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Zorrilla JG, Siciliano A, Petraretti M, Saviano L, Spampinato M, Cimmino A, Guida M, Pollio A, Bravi S, Masi M. Ecotoxicological assessment of cyclic peptides produced by a Planktothrix rubescens bloom: Impact on aquatic model organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119394. [PMID: 38866313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms, a natural phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems, have increased in frequency and severity due to climate change and eutrophication. Some cyanobacteria are able to produce harmful substances called cyanotoxins. These metabolites possess different chemical structures and action mechanisms representing a serious concern for human health and the environment. The most studied cyanotoxins belong to the group of microcystins which are potent hepatotoxins. Anabaenopeptins are another class of cyclic peptides produced by certain species of cyanobacteria, including Planktothrix spp. Despite limited knowledge regarding individual effects of anabaenopeptins on freshwater organisms, reports have identified in vivo toxicity in representatives of freshwater zooplankton by cyanobacterial extracts or mixtures containing anabaenopeptins. This study focused on the isolation and toxicity evaluation of the cyanotoxins produced in the 2022 Planktothrix rubescens bloom in Averno lake, Italy. The three main cyclic peptides have been isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) and optical analyses as anabaenopeptins A and B, and oscillamide Y. Ecotoxicological tests on the aquatic model organisms Daphnia magna (crustacean), Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae), and Aliivibrio fischeri (bacterium) revealed that anabaenopeptins A and B do not generate significant toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations, being also found a stimulatory effect on R. subcapitata in the case of anabaenopeptin A. By contrast, oscillamide Y displayed toxicity. Ecological implications based on ECOSAR predictions align with experimental data. Moreover, long-term exposure bioassays on different green unicellular algae species showed that R. subcapitata was not significantly affected, while Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris exhibited altered growth patterns. These results, together with the already-known background in literature, highlight the complexity of interactions between organisms and the tested compounds, which may be influenced by species-specific sensitivities, physiological differences, and modes of action, possibly affected by parameters like lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy; Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariagioia Petraretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Saviano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marisa Spampinato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonino Pollio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sergio Bravi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Quigley NG, Steiger K, Färber SF, Richter F, Weichert W, Notni J. Sensitive Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of PD-L1 Expression in Human Breast and Lung Carcinoma Xenografts Using the Radiometalated Peptide Ga-68-TRAP-WL12. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1827-1837. [PMID: 38291706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of the immune checkpoint protein programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1; synonyms: CD274, B7-H1) holds great promise to improve patient selection and, thus, response rates for immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) with monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD1/PD-L1 axis. The PD-L1 specific peptide WL12 (cyclo(AcY-(NMe)A-N-P-H-L-Hyp-W-S-W(Me)-(NMe)Nle-(NMe)Nle-O-C)-G-NH2) was functionalized with the Gallium-68 chelator TRAP by means of click chemistry (CuAAC). The resulting conjugate TRAP-WL12 was labeled with Gallium-68 within 16 min, with approximately 90% radiochemical yield and 99% radiochemical purity, affording Ga-68-TRAP-WL12 with molar activities typically exceeding 100 MBq/nmol. This radiotracer was characterized by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and ex vivo biodistribution in murine xenografts of nontransfected PD-L1 expressing tumor cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (human breast carcinoma), and H2009 (human lung adenocarcinoma). It showed a favorable biodistribution profile with rapid renal clearance and low background (tumor-to-blood ratio = 26.6, 3 h p.i.). Conjugation of the Ga-68-TRAP moiety to WL12 successfully mitigated the nonspecific uptake of this peptide in organs, particularly the liver. This was demonstrated by comparing Ga-68-TRAP-WL12 with the archetypical Ga-68-DOTA-WL12, for which tumor-to-liver ratios of 1.4 and 0.5, respectively, were found. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed a low PD-L1 expression in MDA-MB-213 and H2009 xenografts that corresponds well to the clinical situation, PET showed high tumor uptakes (6.6 and 7.3% injected activity per gram of tissue (iA/g), respectively) for Ga-68-TRAP-WL12. Thus, this tracer has the potential for routine clinical PD-L1 PET imaging because it detects even very low PD-L1 expression densities with high sensitivity and may open an avenue to replace PD-L1 IHC of biopsies as the standard means to select potential responders for ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
| | - Stefanie Felicitas Färber
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 18, München D-81675, Germany
- TRIMT GmbH, Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7, Radeberg D-01454, Germany
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3
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Bamminger K, Pichler V, Vraka C, Limberger T, Moneva B, Pallitsch K, Lieder B, Zacher AS, Ponti S, Benčurová K, Yang J, Högler S, Kodajova P, Kenner L, Hacker M, Wadsak W. Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Small-Molecule Ligands for Positron Emission Tomography of Immune Checkpoint Modulation Targeting Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4036-4062. [PMID: 38442487 PMCID: PMC10945501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A substantial portion of patients do not benefit from programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint inhibition therapies, necessitating a deeper understanding of predictive biomarkers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has played a pivotal role in assessing PD-L1 expression, but small-molecule positron emission tomography (PET) tracers could offer a promising avenue to address IHC-associated limitations, i.e., invasiveness and PD-L1 expression heterogeneity. PET tracers would allow for improved quantification of PD-L1 through noninvasive whole-body imaging, thereby enhancing patient stratification. Here, a large series of PD-L1 targeting small molecules were synthesized, leveraging advantageous substructures to achieve exceptionally low nanomolar affinities. Compound 5c emerged as a promising candidate (IC50 = 10.2 nM) and underwent successful carbon-11 radiolabeling. However, a lack of in vivo tracer uptake in xenografts and notable accumulation in excretory organs was observed, underscoring the challenges encountered in small-molecule PD-L1 PET tracer development. The findings, including structure-activity relationships and in vivo biodistribution data, stand to illuminate the path forward for refining small-molecule PD-L1 PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bamminger
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boryana Moneva
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Lieder
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, University of
Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Zacher
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Ponti
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarína Benčurová
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiaye Yang
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Kodajova
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Reese TC, Devineni A, Smith T, Lalami I, Ahn JM, Raj GV. Evaluating physiochemical properties of FDA-approved orally administered drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:225-238. [PMID: 37921049 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of orally administered FDA-approved drugs from 1990 to 1993 enabled the identification of a set of physiochemical properties known as Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The original Ro5 and extended versions still remain the reference criteria for drug development programs. Since many bioactive compounds do not conform to the Ro5, we validated the relevance of and adherence to these rulesets in a contemporary cohort of FDA-approved drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors noted that a significant proportion of FDA-approved orally administered parent compounds from 2011 to 2022 deviate from the original Ro5 criteria (~38%) or the Ro5 with extensions (~53%). They then evaluated if a contemporary Ro5 criteria (cRo5) could be devised to better predict oral bioavailability. Furthermore, they discuss many case studies showcasing the need for and benefit of increasing the size of certain compounds and cover several evolving strategies for improving oral bioavailability. EXPERT OPINION Despite many revisions to the Ro5, the authors find that no single proposed physiochemical rule has universal concordance with absolute oral bioavailability. Innovations in drug delivery and formulation have dramatically expanded the range of physicochemical properties and the chemical diversity for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Reese
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anvita Devineni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Tristan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ismail Lalami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Zorrilla JG, Innangi M, Cala Peralta A, Soriano G, Russo MT, Masi M, Fernández-Aparicio M, Cimmino A. Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. cineraria Inhibit the Radicle Growth of Broomrape Weeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:178. [PMID: 38256732 PMCID: PMC10818712 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The plant Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. cineraria has been investigated as a potential source of inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. The latter are weeds that pose a threat to agriculture and for which there are few methods available for the control of infestations. Four sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated from C. cineraria L. subsp. cineraria aerial parts and identified as isocnicin, cnicin, salonitenolide, and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and optical methods. Salonitenolide and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide have been isolated for the first time from this plant. Tested at 1.0-0.1 mM against the broomrape species Phelipanche ramosa, Orobanche minor, Orobanche crenata, and Orobanche cumana, isocnicin, cnicin, and salonitenolide demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity (over 80% in most of the cases) at the highest concentrations. Structure-activity relationship conclusions indicated the significance of the α,β-unsaturated lactone ring. In addition, the synthetic acetylated derivative of salonitenolide showed the strongest activity among all compounds tested, with inhibitions close to 100% at different concentrations, which has been related to a different lipophilicity and the absence of H-bond donor atoms in its structure. Neither the extracts nor the compounds exhibited the stimulating activity of broomrape germination (induction of suicidal germination). These findings highlight the potential of C. cineraria to produce bioactive compounds for managing parasitic weeds and prompt further studies on its sesquiterpene lactones as tools in developing natural product-based herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Zorrilla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Michele Innangi
- EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cala Peralta
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, C/Avenida República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain;
| | - Gabriele Soriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Russo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Mónica Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), CSIC, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (J.G.Z.); (G.S.); (M.T.R.); (A.C.)
