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Rønne ME, Dybdahl Andersen C, Teze D, Beenfeldt Petersen A, Fredslund F, Stender EGP, Kirk Chaberski E, Holck J, Aachmann FL, Welner DH, Svensson B. Action and cooperation in alginate degradation by three enzymes from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. J Biol Chem 2024:107596. [PMID: 39032652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide consumed by humans in edible seaweed and different foods where it is applied as a texturizing hydrocolloid or in encapsulations of drugs and probiotics. While gut bacteria are found to utilize and ferment alginate to health beneficial short chain fatty acids, knowledge on details of the molecular reactions is sparse. Alginates are composed of mannuronic acid (M) and its C-5 epimer guluronic acid (G). An alginate related polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) has been identified in the gut bacterium Bacteroides eggerthii DSM 20697. The PUL encodes two polysaccharide lyases (PLs) from the PL6 (BePL6) and PL17 (BePL17) families as well as a KdgF-like metalloprotein (BeKdgF) known to catalyze ring-opening of 4,5-unsaturated monouronates yielding 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH). B. eggerthii DSM 20697 does not grow on alginate, but readily proliferates with a lag phase of a few hours in the presence of an endo-acting alginate lyase A1-I from the marine bacterium Sphingomonas sp. A1. The B. eggerthii lyases are both exo-acting and while BePL6 is strictly G-block specific, BePL17 prefers M-blocks. BeKdgF retained 10-27% activity in the presence of 0.1-1 mM EDTA. X-ray crystallography was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of BeKdgF, based on which a catalytic mechanism was proposed to involve Asp102, acting as acid/base having pKa of 5.9 as determined by NMR pH titration. BePL6 and BePL17 cooperate in alginate degradation with BeKdgF linearizing produced 4,5-unsaturated monouronates. Their efficiency of alginate degradation was much enhanced by addition of the A1-I alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E Rønne
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Dybdahl Andersen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Teze
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnes Beenfeldt Petersen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emil G P Stender
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Evan Kirk Chaberski
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- Enzyme Engineering and Structural Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Ning L, Zhu B, Yao Z. Separation, purification and structural characterization of marine oligosaccharides: A comprehensive and systematic review of chromatographic methods. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1719:464755. [PMID: 38394786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Marine oligosaccharides have now been applied in a wide range of industry due to various kinds of physiological activities. However, the oligosaccharides with different polymeric degrees (Dps) differed in physiological activities and applicable fields. So it is promising and essential to separate, purify and structurally characterize these oligosaccharides for understanding their structure-function relationship. This review will summarize the lasted developments in the separation, purification and structural characterization of marine oligosaccharides, including the alginate oligosaccharides, carrageenan oligosaccharides, agar oligosaccharides, chitin oligosaccharides and chitosan oligosaccharides, emphasizing the successful examples of methods for separation and purification. Furthermore, an outlook for preparation of functional oligosaccharides in food biotechnology and agriculture fields is also included. This comprehensive review could definitely promote the utilization of marine functional polysaccharides for food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ning
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Unraveling the bioactive interplay: seaweed polysaccharide, polyphenol and their gut modulation effect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37991467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2274453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is rich in many unique bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and sulfated polysaccharides that are not found in terrestrial plant. The discovery of numerous biological activities from seaweed has made seaweed an attractive functional food source with the potential to be exploited for human health benefits. During food processing and digestion, cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols commonly interact, and this may influence the nutritional properties of food. Interactions between cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols in plant-based system has been extensively studied. However, similar interactions in seaweed have received little attention despite the vast disparity between the structural and chemical composition of plant and seaweed cell wall. This poses a challenge in extracting seaweed bioactive compounds with intact biological properties. This review aims to summarize the cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols present in brown, red and green seaweed, and current knowledge on their potential interactions. Moreover, this review gives an overview of the gut modulation effect of seaweed polysaccharide and polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Jia Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Rønne ME, Tandrup T, Madsen M, Hunt CJ, Myers PN, Moll JM, Holck J, Brix S, Strube ML, Aachmann FL, Wilkens C, Svensson B. Three alginate lyases provide a new gut Bacteroides ovatus isolate with the ability to grow on alginate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0118523. [PMID: 37791757 PMCID: PMC10617595 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01185-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans consume alginate in the form of seaweed, food hydrocolloids, and encapsulations, making the digestion of this mannuronic acid (M) and guluronic acid (G) polymer of key interest for human health. To increase knowledge on alginate degradation in the gut, a gene catalog from human feces was mined for potential alginate lyases (ALs). The predicted ALs were present in nine species of the Bacteroidetes phylum, of which two required supplementation of an endo-acting AL, expected to mimic cross-feeding in the gut. However, only a new isolate grew on alginate. Whole-genome sequencing of this alginate-utilizing isolate suggested that it is a new Bacteroides ovatus strain harboring a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) containing three ALs of families: PL6, PL17, and PL38. The BoPL6 degraded polyG to oligosaccharides of DP 1-3, and BoPL17 released 4,5-unsaturated monouronate from polyM. BoPL38 degraded both alginates, polyM, polyG, and polyMG, in endo-mode; hence, it was assumed to deliver oligosaccharide substrates for BoPL6 and BoPL17, corresponding well with synergistic action on alginate. BoPL17 and BoPL38 crystal structures, determined at 1.61 and 2.11 Å, respectively, showed (α/α)6-barrel + anti-parallel β-sheet and (α/α)7-barrel folds, distinctive for these PL families. BoPL17 had a more open active site than the two homologous structures. BoPL38 was very similar to the structure of an uncharacterized PL38, albeit with a different triad of residues possibly interacting with substrate in the presumed active site tunnel. Altogether, the study provides unique functional and structural insights into alginate-degrading lyases of a PUL in a human gut bacterium.IMPORTANCEHuman ingestion of sustainable biopolymers calls for insight into their utilization in our gut. Seaweed is one such resource with alginate, a major cell wall component, used as a food hydrocolloid and for encapsulation of pharmaceuticals and probiotics. Knowledge is sparse on the molecular basis for alginate utilization in the gut. We identified a new Bacteroides ovatus strain from human feces that grew on alginate and encoded three alginate lyases in a gene cluster. BoPL6 and BoPL17 show complementary specificity toward guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) residues, releasing unsaturated oligosaccharides and monouronic acids. BoPL38 produces oligosaccharides degraded by BoPL6 and BoPL17 from both alginates, G-, M-, and MG-substrates. Enzymatic and structural characterization discloses the mode of action and synergistic degradation of alginate by these alginate lyases. Other bacteria were cross-feeding on alginate oligosaccharides produced by an endo-acting alginate lyase. Hence, there is an interdependent community in our guts that can utilize alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E. Rønne
