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Asbaghi O, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Larky DA, Bagheri R, Amirani N, Goudarzi K, Kargar F, Ghanavati M, Zamani M. The effects of green tea extract supplementation on body composition, obesity-related hormones and oxidative stress markers: a grade-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1125-1157. [PMID: 38031409 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300260x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that green tea extract (GTE) supplementation is beneficial for a range of conditions, including several forms of cancer, CVD and liver diseases; nevertheless, the existing evidence addressing its effects on body composition, oxidative stress and obesity-related hormones is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of GTE supplementation on body composition (body mass (BM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass (FM), BMI, waist circumference (WC)), obesity-related hormones (leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) markers. We searched proper databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, up to July 2022 to recognise published randomised controlled trials (RCT) that investigated the effects of GTE supplementation on the markers mentioned above. A random effects model was used to carry out a meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I2 index. Among the initial 11 286 studies identified from an electronic database search, fifty-nine studies involving 3802 participants were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated that BM, BFP, BMI and MDA significantly reduced following GTE supplementation. In addition, GTE supplementation increased adiponectin and TAC, with no effects on FM, leptin and ghrelin. Certainty of evidence across outcomes ranged from low to high. Our results suggest that GTE supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress, BM, BMI and BFP, which are thought to negatively affect human health. Moreover, GTE as a nutraceutical dietary supplement can increase TAC and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kargar
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O.19395-4741, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bojarczuk A, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M. Polyphenol Supplementation and Antioxidant Status in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010158. [PMID: 36615815 PMCID: PMC9823453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants in sports exercise training remain a debated research topic. Plant-derived polyphenol supplements are frequently used by athletes to reduce the negative effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate the recovery of muscular function, and enhance performance. These processes can be efficiently modulated by antioxidant supplementation. The existing literature has failed to provide unequivocal evidence that dietary polyphenols should be promoted specifically among athletes. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polyphenols' bioavailability, their role in exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and supplementation strategies in athletes. Overall, we draw attention to the paucity of available evidence suggesting that most antioxidant substances are beneficial to athletes. Additional research is necessary to reveal more fully their impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress and athletes' antioxidant status, as well as optimal dosing methods.
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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An Overview on How Exercise with Green Tea Consumption Can Prevent the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Improve Sports Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010218. [PMID: 35010479 PMCID: PMC8750450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are reactive products that have multiple effects on the human body. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants manage the overproduction of free radicals. However, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant factors causes oxidative stress. Exercise and physical activity are factors that increase oxidative stress and disrupts the body’s homeostasis. Intensity and duration of training, training characteristics, and fitness level can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress. Green tea consumption is recommended for the prevention of a variety of diseases, health maintenance, and weight loss. The effectiveness of green tea is primarily due to the presence of catechins and polyphenols, specifically (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties based on clinical and animal studies. This review investigates the effect of green tea exercise and their interactive effects on free radicals and sports improvement.
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Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111731. [PMID: 34829602 PMCID: PMC8614888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that green tea supplementation has antioxidant properties. However, whether green tea supplementation leads to oxidative stress reduction remains unclear, as clinical investigations on this subject have yielded inconsistent outcomes. Consequently, we aimed to determine the effects of green tea supplementation on oxidative stress in adults. A systematic search of English language publications up to 21 August 2021 was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science, utilizing pertinent keywords. These searches included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the relationship between green tea supplementation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in adults. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Meta-regression and non-linear dose-response analyses were performed to investigate the association between the dosage of green tea (mg/day) and the duration of the intervention (weeks) with pooled effect size. Sixteen RCTs with seventeen arms including 760 participants met the inclusion criteria. Our results indicated that green tea supplementation had significant effects on TAC (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.20 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.30, p < 0.001) and significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 98.6%, p < 0.001), which was largely related to gender and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analysis in TAC identified a significant relationship except with low dose supplementation and obese individuals. No relationship between MDA and green tea supplementation was observed in any subgroups; however, meta-regression analysis revealed a linear inverse association between the dosage and significant change in MDA (r = −2117.18, p = 0.017). Our outcomes suggest that green tea supplementation improves TAC and affects MDA based on the dose of the intervention in adults. Future RCTs with longer durations are needed to expand our findings.
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Hooshmand Moghadam B, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, Khodadadi F, Cheraghloo N, Wong A, Nordvall M, Suzuki K, Shabkhiz F. The Combined Effects of 6 Weeks of Jump Rope Interval Exercise and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Antioxidant Markers in Obese Adolescent Boys. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1675. [PMID: 34829546 PMCID: PMC8614646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that both dark chocolate and exercise training may have favorable effects on antioxidant function in obese cohorts. However, their combined effect has not been established. We assessed the influences of six weeks of dark chocolate consumption combined with jump rope exercise on antioxidant markers in adolescent boys with obesity. Fifty adolescent boys with obesity (age = 15 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into one of four groups; jump rope exercise + white chocolate consumption (JW; n = 13), jump rope exercise + dark chocolate consumption (JD; n = 13), dark chocolate consumption (DC; n = 12), or control (C; n = 12). Two participants dropped out of the study. Participants in JW and JD groups performed jump rope exercise three times per week for six weeks. Participants in the DC and JD groups consumed 30 g of dark chocolate containing 83% of cocoa during the same period. Serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated prior to and after the interventions. All 3 intervention groups noted significant (p < 0.01) increases in serum concentrations of TAC, SOD, and GPx from baseline to post-test. In contrast, all intervention groups showed significantly reduced serum concentrations of TBARS from pre- to post-test (p ≤ 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc analysis revealed that post-test serum concentrations of TAC in the JD group were significantly greater than C (p < 0.001), DC (p = 0.010), and JW (p < 0.001) groups. In addition, post-test serum concentrations of SOD in the JD group were significantly greater than C group (p = 0.001). Post-test serum concentrations of GPx in the JD group were significantly greater than C (p < 0.001), DC (p = 0.021), and JW (p = 0.032) groups. The post-test serum concentrations of TBARS in the JD group was significantly lower than C (p < 0.001). No other significant between-group differences were observed. The current study provides evidence that dark chocolate consumption in combination with jump rope exercise is more efficient in improving antioxidant capacity than dark chocolate consumption or jump rope exercise alone among obese adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand Moghadam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1961733114, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Khodadadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
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Rojano-Ortega D. Regular, but not acute, green tea supplementation increases total antioxidant status and reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2021; 94:34-43. [PMID: 34624703 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of green tea supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Four electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2020: SPORTDiscuss, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy was established in the following manner: (green tea) (Title/Abstract) AND (exercise OR training) (Title/Abstract) AND (oxidative stress OR antioxidant OR oxidation) (Title). After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria 11, randomized or non-randomized control trials were included, 6 with a parallel design and 5 with a crossover design. Study methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale, and all studies were considered of moderate quality. Overall, acute green tea ingestion does not appear to influence antioxidant status or reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, green tea supplementation before exercise, for periods of more than 1 week, in a dose range of 400 to 800 mg of catechins per day, appears to be efficacious to increase total antioxidant status and protect cells against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Future investigations should focus on beginning green tea supplementation more than 7 days before exercise and completing it 2 or 3 days after while monitoring the change of markers of oxidative stress up to 48-72 h after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojano-Ortega
- Department of Informatics and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013 Sevilla, España.
