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López L, Martínez LM, Caicedo JR, Fernández-Vega L, Cunci L. Measurement of Neuropeptide Y in Aptamer-Modified Planar Electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2024; 488:144243. [PMID: 38654828 PMCID: PMC11034791 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for studying the interaction at electrode/solution interfaces. The adoption of EIS for obtaining analytical signals in biosensors based on aptamers is gaining popularity because of its advantageous characteristics for molecular recognition. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), the most abundant neuropeptide in the body, plays a crucial role with its stress-relieving properties. Quantitative measurement of NPY is imperative for understanding its role in these and other biological processes. Although aptamer-modified electrodes for NPY detection using EIS present a promising alternative, the correlation between the data obtained and the adsorption process on the electrodes is not fully understood. Various studies utilize the change in charge transfer resistance when employing an active redox label. In contrast, label-free measurement relies on changes in capacitance. To address these challenges, we focused on the interaction between aptamer-modified planar electrodes and their target, NPY. We proposed utilizing -ω*Zimag as the analytical signal, which facilitated the analysis of the adsorption process using an analogous Langmuir isotherm equation. This approach differs from implantable microelectrodes, which adhere to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Notably, our method obviates the need for a redox label and enables the detection of NPY at concentrations as low as 20 pg/mL. This methodology demonstrated exceptional selectivity, exhibiting a signal difference of over 20-to-1 against potential interfering molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Lyza M. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez – Gurabo, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Jaileen R. Caicedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez – Gurabo, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez – Cupey, 1399 Ave Ana G Mendez, Cupey, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico – Rio Piedras, 17 Ave Universidad Ste 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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Bründl E, Proescholdt M, Schödel P, Rosengarth K, Störr EM, Bele S, Kieninger M, Malsy M, Schmidt NO, Schebesch KM. Both coiling and clipping induce the time-dependent release of endogenous neuropeptide Y into serum. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1325950. [PMID: 38425753 PMCID: PMC10902915 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1325950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The vaso- and psychoactive endogenous Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has repeatedly been shown to be excessively released after subarachnoid hemorrhage and in numerous psychiatric disorders. NPY is stored in sympathetic perivascular nerve fibers around the major cerebral arteries. This prospective study was designed to analyze the impact of microsurgical and endovascular manipulation of the cerebral vasculature versus cranio- and durotomy alone on the serum levels of NPY. Methods 58 patients (drop-out n = 3; m:f = 26:29; mean age 52.0 ± 14.1 years) were prospectively enrolled. The vascular group underwent repair for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) of the anterior circulation [endovascular aneurysm occlusion (EV) n = 13; microsurgical clipping (MS) n = 17]; in the non-vascular group, 14 patients received microsurgical resection of a small-sized convexity meningioma (CM), and 11 patients with surgically treated degenerative lumbar spine disease (LD) served as control. Plasma was drawn (1) before treatment (t0), (2) periprocedurally (t1), (3) 6 h postprocedurally (t2), (4) 72 h postprocedurally (t3), and (5) at the 6-week follow-up (FU; t4) to determine the NPY levels via competitive enzyme immunoassay in duplicate serum samples. We statistically evaluated differences between groups by calculating one-way ANOVA and for changes along the time points using repeated measure ANOVA. Results Except for time point t0, the serum concentrations of NPY ranged significantly higher in the vascular than in the non-vascular group (p < 0.001), with a slight decrease in both vascular subgroups 6 h postprocedurally, followed by a gradual increase above baseline levels until FU. At t3, the EV subgroup showed significantly higher NPY levels (mean ± standard deviation) than the MS subgroup (0.569 ± 0.198 ng/mL vs. 0.415 ± 0.192 ng/mL, p = 0.0217). The highest NPY concentrations were measured in the EV subgroup at t1, t3, and t4, reaching a climax at FU (0.551 ± 0.304 ng/mL). Conclusion Our study reveals a first insight into the short-term dynamics of the serum levels of endogenous NPY in neurosurgical and endovascular procedures, respectively: Direct manipulation within but also next to the major cerebral arteries induces an excessive release of NPY into the serum. Our findings raise the interesting question of the potential capacity of NPY in modulating the psycho-behavioral outcome of neurovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bründl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Schödel
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Section Neurosurgery, Medical Center St. Elisabeth, Straubing, Germany
| | - Katharina Rosengarth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Störr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bele
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kieninger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Malsy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ole Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Michael Schebesch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Barde S, Aguila J, Zhong W, Solarz A, Mei I, Prud'homme J, Palkovits M, Turecki G, Mulder J, Uhlén M, Nagy C, Mechawar N, Hedlund E, Hökfelt T. Substance P, NPY, CCK and their receptors in five brain regions in major depressive disorder with transcriptomic analysis of locus coeruleus neurons. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 78:54-63. [PMID: 37931511 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious disease and a burden to patients, families and society. Rodent experiments and human studies suggest that several neuropeptide systems are involved in mood regulation. The aim of this study is two-fold: (i) to monitor, with qPCR, transcript levels of the substance P/tachykinin (TAC), NPY and CCK systems in bulk samples from control and suicide subjects, targeting five postmortem brain regions including locus coeruleus (LC); and (ii) to analyse expression of neuropeptide family transcripts in LC neurons of 'normal' postmortem brains by using laser capture microdissection with Smart-Seq2 RNA sequencing. qPCR revealed distinct regional expression patterns in male and female controls with higher levels for the TAC system in the dorsal raphe nucleus and LC, versus higher transcripts levels of the NPY and CCK systems in prefrontal cortex. In suicide patients, TAC, TAC receptors and a few NPY family transcript levels were increased mainly in prefrontal cortex and LC. The second study on 'normal' noradrenergic LC neurons revealed expression of transcripts for GAL, NPY, TAC1, CCK, and TACR1 and many other peptides (e.g. Cerebellin4 and CARTPT) and receptors (e.g. Adcyap1R1 and GPR173). These data and our previous results on suicide brains indicates that the tachykinin and galanin systems may be valid targets for developing antidepressant medicines. Moreover, the perturbation of neuropeptide systems in MDD patients, and the detection of further neuropeptide and receptor transcripts in LC, shed new light on signalling in noradrenergic LC neurons and on mechanisms possibly associated with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Julio Aguila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11428, Sweden
| | - Anna Solarz
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josee Prud'homme
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary and Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 11428, Sweden
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva Hedlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sabban EL, Serova L, Nahvi RJ, Liu X. Potential benefits of intranasal neuropeptide Y include sustained extinction of fear memory. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13279. [PMID: 37157881 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence in animals and humans from a variety of approaches demonstrate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain can provide resilience to development of many stress-elicited symptoms. Preclinical experiments demonstrated that delivery of NPY by intranasal infusion to rats shortly after single exposure to traumatic stress in the single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can prevent development of many relevant behavioral alterations weeks later, including heightened anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Here, we examined responses to intranasal NPY in the absence of stress to evaluate the safety profile. Rats were administered intranasal NPY (150 μg/rat) or equal volume of vehicle (distilled water), and 7 days later they were tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). There was no significant difference in the number of entries or duration in the open or closed arms, or in their anxiety index. Defecation on the EPM and immobility on the FST, measures of anxiety and depressive-like behavior respectively, were similar in both groups. To further characterize potential benefits of intranasal NPY, its effect on fear memory and extinction, important features of PTSD, were examined. Intranasal administration of NPY at the time of the traumatic stress had a profound effect on fear conditioning a week later. It prevented the SPS-triggered impairment in the retention of extinguished behavior, both contextual and cued. The findings support the translation of non-invasive intranasal NPY delivery to the brain for PTSD-behaviors including impairments in sustained extinction of fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Lidia Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Roxanna J Nahvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Amaro A, Sousa D, Sá-Rocha M, Ferreira-Junior MD, Rosendo-Silva D, Saavedra LPJ, Barra C, Monteiro-Alfredo T, Gomes RM, de Freitas Mathias PC, Baptista FI, Matafome P. Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents Induces a Neurodevelopment Delay and Anxious-like Behaviour Accompanied by Sex- and Brain-Region-Specific Synaptic and Metabolic Changes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3581. [PMID: 37630771 PMCID: PMC10459868 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional disturbances during the early postnatal period can have long-lasting effects on neurodevelopment and may be related to behavioural changes at adulthood. While such neuronal connection disruption can contribute to social and behaviour alterations, the dysregulation of the neuroendocrine pathways involved in nutrient-sensing balance may also cause such impairments, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate sex-specific neurodevelopmental and behavioural changes upon postnatal overfeeding and determine the potential underpinning mechanisms at the central nervous system level, with a focus on the interconnection between synaptic and neuroendocrine molecular alterations. At postnatal day 3 (PND3) litters were culled to three animals (small litter procedure). Neurodevelopmental tests were conducted at infancy, whereas behavioural tests to assess locomotion, anxiety, and memory were performed at adolescence, together with molecular analysis of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex. At infancy, females presented impaired acquisition of an auditory response, eye opening, olfactory discrimination, and vestibular system development, suggesting that female offspring neurodevelopment/maturation was deeply affected. Male offspring presented a transitory delay in locomotor performance., while both offspring had lower upper limb strength. At adolescence, both sexes presented anxious-like behaviour without alterations in short-term memory retention. Both males and females presented lower NPY1R levels in a region-specific manner. Furthermore, both sexes presented synaptic changes in the hippocampus (lower GABAA in females and higher GABAA levels in males), while, in the prefrontal cortex, similar higher GABAA receptor levels were observed. At the hypothalamus, females presented synaptic changes, namely higher vGLUT1 and PSD95 levels. Thus, we demonstrate that postnatal overfeeding modulates offspring behaviour and dysregulates nutrient-sensing mechanisms such as NPY and GABA in a sex- and brain-region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Amaro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Sousa
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Sá-Rocha
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Rosendo-Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil; (L.P.J.S.); (P.C.d.F.M.)