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias Tandrup
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cameron J. Hunt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille N. Myers
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janne M. Moll
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jesper Holck
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael L. Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bacterial Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Structural Enzymology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Rivero-Ramos P, Unthank MG, Sanz T, Rodrigo MD, Benlloch-Tinoco M. Synergistic depolymerisation of alginate and chitosan by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment in the presence of H 2O 2. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120999. [PMID: 37321720 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physically-induced depolymerisation procedures are often preferred for obtaining alginate and chitosan oligosaccharides as they either do not use or make minimal use of additional chemicals; therefore, separation of the final products is facile. In this work, solutions of three types of alginate with different mannuronic and guluronic acid residues ratio (M/G ratio) and molecular weights (Mw) and one type of chitosan were non-thermally processed by applying high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) up to 500 MPa (20 min) or pulsed electric fields (PEF) up to 25 kV cm-1 (4000 μm) in the absence or presence of 3 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The impact on the physicochemical properties of alginate and chitosan was investigated by rheology, GPC, XRD, FTIR, and 1H NMR. In the rheological investigations, the apparent viscosities of all samples decreased with increasing shear rate, indicating a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behaviour. GPC results reported Mw reductions that ranged between 8 and 96 % for all treatments. NMR results revealed that HHP and PEF treatment predominantly reduced the M/G ratio of alginate and the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitosan, whilst H2O2 promoted an increase in the M/G ratio in alginate and DDA of chitosan. Overall, the present investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of HHP and PEF for rapidly producing alginate and chitosan oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rivero-Ramos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew G Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa Sanz
- Department of Food Safety and Preservation, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Rodrigo
- Department of Food Safety and Preservation, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Benlloch-Tinoco
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
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Sun XH, Chen XL, Wang XF, Zhang XR, Sun XM, Sun ML, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Zhang YQ, Xu F. Cost-effective production of alginate oligosaccharides from Laminaria japonica roots by Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans A3. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:179. [PMID: 37689719 PMCID: PMC10492272 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) are the degradation products of alginate, a natural polysaccharide abundant in brown algae. AOs generated by enzymatic hydrolysis have diverse bioactivities and show broad application potentials. AOs production via enzymolysis is now generally with sodium alginate as the raw material, which is chemically extracted from brown algae. In contrast, AOs production by direct degradation of brown algae is more advantageous on account of its cost reduction and is more eco-friendly. However, there have been only a few attempts reported in AOs production from direct degradation of brown algae. RESULTS In this study, an efficient Laminaria japonica-decomposing strain Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans A3 was screened. Based on the secretome and mass spectrum analyses, strain A3 showed the potential as a cell factory for AOs production by secreting alginate lyases to directly degrade L. japonica. By using the L. japonica roots, which are normally discarded in the food industry, as the raw material for both fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, AOs were produced by the fermentation broth supernatant of strain A3 after optimization of the alginate lyase production and hydrolysis parameters. The generated AOs mainly ranged from dimers to tetramers, among which trimers and tetramers were predominant. The degradation efficiency of the roots reached 54.58%, the AOs production was 33.11%, and the AOs purity was 85.03%. CONCLUSION An efficient, cost-effective and green process for AOs production directly from the underutilized L. japonica roots by using strain A3 was set up, which differed from the reported processes in terms of the substrate and strain used for fermentation and the AOs composition. This study provides a promising platform for scalable production of AOs, which may have application potentials in industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Jiang J, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Han S, Yang S. Releasing Bioactive Compounds from Brown Seaweed with Novel Cold-Adapted Alginate Lyase and Alcalase. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040208. [PMID: 37103348 PMCID: PMC10142901 DOI: 10.3390/md21040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are considered to be third-generation renewable biomasses, the comprehensive utilization of which has drawn increasing attention in recent years. A novel cold-active alginate lyase (VfAly7) was identified from Vibrio fortis and biochemically characterized for brown seaweed utilization. The alginate lyase gene was high-level expressed in Pichia pastoris, with an enzyme yield of 560 U/mL and a protein content of 9.8 mg/mL by high-cell density fermentation. The recombinant enzyme was most active at 30 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. VfAly7 was a bifunctional alginate lyase with both poly-guluronate and poly-mannuronate hydrolysis activities. On the basis of VfAly7, a bioconversion strategy for the utilization of brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) was developed. The obtained AOSs showed stronger prebiotic activity towards tested probiotics when compared to that of commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), while the obtained protein hydrolysates displayed strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 3.3 mg/mL. This study provided a novel alginate lyase tool as well as a biotransformation route for the utilization of seaweeds.