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Fan J, Zhao XH, Zhao JR, Li BR. Galangin and Kaempferol Alleviate the Indomethacin-Caused Cytotoxicity and Barrier Loss in Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells Via Mediating JNK/Src Activation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15046-15056. [PMID: 34151085 PMCID: PMC8210432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like indomethacin and others are widely used in clinics, but they have the potential to cause severe gastrointestinal damage including intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, two flavonols galangin and kaempferol with or without heat treatment (100 °C, 30 min) were assessed for their effect on indomethacin-damaged rat intestine epithelial (IEC-6) cells. In total, the cell exposure of 300 μmol/L indomethacin for 24 h caused cell toxicity efficiently, resulting in decreased cell viability, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and obvious barrier loss. Meanwhile, pretreatment of the cells with these flavonols for 24 and 48 h before the indomethacin exposure could alleviate cytotoxicity and especially barrier loss, resulting in increased cell viability and transepithelial resistance, decreased LDH release, ROS production, and paracellular permeability, together with the promoted expression of three tight junction proteins zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and expression levels of p-JNK and p-Src arisen from the indomethacin damage were also reduced by the flavonols, suggesting an inhibited calcium-mediated JNK/Src activation. Consistently, galangin showed higher activity than kaempferol to the cells, while the heated flavonols were less efficient than the unheated counterparts. It is thus highlighted that the two flavonols could alleviate indomethacin cytotoxicity and combat against the indomethacin-induced barrier loss in IEC-6 cells, but heat treatment of the flavonols would weaken the two beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Maoming
Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ren Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Ru Li
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Zeng Z, Centner C, Gollhofer A, König D. Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040542. [PMID: 33807377 PMCID: PMC8066171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniel König
- Centre of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Acute effect of green tea catechins on uric acid metabolism after alcohol ingestion in Japanese men. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:2881-2888. [PMID: 33569708 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the acute effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX; UA precursors) after alcohol ingestion. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, ten healthy Japanese subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shōchū) with water (SW) or Shōchū with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of catechin in total. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal. RESULTS Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group (UA: SW, 0.45 ± 0.08; SC, 0.52 ± 0.09; Xa/HX: SW, 0.08 ± 0.04; SC, 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/kg/h). UA clearance (CUA) and fractional UA excretion (FEUA) tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group (CUA: SW, 7.76 ± 2.14; SC, 8.75 ± 2.23 mL/min/1.73 m2; FEUA: SW, 6.08 ± 1.36; SC, 6.64 ± 1.42%). No significant differences in serum UA and Xa/HX concentrations were observed between two groups. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000040076. Retrospectively registered 7 April 2020. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045687 Key Points • Green tea catechins enhance the excretion of uric acid and xanthine/hypoxanthine, even when alcohol is ingested simultaneously. • In case of non-adherence of limiting alcohol intake, catechin-rich green tea may be an effective dietary component to continue dietary therapy.
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Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:969-992. [PMID: 33420603 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been a multitude of reviews written on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and recovery. EIMD is a complex area of study as there are a host of factors such as sex, age, nutrition, fitness level, genetics and familiarity with exercise task, which influence the magnitude of performance decrement and the time course of recovery following EIMD. In addition, many reviews on recovery from exercise have ranged from the impact of nutritional strategies and recovery modalities, to complex mechanistic examination of various immune and endocrine signaling molecules. No one review can adequately address this broad array of study. Thus, in this present review, we aim to examine EIMD emanating from both endurance exercise and resistance exercise training in recreational and competitive athletes and shed light on nutritional strategies that can enhance and accelerate recovery following EIMD. In addition, the evaluation of EIMD and recovery from exercise is often complicated and conclusions often depend of the specific mode of assessment. As such, the focus of this review is also directed at the available techniques used to assess EIMD.
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Abdollahi S, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Abdollahi K, Gholami N, Ziyarati A, Nikbin S, Iraji R, Hajiaghaee R, Azarbayjani MA. Phoenix dactylifera pollen does not affect eccentric resistance exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in female athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Sobhani V, Mehrtash M, Shirvani H, Fasihi-Ramandi M. Effects of Short-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on VO 2 Max and Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses of Healthy Young Men in a Hot Environment. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 33312479 PMCID: PMC7716607 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_64_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the use of green tea supplements has increased. Studies have shown that green tea can have positive effects on anti-inflammatory and antioxidative factors, as well as improve aerobic performance capacity. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effects of this supplement on inflammatory factors, total antioxidant capacity responses, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) of healthy young men in summer. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 15 young men (age 25.06 ± 2.1) were randomly assigned into the green tea (GT) and placebo groups. Subjects performed maximum aerobic exercises (shuttle run 20 m) in separate workouts (14 days) in summer. They consumed 640 mg green tea extracts or maltodextrin 90 min before exercise in a double-blind design. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise and then evaluated in the biochemistry laboratory. In this study, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study show that green tea supplement significantly slowed down the increasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (GT: 15.03 ± 4.31 [pg/ml], placebo: 31.38 ± 7.18 [pg/ml], [P = 0.000]); increased the total antioxidant capacity (GT: 1.04 ± 0.06 [mm], placebo group: 0.72 ± 0.04 [mm], [P = 0.001 VO2]); and Max (GT: 44.43 ± 3.06 [ml/kg/min], placebo group: 34.88 ± 1.30 [ml/kg/min], [P = 0.001]) in the supplement group than placebo. In addition, no significant differences in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was observed between thee groups (GT: 26.86 ± 5.05 [pg/ml], placebo group: 23.47 ± 3.16 [pg/ml], [P = 0.251]). Conclusions: The consumption of green tea supplements 90 min before aerobic exercise may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress factors and improve VO2 Max in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrtash
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111050. [PMID: 33126483 PMCID: PMC7692648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and sarcopenia are two major joint and skeletal muscle diseases prevalent during aging. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial progressive degenerative and inflammatory disorder of articular cartilage. Cartilage protection and pain management are the two most important strategies in the management of osteoarthritis. Sarcopenia, a condition of loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated with impaired neuromuscular innervation, the transition of skeletal muscle fiber type, and reduced muscle regenerative capacity. Management of sarcopenia requires addressing both skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Emerging evidence suggests that green tea catechins play an important role in maintaining healthy joints and skeletal muscle. This review covers (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, such as excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced autophagy; (ii) the effects of green tea catechins on joint health by downregulating inflammatory signaling mediators, upregulating anabolic mediators, and modulating miRNAs expression, resulting in reduced chondrocyte death, collagen degradation, and cartilage protection; (iii) the effects of green tea catechins on skeletal muscle health via maintaining a dynamic balance between protein synthesis and degradation and boosting the synthesis of mitochondrial energy metabolism, resulting in favorable muscle homeostasis and mitigation of muscle atrophy with aging; and (iv) the current study limitations and future research directions.
