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Jin C, Matsuo H, Nakayama Y, Shigita G, Inoue Y, Kato K, Takano Y. A deletion in FLS2 and its expansion after domestication caused global dissemination of melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38924650 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) encodes a pattern recognition receptor that perceives bacterial flagellin. While putative FLS2 orthologs are broadly conserved in plants, their functional characterization remains limited. Here, we report the identification of orthologs in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo), named CsFLS2 and CmFLS2, respectively. Homology searching identified CsFLS2, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated that CsFLS2 is required for flg22-triggered ROS generation. Interestingly, genome re-sequencing of melon cv. Lennon and subsequent genomic PCR revealed that Lennon has two CmFLS2 haplotypes, haplotype I encoding full-length CmFLS2 and haplotype II encoding a truncated form. We show that VIGS-mediated knockdown of CmFLS2 haplotype I resulted in a significant reduction in both flg22-triggered ROS generation and immunity to a bacterial pathogen in melon cv. Lennon. Remarkably, genomic PCR of CmFLS2 revealed that 68% of tested commercial melon cultivars possess only CmFLS2 haplotype II: these cultivars thus lack functional CmFLS2. To explore evolutionary aspects of CmFLS2 haplotype II occurrence, we genotyped the CmFLS2 locus in 142 melon accessions by genomic PCR and analyzed 437 released sequences. The results suggest that CmFLS2 haplotype II is derived from C. melo subsp. melo. Furthermore, we suggest that the proportion of CmFLS2 haplotype II increased among the improved melo group compared with the primitive melo group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the deleted FLS2 locus generated in the primitive melo subspecies expanded after domestication, resulting in the spread of commercial melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition, which is critical for bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujia Jin
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuo
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gentaro Shigita
- Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity Research, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kato
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Gorman M, Baxter L, Frampton K, Dabas T, Moss R, McSweeney MB. An investigation into the sensory properties of luffa [Luffa cylindrica (L.)] sap. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38924528 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The seeds and sap of luffa [Luffa cylindrica (L.)] are usually discarded as waste. As such, this study aimed to identify the sensory properties of luffa sap (aqueous solution) and if it can be incorporated into a food item (orange juice) for added nutritional benefits and as an alternative sweetener. A sensory trial (n = 94) asked participants to evaluate a luffa sap sample and five different orange juice samples with increasing amounts of luffa sap (control [0%], 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%). The participants evaluated the samples using 9-point hedonic scales, check-all-that-apply, and an open-ended comment question. The luffa sap was described as having a mild flavor as well as woody, earthy, and floral attributes and an aftertaste. The liking scores for the orange juice with the 5% luffa sap did not significantly differ from the control. However, as the amount of luffa sap increased above 5%, the liking scores decreased and were significantly different from the control. The orange juice with luffa sap samples (7.5% and above) was associated with off-flavors, while the orange juice with 5% luffa sap and the control were associated with the attributes (sweet, fruity, orange, tropical, citrus) that increased the participants liking. Future studies should continue to investigate the sensory properties of luffa sap and its incorporation into different food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This is one of the first studies to investigate the sensory properties of luffa sap with participants residing in the Western world. The luffa sap was found to be woody, earthy, bitter, and floral. It was acceptable to add luffa sap to orange juice up to 5% by volume. However, it did not increase the sweetness perception of the orange juice. At a 7.5% luffa sap addition and higher levels, off-flavors were observed in the orange juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Gorman
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laura Baxter
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Frampton
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tanvi Dabas
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rachael Moss
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew B McSweeney
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
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3
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Tajik Khademi H, Khodadadi M, Hassanpanah D, Hajainfar R. Changes in fruit yield, biochemical attributes, and leaf minerals of different cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars under foliar application of silicon nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42012-42022. [PMID: 38853231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have an eminent role in improving plant yield through improving yield. The present study was conducted to find the effect of Si NPs on plant yield, biochemical attributes, and minerals of different cucumber cultivars. The greenhouse experiment with foliar application of Si NPs (100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was carried out on cucumber cultivars (Emilie, Mirsoltan, Mitio, and Viola). The application of Si NPs at 300 mg L-1 led to the highest fruit yield, with a 17% increase in fruit production compared to the control. Fruit firmness differed by 31% between Emilie and Si NPs at 100 mg L-1 and Mito at 300 mg L-1. Plants experiencing Si NPs at 300 mg L-1 had the greatest chlorophyll (Chl) a+b. Compared to the other cultivars, Mito had a greater fruit yield and Chl content. The Si NPs increased TSS by 11% while lowering TA by 24% when compared to the control at 300 mg L-1. Foliar application of Si NPs reduced the value of TSS/TA. The largest value of K was reached in the Mito cultivar with Si NPs at 200 mg L-1, with a 22% increase in comparison to the control, indicating that Si NPs considerably boosted the K content. The Si NPs at 200 mg L-1 significantly increased leaf N and P in the Mito cultivar by 16 and 50%, respectively. By using agglomerative hierarchy clustering (AHC), Emilie and Mito were located in two separate clusters, whilst Viola and Mirsoltan were grouped in one cluster. In conclusion, Si NPs at 200-300 mg L-1 enhanced fruit yield, and Mito showed the highest yield when compared to other cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tajik Khademi
- Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi
- Vegetable Research Center, Horticulture Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Davoud Hassanpanah
- Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ramin Hajainfar
- Vegetable Research Center, Horticulture Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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4
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Ali R, Eldidamony G, Askora A, Galal A. Investigates the ability of plant extracts from Lens culinaris to protect zucchini from the Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Sci Rep 2024; 14:12257. [PMID: 38806538 PMCID: PMC11133456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluate the impact of extracts from the Lens culinaris plant on a number of physiological and biochemical parameters in squash leaves infected with ZYMV in this work. Compared to the untreated leaves, ZYMV infected leaves showed a range of symptoms, such as severe mosaic, size reduction, stunting, and deformation. Analysis of physiological data revealed that L. culinaris extract lectin therapies and viral infections had an impact on metabolism. Protein, carbohydrate, and pigment levels were all lowered by viral infection. However, phenolic compounds, total protein, total carbohydrates, total amino acids, proline, total chlorophyll and peroxidases levels are considerably elevated with all extract therapies. The other biochemical parameters also displayed a variety of changes. Moreover shoot length, number of leaves and number of flowers was significantly increased compared to viral control in all treatments. The L. culinaris extract treatment increases the plant's ZYMV resistance. This is detectable through reduction of the plants treated with lentil lectin pre and post virus inoculation, reduction in disease severity and viral concentration, and percentage of the infected plants has a virus. All findings demonstrate significant metabolic alterations brought by viral infections or L. culinaris extract treatments, and they also suggest that exogenous extract treatments is essential for activating the body's defences against ZYMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagzig University, Zagazig, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Eldidamony
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagzig University, Zagazig, 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagzig University, Zagazig, 82524, Egypt
| | - Abdelmoneim Galal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagzig University, Zagazig, 82524, Egypt
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Maqsood Q, Sumrin A, Ali Q, Hussain N, Malook SU, Ali D. In-silico analysis of ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) of the Cucurbitaceae family. AMB Express 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38801471 PMCID: PMC11130107 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are highly active N-glycosidases that depurinate both bacterial and eukaryotic rRNAs, halting protein synthesis during translation. Found in a diverse spectrum of plant species and tissues, RIPs possess antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and insecticidal properties linked to plant defense. In this study, we investigated the physiochemical properties of RIP peptides from the Cucurbitaceae family through bioinformatics approaches. Molecular weight, isoelectric point, aliphatic index, extinction coefficient, and secondary structures were analyzed, revealing their hydrophobic nature. The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive examination of RIPs from the Cucurbitaceae family and their potential therapeutic applications. The study also elucidated the binding interactions of Cucurbitaceae RIPs with key biological targets, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Strong hydrogen bond interactions between RIPs and these targets suggest potential for innovative insilico drug design and therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment. Comprehensive analysis of bond lengths using Ligpolt + software provides insights for optimizing molecular interactions, offering a valuable tool for drug design and structural biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Maqsood
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Sumrin
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saif Ul Malook
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gavril (Rațu) RN, Constantin OE, Enachi E, Stoica F, Lipșa FD, Stănciuc N, Aprodu I, Râpeanu G. Optimization of the Parameters Influencing the Antioxidant Activity and Concentration of Carotenoids Extracted from Pumpkin Peel Using a Central Composite Design. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1447. [PMID: 38891255 PMCID: PMC11174748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
It has been discovered that the peel of a pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), regarded as a waste product of pumpkin processing, has significant amounts of carotenoids and other antioxidants. This study aims to identify the most effective extraction parameters for an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method to extract the total carotenoids (TCs) and assess the antioxidant activity (AA) of pumpkin peel. To determine the effects of the extraction time, temperature, and material-to-solvent ratio on the recovery of TCs and AA, a response surface methodology utilizing the central composite design (CCD) was used. The extraction temperature (6.25-98.75 °C), extraction duration (13.98-128.98 min), and solvent ratio (0.23-50.23 mL) were the variables studied in the coded form of the experimental plan. The carotenoid concentration varied from 0.53 to 1.06 mg/g DW, while the AA varied from 0.34 to 7.28 µM TE/g DW. The findings indicated that the optimal extraction parameters were an 80 °C temperature, a 10 mL solvent ratio, and a 100 min extraction time. The study confirmed that the optimum extraction conditions resulted in an experimental TC yield of 0.97 mg/g DW and an AA of 7.25 µM TE/g DW. Overall, it should be emphasized that the extraction process can be enhanced by setting the operating factors to maximize the model responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nicoleta Gavril (Rațu)
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.G.); (F.D.L.)