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Gu Q, Lu Y, Zhou J, Yang W, Wang K, Liu X, Yu X. Enhancement of catalytic performance of alginate lyase through combinational site-directed mutagenesis. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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In Vitro Evaluation of Brown Seaweed Laminaria spp. as a Source of Antibacterial and Prebiotic Extracts That Could Modulate the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050823. [PMID: 36899679 PMCID: PMC10000092 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminaria spp. and their extracts have preventative potential as dietary supplements during weaning in pigs. The first objective of this study was to evaluate increasing concentrations of four whole seaweed biomass samples from two different Laminaria species harvested in two different months in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay. Particularly, February and November whole seaweed biomass samples of L. hyperborea (LHWB-F and LHWB-N) and L. digitata (LDWB-F and LDWB-N) were used. In the next part of the study, the increasing concentrations of four extracts produced from L. hyperborea (LHE1-4) and L. digitata (LDE1-4) were evaluated in individual pure-culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains (second objective). The LHE1-4 and LDE1-4 were obtained using different combinations of temperature, incubation time and volume of solvent within a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (E1-4). In the batch fermentation assay, the L. hyperborea biomass samples, LHWB-F and LHWB-N, lowered Bifidobacterium spp. counts compared to the L. digitata biomass samples, LDWB-F and LDWB-N (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-N reduced Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). LHWB-F and LDWB-F were selected as the most and least promising sources of antibacterial extracts from which to produce LHE1-4 and LDE1-4. In the pure-culture growth assays, E1- and E4-produced extracts were predominantly associated with antibacterial and bifidogenic activities, respectively. LHE1 reduced both Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with LDE1 having a similar effect on both of these pathogenic strains, albeit to a lesser extent (p < 0.05). Both LHE1 and LDE1 reduced B. thermophilum counts (p < 0.05). LDE4 exhibited strong bifidogenic activity (p < 0.05), whereas LHE4 increased Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum counts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, antibacterial and bifidogenic extracts of Laminaria spp. were identified in vitro with the potential to alleviate gastrointestinal dysbiosis in newly weaned pigs.
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Saghir SAM, Al Hroob AM, Majrashi KA, Jaber FA, Abduh MS, Al-Gabri N, Albaqami NM, Abdelnour SA, Alqhtani AH, Abd El-Hack ME, Swelum AA, Simal-Gandara J. Effects of alginates on the growth, haematological, immunity, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory responses of rabbits under high temperature. Res Vet Sci 2023; 155:36-43. [PMID: 36634540 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most severe hurdles impacting rabbit growth, immunity, homeostasis, and productivity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have considerable beneficial effects due to their plausible antioxidant and immune-stimulatory properties. This work was planned to explore the preventive function of AOS as a new bio-feed additive against the harmful effects caused by environmental HS on growing rabbits. Rabbits were allotted in four experimental groups (25 animals in each group) and fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.0 (AOS0), 50 (AOS50), 100 (AOS100), and 150 (AOS150) mg AOS/kg diet reared under summer conditions. Dietary AOS supplementation improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001) feed conversion rate, while both AOS100 and AOS150 significantly (P ≤ 0.001) enhanced the final body weight and body weight gain. All AOS addition significantly increased nitric oxide and lysosome activity and significantly reduced interferon-gamma (IFNγ) compared with those in the control group. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase and protein carbonyl levels were significantly reduced in rabbits fed diets containing AOS (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared with those in the control group under heat stress conditions. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) improved with increasing AOS dietary levels compared with the control group. Still, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), eosinophils, and lymphocytes did not change. Erythrocyte's indices improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001), while neutrophils and white blood cell counts were decreased by dietary AOS inclusion. Immunological (IgM and IgG) were markedly reduced in AOS-treated groups compared with the control group. The current investigation exemplified that AOS as a novel bio-feed additive that could be an effective strategy to extenuate prejudicial effects in heat-stressed rabbits via enhancing immunity, and antioxidant defence system, further regulating the inflammation cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan A M Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Amir M Al Hroob
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Kamlah A Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisa S Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Al-Gabri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen; Laboratory of Salam Veterinary Group, Buraydah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najah M Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Li F. An exploration of alginate oligosaccharides modulating intestinal inflammatory networks via gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072151. [PMID: 36778853 PMCID: PMC9909292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) can be obtained by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The products obtained by different methods have different structures and physiological functions. AOS have received increasing interest because of their many health-promoting properties. AOS have been reported to exert protective roles for intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota, which is closely associated with intestinal inflammation, gut barrier strength, bacterial infection, tissue injury, and biological activities. However, the roles of AOS in intestinal inflammation network remain not well understood. A review of published reports may help us to establish the linkage that AOS may improve intestinal inflammation network by affecting T helper type 1 (Th1) Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and their secreted cytokines [the hub genes of protein-protein interaction networks include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] via the regulation of probiotics. The potential functional roles of molecular mechanisms are explored in this study. However, the exact mechanism for the direct interaction between AOS and probiotics or pathogenic bacteria is not yet fully understood. AOS receptors may be located on the plasma membrane of gut microbiota and will be a key solution to address such an important issue. The present paper provides a better understanding of the protecting functions of AOS on intestinal inflammation and immunity.
