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Norouzi M, Mahboobi S, Eftekhari MH, Salehipour M, Ghaem H, Mirzakhanlouei A, Mohsenpour MA. Effects of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:207-214. [PMID: 38105612 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2295578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increases with age. Considering that BPH drug treatment is associated with complications, this study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (LC) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation as an adjunct therapy to finasteride in the management of LUTS in older men affected with BPH. Fifty eligible volunteers (25 per group) were randomly assigned to either intervention (finasteride + LC and CoQ10 supplements) or control (finasteride + placebo) groups. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), international index of erectile function (IIEF), quality of life index (QoL), as well as serum levels of Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), were assessed. Prostate ultrasound evaluation was also performed, before and after 8 wk of intervention. Supplementation with LC and CoQ10 led to a significant decrease in prostate volume (p < 0.001) as well as a significant increase in IIEF (p < 0.001), compared to the control group. However, there were no significant between-group differences in IPSS (p = 0.503), QoL scores (p = 0.339), and PSA levels (p = 0.482). CoQ10 and LC supplements might be beneficial in combination with standard therapies in the management of BPH and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Norouzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mahboobi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehipour
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mirzakhanlouei
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Uthailak N, Adisakwattana P, Chienwichai P, Tipthara P, Tarning J, Thawornkuno C, Thiangtrongjit T, Reamtong O. Metabolite profiling of Trichinella spiralis adult worms and muscle larvae identifies their excretory and secretory products. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1306567. [PMID: 38145042 PMCID: PMC10749202 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1306567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trichinellosis is a parasitic infection caused by roundworms belonging to the genus Trichinella, especially Trichinella spiralis. Early and accurate clinical diagnoses of trichinellosis are required for efficacious prognosis and treatment. Current drug therapies are limited by antiparasitic resistance, poor absorption, and an inability to kill the encapsulating muscle-stage larvae. Therefore, reliable biomarkers and drug targets for novel diagnostic approaches and anthelmintic drugs are required. In this study, metabolite profiles of T. spiralis adult worms and muscle larvae were obtained using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In addition, metabolite-based biomarkers of T. spiralis excretory-secretory products and their related metabolic pathways were characterized. The metabolic profiling identified major, related metabolic pathways involving adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent synthetase/ligase and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in T. spiralis adult worms and muscle larvae, respectively. These pathways are potential drug targets for the treatment of the intestinal and muscular phases of infection. The metabolome of larva excretory-secretory products was characterized, with amino acid permease and carbohydrate kinase being identified as key metabolic pathways. Among six metabolites, decanoyl-l-carnitine and 2,3-dinor-6-keto prostaglandin F1α-d9 were identified as potential metabolite-based biomarkers that might be related to the host inflammatory processes. In summary, this study compared the relationships between the metabolic profiles of two T. spiralis growth stages. Importantly, the main metabolites and metabolic pathways identified may aid the development of novel clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for human trichinellosis and other related helminthic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphatsamon Uthailak
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerut Chienwichai
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phornpimon Tipthara
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charin Thawornkuno
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Radwan SM, Abdel-Latif GA, Abbas SS, Elmongy NF, Wasfey EF. The beneficial effects of l-carnitine and infliximab in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: Emphasis on Notch1/Hes-1 signaling. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300312. [PMID: 37625018 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity is a serious adverse effect that may limit its use. Therefore, eligible drugs to ameliorate MTX-induced hepatotoxicity are required. l-Carnitine (LC) is a natural molecule with beneficial metabolic effects and infliximab (INF) is an anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Recently, Notch1/Hes-1 signaling was found to play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, its role in MTX-induced hepatotoxicity is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of LC or INF on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and to explore the underlying mechanism with emphasis on the Notch1/Hes-1 signaling pathway. Sixty rats were randomized into six groups (n = 10): (1) control (saline); (2) MTX (20 mg/kg MTX, intraperitoneal [ip], once); (3) LC group (500 mg/kg ip, 5 days); (4) INF (7 mg/kg INF ip, once); (5) MTX+LC (20 mg/kg ip, once, 500 mg/kg ip, 5 days, respectively); (6) MTX+INF (20 mg/kg ip, once, 7 mg/kg INF ip, once, respectively). Oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and Notch1/Hes-1 were investigated. MTX induced the expression of Notch1 and Hes-1 proteins and increased the levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the liver. Cotreatment with LC or INF showed apparent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Interestingly, the downregulation of Notch1 and Hes-1 expression was more prominent in LC cotreatment as compared with INF. In conclusion, LC or INF attenuates MTX-induced hepatotoxicity through modulation of Notch1/Hes-1 signaling. The LC ameliorative effect against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity is significantly better than that of INF. Therefore, LC cotreatment may present a safe and therapeutically effective therapy in alleviating MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
- Translational and Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
- Translational and Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eman F Wasfey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rastgoo S, Fateh ST, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Rasaei N, Aali Y, Zamani M, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2173-2199. [PMID: 37656233 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
L-carnitine supplementation may be beneficial in improving inflammatory conditions and reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, according to the finding of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammation in adults. To obtain acceptable articles up to October 2022, a thorough search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD). We included the 48 RCTs (n = 3255) with 51 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p = 0.002), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p = 0.029), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (AST) (p < 0.001) in intervention, compared to the placebo group. Subgroup analyses showed that L-carnitine supplementation had a lowering effect on CRP and TNF-α in trial duration ≥ 12 weeks in type 2 diabetes and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. L-carnitine supplementation reduced ALT levels in overweight and normal BMI subjects at any trial dose and trial duration ≥ 12 weeks and reduced AST levels in overweight subjects and trial dose ≥ 2 g/day. This meta-analysis revealed that L-carnitine supplementation effectively reduces the inflammatory state by increasing the level of TAC and decreasing the levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Figueiredo CS, Roseira ES, Viana TT, Silveira MAD, de Melo RMV, Fernandez MG, Lemos LMG, Passos LCS. Inflammation in Coronary Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1242. [PMID: 37765050 PMCID: PMC10534546 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven immune-inflammatory disease that affects the arteries, leading to multifocal plaque development. The inflammatory process involves the activation of immune cells and various inflammatory pathways. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to be effective in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals with coronary disease. However, their use is still limited due to concerns about long-term follow-up, cost-effectiveness, adverse effects, and the identification of the ideal patient profile to obtain maximum benefits. This review aims to improve the understanding of inflammation in coronary atherosclerosis and explore potential therapeutic interventions, encompassing both traditional and non-traditional anti-inflammatory approaches. By addressing these concepts, we seek to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about this type of treatment for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Salles Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (Graduate Program in Medicine and Health), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil (L.C.S.P.)
- Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador 40301-155, BA, Brazil; (E.S.R.)
| | | | - Tainá Teixeira Viana
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (Graduate Program in Medicine and Health), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil (L.C.S.P.)
- Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador 40301-155, BA, Brazil; (E.S.R.)
| | - Marcelo Augusto Duarte Silveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (Graduate Program in Medicine and Health), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil (L.C.S.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Morel Vieira de Melo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (Graduate Program in Medicine and Health), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil (L.C.S.P.)
- Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador 40301-155, BA, Brazil; (E.S.R.)
| | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Santana Passos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (Graduate Program in Medicine and Health), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil (L.C.S.P.)
- Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador 40301-155, BA, Brazil; (E.S.R.)