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Oana Emilia Constantin
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Elena Enachi
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Florina Stoica
- Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Daniel Lipșa
- Department of Food Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (R.N.G.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania; (O.E.C.); (E.E.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
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7
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Reddy CS, Ramireddy S, Reddy UK. Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1320. [PMID: 38794391 PMCID: PMC11124774 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Embryo rescue is a vital technique in cucurbit breeding and propagation, addressing challenges such as embryo abortion, poor seed viability, and incompatibility barriers. This method involves the excision of immature embryos from seeds followed by their in vitro culture on a nutrient medium, providing an environment conducive to their growth and development. In cucurbits, embryo rescue has been extensively utilized to overcome barriers to hybridization, enabling the production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids with desired traits. Various factors, including genotype, developmental stage of embryos, and culture conditions, influence the success of embryo rescue in cucurbits. Optimal nutrient formulations, growth regulators, and culture techniques are critical for promoting embryo germination, shoot elongation, and subsequent plantlet establishment. Additionally, embryo rescue facilitates the recovery of valuable genetic material from wild and exotic cucurbit species, expanding genetic diversity and developing novel cultivars with improved traits such as disease resistance, yield, and quality. This review highlights the principles, applications, and advancements in embryo rescue technology in cucurbits, emphasizing its significance in cucurbit breeding programs and crop improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (C.S.R.); (S.R.)
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8
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Alhomaidi E. Scanning electron microscopic exploration of intricate pollen morphology and antimicrobial potentials of gourd family. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:999-1008. [PMID: 38189103 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to delve into the intricate pollen morphology of Cucurbitaceae (Gourd Family) species, unraveling the nuanced details of their structural features. Concurrently, the research investigates the antimicrobial potentials encoded within these pollen grains, shedding light on their possible applications in the realm of natural antimicrobial agents. Cucurbitaceae plants showcases significant antibacterial and antifungal potentials, underscoring its potential as a source for novel antimicrobial compounds. This research endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of pollen morphometry in 12 Cucurbitaceous species, with the primary goal of identifying pollen morpho-types to enrich the taxonomic understanding of the Cucurbitaceae. Following the Erdtman protocol, the study involved processing, measuring, and capturing pollen grains using SEM techniques. Qualitative data were analyzed to evaluate the variations in pollen types, size, and exine stratified sculptured layering. The pollen grains exhibit characteristics of being monads, ranging in size from medium to very large, with the prevailing shape being prolate-spheroidal in six species. Notably, the maximum polar axis diameter was recorded for Cucurbita pepo (106.3 μm), while the minimum was observed in Zehneria anomala (32.6 μm). The grains of Cucurbitaceae exhibit diverse surface patterns, including reticulate columellae, reticulate, verrucate-scabrate, verrucate-gemmate, echinate baculate, reticulate-perforate, and micro-reticulate. This SEM investigation illuminates the intricacies of Cucurbitaceae pollen morphology while concurrently highlighting their noteworthy antimicrobial potentials. HIGHLIGHTS: High-resolution imaging reveals complex pollen morphology. Identification of unique antimicrobial structures on Cucurbitaceae pollen (gourd family). Exploring medicinal potential: Antimicrobial properties of cucurbitaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhomaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Romo-Tovar J, Belmares Cerda R, Chávez-González ML, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Lozano-Sepulveda SA, Govea-Salas M, Loredo-Treviño A. Importance of Certain Varieties of Cucurbits in Enhancing Health: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 38672815 PMCID: PMC11048896 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family is an extensive group of fruits and vegetables that exhibit common characteristics; for example, they are farmed on a global scale and exhibit a wide range of applications, including fresh consumption and use in various food and beverage products. As is frequent, many species or genera share a common name, and this can lead to some confusion when looking for information about a specific variety. In this review, we describe the findings about the biological activity, like antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, of two genera of this family, Cucumis and Momordica, which have been characterized and evaluated in several research studies and regarding which information is readily accessible. Those activities rely on the various physicochemical qualities and nutritional content of each variety, including factors like β-carotene and polyphenols, among others. The goal of this review is to provide a rapid search for each activity examined in the literature, enabling future research on their potential uses in functional foods and nutraceutical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Romo-Tovar
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Ruth Belmares Cerda
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Sonia A. Lozano-Sepulveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Mayela Govea-Salas
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Araceli Loredo-Treviño
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
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10
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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Role of Nitrate-Rich Vegetables. Foods 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38472804 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic radical produced by both the non-enzymatic nitrate (NO3-)-nitrite (NO2-)-NO pathway and enzymatic reactions catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Also, as nitrate and nitrite from dietary and other endogenous sources can be reduced back to nitric oxide in vivo, the endogenous NO level can be increased through the consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. Ingestion of dietary NO3- has beneficial effects which have been attributed to a subsequent increase in NO: a signaling molecule that may regulate various systems, including the cardiovascular system. A diet rich in NO3- from green leafy and root vegetables has cardioprotective effects, with beetroot products being particularly good sources of NO3-. For example, various studies have demonstrated a significant increase in nitrite levels (regarded as markers of NO) in plasma after the intake of beetroot juice. The present review describes the current literature concerning the role of nitrate-rich vegetables (especially beetroot products) in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Sci Finder, Web of Science, and SCOPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Kaval U, Hoşgören H. Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Gold Nanoparticles with Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Ex Poiret Peel Aqueous Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:923. [PMID: 38474434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, AuNPs were biosynthesized from Cucurbita moschata fruit peel extracts. Biosynthesized AuNPs exhibited maximum absorbance at a 555 nm wavelength, and XRD analysis indicated that the CM-AuNPs had a particle size of less than 100 nm and a cubic crystal structure. TEM scans revealed that the gold particles exhibited a spherical morphology, with an average size of 18.10 nm. FTIR analysis revealed strong peaks indicating the presence of functional groups involved in the reduction reactions. The surface charge of the biosynthesized AuNPs was determined to be -19.7 mV. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of AuNPs against pathogen strains were assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The cytotoxic effects of CM-AuNPs on cancer cell lines (Sk-Ov-3, CaCo2, and A549) and healthy cell lines (HUVEC) were investigated using the MTT method. The findings indicated that AuNPs biosynthesized by the green synthesis method using C. moschata peel aqueous extract had high inhibition on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and effective cytotoxic activity against cancerous cell lines at low doses. As a result, it can be concluded that CM-AuNPs will be eminently effective in the production of antibacterial and/or anticancer drugs in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Kaval
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Türkiye
| | - Hülya Hoşgören
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Türkiye
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12