| | - Cátia Barra
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tamaeh Monteiro-Alfredo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil; (L.P.J.S.); (P.C.d.F.M.)
| | - Filipa I. Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.S.-R.); (M.D.F.-J.); (D.R.-S.); (C.B.); (F.I.B.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School (EsTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
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Karlsson B, Nyberg F, Svärdsudd K, Burell G, Björkegren K, Kristiansson P. Neuropeptide Y and measures of stress in a longitudinal study of women with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Scand J Pain 2023; 23:59-65. [PMID: 35728621 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y is associated with stress in animal and human laboratory studies. However, data from clinical studies are scarce and no clinical longitudinal studies have been published. The aim of this clinical study was to assess the possible association between changes in the levels of pain, depression, and stress measures, on the one hand, and plasma neuropeptide Y levels, on the other. METHODS Forty-four women with the fibromyalgia syndrome were exposed to a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention. Levels of the plasma neuropeptide Y as well as pain, depression, and stress measures were obtained at the start and at the end of the intervention, and after a further six month follow-up. Based on these data, a before-and-after analysis was performed. RESULTS Almost all measures of pain, depression, and stress improved during the study; specifically, variables measuring life control (coping), depression, and stress-related time urgency improved significantly. Moreover, during the same time period, the mean plasma neuropeptide Y level was reduced from 93.2 ± 38.8 fmol/mL before the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to 75.6 ± 42.9 fmol/mL (p<0.001) at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS After exposure to a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention, levels of most of the pain, depression, and stress measures improved, half of them significantly, as did the levels of neuropeptide Y. This circumstance indicates a possible functional relationship between pain-depression-stress and neuropeptide Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fred Nyberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kurt Svärdsudd
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Burell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Björkegren
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Kristiansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhai X, Zhou D, Han Y, Han MH, Zhang H. Noradrenergic modulation of stress resilience. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106598. [PMID: 36481260 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resilience represents an active adaption process in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress. Investigations of neurobiological mechanisms of resilience opens an innovative direction for preclinical research and drug development for various stress-related disorders. The locus coeruleus norepinephrine system has been implicated in mediating stress susceptibility versus resilience. It has attracted increasing attention over the past decades with the revolution of modern neuroscience technologies. In this review article, we first briefly go over resilience-related concepts and introduce rodent paradigms for segregation of susceptibility and resilience, then highlight recent literature that identifies the neuronal and molecular substrates of active resilience in the locus coeruleus, and discuss possible future directions for resilience investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yi Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 518055, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Neuropeptide Y interaction with dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways: interlinked neurocircuits modulating hedonic eating behaviours. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110449. [PMID: 34592387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Independent from homeostatic needs, the consumption of foods originating from hyperpalatable diets is defined as hedonic eating. Hedonic eating can be observed in many forms of eating phenotypes, such as compulsive eating and stress-eating, heightening the risk of obesity development. For instance, stress can trigger the consumption of palatable foods as a type of coping strategy, which can become compulsive, particularly when developed as a habit. Although eating for pleasure is observed in multiple maladaptive eating behaviours, the current understanding of the neurobiology underlying hedonic eating remains deficient. Intriguingly, the combined orexigenic, anxiolytic and reward-seeking properties of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) ignited great interest and has positioned NPY as one of the core neuromodulators operating hedonic eating behaviours. While extensive literature exists exploring the homeostatic orexigenic and anxiolytic properties of NPY, the rewarding effects of NPY continue to be investigated. As deduced from a series of behavioural and molecular-based studies, NPY appears to motivate the consumption and enhancement of food-rewards. As a possible mechanism, NPY may modulate reward-associated monoaminergic pathways, such as the dopaminergic and serotoninergic neural networks, to modulate hedonic eating behaviours. Furthermore, potential direct and indirect NPYergic neurocircuitries connecting classical homeostatic and hedonic neuropathways may also exist involving the anti-reward centre the lateral habenula. Therefore, this review investigates the participation of NPY in orchestrating hedonic eating behaviours through the modulation of monoaminergic pathways.
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Birdogan A, Salur E, Tuzcu F, Gokmen RC, Ozturk Bintepe M, Aypar B, Keser A, Balkan B, Koylu EO, Kanit L, Gozen O. Chronic oral nicotine administration and withdrawal regulate the expression of neuropeptide Y and its receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102184. [PMID: 34425507 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its receptors are involved in the regulation of mood, stress, and anxiety. In parallel, NPY signaling may play a vital role in the negative affective state induced by drug withdrawal. This study examined the changes in the transcript levels of NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system during chronic nicotine exposure and withdrawal. Rats were administered with nicotine (initial dose: 25 μg/ml, maintenance dose: 50 μg/ml, free base) in drinking water for 12 weeks. Control group received only tap water. In the final week of the study, some of the nicotine-treated animals continued to receive nicotine (0-W), whereas some were withdrawn for either 24 (24-W) or 48 (48-W) h. All animals were decapitated after the evaluation of somatic signs (frequency of gasps, eye blinks, ptosis, shakes, teeth chatter) and the duration of locomotor activity and immobility. mRNA levels of NPY, Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors in the mesocorticolimbic system were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results showed that nicotine withdrawal increased overall somatic signs. Moreover, chronic nicotine treatment increased the duration of locomotor activity, whereas withdrawal increased the duration of immobility. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that chronic nicotine treatment increased NPY mRNA levels in the hippocampus. On the other hand, 24- and 48-h withdrawals increased NPY mRNA levels in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), Y1 and Y2 mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens and mPFC, and Y5 mRNA levels in the mPFC. These findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal enhances NPY signaling in the mesocorticolimbic system, which could be an important mechanism involved in regulating the negative affective state triggered during nicotine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Birdogan
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Salur
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fulya Tuzcu
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ramazan C Gokmen
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Buket Aypar
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Keser
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balkan
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ersin O Koylu
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Kanit
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gozen
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey; Ege University, Center for Brain Research, Izmir, Turkey.
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10
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Nahvi RJ, Tanelian A, Nwokafor C, Hollander CM, Peacock L, Sabban EL. Intranasal Neuropeptide Y as a Potential Therapeutic for Depressive Behavior in the Rodent Single Prolonged Stress Model in Females. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:705579. [PMID: 34566592 PMCID: PMC8456029 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.705579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility to stress-elicited disorders is markedly influenced by sex. Women are twice as likely as men to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety disorders, and social impairments following exposure to traumatic stress. However, most of the studies in animal models examining putative therapeutics for stress-triggered impairments, including single prolonged stress (SPS), were performed predominantly with males. Previous studies in males demonstrated that intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) can provide therapeutic relief of many SPS-triggered behaviors, but is ineffective in females at the same dose. Thus, females may need a higher dose of exogenous NPY to attain a therapeutically significant concentration since the overwhelming majority of studies found that NPY levels in females in many brain regions are lower than in male rodents. Here, we examined SPS as an appropriate model to elicit many PTSD-associated symptoms in females and whether intranasal NPY at higher doses than with males is able to alter the development of SPS-triggered behavioral impairments. Sprague-Dawley female rats were exposed to SPS only, or in a separate cohort after SPS stressors were immediately infused intranasally with one of several doses of NPY, starting with 600 μg/rat—four times the dose effective in males. In the third cohort of animals, females were infused intranasally with either 600 μg NPY, omarigliptin [a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor], or both right after the SPS stressors. After 19 days they were tested on several behavioral tests. SPS elicited significant depressive/despair like behavior on the forced swim test (FST), anxiety behavior on the elevated plus maze (EPM), as well as impaired social interaction. On the FST, there was a dose-response effect of intranasal NPY, with 1,200 μg, but not 600 μg, preventing the development of the SPS-elicited depressive-like behavior. The omarigliptin and 600 μg NPY combined treatment, but neither alone, was also sufficient at preventing depressive-like behavior on the FST. The results demonstrate that: (1) SPS elicits several behavioral manifestations of PTSD in females; (2) early intervention with a high dose of intranasal NPY has therapeutic potential also for females; and (3) NPY cleavage by DPP4 may play a role in the higher dose requirement for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanna J Nahvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Arax Tanelian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Chiso Nwokafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Callie M Hollander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Peacock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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11
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Abstract
Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to bounce back from adversity or trauma. Recent advances in resilience research have shifted away from merely describing individual characteristics towards focusing on the complex interactions between individuals and their dynamic personal, community and cultural contexts. It is clear that resilience involves both neurobiological and cultural processes. Neurobiological contributions include genes, epigenetics, stress-response systems, the immune system and neural circuitry. Culture helps to elucidate collective systems of belief and accepted positive adaptations. Importantly, resilience can also be affected by evidence-based interventions and deliberate practice on the part of the individual. This review seeks to understand resilience as a complex and active process that is shaped by neurobiological profiles, developmental experiences, cultural and temporal contexts, and practical training. It uses the COVID-19 pandemic as a case example to better understand individual and group responses to tragedy. We suggest practical recommendations to help populations around the world cope and recover from the global threat of COVID-19.