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15
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Júnior ASS, Aidar FJ, Santos JLD, Estevam CDS, Dos Santos JDM, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Lima FB, De Araújo SS, Marçal AC. Effects of resistance training and turmeric supplementation on reactive species marker stress in diabetic rats. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:45. [PMID: 32774865 PMCID: PMC7409633 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species caused by autoimmune destruction of beta-cells in the pancreas. Among the antioxidant compounds, Curcuma longa (CL) has potential antioxidant effects and may improve hyperglycemia in uncontrolled T1DM/TD1, as well as prevent its complications (higher costs for the maintenance of health per patient, functional disability, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic damage). In addition to the use of compounds to attenuate the effects triggered by diabetes, physical exercise is also essential for glycemic control and the maintenance of skeletal muscles. Our objective is to evaluate the effects of CL supplementation associated with moderate- to high-intensity resistance training on the parameters of body weight recovery, glycemic control, reactive species markers, and tissue damage in rats with T1DM/TD1. Methods Forty male 3-month-old Wistar rats (200–250 g) with alloxan-induced T1DM were divided into 4 groups (n = 7–10): sedentary diabetics (DC); diabetic rats that underwent a 4-week resistance training protocol (TD); CL-supplemented diabetic rats (200 mg/kg body weight, 3x a week) (SD); and supplemented diabetic rats under the same conditions as above and submitted to training (TSD). Body weight, blood glucose, and the following biochemical markers were analyzed: lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results Compared to the DC group, the TD group showed body weight gain (↑7.99%, p = 0.0153) and attenuated glycemia (↓23.14%, p = 0.0008) and total cholesterol (↓31.72%, p ≤ 0.0041) associated with diminished reactive species markers in pancreatic (↓45.53%, p < 0.0001) and cardiac tissues (↓51.85%, p < 0.0001). In addition, compared to DC, TSD promoted body weight recovery (↑15.44%, p ≤ 0.0001); attenuated glycemia (↓42.40%, p ≤ 0.0001), triglycerides (↓39.96%, p ≤ 0.001), and total cholesterol (↓28.61%, p ≤ 0.05); and attenuated the reactive species markers in the serum (↓26.92%, p ≤ 0.01), pancreas (↓46.22%, p ≤ 0.0001), cardiac (↓55.33%, p ≤ 0.001), and skeletal muscle (↓42.27%, p ≤ 0.001) tissues caused by T1DM. Conclusion Resistance training associated (and/or not) with the use of Curcuma longa attenuated weight loss, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, reactive species markers, and T1DM-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe José Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil.,Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvan Silva De Araújo
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe Brazil
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16
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Effect of mate tea consumption on rapid force production after eccentric exercise: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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El-Mekkawy HI, Al-Kahtani MA, Shati AA, Alshehri MA, Al-Doaiss AA, Elmansi AA, Ahmed AE. Black tea and curcumin synergistically mitigate the hepatotoxicity and nephropathic changes induced by chronic exposure to aflatoxin-B1 in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13346. [PMID: 32602579 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to clarify the characteristics of black tea (BTE) and/or curcumin (CMN) against aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). Forty eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. G1 was non-treated control. G2, G3, and G4 were olive oil, BTE, and CMN, respectively. G5 was olive oil-dissolved AFB1 (25 µg/kg b.w). G6, G7, and G8 were AFB1 along with BTE (2%), CMN (200 mg/kg b.w.), and BTE plus CMN, respectively. All treatments were orally given for consecutive 90 days. After treatment period, rats were sacrificed. Serobiochemical analysis and histopathology showed hepatorenal dysfunction in response to AFB1. Glutathione-antioxidants were significantly decreased versus increased lipid peroxides (p < .05-.001). AFB1 significantly increased the expression of the antitumor p53, but decreased that of antiapoptotic Bcl2 in liver or kidney tissue, either (p < .05). BTE or CMN ameliorated those changes induced by AFB1 in both liver and kidney with highly pronounced improvement when combined BTE/CMN was used. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black tea (BTE) and curcumin (CMN) were known for their antioxidant effects, and several studies reported their independent effects against different toxicities including aflatoxicosis. The current study clarifies the ameliorative characteristics of both agents; BTE and/or CMN, against the toxicity resulted from the chronic exposure to aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) (25 µg/kg b.w. for consecutive 90 days). The dose of either agents, BTE or CMN, was 200 mg/kg b.w. along with AFB1. The pathologic changes, serobiochemical parameters, oxidative stress, histological changes, and the molecular disruption, induced by AFB1 in both liver and kidney were obviously and significantly ameliorated after BTE and/or CMN treatments in variable potencies where both agents showed the most effective antitoxic capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham I El-Mekkawy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin A Al-Doaiss
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Ahmed A Elmansi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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18
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Nasiri M, Ahmadizad S, Hedayati M, Zarekar T, Seydyousefi M, Faghfoori Z. Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:507-512. [PMID: 32400317 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber's ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nasiri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saja Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Zarekar
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Seydyousefi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Singla E, Dharwal V, Naura AS. Gallic acid protects against the COPD-linked lung inflammation and emphysema in mice. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:423-434. [PMID: 32144443 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Gallic acid (GA) a naturally occurring phenolic compound, known to possess antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present work was to investigate the beneficial effects of GA against COPD-linked lung inflammation/emphysema by utilizing elastase (ET) and cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mice model. MATERIALS Male BALB/c mice were treated with ET (1U/mouse) or exposed to CS (9 cigarettes/day for 4 days). GA administration was started 7 days (daily) prior to ET/CS exposure. Broncho-alveolar lavage was analyzed for inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lung homogenate was assessed for MPO activity/GSH/MDA/protein carbonyls. Further, Lung tissue was subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and histological analysis. RESULTS GA suppressed the ET-induced neutrophil infiltration, elevated MPO activity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/TNF-α/IL-1β) at 24 h. Reduced inflammation was accompanied with normalization of redox balance as reflected by ROS/GSH/MDA/protein carbonyl levels. Further, GA suppressed phosphorylation of p65NF-κB and IκBα along with down-regulation of IL-1β/TNF-α/KC/MIP-2/GCSF genes. Furthermore, GA offered protection against ET-induced airspace enlargement and ameliorated MMP-2/MMP-9. Finally, GA suppressed the CS-induced influx of neutrophils and macrophages and blunted gene expression of TNF-α/MIP-2/KC. CONCLUSION Overall, our data show that GA effectively modulates pulmonary inflammation and emphysema associated with COPD pathogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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20
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:18-27. [PMID: 32166661 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows cognitive impairments in clinic, which is multifactorial with different etiopathogenic mechanisms such as Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neuronal dystrophy involved. Therefore, multi-targets drugs with neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory properties will be effective in AD treatment. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities in the prevention and treatment of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we showed that oral administration of EGCG (50 mg/kg) for 4 months significantly attenuated the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which served as AD model. Moreover, EGCG induced an improvement in dendritic integrity and expression levels of synaptic proteins in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. And EGCG exerted obvious anti-inflammatory effects, which was manifested by alleviating microglia activation, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13). Furthermore, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques were markedly reduced in the hippocampus of 6-month old APP/PS1 mice after EGCG treatment. In conclusion, these findings indicate that EGCG improves AD-like cognitive impairments through neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, thus is a promising therapeutic candidate for AD.