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Du C, Ren X, Huang B, Chai X. Design and Experimentation of a Machine Vision-Based Cucumber Quality Grader. Foods 2024; 13:606. [PMID: 38397583 PMCID: PMC10888160 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The North China type cucumber, characterized by its dense spines and top flowers, is susceptible to damage during the grading process, affecting its market value. Moreover, traditional manual grading methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address these issues, this paper proposes a cucumber quality grader based on machine vision and deep learning. In the electromechanical aspect, a novel fixed tray type grading mechanism is designed to prevent damage to the vulnerable North China type cucumbers during the grading process. In the vision grading algorithm, a new convolutional neural network is introduced named MassNet, capable of predicting cucumber mass using only a top-view image. After obtaining the cucumber mass prediction, mass grading is achieved. Experimental validation includes assessing the electromechanical performance of the grader, comparing MassNet with different models in predicting cucumber mass, and evaluating the online grading performance of the integrated algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the designed cucumber quality grader achieves a maximum capacity of 2.3 t/hr. In comparison with AlexNet, MobileNet, and ResNet, MassNet demonstrates superior cucumber mass prediction, with a MAPE of 3.9% and RMSE of 6.7 g. In online mass grading experiments, the grading efficiency of the cucumber quality grader reaches 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengtao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiujuan Chai
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Grassino AN, Karlović S, Šošo L, Dujmić F, Sabolović MB, Marelja M, Brnčić M. Influence of Different Drying Processes on the Chemical and Texture Profile of Cucurbita maxima Pulp. Foods 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 38397497 PMCID: PMC10888355 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of hot air (HAD), vacuum (VAD) and conductive (CD) drying on the chemical and textural profiles of Cucurbita maxima pulp were investigated to find suitable drying conditions to avoid postharvest losses of pumpkin. The results showed that the drying methods had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the chemical and textural profiles of pumpkin pulp. The ash content was lower in VAD (up to 7.65%) than in HAD (up to 9.88%) and CD pulp (up to 9.21%). The samples of HAD, CD and VAD had a higher fat content, up to 3.07, 2.66 and 2.51%, respectively, than fresh pulp (1.55%). The total fibre content is lower for VAD (up to 8.78%) than for HAD (up to 15.43%) and CD pulp (13.94%). HAD pulp at 70 °C (~15.51%) and VAD and CD pulp processed between 50 and 60 °C (~22%) are good sources of protein. HAD and CD pulp at 70 °C and VAD at 50 °C resulted in a high sugar content (up to 83.23%). In addition to drying, the extraction time of 40 min used in ultrasound-assisted extraction is optimal, especially for protein and sugar recovery in dried samples. Drying also led to strong changes in the textural properties of the pulp, so that an excellent dried intermediate product is the one obtained using HAD at a temperature of 70 °C and an airflow of 0.5 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.N.G.); (S.K.); (L.Š.); (F.D.); (M.B.S.); (M.M.)
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14
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Ahmad S, Jamil M, Jaworski CC, Wu Y, Palma-Onetto V, Lyu B, Luo Y. Knockdown of the ecdysone receptor disrupts development and causes mortality in the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:738-747. [PMID: 37646607 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits are important economic plants that are attacked by numerous pests, among which the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae is extremely problematic. New sustainable pest control strategies are necessary to replace chemical insecticides that are harmful to the environment, human health and nontarget species. The RNA interference (RNAi) technology is one of the most promising tools due to high efficiency and species specificity. We developed an RNAi strategy targeting the ecdysone receptor (ECR) of Z. cucurbitae, which plays an important role in moulting and reproduction. We identified, described and isolated the ECR gene of Z. cucurbitae and measured its expression pattern across developmental stages and tissues. ZcECR knockdown via dsZcECR ingestion caused a significant larval mortality and abnormal phenotypes in pupae and adults. About 68% of larvae fed with a dsZcECR-treated diet failed to enter the pupal stage and died. In addition, ZcECR knockdown dramatically reduced pupal weight (by 3.24 mg on average) and fecundity (by about 23%). RNAi targeting the ECR gene is therefore a promising method to control Z. cucurbitae, paving the way for the development of novel sustainable and highly specific control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Momana Jamil
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Yuejie Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Valeria Palma-Onetto
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Baoqian Lyu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Department of Pesticide Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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15
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Devendran R, Kavalappara SR, Simmons AM, Bag S. Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses of Cucurbits in the Southern United States. Viruses 2023; 15:2278. [PMID: 38005954 PMCID: PMC10675411 DOI: 10.3390/v15112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbits are economically important crops that are widely cultivated in many parts of the world, including the southern US. In recent years, higher temperatures have favored the rapid build-up of whiteflies in the fall-grown cucurbits in this region. As a result, whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) have severely impacted the marketable yield of cucurbits. In this review, we discuss three major groups of WTVs negatively impacting cucurbit cultivation in the southern US, including begomoviruses, criniviruses, and ipomoviruses. Here, we discuss the available information on the biology, epidemiology and advances made toward detecting and managing these viruses, including sources of resistance and cultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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16
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Zieniuk B, Pawełkowicz M. Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents. Metabolites 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 37887406 PMCID: PMC10608718 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae family. These bitter-tasting compounds act primarily as defense mechanisms against external injuries, and thus against herbivores, and furthermore, they have also found use in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Many studies have acknowledged significant biological activities of cucurbitacins, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antimicrobial properties, or antitumor potential. Overall, cucurbitacins have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity of varied cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins offer a promising avenue for future cancer treatment strategies, and their diverse mechanisms of action make them attractive candidates for further investigation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the chemical diversity of this group of compounds by providing the sources of origin of selected compounds and their chemical structure, as well as insight into their anticancer potential. In addition, within this paper molecular targets for cucurbitacins and signalling pathways important for cancer cell proliferation and/or survival that are affected by the described class of compounds have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Ahsan M, Ashfaq M, Amer MA, Shakeel MT, Mehmood MA, Umar M, Al-Saleh MA. Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) as a Serious Biotic Stress to Cucurbits: Prevalence, Diversity, and Its Implications for Crop Sustainability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3503. [PMID: 37836243 PMCID: PMC10575174 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is a severe threat to cucurbit crops worldwide, including Pakistan. This study was pursued to evaluate the prevalence, geographic distribution, and molecular diversity of ZYMV isolates infecting cucurbits in Pakistan's Pothwar region. Almost all the plant viruses act as a biotic stress on the host plants, which results in a yield loss. These viruses cause losses in single-infection or in mixed-infection cucurbit crops, and we have found a number of mixed-infected samples belonging to the Curubitaceae family. Serological detection of the tested potyviruses in the collected cucurbit samples revealed that ZYMV was the most prevalent virus, with a disease incidence (DI) at 35.2%, followed by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) with an incidence of 2.2%, and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) having an incidence as little as 0.5% in 2016. In the year 2017, a relatively higher disease incidence of 39.7%, 2.4%, and 0.3% for ZYMV, WMV, and PRSV, respectively, was recorded. ZYMV was the most prevalent virus with the highest incidence in Attock, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad, while PRSV was observed to be the highest in Islamabad and Jhelum. WMV infection was observed only in Rawalpindi and Chakwal. Newly detected Pakistani ZYMV isolates shared 95.8-97.0% nucleotide identities among themselves and 77.1-97.8% with other isolates retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic relationships obtained using different ZYMV isolates retrieved from GenBank and validated by in silico restriction analysis revealed that four Pakistani isolates clustered with other ZYMV isolates in group IIb with Chinese, Italian, Polish, and French isolates, while another isolate (MK848239) formed a separate minor clade within IIb. The isolate MK8482490, reported to infect bitter gourd in Pakistan, shared a minor clade with a Chinese isolate (KX884570). Recombination analysis revealed that the recently found ZYMV isolate (MK848239) is most likely a recombinant of Pakistani (MK848237) and Italian (MK956829) isolates, with a recombinant breakpoint between 266 and 814 nucleotide positions. Local isolate comparison and recombination detection may aid in the development of a breeding program that identifies resistant sources against recombinant isolates because the ZYMV is prevalent in a few cucurbit species grown in the surveyed areas and causes heavy losses and economic damage to the agricultural community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan;
- Department of Plant Pathology, Balochistan Agriculture College, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 61000, Pakistan;
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Amer
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.-S.)
| | - Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Mirza Abid Mehmood
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 61000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Biosecurity Tasmania, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia;
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Saleh
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.A.A.-S.)
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18
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Yang YX, Wang XY, Lin T, Sun Y, Yu YC, Zhu ZH. Opportunities and challenges for ribosome-inactivating proteins in traditional Chinese medicine plants. Toxicon 2023; 234:107278. [PMID: 37683701 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of cytotoxic rRNA N-glycosylase, which widely exist in higher plants in different taxonomy, including many traditional Chinese medicinal materials and vegetables and fruits. In this paper, the traditional Chinese medicinal plants containing RIPs protein were sorted out, and their pharmacological effects and clinical applications were analyzed. Since many RIPs in traditional Chinese medicine plants exhibit antiviral and antitumor activities and show great clinical application potential, people's interest in these proteins is on the rise. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of RIPs's anti-virus and anti-tumor effects, and discusses its potential problems and risks, laying a foundation for subsequent research on how to exert its anti-virus and anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Orka NA, Uddin MN, Toushique FM, Hossain MS. OLID I: an open leaf image dataset for plant stress recognition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251888. [PMID: 37771492 PMCID: PMC10523147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Anan Orka
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazim Uddin
- Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Center (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Fardeen Md. Toushique
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Shahadath Hossain
- Entomology Section , Horticulture Research Center (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
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20
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Frosi I, Balduzzi A, Moretto G, Colombo R, Papetti A. Towards Valorization of Food-Waste-Derived Pectin: Recent Advances on Their Characterization and Application. Molecules 2023; 28:6390. [PMID: 37687219 PMCID: PMC10489144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin, a natural biopolymer, can be extracted from food waste biomass, adding value to raw materials. Currently, commercial pectin is mostly extracted from citrus peels (85.5%) and apple pomace (14.0%), with a small segment from sugar beet pulp (0.5%). However, driven by high market demand (expected to reach 2.12 billion by 2030), alternative agro-industrial waste is gaining attention as potential pectin sources. This review summarizes the recent advances in characterizing pectin from both conventional and emerging food waste sources. The focus is the chemical properties that affect their applications, such as the degree of esterification, the neutral sugars' composition, the molecular weight, the galacturonic acid content, and technological-functional properties. The review also highlights recent updates in nutraceutical and food applications, considering the potential use of pectin as an encapsulating agent for intestinal targeting, a sustainable biopolymer for food packaging, and a functional and emulsifying agent in low-calorie products. It is clear from the considered literature that further studies are needed concerning the complexity of the pectin structure extracted from emerging food waste raw materials, in order to elucidate their most suitable commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Frosi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Anna Balduzzi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulia Moretto
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Raffaella Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (C.S.G.I.), University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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21
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Bitwell C, Sen SI, Luke C, Kakoma MK. UHPLC-MS/MS phytochemical screening, polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential of Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Müll.Arg.) Pichon (Apocynaceae), a medicinal plant. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 20:e01712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
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22
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Nath S, Mukherjee AK. Ethnomedicines for the treatment of scorpion stings: A perspective study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 282:114599. [PMID: 36567038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scorpion sting is a public health concern with limited clinical symptomatic treatment. The clinical treatment uses anti-scorpion antivenom and prazosin (α-adrenergic inhibitor), often in combination with insulin, to reduce scorpion venom-induced hyperglycemia and other complications. However, these therapies also possess some limitations, necessitating urgent exploration of ethnomedicines, mainly traditional medicinal plants, to treat scorpion stings. Unfortunately, several conventional treatments are not scientifically validated, thus raising questions about their quality and utility. Therefore, pharmacological re-assessment of such medicinal plants to alleviate scorpion stings' complications is essential. AIM OF THE STUDY The principal objectives of this study are to provide a brief overview of medically important scorpions of the world, outline the extant traditional practices, and comprehensively review plants used in conventional ethnic medicines to treat scorpion stings over time. Modern technological advances in identifying and characterizing plant bioactive molecules are also mentioned in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS The traditionally used medicinal plants against scorpion stings were reviewed from the available literature in the database. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/) was used to validate the scientific names of the plants mentioned in this study. The search targeted literature on conventional treatments and crude plant extracts or their bioactive components with proven neutralization capacity against scorpion stings. Search words used were 'scorpion sting,' 'treatment for a scorpion sting,' 'antivenom and scorpion sting,' 'traditional treatment for scorpion stings, and 'natural compounds against scorpion stings'. RESULTS A list of more than 200 medicinal plants traditionally used in several countries for treating scorpion stings is presented in this review. Though some myth-based remedies are practiced to treat scorpion stings, no empirical evidence exists to validate this aspect of traditional knowledge. Only 38 traditional medicinal plant extracts have been tested under in-vivo and in-vitro conditions to determine their neutralization potency of scorpion envenomation. Although a few bioactive plant constituents showing scorpion venom neutralization potency have been characterized, they are not yet commercially available for clinical application. CONCLUSIONS There is tremendous potential locked in medicinal plants' traditional knowledge for scorpion envenomation treatment. Translating this knowledge into the clinical application will require pharmacological reassessment, in tandem with isolation and characterization of active compounds to prove their prophylactic prowess. Almost equally important would be the formulation of stringent strategies to conserve such medicinal plants from overexploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Nath
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, India.
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India; On Deputation from Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.