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12
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Chen C, Cao S, Zhu B, Jiang L, Yao Z. Biochemical characterization and elucidation the degradation pattern of a new cold-adapted and Ca2+ activated alginate lyase for efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Pi Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang Z, Bai Y, Liu X, Han D, Zhao J, Tobin I, Zhao J, Zhang G, Wang J. Alginate Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Promoting Bifidobacterium animalis and Intestinal Hyodeoxycholic Acid Synthesis in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0297922. [PMID: 36219101 PMCID: PMC9769733 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02979-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate (ALG) is known to alleviate intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we studied the involvement of the intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism in ALG-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in mice. A combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and targeted BA metabolomic profiling was employed to investigate structural and functional differences in the colonic microbiota and BA metabolism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice with or without dietary supplementation of ALG. We further explored the role of the intestinal microbiota as well as a selected ALG-enriched bacterium and BA in DSS-induced colitis. Dietary ALG alleviated DSS-mediated intestinal inflammation and enriched a small set of bacteria including Bifidobacterium animalis in the colon (P < 0.05). Additionally, ALG restored several bacteria carrying secondary BA-synthesizing enzymes such as 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and BA hydrolase to healthy levels in DSS-treated mice. Although a majority of BAs were suppressed by DSS, a few secondary BAs such as hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) were markedly enriched by ALG. Furthermore, ALG significantly upregulated the expression of a major BA receptor, the farnesoid X receptor, while suppressing NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Depletion of the intestinal microbiota completely abrogated the protective effect of ALG in DSS-treated mice. Similar to ALG, B. animalis and HDCA exerted a strong anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis by downregulating inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). Taken together, these results indicated that ALG achieves its alleviating effect on intestinal inflammation through regulation of the microbiota by enriching B. animalis to promote the biosynthesis of specific secondary BAs such as HDCA. These findings have revealed intricate interactions among the intestinal microbiota, BA metabolism, and intestinal health and further provided a novel strategy to improve intestinal health through targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota and BA metabolism. IMPORTANCE ALG has been shown to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but little is known about the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action. This study was the first to demonstrate that ALG provided a preventive effect against colitis in an intestinal microbiota-dependent manner. Furthermore, we confirmed that by selectively enriching intestinal B. animalis and secondary BA (HDCA), ALG contributed to the attenuation of DSS-induced colitis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of ALG on the attenuation of colitis and provide new approaches to IBD therapy by regulating gut microbial BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Dobruchowska JM, Bjornsdottir B, Fridjonsson OH, Altenbuchner J, Watzlawick H, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L, Kamerling JP, Hreggvidsson GO. Enzymatic depolymerization of alginate by two novel thermostable alginate lyases from Rhodothermus marinus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981602. [PMID: 36204061 PMCID: PMC9530828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alginate (alginic acid) is a linear polysaccharide, wherein (1→4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid and its C5 epimer, α-L-guluronic acid, are arranged in varying sequences. Alginate lyases catalyze the depolymerization of alginate, thereby cleaving the (1→4) glycosidic linkages between the monomers by a β-elimination mechanism, to yield unsaturated 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid (Δ) at the non-reducing end of resulting oligosaccharides (α-L-erythro configuration) or, depending on the enzyme, the unsaturated monosaccharide itself. In solution, the released free unsaturated monomer product is further hydrated in a spontaneous (keto-enol tautomerization) process to form two cyclic stereoisomers. In this study, two alginate lyase genes, designated alyRm3 and alyRm4, from the marine thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus (strain MAT378), were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were characterized, and their substrate specificity and product structures determined. AlyRm3 (PL39) and AlyRm4 (PL17) are among the most thermophilic and thermostable alginate lyases described to date with temperature optimum of activity at ∼75 and 81°C, respectively. The pH optimum of activity of AlyRm3 is ∼5.5 and AlyRm4 at pH 6.5. Detailed NMR analysis of the incubation products demonstrated that AlyRm3 is an endolytic lyase, while AlyRm4 is an exolytic lyase, cleaving monomers from the non-reducing end of oligo/poly-alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Dobruchowska
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josef Altenbuchner
- Institute for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Gerrit J. Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson
- Matís Ltd., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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15
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Viswanath K, Hayes M, Avni D. Inflammatory bowel disease - A peek into the bacterial community shift and algae-based ‘biotic’ approach to combat the disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Biochemical Characterization and Elucidation of the Hybrid Action Mode of a New Psychrophilic and Cold-Tolerant Alginate Lyase for Efficient Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080506. [PMID: 36005509 PMCID: PMC9410210 DOI: 10.3390/md20080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases with unique biochemical properties have irreplaceable value in food and biotechnology industries. Herein, the first new hybrid action mode Thalassotalea algicola-derived alginate lyase gene (TAPL7A) with both psychrophilic and cold-tolerance was cloned and expressed heterologously in E. coli. With the highest sequence identity (43%) to the exolytic alginate lyase AlyA5 obtained from Zobellia galactanivorans, TAPL7A was identified as a new polysaccharide lyases family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase. TAPL7A has broad substrate tolerance with specific activities of 4186.1 U/mg, 2494.8 U/mg, 2314.9 U/mg for polyM, polyG, and sodium alginate, respectively. Biochemical characterization of TAPL7A showed optimal activity at 15 °C, pH 8.0. Interestingly, TAPL7A exhibits both extreme psychrophilic and cold tolerance, which other cold-adapted alginate lyase do not possess. In a wide range of 5–30 °C, the activity can reach 80–100%, and the residual activity of more than 70% can still be maintained after 1 h of incubation. Product analysis showed that TAPL7A adopts a hybrid endo/exo-mode on all three substrates. FPLC and ESI-MS confirmed that the final products of TAPL7A are oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (Dps) of 1–2. This study provides excellent alginate lyase candidates for low-temperature environmental applications in food, agriculture, medicine and other industries.
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17
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Influence of Excipient Composition on Survival of Vaginal Lactobacilli in Electrospun Nanofibers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061155. [PMID: 35745728 PMCID: PMC9229553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of appropriate delivery systems hinders the use of probiotics in the treatment of vaginal infections. Therefore, the development of a new delivery system for the local administration of vaginal probiotics is necessary. In this study, we selected three vaginal lactobacilli, i.e., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii, and incorporated them into nanofibers using electrospinning. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as a carrier polymer to produce nanofibers. It was supplemented with alginate and sucrose selected from a group of carbohydrates for their growth-promoting effect on lactobacilli. The interaction between excipients and lactobacilli was evaluated thermally and spectroscopically. Bacterial survival in polymer solutions and in nanofibers immediately after electrospinning and after storage varied among species and was dependent on the formulation. Sucrose improved the survival in polymer solutions and preserved the viability of L. crispatus and L. jensenii immediately after electrospinning, and L. gasseri and L. jensenii during storage. Blending PEO with alginate did not improve species viability. However, the three lactobacilli in the nanofibers retained some viability after 56 days, indicating that composite multifunctional nanofibers can maintain the viability of vaginal lactobacilli and can be used as a potential solid delivery system for vaginal administration of probiotics.
