SA inhibited the excessive oxidation of sulfite, and itself could easily react with NO2 through the redox reaction, greatly promoting the absorption of NO2. In addition, the reaction mechanism of the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO2 by red mud and sodium ascorbic mixed slurry combined was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ran Geng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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16
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Shakil MH, Trisha AT, Rahman M, Talukdar S, Kobun R, Huda N, Zzaman W. Nitrites in Cured Meats, Health Risk Issues, Alternatives to Nitrites: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3355. [PMID: 36359973 PMCID: PMC9654915 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is one of the most widely used curing ingredients in meat industries. Nitrites have numerous useful applications in cured meats and a vital component in giving cured meats their unique characteristics, such as their pink color and savory flavor. Nitrites are used to suppress the oxidation of lipid and protein in meat products and to limit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Clostridium botulinum. Synthetic nitrite is frequently utilized for curing due to its low expenses and easier applications to meat. However, it is linked to the production of nitrosamines, which has raised several health concerns among consumers regarding its usage in meat products. Consumer desire for healthier meat products prepared with natural nitrite sources has increased due to a rising awareness regarding the application of synthetic nitrites. However, it is important to understand the various activities of nitrite in meat curing for developing novel substitutes of nitrites. This review emphasizes on the effects of nitrite usage in meat and highlights the role of nitrite in the production of carcinogenic nitrosamines as well as possible nitrite substitutes from natural resources explored also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mynul Hasan Shakil
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Anuva Talukder Trisha
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Talukdar
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Rovina Kobun
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wahidu Zzaman
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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17
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Boonyawan D, Lamasai K, Umongno C, Rattanatabtimtong S, Yu L, Kuensaen C, Maitip J, Thana P. Surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma-treated pork cut parts: bactericidal efficacy and physiochemical characteristics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10915. [PMID: 36247123 PMCID: PMC9561744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining agro-food product safety remains a significant challenge for satisfying local and global consumers in tropical countries. This issue has been growing due to new pathogen strains, low infectious doses, increased virulence, antibiotic resistance, cross-contamination or recontamination of foods, food-contact surfaces, and biocontamination of water within the food production chain. To respond to this situation, we studied the inactivation efficacy of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma against pathogens on the surface of various pork cut parts, including the loin, hip, belly, liver, and intestine. The SDBD plasma was operated at 0.30 W/cm2 in ambient air, with a gap of 5.0 mm between the plasma generator and the sample surface. Up to 96% germicidal efficiency against surface pathogens were observed, showing after 1 min of SDBD plasma exposure. Visualization of reactive species deposition on the treated surface using KI-starch agar gel reagent indicated a non-uniform distribution of the SDBD-generated reactive species on the treated surface. Following the indirect plasma treatment by the SDBD reactor, the overall color of pork cut samples after plasma treatment was significantly different compared with before. However, the surface morphology and structural characterization of the treated pork cut samples were not significantly altered, and residual nitrites and nitrates were lower than the restriction level for safe consumption. The SDBD reactor should be developed further to produce a uniform distribution of reactive species on the meat surface for the improvement of the decontamination effect without undesirable effects on meat quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Boonyawan
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - K. Lamasai
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - C. Umongno
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - S. Rattanatabtimtong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - L.D. Yu
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - C. Kuensaen
- International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - J. Maitip
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand
| | - P. Thana
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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18