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23
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El-Akad RH, El-Din MGS, Farag MA. How Does Lagenaria siceraria (Bottle Gourd) Metabolome Compare to Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) F. Cucurbitaceae? A Multiplex Approach of HR-UPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS Using Molecular Networking and Chemometrics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040771. [PMID: 36832849 PMCID: PMC9956347 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae comprises 800 species, the majority of which are known for their nutritive, economic, and health-promoting effects. This study aims at the metabolome profiling of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) fruits in a comparative manner for the first time, considering that both species are reported to exhibit several in-common phytochemical classes and bioactivities. Nevertheless, bottle gourd is far less known and/or consumed than cucumber, which is famous worldwide. A multiplex approach, including HR-UPLC/MS/MS, GNPS networking, SPME, and GC/MS, was employed to profile primary and secondary metabolites in both species that could mediate for new health and nutritive aspects, in addition to their aroma profiling, which affects the consumers' preferences. Spectroscopic datasets were analyzed using multivariate data analyses (PCA and OPLS) for assigning biomarkers that distinguish each fruit. Herein, 107 metabolites were annotated in cucumber and bottle gourd fruits via HR-UPLC/MS/MS analysis in both modes, aided by GNPS networking. Metabolites belong to amino acids, organic acids, cinnamates, alkaloids, flavonoids, pterocarpans, alkyl glycosides, sesquiterpenes, saponins, lignans, fatty acids/amides, and lysophospholipids, including several first-time reported metabolites and classes in Cucurbitaceae. Aroma profiling detected 93 volatiles presented at comparable levels in both species, from which it can be inferred that bottle gourds possess a consumer-pleasant aroma, although data analyses detected further enrichment of bottle gourd with ketones and esters versus aldehydes in cucumber. GC/MS analysis of silylated compounds detected 49 peaks in both species, including alcohols, amino acids, fatty acids/esters, nitrogenous compounds, organic acids, phenolic acids, steroids, and sugars, from which data analyses recognized that the bottle gourd was further enriched with fatty acids in contrast to higher sugar levels in cucumber. This study provides new possible attributes for both species in nutrition and health-care fields based on the newly detected metabolites, and further highlights the potential of the less famous fruit "bottle gourd", recommending its propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa H. El-Akad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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24
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Yang Y, Zhang B, Bao Y, Huang P, Li J, Li R, Zhao Q. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Cucurbitaceae). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:6991395. [PMID: 36652386 PMCID: PMC9897187 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a chromosome-level reference genome assembly of a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant, Herpetospermum pedunculosum belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Following a combined PacBio high-fidelity sequencing and Hi-C analysis, a final H. pedunculosum genome assembly, 804.11 Mb in length was obtained, 90.45% of which was anchored into ten pseudochromosomes with a contig N50 of 24.39 Mb. In addition, 579.55 Mb repetitive sequences and 23,924 high-confidence protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H. pedunculosum was sister to a clade formed by cucumber, zucchini, and wax gourd. Further whole-genome duplication analysis revealed no recent polyploidization event in the H. pedunculosum genome. The high-quality H. pedunculosum genome presented here will be highly useful in investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of its active compounds and adaptation strategies to the extreme environment. It will also provide great insights into comparative genomic studies of Cucurbitaceae and flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, China,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Tibet Rhodiola Pharmaceutical Holding Company, Lhasa, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu University, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, China
| | - Rui Li
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
| | - Qi Zhao
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ;
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Ninčević Grassino A, Rimac Brnčić S, Badanjak Sabolović M, Šic Žlabur J, Marović R, Brnčić M. Carotenoid Content and Profiles of Pumpkin Products and By-Products. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020858. [PMID: 36677916 PMCID: PMC9861221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current findings on the major carotenoids and their content in pumpkin products and by-products. The content of total carotenoids and the composition of carotenoids in pumpkins depend mainly on the species and cultivar, pedoclimatic conditions, the part of the plant (pulp, peel or seed), extraction procedures and the type of solvent used for extraction. The major carotenoids identified in pumpkins were β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin. β-Carotene is the major carotenoid in most pumpkin species. The number and content of total carotenoids are higher when minor carotenoids and ester forms are considered. The use of carotenoids in the development of functional foods has been the topic of many versatile studies in recent years, as they add significant value to foods associated with numerous health benefits. In view of this, pumpkin and pumpkin by-products can serve as a valuable source of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Ninčević Grassino
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.N.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Suzana Rimac Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Badanjak Sabolović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roko Marović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottiejva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.N.G.); (M.B.)
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Cucurbitacins as potential anticancer agents: new insights on molecular mechanisms. J Transl Med 2022; 20:630. [PMID: 36585670 PMCID: PMC9805216 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been an extensive reservoir of bioactive compounds with therapeutic interest for new drug development and clinical application. Cucurbitacins are a compelling example of these drug leads, primarily present in the plant kingdom, especially in the Cucurbitaceae family. However, these natural compounds are also known in several genera within other plant families. Beyond the Cucurbitaceae family, they are also present in other plant families, as well as in some fungi and one shell-less marine mollusc. Despite the natural abundance of cucurbitacins in different natural species, their obtaining and isolation is limited, as a result, an increase in their chemical synthesis has been developed by researchers. Data on cucurbitacins and their anticancer activities were collected from databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect and the information was arranged sequentially for a better understanding of the antitumor potential. The results of the studies showed that cucurbitacins have significant biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and antitumor potential. In conclusion, there are several studies, both in vitro and in vivo reporting this important anticancer/chemopreventive potential; hence a comprehensive review on this topic is recommended for future clinical research.
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Tănase (Butnariu) LA, Nistor OV, Mocanu GD, Andronoiu DG, Cîrciumaru A, Botez E. Effects of Heat Treatments on Various Characteristics of Ready-to-Eat Zucchini Purees Enriched with Anise or Fennel. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227964. [PMID: 36432071 PMCID: PMC9694702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galactagogue herbs, also known as natural lactation adjuvants, are frequently used to stimulate breast milk production. Due to their antioxidant activity and phenolic content, anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) were chosen to increase the added value of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) purees. At the same time, this work aimed to determine the influence of heat treatment on various characteristics of the final product. The phytochemical content, color parameters, and rheological and textural parameters of zucchini purees enriched with herbal aqueous extracts were determined after processing and after one week of storage (4 °C). In the case of antioxidant activity, samples registered a variation between 6.62 ± 1.71 and 38.32 ± 3.85 µM Trolox/g DW for the samples processed by steam convection. The total difference color parameter (ΔE) increased seven times after one week of storage compared to samples at T0. Fennel and anise aqueous extracts helped improve the rheological behavior of zucchini samples both by steam and hot air convection. This study may serve as a springboard for future investigations and clinical trials into the scientific validity and safety of ready-to-eat foods with special destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza-Andreea Tănase (Butnariu)
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos“ University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Oana-Viorela Nistor
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos“ University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-336-130177; Fax: +40-236-460165
| | - Gabriel-Dănuț Mocanu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos“ University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Doina-Georgeta Andronoiu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos“ University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Adrian Cîrciumaru
- Cross-Border Faculty, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Botez
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos“ University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
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Onsongo SK, Mohamed SA, Akutse KS, Gichimu BM, Dubois T. The Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for Management of the Melon Fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae: Pathogenicity, Horizontal Transmission, and Compatability with Cuelure. INSECTS 2022; 13:859. [PMID: 36292807 PMCID: PMC9604353 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the laboratory, the pathogenicity of thirteen isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin against the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) were assessed by exposing adults to 0.3 g of dry conidia (~3 × 109 conidia) of each isolate for 5 min and monitoring mortality for up to 5 days. Compatibility with a male pheromone, cuelure, (4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone), was determined by testing conidial germination and germ tube growth of the most promising isolate, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, in the presence of cuelure at different temperatures. For horizontal transmission, the flies were separated by sex, separately exposed to M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, and subsequently mixed with non-exposed flies from the other sex. The most pathogenic isolates were M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, 18, and 30, causing mortalities of 94, 87, and 81%, with 5 days post-exposure, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 caused the highest pupal mortality of 74%, with 15 days post-exposure. Horizontal transmission of M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 among male and female Z. cucurbitae was confirmed by 59 and 67% mortality after exposure to infected donor males and females, respectively. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 affected the oviposition, but not hatchability, of infected Z. cucurbitae females. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 is, therefore, a potential isolate for biopesticide development for Z. cucurbitae management in cucurbit production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Onsongo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu 60100, Kenya
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Bernard M. Gichimu
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu 60100, Kenya
| | - Thomas Dubois
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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A Review of the Effect of Preparations from Vegetables of the Asteraceae Family and Cucurbitaceae Family on the Cardiovascular System and Its Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173601. [PMID: 36079856 PMCID: PMC9460361 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) system dysfunction can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a key cause of death around the world. For many people, the most common treatment choices are still based on various plants used in traditional and folk medicine. Interestingly, many of these plants demonstrate various biological activities and pro-health properties; as such, there has been growing scientific interest in their use as medicines, including treatments for CVDs. Due to their varied biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential, the members of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae have long been used in traditional medicine. These properties are believed to derive from the chemical composition of the plants, which includes various flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Although many of their pro-health properties have been well described, their effect on the cardiovascular system and CVDs remains unclear. The present work reviews the current literature about the effects of preparations of vegetables of the Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae families on the cardiovascular system and CVDs. Various species from the two families demonstrate antioxidant and antiplatelet activities in vitro and in vivo, which play key roles in the prophylaxis and treatment of CVDs. Additionally, some species have been evaluated for their anticoagulant activity. This review also describes the biological properties of these vegetables and discusses their anti-hyperlipidemic action, and their potential for obesity prevention and body weight control.