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6
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Dong TS, Gee GC, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang M, Osadchiy V, Kilpatrick LA, Chen Z, Subramanyam V, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Labus JS, Naliboff B, Cole S, Zhang X, Mayer EA, Gupta A. How Discrimination Gets Under the Skin: Biological Determinants of Discrimination Associated With Dysregulation of the Brain-Gut Microbiome System and Psychological Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:203-214. [PMID: 36754687 PMCID: PMC10684253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes as mediated in part by chronic stress, but a full understanding of the biological pathways is lacking. Here we investigate the effects of discrimination involved in dysregulating the brain-gut microbiome (BGM) system. METHODS A total of 154 participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to measure functional connectivity. Fecal samples were obtained for 16S ribosomal RNA profiling and fecal metabolites and serum for inflammatory markers, along with questionnaires. The Everyday Discrimination Scale was administered to measure chronic and routine experiences of unfair treatment. A sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis was conducted to predict BGM alterations as a function of discrimination, controlling for sex, age, body mass index, and diet. Associations between discrimination-related BGM alterations and psychological variables were assessed using a tripartite analysis. RESULTS Discrimination was associated with anxiety, depression, and visceral sensitivity. Discrimination was associated with alterations of brain networks related to emotion, cognition and self-perception, and structural and functional changes in the gut microbiome. BGM discrimination-related associations varied by race/ethnicity. Among Black and Hispanic individuals, discrimination led to brain network changes consistent with psychological coping and increased systemic inflammation. For White individuals, discrimination was related to anxiety but not inflammation, while for Asian individuals, the patterns suggest possible somatization and behavioral (e.g., dietary) responses to discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination is attributed to changes in the BGM system more skewed toward inflammation, threat response, emotional arousal, and psychological symptoms. By integrating diverse lines of research, our results demonstrate evidence that may explain how discrimination contributes to health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Gilbert C Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiram Beltran-Sanchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - May Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa A Kilpatrick
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zixi Chen
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vishvak Subramanyam
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yinming Guo
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Naliboff
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steve Cole
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Badaro R, Barbosa JDV, de Araujo Neto CA, Machado BAS, Soares MBP, de Senna V, Taddeo M, de Araújo LT, Durkee S, Donninger R, Judge K, Saiyed Z. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of L-carnitine L-tartrate to modulate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1134162. [PMID: 37545576 PMCID: PMC10400325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1134162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction L-carnitine (LC) has been associated with inflammatory mediator reduction and with downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the target of SARS-CoV-2 attachment. Methods This pilot phase 2 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial contained two cohorts. Cohort 1 comprised 101 individuals with negative RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results who cohabitated with an individual diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cohort 2 comprised 122 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results who were asymptomatic or had mild COVID-19 pneumonia symptoms. Participants in each cohort were randomized 1:1 to receive either 2 g elemental oral LC supplementation or placebo daily for 21 days. Primary endpoints included adverse events, SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in Cohort 1, and disease progressions in Cohort 2. Secondary endpoints included between-group laboratory profile comparisons and Cohort 2 ACE1/ACE2 plasma levels. Disease progression was compared between the Cohort 2 groups using chest computed tomography. Results In Cohort 1, two SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in each group. The common adverse events included headache, dyspnea, and tiredness. In Cohort 2, platelet counts were elevated, and fibrinogen levels reduced in the LC group compared with those of the placebo group. Conclusion Our study showed that LC was well-tolerated and suggests it modulates coagulation pathways. Furthermore, chest computed tomography images of the Cohort 2 LC group showed significant lung lesion improvement, suggesting that LC may slow COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Badaro
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Augusto de Araujo Neto
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Image Diagnosis, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valter de Senna
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Taddeo
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lila Teixeira de Araújo
- Institute of Health Technologies (ITS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Shane Durkee
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood, LLC, Greenwood, SC, United States
| | | | - Kevin Judge
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood, LLC, Greenwood, SC, United States
| | - Zainulabedin Saiyed
- Research and Development, Lonza Greenwood, LLC, Greenwood, SC, United States
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8
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Ebrahimi M, Ahangar N, Zamani E, Shaki F. L-Carnitine Prevents Behavioural Alterations in Ketamine-Induced Schizophrenia in Mice: Possible Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:9093231. [PMID: 37363159 PMCID: PMC10289879 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9093231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental complaint known as cognitive impairment. There has been evidence that inflammation and oxidative stress play a main role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of l-carnitine, as a potent antioxidant, on the treatment of behavioural and biochemical disturbances in mice with ketamine-induced schizophrenia. In this study, schizophrenia was induced in mice by ketamine (25 mg/kg/day, i.p). Before induction of schizophrenia, mice were treated with l-carnitine (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, i.p). Then, behavioural impairments were evaluated by open field (OF) assessment and social interaction test (SIT). After brain tissue isolation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione concentration (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl oxidation, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were assessed as oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in brain tissue. Our results showed ketamine increased inflammation and oxidative damage in brain tissue that was similar to behaviour disorders in mice. Interestingly, l-carnitine significantly decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers compared with ketamine-treated mice. In addition, l-carnitine prevented and reversed ketamine-induced alterations in the activities of SOD and GPx enzymes in mice's brains. Also, improved performance in OFT (locomotor activity test) and SIT was observed in l-carnitine-treated mice. These data provided evidence that, due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of l-carnitine, it has a neuroprotective effect on mice model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrasa Ebrahimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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9
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Arabi SM, Hadi S, Gholambareshi P, Bahrami LS, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Sahebkar A, Hadi V. The effect of l-carnitine supplementation on mortality and clinical outcomes in ventilator-dependent critically ill patients with obesity and COVID-19: Protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 32:101082. [PMID: 36742110 PMCID: PMC9886566 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still remains a pandemic accounting for at least 15% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Recently, it has been observed that l-carnitine levels, which play an important role in fatty acid metabolism, have an inverse association with the severity of COVID-19 and its complications, hence a potential role for supplementing with this nutraceutical has been suggested. The current protocol describes a trial aiming to an evaluation of the effect of l-carnitine intervention on mortality and clinical outcomes in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19. Methods This parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind clinical trial involves 50 participants and will be performed at the ICU of Artesh (AJA) Hospital, Mashhad, IRAN. Eligible participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) the intervention group will receive 1000 mg l-carnitine capsules 3 times a day, and 2) the placebo group will receive 1000 mg placebo capsules 3 times a day. Assessments will be performed at baseline, 7 and 28 days after study initiation. The primary outcome includes changes in serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes include the length of stay in the ICU, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Conclusion Based on previous evidence, l-carnitine may reduce inflammation and oxidation stress and improve respiratory function. However, the effects of l-carnitine on ventilator-dependent COVID-19 critically ill patients have not been assessed yet, justifying the necessity to conduct a clinical study in this field. c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Gholambareshi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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11
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Nachvak SM, Shabanpur M, Mostafai R, Heidari Moghaddam R, Moludi J. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:61-68. [PMID: 32816578 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1797102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE l-Carnitine has been suggested as a potential nutrient that alleviates the oxidative and inflammatory damages of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results of the previous studies of the importance of this supplementation remains unclear. This study attempts to evaluate the effects of l-carnitine (LC) supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CAD. METHODS A double-blind, randomised, placebo-trial was conducted on 75 CAD subjects. Patients were randomly assigned to receive LC (1000 mg/day) or placebo capsules over 3 months. Sera high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine (NT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed. RESULTS A significant increase in serum TAC and a significant decrease in MPO, NT, and hs-CRP levels were detected following 12 weeks of LC supplementation, compared to the placebo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LC supplementation may exert beneficial effect on cardiovascular health through attenuate oxidative and inflammatory markers in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabanpur
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mostafai
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari Moghaddam