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12
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Duarte-Neves J, Cavadas C, Pereira de Almeida L. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) intranasal delivery alleviates Machado-Joseph disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3345. [PMID: 33558582 PMCID: PMC7870889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is the most common dominantly-inherited ataxia worldwide with no effective treatment to prevent, stop or alleviate its progression. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuroprotective agent widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Our previous work showed that NPY overexpression mediated by stereotaxically-injected viral vectors mitigates motor deficits and neuropathology in MJD mouse models. To pursue a less invasive translational approach, we investigated whether intranasal administration of NPY would alleviate cerebellar neuropathology and motor and balance impairments in a severe MJD transgenic mouse model. For that, a NPY solution was administered into mice nostrils 5 days a week. Upon 8 weeks of treatment, we observed a mitigation of motor and balance impairments through the analysis of mice behavioral tests (rotarod, beam walking, pole and swimming tests). This was in line with a reduction of cerebellar pathology, evidenced by a preservation of cerebellar granular layer and of Purkinje cells and reduction of mutant ataxin-3 aggregate numbers. Furthermore, intranasal administration of NPY did not alter body weight gain, food intake, amount of body fat nor cholesterol or triglycerides levels. Our findings support the translational potential of intranasal infusion of NPY as a pharmacological intervention in MJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Duarte-Neves
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo 1, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo 1, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Pólo 1, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Yang Y, Yu H, Babygirija R, Shi B, Sun W, Zheng X, Zheng J. Electro-Acupuncture Attenuates Chronic Stress Responses via Up-Regulated Central NPY and GABA A Receptors in Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:629003. [PMID: 33574739 PMCID: PMC7870494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.629003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can increase the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus, resulting in attenuation of gastric motor functions. In contrast, central neuropeptide Y (NPY) can reduce the biological actions of CRF, and in turn weaken stress responses. Although electroacupuncture (EA) at stomach 36 (ST-36) has been shown to have anti-stress effects, its mechanism has not yet been investigated. The effect of EA at ST-36 on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and gastrointestinal motility in chronic complicated stress (CCS) conditions have not been studied and the inhibitory mechanism of NPY on CRF through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor need to be further investigated. A CCS rat model was set up, EA at ST-36 was applied to the bilateral hind limbs every day prior to the stress loading. Further, a GABAA receptor antagonist was intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected daily. Central CRF and NPY expression levels were studied, serum corticosterone and NPY concentrations were analyzed, and gastric motor functions were assessed. CCS rats showed significantly elevated CRF expression and corticosterone levels, which resulted in inhibited gastric motor functions. EA at ST-36 significantly increased central NPY mRNA expression and reduced central CRF mRNA expression as well as the plasma corticosterone level, helping to restore gastric motor function. However, ICV administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist significantly abolished these effects. EA at ST-36 upregulates the hypothalamic NPY system. NPY may, through the GABAA receptor, significantly antagonize the overexpressed central CRF and attenuate the HPA axis activities in CCS conditions, exerting influences and helping to restore gastric motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Reji Babygirija
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weinan Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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López L, Hernández N, Reyes Morales J, Cruz J, Flores K, González-Amoretti J, Rivera V, Cunci L. Measurement of Neuropeptide Y Using Aptamer-Modified Microelectrodes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:973-980. [PMID: 33297678 PMCID: PMC7856015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-modified microelectrodes for Neuropeptide Y measurement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was described here. The advantages of using carbon fiber or platinum microelectrodes are because they are promising materials with high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and high surface area that can be easily modified on their surface. The immobilization and biofouling were studied and compared using EIS. Moreover, the adsorption of NPY to the aptamer-modified microelectrodes was also demonstrated by EIS. Changes of -ω*Zimag, an impedance factor that gives information of the capacitance, is directly correlated with concentrations. A widely linear range was obtained from 10 to 1000 ng/mL of NPY. This method was able to detect NPY without performing a redox reaction by adsorption at the surface of the microelectrodes, with the specificity provided by aptamer functionalization of the microelectrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis López
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Nerika Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Joshua Reyes Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Krystal Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - John González-Amoretti
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Vitmary Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Ana G. Méndez, Carr. 189, Km 3.3, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778, United States
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15
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Brockway DF, Crowley NA. Turning the 'Tides on Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The Role of Peptides in the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:588400. [PMID: 33192369 PMCID: PMC7606924 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.588400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in technology have enabled researchers to probe the brain with the greater region, cell, and receptor specificity. These developments have allowed for a more thorough understanding of how regulation of the neurophysiology within a region is essential for maintaining healthy brain function. Stress has been shown to alter the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning, and evidence links functional impairments in PFC brain activity with neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, a growing body of literature highlights the importance of neuropeptides in the PFC to modulate neural signaling and to influence behavior. The converging evidence outlined in this review indicates that neuropeptides in the PFC are specifically impacted by stress, and are found to be dysregulated in numerous stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. This review explores how neuropeptides in the PFC function to regulate the neural activity, and how genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, lead to dysregulation in neuropeptide systems, which may ultimately contribute to the pathology of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota F Brockway
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nicole A Crowley
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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16
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Neurophysiology and Psychopathology Underlying PTSD and Recent Insights into the PTSD Therapies-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092951. [PMID: 32932645 PMCID: PMC7565106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Pharmacodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been used to treat patients with PTSD. However, it remains unclear whether there are concurrent changes in psychopathological and neurophysiological factors associated with PTSD patients. Past reports described those PTSD patients with efficient fatty acid metabolism, neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy balance could improve ability to cope against the conditioned fear responses and traumatic memories. Furthermore, cognitive, behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence can be combined to create personalized therapies for PTSD sufferers either with or without comorbidities such as depression or memory impairment. Unfortunately, there is still evidence lacking to establish a full understanding of the underlying neurophysiological and psychopathological aspects associated with PTSD. This review has extensively discussed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of genetic factors to cause PTSD, the implications of inflammation, neurotransmitter genomics, metabolic alterations, neuroendocrine disturbance (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis), mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and premature aging related to PTSD-induced psychopathology and neurophysiology. In addition, the review delineated the importance of CBT and several pharmacodynamic therapies to mitigate symptomatology of PTSD.
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17
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Bertocchi I, Oberto A, Longo A, Palanza P, Eva C. Conditional inactivation of Npy1r gene in mice induces sex-related differences of metabolic and behavioral functions. Horm Behav 2020; 125:104824. [PMID: 32755609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone-driven differences in gene expression have been identified in experimental animals, highlighting brain neuronal populations implicated in dimorphism of metabolic and behavioral functions. Neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor (NPY-Y1R) system is sexually dimorphic and sensitive to gonadal steroids. In the present study we compared the phenotype of male and female conditional knockout mice (Npy1rrfb mice), carrying the inactivation of Npy1r gene in excitatory neurons of the brain limbic system. Compared to their male control (Npy1r2lox) littermates, male Npy1rrfb mice exhibited hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is associated with anxiety and executive dysfunction, reduced body weight growth, after-fasting refeeding, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and plasma leptin levels. Conversely, female Npy1rrfb mice displayed an anxious-like behavior but no differences in HPA axis activity, executive function and body weight, compared to control females. Moreover, conditional inactivation of Npy1r gene induced an increase of subcutaneous and gonadal WAT weight and plasma leptin levels and a compensatory decrease of Agouti-related protein immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus in females, compared to their respective control littermates. Interestingly, Npy1r mRNA expression was reduced in the ARC and in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei of female, but not male mice. These results demonstrated that female mice are resilient to hormonal and metabolic effects of limbic Npy1r gene inactivation, suggesting the existence of an estrogen-dependent relay necessary to ensure the maintenance of the homeostasis, that can be mediated by hypothalamic Y1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Longo
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Carola Eva
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Italy.