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21
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Effects of Timing of Acute and Consecutive Catechin Ingestion on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice and Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020565. [PMID: 32098219 PMCID: PMC7071372 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the timing of acute and consecutive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose in mice and human adults. In mouse experiments, we compared the effects of EGCG administration early (morning) and late (evening) in the active period on postprandial glucose. In human experiments, participants were randomly assigned to the morning-placebo (MP, n = 10), morning-green tea (MGT, n = 10), evening-placebo (EP, n = 9), and evening-green tea (EGT, n = 9) groups, and consumed either catechin-rich green tea or a placebo beverage for 1 week. At baseline and after 1 week, participants consumed their designated beverages with breakfast (MP and MGT) or supper (EP and EGT). Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after each meal. Consecutive administration of EGCG in the evening, but not in the morning, reduced postprandial glucose at 30 (p = 0.006) and 60 (p = 0.037) min in the evening trials in mice. In humans, ingestion of catechin-rich green tea in the evening decreased postprandial glucose (three-factor analysis of variance, p < 0.05). Thus, catechin intake in the evening more effectively suppressed elevation of postprandial glucose.
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22
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Jürgenson J, Serg M, Kampus P, Kals J, Zagura M, Viru M, Zilmer K, Zilmer M, Eha J, Unt E. Oxidative Stress Parameters and Its Associations With Arterial Stiffness in Competitive Powerlifting Athletes After 12-Week Supervised Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1816-1822. [PMID: 30829984 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Jürgenson, J, Serg, M, Kampus, P, Kals, J, Zagura, M, Viru, M, Zilmer, K, Zilmer, M, Eha, J, and Unt, E. Oxidative stress parameters and its associations with arterial stiffness in competitive powerlifting athletes after 12-week supervised strength training. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1816-1822, 2019-Available studies have not revealed a clear understanding of the impact of intensive strength training on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress (OxS) parameters, which may have a significant impact on further cardiovascular health of an athlete. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-week supervised strength training program (SSTP) on oxidative stress indices and its relationship with arterial stiffness in powerlifting athletes. A total of 19 men (28 ± 6 years) exercised for 12 weeks (4 days per week with intensity 60-90% assessed from 1 repetition maximum, 90-120 minutes per session). Oxidative stress parameters and arterial stiffness (SphygmoCor 7.1) were measured before and after SSTP. The study results showed that total peroxide concentration increased and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly after SSTP. There were no significant changes in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or in the augmentation index. Correlation analysis revealed that the magnitude of the increase of cfPWV was significantly related to the increase of OxS. The current study demonstrated that a 12-week SSTP in powerlifting athletes produced significant changes in OxS indices, which were positively related to increased aortic stiffness. This novel finding may have significant implications about the effect of OxS on cardiovascular health after high-intensity strength training. Furthermore, strength and conditioningcoaches may have to consider the long-term exercise-induced changes in OxS on an individual level, where increased OxS leads to impaired arterial stiffness and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janno Jürgenson
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Center of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Serg
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Kampus
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maksim Zagura
- Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mehis Viru
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Zilmer
- Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Eha
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Endothelial Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Estonian Center of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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23
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Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Beyer KS, Varanoske AN, Church DD, Oliveira LP, Herrlinger KA, Radom-Aizik S, Fukuda DH, Stout JR, Hoffman JR. Resistance Exercise Selectively Mobilizes Monocyte Subsets: Role of Polyphenols. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:2231-2241. [PMID: 29957728 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of polyphenol supplementation on the recruitment, mobilization, and activation of monocyte subsets after resistance exercise. METHODS Thirty-eight recreationally active males (22.1 ± 3.1 yr; 173.9 ± 7.9 cm; 77.8 ± 14.5 kg) were assigned to 28 d of polyphenol blend (PPB) supplementation, placebo (PL), or control (CON). Blood samples were obtained before (PRE) postresistance exercise, immediately (IP) postresistance exercise, 1 h (1H) postresistance exercise, 5 h (5H) postresistance exercise, 24 h (24H) postresistance exercise, and 48 h (48H) postresistance exercise (PPB/PL) or rest (CON). Fine-needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at PRE, 1H, 5H, and 48H. Circulating concentrations of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and fractalkine, as well as intramuscular MCP-1 were analyzed via multiplex assay. Changes in the proportions and expression of CD11b on monocyte subsets were assessed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Circulating MCP-1 increased in PPB and PL at IP with further increases at 5H. Intramuscular MCP-1 was increased at 1H, 5H, and 48H in all groups. Classical monocyte proportions were reduced in PPB and PL at IP, and increased at 1H. Nonclassical monocytes were increased in PPB and PL at IP, whereas intermediate monocytes were increased at IP, and reduced at 1H. Intermediate monocytes were increased in PPB at 24H and 48H. CD11b expression was reduced on PPB compared with PL and CON at PRE on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise may elicit selective mobilization of intermediate monocytes at 24H and 48H, which may be mediated by tissue damage. Additionally, polyphenol supplementation may suppress CD11b expression on monocyte subsets at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Jajtner
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | | | - Kyle S Beyer
- Department of Exercise Science, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA
| | - Alyssa N Varanoske
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - David D Church
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Leonardo P Oliveira
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center (PERC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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Cheng L, Qin Y, Hu X, Ren L, Zhang C, Wang X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Hao J, Guo M, Wu Z, Tian J, An L. Melatonin protects in vitro matured porcine oocytes from toxicity of Aflatoxin B1. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12543. [PMID: 30584671 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major food and feed contaminant that threaten public health. Previous studies indicate that AFB1 exposure disrupted oocyte maturation. However, an effective and feasible method is unavailable for protecting oocytes against toxicity of AFB1. In the present study, using in vitro matured porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic embryos as model, we confirmed that AFB1 exposure during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) significantly impaired both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The different concentrations of melatonin were also tested for their protective effects on oocytes against the AFB1-induced toxicity. Our results showed that supplementation of a relative high concentration of melatonin (10-3 mol/L) during IVM efficiently reversed the impaired development rate and blastocyst quality, to the levels comparable to those of the control group. Further analysis indicated that melatonin application efficiently alleviated reactive oxygen species accumulation and initiation of apoptosis induced by AFB1 exposure. In addition, disrupted GSH/GPX system, as well as inhibited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial biogenesis in AFB1-treated oocytes, can be notably reversed by melatonin application. Furthermore, cumulus cells may be important in mediating the toxicity of AFB1 to oocytes, and the metabolism of AFB1 in cumulus cells can be depressed by melatonin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to confirm that melatonin application can efficiently protect oocytes from AFB1-induced toxicity. Our study provides a promising and practical strategy for alleviating or reversing AFB1-induced female reproductive toxicity in both clinical treatment and domestic reproductive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yfanti C, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros I, Jamurtas AZ. Sport nutrition, redox homeostasis and toxicity in sport performance. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Townsend JR, Stout JR, Jajtner AR, Church DD, Beyer KS, Riffe JJ, Muddle TWD, Herrlinger KL, Fukuda DH, Hoffman JR. Polyphenol supplementation alters intramuscular apoptotic signaling following acute resistance exercise. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29380956 PMCID: PMC5789717 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 28‐days of supplementation with an aqueous proprietary polyphenol blend (PPB) sourced from Camellia sinensis on intramuscular apoptotic signaling following an acute lower‐body resistance exercise protocol and subsequent recovery. Untrained males (n = 38, 21.8 ± 2.7 years, 173.4 ± 7.9 cm, 77.6 ± 14.6 kg) were randomized to PPB (n = 14), placebo (PL; n = 14) or control (CON; n = 10). Participants completed a lower‐body resistance exercise protocol comprised of the squat, leg press, and leg extension exercises. Skeletal muscle microbiopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis preexercise (PRE), 1‐h (1HR), 5‐h (5HR), and 48‐h (48HR) post‐resistance exercise. Apoptotic signaling pathways were quantified using multiplex signaling assay kits to quantify total proteins (Caspase 3, 8, 9) and markers of phosphorylation status (JNK, FADD, p53, BAD, Bcl‐2). Changes in markers of muscle damage and intramuscular signaling were analyzed via separate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Change in Bcl‐2 phosphorylation at 1H was significantly greater in PL compared to CON (P = 0.001). BAD phosphorylation was significantly elevated at 5H in PL compared to PPB (P = 0.015) and CON (P = 0.006). The change in JNK phosphorylation was significantly greater in PPB (P = 0.009), and PL (P = 0.017) compared to CON at 1H, while the change for PL was elevated compared to CON at 5H (P = 0.002). A main effect was observed (P < 0.05) at 1H, 5H, and 48H for p53 and Caspase 8, with Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 elevated at 48H. These data indicate that chronic supplementation with PPB alters apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle following acute muscle‐damaging resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Human Performance Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - David D Church
