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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females? Nutrients 2024; 16:1931. [PMID: 38931285 PMCID: PMC11206548 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18-30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18-30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. RESULTS The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Lou J, Wang J, Fu Y, Huang D, Liu M, Zhao R, Deng J. Association between Oral Health and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Dietary Diversity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1231. [PMID: 38674922 PMCID: PMC11054946 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor in healthy population aging. Additionally, oral health and diet are important factors affecting depressive symptoms. To assess the mediating role of dietary diversity (DD) in oral health and depressive symptoms in older adults, we selected 8442 participants aged ≥ 65 years from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS) for a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were determined based on scores on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were established based on the frequency of intake of food groups. Oral health was measured by denture use and toothbrushing frequency. Stepwise multiple linear regression and PROCESS macros were used for mediated effects analysis and testing. The sample had a positive detection rate of 44.1% for depressive symptoms, 40.8% for denture use, and 41.9% for once-a-day toothbrushing. Denture use (ρ = -0.077, p < 0.01) and toothbrushing frequency (ρ = -0.115, p < 0.01) were negative predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. DD significantly mediated the association between denture use (indirect effect -0.047; 95%CI: -0.068-0.028; p < 0.001), toothbrushing frequency (indirect effect -0.041; 95%CI: -0.054-0.030; p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms. Denture use and toothbrushing frequency not only directly reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults, but also indirectly affect depressive symptoms through DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Lou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Derong Huang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (D.H.); (M.L.); (R.Z.); (J.D.)
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Kiuchi Y, Tsutsumimoto K, Nishimoto K, Misu Y, Ohata T, Makizako H, Shimada H. Association between dietary diversity and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2024; 15:545-552. [PMID: 38281299 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether dietary diversity is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. METHODS Participants comprised 8,195 older adults (mean age was 74.0 ± 5.6 years; 42.7% were men) in this cross-sectional study. In this study, CKD was defined as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Diet variety was assessed using the Food Frequency Score (FFS) (maximum, 30 points). The FFS assessed the one-week consumption frequency of ten foods (meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk, soybean products, green & yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruits, seafood, and fats & oil). Participants with an FFS of 16 or fewer points were defined as having low dietary diversity. RESULTS The prevalence of CKD was 376 (4.6%), and the low dietary diversity group had higher prevalence (5.6%) compared with the high and low dietary diversity group (4.3%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed low dietary diversity was associated with CKD in older adults (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.01-1.68). Stratified analysis showed that low dietary diversity was independently associated with CKD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.91) in older adults with hypertension, but not in adults without hypertension (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.54-1.64). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This cross-sectional study revealed that low dietary diversity was associated with CKD among older adults. Furthermore, low dietary diversity was associated with CKD among older adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kiuchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Nishimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Medical Science Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ohata
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Creative Physical Therapy, Field of Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Monteiro JS, Nakano EY, Zandonadi RP, Botelho RBA, Araújo WMC. How Do Brazilian Consumers Understand Food Groups in the Food-based Dietary Guidelines? Foods 2024; 13:338. [PMID: 38275705 PMCID: PMC10814934 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs), food classification is based on food groups and nutrient sources. Much research has already investigated multiple aspects of consumer understanding of the information described in these documents. However, no study has evaluated consumer understanding of all food items contained in the groups described in the FBDGs. This study aimed to assess Brazilian consumers' understanding of food classification according to food groups in the concepts of the FBDGs. Therefore, an instrument, Consumer Understanding of Food Groups (UFG), was constructed and validated to assess consumer understanding of food groups. The instrument comprised 44 items approved by experts (agreement > 80%). A total of 894 Brazilians from all regions participated in this study. The results suggest that 48.9% of the participants believe it is easier to classify food according to food groups. The classification of food groups is based on the origin of the food (animal and vegetable). Although consumers easily recognize foods according to their origin, we still identify asymmetries regarding including food items from the animal kingdom and species from the plant kingdom. This exploratory study highlights important information that can contribute to improving the FBDGs. It is essential to consider consumers' understanding and guide them regarding choices from a technical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna Santos Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (J.S.M.); (R.P.Z.); (R.B.A.B.)
| | - Eduardo Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Statistics, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (J.S.M.); (R.P.Z.); (R.B.A.B.)
| | - Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (J.S.M.); (R.P.Z.); (R.B.A.B.)
| | - Wilma Maria Coelho Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (J.S.M.); (R.P.Z.); (R.B.A.B.)
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Kiuchi Y, Tsutsumimoto K, Doi T, Kurita S, Nishimoto K, Makizako H, Shimada H. Effect of dietary diversity on incident of disability in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia: A 40-month follow-up longitudinal study. Maturitas 2024; 179:107887. [PMID: 37980814 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a clinical issue in older adults that leads to serious adverse health outcomes, including disability. The present study investigated whether dietary diversity affects the incidence of disability in older adults with sarcopenia. METHOD Participants were 759 Japanese older adults with sarcopenia (mean age 77.2 ± 6.0 years; 44.4 % men) who were aged ≥65 years at the time of the examination. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the recommendations of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Dietary diversity was assessed using a diet variety score. This diet variety score assessed the one-week consumption frequency of ten food groups, according to the following responses: "eat almost every day" (1 point), or "not eaten almost daily" (0 points). Older adults with a diet variety score of 3 or more points were defined as having high dietary diversity. Incident disability was certified by long-term care insurance (mean follow-up duration 32 months). RESULTS The cumulative disability incidence rates in the older adults with low dietary diversity and high dietary diversity were 23.3 % and 16.9 %, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed high dietary diversity was associated with a lower risk of incident disability in older adults with sarcopenia (hazard ratio 0.66, 95 % confidence interval 0.47-0.92; p = 0.015), after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study revealed that high dietary diversity is associated with a lower risk of incident disability among sarcopenic Japanese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kiuchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Nishimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-0802, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Sieferle K, Schaefer C, Bitzer EM. Management of evidence and conflict of interest in guidelines on early childhood allergy prevention and child nutrition: study protocol of a systematic synthesis of guidelines and explorative network analysis. F1000Res 2023; 11:1290. [PMID: 38239264 PMCID: PMC10794862 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123571.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the rising prevalence of allergic diseases in children, prevention of childhood allergies becomes an important public health issue. Recently, a paradigm shift is taking place in the approach to preventing allergies, and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) play an important role in providing practitioners with the latest evidence and reliable guidance. However, concern about the methodological quality of the development of FBDGs and CPGs, including limitations in the systematic reviews, lack of transparency and unmanaged conflicts of interest (COI), reduce the trust in these guidelines. Methods We aim to synthesize the available guidance on early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) through a systematic search for national and international CPGs and FBDGs concerning ECAP and child nutrition (CN) and to assess the quality of the guidelines and management of COI. Additionally, we will analyse the content and the evidence base of the recommendation statements. We aim to quantify the COI in guideline panellists and explore possible associations between COI and recommendations. Through a social network analysis, we expect to elucidate ties between panellists, researchers, institutions, industry and other sponsors. Guidelines are an important tool to inform healthcare practitioners with the newest evidence, but quality and reliability have to be high. This study will help identify potential for further improvement in the development of guidelines and the management of COI. If the social network analysis proves feasible and reveals more information on COI in comparison to disclosed COI from the previous analyses, the methodology can be developed further to identify undisclosed COIs in panelists. Ethics and dissemination This research does not require ethical approval because no human subjects are involved. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open access journals and via presentations at scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sieferle
- Department of Public Health and Health Education, Pädagogische Hochschule, Freiburg, 79117, Germany
| | | | - Eva Maria Bitzer
- Department of Public Health and Health Education, Pädagogische Hochschule, Freiburg, 79117, Germany
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Bruns A, Nebl J, Jonas W, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Nutritional status of flexitarians compared to vegans and omnivores - a cross-sectional pilot study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:140. [PMID: 38017527 PMCID: PMC10685640 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Western world, there has been a notable rise in the popularity of plant-based, meat-reduced flexitarian diets. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the nutritional status of individuals following this dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the intake and endogenous status of various nutrients in a healthy German adult study population consisting of flexitarians (FXs), vegans (Vs) and omnivores (OMNs). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, dietary intake of 94 non-smoking adults (32 FXs, 33 Vs, 29 OMNs) between 25 and 45 years of age was assessed using 3-day dietary records. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine different endogenous nutrient status markers. RESULTS 32%, 82% and 24% of the FXs, Vs, and OMNs respectively reported using dietary supplements. In the FXs, intake of total energy as well as macronutrients and most micronutrients were within the reference range. FXs had higher intakes of fiber, retinol-equ., ascorbic acid, folate-equ., tocopherol-equ., calcium, and magnesium compared to OMNs. However, cobalamin intake in FXs (2.12 µg/d) was below the reference (4 µg/d). Based on 4cB12, 13% of FXs showed a cobalamin undersupply [< -0.5 to -2.5] compared to 10% of OMNs, and 9% of Vs. The median 25(OH)D serum concentrations in FXs, Vs and OMNs were 46.6, 55.6, and 59.6 nmol/L. The prevalence of an insufficient/deficient vitamin-D status [< 49.9 nmol 25(OH)D/L] was highest in FXs (53%), followed by Vs (34%) and OMNs (27%). In FXs and Vs, the supplement takers had better cobalamin and vitamin-D status than non-supplement takers. Anemia and depleted iron stores were found only occasionally in all groups. In women, the prevalence of pre-latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency was highest in FXs (67%) compared to Vs (61%) and OMNs (54%). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that all three diets delivered sufficient amounts of most macro- and micronutrients. However, deficiencies in cobalamin, vitamin-D, and iron status were common across all diets. Further studies are needed to investigate the nutrient supply status and health consequences of meat-reduced plant-based diets. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (number: DRKS 00019887, data: 08.01.2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bruns
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Wiebke Jonas
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.