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18
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Nahvi RJ, Sabban EL. Sex Differences in the Neuropeptide Y System and Implications for Stress Related Disorders. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091248. [PMID: 32867327 PMCID: PMC7564266 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders by intranasal delivery to the brain. However, the vast majority of underlying research has been performed with males despite females being twice as susceptible to many stress-triggered disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, and anxiety disorders. Here, we review sex differences in the NPY system in basal and stressed conditions and how it relates to varied susceptibility to stress-related disorders. The majority of studies demonstrate that NPY expression in many brain areas under basal, unstressed conditions is lower in females than in males. This could put them at a disadvantage in dealing with stress. Knock out animals and Flinders genetic models show that NPY is important for attenuating depression in both sexes, while its effects on anxiety appear more pronounced in males. In females, NPY expression after exposure to stress may depend on age, timing, and nature and duration of the stressors and may be especially pronounced in the catecholaminergic systems. Furthermore, alterations in NPY receptor expression and affinity may contribute to the sex differences in the NPY system. Overall, the review highlights the important role of NPY and sex differences in manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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19
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Serova LI, Hansson E, Sabban EL. Effect of intranasal administration of neuropeptide Y and single prolonged stress on food consumption and body weight in male rats. Neuropeptides 2020; 82:102060. [PMID: 32600666 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that intranasal delivery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to the brain has therapeutic potential for management of stress-triggered neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we aimed to determine how intranasal administration of NPY, either before or immediately after, traumatic stress in single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent model of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) impacts food consumption and body weight. SPS stressors suppressed food consumption for at least two days in the vehicle-treated animals. When given prior to SPS stressors, intranasal NPY prevented the SPS-elicited reduction in food intake only for several hours afterwards. When given after the SPS stressors, under conditions shown to prevent behavioral and biochemical impairments, intranasal NPY had no effect on food intake. Although all groups showed circadian variation, the SPS-exposed rats ate less than unstressed animals during the dark (active) phase. Seven days after exposure to SPS stressors, there were no differences in food intake, although body weight was still lower than unstressed controls in all the experimental groups. Thus, traumatic stress has pronounced effect on food consumption during the rodent's active phase, and a prolonged effect on body weight. Single intranasal infusion of NPY, which was previously shown to prevent development of several PTSD associated behavioral and neuroendocrine impairments, did not elicit prolonged changes in stress triggered food consumption nor regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Evelyn Hansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
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20
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Regev-Tsur S, Demiray YE, Tripathi K, Stork O, Richter-Levin G, Albrecht A. Region-specific involvement of interneuron subpopulations in trauma-related pathology and resilience. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104974. [PMID: 32561495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a minority of trauma-exposed individuals develops Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and active processes may support trauma resilience. Individual behavioral profiling allows investigating neurobiological alterations related to resilience or pathology in animal models of PTSD and is utilized here to examine the activation of different interneuron subpopulations of the dentate gyrus-amygdala system associated with trauma resilience or pathology. To model PTSD, rats were exposed to juvenile stress combined with underwater trauma (UWT) in adulthood. Four weeks later, individual anxiety levels were assessed in the elevated plus maze test for classifying rats as highly anxious 'affected' vs. 'non-affected', i.e. behaving as control animals. Analyzing the activation of specific interneuron subpopulations in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG), the basolateral (BLA) and central amygdala by immunohistochemical double-labeling for cFos and different interneuron markers, revealed an increased activation of cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive interneurons in the ventral DG, together with increased activation of parvalbumin- and CCK-positive interneurons in the BLA of affected trauma-exposed rats. By contrast, increased activation of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive interneurons was observed in the dorsal DG of trauma-exposed, but non-affected rats. To test for a direct contribution of NPY in the dorsal DG to trauma resilience, a local shRNA-mediated knock down was performed after UWT. Such a treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of resilient animals. Our results suggest that distinct interneuron populations are associated with resilience or pathology in PTSD with high regional specificity. NPY within the dorsal DG was found to significantly contribute to trauma resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Regev-Tsur
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Israel; Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Yunus Emre Demiray
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Israel; Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Israel.
| | - Anne Albrecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Israel; Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Magdeburg, Germany
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21
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Nwokafor C, Serova LI, Nahvi RJ, McCloskey J, Sabban EL. Activation of NPY receptor subtype 1 by [D-His 26]NPY is sufficient to prevent development of anxiety and depressive like effects in the single prolonged stress rodent model of PTSD. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102001. [PMID: 31916978 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system plays an important role in mediating resilience to the harmful effect of stress in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It can mediate its effects via several G-protein coupled receptors: Y1R, Y2R, Y4R and Y5R. To investigate the role of individual NPY receptors in the resilience effects of NPY to traumatic stress, intranasal infusion of either Y1R agonists [D-His26]NPY, [Leu31Pro34]NPY, Y2R agonist NPY (3-36) or NPY were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats immediately following the last stressor of the single prolonged stress (SPS) protocol, a widely used PTSD animal model. After 7 or 14 days, effects of the treatments were measured on the elevated plus maze (EPM) for anxiety, in forced swim test (FST) for development of depressive-like or re-experiencing behavior, in social interaction (SI) test for impaired social behavior, and acoustic startle response (ASR) for hyperarousal. [D-His26]NPY, but not [Leu31Pro34]NPY nor NPY (3-36) Y2R, was effective in preventing the SPS-elicited development of anxiety. Y1R, but not Y2R agonists prevented development of depressive- feature on FST, with [D-His26]NPY superior to NPY. The results demonstrate that [D-His26]NPY was sufficient to prevent development of anxiety, social impairment and depressive symptoms, and has promise as an early intervention therapy following traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiso Nwokafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Roxanna J Nahvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jaclyn McCloskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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22
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Huang TW, Li ST, Chen DY, Young TH. Neuropeptide Y increases differentiation of human olfactory receptor neurons through the Y1 receptor. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101964. [PMID: 31526523 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction significantly impedes the life quality of patients. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is not only a neurotrophic factor in the rodent olfactory system but also an orexigenic peptide that regulates feeding behavior. NPY increases the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responsivity during starvation; however, whether NPY can promote differentiation of human ORNs remains unexplored. This study investigates the effect of NPY on the differentiation of human olfactory neuroepithelial cells in vitro. Human olfactory neuroepithelium explants were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene dishes for 21 days. Then, cells were cultured with or without NPY at the concentration of 0.5 ng/mℓ for 7 days. The effects of treatment were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The further mechanism was evaluated with NPY Y1 receptor-selected antagonist BIBP3226. NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells exhibited thin bipolar shape, low circularity, low spread area, and long processes. The expression levels of Ascl1, βIII tubulin, GAP43 and OMP were significantly higher in NPY-treated cells than in controls (p < 0.05). NPY-treated olfactory neuroepithelial cells expressed more components of signal transduction apparatuses, Golf and ADCY3, than those without NPY treatment. Western blot analysis also further confirmed these findings (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression levels of Ascl1, βIII2 tubulin, GAP43, OMP, ADCY3, and Golf in BIBP3226 + NPY and controls were comparable (p > 0.05). NPY not only increases expressions of protein markers of human olfactory neuronal progenitor cells, but also promotes differentiation of ORN and enhances formation of components of olfactory-specific signal transduction pathway through Y1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tien Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Maymon N, Mizrachi Zer-Aviv T, Sabban EL, Akirav I. Neuropeptide Y and cannabinoids interaction in the amygdala after exposure to shock and reminders model of PTSD. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107804. [PMID: 31622603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of cannabinoid and neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors may offer therapeutic benefits for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional interaction between these systems in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in a rat model of PTSD. Rats were exposed to the shock and reminders model of PTSD and tested for hyper arousal/PTSD- and depression-like behaviors 3 weeks later. Immediately after shock exposure rats were microinjected into the BLA with URB597, a selective inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) that increases the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide or with the NPY1 receptor agonist Leu31,Pro34-NPY (Leu). Intra-BLA URB597 prevented the shock/reminders-induced PTSD- behaviors (extinction, startle) and depression-behaviors (despair, social impairments). These preventing effects of URB597 on PTSD- and depression-like behaviors were shown to be mostly mediated by cannabinoid CB1 and NPY1 receptors, as they were blocked when URB597 was co-administered with a low dose of a CB1 or NPY1 receptor antagonist. Similarly, intra-BLA Leu prevented development of all the behaviors. Interestingly, a CB1 antagonist prevented the effects of Leu on despair and social behavior, but not the effects on extinction and startle. Moreover, exposure to shock and reminders upregulated CB1 and NPY1 receptors in the BLA and infralimbic prefrontal cortex and this upregulation was restored to normal with intra-BLA URB597 or Leu. The findings suggest that the functional interaction between the eCB and NPY1 systems is complex and provide a rationale for exploring novel therapeutic strategies that target the cannabinoid and NPY systems for stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Maymon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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24
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The Biology of Human Resilience: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience Across the Life Span. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:443-453. [PMID: 31466561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent scientific and technological advances have brought us closer to being able to apply a true biopsychosocial approach to the study of resilience in humans. Decades of research have identified a range of psychosocial protective factors in the face of stress and trauma. Progress in resilience research is now advancing our understanding of the biology underlying these protective factors at multiple phenotypic levels, including stress response systems, neural circuitry function, and immune responses, in interaction with genetic factors. It is becoming clear that resilience involves active and unique biological processes that buffer the organism against the impact of stress, not simply involve a reversal of pathological mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the field, highlighting key psychosocial milestones and accompanying biological changes during development, and into adulthood and old age. Continued advances in our understanding of psychological, social, and biological determinants of resilience will contribute to the development of novel interventions and help optimize the type and timing of intervention for those most at risk, resulting in a possible new framework for enhancing resilience across the life span.