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. The Prebiotic Effect of Australian Seaweeds on Commensal Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Simulated Gut Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102163. [PMID: 35631304 PMCID: PMC9146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is known to affect the composition and metabolite production of the human gut microbial community, which in turn is linked with the health and immune status of the host. Whole seaweeds (WH) and their extracts contain prebiotic components such as polysaccharides (PS) and polyphenols (PP). In this study, the Australian seaweeds, Phyllospora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Ulva ohnoi, and their PS and PP extracts were assessed for potential prebiotic activities using an in vitro gut model that included fresh human faecal inoculum. 16S rRNA sequencing post gut simulation treatment revealed that the abundance of several taxa of commensal bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes linked with short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut and immune function, including the lactic acid producing order Lactobacillales and the chief butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacteria, Roseburia, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus were significantly enhanced by the inclusion of WH, PS and PP extracts. After 24 h fermentation, the abundance of total Firmicutes ranged from 57.35−81.55% in the WH, PS and PP samples, which was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than the inulin (INU) polysaccharide control (32.50%) and the epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) polyphenol control (67.13%); with the exception of P. comosa PP (57.35%), which was significantly greater than INU only. However, all WH, PS and PP samples also increased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; while the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was decreased by WH and PS samples. After 24 h incubation, the total and individual SCFAs present, including butyric, acetic and propionic acids produced by bacteria fermented with E. radiata and U. ohnoi, were significantly greater than the SCFAs identified in the INU and EGCG controls. Most notably, total SCFAs in the E. radiata PS and U. ohnoi WH samples were 227.53 and 208.68 µmol/mL, respectively, compared to only 71.05 µmol/mL in INU and 7.76 µmol/mL in the EGCG samples. This study demonstrates that whole seaweeds and their extracts have potential as functional food ingredients to support normal gut and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059980
| | - Michael Conlon
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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Glucosylceramide Changes Bacterial Metabolism and Increases Gram-Positive Bacteria through Tolerance to Secondary Bile Acids In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105300. [PMID: 35628110 PMCID: PMC9141989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide is present in many foods, such as crops and fermented foods. Most glucosylceramides are not degraded or absorbed in the small intestine and pass through the large intestine. Glucosylceramide exerts versatile effects on colon tumorigenesis, skin moisture, cholesterol metabolism and improvement of intestinal microbes in vivo. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. To gain insight into the effect of glucosylceramide on intestinal microbes, glucosylceramide was anaerobically incubated with the dominant intestinal microbe, Blautia coccoides, and model intestinal microbes. The metabolites of the cultured broth supplemented with glucosylceramide were significantly different from those of broth not treated with glucosylceramide. The number of Gram-positive bacteria was significantly increased upon the addition of glucosylceramide compared to that in the control. Glucosylceramide endows intestinal microbes with tolerance to secondary bile acid. These results first demonstrated that glucosylceramide plays a role in the modification of intestinal microbes.
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Biofunctionalization of Endolysins with Oligosacharides: Formulation of Therapeutic Agents to Combat Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Potential Strategies for Their Application. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aquaculture sector, the biofunctionalization of biomaterials is discussed using materials from algae and analyzed as a possible potential strategy to overcome the challenges that hinder the future development of the application of endolysins in this field. Derived from years of analysis, endolysins have recently been considered as potential alternative therapeutic antibacterial agents, due to their attributes and ability to combat multi-resistant bacterial cells when applied externally. On the other hand, although the aquaculture sector has been characterized by its high production rates, serious infectious diseases have led to significant economic losses that persist to this day. Although there are currently interesting data from studies under in vitro conditions on the application of endolysins in this sector, there is little or no information on in vivo studies. This lack of analysis can be attributed to the relatively low stability of endolysins in marine conditions and to the complex gastrointestinal conditions of the organisms. This review provides updated information regarding the application of endolysins against multi-resistant bacteria of clinical and nutritional interest, previously addressing their important characteristics (structure, properties and stability). In addition, regarding the aquaculture sector, the biofunctionalization of biomaterials is discussed using materials from algae and analyzed as a possible potential strategy to overcome the challenges that hinder the future development of the application of endolysins in this field.
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21
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Ishikawa D, Zhang X, Nomura K, Seki N, Haraikawa M, Haga K, Shibuya T, Kim YG, Nagahara A. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Combination Therapy With Post-triple-antibiotic-therapy Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Alginate for Ulcerative Colitis: Protocol. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:779205. [PMID: 35273972 PMCID: PMC8902497 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.779205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been widely performed for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment at the clinical trial stage. Previous reports have used multiple FMT methods to enhance the colonization of healthy donor microbiota in the recipient's intestines. FMT following triple antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole (A-FMT) is not only effective but also requires only one FMT, which improves dysbiosis caused by reduced Bacteroidetes diversity in patients with UC. Alginate and its derivatives have the potential to induce the growth of intestinal bacteria including Bacteroides members and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial in regulating overactive autoimmunity. Our trial aims to investigate whether post-intervention with alginate, which can improve the intestinal environment, will enhance the therapeutic effect of A-FMT in UC and increase the long-term remission rate. Methods and Analysis This trial is a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel assignment trial. Patients with UC and fecal donation candidates will undergo strict screening before being involved in the trial. Eligible patients are randomly divided into two groups: one group will drink one bottle of alginate twice a day for 8 consecutive weeks after A-FMT, while the other group will take a placebo instead of the alginate drink. The primary endpoints are the changes in the Total Mayo Score at 8 weeks after study initiation and A-FMT from baseline. The secondary endpoint is the comparison of clinical features, microbiota, and metabolomic analysis before and after 8 weeks of study food intake. Changes at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after A-FMT will be assessed. Finally, a subpopulation analysis of the relationship between patients and donors is an exploratory endpoint. Discussion The FMT post-treatment used in this study is an oral alginate drink that is easily accepted by patients. If the regimen achieves the desired results, it can further improve the A-FMT regimen and provide evidence for clinical practice guidelines for UC. Clinical Trial Registration https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031200103, identifier: jRCTs031200103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Intestinal Microbiota Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Seki
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Haraikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Intestinal Microbiota Therapy, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Xue Z, Sun XM, Chen C, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Fan SJ, Xu F. A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification, Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:159. [PMID: 35323458 PMCID: PMC8953905 DOI: 10.3390/md20030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonasarctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Meng Sun
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Cui Chen
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
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Biochemical Characterization and Cold-Adaption Mechanism of A PL-17 Family Alginate Lyase Aly23 from Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. ASY5 and Its Application for Oligosaccharides Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020126. [PMID: 35200655 PMCID: PMC8876620 DOI: 10.3390/md20020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important enzyme involved in the marine carbon cycle, alginate lyase has received extensive attention because of its excellent degradation ability on brown algae, which is widely utilized for alginate oligosaccharide preparation or bioethanol production. In comparison with endo-type alginate lyases (PL-5, PL-7, and PL-18 families), limited studies have focused on PL-17 family alginate lyases, especially for those with special characteristics. In this study, a novel PL-17 family alginate lyase, Aly23, was identified and cloned from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5. Aly23 exhibited maximum activity at 35 °C and retained 48.93% of its highest activity at 4 °C, representing an excellent cold-adaptation property. Comparative molecular dynamics analysis was implemented to explore the structural basis for the cold-adaptation property of Aly23. Aly23 had a high substrate preference for poly β-D-mannuronate and exhibited both endolytic and exolytic activities; its hydrolysis reaction mainly produced monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides. Furthermore, the enzymatic hydrolyzed oligosaccharides displayed good antioxidant activities to reduce ferric and scavenge radicals, such as hydroxyl, ABTS+, and DPPH. Our work demonstrated that Aly23 is a promising cold-adapted biocatalyst for the preparation of natural antioxidants from brown algae.