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kyle S Beyer
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Joshua J Riffe
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Tyler W D Muddle
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Green Tea Supplementation During Resistance Training Minimally Affects Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Indices in Obese Men. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.61419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Harty PS, Cottet ML, Malloy JK, Kerksick CM. Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 30617517 PMCID: PMC6323061 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is typically caused by unaccustomed exercise and results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and reduced muscle function. These negative outcomes may cause discomfort and impair subsequent athletic performance or training quality, particularly in individuals who have limited time to recover between training sessions or competitions. In recent years, a multitude of techniques including massage, cryotherapy, and stretching have been employed to combat the signs and symptoms of EIMD, with mixed results. Likewise, many varied nutritional and supplementation interventions intended to treat EIMD-related outcomes have gained prominence in the literature. To date, several review articles have been published that explore the many recovery strategies purported to minimize indirect markers of muscle damage. However, these articles are very limited from a nutritional standpoint. Thus, the purpose of this review is to briefly and comprehensively summarize many of these strategies that have been shown to positively influence the recovery process after damaging exercise. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based on nutrient source: fruits and fruit-derived supplements, vegetables and plant-derived supplements, herbs and herbal supplements, amino acid and protein supplements, vitamin supplements, and other supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Harty
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Megan L. Cottet
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - James K. Malloy
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301 USA
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Single Dose Administration of Taheebo Polyphenol Enhances Endurance Capacity in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14625. [PMID: 30279507 PMCID: PMC6168462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance capacity is important for maintenance of quality of life as well as performance of endurance athletes. In order to improve endurance, intake of nutritional supplements as well as exercise training is also important. Indeed, polyphenolic extracts from plants are known to improve endurance capacity via increase of fatty acid utilization, mitochondrial biogenesis or inhibition of oxidative stress. Taheebo, the extract obtained from inner bark of Tabebuia avellanedae has been reported to have beneficial effects for treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress and obesity. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of polyphenol fraction of taheebo (taheebo polyphenol; TP) on endurance capacity of mice. Single dose administration of TP significantly increased running time until exhaustion. Acute TP administration increased blood glucose and muscle glycogen levels (p < 0.05) through alteration on expression level of genes involved with glycogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, TP administration decreased exercise-induced increase of protein carbonyls in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that TP administration improve endurance capacity via up-regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen levels and maintenance of blood glucose by acceleration of gluconeogenesis as well as inhibition of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Single administration of TP also increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and gene expression level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) but did not change the marker of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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30
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Machado ÁS, da Silva W, Souza MA, Carpes FP. Green Tea Extract Preserves Neuromuscular Activation and Muscle Damage Markers in Athletes Under Cumulative Fatigue. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30174618 PMCID: PMC6107802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A main implication of cumulative fatigue is the muscle damage that impairs neuromuscular function and training adaptations. These negative effects may limit performance when athletes exercise in consecutive days. In this regard, antioxidant supplementation has gain popularity among athletes. Green tea supplementation has been advocated as a strategy to improve exercise recovery due to the activity of its catechins with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Here we performed a triple blinded placebo control experiment to determine the effect of green tea extract (GTE) from Camellia sinensis on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and neuromuscular activity in athletes submitted to consecutive sessions of exercise and fatigue. Sixteen trained amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to a GTE supplemented (500 mg/day) or placebo group during 15 days. Effects of supplementation were tested during repeated trials of submaximal cycling at 60% of peak power output performed after a protocol for cumulative fatigue of knee extensors. Muscle damage and oxidative stress showed lower magnitudes in response to fatigue after GTE supplementation. Placebo group showed impaired neuromuscular activity and higher muscle damage and oxidative stress compared to the GTE group during the cycling trials under fatigue. In summary, GTE supplementation showed positive effects on neuromuscular function in response to a condition of cumulative fatigue. It suggests GTE supplementation may have potential to serve as a strategy to improve performance and recovery in conditions of cumulative exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro S Machado
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Willian da Silva
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Mauren A Souza
- Physiology Research Group, Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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31
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Effects of green tea extract on oxidative stress and renal function in diabetic individuals: A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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32
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Barroso H, Ramalhete R, Domingues A, Maci S. Inhibitory activity of a green and black tea blend on Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1481322. [PMID: 29887975 PMCID: PMC5990952 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1481322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the years, tea consumption has been associated with good health, and some publications are related to oral health. The bioactive components of green tea are thought to be able to influence the process of caries formation through inhibition of proliferation of the streptococcal agent, interference with the process of bacterial adhesion to tooth enamel, and inhibition of glucosyl transferase and amylase; however, little is known about black tea and oral health. The aim of the present in-vitro study was to determine the inhibitory activity of a novel, patent-pending and proprietary blend of green and black tea aqueous extracts on Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium widely associated with plaque development and tooth decay. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 mg/mL was established against S. mutans, meaning that at concentrations of 12.5 mg/mL and higher, the proprietary tea blend is effective against the growth of S. mutans. This MIC concentration is lower than the ones reported in the literature for alcoholic black tea and green tea extracts tested separately. As a promising natural ingredient for oral health, this finding is a good indicator for the use of this proprietary blend of black and green tea water extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Barroso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Egas Moniz (LMAEM), Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, ISCSEM, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Ramalhete
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Egas Moniz (LMAEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Domingues
- Kemin Health, a division of Kemin Foods L.C. Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samanta Maci
- Kemin Health, a division of Kemin Foods L.C. Lisbon, Portugal