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Monteiro JS, Botelho RBA, Zandonadi RP, Araujo WMC. Is There a Convergence between the Food Classification Adopted by Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Food Science and Technology? Foods 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 37893716 PMCID: PMC10606280 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the dietary guidelines presented as the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). The FBDG classify foods according to their origin, nature, nutrient source, food group, and processing level. Food science and technology (FST) ranks food according to its origin, perishability, nutrient source, processing, food group, and formulation. This paper aimed to compare the convergence points for food classification according to the FBDG and FST. This study was carried out in two phases. The first step was identifying the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). For each of the FBDG, food items were grouped as fruits, vegetables, cereals, sugars, fat and oils, legumes, foods from animals, dairy products, and others. The second step aimed to identify and describe the different food classification systems. The search was performed on PubMed®, Science Direct, and Web of Science and websites of international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Codex Alimentarius. Our results show that the points of convergence between the classifications were the classification in terms of origin (animal and vegetable), nutrient sources, and food groups. However, inconsistencies were observed for the distribution of food items in each group in the 98 surveyed FBDG. As for nature, there was a convergence for in natura, minimally processed, and processed foods. However, the criteria adopted for minimally processed and processed foods described in the FBDG differ from those considered by the FST. FST also does not recognize the classification of foods concerning the level of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordanna Santos Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Wilma Maria Coelho Araujo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Bekele TH, Trijsburg L, Brouwer ID, de Vries JH, Covic N, Kennedy G, Alemayehu D, Feskens EJ. Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:895-913. [PMID: 37182739 PMCID: PMC10334157 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30-90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50-150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15-35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200-300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200-300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Hm de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dawit Alemayehu
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Gholami F, Samadi M, Rasaei N, Yekaninejad MS, Keshavarz SA, Javdan G, Shiraseb F, Bahrampour N, Mirzaei K. Interactions Between Genetic Risk Score and Healthy Plant Diet Index on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Obese and Overweight Women. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:199-217. [PMID: 37593209 PMCID: PMC10432161 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
People with higher genetic predisposition to obesity are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and healthy plant-based foods may be associated with reduced risks of obesity and other metabolic markers. We investigated whether healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might have inverse associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in participants at genetically elevated risk of obesity. For this cross-sectional study, 377 obese and overweight women were chosen from health centers in Tehran, Iran. We calculated a healthy plant-based diet index (h-PDI) in which healthy plant foods received positive scores, and unhealthy plant and animal foods received reversed scores. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 3 polymorphisms. The interaction between GRS and h-PDI on cardiometabolic traits was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM). We found significant interactions between GRS and h-PDI on body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.04), and waist circumference (p = 0.056). There were significant gene-diet interactions for healthful plant-derived diets and BMI-GRS on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.03), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), alanine transaminase (p = 0.05), insulin (p = 0.04), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (p = 0.002). Adherence to h-PDI was more strongly related to decreased levels of the aforementioned markers among participants in the second or top tertile of GRS than those with low GRS. These results highlight that following a plant-based dietary pattern considering genetics appears to be a protective factor against the risks of cardiometabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mahsa Samadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mir Saeid Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Gholamali Javdan
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar ‘Abbas 79166-13885, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
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11
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Zheng G, Cai M, Liu H, Li R, Qian Z, Howard SW, Keith AE, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Lin H, Hua J. Dietary Diversity and Inflammatory Diet Associated with All-Cause Mortality and Incidence and Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2120. [PMID: 37432291 PMCID: PMC10180882 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A higher dietary diversity score (DDS) and a lower energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) may be associated with lower risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mortality. This cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of DDS and E-DII with all-cause mortality, incidence of T2D, and mortality of T2D, as well as the joint effects of these two dietary factors. A total of 181,360 participants without all types of diabetes at baseline from the UK Biobank and 42,139 participants from the US NHANES were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations of DDS and E-DII with outcomes. In the UK Biobank data, 8338 deaths, 3416 incident T2D cases, and 353 T2D deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 12.5 years. In the US NHANES data, 6803 all-cause deaths and 248 T2D-specific deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. We observed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were significantly associated with lower risks of total mortality and incident T2D. Compared with low DDS, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high DDS were 0.69 (0.64, 0.74) for all-cause mortality, 0.79 (0.70, 0.88) for incident T2D in the UK Biobank, and 0.69 (0.61, 0.78) for all-cause mortality in the US NHANES. Compared with participants in tertile 3 of E-DII, those in tertile 1 had a lower risk of overall death [HR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.91) in UK Biobank; 0.83 (0.77, 0.88) in US NHANES] and incident T2D [0.86 (0.79, 0.94)] in UK Biobank. No evidence was observed of the interactive effects of DDS and E-DII on either all-cause mortality or the incidence and mortality of T2D. There was no significant association found between any exposure and T2D mortality in this study. In conclusion, our results revealed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were associated with both total mortality and incident T2D in UK and US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzhengyue Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen 518016, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amy E Keith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junjie Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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12
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Fan B, Huang X, Zhao JV. Exploration of Metabolic Biomarkers Linking Red Meat Consumption to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081865. [PMID: 37111083 PMCID: PMC10142709 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that red meat consumption is a risk factor for cardiovascular health, with potential sex disparity. The metabolic mechanisms have not been fully understood. Using the UK Biobank, first we examined the associations of unprocessed red meat and processed meat with ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality overall and by sex using logistic regression. Then, we examined the overall and sex-specific associations of red meat consumption with metabolites using multivariable regression, as well as the associations of selected metabolites with IHD mortality using logistic regression. We further selected metabolic biomarkers that are linked to both red meat consumption and IHD, with concordant directions. Unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption was associated with higher IHD mortality overall and in men. Thirteen metabolites were associated with both unprocessed red meat and IHD mortality overall and showed a consistent direction, including triglycerides in different lipoproteins, phospholipids in very small very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), docosahexaenoic acid, tyrosine, creatinine, glucose, and glycoprotein acetyls. Ten metabolites related to triglycerides and VLDL were positively associated with both unprocessed red meat consumption and IHD mortality in men, but not in women. Processed meat consumption showed similar results with unprocessed red meat. Triglycerides in lipoproteins, fatty acids, and some nonlipid metabolites may play a role linking meat consumption to IHD. Triglycerides and VLDL-related lipid metabolism may contribute to the sex-specific associations. Sex differences should be considered in dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Fan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Veron L, Chaltiel D, Raynard B, Rassy N, Scotté F, Charles C, Pons M, De Jesus A, Accolas LG, Bergougnoux A, Caron O, Delaloge S. Information needs on nutrition in link to cancer prevention among cancer patients, high-risk individuals and general population - A national cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:421-429. [PMID: 36963889 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nutrition is one of the fundamentals of cancer prevention. Knowing what are the patients' needs and beliefs in terms of "nutrition and cancer" information helps tailor future nutritional interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate specific information needs about "nutrition in relation to cancer prevention", including primary and tertiary prevention, among cancer patients, cancer-free individuals, and genetic high cancer risk individuals. METHODS This online survey was shared within two large National cancer social networks and proposed to all attendees and carers of a comprehensive cancer center. RESULTS 2887 individuals answered the survey (of whom 33% were cancer patients, 13% high-risk individuals and 55% participants of the general population). More than 80% of participants were women, had at least a high school degree. Median body mass index was 23.2 kg/m2. Eleven percent (n = 321) were following a diet, mostly low carbohydrate and weight-loss diets. Around 70% of all categories felt they lacked information on nutrition and cancer interplays. Only 12% of cancer patients (n = 108) considered they had received enough information on nutrition during their care pathway. A majority of participants agreed that food can modify cancer risk (93%, n = 2526) and 66% (n = 1781) considered that nutrition should be personalized according to the risk of cancer. Only twenty-nine percent (n = 792) believed that eating 5 fruits and vegetables a day was enough to avoid cancer, but 64% (n = 1720) thought that dietary supplements could help obtain a better health. All proposed nutrition topics were considered important by the participants. CONCLUSIONS Although cancer patients and cancer-free respondents, whether at high risk of cancer or not, share a common broad interest on the interplay between nutrition and cancer and seek after more information on this topic, some false beliefs are observed. Healthcare providers could successfully propose more evidence-based information to these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Veron