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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Yahyapoor F, Keshani M, Sedaghat A, Feizi A, Clark CCT, Bagherniya M, Safarian M, Badpeyma M, Norouzy A. The effects of adjunctive treatment with L-carnitine on monitoring laboratory variables in ICU patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:3. [PMID: 36597167 PMCID: PMC9808964 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-07010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients must be monitored constantly in intensive care units (ICUs). Among many laboratory variables, nutritional status indicators are a key role in the prognosis of diseases. We investigated the effects of L-carnitine adjunctive therapy on monitoring variables in critical illness. METHOD A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was implemented in a medical ICU. Participants were 54 patients, aged > 18 years, with multiple conditions, randomly assigned to receive 3 g L-carnitine per day or placebo, along with enteral feeding, for 1 week. Primary outcomes included monitoring variables related to nutritional status. RESULT Of 54 patients randomly assigned, 51 completed the trial. Serum albumin (Alb) (P-value: 0.001), total protein (P-value: 0.003), and calcium (Ca) (0.044) significantly increased in the intervention vs. control group. Alanine transaminase (ALT) (0.022), lactate (<0.001), creatinine (Cr) (0.005), and international normalized ratio (INR) (0.049) decreased meaningfully in the intervention vs. control group. CONCLUSION L-Carnitine supplementation in critically ill patients can improve several parameters including INR, Cr, ALT, lactate, Ca, Alb, and total protein. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT 20151108024938N2. This trial was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (registration code: IR.MUMS.fm.REC.1396.671) (available at https://en.irct.ir/trial/30748 , May 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farveh Yahyapoor
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Keshani
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XFood Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XBiostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XFood Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XAnesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Badpeyma
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Malaguarnera G, Catania VE, Bertino G, Chisari LM, Castorina M, Bonfiglio C, Cauli O, Malaguarnera M. Acetyl-L-carnitine Slows the Progression from Prefrailty to Frailty in Older Subjects: A Randomized Interventional Clinical Trial. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3158-3166. [PMID: 36043711 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220830092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body function, representing the clinical situation called "frailty". Prefrailty is the intermediate stage between frailty and robust condition. L-carnitine (LC) plays an important role in energy production from long-chain fatty acids in mitochondria, and its serum level is lower in prefrail and frail subjects. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in pre-frail older patients. METHODS We scheduled 3 months of treatment and then 3 months of follow-up. A total of 92 subjects were selected from May, 2009 to July, 2017, in a randomized, observational, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. We scheduled 3 months of treatment and then 3 months of follow-up. ALCAR (oral 1.5 g/bis in die - BID) or placebo groups were used. RESULTS After the treatment, only the treated group displayed a decrease in C reactive protein (CRP) p < 0.001 and an increase in serum-free carnitine and acetylcarnitine (p < 0.05) in Mini-Mental state (MMSE) p < 0.0001 and 6-walking distance (p < 0.0001); ALCAR group vs. placebo group showed a decrease in HDL cholesterol and CRP (p < 0.01), an increase in MMSE score (p < 0.001) and in the 6-walking distance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ALCAR treatment delays the incidence and severity of onset of degenerative disorders of the elderly in prefrail subjects with improvement in memory and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico- San Marco, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Maria Chisari
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, c/Jaume Roig s/n, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Palacios-González B, León-Reyes G, Rivera-Paredez B, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Flores YN, Canizales-Quinteros S, Salmerón J, Velázquez-Cruz R. Targeted Metabolomics Revealed a Sex-Dependent Signature for Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183678. [PMID: 36145054 PMCID: PMC9504093 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of several metabolic conditions predisposing to chronic diseases. Individuals diagnosed with MetS are physiologically heterogeneous, with significant sex-specific differences. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential sex-specific serum modifications of amino acids and acylcarnitines (ACs) and their relationship with MetS in the Mexican population. This study included 602 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Forty serum metabolites were analyzed using a targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate regression models were used to test associations of clinical and biochemical parameters with metabolomic profiles. Our findings showed a serum amino acid signature (citrulline and glycine) and medium-chain ACs (AC14:1, AC10, and AC18:10H) associated with MetS. Glycine and AC10 were specific metabolites representative of discrimination according to sex-dependent MetS. In addition, we found that glycine and short-chain ACs (AC2, AC3, and AC8:1) are associated with age-dependent MetS. We also reported a significant correlation between body fat and metabolites associated with sex-age-dependent MetS. In conclusion, the metabolic profile varies by MetS status, and these differences are sex-age-dependent in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, National Pediatrics Institute (INP), Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Yvonne N. Flores
- Epidemiological and Health Services Research Unit, Morelos Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico
- Department of Health Policy and Management and UCLA-Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unit of Genomics of Population Applied to Health, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +52-(55)-5350-1900
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15
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Clinical Evidence of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Efficacy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Clinical Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2493053. [PMID: 35936217 PMCID: PMC9355767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2493053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of oral Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods. Sixty-nine cases with acute ischemic stroke with the onset of symptoms less than 24 hours not candidates for reperfusion therapy were randomly assigned to either the ALC group (1000 mg three times per day for three consecutive days) or the matching placebo group. The study outcomes based on intention-to-treat criteria included the change in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score from baseline to day 90, as well as the change in serum levels of the inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers over the 3-day treatment protocol. Results. The NIHSS score and mRS score on day 90 were improved by 5.82 and 0.94 scores, respectively, in the ALC-treated group compared to 2.83 and 0.11 scores, respectively, in the placebo-treated group, which demonstrated the superiority of ALC relative to placebo. By using the multivariable analysis after adjusting for other variables in the model, compared to the group treated with placebo, patients in the ALC group had lower NIHSS score (
: -2.40, 95% CI: -0.69, -4.10 (
)) and mRS score (
: -1.18, 95% CI: -0.52, -1.84 (
)) 90 days after the intervention. The percentage of patients with a favourable functional outcome at day 90, defined as mRS scores of 0 or 1, was significantly higher in the ALC group in comparison to the placebo group (52.9% versus 28.6%). Further, over the 3-day treatment protocol, in the patients receiving ALC, the serum levels of proinflammatory biomarkers, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), showed a significant decrease, while the serum levels of antioxidant biomarkers, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the total L-carnitine’s level showed a significant increase compared to those in patients receiving placebo indicating significant alteration. Conclusions. Although preliminary, these results suggested that ALC administration during the acute phase of ischemic stroke might be helpful in improving functional and neurological outcomes that are probably linked to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with IRCT20150629022965N17 at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration date: 25/07/2018).
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16
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Berger MM, Shenkin A, Schweinlin A, Amrein K, Augsburger M, Biesalski HK, Bischoff SC, Casaer MP, Gundogan K, Lepp HL, de Man AME, Muscogiuri G, Pietka M, Pironi L, Rezzi S, Cuerda C. ESPEN micronutrient guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1357-1424. [PMID: 35365361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in common pathologies, with significant deficiencies impacting the outcome. OBJECTIVE This guideline aims to provide information for daily clinical nutrition practice regarding assessment of MN status, monitoring, and prescription. It proposes a consensus terminology, since many words are used imprecisely, resulting in confusion. This is particularly true for the words "deficiency", "repletion", "complement", and "supplement". METHODS The expert group attempted to apply the 2015 standard operating procedures (SOP) for ESPEN which focuses on disease. However, this approach could not be applied due to the multiple diseases requiring clinical nutrition resulting in one text for each MN, rather than for diseases. An extensive search of the literature was conducted in the databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. The search focused on physiological data, historical evidence (published before PubMed release in 1996), and observational and/or randomized trials. For each MN, the main functions, optimal analytical methods, impact of inflammation, potential toxicity, and provision during enteral or parenteral nutrition were addressed. The SOP wording was applied for strength of recommendations. RESULTS There was a limited number of interventional trials, preventing meta-analysis and leading to a low level of evidence. The recommendations underwent a consensus process, which resulted in a percentage of agreement (%): strong consensus required of >90% of votes. Altogether the guideline proposes sets of recommendations for 26 MNs, resulting in 170 single recommendations. Critical MNs were identified with deficiencies being present in numerous acute and chronic diseases. Monitoring and management strategies are proposed. CONCLUSION This guideline should enable addressing suboptimal and deficient status of a bundle of MNs in at-risk diseases. In particular, it offers practical advice on MN provision and monitoring during nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Berger
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alan Shenkin
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anna Schweinlin
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Karin Amrein
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Austria.
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael P Casaer
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Angélique M E de Man
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Research VUmc Intensive Care (REVIVE), Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science (ACS), Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam Medical Data Science (AMDS), Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università di Napoli (Federico II), Naples, Italy; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II, University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Pietka
- Pharmacy Department, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland.
| | - Loris Pironi
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure - Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Italy.