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Tabanelli G, Barbieri F, Soglia F, Magnani R, Gardini G, Petracci M, Gardini F, Montanari C. Safety and technological issues of dry fermented sausages produced without nitrate and nitrite. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Ma G, Wang Z, Yu Q, Han L, Chen C, Guo Z. Effects of low-dose sodium nitrite on the structure of yak meat myoglobin during wet curing. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100434. [PMID: 36211786 PMCID: PMC9532770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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de Siqueira FC, Barbosa-Carvalho APP, Costa Leitão DDST, Furtado KF, Chagas-Junior GCA, Lopes AS, Chisté RC. Scavenging Capacity of Extracts of Arrabidaea chica Leaves from the Amazonia against ROS and RNS of Physiological and Food Relevance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101909. [PMID: 36290636 PMCID: PMC9598737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrabidaea chica, a medicinal plant found in the Amazon rainforest, is a promising source of bioactive compounds which can be used to inhibit oxidative damage in both food and biological systems. In this study, the in vitro scavenging capacity of characterized extracts of A. chica leaves, obtained with green solvents of different polarities [water, ethanol, and ethanol/water (1:1, v/v)] through ultrasound-assisted extraction, was investigated against reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, namely superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−). The extract obtained with ethanol–water presented about three times more phenolic compound contents (11.8 mg/g) than ethanol and water extracts (3.8 and 3.6 mg/g, respectively), with scutellarein being the major compound (6.76 mg/g). All extracts showed high scavenging efficiency against the tested ROS and RNS, in a concentration-dependent manner with low IC50 values, and the ethanol–water extract was the most effective one. In addition, all the extracts were five times more efficient against ROO• than Trolox. Therefore, the extracts from A. chica leaves exhibited high promising antioxidant potential to be used against oxidative damage in food and physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francilia Campos de Siqueira
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kalebe Ferreira Furtado
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Santos Lopes
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- School of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Renan Campos Chisté
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- School of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Renan Campos Chisté, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01-Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lipid Oxidation in Cured Meat Model Systems Containing Either Antioxidant or Prooxidant: A Comparative Study on the Determination of Malondialdehyde Concentration by Using Conventional, Test Kit and Chromatographic Assays. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Glucose boosts protein oxidation/nitration during simulated gastric digestion of myofibrillar proteins by creating a severe pro-oxidative environment. Food Chem 2022; 397:133805. [PMID: 35914463 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The severe pro-oxidative environment in the stomach promotes oxidation of dietary components. The pro-oxidant molecular mechanisms of reducing sugars on this environment are unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in protein oxidation and nitration during a simulated gastric digestion (porcine pepsin, 37 °C, 2 h) of meat proteins, these were exposed to several dietary reactive components namely myoglobin, glucose, glyoxal, myoglobin + glucose and myoglobin + glyoxal. Two versions of each experimental unit were prepared depending on the addition or absence of nitrite. Compared to control (only meat proteins), myoglobin + glucose showed the highest pro-oxidative and pro-nitrosative effect (p < 0.001), likely caused by an increase in ROS derived from the degradation of glucose during assay. Nitrite promoted the occurrence of protein nitration but decreased protein oxidation in myoglobin-added groups (p < 0.001) by, plausibly, stabilizing heme iron. These results indicate the relevant role of glyco-oxidation during digestion of red meat with other dietary components such as reducing sugars.
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23
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Wang X, Yu Q, He L, Zhang Q, Ma J. Effects of nitrite concentrations on the quality and protein oxidation of salted meat. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3978-3994. [PMID: 35880694 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sodium nitrite on the quality and protein oxidation of salted meat during 21 days of curing. The salted meat was treated with sodium nitrite at 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg for curing, and salted meat without sodium nitrite was used as a control. The results showed that in salted meat added with sodium nitrite, the carbonyl group, disulfide bond, dityrosine, surface hydrophobicity, and the transformation rate from α-helix to β-sheet were all significantly reduced, whereas the sulfhydryl group content of myofibrillar proteins was significantly increased compared to the control. Meanwhile, the total volatile basic nitrogen and aerobic plate content were significantly decreased, while both the pH and a* value were significantly increased with an increase in nitrite concentration compared to the control group. Importantly, this phenomenon was also observed in salted meat treated with low doses of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg). In conclusion, the quality of salted beef can be improved by adding low-dose sodium nitrite to inhibit protein oxidation during the curing process. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A low dose of sodium nitrite inhibited the rate of α-helix to β-sheet transformation of myofibrillar proteins in salted meat, reducing the exposure of hydrophobic groups and decreasing the production of protein oxidation products and TVB-N to improve the quality of salted meat. These results provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of low-dose sodium nitrite in meat processing enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jibing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Luo J, Xu W, Liu Q, Zou Y, Wang D, Zhang J. Dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment of pork loin: Effects on muscle physicochemical properties and emulsifying properties of pork myofibrillar protein. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Foley EL, Hvitved AN, Eich RF, Olson JS. Mechanisms of nitric oxide reactions with Globins using mammalian myoglobin as a model system. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Zając M, Zając K, Dybaś J. The effect of nitric oxide synthase and arginine on the color of cooked meat. Food Chem 2022; 373:131503. [PMID: 34749089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, it has been suggested that the NO-synthase enzyme may be responsible for color formation in fermented sausages. Thus, this is the first study in which the aim was to analyze the effects of direct NO-synthase and arginine application to meat on its color after heating. Myoglobin forms as well as the presence of NO-myoglobin were investigated. The color of the meat and myoglobin forms present in the samples were mainly affected by pH differences, caused by a HEPES buffer or arginine. None of the variants demonstrated a bright pink color as in the case of the heated nitrite-cured sample. Based on analysis of the absorption spectra, it can be concluded that there is some evidence of nitroso-complex formation. Therefore, it is probable that optimizing the pH/time/temperature conditions for NO-synthase activity would allow to obtain a desirable color effect. NO-synthase could be used as an alternative curing ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Zając
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Jakub Dybaś
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
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Liu R, Yang L, Yang T, Qin M, Li K, Bao W, Wu M, Yu H, Wu S, Ge Q. Effect of nitric oxide treatment on pork meat quality, microstructure, and total bacterial count during postmortem aging. Meat Sci 2022; 190:108806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Marcinkowska-Lesiak M, Wojtasik-Kalinowska I, Onopiuk A, Stelmasiak A, Wierzbicka A, Poltorak A. Application of atmospheric pressure cold plasma activated plant protein preparations solutions as an alternative curing method for pork sausages. Meat Sci 2022; 187:108751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Schopfer B, Mitrenga S, Boulaaba A, Roolfs K, Plötz M, Becker A. Red beet and Swiss chard juice extract as natural nitrate sources for the production of alternatively-cured emulsion-type sausages. Meat Sci 2022; 188:108780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Stoica M, Antohi VM, Alexe P, Ivan AS, Stanciu S, Stoica D, Zlati ML, Stuparu-Cretu M. New Strategies for the Total/Partial Replacement of Conventional Sodium Nitrite in Meat Products: a Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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GRADINARSKA DN, VALKOVA-YORGOVA KI, DANOV KR. Effect of red wine in dry fermented sausages produced with a starter culture for improving their quality and safety. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.47722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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A comprehensive review of advanced glycosylation end products and N- Nitrosamines in thermally processed meat products. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Yu M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shang M, Wang L, Zhuang Y, Lv X. A colorimetric and fluorescent dual-readout probe based on red emission carbon dots for nitrite detection in meat products. Food Chem 2021; 374:131768. [PMID: 34891086 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) is widely present in the human environment and accurate, sensitive and selective detecting of nitrite is of vital significance for food safety and water quality. Herein, a novel red emission carbon dots (r-CDs) fluorescent probe was fabricated for dual-mode detection of nitrite, which was capable of both convenient colorimetric analysis and accurate fluorometric detection. When NO2- is added to the rose-red r-CDs solution, NO2- interacts with the amino groups which on the surface of r-CDs to form diazotized substance, resulting in that the colorimetric color of r-CDs solution realizes the transition from rose red to light purple, and the red fluorescence is gradually quenched. The detection limits of colorimetric and fluorescence for NO2- were 0.193 μM and 0.149 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the dual-readout probe revealed satisfactory recovery and reliability when analyzing the concentration of NO2- in ham and bacon samples..