- Department of Cancer Medicine/Interception Programme, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - D Chaltiel
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Épidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - B Raynard
- Department of Care Pathways, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Réseau Nacre, France
| | - N Rassy
- Department of Cancer Medicine/Interception Programme, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - F Scotté
- Department of Care Pathways, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Charles
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center (U1219), University of Bordeaux, France
| | - M Pons
- Department of Care Pathways, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A De Jesus
- Patients' Committee, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - O Caron
- Department of Cancer Medicine/Interception Programme, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - S Delaloge
- Department of Cancer Medicine/Interception Programme, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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14
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Carruba MO, Ragni M, Ruocco C, Aliverti S, Silano M, Amico A, Vaccaro CM, Marangoni F, Valerio A, Poli A, Nisoli E. Role of Portion Size in the Context of a Healthy, Balanced Diet: A Case Study of European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5230. [PMID: 36982138 PMCID: PMC10049364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a generalised increase in food portion sizes has probably contributed to the growing global obesity epidemic. Increasing awareness of appropriate portion sizes could contribute to reversing this trend through better control of calorie intake. In this study, a comparison of standard portion sizes in European countries for various food categories shows a wide variability of their importance for food, nutrient, and energy consumption according to government and institutional websites. On the other hand, the overall averages appear to be largely in line with the values indicated by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, which is the most comprehensive and detailed document among those evaluated. The exceptions are milk and yoghurt, for which the reference portions in Europe are generally higher, and vegetables and legumes, for which portions are smaller than those reported in the Italian document. Moreover, the portion sizes of staple foods (e.g., pasta and potatoes) vary according to different food traditions. It is reasonable to consider that the creation of harmonised standard reference portions common to the European countries, based on international guidelines and scientific evidence, would significantly contribute to consumers' nutritional education and ability to make informed choices for a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele O. Carruba
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
| | - Sofia Aliverti
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Amico
- Health and Welfare Unit, Censis Foundation, Piazza di Novella, 2, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta M. Vaccaro
- Health and Welfare Unit, Censis Foundation, Piazza di Novella, 2, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Marangoni
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia, 38, 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milan, Italy; (M.O.C.)
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15
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Park K. The Role of Dietary Phytochemicals: Evidence from Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061371. [PMID: 36986101 PMCID: PMC10054640 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are biologically active substances derived from plants that play various roles in the human body [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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16
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Soft Drink Intake in Europe—A Review of Data from Nationally Representative Food Consumption Surveys. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061368. [PMID: 36986099 PMCID: PMC10051353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health interest in reducing the intake of sugar-sweetened soft drinks has resulted in various guidelines and initiatives related to their consumption, together with an increase in availability and sales of low and no-sugars versions. The aim of this review was to gain insight regarding individual-level amounts and types of soft drinks consumed across the lifecycle as reported in nationally representative surveys in Europe. The review highlighted significant gaps and challenges regarding the availability of recent country-specific soft drink consumption data including heterogeneity in categorisations used in reporting soft drinks. Nonetheless, crude estimates of mean intake (across countries) indicated that total soft drinks and soft drinks with sugars was highest in adolescents and lowest in infants/toddlers and older adults. For infants/toddlers, crude mean intakes of soft drinks with reduced/no sugars were higher than soft drinks with sugars. The review also found that consumption of total soft drinks is decreasing with a shift to consumption of soft drinks with reduced/no sugars in replacement of sugars-containing soft drinks. This review provides valuable insight into what data are currently available on soft drink consumption in Europe with heterogeneity in categorisations, terminology, and definitions of soft drinks observed.
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17
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Benedetti TRB, Christofoletti M, Quinaud RT, Ribeiro CG, Konrad LM, Carvalho HM, Jomori MM. Food consumption scale validation in VAMOS Program: a proposal to assess eating behavior changes in Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:619-630. [PMID: 36651412 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023282.11222022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the frequency consumption scale (FCS) and establish cut-off points to assess changes in the eating behavior of participants in the VAMOS Program. The study was based on a community intervention conducted in 2019 in 70 Brazilian cities, with 458 adults from Primary Care. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions about food frequency consumption. The questions were inserted into the analytical workflow, divided into the descriptive analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA), item response theory (IRT) modeling, and construction and validity of an applied questionnaire score. EFA indicated a two-factor structure, with three "healthy" (raw vegetables, fruits, and cooked vegetables) and three "unhealthy" (sugary drinks, sweets, and the replacement of meals with snacks) eating items. Items responses' probabilities indicate a daily consumption of two healthy and once or nonweekly consumption of unhealthy items. Finally, the four categories proposed for FCS can respond over time. Therefore, the FCS proposal can be used effectively for program nutrition evaluation. Furthermore, it is possible to attribute behavior change in Brazilian primary care users with six items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Marina Christofoletti
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Ricardo Teixeira Quinaud
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | | | - Lisandra Maria Konrad
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Humberto Moreira Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Manuela Mika Jomori
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
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18
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Micronutrient Profile and Carbohydrate Microstructure of Commercially Prepared and Home Prepared Infant Fruit and Vegetable Purees. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010045. [PMID: 36615703 PMCID: PMC9823441 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large variability exists in ingredient selection and preparation of home prepared infant purees and there is a lack of data on nutritional quality in comparison to commercially prepared purees. This work had two aims. Study 1 compared the nutritional value of commercially prepared and home prepared infant purees. Food profiles from national food composition databases were used as a proxy for home prepared puree and served as the benchmark for the commercially prepared infant purees. Study 2 focused on a subset of produce that underwent molecular weight analysis to determine differences in carbohydrate profiles. Eighty-eight percent of the measurable micronutrients fell within or above the home prepared norm range with micronutrients falling below the range explained by differences in soil and growing conditions. Physicochemical characterization showed similar carbohydrate profiles with >90% of the carbohydrate fraction in the water extract constituted by low molecular weight sugars for purees produced with home preparation and commercial preparation. The estimated glycemic load (eGL) showed comparable potential impact on blood sugar levels with all purees having a low eGL (<10 glucose equivalent). In conclusion, these data suggest that both preparations provide similar micronutrient density and carbohydrate profiles.