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Nutrition and Health Foundation (SNHf), Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Yahyapoor F, Sedaghat A, feizi A, Bagherniya M, Pahlavani N, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Safarian M, Islam MS, Zarifi SH, Arabi M, Norouzy A. The effects of L-Carnitine supplementation on inflammatory markers, clinical status, and 28 days mortality in critically ill patients: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Guedes GV, Minicucci MF, Tanni SE. The supplementation of L-carnitine in septic shock patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100124. [PMID: 36327640 PMCID: PMC9636543 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock are severe and difficult-to-treat conditions with high lethality. There is interest in identifying new adjunct therapies that are effective in reducing mortality. In this context, L-carnitine has been investigated in trials as a potentially beneficial drug. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the clinical evidence to support the use of L-carnitine in septic shock patients to reduce the risk of mortality. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine compared to placebo or Usual Care (UC) on the mortality rate in hospitalized adult septic shock patients. METHODS The authors exclusively included randomized clinical trials that compared the use of L-carnitine versus placebo in adult (> 18 years old) septic shock patients. The outcome was a mortality rate of 28 days. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42020180499. RESULTS Following the initial search, 4007 citations were identified, with 2701 remaining after duplicate removal. Eight citations were selected for body text reading, and two were selected for inclusion. The studies enrolled 275 patients, with 186 in the carnitine arm and 89 in the placebo arm. The effect of L-carnitine uses in septic shock patients showed a difference risk of -0.03 (95% Confidence Interval: -0.15-0.10, I2 = 77%, p = 0.69) compared to placebo/in mortality rate with low quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS There is low-quality evidence that the use of L-carnitine has no significant effect on reducing 28-day mortality in septic shock patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Voltani Guedes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Ferreira Minicucci
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzana Erico Tanni
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Wangchuk P, Anderson D, Yeshi K, Loukas A. Identification of Small Molecules of the Infective Stage of Human Hookworm Using LCMS-Based Metabolomics and Lipidomics Protocols. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3264-3276. [PMID: 34767348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hookworm infections affect millions of people worldwide and are responsible for impaired mental and physical growth in children, and anemias. There is no vaccine, and increasing anthelmintic drug resistance in nematodes of domestic animals, and reduced drug cure rates in nematode infections of humans is alarming. Despite this looming health problem, there is a significant knowledge gap in terms of nonproteinaceous "excretory/secretory products" (ESPs) and how they orchestrate a parasitic existence. In the current study, we have conducted the first metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the infective third-stage filariform larvae (L3) of the predominant human hookworm Necator americanus using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Altogether, we have identified a total of 645 small molecules that were mainly produced through amino acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Putatively, 495 metabolites were unique to the somatic tissue extract, and 34 metabolites were present only in the ESP component. More than 21 novel mass features with nitrogen and sulfur functional groups were detected in the ESP component for the first time from helminths. While this study could not establish the biological functions of the metabolites identified, literature searches revealed that these metabolites possess various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory activities. These metabolites are likely used by the parasite upon exposure to a host to facilitate skin penetration, passage through different tissues, and immune regulation in the small bowel. Overall, the results presented herein offer significant insight into the metabolome of N. americanus L3 and have the potential to instigate future work to establish biomarkers of infection. This area urgently needs attention, given the lack of sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
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20
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Wang M, Wang K, Liao X, Hu H, Chen L, Meng L, Gao W, Li Q. Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase System: A New Target for Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Therapy? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:760581. [PMID: 34764874 PMCID: PMC8576433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism involves multiple biological processes. As one of the most important lipid metabolic pathways, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and its key rate-limiting enzyme, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system, regulate host immune responses and thus are of great clinical significance. The effect of the CPT system on different tissues or organs is complex: the deficiency or over-activation of CPT disrupts the immune homeostasis by causing energy metabolism disorder and inflammatory oxidative damage and therefore contributes to the development of various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. Accordingly, agonists or antagonists targeting the CPT system may become novel approaches for the treatment of diseases. In this review, we first briefly describe the structure, distribution, and physiological action of the CPT system. We then summarize the pathophysiological role of the CPT system in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, acute lung injury, chronic granulomatous disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury, kidney fibrosis, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. We are also concerned with the current knowledge in either preclinical or clinical studies of various CPT activators/inhibitors for the management of diseases. These compounds range from traditional Chinese medicines to novel nanodevices. Although great efforts have been made in studying the different kinds of CPT agonists/antagonists, only a few pharmaceuticals have been applied for clinical uses. Nevertheless, research on CPT activation or inhibition highlights the pharmacological modulation of CPT-dependent FAO, especially on different CPT isoforms, as a promising anti-inflammatory/antitumor therapeutic strategy for numerous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangzhi Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Altay O, Arif M, Li X, Yang H, Aydın M, Alkurt G, Kim W, Akyol D, Zhang C, Dinler‐Doganay G, Turkez H, Shoaie S, Nielsen J, Borén J, Olmuscelik O, Doganay L, Uhlén M, Mardinoglu A. Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101222. [PMID: 34180141 PMCID: PMC8420376 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, including the deficiencies in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and glutathione metabolism. Here it is investigated if administration of a mixture of combined metabolic activators (CMAs) consisting of glutathione and NAD+ precursors can restore metabolic function and thus aid the recovery of COVID-19 patients. CMAs include l-serine, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, nicotinamide riboside, and l-carnitine tartrate, salt form of l-carnitine. Placebo-controlled, open-label phase 2 study and double-blinded phase 3 clinical trials are conducted to investigate the time of symptom-free recovery on ambulatory patients using CMAs. The results of both studies show that the time to complete recovery is significantly shorter in the CMA group (6.6 vs 9.3 d) in phase 2 and (5.7 vs 9.2 d) in phase 3 trials compared to placebo group. A comprehensive analysis of the plasma metabolome and proteome reveals major metabolic changes. Plasma levels of proteins and metabolites associated with inflammation and antioxidant metabolism are significantly improved in patients treated with CMAs as compared to placebo. The results show that treating patients infected with COVID-19 with CMAs lead to a more rapid symptom-free recovery, suggesting a role for such a therapeutic regime in the treatment of infections leading to respiratory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyDr Sami Ulus Training and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesAnkara06080Turkey
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
| | - Mehtap Aydın
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUmraniye Training and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbul34766Turkey
| | - Gizem Alkurt
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB)Umraniye Training and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbul34766Turkey
| | - Woonghee Kim
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
| | - Dogukan Akyol
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB)Umraniye Training and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbul34766Turkey
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation TechnologiesMinistry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001P. R. China
| | - Gizem Dinler‐Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbul34469Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical BiologyFaculty of MedicineAtatürk UniversityErzurum25240Turkey
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 1ULUK
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE‐41296Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital GothenburgGothenburgSE‐41345Sweden
| | - Oktay Olmuscelik
- Department of Internal MedicineIstanbul Medipol UniversityBagcılarIstanbul34214Turkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- Department of GastroenterologyUmraniye Training and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesIstanbul34766Turkey
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life LaboratoryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE‐100 44Sweden
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 1ULUK
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Mahmoud YK, Ali AA, Abdelrazek HMA, Aldayel TS, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Menyawy MAI. Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070682. [PMID: 34356537 PMCID: PMC8301478 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insecticides are widely used in agricultural and household environments. They induce wide range of deleterious effects. Fipronil is one of the most widely used phenylpyrazoles insecticides. The neurotoxic effect of such insecticide was tested in the present study with special emphasis on cognitive deficit as well as testing the possible ameliorative impacts of L-arginine and L-carnitine. The study proposed fipronil-induced cognitive deficit as a reflection to oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Moreover, L-arginine and L-carnitine exerted ameliorative influence on fipronil induced oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. Therefore, L-arginine and L-carnitine can be considered as prospective candidates for mitigation of pesticide induced neurotoxicity especially in people with high-risk exposure to pesticide. Abstract The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina K. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Ali
- Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. A. Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-012-23399477; Fax: +2-064-3207052
| | - Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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Protective Effect of Opuntia dillenii Haw Fruit against Lead Acetate-Induced Hepatotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6698345. [PMID: 34012476 PMCID: PMC8105112 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6698345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most common environmental contaminants in the Earth's crust, which induces a wide range of humans biochemical changes. Previous studies showed that Opuntia dillenii (OD) fruit possesses several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study evaluates OD fruit hydroalcoholic extract (OHAE) hepatoprotective effects against lead acetate- (Pb-) induced toxicity in both animal and cellular models. Male rats were grouped as follows: control, Pb (25 mg/kg/d i.p.), and groups 3 and 4 received OHAE at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d + Pb (25 mg/kg/d i.p.), for ten days of the experiment. Thereafter, we evaluated the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and liver histopathology. Additionally, the cell study was also done using the HepG2 cell line for measuring the direct effects of the extract on cell viability, oxidative stress MDA, and glutathione (GSH) and inflammation tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) following the Pb-induced cytotoxicity. Pb significantly increased the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and MDA and liver histopathological scores but notably decreased CAT activity compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for all cases). OHAE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of serum liver enzyme activities and MDA as well as histopathological scores while it significantly increased CAT activity compared to the Pb group (p < 0.001-0.05 for all cases). OHAE (20, 40, and 80 μg/ml) concentration dependently and significantly reduced the levels of MDA and TNF-α, while it increased the levels of GSH and cell viability in comparison to the Pb group (p < 0.001-0.05 for all cases). These data suggest that OHAE may have hepatoprotective effects against Pb-induced liver toxicity both in vitro and in vivo by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Panickar KS, DeBey MC, Jewell DE. Dietary Carnitine and Carnosine Increase Body Lean in Healthy Cats in a Preliminary Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040299. [PMID: 33916431 PMCID: PMC8066050 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cats, like mammals in general, experience lean body mass loss in later life. This study shows that two dietary interventions offset that loss: L-carnitine and carnosine. The combination did not change body lean. Interestingly, the combination resulted in an increased circulating concentration of 8 of the 10 cytokines measured, while L-carnitine alone resulted in decreased concentrations. Thus, L-carnitine could benefit the healthy cat while in some disease states it may be beneficial to increase both L-carnitine and carnosine. Abstract The need to maintain body lean as cats age is shown in both health and disease. In healthy cats, body lean is associated with enhanced movement and overall longevity. In many disease states (i.e., renal disease, obesity), an enhanced or minimally maximal support of body lean is associated with quality of life and is a nutritional goal in aiding in the management of the disease. This study was designed to investigate the effect of these two dietary components and their combination on body composition and circulating factors of health, including metabolomics analysis and cytokine concentration. The foods that were fed for 169 days to four groups of cats and consisted of control food (formulated to meet the nutritional needs of all adult cats), carnitine-enhanced food (control food plus 300 mg/kg L-carnitine), carnosine-enhanced food (control food plus 1000 mg/kg carnosine), and food enhanced with both (control plus 300 mg/kg carnitine and 1000 mg/kg carnosine). Dietary enhancement with L-carnitine and carnosine increased body lean at the end of the study compared to the cats consuming the control food or the combination food. The cats consuming L-carnitine alone had a decreased concentration of circulating cytokines, while those consuming the combination food had an increased concentration of glucose, pyruvate, succinate, and circulating cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S. Panickar
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc., Topeka, KS 66617, USA; (K.S.P.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Mary C. DeBey
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc., Topeka, KS 66617, USA; (K.S.P.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Baghban F, Hosseinzadeh M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Dehghan A, Fallahzadeh H. The effect of L-Carnitine supplementation on clinical symptoms, C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde in obese women with knee osteoarthritis: a double blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:195. [PMID: 33596883 PMCID: PMC7891026 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS L-carnitine decreases oxidation and inflammation by reducing the fatty acid in plasma and using oxygen in ATP synthesis. As such, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) can be improved by reducing apoptotic chondrocytes. This study was designed to compare the effect of L-carnitine supplementation and low-calorie diet on improving KOA among obese women. We further investigated the effect of L- carnitine on improvement of KOA in obese women on low calorie diet. METHODS To conduct the study, 76 obese women with KOA were randomly assigned into two low-calorie diet groups: the first received 1000 mg of LCG and the second took the placebo (PLG) (n = 38). Anthropometry indices, body composition, lipid profile, C-reactive Protein (CRP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were assessed at the baseline condition and after 12 weeks. RESULTS The mean change of body mass index (BMI) (- 1.21 ± 0.84 vs. -0.79 ± 0.70; P = 0.02) and weight (- 2.76 ± 1.69 vs. -1.95 ± 1.73; P = 0.05) were significant in the LCG compared with the PLG. Likewise, LCG compared to the PLG showed insignificant improvement in waist circumference (WC) (- 5.65 ± 5.85 vs. -3.64 ± 3.37; P = 0.08). Total cholesterol (P = 0.02), MDA (P = 0.03), fat mass (P = 0.03) and visceral fat (P = 0.001) only showed decreased levels in LCG in comparison to the baseline condition. There was no significant difference between LCG and PLG, in the mean changes of hip circumference, visceral fat, free fat mass, fat mass, lipid profiles, CRP, MDA as well as stiffness, physical function, decrease of pain and total scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The 12-week L-carnitine supplementation could improve BMI, but had no significant effect on other anthropometric and body composition measures as well as clinical symptoms, CRP, MDA, and lipid profile in women with KOA. Further trials with higher doses and longer durations are required. IRCT registration number: IRCT2017011932026N2. Registration date: 2017-04-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Baghban
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghan
- Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Hey P, Gow P, Testro AG, Apostolov R, Chapman B, Sinclair M. Nutraceuticals for the treatment of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:13-22. [PMID: 33487256 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, strength and function, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. Despite improved understanding of the multifaceted pathogenesis, there are few established therapies to treat or prevent muscle loss in this population. This narrative review examines the available literature investigating the role of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of muscle wasting in chronic liver disease. METHODS A comprehensive search or Medline and PubMED databases was conducted. Reference lists were screened to identify additional articles. RESULTS A number of nutritional supplements and vitamins target the specific metabolic derangements that contribute to sarcopenia in cirrhosis including altered amino acid metabolism, hyperammonaemia and inflammation. Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has proposed anabolic effects through dual pathways of enhanced ammonia clearance and stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. l-carnitine also has multimodal effects on muscle and shows promise as a therapy for muscle loss through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and ammonia lowering properties. Other nutraceuticals including l-ornithine l-aspartate, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and zinc and vitamin D supplementation, may similarly have positive effects on muscle homeostasis, however further evidence to support their use in cirrhotic populations is required. CONCLUSION Nutraceuticals offer a promising and likely safe adjunct to standard care for sarcopenia in cirrhosis. While there is most evidence to support the use of BCAA and l-carnitine supplementation, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to elucidate their efficacy as a therapy for muscle loss in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hey
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul Gow
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adam G Testro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ross Apostolov
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Brooke Chapman
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Potential roles of mitochondrial cofactors in the adjuvant mitigation of proinflammatory acute infections, as in the case of sepsis and COVID-19 pneumonia. Inflamm Res 2020; 70:159-170. [PMID: 33346851 PMCID: PMC7750159 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial cofactors α-lipoic acid (ALA), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and carnitine (CARN) play distinct and complementary roles in mitochondrial functioning, along with strong antioxidant actions. Also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), these cofactors have demonstrated specific protective actions in a number of chronic disorders, as assessed in a well-established body of literature. Methods Using PubMed, the authors searched for articles containing information on the utilization of MNs in inflammatory disorders as assessed from in vitro and animal studies, and in clinical trials, in terms of exerting anti-inflammatory actions. Results The retrieved literature provided evidence relating acute pathologic conditions, such as sepsis and pneumonia, with a number of redox endpoints of biological and clinical relevance. Among these findings, both ALA and CARN were effective in counteracting inflammation-associated redox biomarkers, while CoQ10 showed decreased levels in proinflammatory conditions. MN-associated antioxidant actions were applied in a number of acute disorders, mostly using one MN. The body of literature assessing the safety and the complementary roles of MNs taken together suggests an adjuvant role of MN combinations in counteracting oxidative stress in sepsis and other acute disorders, including COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Conclusions The present state of art in the use of individual MNs in acute disorders suggests planning adjuvant therapy trials utilizing MN combinations aimed at counteracting proinflammatory conditions, as in the case of pneumonia and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Determination of Major Endogenous FAHFAs in Healthy Human Circulation: The Correlations with Several Circulating Cardiovascular-Related Biomarkers and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on RAW 264.7 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121689. [PMID: 33348748 PMCID: PMC7766943 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are newly discovered long-chain fatty acids. However, the major endogenous FAHFAs in healthy human circulation, their correlation with cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers, and their anti-inflammatory effects have not been investigated and remain unclear. In the present study, a total of 57 healthy subjects were recruited. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven FAHFAs, four long-chain fatty acids, and four non-traditional circulating CV-related biomarkers. We found two major types of FAHFAs in healthy human circulation, palmitoleic acid ester of 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-POHSA), and oleic acid ester of 9-hydroxystearic acid (9-OAHSA). Both 9-POHSA and 9-OAHSA had a strong positive correlation with each other and were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), but not with l-homocysteine. 9-POHSA was also positively correlated with l-carnitine. Moreover, we confirmed that both 9-POHSA and 9-OAHSA exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing LPS stimulated cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, palmitoleic acid also had a positive correlation with 9-POHSA and 9-OAHSA. As far as we know, this is the first report showing the major endogenous FAHFAs in healthy subjects and their CV protection potential which might be correlated with SAH and TMAO reduction, l-Carnitine elevation, and their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Yeshi K, Creek DJ, Anderson D, Ritmejerytė E, Becker L, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Metabolomes and Lipidomes of the Infective Stages of the Gastrointestinal nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110446. [PMID: 33171998 PMCID: PMC7694664 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths, including hookworms and whipworms, infect billions of people worldwide. Their capacity to penetrate and migrate through their hosts’ tissues is influenced by the suite of molecules produced by the infective developmental stages. To facilitate a better understanding of the immunobiology and pathogenicity of human hookworms and whipworms, we investigated the metabolomes of the infective stage of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis third-stage larvae (L3) which penetrate the skin and Trichuris muris eggs which are orally ingested, using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We identified 55 polar metabolites through Metabolomics Standard Initiative level-1 (MSI-I) identification from N. brasiliensis and T. muris infective stages, out of which seven were unique to excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of N. brasiliensis L3. Amino acids were a principal constituent (33 amino acids). Additionally, we identified 350 putative lipids, out of which 28 (all known lipids) were unique to N. brasiliensis L3 somatic extract and four to T. muris embryonated egg somatic extract. Glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids were the major lipid groups. The catalogue of metabolites identified in this study shed light on the biology, and possible therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment of these critical infectious pathogens. Moreover, with the growing body of literature on the therapeutic utility of helminth ESPs for treating inflammatory diseases, a role for metabolites is likely but has received little attention thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (E.R.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Darren J. Creek
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (D.J.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Dovile Anderson
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (D.J.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Edita Ritmejerytė
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (E.R.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (E.R.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (E.R.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (E.R.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.Y.); (P.W.)