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25
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Cheon M, Park H, Rhim H, Chung C. Actions of Neuropeptide Y on Synaptic Transmission in the Lateral Habenula. Neuroscience 2019; 410:183-190. [PMID: 31082535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y is a peptide neuromodulator with protective roles including anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The lateral habenula (LHb) is a brain region that encodes aversive information and is closely related with mood disorders. Although LHb neurons express NPY receptors, the physiological roles of NPY in this region remain uninvestigated. In this study, we examined the actions of NPY on synaptic transmission in the LHb using whole cell patch clamp recording. We observed that NPY inhibited excitatory neurotransmission in a subset of LHb neurons whereas potentiating in a small population of neurons. Inhibitory transmission remained unchanged by NPY application in a subset of neurons but was reduced in the majority of LHb neurons recorded. The overall outcome of NPY application was a decrease in the spontaneous firing rate of the LHb, leading to hypoactivation of the LHb. Our observations indicate that although NPY has divergent effects on excitatory and inhibitory transmission, NPY receptor activation decreases LHb activity, suggesting that the LHb may partly mediate the protective roles of NPY in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghyun Cheon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hoyong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-791, South Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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26
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Nwokafor C, Serova LI, Sabban EL. Preclinical findings on the potential of intranasal neuropeptide Y for treating hyperarousal features of PTSD. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1455:149-159. [PMID: 31250475 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic startle response (ASR) assesses hyperarousal, a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) administration was shown to prevent hyperarousal in single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent PTSD model. However, it is unclear how ASR itself alters responses to stress. Rats (A-S-A) were exposed to acoustic startle (AS) 1 day before SPS (ASR1) and 2 weeks afterward (ASR2). Other groups were exposed in parallel to either AS (A-A) or SPS or neither. SPS enhanced ASR2. In relevant brain areas, mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR. In mediobasal hypothalamus, AS or SPS each increased CRH mRNA levels without an additive effect. Exposure to AS appeared to dampen some responses to SPS. The SPS-triggered reduction of GR and FKBP5 gene expression was not observed in A-S-A group. In locus coeruleus, SPS increased CRHR1 and reduced Y2R mRNAs, but not in A-S-A group. In both regions, AS altered NPY receptor gene expression, which may mediate dampening responses to SPS. In second experiment, intranasal NPY administered 2 weeks after SPS reversed hyperarousal symptoms for at least 7 days. This study reveals important effects of AS on the NPY system and demonstrates that intranasal NPY elicits long-lasting reversal of traumatic stress-triggered hyperarousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiso Nwokafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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27
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Kim S, Xing L, Islam AE, Hsiao MS, Ngo Y, Pavlyuk OM, Martineau RL, Hampton CM, Crasto C, Slocik J, Kadakia MP, Hagen JA, Kelley-Loughnane N, Naik RR, Drummy LF. In Operando Observation of Neuropeptide Capture and Release on Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors with Picomolar Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13927-13934. [PMID: 30884221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is being pushed to new capabilities which enable studies on systems that were previously out of reach. Among recent innovations, TEM through liquid cells (LC-TEM) enables in operando observation of biological phenomena. This work applies LC-TEM to the study of biological components as they interact on an abiotic surface. Specifically, analytes or target molecules like neuropeptide Y (NPY) are observed in operando on functional graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors. Biological recognition elements (BREs) identified using biopanning with affinity to NPY are used to functionalize graphene to obtain selectivity. On working devices capable of achieving picomolar responsivity to neuropeptide Y, LC-TEM reveals translational motion, stochastic positional fluctuations due to constrained Brownian motion, and rotational dynamics of captured analyte. Coupling these observations with the electrical responses of the GFET biosensors in response to analyte capture and/or release will potentially enable new insights leading to more advanced and capable biosensor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Xing
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Ming-Siao Hsiao
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Yen Ngo
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Oksana M Pavlyuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45431 , United States
| | - Rhett L Martineau
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Cheri M Hampton
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Cameron Crasto
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Joseph Slocik
- Biological and Nanoscale Technologies Division , UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45432 , United States
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wright State University , Dayton , Ohio 45431 , United States
| | - Joshua A Hagen
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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28
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Serova LI, Nwokafor C, Van Bockstaele EJ, Reyes BAS, Lin X, Sabban EL. Single prolonged stress PTSD model triggers progressive severity of anxiety, altered gene expression in locus coeruleus and hypothalamus and effected sensitivity to NPY. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:482-492. [PMID: 30878321 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PTSD is heterogeneous disorder that can be long lasting and often has delayed onset following exposure to a traumatic event. Therefore, it is important to take a staging approach to evaluate progression of biological mechanisms of the disease. Here, we begin to evaluate the temporal trajectory of changes following exposure to traumatic stressors in the SPS rat PTSD model. The percent of animals displaying severe anxiety on EPM increased from 17.5% at one week to 57.1% two weeks after SPS stressors, indicating delayed onset or progressive worsening of the symptoms. The LC displayed prolonged activation, and dysbalance of the CRH/NPY systems, with enhanced CRHR1 gene expression, coupled with reduced mRNAs for NPY and Y2R. In the mediobasal hypothalamus, increased CRH mRNA levels were sustained, but there was a flip in alterations of HPA regulatory molecules, GR and FKBP5 and Y5 receptor at two weeks compared to one week. Two weeks after SPS, intranasal NPY at 300 µg/rat, but not 150 µg which was effective after one week, reversed SPS triggered elevated anxiety. It also reversed SPS elicited depressive/despair symptoms and hyperarousal. Overall, the results reveal time-dependent progression in development of anxiety symptoms and molecular impairments in gene expression for CRH and NPY systems in LC and mediobasal hypothalamus by SPS. With longer time afterwards only a higher dose of NPY was effective in reversing behavioral impairments triggered by SPS, indicating that therapeutic approaches should be adjusted according to the degree of biological progression of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College Valhalla, Basic Sciences Building, New York, NY 10595, USA
| | - Chiso Nwokafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College Valhalla, Basic Sciences Building, New York, NY 10595, USA
| | | | - Beverly A S Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19012, USA
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College Valhalla, Basic Sciences Building, New York, NY 10595, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College Valhalla, Basic Sciences Building, New York, NY 10595, USA.
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29
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Sabban EL, Serova LI. Potential of Intranasal Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and/or Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) Antagonists for Preventing or Treating PTSD. Mil Med 2019; 183:408-412. [PMID: 29635611 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great need for effective treatment options for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is associated with resilience to traumatic stress. MC4R antagonists, such as HS014, also reduce response to stress. Both regulate stress-responsive systems - the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis (HPA) and the noradrenergic nervous system and their associated behaviors. Therefore, we examined if their intranasal delivery to brain could attenuate development of PTSD-related symptoms in single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent PTSD model. Three regimens were used: (1) prophylactic treatment 30 min before SPS stressors, (2) early intervention right after SPS stressors, (3) therapeutic treatment when PTSD behaviors are manifested 1 wk or more after the traumatic stress. NPY delivered by regimen 1 or 2 prevented SPS-triggered elevation in anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and hyperarousal and reduced dysregulation of HPA axis. Hypothalamic CRH mRNA and GR in ventral hippocampus were significantly induced in vehicle- but not NPY-treated group. NPY also prevented hypersensitivity of LC/NE system to novel mild stressor and induction of CRH in amygdala. Some of these impairments were also reduced with HS014, alone or together with NPY. When given after symptoms were manifested (regiment 3), NPY attenuated anxiety and depressive behaviors. This demonstrates strong preclinical proof of concept for intranasal NPY, and perhaps MC4R antagonists, for non-invasive early pharmacological interventions for PTSD and comorbid disorders and possibly also as therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595
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30
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Abstract
Resilience is defined as the dynamic ability to adapt successfully in the face of adversity, trauma, or significant threat. Some of the key early studies of resilience were observational studies in children. They were followed by research in adults, studies testing interventions to promote resilience in different populations, and a recent upsurge of studies on the underlying genomic and neurobiological mechanisms. Neural and molecular studies in preclinical models of resilience are also increasingly identifying active stress adaptations in resilient animals. Knowledge gained from animal and human studies of resilience can be harnessed to develop new preventive interventions to enhance resilience in at-risk populations. Further, treatment interventions focused on enhancing potentially modifiable protective factors that are consistently linked to psychological resilience can enrich currently available treatment interventions for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Translating our expanding knowledge of the neurobiology of resilience additionally promises to yield novel therapeutic strategies for treating this disabling condition. This review summarizes the vast field of resilience research spanning genomic, psychosocial, and neurobiological levels, and discusses how findings have led and can lead to new preventive and treatment interventions for PTSD.