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Li T, Huang S, Wang J, Yin P, Liu H, Sun C. Alginate oligosaccharides protect against fumonisin B1-induced intestinal damage via promoting gut microbiota homeostasis. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110927. [PMID: 35181098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), one of the most common mycotoxins contaminating feed and food, has been shown to induce intestinal barrier degradation. However, its role on gut microbiota in this process is still unclear. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have been reported to exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic function partially via modulation the gut microbiota. However, little is known about the beneficial effect of AOS on gut microbiota upon FB1 exposure. Results show that FB1 degraded intestinal epithelial barrier function as evidenced by increased pathological epithelial cell shedding, reduced the number of goblet cells, and promoted intestinal cell apoptosis. Markedly, FB1 disturbed the cecal and fecal microbiota composition. FB1 increased the level of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes. FB1 largely inhibited the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). AOS greatly ameliorated FB1-induced intestinal damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress (eg., T-SOD and MDA). AOS alleviated gut microbial dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes such as Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia, and increasing SCFAs production upon FB1 exposure. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that FB1- and AOS-treated gut microbiota alteration is closely associated with the change of intestinal phenotype. We have thus provided a novel insight into the protective role of AOS on FB1-induced gut microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hujun Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Changpo Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China; Standards and Quality Center of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, China.
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Marine microbial enzymes for the production of algal oligosaccharides and its bioactive potential for application as nutritional supplements. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:175-191. [PMID: 34997524 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae have a very high carbohydrate content due to complex algal polysaccharides (APS) like agar, alginate, and ulvan in their cell wall. Despite numerous reports on their biomedical properties, their hydrocolloid nature limits their applications. Algal oligosaccharides (AOS), which are hydrolyzed forms of complex APS, are gaining importance due to their low molecular weight, biocompatibility, bioactivities, safety, and solubility in water that makes it a lucrative alternative. The AOS produced through enzymatic hydrolysis using microbial enzymes have far-reaching applications because of its stereospecific nature. Identification and characterization of novel microorganisms producing APS hydrolyzing enzymes are the major bottlenecks for the efficient production of AOS. This review will discuss the marine microbial enzymes identified for AOS production and the bioactive potential of enzymatically produced AOS. This can improve our understanding of the biotechnological potential of microbial enzymes for the production of AOS and facilitate the sustainable utilization of algal biomass. Enzymatically produced AOS are shown to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, antiglycemic, prebiotic, immunomodulation, antiobesity or antihypercholesterolemia, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. The myriad of health benefits provided by the AOS is the need of the hour as there is an alarming increase in physiological disorders among a wide range of the global population.