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Fathizadeh H, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Amirani E, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1879-1894. [PMID: 33520867 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Several trials investigated the efficacy of L-carnitine administration on markers of inflammation and indicators of oxidative stress; however, their findings are controversial. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis and a critical review, which would analyze all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to determine the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Methods An electronic search was performed using Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science databases on publications from 1990 up to May 2020. Human RCTs conducted in healthy subjects or participants with certain disorders which investigating the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation compared to control (placebo, usual treatment or no intervention) on inflammation and oxidative markers were included. Data were pooled applying a random-effects model and as the overall effect size, weighted mean difference (WMD) was presented. Between heterogeneity among studies was computed using Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2). Quality of studies assessed using the Jadad scale. Dose-response analysis was measured using meta-regression. The funnel plot, as well as the Egger's regression test was applied to determine the publication bias. Results 44 trials (reported 49 effect sizes for different outcomes of interest) met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. According to the findings, L-carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -0.10; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.06), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD: -1.87; 95% CI: -2.80, -0.95), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (WMD: -1.43; 95% CI: -2.03, -0.84), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: -0.47; 95% CI: -0.76, -0.18) levels, while there was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) (WMD: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.25). However, no significant effects of L-carnitine on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (WMD: 0.02; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.33) were found. Conclusions L-carnitine supplementation was associated with lowering of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA, and increasing SOD levels, but did not affect other inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Della Corte L, Foreste V, Barra F, Gustavino C, Alessandri F, Centurioni MG, Ferrero S, Bifulco G, Giampaolino P. Current and experimental drug therapy for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:819-830. [PMID: 32543238 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1781815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects 8-13% of reproductive-age women. Irregular periods, hirsutism, or infertility are the most common clinical presentations of patients affected by PCOS. This syndrome is also linked to metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. The optimal therapeutic approach is still unknown. AREAS COVERED This narrative review offers an overview of the literature on current and experimental pharmacological options for treating PCOS and highlights ongoing clinical trials. Several electronic databases were searched and current research registers were analyzed to the present year. The papers selected for this review were critically analyzed, and all data available were summarized, organized, and explored to derive key information. EXPERT OPINION The main goal of PCOS treatment is to obtain a metabolic and hormonal balance. Optimal PCOS therapy should be direct to the reproductive abnormalities and the entire spectrum of endocrine and metabolic complications that appear to have a long-term negative impact on PCOS patient health, as in post-menopausal period. The discovery of new mechanisms in PCOS pathogenesis will offer the possibility of testing new drug classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Foreste
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (Dinogmi), University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Gustavino
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Alessandri
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Ferrero
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (Dinogmi), University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
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Sepandar F, Daneshpazhooh M, Djalali M, Mohammadi H, Yaghubi E, Fakhri Z, Tavakoli H, Ghaedi E, Keshavarz A, Zarei M, Shahrbaf MA, Ghandi N, Darand M, Javanbakht MH. The effect of
l
‐carnitine supplementation on serum levels of omentin‐1, visfatin and SFRP5 and glycemic indices in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 34:859-866. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sepandar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of DermatologyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Elham Yaghubi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Fakhri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hajar Tavakoli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahnaz Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Narges Ghandi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of DermatologyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- Student Research Committee, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Kalhori Z, Mehranjani MS, Azadbakht M, Shariatzadeh MA. L-Carnitine improves endocrine function and folliculogenesis by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice following induction of polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:282-293. [PMID: 31039949 DOI: 10.1071/rd18131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to low levels of serum l-carnitine, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine on folliculogenesis in mice following induction of PCOS. PCOS was induced by daily injections of testosterone enanthate (1mg per 100g, s.c., for 35 days). NMRI mice (21 days old) were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): Control, Control+l-carnitine, PCOS and PCOS+l-carnitine. Mice were treated with 500mgkg-1, i.p., l-carnitine every second day for 28 days. Ovaries were studied stereologically and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined using ELISA kits. Serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were also analysed. Apoptosis of follicles was evaluated by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL). CD31 was assessed immunohistochemically. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, differences considered significant at P<0.05.The total volume of the ovary, cortex volume, oocyte volume, zona pellucida thickness and the number of antral follicles increased significantly, whereas the number of primary and preantral follicles decreased significantly, in the PCOS+l-carnitine versus PCOS group. In the PCOS+l-carnitine group, serum concentrations of FSH and FRAP increased significantly, whereas there were significant decreases in serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as in the percentage of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, compared with the PCOS group. l-Carnitine improves folliculogenesis and is therefore suggested as a therapeutic supplement in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kalhori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, PO Box 381-5688138, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Mehri Azadbakht
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, PO Box 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
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Carnitine effects on serum and pancreas inflammatory response in diabetic rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Luo Y, Zhang YN, Zhang H, Lv HB, Zhang ML, Chen LQ, Du ZY. PPARα activation enhances the ability of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to resist Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:675-684. [PMID: 31563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays critical physiological roles in energy metabolism, antioxidation and immunity of mammals, however, these functions have not been fully understood in fish. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with fenofibrate, an agonist of PPARα, for six weeks, and subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that PPARα was efficiently activated by fenofibrate through increasing mRNA and protein expressions and protein dephosphorylation. PPARα activation increased significantly mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation efficiency, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA and expression of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a marker gene of mitochondria. Meanwhile, PPARα activation also increased significantly the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1α subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9, complex I) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1, complex IV). The fenofibrate-fed fish had higher survival rate when exposed to A. hydrophila. Moreover, the fenofibrate-fed fish also had higher activities of immune and antioxidative enzymes, and gene expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines, while had lower expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Taken together, PPARα activation improved the ability of Nile tilapia to resist A. hydrophila, mainly through enhancing mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation, immune and antioxidant capacities, as well as inhibiting inflammation. This is the first study showing the regulatory effects of PPARα activation on immune functions through increasing mitochondria-mediated energy supply in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Characteristics of Selected Antioxidative and Bioactive Compounds in Meat and Animal Origin Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090335. [PMID: 31443517 PMCID: PMC6769838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat and meat products have a high nutritional value. Besides major components, meat is rich in bioactive components, primarily taurine, l-carnitine, choline, alpha-lipoic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, glutathione, creatine, coenzyme Q10 and bioactive peptides. Many studies have reported their antioxidant and health-promoting properties connected with their lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory activity and protecting the organism against oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of meat components results, among others, from the capability of scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, forming complexes with metal ions and protecting cells against damage. This review is focused to gather accurate information about meat components with antioxidant and biological activity.