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Shang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuting Zhuang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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34
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Bao Y, Ertbjerg P, Estévez M, Yuan L, Gao R. Freezing of meat and aquatic food: Underlying mechanisms and implications on protein oxidation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5548-5569. [PMID: 34564951 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent decades,protein oxidation in muscle foods has gained increasing research interests as it is known that protein oxidation can affect eating quality and nutritional value of meat and aquatic products. Protein oxidation occurs during freezing/thawing and frozen storage of muscle foods, leading to irreversible physicochemical changes and impaired quality traits. Controlling oxidative damage to muscle foods during such technological processes requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of freezing-induced protein oxidation. This review focus on key physicochemical factors in freezing/thawing and frozen storage of muscle foods, such as formation of ice crystals, freeze concentrating and macromolecular crowding effect, instability of proteins at the ice-water interface, freezer burn, lipid oxidation, and so on. Possible relationships between these physicochemical factors and protein oxidation are thoroughly discussed. In addition, the occurrence of protein oxidation, the impact on eating quality and nutrition, and controlling methods are also briefly reviewed. This review will shed light on the complicated mechanism of protein oxidation in frozen muscle foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Per Ertbjerg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Estévez
- Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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35
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Rosier BT, Palazón C, García-Esteban S, Artacho A, Galiana A, Mira A. A Single Dose of Nitrate Increases Resilience Against Acidification Derived From Sugar Fermentation by the Oral Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:692883. [PMID: 34195102 PMCID: PMC8238012 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.692883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth decay starts with enamel demineralization due to an acidic pH, which arises from sugar fermentation by acidogenic oral bacteria. Previous in vitro work has demonstrated that nitrate limits acidification when incubating complex oral communities with sugar for short periods (e.g., 1-5 h), driven by changes in the microbiota metabolism and/or composition. To test whether a single dose of nitrate can reduce acidification derived from sugar fermentation in vivo, 12 individuals received a nitrate-rich beetroot supplement, which was compared to a placebo in a blinded crossover setting. Sucrose-rinses were performed at baseline and 2 h after supplement or placebo intake, and the salivary pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and lactate were measured. After nitrate supplement intake, the sucrose-induced salivary pH drop was attenuated when compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). Salivary nitrate negatively correlated with lactate production and positively with ΔpH after sucrose exposure (r= -0.508 and 0.436, respectively, both p < 0.05). Two additional pilot studies were performed to test the effect of sucrose rinses 1 h (n = 6) and 4 h (n = 6) after nitrate supplement intake. In the 4 h study, nitrate intake was compared with water intake and bacterial profiles were analysed using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and qPCR detection of Rothia. Sucrose rinses caused a significant pH drop (p < 0.05), except 1 h and 4 h after nitrate supplement intake. After 4 h of nitrate intake, there was less lactate produced compared to water intake (p < 0.05) and one genus; Rothia, increased in abundance. This small but significant increase was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Rothia and Neisseria negatively correlated with lactate production (r = -0.601 and -0.669, respectively) and Neisseria positively correlated with pH following sucrose intake (r = 0.669, all p < 0.05). Together, these results show that nitrate can acutely limit acidification when sugars are fermented, which appears to result from lactate usage by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Future studies should assess the longitudinal impact of daily nitrate-rich vegetable or supplement intake on dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Palazón
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Esteban
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Elche, FISABIO Foundation, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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36
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37
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Nitrite reduction in fermented meat products and its impact on aroma. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 95:131-181. [PMID: 33745511 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fermented meat products are important not only for their sensory characteristics, nutrient content and cultural heritage, but also for their stability and convenience. The aroma of fermented meat products is unique and its formation mechanisms are not completely understood; however, the presence of nitrite and nitrate is essential for the development of cured aroma. The use of nitrite and nitrate as curing agents in meat products is based on its preservation activity. Even though their presence has been associated with several risks due to the formation of nitrosamines, their use is guarantee due to their antimicrobial action against Clostridium botulinum. Recent trends and recommendations by international associations are directed to use nitrite but at the minimum concentration necessary to provide the antimicrobial activity against Clostridium botulinum. This chapter discuss the actual limits of nitrite and nitrite content and their role as curing agents in meat products with special impact on dry fermented products. Regulatory considerations, antimicrobial mechanisms and actual trends regarding nitrite reduction and its effect on sensory and aroma properties are also considered.