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6
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Millard M, Kilian J, Ozenil M, Mogeritsch M, Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger V, Holzer W, Hacker M, Langer T, Pichler V. Design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of muscarine receptor antagonists via a scaffold-hopping approach. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115891. [PMID: 37897926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Our research group recently identified a rearrangement product of pirenzepine as starting point for a comprehensive rational drug design approach towards orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Chemical reduction and bioscaffold hop lead to the development of sixteen promising compounds featuring either a benzimidazole or carbamate moiety, all exhibiting comparable pharmacophoric characteristics. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, HR-MS, and RP-HPLC techniques. Subsequent evaluation encompassed binding affinity assessment on CHO-hM1-5 cells, mode of action determination, and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. The CNS MPO score indicated favorable drug-like attributes and potential CNS activity for the antagonistic ligands. The most promising compounds displayed Ki-values within a desirable low nanomolar range, and their structural features allow for potential carbon-11 radiolabeling. Our optimization efforts resulted in compounds with a remarkable 138-fold increase in binding affinity compared to the previously mentioned rearrangement product towards human M5, suggesting their prospective utility in positron emission tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Mogeritsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Quigley NG, Richter F, Kossatz S, Notni J. Complexity of αvβ6-integrin targeting RGD peptide trimers: emergence of non-specific binding by synergistic interaction. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2564-2573. [PMID: 38099056 PMCID: PMC10718521 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimerization is an established strategy to design bioactive macromolecules with enhanced avidity, which has been widely employed to increase the target-specific binding and uptake of imaging probes and pharmaceuticals. However, the factors governing the general biodistribution of multimeric probes are less well understood but are nonetheless decisive for their clinical application. We found that regiospecific exchange of phenylalanine by tyrosine (chemically equivalent to addition of single oxygen atoms) can have an unexpected, dramatic impact on the in vivo behavior of gallium-68 labeled αvβ6-integrin binding peptides trimers. For example, introduction of one and two Tyr, equivalent to just 1 and 2 additional oxygens and molecular weight increases of 0.38% and 0.76% for our >4 kDa constructs, reduced non-specific liver uptake by 50% and 72%, respectively. The observed effect did not correlate to established polarity measures such as log D, and generally defies explanation by reductionist approaches. We conclude that multimers should be viewed not just as molecular combinations of peptides whose properties simply add up, but as whole entities with higher intrinsic complexity and thus a strong tendency to exhibit newly emerged properties that, on principle, cannot be predicted from the characteristics of the monomers used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München Trogerstr. 18 D-81675 München Germany
- TRIMT GmbH Carl-Eschebach-Str. 7 D-01454 Radeberg Germany
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8
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Caminero Gomes Soares A, Marques Sousa GH, Calil RL, Goulart Trossini GH. Absorption matters: A closer look at popular oral bioavailability rules for drug approvals. Mol Inform 2023; 42:e202300115. [PMID: 37550251 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how two popular drug-likeness concepts used in early development, Lipinski Rule of Five (Ro5) and Veber's Rules, possibly affected drug profiles of FDA approved drugs since 1997. Our findings suggest that when all criteria are applied, relevant compounds may be excluded, addressing the harmfulness of blindly employing these rules. Of all oral drugs in the period used for this analysis, around 66 % conform to the RO5 and 85 % to Veber's Rules. Molecular Weight and calculated LogP showed low consistent values over time, apart from being the two least followed rules, challenging their relevance. On the other hand, hydrogen bond related rules and the number of rotatable bonds are amongst the most followed criteria and show exceptional consistency over time. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that topological polar surface area and total count of hydrogen bonds cannot be used as interchangeable parameters, contrary to the original proposal. This research enhances the comprehension of drug profiles that were FDA approved in the post-Lipinski period. Medicinal chemists could utilize these heuristics as a limited guide to direct their exploration of the oral bioavailability chemical space, but they must also steer the wheel to break these rules and explore different regions when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Caminero Gomes Soares
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Integração entre Técnicas Experimentais e Computacionais (LITEC), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Marques Sousa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Integração entre Técnicas Experimentais e Computacionais (LITEC), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raisa Ludmila Calil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Integração entre Técnicas Experimentais e Computacionais (LITEC), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goulart Trossini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório de Integração entre Técnicas Experimentais e Computacionais (LITEC), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Bamminger K, Pichler V, Vraka C, Nehring T, Pallitsch K, Lieder B, Hacker M, Wadsak W. On the Road towards Small-Molecule Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 Positron Emission Tomography Tracers: A Ligand-Based Drug Design Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1051. [PMID: 37513962 PMCID: PMC10385977 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy showed promising results in clinical studies. Further endeavors are required to enhance patient stratification, as, at present, only a small portion of patients with PD-L1-positive tumors (as determined by PD-L1 targeted immunohistochemistry; IHC) benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. This can be explained by the heterogeneity of tumor lesions and the intrinsic limitation of multiple biopsies. Consequently, non-invasive in vivo quantification of PD-L1 on tumors and metastases throughout the entire body using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging holds the potential to augment patient stratification. Within the scope of this work, six new small molecules were synthesized by following a ligand-based drug design approach supported by computational docking utilizing lead structures based on the (2-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methanol scaffold and evaluated in vitro for potential future use as PD-L1 PET tracers. The results demonstrated binding affinities in the nanomolar to micromolar range for lead structures and newly prepared molecules, respectively. Carbon-11 labeling was successfully and selectively established and optimized with very good radiochemical conversions of up to 57%. The obtained insights into the significance of polar intermolecular interactions, along with the successful radiosyntheses, could contribute substantially to the future development of small-molecule PD-L1 PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bamminger
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Nehring
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Stienstra CMK, Ieritano C, Haack A, Hopkins WS. Bridging the Gap between Differential Mobility, Log S, and Log P Using Machine Learning and SHAP Analysis. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37384824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility, log S, and the water-octanol partition coefficient, log P, are physicochemical properties that are used to screen the viability of drug candidates and to estimate mass transport in the environment. In this work, differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) experiments performed in microsolvating environments are used to train machine learning (ML) frameworks that predict the log S and log P of various molecule classes. In lieu of a consistent source of experimentally measured log S and log P values, the OPERA package was used to evaluate the aqueous solubility and hydrophobicity of 333 analytes. With ion mobility/DMS data (e.g., CCS, dispersion curves) as input, we used ML regressors and ensemble stacking to derive relationships with a high degree of explainability, as assessed via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. The DMS-based regression models returned scores of R2 = 0.67 and RMSE = 1.03 ± 0.10 for log S predictions and R2 = 0.67 and RMSE = 1.20 ± 0.10 for log P after 5-fold random cross-validation. SHAP analysis reveals that the regressors strongly weighted gas-phase clustering in log P correlations. The addition of structural descriptors (e.g., # of aromatic carbons) improved log S predictions to yield RMSE = 0.84 ± 0.07 and R2 = 0.78. Similarly, log P predictions using the same data resulted in an RMSE of 0.83 ± 0.04 and R2 = 0.84. The SHAP analysis of log P models highlights the need for additional experimental parameters describing hydrophobic interactions. These results were achieved with a smaller dataset (333 instances) and minimal structural correlation compared to purely structure-based models, underscoring the value of employing DMS data in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailum M K Stienstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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11