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Beyer KS, Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Church DD, Wang R, Riffe JJ, Muddle TWD, Herrlinger KA, Hoffman JR. Impact of Polyphenol Supplementation on Acute and Chronic Response to Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2945-2954. [PMID: 29068862 PMCID: PMC5662159 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beyer, KS, Stout, JR, Fukuda, DH, Jajtner, AR, Townsend, JR, Church, DD, Wang, R, Riffe, JJ, Muddle, TWD, Herrlinger, KA, and Hoffman, JR. Impact of polyphenol supplementation on acute and chronic response to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2945–2954, 2017—This study investigated the effect of a proprietary polyphenol blend (PPB) on acute and chronic adaptations to resistance exercise. Forty untrained men were assigned to control, PPB, or placebo. Participants in PPB or placebo groups completed a 4-week supplementation period (phase I), an acute high-volume exercise bout (phase II), and a 6-week resistance training program (phase III); whereas control completed only testing during phase II. Blood draws were completed during phases I and II. Maximal strength in squat, leg press, and leg extension were assessed before and after phase III. The exercise protocol during phase II consisted of squat, leg press, and leg extension exercises using 70% of the participant's strength. The resistance training program consisted of full-body exercises performed 3 d·wk−1. After phase I, PPB (1.56 ± 0.48 mM) had greater total antioxidant capacity than placebo (1.00 ± 0.90 mM). Changes in strength from phase III were similar between PPB and placebo. Polyphenol blend supplementation may be an effective strategy to increase antioxidant capacity without limiting strength gains from training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Beyer
- 1Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida;2Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio;3Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee; and4Kemin Foods, L.C., Des Moines, Iowa
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Hu J, Webster D, Cao J, Shao A. The safety of green tea and green tea extract consumption in adults - Results of a systematic review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:412-433. [PMID: 29580974 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of published toxicology and human intervention studies was performed to characterize potential hazards associated with consumption of green tea and its preparations. A review of toxicological evidence from laboratory studies revealed the liver as the target organ and hepatotoxicity as the critical effect, which was strongly associated with certain dosing conditions (e.g. bolus dose via gavage, fasting), and positively correlated with total catechin and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) content. A review of adverse event (AE) data from 159 human intervention studies yielded findings consistent with toxicological evidence in that a limited range of concentrated, catechin-rich green tea preparations resulted in hepatic AEs in a dose-dependent manner when ingested in large bolus doses, but not when consumed as brewed tea or extracts in beverages or as part of food. Toxico- and pharmacokinetic evidence further suggests internal dose of catechins is a key determinant in the occurrence and severity of hepatotoxicity. A safe intake level of 338 mg EGCG/day for adults was derived from toxicological and human safety data for tea preparations ingested as a solid bolus dose. An Observed Safe Level (OSL) of 704 mg EGCG/day might be considered for tea preparations in beverage form based on human AE data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Hu
- Worldwide Scientific Affairs, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Donna Webster
- Product Science, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Joyce Cao
- Global Post Market Safety Surveillance, Herbalife Nutrition, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Andrew Shao
- Independent Consultant, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90505, USA.
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35
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Kosuru RY, Roy A, Das SK, Bera S. Gallic Acid and Gallates in Human Health and Disease: Do Mitochondria Hold the Key to Success? Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29178387 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid and gallate esters are widely used as dietary supplements or additives with clinical significances. Over the last few decades, a large number of publications have been reported stating the antioxidative, antiapoptotic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties of gallic acid and gallates, and mostly demonstrated their antioxidative or prooxidative properties influencing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling networks. However, very little focus has been paid to clinical trials, and this restricted their use as a prescribed preventative supplement. Since mitochondria are the principal organelles responsible for ROS generation, we reviewed the existing literature of mitochondria-specific effects of gallates including ROS production, respiration, mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and the physico-chemical parameters affecting the outcome of gallate supplementation to various health scenarios such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, hepatic ailments, or cancers. The major signaling pathways and the molecules targeted by gallic acid and its derivatives have also been discussed with emphasis on mitochondria as the target site. This review provides a better understanding of the effect of gallic acid and gallate esters on mitochondrial functions and in designing effective preventative measures against the onset of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Yamini Kosuru
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Bioproducts Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, 600020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Soumen Bera
- School of Life Sciences, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
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36
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Jajtner AR, Hoffman JR, Townsend JR, Beyer KS, Varanoske AN, Church DD, Oliveira LP, Herrlinger KA, Radom-Aizik S, Fukuda DH, Stout JR. The effect of polyphenols on cytokine and granulocyte response to resistance exercise. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13058. [PMID: 28039406 PMCID: PMC5210375 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of resistance exercise on the production, recruitment, percentage, and adhesion characteristics of granulocytes with and without polyphenol (PPB) supplementation. Thirty‐eight untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n = 13, 21.8 ± 2.5 years, 171.2 ± 5.5 cm, 71.2 ± 8.2 kg), placebo (PL; n = 15, 21.6 ± 2.5 years, 176.5 ± 4.9 cm, 84.0 ± 15.7 kg), or control (CON; n = 10, 23.3 ± 4.3 years, 173.7 ± 12.6 cm, 77.3 ± 16.3 kg). Blood samples were obtained pre (PRE), immediately (IP), 1 h (1H), 5 h (5H), 24 h (24H), 48 h (48H), and 96 h (96H) postresistance exercise (PPB/PL) or rest (CON). Fine‐needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at PRE, 1H, 5H, and 48H. Plasma concentrations and intramuscular content of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), granulocyte (G‐CSF), and granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were analyzed via multiplex assays. Changes in relative number of circulating granulocytes and adhesion receptor (CD11b) were assessed using flow cytometry. Intramuscular IL‐8 was significantly elevated at 1H, 5H, and 48H (P < 0.001). Area under the curve analysis indicated a greater intramuscular IL‐8 content in PL than PPB (P = 0.011). Across groups, circulating G‐CSF was elevated from PRE at IP (P < 0.001), 1H (P = 0.011), and 5H (P = 0.025), while GM‐CSF was elevated at IP (P < 0.001) and 1H (P = 0.007). Relative number of granulocytes was elevated at 1H (P < 0.001), 5H (P < 0.001), and 24H (P = 0.005, P = 0.006) in PPB and PL, respectively. Across groups, granulocyte CD11b expression was upregulated from PRE to IP (P < 0.001) and 1H (P = 0.015). Results indicated an increase in circulating CD11b on granulocytes, and IL‐8 within the muscle following intense resistance exercise. Polyphenol supplementation may attenuate the IL‐8 response, however, did not affect granulocyte percentage and adhesion molecule expression in peripheral blood following resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Jajtner
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jeremy R Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kyle S Beyer
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alyssa N Varanoske
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - David D Church
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Leonardo P Oliveira
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center (PERC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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37
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Effect of Green Tea Extract on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Obese Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.55438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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38