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38
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Kauser-Ul-Alam M, Hayakawa T, Kumura H, Wakamatsu JI. High ZnPP-forming food-grade lactic acid bacteria as a potential substitute for nitrite/nitrate to improve the color of meat products. Meat Sci 2021; 176:108467. [PMID: 33640646 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)-forming food-grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from various sources for their ability to improve the color of meat products. The effects of salt and nitrite on the ZnPP-forming ability of these bacteria were also investigated. Finally, these bacteria were applied in salt-added minced meat to assess their ability to improve the color. Twenty-five LAB were screened for their ZnPP-forming ability in pork. Most of the strains exhibited maximum growth anaerobically in 3% salt at 30 °C and grew well at pH 5.5 and 6.5. Moreover, 3% salt slightly retarded ZnPP formation; however, nitrite completely inhibited ZnPP formation in all the ZnPP-forming LAB. Thirteen LAB (avoiding duplication and non-food-grade) could form ZnPP in salt-added minced meat, resulting in improvement of the bright red color, high ZnPP autofluorescence, and increased fluorescence intensity. Finally, considering the safety, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, and Leuconostoc lactis were suggested as promising candidates to improve the color of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kauser-Ul-Alam
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Haruto Kumura
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Applied Food Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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39
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Bonifacie A, Promeyrat A, Nassy G, Gatellier P, Santé-Lhoutellier V, Théron L. Chemical reactivity of nitrite and ascorbate in a cured and cooked meat model implication in nitrosation, nitrosylation and oxidation. Food Chem 2021; 348:129073. [PMID: 33524692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite, added to cured meat for its bacteriological and technological properties, is implicated in the formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs), such as nitrosylheme, nitrosamines and nitrosothiols, suspected to have a potential impact on human health. The mechanisms involved in NOC formation are studied in regard with the dose-response relationship of added nitrite and its interaction with ascorbate on NOC formation in a cured and cooked meat model. The impact of a second cooking stage on nitrosation was evaluated. The addition of nitrite in the cured and cooked model promoted heme iron nitrosylation and S-nitrosation but not N-nitrosation. Nitrite reduced lipid oxidation without an additional ascorbate effect. The second cooking sharply increased the nitrosamine content while the presence of ascorbate considerably lowered their levels and protected nitrosothiols from degradation. This study gives new insights on the chemical reactivity of NOCs in a cured meat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bonifacie
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France; IFIP - Institut du Porc, 7 Avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Aurélie Promeyrat
- IFIP - Institut du Porc, La motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35561 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Nassy
- IFIP - Institut du Porc, La motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, 35561 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Gatellier
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Véronique Santé-Lhoutellier
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Laetitia Théron
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France.
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40
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Shpaizer A, Kanner J, Tirosh O. S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NAC–SNO) vs. nitrite as an anti-clostridial additive for meat products. Food Funct 2021; 12:2012-2019. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02839h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NAC–SNO is an efficient preservative against Clostridium spore germination, and under the same conditions and concentrations generates much less methaemoglobin and detectable N-nitrosoamines in the blood, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Shpaizer
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Food Science and Nutrition
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Rehovot 76100
| | - Joseph Kanner
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Food Science and Nutrition
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Rehovot 76100
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Food Science and Nutrition
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Rehovot 76100
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41
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Bellmaine S, Schnellbaecher A, Zimmer A. Reactivity and degradation products of tryptophan in solution and proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:696-718. [PMID: 32911085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is one of the essential mammalian amino acids and is thus a required component in human nutrition, animal feeds, and cell culture media. However, this aromatic amino acid is highly susceptible to oxidation and is known to degrade into multiple products during manufacturing, storage, and processing. Many physical and chemical processes contribute to the degradation of this compound, primarily via oxidation or cleavage of the highly reactive indole ring. The central contributing factors are reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals; light and photosensitizers; metals; and heat. In a multi-component mixture, tryptophan also commonly reacts with carbonyl-containing compounds, leading to a wide variety of products. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the degradation and interaction products of tryptophan in complex liquid solutions and in proteins. For the purposes of context, a brief summary of the key pathways in tryptophan metabolism will be included, along with common methods and issues in tryptophan manufacturing. The review will focus on the conditions that lead to tryptophan degradation, the products generated in these processes, their known biological effects, and methods which may be applied to stabilize the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bellmaine
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alisa Schnellbaecher
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
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42
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Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Produces Zinc Protoporphyrin IX Both Aerobically and Anaerobically and Improves the Bright Red Color of Fermented Meat Products. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111583. [PMID: 33142787 PMCID: PMC7692285 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the color improvement via zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) formation in nitrite-free, dry-cured sausages processed using five varieties of ZnPP-forming lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The ZnPP contents and color intensity of the sausages and other technological properties were analyzed during the processing of sausages. LAB count and acidity significantly increased in the LAB-inoculated sausages compared to the control group. The bright red color was observed both inside and outside the sausages inoculated with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and Leuconostoc lactis. However, a brown color was observed on the surface of the sausage inoculated with Lactobacillus spp. The redness of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris-inoculated sausages was close to that of the nitrite-added group. Moreover, the external bright red color was improved by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris due to the aerobic formation of ZnPP. Therefore, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris can be used to improve the color of fermented meat products.