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19
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Corrêa Rezende JL, de Medeiros Frazão Duarte MC, Melo GRDAE, dos Santos LC, Toral N. Food-based dietary guidelines for children and adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1033580. [PMID: 36530736 PMCID: PMC9755327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1033580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at reviewing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) with content targeted at children and adolescents to present their main characteristics, thus enabling comparisons among countries. Design We conducted a search of the FBDGs available on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) website, followed by a scoping review with a gray literature search to find FBDGs for children or adolescents non-listed on the FAO's website. Data extraction included the year of publication, language, and guidelines for the target group. Results From FAO website searches, 109 documents were found, and 17 of them could not be translated. The Scoping review search conducted in 5,190 articles, and none led to new guidelines, nor from the gray literature. Regarding the 92 FBDGs explored, 41 were specific for infants under 24 months old, children, and/or adolescents, and 51 were for the general population with information for the studied group. Twelve percent of the general FBDG and 35% of the specific ones have food icons. All of the guidelines were published after 2001. Latin America and the Caribbean were the regions that presented more specific FBDGs and the majority of countries with guidelines for fruits and vegetables. The information about fat (15 countries) and sugar (26 countries) consumption reduction is frequent. Reduction of sodium intake appears to be in the majority of guidelines after 2015. Food hygiene guidelines are recurrent in Latin American documents. NOVA classification was adopted in five countries and 21 countries approach recommendations for mealtimes. Both exclusive and continued breastfeeding guidance and healthy complementary feeding orientation are present in over 50% of the specific FBDG for infants and children under 24 months old. Conclusion Food-based dietary guidelines are diverse due to both the nutritional and political aspects of each region. Latin America stands out for its orientations for the studied group. Further studies should measure the possible impacts and comprehension of FBDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natacha Toral
- Nutrition Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil,*Correspondence: Natacha Toral
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20
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Lee C, Kim S, Kim J, Lim C, Jung M. Challenges of diet planning for children using artificial intelligence. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:801-812. [PMID: 36467765 PMCID: PMC9702545 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Diet planning in childcare centers is difficult because of the required knowledge of nutrition and development as well as the high design complexity associated with large numbers of food items. Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to provide diet-planning solutions via automatic and effective application of professional knowledge, addressing the complexity of optimal diet design. This study presents the results of the evaluation of the utility of AI-generated diets for children and provides related implications. MATERIALS/METHODS We developed 2 AI solutions for children aged 3-5 yrs using a generative adversarial network (GAN) model and a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. After training these solutions to produce daily diet plans, experts evaluated the human- and AI-generated diets in 2 steps. RESULTS In the evaluation of adequacy of nutrition, where experts were provided only with nutrient information and no food names, the proportion of strong positive responses to RL-generated diets was higher than that of the human- and GAN-generated diets (P < 0.001). In contrast, in terms of diet composition, the experts' responses to human-designed diets were more positive when experts were provided with food name information (i.e., composition information). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the development and evaluation of AI to support dietary planning for children. This study demonstrates the possibility of developing AI-assisted diet planning methods for children and highlights the importance of composition compliance in diet planning. Further integrative cooperation in the fields of nutrition, engineering, and medicine is needed to improve the suitability of our proposed AI solutions and benefit children's well-being by providing high-quality diet planning in terms of both compositional and nutritional criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhun Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Soohyeok Kim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jayun Kim
- Kosin Innovative Smart Healthcare Research Center, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Chiehyeon Lim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Kosin Innovative Smart Healthcare Research Center, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
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21
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Rossi L, Martone D, Piccinelli R, Buonocore P, Ghiselli A. Considerations for the translation of nutrient recommendations as dietary plans for infants, children, and adolescents as reported in Italian Guidelines for healthy eating. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935963. [PMID: 36091229 PMCID: PMC9452650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy eating in childhood and adolescence is important for proper growth and development and to establish a healthy foundation for future dietary habits. This paper aims to describe the elaboration of dietary plans for pediatric ages highlighting critical points related to the application of the Italian nutrient recommendations. National databases on food composition data were used to compile the dietary plans. Starting from the definition of serving size for adults, the suggested portion size for pediatric ages was shaped to produce appropriate dietary plans according to the different classes of age. Items from “cereals and derivatives,” “milk,” “fruit,” “vegetables,” “olive oil,” and “water” groups were included daily. Pizza was included once a week. Sweets and snacks were gradually introduced, once a week in infants and up to five times a week in adolescents. Legumes were provided three times a week, as a source of vegetable and sustainable proteins. The main critical aspect of the dietary plans was related to the monotony, especially for snacks and breakfasts. This work demonstrated the limits of the translation of Italian nutrient recommendations into dietary plans for pediatric age groups. Keeping the protein intake in the recommended range of 8–12% of daily energy resulted in inadequate provision of calcium and iron. Other critical points were the reference values for body weight and physical activity. The proposed dietary plans are adequate with regard to food composition, the intake of energy and several nutrients, and in terms of food selection. However, their implementations require action, information, and advocacy.
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22
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How Do Consumers Understand Food Processing? A Study on the Brazilian Population. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162396. [PMID: 36010397 PMCID: PMC9407463 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food guides are official documents that guide consumers’ food choices. They inform the qualitative classification of food groups and messages on how to adopt a healthy diet. The classifications and nomenclatures adopted in these documents vary according to cultural, nutritional, and scientific criteria. This study aimed to evaluate the understanding of Brazilian consumers regarding food classification according to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (FGBP) concepts. An instrument was constructed to assess consumer understanding. It was named “Understanding of the Level of Processing of Food” (ULPF) and validated according to the concepts of constructs presented by psychometrics such as the Delphi methodology. The instrument was composed of 36 items approved by experts (concordance > 80% and with good internal consistency). A total of 2333 Brazilians from all regions participated in the study. The results suggest that food classification according to the level of processing was difficult for participants to understand. About 85% of them did not understand or did not know the definitions and classification of food and preparations according to food and science technology (FST) and the FGBP. More than 50% of the participants believed that it was easier to classify food according to food groups.
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23
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Huang X, Gao Y, Chen W, Hu Q, He Z, Wang X, Li D, Lin R. Dietary variety relates to gut microbiota diversity and abundance in humans. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3915-3928. [PMID: 35764724 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary variety in a Chinese population using Dietary Variety Score (DVS), an index of dietary variety, as little has studied the relationship of dietary variety and gut microbiota in a general population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, recruited participants were conducted with face-to-face interview to collect information on 24-h food intake and dietary consumption using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Subjects (n = 128) were divided as high and low DVS groups by the median of DVS after rigorously matching for confounding factors. The gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the correlations between key phylotypes and DVS, Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) and clinical indices were examined using generalized linear model in negative binomial regression. RESULTS Higher score of DVS, INQVB6, INQVE and INQZn exhibited higher α-diversity. DVS was correlated with INQ and six genera. Among the DVS-correlated genera, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Barnesiella were positively correlated with INQVE, INQZn and INQCu, individually or in combination, while Cetobacterium was negatively correlated with INQCu, INQZn and INQVE. The abundance of Coprococcus and Barnesiella increased with the elevated cumulative scores of INQVE, INQVB6 and INQZn. The combination of Alistipes, Roseburia and Barnesiella could moderately predict dietary variety status. CONCLUSION Higher DVS was correlated with higher microbial diversity and more abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria but with less some potentially pathogenic bacteria. A high variety dietary, therefore, should be recommended in our daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongfen Gao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wanrong Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiantu Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zouyan He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning Second Peoples Hospital, Nanning, 530031, China.