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Taghizadeh M, Farzin N, Taheri S, Mahlouji M, Akbari H, Karamali F, Asemi Z. The Effect of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea, Capsaicin and Ginger Extracts on Weight Loss and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2017; 70:277-285. [PMID: 28595182 DOI: 10.1159/000471889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplements containing green tea, capsaicin and ginger extracts on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight women. METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was implemented among 50 overweight women. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A received dietary supplements containing 125 mg green tea, 25 mg capsaicin and 50 mg ginger extracts (n = 25) group B received placebos (n = 25) twice with lunch and twice with dinner daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS Compared with placebo, taking dietary supplements containing green tea, capsaicin and ginger resulted in a significant decrease in weight (-1.8 ± 1.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.2 kg, respectively, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI; -0.7 ± 0.5 vs. +0.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, subjects who received green tea, capsaicin and ginger co-supplements had significantly decreased serum insulin concentrations (-2.6 ± 3.9 vs. -0.6 ± 2.0 µIU/mL, p = 0.02), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.5 ± 0.8 vs. -0.05 ± 0.6, p = 0.01), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01 vs. +0.001 ± 0.01, p = 0.008) and plasma glutathione (GSH) levels (+73.8 ± 120.6 vs. -28.3 ± 193.4 µmol/L, p = 0.03) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that taking green tea, capsaicin and ginger co-supplements for 8 weeks among overweight women had beneficial effects on weight, BMI, markers of insulin metabolism and plasma GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Peluso I, Serafini M. Antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1195-1208. [PMID: 27747873 PMCID: PMC5429329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been correlated with a low incidence of chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, in which oxidative stress plays a critical role. Tea catechins and theaflavins are, respectively, the bioactive phytochemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT). In addition to their redox properties, tea catechins and theaflavins could have also pharmacological activities, such as the ability to lower glucose, lipid and uric acid (UA) levels. These activities are mediated by pharmacological mechanisms such as enzymatic inhibition and interaction with transporters. Epigallocatechin gallate is the most active compound at inhibiting the enzymes involved in cholesterol and UA metabolism (hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and xanthine oxidase respectively) and affecting glucose transporters. The structural features of catechins that significantly contribute to their pharmacological effect are the presence/absence of the galloyl moiety and the number and positions of the hydroxyl groups on the rings. Although the inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, maltase, amylase and lipase, multidrug resistance 1, organic anion transporters and proton-coupled folate transport occur at higher concentrations than those apparent in the circulation, these effects could be relevant in the gut. In conclusion, despite the urgent need for further research in humans, the regular consumption of moderate quantities of GT and BT can effectively modulate their antioxidant capacity, mainly in people subjected to oxidative stress, and could improve the metabolism of glucose, lipid and UA. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and NutritionCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and NutritionCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
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Seo JY, Kim SK, Nguyen PH, Lee JY, Tung PHT, Sung SH, Oh WK. Chemical constituents from a Gynostemma laxum and their antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Chin Med 2017; 12:15. [PMID: 28546827 PMCID: PMC5442659 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A few bioactivities of constituents from Gynostemma laxum, which has been collected in Vietnam, have been
reported until now. There is no report about the effects of constituents from G. laxum although the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant defense system is involved in neuroprotection in the brain. Therefore, we investigated whether quercetin (2), benzoic acid (10) and their analogues (1, 3–9 and 11) from G. laxum have the antioxidant and neuroprotective activities and also their underlying mechanism. Methods To examine their neuroprotective and antioxidant activities, oxytosis, total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC), 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFDA), dihydroethidium (DHE), antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter gene assays, Western blot analysis, real time-PCR, immunocytochemistry and in silico 3D molecular docking simulation were performed. Results The study of constituents using chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic analysis showed that G. laxum contained an abundance of quercetin (2), benzoic acid (10) and their analogues (1, 3–9 and 11). Our data demonstrated that quercetin (2) and its analogue (4) among the constituents from G. laxum showed the strongest neuroprotective effect against oxytosis triggered by the excessive amount of glutamate. Compounds 2, 4, 6 and 11 exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory and ARE transcriptional activities in immortalized hippocampal HT22 cell line. Among them, compound 4, a second active compound, induced Nrf2/HO-1 activation. They were also fit stable onto the Tramtrack and Bric-à-Brac (BTB) domain of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a known Nrf2 inhibitor protein, based on the results of docking and interaction energies. Overall, these data suggest that –OH and –OCH3 groups of quercetin and its analogues are responsible for their neuroprotective effect. Conclusions In summary, the major constituents of G. laxum had strong antioxidant and neuroprotective activities so that they could consider as a natural antioxidant supplement. Furthermore, G. laxum might be used beneficially in reducing oxidative complications with the further deep investigation in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-017-0136-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Phi Hung Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yong Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ha Thanh Tung
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Peluso I, Teichner A, Manafikhi H, Palmery M. Camellia sinensis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A meta-analysis of tea or tea extract effects on uric acid levels. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:391-398. [PMID: 25849609 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.889653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavanols of Camellia sinensis exhibit uric acid (UA) lowering effect, through the modulation of both xanthine oxidase and urate excretion. In order to investigate the potential benefit of Camellia Sinenis products in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a meta-analysis of long-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) with tea or tea extract has been conducted. From 20 human intervention studies selected only 5 RCT (13 interventions) were suitable for meta-analysis (n = 472). The current "normal" range set for hyperuricemia fails to identify patients with potential metabolic disorders. Therefore on the basis of the literature data, we fixed cut-off limits for UA baseline levels of 4.5 mg/dl for women, 6.1 mg/dl for men, and 5.5 mg/dl for studies involving mixed populations. Statistically significant effects were not found, but subgroup analysis revealed that the Pooled Estimate effect was different in subjects with baseline levels under [MD (95% CI): 0.1078 (-0.0528 to 0.2684)] and over the cut-off [MD (95% CI): -0.0239 (0.3311 to 0.2833)]. However, due to the low number of RCT and to the lack of data on bioavailability, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusion and more studies are needed to establish if tea flavanols could be useful in asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessia Teichner
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Husseen Manafikhi
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Peluso I, Palmery M, Vitalone A. Green Tea and Bone Marrow Transplantation: From Antioxidant Activity to Enzymatic and Multidrug-resistance Modulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2251-60. [PMID: 26047551 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.826175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main flavonoid of green tea (GT), could play an active role in the prevention of oxidative-stress-related diseases, such as hematologic malignancies. Some effects of EGCG are not imputable to antioxidant activity, but involve modulation of antioxidant enzymes and uric acid (UA) levels. The latter is the major factor responsible of the plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC). However, hyperuricemia is a frequent clinical feature caused by tumor lysis syndrome or cyclosporine side effects, both before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Besides this, food-drug interactions could be associated with GT consumption and could have clinical implications. The molecular mechanisms involved in the redox and drug metabolizing/transporting pathways were discussed, with particular reference to the potential role of GT and EGCG in BMT. Moreover, on reviewing data on NEAC, isoprostanes, uric acid, and various enzymes from human studies on GT, its extract, or EGCG, an increase in NEAC, without effect on isoprostanes, and contrasting results on UA and enzymes were observed. Currently, few and contrasting available evidences suggest caution for GT consumption in BMT patients and more studies are needed to better understand the potential impact of EGCG on oxidative stress and metabolizing/transporting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Annabella Vitalone
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Yates AA, Erdman JW, Shao A, Dolan LC, Griffiths JC. Bioactive nutrients - Time for tolerable upper intake levels to address safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 84:94-101. [PMID: 28110066 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest by consumers, researchers, and regulators into the roles that certain bioactive compounds, derived from plants and other natural sources, can play in health maintenance and promotion, and even prolonging a productive quality of life. Research has rapidly emerged suggesting that a wide range of compounds and mixtures in and from plants (such as fruits and vegetables, tea and cocoa) and animals (such as fish and probiotics) may exert substantial health benefits. There is interest in exploring the possibility of establishing recommended intakes or dietary guidance for certain bioactive substances to help educate consumers. A key aspect of establishing dietary guidance is the assessment of safety/toxicity of these substances. Toxicologists need to be involved in both the development of the safety framework and in the evaluation of the science to establish maximum intake/upper limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Yates
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Johnson City, TN 37615, United States.