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Favero F, Tolentino TA, Fernandes V, Treptow W, Pereira AL, Lira Machado AH. α-Alkylidene δ-lactones inhibit quorum sensing phenotypes in Chromobacterium strain CV026 showing interaction with the CviR receptor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18045-18057. [PMID: 37323447 PMCID: PMC10267776 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is presented as a promising strategy to overcome clinically relevant and phytopathogenic bacteria. This work presents α-alkylidene δ-lactones as new chemical scaffolds that inhibit the biosynthesis of violacein in the biosensor strain Chromobacterium CV026. Three molecules displayed higher than 50% violacein reduction when tested at concentrations lower than 625 µM. The most active α-alkylidene δ-lactone inhibited the hydrolysis of chitin concomitantly with the inhibition of violacein production in CV026, suggesting the disruption of its QS machinery. Further, RT-qPCR and competition experiments showed this molecule to be a transcriptional inhibitor of the QS-regulated operon vioABCDE. Docking calculations suggested a good correlation between binding affinity energies and inhibition effects, with all molecules positioned within the CviR autoinducer-binding domain (AIBD). The most active lactone yielded the best binding affinity energy, most probably due to its unprecedented binding with the AIBD. Our results show α-alkylidene δ-lactones as promising chemical scaffolds for the development of new QS inhibitors affecting LuxR/LuxI-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Favero
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília DF 70910-900 Brazil
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul Brasília DF 72220-275 Brazil
| | - Terezinha Alves Tolentino
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Vinicius Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Werner Treptow
- Laboratório de Biologia Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Alex Leite Pereira
- Campus of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Centro Metropolitano Conjunto A, Ceilândia Sul Brasília DF 72220-275 Brazil
| | - Angelo Henrique Lira Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília DF 70910-900 Brazil
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12
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Dzedulionytė K, Fuxreiter N, Schreiber-Brynzak E, Žukauskaitė A, Šačkus A, Pichler V, Arbačiauskienė E. Pyrazole-based lamellarin O analogues: synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7897-7912. [PMID: 36909769 PMCID: PMC9999251 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of pyrazole-based lamellarin O analogues was synthesized from easily accessible 3(5)-aryl-1H-pyrazole-5(3)-carboxylates which were subsequently modified by bromination, N-alkylation and Pd-catalysed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Synthesized ethyl and methyl 3,4-diaryl-1-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylates were evaluated for their physicochemical property profiles and in vitro cytotoxicity against three human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, and SW480. The most active compounds inhibited cell proliferation in a low micromolar range. Selected ethyl 3,4-diaryl-1-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylates were further investigated for their mode of action. Results of combined viability staining via Calcein AM/Hoechst/PI and fluorescence-activated cell sorting data indicated that cell death was triggered in a non-necrotic manner mediated by mainly G2/M-phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dzedulionytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 LT-50254 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Nina Fuxreiter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Ekaterina Schreiber-Brynzak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 CZ-78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 LT-50254 Kaunas Lithuania .,Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology K. Baršausko g. 59 LT-51423 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 LT-50254 Kaunas Lithuania
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13
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Muhammad S, Amin S, Iqbal J, Al-Sehemi AG, Alarfaji SS, Ilyas M, Atif M, Ullah S. Insighting the Therapeutic Potential of Fifty (50) Shogaol Derivatives Against M pro of SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s273741652250020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 disease, has proven to be a disastrous pandemic due to its contagious nature. This study has been planned to theoretically explore some antidotes against this virus from natural compounds. A total of 150 compounds from the shogaol class and shogaol derivatives (SDs) have been screened whereas 50 among those, which obeyed Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5), have further been investigated using molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, reference antiviral drug chloroquine (ChQ) and Co-Crystallized inhibitor have also been studied against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 for comparing the potential of our docked ligands. Surprisingly, 78% of our docked ligands have shown binding energies and inhibition constants lower than ChQ and all ligands showed these values lower than an inhibitor. We further visualized the nature of intermolecular interactions for the best docked six ligands, which have shown higher binding affinities. We have also assessed ADMET properties for three ligands that displayed visually the best intermolecular interactions. Quantum analysis of three selected ligands L4, L5, and L9 has proved their reactivity and kinetic stability. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations over 60[Formula: see text]ns have been run for free Mpro and its selected three ligand-protein complexes for evaluating conformational stability and residual flexibility of docked complexes. Furthermore, 100[Formula: see text]ns the MD simulations have been performed for two ligand complexes L4, L5 (with negative binding free energy), and inhibitor. Available parameters suggest stable complexes for our ligands and could be active drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saniyah Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubashar Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore (Vehari Campus), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Tikhomirov AS, Tsvetkov VB, Volodina YL, Litvinova VA, Andreeva DV, Dezhenkova LG, Kaluzhny DN, Treshalin ID, Shtil AA, Shchekotikhin AE. Heterocyclic ring expansion yields anthraquinone derivatives potent against multidrug resistant tumor cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105925. [PMID: 35728293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of anthraquiones are aimed at novel derivatives with improved antitumor properties. Emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) due to overexpression of transmembrane ATP binding cassette transporters, in particular, MDR1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp), can limit the use of anthraquinone based drugs. Previously we have demonstrated that annelation of modified five-membered heterocyclic rings with the anthraquinone core yielded a series of compounds with optimized antitumor properties. In the present study we synthesized a series of anthraquinone derivatives with six-membered heterocycles. Selected new compounds showed the ability to kill parental and MDR tumor cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. Molecular docking into the human Pgp model revealed a stronger interaction of 2-methylnaphtho[2,3-g]quinoline-3-carboxamide 17 compared to naphtho[2,3-f]indole-3-carboxamide 3. The time course of intracellular accumulation of compound 17 in parental K562 leukemia cells and in Pgp-positive K562/4 subline was similar. In contrast, compound 3 was readily effluxed from K562/4 cells and was significantly less potent for this subline than for K562 cells. Together with reported strategies of drug optimization of the anthracycline core, these results add ring expansion to the list of perspective modifications of heteroarene-fused anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir B Tsvetkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, 119146 Moscow, Russia; A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Avenue, 117912 Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a M. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yulia L Volodina
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia; Blokhin Cancer Center, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Valeria A Litvinova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Kaluzhny
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, 11991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan D Treshalin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia; Blokhin Cancer Center, 24 Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
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15
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Antagonistic Hydroxylated Arecaidine Esters Targeting mAChRs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103173. [PMID: 35630651 PMCID: PMC9145622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family is a highly sought-after target in drug and molecular imaging discovery efforts aimed at neurological disorders. Hampered by the structural similarity of the five subtypes’ orthosteric binding pockets, these efforts largely failed to deliver subtype-selective ligands. Building on our recent successes with arecaidine-derived ligands targeting M1, herein we report the synthesis of a related series of 11 hydroxylated arecaidine esters. Their physicochemical property profiles, expressed in terms of their computationally calculated CNS MPO scores and HPLC-logD values, point towards blood–brain barrier permeability. By means of a competitive radioligand binding assay, the binding affinity values towards each of the individual human mAChR subtypes hM1–hM5 were determined. The most promising compound of this series 17b was shown to have a binding constant towards hM1 in the single-digit nanomolar region (5.5 nM). Similar to our previously reported arecaidine-derived esters, the entire series was shown to act as hM1R antagonists in a calcium flux assay. Overall, this study greatly expanded our understanding of this recurring scaffolds’ structure–activity relationship and will guide the development towards highly selective mAChRs ligands.