| | - Rui Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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24
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Rossi L, Berni Canani S, Censi L, Gennaro L, Leclercq C, Scognamiglio U, Sette S, Ghiselli A. The 2018 Revision of Italian Dietary Guidelines: Development Process, Novelties, Main Recommendations, and Policy Implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861526. [PMID: 35399680 PMCID: PMC8990302 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fourth edition of the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDGs) for Healthy Eating was published in 2019. The objective of this paper is to describe the developmental process of IDGs, the main recommendations, the differences with previous revisions, and the concordance and differences with international guidance on a healthy diet. A National Commission oversaw IDG development. A Scientific Dossier (SD), including analysis on nutrition, health, and risk factors status in Italy, was the reference for IDGs preparation. The IDGs are based on the principles of the Mediterranean Diet and are mainly aimed to prevent obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. The IDGs included 13 directives that were divided into four conceptual blocks: i) how to balance weight; ii) foods to be promoted; iii) foods to be limited; and iv) how to ensure a varied and sustainable diet. Each directive has a box summarizing the key recommendation, myths lists, and false beliefs to be dispelled. The topics of sustainability and the correct approach to food supplementation and weight-loss diet were introduced in the present edition of IDGs. This paper contributes to the debate on the complexity of derivation of Dietary Guidelines and their adaptation to the national context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rossi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Sibilla Berni Canani
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gennaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine Leclercq
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Scognamiglio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sette
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiselli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
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25
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Kollmann J, Benyamini Y, Lages NC, Renner B. The Role of Personal Risk Experience-An Investigation of Health and Terrorism Risk Perception in Germany and Israel. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:818-829. [PMID: 34402541 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between risk experience and risk perceptions in relation to the target (risk to the self vs. others) and for two different types of risk: acute risks (i.e., terrorist attacks) and cumulative health risks (i.e., alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, and unhealthy eating) in two countries (Israel and Germany). An online survey (N = 571) was conducted to assess participants' previous personal experience with acute and cumulative risks and their personal and general risk perceptions. The results showed that personal experience with terrorism was related to increased personal and general risk perceptions, while personal experience with cumulative health risks was related to increased personal but not general risk perceptions. It is argued that an increase in risk perception with more risk experience can be explained by the amount of available information about people's personal as well as other people's risk status. The findings emphasize that the experience-risk perception relationship depends on the target of the risk and the type of risk experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josianne Kollmann
- Psychological Assessment & Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadine C Lages
- Psychological Assessment & Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Renner
- Psychological Assessment & Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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26
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Liu D, Zhang WT, Wang JH, Shen D, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Chen PL, Zhang XR, Huang QM, Zhong WF, Shi XM, Mao C. Association between Dietary Diversity Changes and Cognitive Impairment among Older People: Findings from a Nationwide Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:1251. [PMID: 35334911 PMCID: PMC8952508 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of dietary diversity changes in affecting cognitive function among older people. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary diversity scores (DDS) changes with cognitive impairment among older adults in a large prospective cohort. METHODS Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. A total of 9726 participants without Parkinson's disease, dementia, or cognitive impairment were enrolled at baseline. Nine food groups were collected using simplified FFQ at baseline and follow-up surveys. Then nine food groups change patterns and DDS change patterns (overall, plant-based and animal-based) were assessed. The associations of above DDS changes patterns with subsequent cognitive impairment were evaluated. A multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and 95%CIs. RESULTS We documented 2805 cognitive impairments during 52,325 person-years of follow-up. Compared to high-to-high overall DDS change patterns, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95%CI) for high-to-medium, medium-to-medium, medium-to-low, low-to-medium and low-to-low DDS change patterns were 1.33 (1.12-1.57), 1.11 (0.94-1.32), 1.61 (1.39-1.86), 2.00 (1.66-2.40), 2.30 (1.90-2.78) and 2.80 (2.23-3.53), respectively. Compared with participants with stable DDS change pattern, those who in large improvement of DDS had a 13% lower risk of cognitive impairment (HRs, 0.87; 95%CI: 0.78-0.98). The associations of plant-based DDS, animal-based DDS, or nine food groups DDS change patterns with cognitive impairment were in a similar direction to the main result. CONCLUSIONS Protective associations between maintaining high DDS and a reduced risk of cognitive impairment were observed. In contrast, lowering or maintaining a lower DDS increases the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Pei-Liang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Xi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Qing-Mei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (D.L.); (W.-T.Z.); (J.-H.W.); (D.S.); (P.-D.Z.); (Z.-H.L.); (P.-L.C.); (X.-R.Z.); (Q.-M.H.); (W.-F.Z.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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27
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Combinatorial interactive effect of vegetable and condiments with potato on starch digestibility and estimated in vitro glycemic response. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Zaharieva DP, Riddell MC. Advances in Exercise and Nutrition as Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2022; 24:S129-S142. [PMID: 35475701 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2022.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dessi P Zaharieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- LMC Diabetes & Endocrinology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Santos L. The impact of nutrition and lifestyle modification on health. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 97:18-25. [PMID: 34670680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main recommendations from public health entities include healthy diets and physical activity as the main lifestyle factors impacting the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and even neurological diseases. Randomized clinical trials have been designed to demonstrate those lifestyle modifications can change the pattern of chronic diseases development and progression. Among these, nutrition is one of the most impacting factors. Therefore, nutrition and diets were also included in different randomized clinical trials, and most of them showed a favorable impact of nutrition modification on the participant's health. Nevertheless, study designs were considerably different, and future studies are needed to support nutrition modifications further. The choice of a healthy considered diet, like the Mediterranean diet, was shown to impact chronic diseases, cardiovascular risk, and adult life expectancy mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, a high intake of fibers, fruits, and vegetables together with a low intake of fat and energy-dense, processed foods contribute to an inflammation reduction and a more robust immune system leading. Besides these well-known properties, all lifestyle modifications must be personalized according to the availability of foods, geographic localizations, and the healthy status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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30
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Bennett G, Bardon LA, Gibney ER. A Comparison of Dietary Patterns and Factors Influencing Food Choice among Ethnic Groups Living in One Locality: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050941. [PMID: 35267916 PMCID: PMC8912306 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the number of minority ethnic groups in high-income countries is increasing. However, despite this demographic change, most national food consumption surveys are not representative of ethnically diverse populations. In consequence, many ethnic minorities' dietary intakes are underreported, meaning that accurate analysis of food intake and nutrient status among these groups is not possible. This systematic review aims to address these gaps and understand differences in dietary intakes and influencers of dietary habits of ethnic groups worldwide. A systematic search was conducted through three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus) and manual searches, generating n = 56,647 results. A final search of these databases was completed on 13 September 2021, resulting in a total of 49 studies being included in this review. Overall, food group intakes-particularly fruit, vegetable and fish intake-and diet quality scores were seen to differ between ethnicities. Overall Black/African American groups were reported to be among the poorest consumers of fruit and vegetables, whilst Asian groups achieved high diet quality scores due to higher fish intakes and lower fat intakes compared to other groups. Limited data investigated how nutrient intakes, dietary and meal patterns compared between groups, meaning that not all aspects of dietary intake could be compared. Socioeconomic status and food availability appeared to be associated with food choice of ethnic groups, however, confounding factors should be considered more closely. Future work should focus on comparing nutrient intakes and meal patterns between ethnicities and investigate potential targeted interventions which may support adherence to food-based dietary guidelines by all ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Bennett
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.B.); (L.A.B.)
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura A. Bardon
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.B.); (L.A.B.)
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.B.); (L.A.B.)
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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31
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Lal MK, Singh B, Tiwari RK, Kumar S, S G, Gaikwad K, Kumar A, Paul V, Singh MP. Interactive Effect of Retrogradation and Addition of Pulses, Cooking Oil on Predicted Glycemic Index and Resistant Starch of Potato. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Insitute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
- Division of Crop Physiology Biochemistry and Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR‐CPRI) Shimla Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology Biochemistry and Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR‐CPRI) Shimla Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Insitute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
- Division of Crop Physiology Biochemistry and Post‐Harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR‐CPRI) Shimla Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Insitute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Gopalakrishnan S
- Division of Genetics ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Kishore Gaikwad
- ICAR‐National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR‐NIPB) New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute, (ICAR‐NRRI) Cuttack 753006 India
| | - Vijay Paul
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Insitute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology ICAR‐Indian Agricultural Research Insitute (ICAR‐IARI) New Delhi 110012 India
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32
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Amorim A, Barbosa ADH, Sobral PJDA. Hunger, Obesity, Public Policies, and Food-Based Dietary Guidelines: A Reflection Considering the Socio-Environmental World Context. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805569. [PMID: 35118106 PMCID: PMC8804338 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the world has been characterized by hunger, obesity, and food loss and waste (FLW). With the COVID-19 pandemic, the food issue became more intense, serious, and evident. Hunger demands urgent actions. Obesity levels have been raised and are removing health and quality of life from the population. Production planting practices and the food supply chain are not necessarily ecologically friendly. Sustainability issues greatly intensify social problems. As well as food loss (FL), food waste (FW), and sustainability concerns, obesity, and malnutrition are enhanced due to the lack of knowledge by the population. Processed food (PF), packaging, and additives, despite still needing improvement, are essential to food security control. Nowadays, hunger is not due to insufficient agricultural practices but rather to inequality and absence of adequate public policies. In the context of a certain abundance of food production and processing, the hunger scenario in contrast to FLW is an ethical, social, moral, and sustainable issue. In this context, a Food-Based Dietary Guideline (FBDG) can be an important public policy tool from the health, nutrition, environmental, and educational points of view. Despite the effort, the literature shows that FBDGs can be better used to fulfill healthiness and sustainability purposes. In this scenario, the elaboration/revision of the FBDG, adopting a clearer, simpler, and a better-suited communication strategy is essential. In this way, this article discusses the importance of the FBDG as a public policy tool, not only regarding health issues but also communication strategies, production sustainability, and humanitarian ones, which are crucial to FBDG's efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amorim