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43
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Alirezalu K, Hesari J, Yaghoubi M, Khaneghah AM, Alirezalu A, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM. Combined effects of ε-polylysine and ε-polylysine nanoparticles with plant extracts on the shelf life and quality characteristics of nitrite-free frankfurter-type sausages. Meat Sci 2020; 172:108318. [PMID: 32980722 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ɛ-polylysine (ɛ-PL) or ɛ-polylysine nanoparticle (ɛ-PLN) combined with plants extracts (including green tea, olive leaves and stinging nettle extracts) were used as nitrite replacers in frankfurter-type sausages. The sausage samples were wrapped in polyethylene bags (in vacuum conditions) and their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties were evaluated during 45 days of refrigerated storage. The results showed that the incorporation of ɛ-polylysine had no significant effects on proximate composition of sausages. However, ɛ-PL and ɛ-PLN sausages had significantly (P < 0.05) lower lightness, redness and higher yellowness compared to control samples. At the end of storage, sausages formulated with ɛ-PLN had significantly (P < 0.05) higher contents of phenolic compounds and lowest TBARS values. Microbiological counts also indicated that ɛ-PLN displayed significantly higher inhibitory effects. Higher sensory indices were obtained in ɛ-PLN sausages. Based on the obtained results, ɛ-PLN was effective to improve frankfurter-type sausages shelf life. Therefore, these ingredients could be useful for frankfurter-type sausages production as nitrite replacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Alirezalu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javad Hesari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Yaghoubi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense 32900, Spain
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense 32900, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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44
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Rosier BT, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Corell-Escuin P, Mira A. Isolation and Characterization of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria as Potential Probiotics for Oral and Systemic Health. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555465. [PMID: 33042063 PMCID: PMC7522554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that the reduction of salivary nitrate by oral bacteria can contribute to prevent oral diseases, as well as increase systemic nitric oxide levels that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of the current manuscript was to isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from the oral cavity of healthy donors and test their in vitro probiotic potential to increase the nitrate-reduction capacity (NRC) of oral communities. Sixty-two isolates were obtained from five different donors of which 53 were confirmed to be nitrate-reducers. Ten isolates were selected based on high NRC as well as high growth rates and low acidogenicity, all being Rothia species. The genomes of these ten isolates confirmed the presence of nitrate- and nitrite reductase genes, as well as lactate utilization genes, and the absence of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements and virulence genes. The pH at which most nitrate was reduced differed between strains. However, acidic pH 6 always stimulated the reduction of nitrite compared to neutral pH 7 or slightly alkaline pH 7.5 (p < 0.01). We tested the effect of six out of 10 isolates on in vitro oral biofilm development in the presence or absence of 6.5 mM nitrate. The integration of the isolates into in vitro communities was confirmed by Illumina sequencing. The NRC of the bacterial communities increased when adding the isolates compared to controls without isolates (p < 0.05). When adding nitrate (prebiotic treatment) or isolates in combination with nitrate (symbiotic treatment), a smaller decrease in pH derived from sugar metabolism was observed (p < 0.05), which for some symbiotic combinations appeared to be due to lactate consumption. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between the NRC of oral communities and ammonia production even in the absence of nitrate (R = 0.814, p < 0.01), which indicates that bacteria involved in these processes are related. As observed in our study, individuals differ in their NRC. Thus, some may have direct benefits from nitrate as a prebiotic as their microbiota naturally reduces significant amounts, while others may benefit more from a symbiotic combination (nitrate + nitrate-reducing probiotic). Future clinical studies should test the effects of these treatments on oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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45
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Application of Novel Techniques for Monitoring Quality Changes in Meat and Fish Products during Traditional Processing Processes: Reconciling Novelty and Tradition. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in monitoring changes induced in fish and other seafood, and meat and meat products, following the application of traditional processing processes by means of conventional and emerging advanced techniques. Selected examples from the literature covering relevant applications of spectroscopic methods (i.e., visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR), mid-infrared (MIR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and fluorescence) will be used to illustrate the topics covered in this review. Although a general reluctance toward using and adopting new technologies in traditional production sectors causes a relatively low interest in spectroscopic techniques, the recently published studies have pointed out that these techniques could be a powerful tool for the non-destructive monitoring and process optimization during the production of muscle food products.