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Lin TJ, Tang SC, Liao PY, Dongoran RA, Yang JH, Liu CH. A comparison of L-carnitine and several cardiovascular-related biomarkers between healthy vegetarians and omnivores. Nutrition 2019; 66:29-37. [PMID: 31202134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A plant-based diet has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This study aimed to determine the levels and correlations of CV-related biomarkers and the beneficial role of dietary habits. METHODS A total of 63 healthy vegetarians (n = 32) and omnivores (n = 31) were recruited. The baseline characteristics were recorded and measured (including lipid profiles, blood glucose, etc.). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven circulating CV-related biomarkers. RESULTS L-carnitine (L-Car), L-methionine, and ascorbic acid (AA) were significantly higher in vegetarians than in omnivores. In the vegetarians, L-Car had a negative correlation with triacylglycerols (P = 0.042) and blood glucose (P = 0.048) and a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.049). L-Car was also positively correlated with L-lysine (P = 0.009), L-methionine (P = 0.006), and AA (P = 0.035). The vegetarians' AA also had a negative correlation with L-homocysteine (P = 0.028). In the omnivores, L-Car was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.038). Omnivores' body mass index was positively correlated with L-homocysteine (P = 0.033), and age was positively correlated with trimethylamine N-oxide (P < 0.001) and blood glucose (P = 0.007), but not in vegetarians. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vegetarians have an elevated level of L-Car, which might be associated with endogenous biosynthesis and diet composition. Circulating L-Car might play an important role in CV protection, especially in vegetarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Lin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Chung Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rachmad Anres Dongoran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; National Agency of Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Talari HR, Azad ZJ, Hamidian Y, Samimi M, Gilasi HR, Ebrahimi Afshar F, Ostadmohammadi V, Asemi Z. Effects of Carnitine Administration on Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 31360336 PMCID: PMC6592103 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of carnitine administration on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, aged 18–40 years. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 250 mg/day carnitine (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. High-resolution carotid ultrasonography was conducted at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Results: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, carnitine supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in maximum levels of the left CIMT (−0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.002 mm ± 0.006 mm, P = 0.001), mean levels of the left CIMT (−0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.001 mm ± 0.01 mm, P = 0.001), maximum levels of the right CIMT (−0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.006 mm ± 0.01 mm, P < 0.001), and mean levels of the right CIMT (−0.01 ± 0.02 vs. +0.002 mm ± 0.01 mm, P = 0.001). Change in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (+2.4 ± 3.6 vs. +0.2 ± 2.3 μmol/L, P = 0.007) was significantly different between the supplemented patients and placebo group. We did not see any significant effect in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) following the supplementation of carnitine compared with the placebo. Conclusions: Overall, carnitine administration for 12 weeks to participants with PCOS had beneficial effects on CIMT and plasma NO, but did not affect serum hs-CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Talari
- Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jafari Azad
- Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Yaser Hamidian
- Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Gilasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faraneh Ebrahimi Afshar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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The effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:1037-1046. [PMID: 30915521 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND Reducing inflammation by nutritional supplements may help to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS Our systematic search to find relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed up to October 2018 using ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, and SCOPUS. In this meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences (WMD) with standard errors (SE) were used to pool the data. WMD was calculated by subtracting change-from-baseline mean values in the control group from change-from-baseline mean values in the intervention group in each study. To identify heterogeneity among studies, the I2 statistic was employed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42019116695). RESULTS Thirteen articles were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that L-carnitine supplementation was significantly associated with lower levels of CRP in comparison to controls (WMD = -1.23 mg/L; 95% CI: -1.73, -0.72 mg/dL; P < 0.0001). Also, a slight but statistically significant decrease was observed in IL-6 and TNF-α levels (WMD = -0.85 pg/dL; 95% CI: -1.38, -0.32 pg/dL; P = 0.002 and WMD = -0.37 pg/dL; 95% CI: -0.68, -0.06 pg/dL; P = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that L-carnitine reduced inflammatory mediators, especially in studies with a duration of more than 12 weeks. Further studies with different doses and intervention durations and separately in men and women are necessary.
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Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Kavossian E, Aghadavod E, Amirani E, Mahdavinia M, Mafi A, Asemi Z. Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation affects mental health, hormonal, inflammatory, genetic, and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019:1-9. [PMID: 30835597 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1557144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the co-administration of carnitine and chromium on mental health, hormonal, inflammatory and genetic parameters in women with PCOS. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 54 subjects, aged 18-40 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated to take either 1000 mg/d carnitine plus 200 µg/d chromium as chromium picolinate (n = 26) or placebo (n = 27) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Carnitine and chromium co-supplementation, compared with the placebo, significantly improved beck depression inventory (β - 0.84; 95% CI, -1.51, -0.17; p = 0.01), general health questionnaire scores (β - 1.13; 95% CI, -2.13, -0.14; p = 0.02) and depression anxiety and stress scale scores (β - 0.96; 95% CI, -0.78, -0.14; p = 0.02). Participants who received carnitine plus chromium supplements had significantly lower total testosterone (β - 0.15 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.24, -0.06; p = 0.002), hirsutism (β - 0.48; 95% CI, -0.91, -0.06; p = 0.02), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β - 1.02 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.79, -0.25; p = 0.01), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (β - 0.38 µmol/L; 95% CI, -0.56, -0.20; p < 0.001), and higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 107.18 mmol/L; 95% CI, 44.24, 170.12; p = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Moreover, carnitine and chromium co-supplementation upregulated gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.02) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.02) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION Overall, the co-administration of carnitine and chromium for 12 weeks to women with PCOS had beneficial effects on mental health parameters, serum total testosterone, mF-G scores, hs-CRP, TAC and MDA levels, and gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center , Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Foroozanfard
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Elham Kavossian
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- c Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- c Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Mostafa Mahdavinia
- d Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- c Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- c Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases , Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Kashan , Iran
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Lent-Schochet D, McLaughlin M, Ramakrishnan N, Jialal I. Exploratory metabolomics of metabolic syndrome: A status report. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:23-36. [PMID: 30697368 PMCID: PMC6347655 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is as a cluster of cardio-metabolic factors that greatly increase the risk of chronic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In the United States, obesity, physical inactivity, aging, and genetics (to a minor extent) have arisen as risk factors for developing MetS. Although 35% of American adults suffer from MetS, its pathogenesis largely remains unknown. Worse, there is a lack of screening and optimum therapy for this disease. Researchers have consequently turned towards metabolomics to identify biomarkers to better understand MetS. The purpose of this review is to characterize various metabolites and their potential connections to MetS. Numerous studies have also characterized MetS as a disease of increased inflammation, and therefore this review also explores how metabolites play a role in various inflammatory pathways. Our review explores a broad range of metabolites including biogenic amines, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amines, phosphatidylcholines, as well as a variety of other molecules. We will explore their biochemical pathways and their potential role in serving as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Lent-Schochet
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Matthew McLaughlin
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Neeraj Ramakrishnan
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- Metabolism and Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- VA Medical Center, Mather CA 95655, United States
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El-Sheikh HM, El-Haggar SM, Elbedewy TA. Comparative study to evaluate the effect of l-carnitine plus glimepiride versus glimepiride alone on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:167-173. [PMID: 30641691 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Insulin resistance (IR) is predominant in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate benefits from adding l-carnitine to ongoing glimepiride compared to glimepiride monotherapy on IR in diabetic patients who failed to achieve their glycemic goals on glimepiride monotherapy. METHODS 58 patients were recruited from Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt then prospectively randomized to receive their glimepiride dose 2 mg twice daily (group 1) or glimepiride 2 mg twice daily + l-carnitine 1 g m twice daily (group 2) for 6 months. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment for analysis of fasting and postprandial blood glucose [FBG &PPBG], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c %], fasting insulin, extracellular part of insulin regulated aminopeptidase [IRAPe] as a novel marker, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], visfatin and lipid panel. Body mass index [BMI] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using unpaired Student's t-test and one way analysis of variance; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The obtained data suggested that adding l-carnitine to glimepiride has a significantly beneficial effect on FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, IRAPe, TNF-α, visfatin and lipid panel parameters but doesn't have effect on BMI and blood pressure. CONCLUSION The co-administration of l-carnitine with glimepiride represents a new therapeutic strategy for better controlling diabetic patients as it resulted in more beneficial effects on direct and indirect biomarkers of insulin resistance than glimepiride alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadier M El-Sheikh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El- Guiesh Street, Tanta- El-Gharbia Government, 72513, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El- Guiesh Street, Tanta- El-Gharbia Government, 72513, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Tamer A Elbedewy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, College of Medicine, El- Guiesh Street, Tanta- El-Gharbia Government, Tanta, Egypt.
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Koozehchian MS, Daneshfar A, Fallah E, Agha-Alinejad H, Samadi M, Kaviani M, Kaveh B M, Jung YP, Sablouei MH, Moradi N, Earnest CP, Chandler TJ, Kreider RB. Effects of nine weeks L-Carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic power, and exercise-induced oxidative stress in resistance-trained males. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:7-19. [PMID: 30661327 PMCID: PMC6343764 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Studies of L-carnitine in healthy athletic populations have yielded equivocal results. Further scientific-based knowledge is needed to clarify the ability of L-carnitine to improve exercise capacity and expedite the recovery process by reducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the 9-week effects of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic capacity, and exercise-induced oxidative stress markers in resistance-trained males. [Methods] In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled treatment, 23 men (age, 25±2y; weight, 81.2±8.31 kg; body fat, 17.1±5.9%) ingested either a placebo (2 g/d, n=11) or L-carnitine (2 g/d, n=12) for 9 weeks in conjunction with resistance training. Primary outcome measurements were analyzed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, and 9. Participants underwent a similar resistance training (4 d/w, upper/lower body split) for a 9-week period. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. [Results] There were significant increases in bench press lifting volume at wk-6 (146 kg, 95% CI 21.1, 272) and wk-9 (245 kg, 95% CI 127, 362) with L-carnitine. A similar trend was observed for leg press. In the L-carnitine group, at wk-9, there were significant increases in mean power (63.4 W, 95% CI 32.0, 94.8) and peak power (239 W, 95% CI 86.6, 392), reduction in post-exercise blood lactate levels (-1.60 mmol/L, 95% CI -2.44, -0.75) and beneficial changes in total antioxidant capacity (0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.07, 0.28). [Conclusion] L-carnitine supplementation enhances exercise performance while attenuating blood lactate and oxidative stress responses to resistance training.