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hata T, Seino S, Yokoyama Y, Narita M, Nishi M, Hida A, Shinkai S, Kitamura A, Fujiwara Y. Interaction of Eating Status and Dietary Variety on Incident Functional Disability among Older Japanese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:698-705. [PMID: 35842760 PMCID: PMC9209632 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether eating status and dietary variety were associated with functional disability during a 5-year follow-up analysis of older adults living in a Japanese metropolitan area. DESIGN A 5-year follow-up study. SETTING Ota City, Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10,308 community-dwelling non-disabled adults aged 65-84 years. MEASUREMENTS Eating status was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score (DVS). Based on the responses, participants were classified according to eating alone or together and DVS categories (low: 0-3; high: 4-10). Functional disability incidence was prospectively identified using the long-term care insurance system's nationally unified database. Multilevel survival analyses calculated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident functional disability. RESULTS During a 5-year follow-up, 1,991 (19.3%) individuals had functional disabilities. Eating status or DVS were not independently associated with incident functional disability. However, interaction terms between eating status and DVS were associated with functional disability; HR (95% CI) for eating together and low DVS was 1.00 (0.90-1.11), eating alone and high DVS was 0.95 (0.77-1.17), and eating alone and low DVS was 1.20 (1.02-1.42), compared to those with eating together and high DVS. CONCLUSION Older adults should avoid eating alone or increase dietary variety to prevent functional disability. This can be ensured by providing an environment of eating together or food provision services for eating a variety of foods in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hata
- Yoshinori Fujiwara, MD, PhD., Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, E-mail: , Phone: +81 (3) 3964-3241 ext. 4257, Fax: +81 (3) 3579-4776
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Abe T, Seino S, Tomine Y, Nishi M, Hata T, Shinkai S, Fujiwara Y, Kitamura A. Identifying the specific associations between participation in social activities and healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults. Maturitas 2021; 155:24-31. [PMID: 34876246 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the longitudinal association between participation in social activities and healthy lifestyle behaviours. STUDY DESIGN This 2-year follow-up study used data from 6168 older adults (73.5 ± 5.3 years; 49% men). We studied participation in five types of social activities at baseline: participation in volunteer, sports, hobbies, senior clubs, and neighbourhood-association groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The healthy lifestyle behaviours were physical activity (time spent walking: ≥150 min/week; or less), eating habits (dietary variety score: ≥4 points; or less), and intellectual activity (subcomponents of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence: 4 points; or less). RESULTS In the follow-up survey, 19% of participants were physically inactive, 53% had unfavourable eating habits, and 34% had diminished intellectual activity. Multilevel modified Poisson regression analysis showed that participation in sports groups was associated with a lower relative risk (RR) of physical inactivity (RR=0.82 [0.72, 0.93]) and unfavourable eating habits (RR=0.95 [0.90, 1.00]). Participation in hobby groups reduced the RR of unfavourable eating habits (RR=0.93 [0.90, 0.97]) and diminished intellectual activity (RR=0.90 [0.85, 0.96]). Participation in volunteering was associated with a lower RR of diminished intellectual activity (RR=0.84 [0.75, 0.95]). Relative to non-participation, participating in two or more social activities was associated with a 9% (95% CI: 0.83, 1.00) lower RR for physical inactivity, a 12% (95% CI: 0.82, 0.95) lower RR for unfavourable eating habits, and a 17% (95% CI: 0.77, 0.89) lower RR for diminished intellectual activity. CONCLUSIONS Both the nature and the number of social activities determine the longitudinal effects of social participation on healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yui Tomine
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Mariko Nishi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshiki Hata
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Department of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado City, Saitama prefecture 350-0288, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Napier C, Grobbelaar H, Oldewage-Theron W. An introduction to the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Elderly in South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1950376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carin Napier
- Department of Food & Nutrition Consumer Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heleen Grobbelaar
- Department of Food & Nutrition Consumer Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Bergman K, Nowicka P, Eli K, Lövestam E. "Writing nutritionistically": A critical discourse analysis of lay people's digital correspondence with the Swedish Food Agency. Health (London) 2021; 26:554-570. [PMID: 34542352 PMCID: PMC9344565 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211038533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article analyzes lay people’s use of nutritionistic discourse in written
correspondence with the Swedish Food Agency, an authority responsible for
dietary advice. Examining 60 food related written digital messages, we apply a
critical discourse analysis to parse the lexical items and grammar people use
when constructing “food” in scientific terms. The findings show how message
writers place nutrients at the discursive center. Message writers’ grammatical
constructions instrumentalize food and eating. This is reinforced by the message
writers’ frequent use of terms that indicate preciseness, such as numbers and
amounts. Messages therefore emphasize the what, but not the how, of eating,
implying a focus on food as subject to regulation and control. As such, eating
is discursively reduced to an act of ingesting nutrients that can be
decontextualized and managed in isolation—as entities to increase or avoid
separately. These discursive features preclude the conceptualization of food
choice and eating as subjective experiences of feelings, taste, and
tradition.
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Xu Y, Zeng L, Zou K, Shan S, Wang X, Xiong J, Zhao L, Zhang L, Cheng G. Role of dietary factors in the prevention and treatment for depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective studies. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:478. [PMID: 34531367 PMCID: PMC8445939 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of diet in depression is becoming increasingly acknowledged. This umbrella review aimed to summarize comprehensively the current evidence reporting the effects of dietary factors on the prevention and treatment of depression. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2021 to identify relevant meta-analyses of prospective studies. Twenty-eight meta-analyses, with 40 summary estimates on dietary patterns (n = 8), food and beverages (n = 19), and nutrients (n = 13) were eligible. The methodological quality of most meta-analyses was low (50.0%) or very low (25.0%). Quality of evidence was moderate for inverse associations for depression incidence with healthy diet [risk ratio (RR): 0.74, 95% confidential interval (CI), 0.48-0.99, I2 = 89.8%], fish (RR: 0.88, 95% CI, 0.79-0.97, I2 = 0.0%), coffee (RR: 0.89, 95% CI, 0.84-0.94, I2 = 32.9%), dietary zinc (RR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.82, I2 = 13.9%), light to moderate alcohol (<40 g/day, RR: 0.77, 95% CI, 0.74-0.83, I2 = 20.5%), as well as for positive association with sugar-sweetened beverages (RR: 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01-1.09, I2 = 0.0%). For depression treatment, moderate-quality evidence was identified for the effects of probiotic [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.31, 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.07, I2 = 48.2%], omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (SMD: -0.28, 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.09, I2 = 75.0%) and acetyl-L-carnitine (SMD: -1.10, 95% CI, -1.65 to -0.56, I2 = 86.0%) supplementations. Overall, the associations between dietary factors and depression had been extensively evaluated, but none of them were rated as high quality of evidence, suggesting further studies are likely to change the summary estimates. Thus, more well-designed research investigating more detailed dietary factors in association with depression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Nutrition, Food Safety, and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Cámara M, Giner RM, González-Fandos E, López-García E, Mañes J, Portillo MP, Rafecas M, Domínguez L, Martínez JA. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: A Comparative Analysis to Update AESAN Scientific Committee Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093131. [PMID: 34579007 PMCID: PMC8471688 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) include dietary recommendations based on food groups according to the general and accepted nutrition principles and current scientific evidence. Adoption of FBDG contributes to the prevention of malnutrition in all its forms, promotes human health, and reduces environmental impact. The present review aims to perform an international comparative analysis of the FBDG adopted in different countries from three different continents (America, Asia, and Europe), with particular reference to the Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency (AESAN, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición) Scientific Committee dietary recommendations. A total of twelve countries with the most updated FBDG and/or closest to the traditional and cultural preferences of Spain were finally selected. All the reviewed FBDG provided recommendations for fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, milk and dairy products, meat and derivatives, fish, eggs, water, and oil; however, remarkable differences regarding recommended amounts were found among countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaña Cámara
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-394-1802; Fax: +34-91-394-1799
| | - Rosa María Giner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Elena González-Fandos
- Department of Food Technology, CIVA Research Center, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Esther López-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, and BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Rafecas
- Departament de Nutrition, Food Science and Gastonomy, Faculty of Farmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Laura Domínguez
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Food-based dietary guidelines in Spain: an assessment of their methodological quality. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:350-359. [PMID: 34282294 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) have been developed to promote healthy diets and prevent chronic diseases. However, the methodological quality of Spanish FBDGs has not been systematically assessed yet. The objective of this review is to identify and assess the methodological quality of Spanish FBDGs, as well as to describe their food guides and key recommendations. METHODS We conducted a systematic search to identify Spanish FBDGs targeted at the general population using multiple sources. Two authors independently screened the references, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the FBDGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX) instruments. We performed a descriptive analysis of the FBDGs. RESULTS We included 19 FBDGs, published between 2007 and 2019. The median scores for each AGREE II domain were: "scope and purpose" 44% (Q1-Q3: 33-61%); "Stakeholder involvement" 31% (11-44%), "rigor of development" 3% (1-14%); "clarity of presentation" 42% (33-47%), "applicability" 0% (0-6%); and "editorial independence" 0% (0-8%). Six FBDGs (32%; 6/19) were categorized as "recommended with modifications", and the rest (68%; 13/19) as "not recommended". None of the FBDGs scored ≥60% in three or more domains, including the "rigor of development" domain. FBDGs indexed in literature databases scored significantly higher in overall rating than those not indexed (P = 0.023). The majority of FBDGs (74%; 14/19) used the pyramid as a food guide representation with a larger number of food levels (3-7 levels). The majority of FBDGs recommended a daily intake of cereals and grains, vegetables, fruits, olive oil and dairy products; a weekly intake of vegetable and animal proteins; and the occasional and limited intake of other food groups (e.g., ultraprocessed foods). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the methodological quality of FBDGs is poor showing that only 32% of FBDGs are "recommended for use with modifications". Our results highlight the need to revise, systematize and improve FBDG development processes in Spain.