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31
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Yoon S, Kim YK. Neuroendocrinological treatment targets for posttraumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:212-222. [PMID: 30502374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent, disabling, and frequently becomes chronic. Despite this, only two selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors have been approved to date for its treatment by the United States Food and Drug Administration, and treatment results are often disappointing, with a remission rate of <30%. Certain neuroendocrinological systems are currently gaining attention with respect to their use for PTSD prevention and treatment as standalone options or medication-enhanced psychotherapy due to their involvement in physiological stress reactions, memory consolidation and extinction, cognitive appraisal to stress, and attachment and resilient coping strategies, which are important in the pathogenesis of PTSD. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis system takes the most important role in stress reactions. Hydrocortisone has been studied for the prevention of PTSD, and some meta-analyses have suggested its possible efficacy; furthermore, it has been considered both as monotherapy and as an augmentation to psychotherapy in PTSD patients, with some positive results. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 antagonists have also been considered for clinical use in PTSD treatment. Additionally, other neuroendocrinological systems have been studied in PTSD including the use of oxytocin for PTSD prevention and augmentation to psychotherapy, allopregnanolone, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) for PTSD treatment. For now, however, these studies offer only limited evidence of efficacy, thus it is prudent to study this issue more vigorously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu school of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Czarnecka M, Lu C, Pons J, Maheswaran I, Ciborowski P, Zhang L, Cheema A, Kitlinska J. Neuropeptide Y receptor interactions regulate its mitogenic activity. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:11-24. [PMID: 30503694 PMCID: PMC6532649 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a multifunctional neurotransmitter acting via G protein-coupled receptors - Y1R, Y2R and Y5R. NPY activities, such as its proliferative effects, are mediated by multiple receptors, which have the ability to dimerize. However, the role of this receptor interplay in NPY functions remains unclear. The goal of the current study was to identify NPY receptor interactions, focusing on the ligand-binding fraction, and determine their impact on the mitogenic activity of the peptide. Y1R, Y2R and Y5R expressed in CHO-K1 cells formed homodimers detectable on the cell surface by cross-linking. Moreover, Y1R and Y5R heterodimerized, while no Y2R/Y5R heterodimers were detected. Nevertheless, Y5R failed to block internalization of its cognate receptor in both Y1R/Y5R and Y2R/Y5R transfectants, indicating Y5R transactivation upon stimulation of the co-expressed receptor. These receptor interactions correlated with an augmented mitogenic response to NPY. In Y1R/Y5R and Y2R/Y5R transfectants, the proliferative response started at picomolar NPY concentrations, while nanomolar concentrations were needed to trigger proliferation in cells transfected with single receptors. Thus, our data identify direct and indirect heterotypic NPY receptor interactions as the mechanism amplifying its activity. Understanding these processes is crucial for the design of treatments targeting the NPY system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czarnecka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Pons
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Induja Maheswaran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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33
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Chowdhury VS. Heat Stress Biomarker Amino Acids and Neuropeptide Afford Thermotolerance in Chicks. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:1-11. [PMID: 32055190 PMCID: PMC6993887 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With global warming, heat stress is becoming a pressing concern worldwide. In chickens, heat stress reduces food intake and growth, and increases body temperature and stress responses. Although it is believed that young chicks do not experience heat stress as they need a higher ambient temperature to survive, our series of studies in young chicks showed that they are sensitive to heat stress. This review summarizes current knowledge on amino acid metabolisms during heat stress, with special emphasis on the hypothermic functions of l-citrulline (l-Cit) and l-leucine (l-Leu), and the functions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in terms of body temperature and heat stress regulation in chicks. Amino acid metabolism is severely affected by heat stress. For example, prolonged heat stress reduces plasma l-Cit in chicks and l-Leu in the brain and liver of embryos. l-Cit and l-Leu supplementation affords thermotolerance in young chicks. NPY expression is increased in the brains of heat-exposed chicks. NPY has a hypothermic action under control thermoneutral temperature and heat stress in chicks. The NPY-sub-receptor Y5 is a partial mediator of the hypothermic action of NPY. Further, NPY stimulates brain dopamine concentrations and acts as an anti-stress agent in heat-exposed fasted, but not fed chicks. In conclusion, young chicks can serve as a model animal for the study of heat stress in chickens. l-Cit, l-Leu, and NPY were identified as biomarkers of heat stress, with the potential to afford thermotolerance in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajit S. Chowdhury
- Lab of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Shende P, Desai D. Physiological and Therapeutic Roles of Neuropeptide Y on Biological Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1237:37-47. [PMID: 31468359 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an amino acid, used for various physiological processes for management and treatment of various ailments related to central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastro-intestinal system and endocrinal system. In nasal mucosa, high concentrations of NPY are stored with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve fibers. NPY Y1 receptor mediates nitric oxide levels and reduction in blood flow in nasal mucosa of the human. NPY plays a role in dietary consumption via various factors like signaling the CNS for a prerequisite of energy in hypothalamus by mediating appetite and shows orexigenic effect. NPY emerges as a natural ligand of G-protein coupled receptors which activates the Y-receptors (Y1-Y6). But applications of NPY are limited due to shows the cost inefficiency and stability issues in the formulation design and development. In this review, authors present the findings on various therapeutic applications of NPY on different organ systems. Moreover, its role in food intake, sexual behavior, blood pressure, etc. by inhibiting calcium and activating potassium channels. The combination therapies of drugs with neuropeptide Y and its receptors will show new targets for treating diseases. Further evaluation and detection of NPY needs to be investigated for animal models of various diseases like retinal degeneration and immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Drashti Desai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Golub Y, Schildbach EM, Touma C, Kratz O, Moll GH, von Hörsten S, Canneva F. Role of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation in the stress-resilient phenotype of DPP4-deficient rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:243-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Hökfelt T, Barde S, Xu ZQD, Kuteeva E, Rüegg J, Le Maitre E, Risling M, Kehr J, Ihnatko R, Theodorsson E, Palkovits M, Deakin W, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Prud’homme HJ, Mechawar N, Diaz-Heijtz R, Ögren SO. Neuropeptide and Small Transmitter Coexistence: Fundamental Studies and Relevance to Mental Illness. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:106. [PMID: 30627087 PMCID: PMC6309708 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as transmitters and trophic factors, and play a role particularly when the nervous system is challenged, as by injury, pain or stress. Here neuropeptides and coexistence in mammals are reviewed, but with special focus on the 29/30 amino acid galanin and its three receptors GalR1, -R2 and -R3. In particular, galanin's role as a co-transmitter in both rodent and human noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons is addressed. Extensive experimental animal data strongly suggest a role for the galanin system in depression-like behavior. The translational potential of these results was tested by studying the galanin system in postmortem human brains, first in normal brains, and then in a comparison of five regions of brains obtained from depressed people who committed suicide, and from matched controls. The distribution of galanin and the four galanin system transcripts in the normal human brain was determined, and selective and parallel changes in levels of transcripts and DNA methylation for galanin and its three receptors were assessed in depressed patients who committed suicide: upregulation of transcripts, e.g., for galanin and GalR3 in LC, paralleled by a decrease in DNA methylation, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that, when exposed to severe stress, the noradrenergic LC neurons fire in bursts and release galanin from their soma/dendrites. Galanin then acts on somato-dendritic, inhibitory galanin autoreceptors, opening potassium channels and inhibiting firing. The purpose of these autoreceptors is to act as a 'brake' to prevent overexcitation, a brake that is also part of resilience to stress that protects against depression. Depression then arises when the inhibition is too strong and long lasting - a maladaption, allostatic load, leading to depletion of NA levels in the forebrain. It is suggested that disinhibition by a galanin antagonist may have antidepressant activity by restoring forebrain NA levels. A role of galanin in depression is also supported by a recent candidate gene study, showing that variants in genes for galanin and its three receptors confer increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. In summary, galanin, a neuropeptide coexisting in LC neurons, may participate in the mechanism underlying resilience against a serious and common disorder, MDD. Existing and further results may lead to an increased understanding of how this illness develops, which in turn could provide a basis for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Eugenia Kuteeva
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle Rüegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Swetox, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Erwan Le Maitre
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP 2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bründl E, Proescholdt M, Schödel P, Bele S, Höhne J, Zeman F, Stoerr EM, Brawanski A, Schebesch KM. Excessive release of endogenous neuropeptide Y into cerebrospinal fluid after treatment of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and its possible impact on self-reported neuropsychological performance - results of a prospective clinical pilot study on good-grade patients. Neurol Res 2018; 40:1001-1013. [PMID: 30213237 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1508547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropsychological dysfunction after treatment of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (sSAH) is common but underreported. The vasoconstrictor neuropeptide Y (NPY) is excessively released after sSAH and in psychiatric disorders. We prospectively analysed the treatment-specific differences in the secretion of endogenous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NPY during the acute stage after sSAH and its impact on cognitive processing. METHODS A total of 26 consecutive patients (f:m = 13:8; mean age 50.6 years) with good-grade sSAH were enrolled (drop out n = 5): n = 9 underwent endovascular aneurysm occlusion, n = 6 microsurgery, and n = 6 patients with perimesencephalic SAH received standardized intensive medical care. Ventricular CSF was drawn daily from day 1-10. CSF NPY levels were determined with competitive enzyme immunoassay. All patients underwent neuropsychological self-report assessment [36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and ICD-10-Symptom-Rating questionnaire (ISR)] after the onset of sSAH (day 11-35; t1) and at the 6-month follow-up (t2). RESULTS At t1, increased mean levels of NPY in CSF significantly correlated with impaired performance in most ISR scores (ISR total p = .018, depression p = .035, anxiety p = .008, nutrition disorder p = .047, supplementary items p = .038) and in several psychological SF-36 items (vitality p = .019, general mental health p = .001, mental component summary p = .025). DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to correlate the levels of endogenous NPY in supratentorial CSF with cognitive outcome in good-grade sSAH patients. Excessive NPY release into CSF may have a short-term influence on the pathogenesis of neuropsychological deficits. The impact of cerebrovascular manipulation on NPY release has to be further elucidated. ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA: analysis of variance; aSAH: aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage; AUC: area under the curve; CBF: cerebral blood flow; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CT (scan): computed tomography (scan); CV: cerebral vasospasm; DIND: delayed ischemic neurological deficit; DSA: digital subtraction angiography; EIA: enzyme immunoassay; EV: endovascular aneurysm occlusion; EVD: external ventricular drainage; FU: 6-month follow-up; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; Ghp: general health perceptions; GOS: Glasgow Outcome Scale; h: hour/s; HH: Hunt and Hess; ICU: intensive care unit; ISR: ICD-10-Symptom-Rating questionnaire; MCS: mental component summary; Mhi: general mental health; min: minute/s; min-max: minimum - maximum; ml: millilitre; mRS: modified Ranking Scale; MS: microsurgical clipping, microsurgical aneurysm occlusion; ng: nanograms; no. [n]: number; NPY: Neuropeptide Y; p: p value; Pain: bodily pain; PCS: physical component summary; Pfi: physical functioning; pSAH: perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage; PTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder; QoL: quality of life; Rawhtran: health transition item; Rolem: role limitations because of emotional problems; Rolph: role limitations due to physical health problems; SAH: subarachnoid haemorrhage; SD: standard deviation; SF-36: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; Social: social functioning; sSAH: spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage; TCD: trans-cranial Doppler ultrasound; (test) t1: test in the sub-acute phase after the onset of bleeding (between day 11 and 35 after subarachnoid haemorrhage); (test) t2: test in the short-term (chronic phase) after treatment at 6-month follow-up; test t1 - t2: intergroup development from t1 to t2; Vital: vitality; vs: versus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bründl