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16
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Jouini N, Cardinale J, Mindt TL. Evaluation of a Radiolabelled Macrocyclic Peptide as Potential PET Imaging Probe for PD-L1. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200091. [PMID: 35388635 PMCID: PMC9320808 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the immune checkpoint PD‐1 and PD−L1 promotes T‐cell deactivation and cancer proliferation. Therefore, immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, which relies on prior assessment of the target, has been widely used for many cancers. As a non‐invasive molecular imaging tool, radiotracers bring novel information on the in vivo expression of biomarkers (e. g., PD−L1), enabling a personalized treatment of patients. Our work aimed at the development of a PD−L1‐specific, peptide‐based PET radiotracer. We synthesized and evaluated a radiolabeled macrocyclic peptide adapted from a patent by Bristol Myers Squibb. Synthesis of [68Ga]Ga‐NJMP1 yielded a product with a radiochemical purity>95 % that was evaluated in vitro. However, experiments on CHO−K1 hPD−L1 cells showed very low cell binding and internalization rates of [68Ga]Ga‐NJMP1 in comparison to a control radiopeptide (WL12). Non‐radioactive cellular assays using time‐resolved fluorescence energy transfer confirmed the low affinity of the reported parent peptide and the DOTA‐derivatives towards PD−L1. The results of our studies indicate that the macrocyclic peptide scaffold reported in the patent literature is not suitable for radiotracer development due to insufficient affinity towards PD−L1 and that C‐terminal modifications of the macrocyclic peptide interfere with important ligand/receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Jouini
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Imaging Biomarkers, AUSTRIA
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Imaging Biomarker, AUSTRIA
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Imaging Biomarker, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, AKH, c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, 1090, Vienna, AUSTRIA
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17
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 4,4’-Difluorobenzhydrol Carbamates as Selective M1 Antagonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020248. [PMID: 35215360 PMCID: PMC8879200 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their important role in mediating a broad range of physiological functions, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been a promising target for therapeutic and diagnostic applications alike; however, the list of truly subtype-selective ligands is scarce. Within this work, we have identified a series of twelve 4,4’-difluorobenzhydrol carbamates through a rigorous docking campaign leveraging commercially available amine databases. After synthesis, these compounds have been evaluated for their physico–chemical property profiles, including characteristics such as HPLC-logD, tPSA, logBB, and logPS. For all the synthesized carbamates, these characteristics indicate the potential for BBB permeation. In competitive radioligand binding experiments using Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes expressing the individual human mAChR subtype hM1-hM5, the most promising compound 2 displayed a high binding affinitiy towards hM1R (1.2 nM) while exhibiting modest-to-excellent selectivity versus the hM2-5R (4–189-fold). All 12 compounds were shown to act in an antagonistic fashion towards hM1R using a dose-dependent calcium mobilization assay. The structural eligibility for radiolabeling and their pharmacological and physico–chemical property profiles render compounds 2, 5, and 7 promising candidates for future position emission tomography (PET) tracer development.
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18
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Decristoforo C, Pfister J. In vitro studies with radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Xu H, Li X, Xin X, Mo L, Zou Y, Zhao G. Efficient Enzymatic Synthesis of Lipophilic Phenolic Glycoside Azelaic Acid Esters and Their Depigmenting Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13102-13112. [PMID: 34705451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an enzymatic route for synthesizing phenolic glycoside azelaic acid esters was successfully set up via lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification. Among the lipases tested, Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435) showed the highest activity in catalyzing esterification and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TLIM) gave the highest substrate conversion in catalyzing transesterification for the synthesis of ester. The addition of 4A molecular sieves into the reaction system is found to be an effective method for in situ absorption of the byproduct water and methanol, with which the substrate conversions of the enzymatic esterification and transesterification were 98.7 and 95.1%, respectively. Also, the main product ratios in transesterification were above 99.0% with lipozyme TLIM as a catalyst because the hydrolysis reaction was hindered. The results of the physical and biological properties indicate that all esters had higher Clog p values than their parent compounds. Also, the esters showed higher intracellular tyrosinase inhibitory and depigmentating activities than phenolic glycosides, azelaic acid (AA), and their physical mixtures due to their higher membrane penetration and tyrosinase inhibitory effects. In particular, piceid 6″-O-azelaic acid ester (PIA) showed the strongest inhibitory effect against melanin production. Its inhibitory rate was 77.4% at a concentration of 0.25 mM, about 4.2 times higher than that of arbutin (18.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Xin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lan Mo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yucong Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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20
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Feliciano A, Gómez-García O, Escalante CH, Rodríguez-Hernández MA, Vargas-Fuentes M, Andrade-Pavón D, Villa-Tanaca L, Álvarez-Toledano C, Ramírez-Apan MT, Vázquez MA, Tamariz J, Delgado F. Three-Component Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4 H-chromenes, In Silico Analysis of Their Pharmacological Profile, and In Vitro Anticancer and Antifungal Testing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111110. [PMID: 34832892 PMCID: PMC8623194 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromenes are compounds that may be useful for inhibiting topoisomerase and cytochrome, enzymes involved in the growth of cancer and fungal cells, respectively. The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of some novel 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-6,7-methylendioxy-4H-chromenes 4a-o and 2-amino-3-cyano-5,7-dimethoxy-4-aryl-4H-chromenes 6a-h by a three-component reaction, and test these derivatives for anticancer and antifungal activity. Compounds 4a and 4b were more active than cisplatin (9) and topotecan (7) in SK-LU-1 cells, and more active than 9 in PC-3 cells. An evaluation was also made of the series of compounds 4 and 6 as potential antifungal agents against six Candida strains, finding their MIC50 to be less than or equal to that of fluconazole (8). Molecular docking studies are herein reported, for the interaction of 4 and 6 with topoisomerase IB and the active site of CYP51 of Candida spp. Compounds 4a-o and 6a-h interacted in a similar way as 7 with key amino acids of the active site of topoisomerase IB and showed better binding energy than 8 at the active site of CYP51. Hence, 4a-o and 6a-h are good candidates for further research, having demonstrated their dual inhibition of enzymes that participate in the growth of cancer and fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Feliciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico;
| | - Omar Gómez-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: or (O.G.-G.); (F.D.)
| | - Carlos H. Escalante
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
| | - Mariana Vargas-Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
| | - Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.A.-P.); (L.V.-T.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (D.A.-P.); (L.V.-T.)
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química-UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.Á.-T.); (M.T.R.-A.)
| | - María Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química-UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P., Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.Á.-T.); (M.T.R.-A.)
| | - Miguel A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico;
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.F.); (C.H.E.); (M.A.R.-H.); (M.V.-F.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: or (O.G.-G.); (F.D.)