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Stangenberg S, Nguyen LT, Chan YL, Zaky A, Pollock CA, Chen H, Saad S. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation ameliorates renal underdevelopment and epigenetic changes in male mice offspring due to maternal smoking. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:183-193. [PMID: 30290012 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological and animal studies showed that L-carnitine (LC) supplementation can ameliorate oxidative stress-induced tissues damage. We have previously shown that maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) can increase renal oxidative stress in newborn offspring with postnatal kidney underdevelopment and renal dysfunction in adulthood, which were normalised by LC administration in the SE dams during pregnancy. Exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment may lead to alteration in the epigenome, a mechanism by which adverse prenatal conditions increase the susceptibility to chronic disease later in life. The current study aimed to determine whether maternal SE induces epigenetic changes in the offspring's kidney are associated with renal underdevelopment, and the protective effect of maternal LC supplementation. METHOD Female Balb/c mice (7 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke (SE) or air (Sham) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. A subgroup of the SE dams received LC via drinking water (SE + LC, 1.5 mmol/L) throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were studied at postnatal day (P)1, P20, and 13 weeks. RESULTS Maternal SE altered the expression of renal development markers glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, which were associated with increased renal global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase 1 mRNA expression at birth. These disorders were reversed by maternal LC administration. CONCLUSION The effect of maternal SE on renal underdevelopment involves global epigenetic alterations from birth, which can be prevented by maternal LC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Stangenberg
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Long The Nguyen
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- RCMB, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Moreira da Silva Guimarães S, de Souza Cruz WM, de Souza Weigert G, Scalco FB, Colafranceschi AS, Ribeiro MG, Boaventura GT. Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure Reduces Plasma L-carnitine. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:278-281. [PMID: 30268703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The heart has an intense aerobic metabolism and is among the most metabolically active organs in the body. Its tissue stores fatty acid, the main energetic substrate, and requires high concentrations of plasma L-carnitine. This nutrient is essential in the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria to generate energy and maintain the proper concentration of coenzyme A free. In decompensated chronic heart failure metabolic changes, associated with inflammation, alter the metabolism of L-carnitine and compromise cardiac energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma L-carnitine in chronic heart failure patients during cardiac decompensation. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 109 volunteers with chronic heart failure. Participants were stratified in the compensated (HF compensated) and decompensated (decompensated HF) groups. Plasma L-carnitine was evaluated by the spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Low plasma L-carnitine was found in the decompensated HF group (p = 0.0001). In this group it was also observed that 29.1% of the participants presented plasma L-carnitine below the reference range (<20 mmol). Reduced plasma L-carnitine in patients with decompensated chronic systolic heart failure was founded. These findings suggest that plasma L-carnitine assessment may be helpful in clinical practice for the treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Moreira da Silva Guimarães
- Fluminense Federal University, Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Wanise Maria de Souza Cruz
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Postgraduate in Clinical Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Souza Weigert
- Deparment of Surgical Procedures, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bertão Scalco
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Chemistry Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory (LABEIM), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Siciliano Colafranceschi
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Chemistry Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory (LABEIM), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Postgraduate in Clinical Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson Teles Boaventura
- Fluminense Federal University, Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yang J, Tan X, Zhao Y. Chiral recognition of the carnitine enantiomers using rhodamine B as a resonance Rayleigh scattering probe. Chirality 2018; 30:1173-1181. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Yang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing Three Gorges University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanping Tan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing Three Gorges University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing Three Gorges University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
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Paulis G. Inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress in prostatitis: the possible role of antioxidant therapy. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:75-87. [PMID: 30271757 PMCID: PMC6149977 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s170400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the role that oxidative stress plays in chronic prostatitis, not only with respect to the known impact on symptoms and fertility but also especially in relation to possible prostate cancer development. Prostatitis is the most common urologic disease in adult males younger than 50 years and the third most common urologic diagnosis in males older than 50 years. If the germ-causing acute prostatitis is not eliminated, the inflammatory process becomes chronic. Persistent inflammation causes ongoing production of large quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and both oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, with consequent activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and genes encoding for further production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemotactic factors, and growth factors. Confirming the role of oxidative stress in chronic prostatitis, several studies have demonstrated the presence of oxidative stress markers in the genital secretions of patients suffering from the disease. Antioxidants can therefore play an essential role in the treatment of chronic bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis; in the case of bacterial inflammation, they can be associated with antibiotic therapy. Moreover, due to their anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidants hinder the progression of inflammation and the possible development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Paulis
- Andrology Center, Villa Benedetta Clinic, Rome, Italy,
- Department of Uro-Andrology, Castelfidardo Medical Team, Rome, Italy,
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Lent-Schochet D, Silva R, McLaughlin M, Huet B, Jialal I. Changes to trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursors in nascent metabolic syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0015/hmbci-2018-0015.xml. [PMID: 29668463 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cardio-metabolic cluster afflicting 35% of American adults, increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes (T2DM) risk. Increased levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from choline and L-carnitine, correlates with CVD and T2DM. However, the precise role of TMAO and its precursors in MetS remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that choline, L-carnitine and TMAO in MetS patients without CVD or T2DM would be altered and correlate with inflammatory markers. Materials and methods This was an exploratory study of 30 patients with nascent MetS (without CVD or T2DM) and 20 matched controls. MetS was defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. TMAO and its precursors were evaluated from each patient's frozen early morning urine samples and quantified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These amines were correlated with a detailed repertoire of biomarkers of inflammation and adipokines. Results L-carnitine was significantly increased (p = 0.0002) compared to controls. There was a trend for a significant increase in TMAO levels (p = 0.08). Choline was not significantly altered in MetS. L-carnitine correlated significantly with soluble tumor necrosis factor 1 (sTNFR1) and leptin, and inversely to adiponectin. TMAO correlated with IL-6, endotoxin and chemerin. Neither choline, nor L-carnitine significantly correlated with TMAO. Conclusion L-carnitine is directly correlated with markers of inflammation in nascent MetS. Cellular L-carnitine could be a biomediator or marker of inflammation in the pathogenesis of MetS, and the sequelae of CVD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Silva
- California North-state University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Matthew McLaughlin
- California North-state University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Beverley Huet
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ishwarlal Jialal
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, 9700 Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, VA Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
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Saad S, Al-Odat I, Chan YL, McGrath KC, Pollock CA, Oliver BG, Chen H. Maternal L-carnitine supplementation improves glucose and lipid profiles in female offspring of dams exposed to cigarette smoke. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:694-703. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Saad
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - I Al-Odat
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Department of Medical Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy; Jadara University; Irbid Jordan
| | - YL Chan
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- RCMB; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - KC McGrath
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
| | - CA Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - BG Oliver
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- RCMB; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - H Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway NSW Australia
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu Sichuan China
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50
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Sawicka AK, Hartmane D, Lipinska P, Wojtowicz E, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Olek RA. l-Carnitine Supplementation in Older Women. A Pilot Study on Aging Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020255. [PMID: 29473908 PMCID: PMC5852831 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting, associated with aging, may be regulated by the inflammatory cytokines as well as by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). l-carnitine possesses anti-inflammatory properties and increases plasma IGF-1 concentration, leading to the regulation of the genes responsible for protein catabolism and anabolism. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a 24-week l-carnitine supplementation on serum inflammatory markers, IGF-1, body composition and skeletal muscle strength in healthy human subjects over 65 years of age. Women between 65 and 70 years of age were supplemented for 24 weeks with either 1500 mg l-carnitine-l-tartrate or an isonitrogenous placebo per day in a double-blind fashion. Before and after the supplementation protocol, body mass and composition, as well as knee extensor and flexor muscle strength were determined. In the blood samples, free carnitine, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein and IGF-1 were determined. A marked increase in free plasma carnitine concentration was observed due to l-carnitine supplementation. No substantial changes in other parameters were noted. In the current study, supplementation for 24 weeks affected neither the skeletal muscle strength nor circulating markers in healthy women over 65 years of age. Positive and negative aspects of l-carnitine supplementation need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika K Sawicka
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Dace Hartmane
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Patrycja Lipinska
- Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-091 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Wojtowicz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | | | - Robert A Olek
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
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