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Petra Schödel
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Sylvia Bele
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Julius Höhne
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- b Centre for Clinical Studies , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Stoerr
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Alexander Brawanski
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Karl-Michael Schebesch
- a Department of Neurosurgery , University Medical Centre Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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Theisen CC, Reyes BA, Sabban E, Van Bockstaele EJ. Ultrastructural Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Neuropeptide Y in the Rat Locus Coeruleus: Anatomical Evidence for Putative Interactions. Neuroscience 2018; 384:21-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Correa da Rosa J, Shen PH, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Genetic variations in genes of the stress response pathway are associated with prolonged abstinence from heroin. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:333-341. [PMID: 29465008 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study assesses whether genetic variants in stress-related genes are associated with prolonged abstinence from heroin in subjects that are not in long-term methadone treatment. METHODS Frequencies of 117 polymorphisms in 30 genes were compared between subjects with history of heroin addiction, either without agonist treatment (n = 129) or in methadone maintenance treatment (n = 923). RESULTS SNP rs1500 downstream of CRHBP and an interaction of SNPs rs10482672 (NR3C1) and rs4234955 (NPY1R/NPY5R) were significantly associated with prolonged abstinence without agonist treatment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that variability in stress-related genes may contribute to the ability of certain subjects to remain in prolonged abstinence from heroin, possibly due to higher resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Einat Peles
- Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, 1 Henrietta Szold St, Tel-Aviv, 64924, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Miriam Adelson
- Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, 1 Henrietta Szold St, Tel-Aviv, 64924, Israel.,Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Camp R, Stier CT, Serova LI, McCloskey J, Edwards JG, Reyes-Zaragoza M, Sabban EL. Cardiovascular responses to intranasal neuropeptide Y in single prolonged stress rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropeptides 2018; 67:87-94. [PMID: 29169656 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to the brain by intranasal administration shows promise as non-invasive means for preventing or treating PTSD symptoms. Here, radiotelemetry and echocardiography were used to determine effects of intranasal NPY on cardiovascular functions in absence and presence of stress. Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetric probes, and subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS), followed by intranasal vehicle (V) or NPY (150μg) under conditions shown to prevent development of many of the behavioral neuroendocrine and biochemical impairments. In both groups, mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose rapidly peaking at about 125mmHg, remaining near maximal levels for 1h. SPS also elicited robust rise in heart rate (HR) which was mitigated by intranasal NPY, and significantly lower than V-treated rats 12-50min after exposure to SPS stressors. In the first hr. after SPS, locomotor activity was elevated but only in the V-treated group. By 3h, MAP returned to pre-stress levels in both groups with no further change when monitored for 6days. HR remained elevated during the 6h remaining light phase after SPS. Subsequently HR was at pre-SPS levels during the remaining days. However dark phase HR was low following SPS, gradually recovered over 6days and was associated with reduced activity. When administered in the absence of further stress, intranasal NPY or V elicited similar much smaller, short-lived rises in MAP and HR. Echocardiography revealed no change in HR, stroke volume (SV) or cardiac output (Q) with intranasal NPY in the absence of stress. SPS led to reduced SV and Q but was not affected by NPY. Overall the results demonstrate no major cardiovascular effects of intranasal NPY and indicate possible benefit from transient amelioration of HR response in line with its translational potential to combat PTSD and comorbid impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Camp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Charles T Stier
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Lidia I Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Jaclyn McCloskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Zaragoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
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Lisieski MJ, Eagle AL, Conti AC, Liberzon I, Perrine SA. Single-Prolonged Stress: A Review of Two Decades of Progress in a Rodent Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:196. [PMID: 29867615 PMCID: PMC5962709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common, costly, and often debilitating psychiatric condition. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this disease are still largely unknown or poorly understood. Considerable evidence indicates that PTSD results from dysfunction in highly-conserved brain systems involved in stress, anxiety, fear, and reward. Pre-clinical models of traumatic stress exposure are critical in defining the neurobiological mechanisms of PTSD, which will ultimately aid in the development of new treatments for PTSD. Single prolonged stress (SPS) is a pre-clinical model that displays behavioral, molecular, and physiological alterations that recapitulate many of the same alterations observed in PTSD, illustrating its validity and giving it utility as a model for investigating post-traumatic adaptations and pre-trauma risk and protective factors. In this manuscript, we review the present state of research using the SPS model, with the goals of (1) describing the utility of the SPS model as a tool for investigating post-trauma adaptations, (2) relating findings using the SPS model to findings in patients with PTSD, and (3) indicating research gaps and strategies to address them in order to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lisieski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Andrew L Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mental Health Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Sayed S, Van Dam NT, Horn SR, Kautz MM, Parides M, Costi S, Collins KA, Iacoviello B, Iosifescu DV, Mathé AA, Southwick SM, Feder A, Charney DS, Murrough JW. A Randomized Dose-Ranging Study of Neuropeptide Y in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:3-11. [PMID: 29186416 PMCID: PMC5795352 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and trauma-related disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling medical conditions in the United States, and posttraumatic stress disorder in particular exacts a tremendous public health toll. We examined the tolerability and anxiolytic efficacy of neuropeptide Y administered via an intranasal route in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. METHODS Twenty-six individuals were randomized in a cross-over, single ascending dose study into 1 of 5 cohorts: 1.4 mg (n=3), 2.8 mg (n=6), 4.6 mg (n=5), 6.8 mg (n=6), and 9.6 mg (n=6). Each individual was dosed with neuropeptide Y or placebo on separate treatment days 1 week apart in random order under double-blind conditions. Assessments were conducted at baseline and following a trauma script symptom provocation procedure subsequent to dosing. Occurrence of adverse events represented the primary tolerability outcome. The difference between treatment conditions on anxiety as measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory immediately following the trauma script represented efficacy outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-four individuals completed both treatment days. Neuropeptide Y was well tolerated up to and including the highest dose. There was a significant interaction between treatment and dose; higher doses of neuropeptide Y were associated with a greater treatment effect, favoring neuropeptide Y over placebo on Beck Anxiety Inventory score (F1,20=4.95, P=.038). There was no significant interaction for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a single dose of neuropeptide Y is well tolerated up to 9.6 mg and may be associated with anxiolytic effects. Future studies exploring the safety and efficacy of neuropeptide Y in stress-related disorders are warranted. The reported study is registered at: http://clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT01533519).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Sayed
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas T Van Dam
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sarah R Horn
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marin M Kautz
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Parides
- Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sara Costi
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katherine A Collins
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Brian Iacoviello
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Click Therapeutics, Inc., New York, New York
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven M Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,National Center for PTSD, VA CT Healthcare System, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adriana Feder
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Office of the Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Correspondence: James W. Murrough, MD, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Program. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 ()
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Holzer P, Farzi A, Hassan AM, Zenz G, Jačan A, Reichmann F. Visceral Inflammation and Immune Activation Stress the Brain. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1613. [PMID: 29213271 PMCID: PMC5702648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress refers to a dynamic process in which the homeostasis of an organism is challenged, the outcome depending on the type, severity, and duration of stressors involved, the stress responses triggered, and the stress resilience of the organism. Importantly, the relationship between stress and the immune system is bidirectional, as not only stressors have an impact on immune function, but alterations in immune function themselves can elicit stress responses. Such bidirectional interactions have been prominently identified to occur in the gastrointestinal tract in which there is a close cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the local immune system, governed by the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. External stressors disturb the homeostasis between microbiota and gut, these disturbances being signaled to the brain via multiple communication pathways constituting the gut-brain axis, ultimately eliciting stress responses and perturbations of brain function. In view of these relationships, the present article sets out to highlight some of the interactions between peripheral immune activation, especially in the visceral system, and brain function, behavior, and stress coping. These issues are exemplified by the way through which the intestinal microbiota as well as microbe-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharide communicate with the immune system and brain, and the mechanisms whereby overt inflammation in the GI tract impacts on emotional-affective behavior, pain sensitivity, and stress coping. The interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain take place along the gut-brain axis, the major communication pathways of which comprise microbial metabolites, gut hormones, immune mediators, and sensory neurons. Through these signaling systems, several transmitter and neuropeptide systems within the brain are altered under conditions of peripheral immune stress, enabling adaptive processes related to stress coping and resilience to take place. These aspects of the impact of immune stress on molecular and behavioral processes in the brain have a bearing on several disturbances of mental health and highlight novel opportunities of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Geraldine Zenz