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Andrew Shao
- Global Nutrition Policy, Herbalife Nutrition, Los Angeles, CA 90015, United States.
| | | | - James C Griffiths
- Science & International Affairs, Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC 20036, United States.
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Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Kafeshani M, Karimian J, Maracy MR, Entezari MH. The Effect of Green Tea and Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage in Athletes. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:346-357. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1237400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Green tea consumption is associated with reduced incident CHD and improved CHD-related biomarkers in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24353. [PMID: 27072746 PMCID: PMC4829846 DOI: 10.1038/srep24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective studies on the association of green tea with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence were scarce. This study examined whether green tea can reduce CHD incidence and have a beneficial effect on CHD-related risk markers in middle-aged and older Chinese population. We included 19 471 participants who were free of CHD, stroke or cancer at baseline from September 2008 to June 2010, and were followed until October 2013. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the hazard ratios (HR) of CHD incidence in relation to green tea consumption. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the effect of green tea on 5-year changes of CHD-related biomarkers. Compared with non-green tea consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HR for CHD was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81-0.98) in green tea consumers. Particularly, the reduced risk of CHD incidence with green tea consumption was more evident among participants who were male, more than 60 years old, overweight, or with diabetes mellitus. In addition, green tea consumption improved multiple CHD-related risk markers including total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, mean platelet volume, and uric acid. In conclusion, green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of CHD incidence in the middle-aged and older Chinese populations, and the association might be partly due to altered CHD-related biomarkers.
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Herrlinger KA, Chirouzes DM, Ceddia MA. Supplementation with a polyphenolic blend improves post-exercise strength recovery and muscle soreness. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:30034. [PMID: 26689317 PMCID: PMC4685974 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise can initiate a cascade of inflammatory and oxidative stress–related events leading to delayed onset muscle soreness. Polyphenols possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective The current study examined the effects of a proprietary polyphenolic blend (PB), containing catechins and theaflavins, on exercise performance and recovery following an eccentric exercise challenge. Design Male participants (18–35 years of age) received placebo or PB at a low dose (PB-L, 1,000 mg/d) or high dose (PB-H, 2,000 mg/d) for 13 weeks. During the 13th week of supplementation, participants completed an eccentric exercise (40 min downhill treadmill run) followed by a strength assessment (peak torque on isokinetic leg extensions) pre-exercise, and 24, 48, and 96 h post-exercise. Muscle soreness (subjective questionnaire), markers of muscle stress (cortisol and creatine phosphokinase [CK]), and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]) were also assessed. Results PB-H attenuated the decrease in peak torque observed in the placebo group from pre-exercise to 48 h (p=0.012) and 96 h (p=0.003) post-exercise. At 48 h post-exercise, PB-H reduced whole body and hamstring soreness (p=0.029) versus placebo. Chronic consumption of PB improved serum FRAP (p=0.039). As expected, serum cortisol and CK increased from pre- to post-exercise in all groups; however, by 96 h, cortisol and CK levels returned to pre-exercise levels following PB supplementation. At 96 h, the change in cortisol from pre- to post-exercise was significantly greater in placebo versus PB-H (p=0.039). Conclusion These findings show that chronic consumption of PB improved antioxidant status, reduced markers of muscle stress, and promoted strength recovery post-exercise.
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Surface molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of (–)-epigallocatechin gallate from toothpaste. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cazarin CBB, da Silva JK, Colomeu TC, Batista ÂG, Meletti LMM, Paschoal JAR, Bogusz Junior S, Braga PADC, Reyes FGR, Augusto F, de Meirelles LR, Zollner RDL, Maróstica Júnior MR. Intake of Passiflora edulis leaf extract improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Carvalho-Peixoto J, Moura MRL, Cunha FA, Lollo PCB, Monteiro WD, Carvalho LMJD, Farinatti PDTV. Consumption of açai (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) functional beverage reduces muscle stress and improves effort tolerance in elite athletes: a randomized controlled intervention study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:725-33. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study analyzed the effect of an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) functional beverage (AB) on muscle and oxidative stress markers, cardiorespiratory responses, perceived exertion, and time-to-exhaustion during maximal treadmill running. The beverage was developed as an ergogenic aid for athletes and contained 27.6 mg of anthocyanins per dose. Fourteen athletes performed 3 exercise tests: a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test and 2 maximal exercise bouts performed in 2 conditions (AB and without AB (control)) at 90% maximal oxygen uptake.Blood was collected at baseline and after maximal exercise in both conditions to determine biomarkers. AB increased time to exhaustion during short-term high-intensity exercise (mean difference: 69 s, 95% confidence interval = –296 s to 159 s, t = 2.2, p = 0.045), attenuating the metabolic stress induced by exercise (p < 0.05). AB also reduced perceived exertion and enhanced cardiorespiratory responses (p < 0.05). The AB may be a useful and practical ergogenic aid to enhance performance during high-intensity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Carvalho-Peixoto
- Department of Food and Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, School of Pharmacy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nutrition Graduate Program, Castelo Branco University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Miguel Couto Hospital and Pedro Ernesto Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mirian Ribeiro Leite Moura
- Department of Food and Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, School of Pharmacy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Amorim Cunha
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program – Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM). Rio de Janeiro. Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Walace David Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria Jaeger de Carvalho
- Department of Food and Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, School of Pharmacy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Veras Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences University Federal of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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