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Martini D, Tucci M, Bradfield J, Di Giorgio A, Marino M, Del Bo’ C, Porrini M, Riso P. Principles of Sustainable Healthy Diets in Worldwide Dietary Guidelines: Efforts So Far and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:1827. [PMID: 34071933 PMCID: PMC8228140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choices and eating behaviours have a large impact on both human and planetary health. Recently, the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Health Organisation have developed a list of 16 guiding principles to achieve sustainable healthy diets (SHDs). They proposed that development of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) should be a core element in the implementation of these SHDs in each country. The objective of this review is to explore the degree of alignment of current FBDGs to these guiding principles. A total of 43 FBDGs, written or translated into English, were collected from the online repository developed by the FAO and were analysed for their adherence to each of the guiding principles. Results were stratified for period of publication and geographical macro-area. Overall, there were high levels of inclusion of the factors related to health outcomes, especially in the most recent FBDGs. Conversely, environmental impact and socio-cultural aspects of diet were considered less frequently, especially in the older FBDGs. These results highlight the importance of revising FBDGs, especially to include emerging topics which represent the areas with the highest scope for improvement in the future versions of FBDGs. Replication of the present study in the coming years will be worthwhile to monitor improvements in the adherence of global FBDGs to the guiding principles of SHDs. The attainment of such a goal could promote a more rapid transition towards SHDs, as well as highlighting pivotal research trajectories to increase adoption and evaluate the impact on the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - James Bradfield
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK;
| | - Antonio Di Giorgio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.T.); (A.D.G.); (M.M.); (C.D.B.); (P.R.)
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Prospective association between adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and risk of death, CVD and cancer in the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:619-629. [PMID: 34016201 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, such as cancers and CVD, represent a major public health concern, and diet is an important factor in their development. French dietary recommendations were updated in 2017, and an adherence score, the Programme National Nutrition Santé Guidelines Score (PNNS-GS2), has been developed and validated using a standardised procedure. The present study aimed to analyse the prospective association between PNNS-GS2 and the risk of death, cancer and CVD. Our sample consisted of French adults included in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort (n 67 748, 75 634 and 80 269 for the risk of death, cancer and CVD, respectively). PNNS-GS2 (range: -∞ to 14·25) was calculated from the 24-h dietary records of the first 2 years of monitoring. Association between PNNS-GS2 (in quintiles, Q) and the risk of death, cancer and CVD was studied using Cox models adjusted for the main confounding factors. The sample included 78 % of women, aged on average 44·4 years (sd 14·6) with on average 6·6 (sd 2·3) dietary records. Average PNNS-GS2 was 1·5 (sd 3·4) and median follow-up was 6·6 years for cancers and 6·2 years for CVD and deaths. PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with the risk of death (hazard ratio (HR)Q5vsQ1: 0·77 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·00), 828 cases), cancer (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0·80 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·92), 2577 cases) and CVD (HRQ5vsQ1 0·64 (95 % CI 0·51, 0·81), 964 cases). More specifically, PNNS-GS2 was significantly associated with colorectal and breast cancer risks but not prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that strong adherence to the 2017 French dietary recommendations is associated with a lower risk of death, cancer or CVD. This reinforces the validity of these new recommendations and will help to promote their dissemination.
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Grains on the brain: A survey of dog owner purchasing habits related to grain-free dry dog foods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250806. [PMID: 34010328 PMCID: PMC8133411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain-free pet food options abound in the pet food market today, representing more than 40% of available dry dog foods in the United States. There is currently a dearth of information about the factors that contribute to a dog owner’s choice of a grain-free dry dog food and if those factors are similar among countries. Therefore, the primary objective of the current survey was to identify the variables that are predictive of a dog owner’s choice of a grain-free dry food across North America (Canada and the United States) and Europe (France, the United Kingdom and Germany). The survey consisted of 69 questions, took less than 15 minutes to complete and was distributed virtually via Qualtrics (Qualtrics XM, Utah, USA). A total of 3,298 responses were collected, equally distributed between countries. Multinomial logistic regression was performed in SPSS Statistics (Version 26, IBM Corp, North Castle, New York, USA). Male respondents, people from France, people who ranked the importance of ingredients in a pet food in the lower quartiles and people who do not rotate their dog’s diet to provide variety were less likely to select ‘no grain’ when choosing a pet food. In contrast, people who believe that their dog has a food allergy, follow more than 5 specific dietary routines in their own diet, do not try to include grains in their own diet, get their information about pet food from online resources or pet store staff and look for specific claims on pet food (such as ‘no fillers’), were all more likely to select ‘no grain’ when choosing a pet food. This survey provides insight into the similarities and differences in decision making among dog owners in North America and Europe and should be considered when exploring the effects of grain-free dog foods on canine health and well-being.
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Association of dietary diversity changes and mortality among older people: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2620-2629. [PMID: 33933728 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between dietary diversity (DD) changes and mortality remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between DD changes and all-cause mortality among older people. METHODS A total of 17,959 participants with a mean age of 84.8 years old were enrolled at baseline. Food groups were collected at baseline and follow-up using simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and then overall, plant-based and animal-based dietary diversity score (DDS) were calculated. DDS changes were calculated using DDS at baseline and the first follow-up. The association between three DDS changes (overall, plant-based and animal-based DDS) and subsequent all-cause mortality were evaluated. Nonparametrically restricted cubic splines and a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We documented 12,974 deaths over a 129,590 person-years of follow up. Compared with high-to-high DDS pattern, participants with lower overall DDS patterns had increased mortality risk with HRs (95%CI) of 1.39 (1.29-1.49), 1.53 (1.37-1.70), 1.38 (1.18-1.60) and 1.55 (1.31-1.83) for medium-to-medium, low-to-low, low-to-high and high-to-low patterns, respectively. And compared with high-to-high DDS pattern, the estimates were 1.34 (1.23-1.46), 1.49 (1.35-1.65), 1.43 (1.23-1.67) and 1.62 (1.40-1.88) for plant-based DDS, and 1.23 (1.15-1.31), 1.29 (1.20-1.40), 1.24 (1.12-1.37) and 1.28 (1.15-1.44) for animal-based DDS for medium-to-medium, low-to-low, low-to-high and high-to-low patterns, respectively. There was a U-shaped association between DDS change scores and mortality, and compared with participants with whose DDS remained stable, those with extreme declines and extreme improvements had higher risks of mortality with HRs (95% CI) of 1.15 (1.09-1.22) and 1.11 (1.04-1.17). CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a lower DDS, extreme declines and extreme improvements in DDS were all associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
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Relative Validity of MijnEetmeter: A Food Diary App for Self-Monitoring of Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041135. [PMID: 33808209 PMCID: PMC8066644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of intake of energy, nutrients and food groups assessed with MijnEetmeter food diary as compared to 24-h dietary recalls, and if this differed between experienced and new users. One hundred men and women aged 18–70 y participated, of whom 47 had prior experience with the tool. Participants kept MijnEetmeter on three days. Trained dietitians called them three times for a 24-h dietary recall interview, once recalling food consumption on the same day as the food recording in MijnEetmeter. Systematic differences and correlations were assessed, and Bland–Altman plots were created; both for 3-day mean intakes and for intakes on the same day. Relative to 24-h dietary recalls, MijnEetmeter underestimated consumption of drinks, added fat, cereal products, and potatoes. Relative underestimation was observed for energy intake (6%) and about half of the nutrients. Experienced MijnEetmeter users underestimated intake the least. For intake of energy and six key nutrients, correlations between 3-day mean intakes were above 0.7 except for sodium intake. In conclusion, MijnEetmeter moderately underestimates intakes of energy and some nutrients and food groups. To improve the self-monitoring of dietary intake, it is recommended that the users record food consumption for several days and that the apps probes for easily forgotten foods and drinks.