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Jačan
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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44
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Kelmendi B, Adams TG, Southwick S, Abdallah CG, Krystal JH. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: an integrated overview and neurobiological rationale for pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:281-297. [PMID: 31404451 DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years of research on the biology of posttraumatic stress disorder now provides a foundation for hypotheses related to the mechanisms underlying the pharmacotherapy of this disorder. Only two medications, sertraline and paroxetine, are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of PTSD. While these medications are somewhat effective, other treatment mechanisms must be explored to address the unmet need for effective treatment. This article provides a concise summary of advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of PTSD that suggest novel approaches to pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kelmendi
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas G Adams
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven Southwick
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John H Krystal
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
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45
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Differences in Neuropeptide Y Secretion Between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017; 29:312-316. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Serova L, Mulhall H, Sabban E. NPY1 Receptor Agonist Modulates Development of Depressive-Like Behavior and Gene Expression in Hypothalamus in SPS Rodent PTSD Model. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:203. [PMID: 28469551 PMCID: PMC5395638 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to the brain by intranasal infusion soon after traumatic stress has shown therapeutic potential, and prevented development of many behavioral and neuroendocrine impairments in the single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model of PTSD. Therefore, we examined whether the Y1R preferring agonist [Leu31Pro34]NPY is sufficient to prevent development of SPS induced depressive-like behavioral changes, and hypothalamic gene expression as obtained with intranasal NPY intervention. Male Sprague-Dawely rats were given intranasal infusion of either NPY (150 μg/rat), a low (68 μg /rat), or high (132 μg/rat) dose of [Leu31Pro34]NPY or vehicle immediately following the last SPS stressor, left undisturbed for 1 week and then tested for depressive-like behavior together with naïve unstressed controls. Vehicle treated animals had elevated immobility forced swim test (FST) and reduced sucrose preference, which were not observed in animals given NPY or the higher dose of [Leu31Pro34]NPY. This dose of [Leu31Pro34]NPY, like NPY, also prevented the SPS-elicited induction of CRF mRNA in the mediobasal hypothalamus. However, [Leu31Pro34]NPY did not prevent, but rather enhanced, the SPS-triggered induction of GR and FKBP5 mRNA levels in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Thus, [Leu31Pro34]NPY may be as effective as NPY and displays therapeutic potential for preventing development of depressive-like behaviors and dysregulation of the CRF/HPA system in PTSD. However, due to its different effects compared to NPY on GR and FKBP5 a broader agonist, such as NPY, may be more desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Serova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical CollegeValhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Mulhall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical CollegeValhalla, NY, USA
| | - Esther Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical CollegeValhalla, NY, USA
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47
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Bahry MA, Chowdhury VS, Yang H, Tran PV, Do PH, Han G, Ikeda H, Cockrem JF, Furuse M. Central administration of neuropeptide Y differentially regulates monoamines and corticosterone in heat-exposed fed and fasted chicks. Neuropeptides 2017; 62:93-100. [PMID: 27979380 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression was increased in heat exposed chicks. However, the functions of brain NPY during heat stress are unknown. This study was conducted to investigate whether centrally administered NPY affects food intake, rectal temperature, monoamines, stress hormones and plasma metabolites in chicks under high ambient temperatures (HT). Five or six-day-old chicks were centrally injected with 0, 188 or 375pmol of NPY and exposed to either HT (35±1°C) or a control thermoneutral temperature (CT; 30±1°C) for 3h whilst fed or fasted. NPY increased food intake under both CT and HT. NPY reduced rectal temperature 1 and 2h after central administration under CT, but not under HT. Interestingly, NPY decreased brain serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations in fed chicks, but increased concentrations of brain dopamine and its metabolites in fasted and fed chicks, respectively. Plasma epinephrine was decreased by NPY in fed chicks, but plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were increased significantly by NPY in fasted-heat exposed chicks. Furthermore, NPY significantly reduced plasma corticosterone concentrations in fasted chicks. Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol were increased by NPY in fed chicks, but triacylglycerol declined in fasted NPY-injected chicks. In conclusion, brain NPY may attenuate the reduction of food intake during heat stress and the increased brain NPY might be a potential regulator of the monoamines and corticosterone to modulate stress response in heat-exposed chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Bahry
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Phuong V Tran
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Phong H Do
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Guofeng Han
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - John F Cockrem
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Oztas B, Sahin D, Kir H, Eraldemir FC, Musul M, Kuskay S, Ates N. The effect of leptin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide-Y on serum Tnf-Α, Il-1β, Il-6, Fgf-2, galanin levels and oxidative stress in an experimental generalized convulsive seizure model. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:31-37. [PMID: 27522536 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the endogenous ligands leptin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) on seizure generation, the oxidant/antioxidant balance, and cytokine levels, which are a result of immune response in a convulsive seizure model. With this goal, Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups-Group 1: Saline, Group 2: Saline+PTZ (65mg/kg), Group 3: leptin (4mg/kg)+PTZ, Group 4: ghrelin (80μg/kg)+PTZ, and Group 5: NPY (60μg/kg)+PTZ. All injections were delivered intraperitoneally, and simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) records were obtained. Seizure activity was scored by observing seizure behavior, and the onset time, latency, and seizure duration were determined according to the EEG records. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were obtained in all groups to assess the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, FGF-2, galanin, nitric oxide (NOֹ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels. The electrophysiological and biochemical findings (p<0.05) of this study show that all three peptides have anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced generalized tonic-clonic convulsive seizure model. The reduction of the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 caused by leptin, ghrelin, and NPY shows that these peptides may have anti-inflammatory effects in epileptic seizures. Also, leptin significantly increases the serum levels of the endogenous anticonvulsive agent galanin. The fact that each one of these endogenous peptides reduces the levels of MDA and increases the serum levels of GSH leads to the belief that they may have protective effects against oxidative damage that is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Our study contributes to the clarification of the role of these peptides in the brain in seizure-induced oxidative stress and immune system physiology and also presents new approaches to the etiology and treatment of tendency to epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Oztas
- Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sahin
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Hale Kir
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mert Musul
- Carsamba State Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Kuskay
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurbay Ates
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Thorsell A, Mathé AA. Neuropeptide Y in Alcohol Addiction and Affective Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28824541 PMCID: PMC5534438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide highly conserved throughout evolution, is present at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in peripheral tissues such as the gut and cardiovascular system. The peptide exerts its effects via multiple receptor subtypes, all belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Of these subtypes, the Y1 and the Y2 are the most thoroughly characterized, followed by the Y5 subtype. NPY and its receptors have been shown to be of importance in central regulation of events underlying, for example, affective disorders, drug/alcohol use disorders, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, within the CNS, NPY also affects sleep regulation and circadian rhythm, memory function, tissue growth, and plasticity. The potential roles of NPY in the etiology and pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as alcohol use disorders, have been extensively studied. This focus was prompted by early indications for an involvement of NPY in acute responses to stress, and, later, also data pointing to a role in alterations within the CNS during chronic, or repeated, exposure to adverse events. These functions of NPY, in addition to the peptide's regulation of disease states, suggest that modulation of the activity of the NPY system via receptor agonists/antagonists may be a putative treatment mechanism in affective disorders as well as alcohol use disorders. In this review, we present an overview of findings with regard to the NPY system in relation to anxiety and stress, acute as well as chronic; furthermore we discuss post-traumatic stress disorder and, in part depression. In addition, we summarize findings on alcohol use disorders and related behaviors. Finally, we briefly touch upon genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms that may be of importance for NPY function and regulation. In conclusion, we suggest that modulation of NPY-ergic activity within the CNS, via ligands aimed at different receptor subtypes, may be attractive targets for treatment development for affective disorders, as well as for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Thorsell
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Annika Thorsell,
| | - Aleksander A. Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Thomas E, Stein DJ. Novel pharmacological treatment strategies for posttraumatic stress disorder. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 10:167-177. [PMID: 27835034 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1260001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A wide range of medications have been studied for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a number are registered for this indication. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies are only partially effective in some patients, and are minimally effective in others. Thus novel treatment avenues need to be explored. Areas covered: In considering novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of PTSD, this paper takes a translational approach. We outline how advances in our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of PTSD may inform the identification of potential new treatment targets, including glutamatergic, noradrenergic and opioid pathways. Expert commentary: Continued investigation of the neural substrates and signalling pathways involved in responses to trauma may inform the development of novel treatment targets for future drug development for PTSD. However, the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice is likely to be complex and gradual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Thomas
- a Division of Consultation Liaison, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- b US/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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