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Cai B, Yi X, Han Q, Pan J, Chen H, Sun H, Wan P. Structural characterization of oligosaccharide from Spirulina platensis and its effect on the faecal microbiota in vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Tedesco S, Hurst G, Randviir E, Francavilla M. A comparative investigation of non-catalysed versus catalysed microwave-assisted hydrolysis of common North and South European seaweeds to produce biochemicals. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Xiong F, Liang HX, Zhang ZJ, Mahmud T, Chan ASC, Li X, Lan WJ. Characterization, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Oligosaccharides Isolated from Evodia lepta (Spreng) Merr. by Different Extraction Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111842. [PMID: 34829713 PMCID: PMC8614670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evodia lepta (E. lepta) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with various biological activities. One of the active components of this widely used medicinal plant is believed to be an oligosaccharide. The extraction yields, structural characteristics, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of four oligosaccharide extracts obtained by hot water extraction (HEO), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEO), enzyme-assisted (EEO), and microwave-assisted extraction (MEO) were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the extraction methods had a difference on the molecular mass distribution, structure, and morphology of the EOs. In addition, HEO and MEO showed strong antioxidant activities, which might be related to their uronic acid and protein contents. More interestingly, MEO was more active toward MDA-MB-231 cells compared to other cells, and cell growth inhibition was proposed to occur through apoptosis. Overall, microwave-assisted extraction is a promising technique for the extraction of high quality EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Hui-Xian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
| | - Xia Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guiling 541004, China;
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.X.); (H.-X.L.); (Z.-J.Z.); (A.S.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-3994-3042
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Vázquez-Rodríguez B, Santos-Zea L, Heredia-Olea E, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Santacruz A, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Cruz-Suárez LE. Effects of phlorotannin and polysaccharide fractions of brown seaweed Silvetia compressa on human gut microbiota composition using an in vitro colonic model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Patel AK, Singhania RR, Awasthi MK, Varjani S, Bhatia SK, Tsai ML, Hsieh SL, Chen CW, Dong CD. Emerging prospects of macro- and microalgae as prebiotic. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:112. [PMID: 34090444 PMCID: PMC8180151 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macro- and microalgae-based foods are becoming popular due to their high nutritious value. The algal biomass is enriched with polysaccharides, protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. However, the most promising fraction is polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives (as dietary fibers) which are not entirely fermented by colonic bacteria hence act as potential prebiotic. Primarily, algae become famous as prominent protein sources. Recently, these are widely adopted as functional food (e.g., desserts, dairy products, oil-derivatives, pastas etc.) or animal feed (for poultry, cattle, fish etc.). Besides prebiotic and balanced amino acids source, algae derived compounds implied as therapeutics due to comprising bioactive properties to elicit immunomodulatory, antioxidative, anticancerous, anticoagulant, hepato-protective, and antihypertensive responses. Despite the above potentials, broader research determinations are inevitable to explore these algal compounds until microalgae become a business reality for broader and specific applications in all health domains. However, scale up of algal bioprocess remains a major challenge until commercial affordability is accomplished which can be possible by discovering their hidden potentials and increasing their value and application prospects. This review provides an overview of the significance of algae consumption for several health benefits in humans and animals mainly as prebiotics, however their functional food and animal feed potential are briefly covered. Moreover, their potential to develop an algal-based food industry to meet the people's requirements not only as a sustainable food solution with several health benefits but also as therapeutics is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan.
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Corino C, Di Giancamillo A, Modina SC, Rossi R. Prebiotic Effects of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1573. [PMID: 34072221 PMCID: PMC8229765 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure environmental sustainability, according to the European Green Deal and to boost the One Health concept, it is essential to improve animals' health and adopt sustainable and natural feed ingredients. Over the past decade, prebiotics have been used as an alternative approach in order to reduce the use of antimicrobials, by positively affecting the gut microbiota and decreasing the onset of several enteric diseases in pig. However, dietary supplementation with seaweed polysaccharides as prebiotics has gained attention in recent years. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae contain several polysaccharides: laminarin, fucoidan, and alginates are found in brown seaweeds, carrageenan in red seaweeds, and ulvan in green seaweeds. The present review focuses on studies evaluating dietary seaweed polysaccharide supplementation in pig used as prebiotics to positively modulate gut health and microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.G.); (S.C.M.)
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32
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Xie XT, Cheong KL. Recent advances in marine algae oligosaccharides: structure, analysis, and potential prebiotic activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7703-7717. [PMID: 33939558 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1916736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae contain abundant polysaccharides that support a range of health-promoting activities; however, the high molecular weight, high viscosity, and low solubility of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) limit their application in food, agriculture and medicine. Thus, as the degradation products of MAPs, marine algae oligosaccharides (MAOs) have drawn increasing attention. Most MAOs are non-digestible by digestive enzyme in the human gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented by bacteria in the gut and converted into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). MAOs can selectively enhance the activities of some populations of beneficial bacteria and stimulate a series of prebiotic effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumour. However, the exact structures of MAOs and their prebiotic activities are, to a large extent, unexplored. This review summarizes recent advances in the sources, categories, and structure analysis methods of MAOs, emphasizing their effects on gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs as well as the resulting range of probiotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
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Al-Najjar MAA, Athamneh T, AbuTayeh R, Basheti I, Leopold C, Gurikov P, Smirnova I. Evaluation of the orally administered calcium alginate aerogel on the changes of gut microbiota and hepatic and renal function of Wistar rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247633. [PMID: 33909615 PMCID: PMC8081240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of calcium alginate aerogel as a potential drug carrier, on the liver and kidney functions, and on the gut microbiota of Wistar rats. The studied alginate aerogel was prepared in the form of nanoparticles using the jet cutting technique, and they were characterized in terms of specific surface areas, outer morphology and particle size distribution. For the in vivo study, calcium alginate aerogel was administered orally, and liver and kidney functions were tested for one week and for four weeks in two distinct studies. During the short-term in vivo study, feces samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses to detect changes in gut microbiota. Results showed that the prepared alginate aerogel has an average BET-specific surface area of around 540 m2/g, with a pore volume of 7.4 cc/g, and pore width of 30–50 nm. The in vivo study revealed that the levels of the studied kidney and liver enzymes didn’t exceed the highest level of the normal range. The study of gut microbiota showed different patterns; certain groups of bacteria, such as Clostridia and Bacteriodia, increased during the aerogels regime and continued to increase after the aerogel was stopped. While other groups such as Erysipelotrichia, and Candidatus saccharibacteria increased during aerogels treatment, and then decreased again after one month. Members of the Bacilli class showed a unique trend, that is, after being the most abundant group (63%) at time 0, their relative abundance decreased dramatically until it reached < 5%; which was the case even after stopping the aerogel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- * E-mail: (MAAA); (TA)
| | - Tamara Athamneh
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MAAA); (TA)
| | - Reem AbuTayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Iman Basheti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Claudia Leopold
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Enzymatic Process for Cystoseira barbata Valorization: Ethanol Production and Additional By-Products. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.