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21
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Xiong B, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xing S, Liao Q, Chen Y, Li Q, Li W, Sun H. Strategies for Structural Modification of Small Molecules to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration: A Recent Perspective. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13152-13173. [PMID: 34505508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts many drugs from entering the brain to exert therapeutic effects. Although many novel delivery methods of large molecule drugs have been designed to assist transport, small molecule drugs account for the vast majority of the CNS drugs used clinically. From this perspective, we review studies from the past five years that have sought to modify small molecules to increase brain exposure. Medicinal chemists make it easier for small molecules to cross the BBB by improving diffusion, reducing efflux, and activating carrier transporters. On the basis of their excellent work, we summarize strategies for structural modification of small molecules to improve BBB penetration. These strategies are expected to provide a reference for the future development of small molecule CNS drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichen Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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22
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Falcioni F, Kalayan J, Henchman RH. Energy-entropy prediction of octanol-water logP of SAMPL7 N-acyl sulfonamide bioisosters. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:831-840. [PMID: 34244906 PMCID: PMC8295089 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Partition coefficients quantify a molecule's distribution between two immiscible liquid phases. While there are many methods to compute them, there is not yet a method based on the free energy of each system in terms of energy and entropy, where entropy depends on the probability distribution of all quantum states of the system. Here we test a method in this class called Energy Entropy Multiscale Cell Correlation (EE-MCC) for the calculation of octanol-water logP values for 22 N-acyl sulfonamides in the SAMPL7 Physical Properties Challenge (Statistical Assessment of the Modelling of Proteins and Ligands). EE-MCC logP values have a mean error of 1.8 logP units versus experiment and a standard error of the mean of 1.0 logP units for three separate calculations. These errors are primarily due to getting sufficiently converged energies to give accurate differences of large numbers, particularly for the large-molecule solvent octanol. However, this is also an issue for entropy, and approximations in the force field and MCC theory also contribute to the error. Unique to MCC is that it explains the entropy contributions over all the degrees of freedom of all molecules in the system. A gain in orientational entropy of water is the main favourable entropic contribution, supported by small gains in solute vibrational and orientational entropy but offset by unfavourable changes in the orientational entropy of octanol, the vibrational entropy of both solvents, and the positional and conformational entropy of the solute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Falcioni
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jas Kalayan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard H Henchman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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23
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Ozenil M, Aronow J, Millard M, Langer T, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Update on PET Tracer Development for Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:530. [PMID: 34199622 PMCID: PMC8229778 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic cholinergic system regulates peripheral and central nervous system functions, and, thus, their potential as a therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative diseases is undoubted. A clinically applicable positron emission tomography (PET) tracer would facilitate the monitoring of disease progression, elucidate the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in disease development and would aid to clarify the diverse natural functions of mAChR regulation throughout the nervous system, which still are largely unresolved. Still, no mAChR PET tracer has yet found broad clinical application, which demands mAChR tracers with improved imaging properties. This paper reviews strategies of mAChR PET tracer design and summarizes the binding properties and preclinical evaluation of recent mAChR tracer candidates. Furthermore, this work identifies the current major challenges in mAChR PET tracer development and provides a perspective on future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonas Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
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24
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Singhal S, Khanna P, Misra N, Khanna L. Multitarget Diallyl Disulfides (DADS) against Aβ Aggregation: Screening through Molecular Docking with Aβ
42
& Zn
II
‐Aβ
16
, ADME, DFT & Synthetic Strategy. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Singhal
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry Acharya Narendra Dev College University of Delhi, Kalkaji New Delhi 110019 India
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Chemistry Acharya Narendra Dev College University of Delhi, Kalkaji New Delhi 110019 India
| | - Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C New Delhi 110078 India
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25
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Sahu SN, Satpathy SS, Mohanty C, Pattanayak SK. Computational study to evaluate the potency of phytochemicals in Boerhavia diffusa and the impact of point mutation on cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8587-8601. [PMID: 33876720 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1914169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A protein's function is closely related to its structural properties. Mutations can affect the functionality of a protein. Different cancer tissues have found disordered expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated Protein 1 (CDK2AP1) gene. A protein molecule's conformational flexibility affects its interaction with phytochemicals and their biological partners at various levels. Boerhavia diffusa has been investigated most extensively for its medicinal activities like anticancer properties. It contains many bioactive compounds like Boeravinone A, Boeravinone B, Boeravinone C, Boeravinone D, Boeravinone E, Boeravinone F, Boeravinone G, Boeravinone H, Boeravinone I and Boeravinone J. We have studied to analyse the binding efficacy properties as well as essential dynamic behaviour, free energy landscape of both the native and mutant protein CDK2AP1 with bioactive compounds from Boerhavia diffusa plant extracts through computational approaches by homology modelling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation. From the molecular docking study, we found that. Boeravinone J have best binding affinity (-7.9 kcal/mol) towards the native protein of CDKAP1 compared to others phytochemicals. However, we found the binding energy for H23R and C105R (mutation point) -7.8 and -7.6 kcal/mol, respectively. A single minima energy point (from 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation study) was found in the H23R mutant with Boeravinone J complex suggested that minimum structural changes with less conformational mobility compared C105A mutant model.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Sahu
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sneha Shriparna Satpathy
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chandana Mohanty
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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26
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Morphology and coalescence stability of high internal phase emulsions formed in natural gas pipelines. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Chen G, Shen Z, Li Y. A machine-learning-assisted study of the permeability of small drug-like molecules across lipid membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:19687-19696. [PMID: 32830206 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Study of the permeability of small organic molecules across lipid membranes plays a significant role in designing potential drugs in the field of drug discovery. Approaches to design promising drug molecules have gone through many stages, from experiment-based trail-and-error approaches, to the well-established avenue of the quantitative structure-activity relationship, and currently to the stage guided by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence techniques. In this work, we present a study of the permeability of small drug-like molecules across lipid membranes by two types of ML models, namely the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and deep neural network (DNN) models. Molecular descriptors and fingerprints are used for featurization of organic molecules. Using molecular descriptors, the LASSO model uncovers that the electro-topological, electrostatic, polarizability, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity properties are the most important physical properties to determine the membrane permeability of small drug-like molecules. Additionally, with molecular fingerprints, the LASSO model suggests that certain chemical substructures can significantly affect the permeability of organic molecules, which closely connects to the identified main physical properties. Moreover, the DNN model using molecular fingerprints can help develop a more accurate mapping between molecular structures and their membrane permeability than LASSO models. Our results provide deep understanding of drug-membrane interactions and useful guidance for the inverse molecular design of drug-like molecules. Last but not least, while the current focus is on the permeability of drug-like molecules, the methodology of this work is general and can be applied for other complex physical chemistry problems to gain molecular insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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28
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Zhang J, Jiang M, Zhao H, Han L, Jin Y, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang Z, Peng C. Synthesis of Paeonol-Ozagrel Conjugate: Structure Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Ischemic Stroke potential. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608221. [PMID: 33597878 PMCID: PMC7883289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common neurological disease that can lead to mortality and disability. The current curative effect remains unsatisfactory because drug accumulation in the diseased areas is insufficient as a result of the unique blood–brain barrier. Therefore, much attention has been paid to develop a novel therapeutic compound, paeonol-ozagrel conjugate (POC), for ischemic stroke. Then, POC was successfully synthesized by conjugating of paeonol and ozagrel as mutual prodrug. A series of in vitro characterizations and evaluations, including high - resolution mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, partition coefficient, and assessment of cytotoxicity against PC12 cells, were performed. Pharmacokinetic study demonstrated POC is eliminated quickly (t1/2 = 53.46 ± 19.64 min), which supported a short dosing interval. The neurological score, infarct volume, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines levels, and TXA2 levels also were evaluated in vivo in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. All results showed that POC had a significant curative and therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke, as evaluated by the middle cerebral artery occlusion. Overall, POC can be expected to become a new drug candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Chaohu Jinchen Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Shanghai Haihong Industrial Group, Chaohu, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Can Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
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29
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Sithole MN, Marais S, Maree SM, Du Plessis LH, Du Plessis J, Gerber M. Development and characterization of nano-emulsions and nano-emulgels for transdermal delivery of statins. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:789-801. [PMID: 33393386 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1867533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral administration of statins for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia results in poor therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance. An alternative administration route is proposed to circumvent the current limitations. This research is aimed at developing nano-emulsions and nano-emulgels as the ultimate potential delivery systems of statins for administration via the transdermal route. METHODS Oil-in-water (o/w) nano-formulations (nano-emulsions and nano-emulgels) containing 2% (w/w) of the selected statin and 8% apricot kernel oil as oil phase were formulated. The nano-formulations were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pH, viscosity, droplet size and zeta-potential. RESULTS Nano-emulsions' and nano-emulgels' droplet size ranged between 114.23-169.83 nm and 149.83-267.53 nm, respectively. The addition of Carbopol® Ultrez 20 increased the nano-emulsions' viscosity (3.59-8.38 cP) resulting in the formation of nano-emulgels (viscosity: 1911.00-46,090.00 cP). The entrapment efficiency (90.77-99.55%) confirmed the incorporation of the statins. Membrane release studies indicated that statins were released at higher flux values in nano-emulsions compared to their respective nano-emulgels. Ex vivo (skin diffusion) studies indicated higher median values in the nano-emulgels compared to their nano-emulsion counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the benefits of nano-emulsions and nano-emulgels as potential alternative delivery systems for the transdermal delivery of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mduduzi N Sithole
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Afrigen Biologics (Pty) Limited, Formulation Development, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Marais
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sumari M Maree
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lissinda H Du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeanetta Du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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30
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Synthesis, Biological, and Computational Evaluation of Antagonistic, Chiral Hydrobenzoin Esters of Arecaidine Targeting mAChR M1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120437. [PMID: 33266067 PMCID: PMC7760838 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are a pivotal constituent of the central and peripheral nervous system. Yet, therapeutic and diagnostic applications thereof are hampered by the lack of subtype selective ligands. Within this work, we synthesized and chemically characterized three different stereoisomers of hydrobenzoin esters of arecaidine by NMR, HR-MS, chiral chromatography, and HPLC-logP. All compounds are structurally eligible for carbon-11 labeling and show appropriate stability in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and F12 cell culture medium. A competitive radioligand binding assay on Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes comprising the human mAChR subtypes M1-M5 showed the highest orthosteric binding affinity for subtype M1 and a strong influence of stereochemistry on binding affinity, which corresponds to in silico molecular docking experiments. Ki values toward M1 were determined as 99 ± 19 nM, 800 ± 200 nM, and 380 ± 90 nM for the (R,R)-, (S,S)-, and racemic (R,S)-stereoisomer, respectively, highlighting the importance of stereochemical variations in mAChR ligand development. All three stereoisomers were shown to act as antagonists toward mAChR M1 using a Fluo-4 calcium efflux assay. With respect to future positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development, the (R,R)-isomer appears especially promising as a lead structure due to its highest subtype selectivity and lowest Ki value.