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Singh PM, Dhar P, Bhagya Raj GVS, Deka SC. Effect of ultrasound assisted extraction of dietary fibre from pineapple peel and its application with anthocyanin rich black rice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Singh
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering Tezpur University Assam India
| | - P. Dhar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering Tezpur University Assam India
| | - G. V. S. Bhagya Raj
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering Tezpur University Assam India
| | - S. C. Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering Tezpur University Assam India
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Masika FB, Alicai T, Shimelis H, Ddamulira G, Athman SY, Ipulet P, Andama M, Tugume AK. Pumpkin and watermelon production constraints and management practices in Uganda. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2022; 3:39. [PMID: 35755157 PMCID: PMC9214476 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-022-00101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelons and pumpkins are cultivated in Uganda for their leaves, fruits, and seeds, thereby contributing to food, nutrition and income security. However, there is limited research and information on constraints affecting their production. This study assessed the current production constraints for watermelons and pumpkins, management practices, sources of production inputs to guide research and decision making in production of these crops. METHODOLOGY Watermelon and pumpkin fields totalling 105 located in 28 districts from nine sub-regions of Uganda were surveyed. Purposive sampling was conducted based on the importance and availability of watermelon and pumpkin fields in the sub-regions using a questionnaire administered to farmers on different practices, management strategies, and current production constraints. Data were analysed to determine the relationship between the source of seed, sale of their produce, constraints, and control measures of biotic constraints in the different sub-regions. RESULTS Pumpkins and watermelons were grown by 85.7% and 14.3% of respondent farmers, respectively. The constraints as ranked by the farmers were pests, diseases, drought, high transport and labour costs. Bacterial wilt, downy mildews, anthracnose powdery mildews and virus diseases in this order were the most common and important disease constraints.The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius), order hemiptera family aleyrodidae, aphids (Myzus Persicae, Sulzer), order hemiptera family aphidadae, melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae, Coquillett), order diptera family tephritidae and cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon, Hufnagel), order lepidoptera family noctuidae, were reported as the most limiting pests of watermelon and pumpkin production. Mixing of several agrochemicals was observed in watermelon fields coupled with gross lack of knowledge of proper usage or purpose of these chemicals may result in pesticide resistance, health and environmental hazards. CONCLUSION Pests, diseases, and drought constitute the main constraints affecting watermelon and pumpkin cultivation in Uganda. Whereas weeding using hand hoes is the most common method of weed control, application of ash was the main strategy for pest management in pumpkin, while in watermelons, pheromone traps and pesticides were frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred B. Masika
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gabriel Ddamulira
- National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Namulonge, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Shahasi Y. Athman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Perpetua Ipulet
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Morgan Andama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Arthur K. Tugume
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Indigenous vegetables of family Cucurbitaceae of Azad Kashmir: A key emphasis on their pharmacological potential. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269444. [PMID: 35658061 PMCID: PMC9165879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of extracts of different parts of Cucurbitaceae vegetables was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2’-azino bis (ethyl benzothiazoline 6)-sulphonic acid) methods. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. The correlation of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS in different extracts of Cucurbitaceae vegetables was analyzed. The peel extracts of studied vegetables had the highest TPC, (C. grandis 3.00±0.86, T. cucumerina 3.24±0.70 and C. moschata 3.12±0.06 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 DW) and TFC (C. grandis 18.96±1.5, T. cucumerina 13.92±1.41 and C. moschata 15.31±0.97 mg rutin equivalent (RE) g-1 DW). The maximum antioxidant potential was obtained by the ABTS method in peel extracts of C. grandis (78.7%) and C. moschata (63.5%) while in pulp extract of T. cucumerina (50.1%) at 10 μg/mL. The percent radical scavenging activity (% RSA) by the DPPH method found maximum for peel and pulp of C. grandis (45.15 and 45.15%, respectively) and peel of T. cucumerina (45.15%) and C. moschata (34.15%). The EC50 obtained in the ABTS method was 0.54 and 7.15 μg/mL for C. grandis and C. moschata, respectively while 0.81 μg/mL for the pulp of T. cucumerina compared to standard ascorbic acid (1.05 μg/mL). The EC50 calculated in the DPPH method was 11.78 μg/mL, 13.34 μg/mL, and 21.00 μg/mL for C. grandis, T. cucumerina, and C. moschata peel respectively compared to the standard Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Among each variable, the correlation between ABTS and TPC provided the highest positive correlation (r = 0.998, p< 0.05) in peel extracts.
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Selected Species of the Cucurbitaceae Family Used in Mexico for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113440. [PMID: 35684376 PMCID: PMC9182361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mexico, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem, and although the current pharmacological treatments for DM such as insulin and oral hypoglycemics are available, the Mexican population continues to use medicinal plants in the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic properties of the plant species that belong to the Cucurbitaceae family has already been recognized worldwide. Since Mexico is one of the most important centers of diversity of Cucurbitaceae, the present work contributes to the review of the most used species of Cucurbitaceae in the treatment of DM in Mexico. The reviewed species (Cucurbita ficifolia, C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo, Ibervillea sonorae, Sechium edule, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, and C. sativus) revealed that the antidiabetic effects exerted are effective in a number of mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of DM: hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, protective effects on diverse organs and cells, as well as in the control of dyslipidemias; furthermore, the select species of the Cucurbitaceae family could also be essential components of diets for the control of DM in patients with the disease. Thus, the Cucurbitaceae species selected in the present work represent a source of antidiabetic agents that perhaps establish the bases for novel clinical treatments.
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Batool M, Ranjha MMAN, Roobab U, Manzoor MF, Farooq U, Nadeem HR, Nadeem M, Kanwal R, AbdElgawad H, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Ibrahim SA. Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Potential, and Therapeutic Benefits of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita sp.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111394. [PMID: 35684166 PMCID: PMC9182978 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkin is a well-known multifunctional ingredient in the diet, full of nutrients, and has opened new vistas for scientists during the past years. The fruit of pumpkin including the flesh, seed, and peel are a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites, including proteins, carbohydrates, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, and many other phytochemicals. This climber is traditionally used in many countries, such as Austria, Hungary, Mexico, Slovenia, China, Spain, and several Asian and African countries as a functional food and provides health promising properties. Other benefits of pumpkin, such as improving spermatogenesis, wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-ulcerative properties, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have also been confirmed by researchers. For better drug delivery, nanoemulsions and niosomes made from pumpkin seeds have also been reported as a health promising tool, but further research is still required in this field. This review mainly focuses on compiling and summarizing the most relevant literature to highlight the nutritional value, phytochemical potential, and therapeutic benefits of pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Batool
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | | | - Ume Roobab
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiz Rehan Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.M.A.N.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Rabia Kanwal
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (U.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.I.)
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.A.I.)