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Phillips NE, Mareschal J, Schwab N, Manoogian ENC, Borloz S, Ostinelli G, Gauthier-Jaques A, Umwali S, Gonzalez Rodriguez E, Aeberli D, Hans D, Panda S, Rodondi N, Naef F, Collet TH. The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating versus Standard Dietary Advice on Weight, Metabolic Health and the Consumption of Processed Food: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial in Community-Based Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1042. [PMID: 33807102 PMCID: PMC8004978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. The goals of our study were two-fold. First, we characterised the relationships between eating duration, unprocessed and processed food consumption and metabolic health. During 4 weeks of observation, 213 adults used a smartphone application to record food and drink consumption, which was annotated for food processing levels following the NOVA classification. Low consumption of unprocessed food and low physical activity showed significant associations with multiple MS components. Second, in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we compared the metabolic benefits of 12 h time-restricted eating (TRE) to standard dietary advice (SDA) in 54 adults with an eating duration > 14 h and at least one MS component. After 6 months, those randomised to TRE lost 1.6% of initial body weight (SD 2.9, p = 0.01), compared to the absence of weight loss with SDA (-1.1%, SD 3.5, p = 0.19). There was no significant difference in weight loss between TRE and SDA (between-group difference -0.88%, 95% confidence interval -3.1 to 1.3, p = 0.43). Our results show the potential of smartphone records to predict metabolic health and highlight that further research is needed to improve individual responses to TRE such as a shorter eating window or its actual clock time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Edward Phillips
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.E.P.); (F.N.)
| | - Julie Mareschal
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Nathalie Schwab
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (G.O.); (A.G.-J.); (S.U.)
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylvie Borloz
- Service of Paediatrics, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Giada Ostinelli
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (G.O.); (A.G.-J.); (S.U.)
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center (Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Pneumologie et Cardiologie de Québec), Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- School of Nutrition (École de Nutrition), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Aude Gauthier-Jaques
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (G.O.); (A.G.-J.); (S.U.)
| | - Sylvie Umwali
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (G.O.); (A.G.-J.); (S.U.)
- Service of Obstetrics, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bone Diseases, Service of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.G.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Aeberli
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Didier Hans
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bone Diseases, Service of Rheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.G.R.); (D.H.)
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (E.N.C.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.E.P.); (F.N.)
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.S.); (G.O.); (A.G.-J.); (S.U.)
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Würtz AML, Jakobsen MU, Bertoia ML, Hou T, Schmidt EB, Willett WC, Overvad K, Sun Q, Manson JE, Hu FB, Rimm EB. Replacing the consumption of red meat with other major dietary protein sources and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:612-621. [PMID: 33094800 PMCID: PMC7948828 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater consumption of red meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A decreased intake of red meat and simultaneous increased intake of other high-protein foods may be associated with a lower risk of T2DM. These analyses of specific food replacements for red meat may provide more accurate dietary advice. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between a decrease in intake of red meat accompanied by an increase in other major dietary protein sources and risk of T2DM. METHODS We prospectively followed 27,634 males in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 46,023 females in the Nurses' Health Study, and 75,196 females in the Nurses' Health Study II. Diet was assessed by a validated FFQ and updated every 4 y. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for T2DM risk factors were used to model the food replacements. We calculated HRs and 95% CIs for the T2DM risk associated with replacements of 1 daily serving of red meat with another protein source. RESULTS During 2,113,245 person-years of follow-up, we identified 8763 incident T2DM cases from 1990 to 2013. In the pooled analyses, a decrease in total red meat intake during a 4-y period replaced with another common protein food was associated with a lower risk of T2DM in the subsequent 4-y period. The HR (95% CI) per 1 serving/d was 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) for poultry, 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for seafood, 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for low-fat dairy, 0.82 (0.77, 0.86) for high-fat dairy, 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) for eggs, 0.89 (0.82, 0.98) for legumes, and 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) for nuts. The associations were present for both unprocessed and processed red meat, although stronger for the replacement of processed red meat. CONCLUSIONS Replacing red meat consumption with other protein sources was associated with a lower risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette L Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianne U Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monica L Bertoia
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Russo GL, Siani A, Fogliano V, Geleijnse JM, Giacco R, Giampaoli S, Iacoviello L, Kromhout D, Lionetti L, Naska A, Pellegrini N, Riccardi G, Sofi F, Vitale M, Strazzullo P. The Mediterranean diet from past to future: Key concepts from the second "Ancel Keys" International Seminar. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:717-732. [PMID: 33558092 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 celebrated the tenth anniversary of the recognition of the Mediterranean Diet as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee. This event represented a milestone in the history of nutrition, as the Mediterranean diet was the first traditional food practice to receive such award. Since then, a lot has been discussed not only on the beneficial aspects of the Mediterranean diet, but also on its complex role as a lifestyle model that includes a set of skills, knowledge and intercultural dialogue. This process ended up with the recognition in 2019 of Mediterranean diet as a possibly universal model of healthy diet from the EAT-Lancet Commission. These concepts were widely debated at the 2019 "Ancel Keys" International Seminar, held in Ascea (Italy) (for more information see: www.mediterraneandietseminar.org) with the aim to stimulate interest and awareness of a young group of participants on the current problems inherent to the effective implementation of the Mediterranean diet. The present article collects the contributions of several lecturers at the Seminar on key issues such as methodological and experimental approach, sustainability, molecular aspects in disease prevention, future exploitation, without neglecting a historical view of the Seven Countries Study. From the Seminar conclusions emerged a still vibrant and modern role of Mediterranean diet. The years to come will see national and international efforts to reduce the barriers that limit adherence to Mediterranean diet in order to plan for multi-factorial and targeted interventions that would guide our populations to a sustainable healthy living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Siani
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Former director of the Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Dėdelė A, Bartkutė Ž, Chebotarova Y, Miškinytė A. The Relationship Between the Healthy Diet Index, Chronic Diseases, Obesity and Lifestyle Risk Factors Among Adults in Kaunas City, Lithuania. Front Nutr 2021; 8:599567. [PMID: 33748171 PMCID: PMC7973094 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.599567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor contributing to overall health and wellness. The aim of this study was to develop a Healthy Diet Index (HDI) score and assess its association with various chronic diseases and lifestyle risk factors. A cross-sectional survey included 1,111 adults aged 18 years and older. Information on dietary habits was collected using a questionnaire. Additional demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors data were also collected. Sixteen food groups were used to develop the HDI score for the residents of Kaunas city, Lithuania based on the national recommendations, World Health Organization (WHO) and other guidance on a healthy diet. We used logistic regression models to assess the association of the HDI score with chronic diseases, obesity and lifestyle risk factors. We found that both males and females were lacking the optimal consumption of the base components of a healthy diet-fruits and vegetables, starchy carbohydrates, and proteins. We also observed significant associations between the HDI score and several outcomes such as hypertension, arrhythmia, physical activity, and obesity. The suggested HDI score could serve as a valuable tool in assessing and improving dietary habits beneficial for promoting health and preventing many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Dėdelė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Žydrūnė Bartkutė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Yevheniia Chebotarova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Miškinytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Verger EO, Le Port A, Borderon A, Bourbon G, Moursi M, Savy M, Mariotti F, Martin-Prevel Y. Dietary Diversity Indicators and Their Associations with Dietary Adequacy and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1659-1672. [PMID: 33684194 PMCID: PMC8483968 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary diversity has long been recognized as a key component of diet quality and many dietary diversity indicators (DDIs) have been developed. This systematic scoping review aimed to present a comprehensive inventory of DDIs and summarize evidence linking DDIs and dietary adequacy or health outcomes in adolescents and adults. Two search strategies were developed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English up until June 2018 and were applied to Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. A 2-stage screening process was used to select the studies to be reviewed. Four types of DDIs were identified among 161 articles, the majority of them belonging to the food group-based indicator type (n = 106 articles). Fifty studies indicated that DDIs were proxies of nutrient adequacy, but there was a lack of evidence about their relation with nutrients to limit. Associations between DDIs and health outcomes were largely inconsistent among 137 studies, especially when the outcomes studied were body weight (n = 60) and noncommunicable diseases (n = 41). We conclude that the ability of DDIs to reflect diet quality was found to be principally limited to micronutrient adequacy and that DDIs do not readily relate to health outcomes. These findings have implications for studies in low- and lower-middle-income economies where DDIs are often used to assess dietary patterns and overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnes Le Port
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Augustin Borderon
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Savy
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Yves Martin-Prevel
- MoISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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50
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Jayawardena R, Swarnamali H, Ranasinghe P, Hills AP. Impact of portion-control plates (PCP) on weight reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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