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31
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Sahu SN, Mishra B, Sahu R, Pattanayak SK. Molecular dynamics simulation perception study of the binding affinity performance for main protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2444-2459. [PMID: 33228481 PMCID: PMC7754937 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1850362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Like common cold and flu, SARC-CoV-2 virus spreads by droplets of sneezes or coughs which virus affects people of various age groups. Today, this virus is almost distributed all over the world. Since binding process plays a crucial role between host and receptor, therefore, we studied the molecules intended toward inhibition process through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation process. From the molecular docking study, it is noteworthy that remdesivir shows better binding affinity toward the main protease of SARS-CoV2 compared to other studied drugs. Within studied phytochemicals, carnosic acid shows better binding poses toward main protease of SARS-CoV2 among studied phytochemicals. The amino acid residues GLN110 and PHE294 were almost found in all the studied interactions of drugs and phytochemicals with main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the results show a larger contribution of the Van der Waals energies as compared to others like electrostatic energies suggesting that ligands at the binding pocket are predominantly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The conformational change during ligand binding was predicted from Gibbs free energy landscape analysis through molecular dynamics simulation. We observed that, there were two main free energy basins for both docked carnosic acid complex and for docked remdesivir complex, only one main free energy basin was found in the global free energy minimum region. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Sahu
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rojalin Sahu
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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32
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Gojon G, Morales GA. SG1002 and Catenated Divalent Organic Sulfur Compounds as Promising Hydrogen Sulfide Prodrugs. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1010-1045. [PMID: 32370538 PMCID: PMC7578191 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Sulfur has a critical role in protein structure/function and redox status/signaling in all living organisms. Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfane sulfur (SS) are now recognized as central players in physiology and pathophysiology, the full scope and depth of sulfur metabolome's impact on human health and healthy longevity has been vastly underestimated and is only starting to be grasped. Since many pathological conditions have been related to abnormally low levels of H2S/SS in blood and/or tissues, and are amenable to treatment by H2S supplementation, development of safe and efficacious H2S donors deserves to be undertaken with a sense of urgency; these prodrugs also hold the promise of becoming widely used for disease prevention and as antiaging agents. Recent Advances: Supramolecular tuning of the properties of well-known molecules comprising chains of sulfur atoms (diallyl trisulfide [DATS], S8) was shown to lead to improved donors such as DATS-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and SG1002. Encouraging results in animal models have been obtained with SG1002 in heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic damage, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy; with TC-2153 in Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, age-related memory decline, fragile X syndrome, and cocaine addiction; and with DATS in brain, colon, gastric, and breast cancer. Critical Issues: Mode-of-action studies on allyl polysulfides, benzyl polysulfides, ajoene, and 12 ring-substituted organic disulfides and thiosulfonates led several groups of researchers to conclude that the anticancer effect of these compounds is not mediated by H2S and is only modulated by reactive oxygen species, and that their central model of action is selective protein S-thiolation. Future Directions: SG1002 is likely to emerge as the H2S donor of choice for acquiring knowledge on this gasotransmitter's effects in animal models, on account of its unique ability to efficiently generate H2S without byproducts and in a slow and sustained mode that is dose independent and enzyme independent. Efficient tuning of H2S donation characteristics of DATS, dibenzyl trisulfide, and other hydrophobic H2S prodrugs for both oral and parenteral administration will be achieved not only by conventional structural modification of a lead molecule but also through the new "supramolecular tuning" paradigm.
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Ozenil M, Pacher K, Balber T, Vraka C, Roller A, Holzer W, Spreitzer H, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Enhanced arecoline derivatives as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligands for potential application as PET radiotracers. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112623. [PMID: 32717485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Supported by their involvement in many neurodegenerative disorders, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are an interesting target for PET imaging. Nevertheless, no radiotracer is established in clinical routine. Within this work we aim to develop novel PET tracers based on the structure of arecoline. Fifteen novel arecoline derivatives were synthesized, characterized and tested for their affinity to the mAChRs M1-M5 and the conceivable off-target acetylcholinesterase. Five arecoline derivatives and arecoline were labeled with carbon-11 in good yields. Arecaidine diphenylmethyl ester (3b), arecaidine bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3c) and arecaidine (4-bromophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3e) showed a tremendous gain in mAChR affinity compared to arecoline and a pronounced subtype selectivity for M1. Metabolic stability and serum protein binding of [11C]3b and [11C]3c were in line with properties of established brain tracers. Nonspecific binding of [11C]3c was prevalent in kinetic and endpoint experiment on living cells as well as in autoradiography on native mouse brain sections, which motivates us to decrease the lipophilicity of this substance class prior to in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Pacher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Spreitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Choi JW, Ju YH, Choi Y, Hyeon SJ, Gadhe CG, Park JH, Kim MS, Baek S, Kim Y, Park KD, Pae AN, Ryu H, Lee CJ, Cho BR. PyrPeg, a Blood-Brain-Barrier-Penetrating Two-Photon Imaging Probe, Selectively Detects Neuritic Plaques, Not Tau Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1801-1810. [PMID: 32421307 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) tracers have made a significant contribution to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by allowing a definitive diagnosis in living patients. Unfortunately, they also detect tau and other protein aggregates that compromise test accuracy. In AD research, there has been a growing need for in vivo Aβ imaging by two-photon microscopy, which enables deep-brain-fluorescence imaging. There is no suitable neuritic Aβ probe for two-photon microscopy. Here we report PyrPeg, a novel two-photon fluorescent probe that can selectively target insoluble Aβ rather than tau and α-synuclein aggregates in the AD model brain and postmortem brain. When injected intravenously, PyrPeg detects the neuritic plaques in the brain and olfactory bulb of the AD model. PyrPeg may serve as a useful blood-brain-barrier-penetrating diagnostic tool for optical and functional monitoring of insoluble forms of Aβ aggregates in the living AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsook Choi
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changdev G. Gadhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeop Baek
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy and Department of Biotechnology, and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy and Department of Biotechnology, and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, KIST, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center (BU ADC) and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Rae Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Sorbitol as a Polar Pharmacological Modifier to Enhance the Hydrophilicity of 99mTc-Tricarbonyl-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112680. [PMID: 32527027 PMCID: PMC7321340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The organometallic technetium-99m tricarbonyl core, [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+, is a versatile precursor for the development of radiotracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A drawback of the 99mTc-tricarbonyl core is its lipophilicity, which can influence the pharmacokinetic properties of the SPECT imaging probe. Addition of polar pharmacological modifiers to 99mTc-tricarbonyl conjugates holds the promise to counteract this effect and provide tumor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals with improved hydrophilicities, e.g., resulting in a favorable fast renal excretion in vivo. We applied the "Click-to-Chelate" strategy for the assembly of a novel 99mTc-tricarbonyl labeled conjugate made of the tumor-targeting, modified bombesin binding sequence [Nle14]BBN(7-14) and the carbohydrate sorbitol as a polar modifier. The 99mTc-radiopeptide was evaluated in vitro with PC-3 cells and in Fox-1nu mice bearing PC-3 xenografts including a direct comparison with a reference conjugate lacking the sorbitol moiety. The glycated 99mTc-tricarbonyl peptide conjugate exhibited an increased hydrophilicity as well as a retained affinity toward the Gastrin releasing peptide receptor and cell internalization properties. However, there was no significant difference in vivo in terms of pharmacokinetic properties. In particular, the rate and route of excretion was unaltered in comparison to the more lipophilic reference compound. This could be attributed to the intrinsic properties of the peptide and/or its metabolites. We report a novel glycated (sorbitol-containing) alkyne substrate for the "Click-to-Chelate" methodology, which is potentially of general applicability for the development of 99mTc-tricarbonyl based radiotracers displaying an enhanced hydrophilicity.