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Nyirahabimana F, Shimira F, Zahid G, Solmaz I. Recent status of Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) Technology in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5547-5554. [PMID: 35596053 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current and advanced breeding tools are being used to improve economically important horticultural crops to meet the consumers' needs and preferences. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is an extremely useful tool in the investigation and analysis of the genetic diversity of different cultivars. Based on a broad range of genetic backgrounds like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), GBS is known as a novel technique to facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions robustly linked with interested traits compared to genome-wide association study (GWAS) and QTL. GBS has gained popularity among breeders in recent years and it is also employed in cucumber breeding programs. Cucumbers (C. sativus L.) are monoecious, gynoecious and some of them are parthenocarpic species. Cucumber is one of the most economical and essential crops in the Cucurbitaceae family. For time immemorial, cucumber has been produced and consumed all over the world like other cucurbits. To a large extent, cultivated cucurbits are beneficial to human health for providing necessary minerals and fibers.Therefore, this review portrays the current status of advances made by using GBS and its combination with other tools in various studies of cucumber such as the use of GBS and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, GBS and GWAS, also with QTL and marker-assisted selection (MAS) are applied to display and detect explicit genetic architecture complex traits in crops and chromosome rearrangements.Cucumber breeding programs have undoubtedly benefited from genotyping-by-sequencing. Using the GBS method, research discovered lots of new candidate genes that control various traits including spine color, fruit stalk-end color, and disease resistance in cucumber lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fildaus Nyirahabimana
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Flavien Shimira
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ghassan Zahid
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Solmaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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Evaluating Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation under Mulched on Yield and Quality of Pumpkin in a Cold and Arid Climate. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As the most effective irrigation method in arid and semi-arid regions, drip irrigation under mulch could general comprehension of the production efficiency of agricultural irrigation water, and reduce agriculture consumption of water resources. The paper has carried out an investigation over a two year period (2020–2021) in a semi-arid climate in the Hexi Oasis region of China, aiming at determining the influence of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under mulch on the growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and quality of pumpkin at different growth stages. A total of nine treatments with three irrigation levels (75–85% field capacity, 65–75% field capacity, and 55–65% field capacity) have been used in four growing periods of pumpkin (seedling, vine extension, fruit expansion, and maturation stages). The results have shown that light water deficit treatment at the seedling stage had the highest water use efficiency (12.47 kg/m3) without significantly affecting yield (45,966.90 kg/ha), and improved pumpkin fruit quality. It was concluded that light water deficit at the seedling stage and adequate irrigation at other development stages was the optimal irrigation strategy for pumpkin growth. The results of this research provide theoretical and technical support for efficient water-saving plantation and industrialization of pumpkin in the Hexi Oasis.
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Nutraceutical Profile of “Carosello” (Cucumis melo L.) Grown in an Out-of-Season Cycle under LEDs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040777. [PMID: 35453463 PMCID: PMC9026761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population is projected to increase to 9.9 billion by 2050 and, to ensure food security and quality, agriculture must sustainably multiply production, increase the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables, and preserve genetic variability. In this work, an Apulian landrace of Cucumis melo L. called “Carosello leccese” was grown in a greenhouse with a soilless technique under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used as supplementary light system. The obtained results showed that “Carosello leccese” contains up to 71.0 mg·g−1 dried weight (DW) of potassium and several bioactive compounds important for human health such as methyl gallate (35.58 µg·g−1 DW), α-tocopherol (10.12 µg·g−1 DW), and β-carotene (up to 9.29 µg·g−1 DW under LEDs). In fact, methyl gallate has antioxidative and antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo, tocopherols are well recognized for their effective inhibition of lipid oxidation in foods and biological systems and carotenoids are known to be very efficient physical and chemical quenchers of singlet oxygen. Finally, it was demonstrated that the LEDs’ supplementary light did not negatively influence the biochemical profile of the peponids, confirming that it can be considered a valid technique to enhance horticultural production without reducing the content of the bioactive compounds of the fruits.
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Maletti L, D’Eusanio V, Durante C, Marchetti A, Pincelli L, Tassi L. Comparative Analysis of VOCs from Winter Melon Pomace Fibers before and after Bleaching Treatment with H 2O 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072336. [PMID: 35408736 PMCID: PMC9000214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the trend of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in dietary fiber samples from the winter melon (Cucumis Melo var. Inodorus, Yellow Canary type) were investigated. This foodstuff, obtained as a by-product of agri-food production, has gained increasing attention and is characterized by many bioactive components and a high dietary-fiber content. As regards fiber, it is poorly colored, but it may be whitened by applying a bleaching treatment with H2O2. The result is a fibrous material for specific applications in food manufacturing, for example, as a corrector for some functional and technological properties. This treatment is healthy and safe for consumers and widely applied in industrial food processes. In this study, a method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for the characterization of the aromatic profile of the dried raw materials. Furthermore, VOC variation was investigated as function of the bleaching treatment with H2O2. The bleached samples were also analyzed after a long storage period (24 months), to assess their stability over time. As a result, the VOC fraction of the fresh raw fiber showed nine classes of analytes; these were restricted to seven for the bleached fiber at t0 time, and further reduced to four classes at the age of 24 months. Alcohols were the main group detected in the fresh raw sample (33.8 % of the total chromatogram area), with 2,3-butanediol isomers as the main compounds. These analytes decreased with time. An opposite trend was observed for the acids (9.7% at t0), which increased with time and became the most important class in the 24-month aged and bleached sample (57.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maletti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronica D’Eusanio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Caterina Durante
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Pincelli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Tassi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (L.P.); (L.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Can H, Ozyigit II, Can M, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit A, Yalcin IE. Multidimensional Scaling of the Mineral Nutrient Status and Health Risk Assessment of Commonly Consumed Fruity Vegetables Marketed in Kyrgyzstan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1902-1916. [PMID: 34050455 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intensive production of fruits and vegetables causes heavy metal accumulation. Consumption of this kind of foodstuff is a growing concern of the modern world with the additional distress of the supply of enough foodstuffs. To contribute to this global purpose, this research aimed to find out the mineral nutrient and heavy metal concentrations of commonly consumed fruity vegetables in Kyrgyzstan. Totally, ten different fruity type vegetables were collected from five different large bazaars of Kyrgyzstan. From these, 20 samples, including washed/unwashed rinds of vegetables, were quantified in terms of their B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of the fruity vegetables were found in the following range: B (1.392-25.816), Ca (92.814-4095.466), Cd (0.007-0.086), Cr (0.009-0.919), Cu (0.351-8.351), Fe (4.429-126.873), K (920.124-10,135.995), Mg (61.973-879.085), Mn (1.113-78.938), Na (36.132-266.475), Ni (0.039-1.215), Pb (0.081-2.906), and Zn (1.653-87.107) (mg kg-1). It was determined that red capia pepper was the vegetable having the highest daily nutritional value according to evaluation done in our study. Taking into account of the HI values, all of the vegetables analyzed were determined to be lower than the limit value of 1 that falls into acceptable limits in terms of being safe. Peppers demonstrated the highest variation in terms of the elemental content. The high Cr content rendered hot pepper risky for consumption by both genders regarding with CR, and in terms of CR, it has been observed that nickel contents being found in vegetables including tomatoes pose a moderate risk for consumption. Quite lower risk was detected in red/Brandy-wine tomatoes, eggplants, and cucumber for both genders. As most striking result in our study, the Brandy-wine type tomato was found to be healthiest (as well as safest) and nutritious vegetable looking from the viewpoint of consumption in Kyrgyzstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Can
- Department of Field Crops and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, 34722, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, 720038, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Merve Can
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Asli Hocaoglu-Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, 34722, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ertugrul Yalcin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, 34353, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yuan T, Ye F, Chen T, Li M, Zhao G. Structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of starches from winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.). Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Current strategies of combating bacterial infections are limited and involve the use of antibiotics and preservatives. Each of these agents has generally inadequate efficacy and a number of serious adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs and food preservatives with higher efficacy and lower toxicity. Edible plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are well known for their successful antimicrobial activity. Often photosensitizers are present in many edible plants; they could be a promising source for a new generation of drugs and food preservatives. The use of photodynamic therapy allows enhancement of antimicrobial properties in plant photosensitizers. The purpose of this review is to present the verified data on the antimicrobial activities of photodynamic phytochemicals in edible species of the world’s flora, including the various mechanisms of their actions.