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Díaz-Velasco S, González A, Peña FJ, Estévez M. Noxious effects of selected food-occurring oxidized amino acids on differentiated CACO-2 intestinal human cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111650. [PMID: 32745570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of food-occurring oxidized amino acids, namely, aminoadipic acid (AAA), dityrosine (DTYR), L-kynurenine (KN), kynurenic acid (KA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), were studied on differentiated CACO-2 cells by flow cytometry and quantification of glutathione (GSH), and allysine. Cells were exposed to food-relevant doses (200 μM) of each compound for 4 or 72h and compared to a control (no stimulated cells). All oxidized amino acids induced apoptosis and results indicated that underlying mechanisms depended on the chemical nature of the species. AAA, KN and KA caused ROS generation and severe oxidative stress in 96%, 98% and 89% of exposed cells (77% in control cells), leading to significant GSH depletion and allysine accretion (1.5, 1.5 and 1.6 nmol allysine/mg protein, respectively at 4h; control: 0.22 nmol/mg protein; p < 0.05). DTYR and 3NT induced significant apoptosis to 29% and 25% of cells (control: 16%; p < 0.05) and necrosis to 28% and 26% of cells (control: 23%) at 72h by ROS-independent mechanisms. KN and KA were found to induce a cycle arrest effect on CACO-2 cells. These findings emphasize the potential harmful effects of the intake of oxidized proteins and amino acids and urge the necessity of carrying out further molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Díaz-Velasco
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - A González
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F J Peña
- Spermatology Laboratory, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Rosier BT, Buetas E, Moya-Gonzalvez EM, Artacho A, Mira A. Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12895. [PMID: 32732931 PMCID: PMC7393384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Rosier
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Buetas
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - E M Moya-Gonzalvez
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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48
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Bou R, Llauger M, Arnau J, Olmos A, Fulladosa E. Effects of post mortem pH and salting time on Zinc-protoporphyrin content in nitrite-free Serrano dry-cured hams. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109156. [PMID: 32466934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for clean label products and thus the elimination of curing additives in various dry-cured meats is of interest while maintaining colour characteristics. This study was aimed to examine the effect of pH at 24 h post mortem (pHSM24h ≤ 5.4; 5.4 > pHSM24h < 5.9; pHSM24h ≥ 5.9) and salting time (standard vs reduced) on zinc-protoporphyrin content, heme content and other physicochemical parameters of Serrano dry-cured hams manufactured without the addition of curing agents. Results showed that in those hams with higher post mortem pH heme content was increased whereas ZnPP content and proteolysis index were decreased. Reduced salting time decreased salt content whereas ZnPP and heme contents remained unaffected. Lower post mortem pH and reduced salting time led to a higher content in various free fatty acids which, in turn, were found to correlate positively with ZnPP formation. However, the observed changes in heme and ZnPP contents had no effect on the instrumental color of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Bou
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Food Technology, Monells, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121, Spain.
| | - Mar Llauger
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Food Technology, Monells, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121, Spain
| | - Jacint Arnau
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Food Technology, Monells, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121, Spain
| | - Alejandro Olmos
- Monte Nevado, C. San Ignacio, 6 Carbonero el Mayor 40270, Segovia, Spain
| | - Elena Fulladosa
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Food Technology, Monells, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121, Spain
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50
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Zhou Y, Wang Q, Wang S. Effects of rosemary extract, grape seed extract and green tea polyphenol on the formation of
N
‐nitrosamines and quality of western‐style smoked sausage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhou
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun China
| | - QiuYing Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Shujie Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin University Changchun China
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