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Işık M, Bergazin TD, Fox T, Rizzi A, Chodera JD, Mobley DL. Assessing the accuracy of octanol-water partition coefficient predictions in the SAMPL6 Part II log P Challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:335-370. [PMID: 32107702 PMCID: PMC7138020 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SAMPL Challenges aim to focus the biomolecular and physical modeling community on issues that limit the accuracy of predictive modeling of protein-ligand binding for rational drug design. In the SAMPL5 log D Challenge, designed to benchmark the accuracy of methods for predicting drug-like small molecule transfer free energies from aqueous to nonpolar phases, participants found it difficult to make accurate predictions due to the complexity of protonation state issues. In the SAMPL6 log P Challenge, we asked participants to make blind predictions of the octanol-water partition coefficients of neutral species of 11 compounds and assessed how well these methods performed absent the complication of protonation state effects. This challenge builds on the SAMPL6 p[Formula: see text] Challenge, which asked participants to predict p[Formula: see text] values of a superset of the compounds considered in this log P challenge. Blind prediction sets of 91 prediction methods were collected from 27 research groups, spanning a variety of quantum mechanics (QM) or molecular mechanics (MM)-based physical methods, knowledge-based empirical methods, and mixed approaches. There was a 50% increase in the number of participating groups and a 20% increase in the number of submissions compared to the SAMPL5 log D Challenge. Overall, the accuracy of octanol-water log P predictions in SAMPL6 Challenge was higher than cyclohexane-water log D predictions in SAMPL5, likely because modeling only the neutral species was necessary for log P and several categories of method benefited from the vast amounts of experimental octanol-water log P data. There were many highly accurate methods: 10 diverse methods achieved RMSE less than 0.5 log P units. These included QM-based methods, empirical methods, and mixed methods with physical modeling supported with empirical corrections. A comparison of physical modeling methods showed that QM-based methods outperformed MM-based methods. The average RMSE of the most accurate five MM-based, QM-based, empirical, and mixed approach methods based on RMSE were 0.92 ± 0.13, 0.48 ± 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.05, and 0.50 ± 0.06, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Işık
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | - Thomas Fox
- Computational Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David L Mobley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Exploring the binding mode of triflamide derivatives at the active site of Topo I and Topo II enzymes: In silico analysis and precise molecular docking. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-1750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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38
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Richert M, Walczyk M, Cieślak MJ, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Królewska-Golińska K, Wrzeszcz G, Muzioł T, Biniak S. Synthesis, X-ray structure, physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of mer and fac Ru(iii) triphenylphosphine complexes with a benzothiazole derivative as a co-ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 48:10689-10702. [PMID: 31241117 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two mononuclear ruthenium(iii) mer- and fac-isomers of the formula [RuCl3(PPh3)(dmpbt)] (where PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, dmpbt = 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazoll-yl)benzothiazole) have been synthesised from the reaction of [RuCl3(PPh3)3] with a bidentate ligand - dmpbt. Appropriate reaction conditions allowed obtaining the two isomers separately without separation techniques. X-ray crystallography has determined the crystal and molecular structures of the new complexes. mer-Ru(iii) (1) crystallised in the monoclinic P2(1)/n group, and fac-Ru(iii) (2, 2') in the triclinic P1[combining macron] space group. The composition of the ruthenium coordination sphere was confirmed and characterised using spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV-vis and EPR), elemental analysis and mass spectrometry (MS-FAB). The structures of the complexes obtained were analysed using X-ray and other spectroscopic methods (IR and UV-vis). The electrochemical properties of the ligand and the complex compound were identified using cyclic voltammetry, determining the potential and charge of faradaic processes. Both isomers are redox active and display quasi-reversible metal centered redox processes for the Ru(iii)/Ru(ii) pair. Moreover, preliminary tests of their biological activity were performed. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been tested for human lung carcinoma (A549), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The ability to induce apoptosis has been demonstrated in caspase 3/7 activity assay. In addition, the lipophilicity of both isomers was described by a partition coefficient, log P, values of which were estimated by the shake-flask method. The interesting and promising preliminary results of the biological and chemical activities of the new octahedral mer/fac Ru(iii) complexes motivate further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Richert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Walczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Janusz Cieślak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Muzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Stanisław Biniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Maurer A, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Herfert K, Kuebler L, Buss S, Schmidt F, Weckbecker D, Linder R, Bender D, Giese A, Pichler BJ, Griesinger C. 11 C Radiolabeling of anle253b: a Putative PET Tracer for Parkinson's Disease That Binds to α-Synuclein Fibrils in vitro and Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:411-415. [PMID: 31859430 PMCID: PMC7079211 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need for imaging of α‐synuclein (αSyn) fibrils, the hallmark biomarker for Parkinson's disease, in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite immense efforts, promising tracer candidates for nuclear imaging of αSyn are rare. Diphenyl pyrazoles are known modulators of αSyn aggregation and thus bear potential for non‐invasive detection of this biomarker in vivo. Here we demonstrate high‐affinity binding of the family member anle253b to fibrillar αSyn and present a high‐yielding site‐selective radiosynthesis route for 11C radiolabeling using in‐situ generated [11C]formaldehyde and reductive methylation. Radio‐HPLC of the tracer after incubation with rat serum in vitro shows excellent stability of the molecule. Positron emission tomography in healthy animals is used to assess the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the tracer, showing good penetration of the blood–brain barrier and low background binding to the non‐pathological brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Buss
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Weckbecker
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Linder
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department for Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
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Radiosynthesis and Biological Investigation of a Novel Fluorine-18 Labeled Benzoimidazotriazine- Based Radioligand for the Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 2A with Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224149. [PMID: 31731831 PMCID: PMC6891464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific radioligand for the imaging of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) via positron emission tomography (PET) would be helpful for research on the physiology and disease-related changes in the expression of this enzyme in the brain. In this report, the radiosynthesis of a novel PDE2A radioligand and the subsequent biological evaluation were described. Our prospective compound 1-(2-chloro-5-methoxy phenyl)-8-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-3- methylbenzo[e]imidazo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine, benzoimidazotriazine (BIT1) (IC50 PDE2A = 3.33 nM; 16-fold selectivity over PDE10A) was fluorine-18 labeled via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding nitro precursor using the K[18F]F-K2.2.2-carbonate complex system. The new radioligand [18F]BIT1 was obtained with a high radiochemical yield (54 ± 2%, n = 3), a high radiochemical purity (≥99%), and high molar activities (155–175 GBq/μmol, n = 3). In vitro autoradiography on pig brain cryosections exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution of [18F]BIT1 corresponding to the known pattern of expression of PDE2A. The investigation of in vivo metabolism of [18F]BIT1 in a mouse revealed sufficient metabolic stability. PET studies in mouse exhibited a moderate brain uptake of [18F]BIT1 with a maximum standardized uptake value of ~0.7 at 5 min p.i. However, in vivo blocking studies revealed a non-target specific binding of [18F]BIT1. Therefore, further structural modifications are needed to improve target selectivity.