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Cvetković D, Stanojević L, Zvezdanović J, Stanojević J, Savić D, Karabegović I, Danilović B. Pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a source of phytochemicals useful in food and pharmaceutical industries. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pro-Osteogenic Properties of Violina pumpkin ( Cucurbita moschata) Leaf Extracts: Data from In Vitro Human Primary Cell Cultures. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082633. [PMID: 34444791 PMCID: PMC8399764 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicines rely mainly on use of plant extracts to mitigate or treat a wide range of disorders, including those that affect skeletal homeostasis. In this study, we investigated for the first time the potential pro-osteogenic effects of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of the leaves of Cucurbita moschata, a very popular pumpkin cultivar in Western countries. We found that in Cucurbita moschata leaves, there are acetone-extractable substances—in particular, fatty acids such as 13-OH-9Z,11E,15E-octadecatrienoic acid (PU-13OH-FA), which is capable of both stimulating the function of human primary osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, and inhibiting the differentiation of human osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. This dual effect was monitored by analyzing Runx2 expression, deposition of mineralized matrix, ALP activity, TRAP and actin ring staining respectively. This study suggests that bioactive chemicals from Cucurbita moschata leaves are potentially suitable as therapeutics for managing metabolic bone disorders such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, and promoting tissue healing and functional recovery after bone fractures. The data we obtained increase knowledge on the biological activities of Cucurbita moschata, and in particular underline the potential benefits of consuming leaves which are a part of the plant currently little considered in the Western world.
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Martínez C, Valenzuela JL, Jamilena M. Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060894. [PMID: 34199481 PMCID: PMC8228042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.
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Muronga M, Quispe C, Tshikhudo PP, Msagati TAM, Mudau FN, Martorell M, Salehi B, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Sharifi-Rad J. Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625546. [PMID: 34054516 PMCID: PMC8155620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica species (Family Cucurbitaceae) are cultivated throughout the world for their edible fruits, leaves, shoots and seeds. Among the species of the genus Momordica, there are three selected species that are used as vegetable, and for medicinal purposes, Momordica charantia L (Bitter melon), Momordica foetida Schumach (Bitter cucumber) and Momordica balsamina L (African pumpkin). The fruits and leaves of these Momordica species are rich in primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, fibers, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc), β-carotene, foliate, ascorbic acid, among others. The extracts from Momordica species are used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and ailments in traditional medicine. Momordica species extracts are reputed to possess anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anthelmintic bioactivity, abortifacient, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and play chemo-preventive functions. In this review we summarize the biochemical, nutritional, and medicinal values of three Momordica species (M. charantia, M. foetida and M. balsamina) as promising and innovative sources of natural bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Muronga
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo
- Pest Risk Analysis, Directorate Plant Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Titus A. M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N. Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano P M B, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Busuioc AC, Botezatu AVD, Furdui B, Vinatoru C, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Dinica RM. Comparative Study of the Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Fresh Juices from Romanian Cucurbitaceae Varieties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225468. [PMID: 33238389 PMCID: PMC7700580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is a family of health-promoting plants due to their compounds with beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the chemical composition, the antioxidant activity and the metal chelating properties of fruit juices obtained from four different species of the Cucurbitaceae family cultivated in Romania, namely Momordica charantia, Cucumis metuliferus, Benincasa hispida and Trichosanthes cucumerina. The samples of juice were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and all the four species displayed high levels of the two triterpenes, oleanolic and ursolic acids, and also in phenolic compounds, including catechin, (−)-epicatechin and gallic acid. The juices demonstrated significant antioxidant activity against the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (ranging from 20 to 95%,), a good iron binding ability (ranging from 7.45 ± 0.28% to 86.95 ± 0.97%) and also promising antioxidant potential against the ABTS radical (ranging from 4.97 to 32.60 μETx/mL juice). Our findings raise interesting questions for further research on Cucurbitaceae fruit juices and, consequently, their very good antioxidant potential suggests these fruits should be further explored for their protective effect against oxidative damage. This is the first time the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of fruit juices from these four Romanian Cucurbitaceae varieties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cazanevscaia Busuioc
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
| | - Andreea-Veronica Dediu Botezatu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.-M.D.)
| | - Costel Vinatoru
- Buzău Vegetable Research and Development Station, 23, Mesteacănului Street, 120024 Buzau, Romania;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Rodica-Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.-M.D.)
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Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Haemostatic Studies of Preparations from Selected Vegetables from Cucurbitaceae Family. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184326. [PMID: 32967295 PMCID: PMC7570563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide detailed insight into the chemical composition and activity of five cucurbit vegetable preparations (pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, white and yellow pattypan squash), each containing various phytochemical compounds with potential use against oxidative stress induced by the hydroxyl radical donors in human plasma in vitro. We studied the antiradical capacity of vegetable preparations using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. As oxidative stress may induce changes in hemostasis, our aim included the determination of their effect on three selected hemostatic parameters of plasma, which are three coagulation times: PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) and TT (thrombin time). However, none of used vegetable preparations changed APTT, PT or TT compared to the control. The phytochemical composition of the tested preparations was determined by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. In our in vitro experiments, while all five tested preparations had antioxidant potential, the preparation from yellow pattypan squash showed the strongest potential. All cucurbit vegetable preparations inhibited lipid peroxidation. Only zucchini did not have an effect on protein carbonylation and only yellow pattypan squash inhibited thiol oxidation. The antioxidant activity of cucurbits appears to have triggered significant interest in multiple applications, including CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) associated with oxidative stress, which can be treated by supplementation based on these vegetables.
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Kopczyńska K, Kazimierczak R, Średnicka-Tober D, Barański M, Wyszyński Z, Kucińska K, Perzanowska A, Szacki P, Rembiałkowska E, Hallmann E. The Profile of Selected Antioxidants in Two Courgette Varieties from Organic and Conventional Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E404. [PMID: 32397495 PMCID: PMC7278829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Courgette is considered as a low-calorie vegetable with health-promoting properties. However, scientific publications focused on the profile and content of bioactive compounds in courgette, as well as the potential fruit quality modulating factors, are rare. Due to the high adaptability of courgette to weather and agronomic conditions, it is produced on a global scale. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of organic versus conventional agronomic practices on the concentration of selected antioxidants in courgette fruits. Fruits of two courgette varieties (Astra Polka and Nimba) produced in an organic and conventional system were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the content of polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), carotenoids, chlorophylls, and vitamin C. Organic courgette fruits were characterised by their significantly higher content of phenolic acids and flavonoids when compared to the conventionally grown fruit. The organic cultivation might be a good method to increase concentration of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties in courgette fruits. Nevertheless, the identified trends should be further confirmed, with attention paid to other courgette varieties, as well as to the potential interactions between the plant genotype, agronomic system and the location-specific growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kopczyńska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Renata Kazimierczak
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Dominika Średnicka-Tober
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Marcin Barański
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Zdzisław Wyszyński
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.K.); (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kucińska
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.K.); (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Aneta Perzanowska
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.K.); (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Szacki
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.K.); (A.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (R.K.); (M.B.); (E.R.); (E.H.)
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