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41
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Linciano P, De Filippis B, Ammazzalorso A, Amoia P, Cilurzo F, Fantacuzzi M, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Petit C, Amoroso R. Druggability profile of stilbene-derived PPAR agonists: determination of physicochemical properties and PAMPA study. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1892-1899. [PMID: 32206235 PMCID: PMC7069374 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PPAR agonists represent a new therapeutic opportunity for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, but their pharmacological success depends on favourable pharmacokinetic properties and capability to cross the BBB. In this study, we assayed some PPAR agonists previously synthesized by us for their physicochemical properties, with particular references to lipophilicity, solubility and permeability profiles, using the PAMPA. Although tested compounds showed high lipophilicity and low aqueous solubility, the results revealed a good overall druggability profile, encouraging further studies in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena , via Giuseppe Campi 103 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Pasquale Amoia
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
| | - Charlotte Petit
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva , University of Lausanne , CMU - 1 rue Michel-Servet , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy , University "G. d'Annunzio" , via dei Vestini 31 , 66100 Chieti , Italy .
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L'Estrade ET, Erlandsson M, Edgar FG, Ohlsson T, Knudsen GM, Herth MM. Towards selective CNS PET imaging of the 5-HT 7 receptor system: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2019; 172:107830. [PMID: 31669129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1993, the serotonin receptor subtype 7 (5-HT7) has attracted significant attention as a potential drug target; due to its elucidated roles in conditions such as insomnia, schizophrenia, and more. Therefore, it is unsurprising that there has been relatively early efforts undertaken to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent for said receptor system. PET can be clinically used to probe receptor systems in vivo, permitting information such as a drug's occupancy against this system to be investigated. This review focuses on the efforts towards the development of a 5-HT7R selective PET CNS tracer over the last 20 years, critically reflecting on applied strategies and commonly employed chemical frameworks and suggests future considerations that are needed to successfully develop a PET tracer for this clinically relevant target. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina T L'Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fraser G Edgar
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zhang X, Niu W, Tang T, Hou C, Guo Y, Kong R. A Strategy to Find Novel Candidate DKAs Inhibitors Using Modified QSAR Model with Favorable Druggability Properties. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Radaram B, Pisaneschi F, Rao Y, Yang P, Piwnica-Worms D, Alauddin MM. Novel derivatives of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: Synthesis, radiolabeling, and preliminary biological studies of fluoroethyl analogues of crizotinib, alectinib, and ceritinib. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111571. [PMID: 31425908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, is a therapeutic target in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer. Although several ALK inhibitors, including crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib, are approved for cancer treatment, their long-term benefit is often limited by the cancer's acquisition of resistance owing to secondary point mutations in ALK. Importantly, some ALK inhibitors cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus have little or no efficacy against brain metastases. The introduction of a lipophilic moiety, such as a fluoroethyl group may improve the drug's BBB penetration. Herein, we report the synthesis of fluoroethyl analogues of crizotinib 1, alectinib 4, and ceritinib 9, and their radiolabeling with 18F for pharmacokinetic studies. The fluoroethyl derivatives and their radioactive analogues were obtained in good yields with high purity and good molar activity. A cytotoxicity screen in ALK-expressing H2228 lung cancer cells showed that the analogues had up to nanomolar potency and the addition of the fluorinated moiety had minimal impact overall on the potency of the original drugs. Positron emission tomography in healthy mice showed that the analogues had enhanced BBB penetration, suggesting that they have therapeutic potential against central nervous system metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhasker Radaram
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Federica Pisaneschi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mian M Alauddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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45
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Laube M, Frizler M, Wodtke R, Neuber C, Belter B, Kniess T, Bachmann M, Gütschow M, Pietzsch J, Löser R. Synthesis and preliminary radiopharmacological characterisation of an 11 C-labelled azadipeptide nitrile as potential PET tracer for imaging of cysteine cathepsins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:448-459. [PMID: 30912586 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An O-methyltyrosine-containing azadipeptide nitrile was synthesised and investigated for its inhibitory activity towards cathepsins L, S, K, and B. Labelling with carbon-11 was accomplished by reaction of the corresponding phenolic precursor with [11 C]methyl iodide starting from cyclotron-produced [11 C]methane. Radiopharmacological evaluation of the resulting radiotracer in a mouse xenograft model derived from a mammary tumour cell line by small animal PET imaging indicates tumour targeting with complex pharmacokinetics. Radiotracer uptake in the tumour region was considerably lower under treatment with the nonradioactive reference compound and the epoxide-based irreversible cysteine cathepsin inhibitor E64. The in vivo behaviour observed for this radiotracer largely confirms that of the corresponding 18 F-fluoroethylated analogue and suggests the limited suitability of azadipeptide nitriles for the imaging of tumour-associated cysteine cathepsins despite target-mediated uptake is evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxim Frizler
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Belter
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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(R)-[ 18F]NEBIFQUINIDE: A promising new PET tracer for TSPO imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:410-418. [PMID: 31125895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), has a high diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. However, TSPO is considered a challenge for molecular imaging due to the poor availability of suitable radiotracers with adequate pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we describe the development of a radiofluorinated pyridinyl isoquinoline analogue of the established TSPO PET tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 with improved binding properties in all known human TSPO phenotypes. We conducted a complete preclinical evaluation using in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo methods to assess the performance of this novel radiotracer and observed high specific binding of the radiotracer to TSPO, as well as high metabolic stability. Therefore, we propose this radiolabeled compound for further evaluation in animal models as well as in clinical trials.
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new translocator protein ligands designed for positron emission tomography. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:539-550. [PMID: 30888874 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Dysregulated levels of the translocator protein TSPO 18 KDa have been reported in several disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. This makes TSPO an interesting target for the development of diagnostic biomarkers. Even though several radioligands have already been developed for in vivo TSPO imaging, the ideal TSPO radiotracer has still not been found. RESULTS Here, we report the chemical synthesis of a set of new TSPO ligands designed for future application in positron emission tomography, together with the determination of their biological activity and applied 11C-labeling strategy. CONCLUSION The lead compound of our series, (R)-[11C]Me@NEBIQUINIDE, showed very promising results and is therefore proposed to be further evaluated under in vivo settings.
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Radiotracers for imaging of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sobańska AW. Application of planar chromatographic descriptors to the prediction of physicochemical properties and biological activity of compounds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1447886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W. Sobańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of [ 18F]FE@SUPPY for Cancer PET Imaging: Limitations of a Xenograft Model for Colorectal Cancer. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1269830. [PMID: 29666562 PMCID: PMC5830979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1269830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging probes such as PET-tracers have the potential to improve the accuracy of tumor characterization by directly visualizing the biochemical situation. Thus, molecular changes can be detected early before morphological manifestation. The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is described to be highly expressed in colon cancer cell lines and human colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting this receptor as a tumor marker. The aim of this preclinical study was the evaluation of [18F]FE@SUPPY as a PET-tracer for CRC using in vitro imaging and in vivo PET imaging. First, affinity and selectivity of FE@SUPPY and its metabolites were determined, proving the favorable binding profile of FE@SUPPY. The human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 was characterized regarding its hA3AR expression and was subsequently chosen as tumor graft. Promising results regarding the potential of [18F]FE@SUPPY as a PET-tracer for CRC imaging were obtained by autoradiography as ≥2.3-fold higher accumulation of [18F]FE@SUPPY was found in CRC tissue compared to adjacent healthy colon tissue from the same patient. Nevertheless, first in vivo studies using HT-29 xenografts showed insufficient tumor uptake due to (1) poor conservation of target expression in xenografts and (2) unfavorable pharmacokinetics of [18F]FE@SUPPY in mice. We therefore conclude that HT-29 xenografts are not adequate to visualize hA3ARs using [18F]FE@SUPPY.
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