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Jagtap AS, Manohar CS. Overview on Microbial Enzymatic Production of Algal Oligosaccharides for Nutraceutical Applications. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:159-176. [PMID: 33763808 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global requirement for algal foods is increasing, as they are progressively consumed for its nutrition and health. Macroalgae is a proven source of metabolites, proteins, pigments, bioactive compounds, and algal polysaccharides. The unique polysaccharides such as agar, carrageenan, porphyran, alginate, fucoidan, laminarin, and ulvan are known for its wide range of bioactivities and extensively used for applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. However, there are few limitations due to its high molecular size, low compatibility, and hydrocolloid nature. Hence, the enzymatically produced algal oligosaccharides have drawn tremendous attention due to its green synthesis, solubility, and lower molecular size. They are reported to have bioactivities including antioxidant, antiglycemic, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and prebiotic activities, which can be used in the healthcare and nutraceutical industry for the manufacture of functional foods and dietary supplements. However, identification of potential microorganisms, producing polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes, remains a major bottle neck for efficient utilization of bioactive algal oligosaccharides. This review summarizes the recent developments in the identification and characterization of microbial enzymes for the production of bioactive algal oligosaccharides. This can improve our understanding of bioactive algal oligosaccharides and pave way for efficient utilization of macroalgae to prevent various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok S Jagtap
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Cathrine S Manohar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
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Abd-Elazeem OM, Osman NA, El-Shenawy NS. Bioactive Compounds of Seaweeds and Their Effects on Certain Types of Cancer. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 8:112-119. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. So far, no completely effective method has been found for cancer treatment. Therefore, the rise of using natural products has been proposed as an alternative therapy in this regard. For many years, the seaweed has been a source of many functional bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, terpenes, and many others. These compounds have shown many bioactivities including anticancer activity against different kinds of cancer. Bioactive compounds obtained from the seaweed have been demonstrated to cause apoptosis in cancer cells and trigger cell cycle arrest with low cytotoxicity against normal cells. In this review, it was attempted to shed light on the anticancer activity of some seaweed-derived bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nehal A.H.k. Osman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahla S. El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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37
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Jeong HR, Yoo JS, Choi YL, Jang YS, Lee YS. Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant polysaccharide lyase from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:452-462. [PMID: 33358946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate and its derivatives are annually produced approximately 30,000 tons or more and are applied to various industries as they are natural polymers. The global market for alginate and its derivatives has been growing steadily. There is little research compared to other enzymes produced through biomass degradation or modification. An alginate lyase, MtAl138, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). MtAl138 contains a highly conserved motif (R538TELR, Q607IH609, and YFKAGVY716NQ), which indicates that it belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). MtAl138, with a molecular weight of 77 kDa worked optimally at 45 °C and pH 7.4. MtAl138 showed twice as much activity as when there was no NaCl when there was between 100 and 600 mM NaCl. Moreover, its activity increased in organic solvents such as benzene, hexane, methanol, and toluene. Based on the thin layer chromatography analyses, MtAl38 is an endo-type enzyme that produces di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharides from polyG and polyM. This study provided that MtAl138 is an endoenzyme that showed outstanding enzymatic activity at concentrated salt solutions and organic solvents, which makes it a reasonably attractive enzyme for use in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Soon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lark Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science Technology, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Cheng D, Jiang C, Xu J, Liu Z, Mao X. Characteristics and applications of alginate lyases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1304-1320. [PMID: 32745554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae, as the main source of alginate, are a type of marine biomass with a very high output. Alginate, a polysaccharide composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G), has great potential for applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate lyases (Alys) can degrade alginate polymers into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides, resulting in a broad application field. Alys can be used for both the production of alginate oligosaccharides and the biorefinery of brown algae. In view of their important functions, an increasing number of Alys have been isolated and characterized. For better application, a comprehensive understanding of Alys is essential. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized recently discovered Alys, discussed their characteristics, and introduced their structural properties, degradation patterns and biological roles in alginate-degrading organisms. In addition, applications of Alys have been illustrated with examples. This paper provides a relatively comprehensive description of Alys, which is significant for Alys exploration and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Singh RP, Bhaiyya R, Khandare K, Tingirikari JMR. Macroalgal dietary glycans: potential source for human gut bacteria and enhancing immune system for better health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1674-1695. [PMID: 33190530 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1845605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae are the diverse group of photosynthetic algae found at the intertidal regions of oceans. Recent advances suggest that macroalgal derived glycans have tremendous potential to maintain gut microbiome and immune system. The human gut bacteria harbor unique arsenals for utilizing a variety of macroalgal glycans, and produce a variety of oligosaccharides in vivo. Those oligosaccharides interact with immune cell receptors, and also are available for microbial fermentation, thus play magnificent roles in balancing the gut homeostasis. However, this area of research is still in infancy condition in term to understand their molecular interactions. For wooing this area, we urge to emphasize more studies on mechanistic level sympathetic of depolymerizing marine dietary glycans by gut bacteria and elucidating molecular aspect of glycans to cell receptors interactions. This will invent new nutraceutical strategies to purposefully manipulate the microbial composition to improve health. Therefore, review focuses on the recent development of mechanistic understanding of human gut bacterial communities for utilizing macroalgal derived glycans. Recent trends of application of glycans in modulating immune system at mechanistic level and their available evidences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Punjab, India
| | - Raja Bhaiyya
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Khandare
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Punjab, India
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Biris-Dorhoi ES, Michiu D, Pop CR, Rotar AM, Tofana M, Pop OL, Socaci SA, Farcas AC. Macroalgae-A Sustainable Source of Chemical Compounds with Biological Activities. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3085. [PMID: 33050561 PMCID: PMC7601163 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most important research directions that concerns the scientific world is to exploit the earth's resources in a sustainable way. Considering the increasing interest in finding new sources of bioactive molecules and functional products, many research studies focused their interest on demonstrating the sustainability of exploiting marine macroalgal biomass as feedstock for wastewater treatment and natural fertilizer, conversion into green biofuels, active ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, or even for the production of functional ingredients and integration in the human food chain. The objective of the present paper was to provide an overview on the recent progress in the exploitation of different macroalgae species as a source of bioactive compounds, mainly emphasizing the latter published data regarding their potential bioactivities, health benefits, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Suzana Biris-Dorhoi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Delia Michiu
- Department of Food Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen R. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Ancuta M. Rotar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Maria Tofana
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Oana L. Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Sonia A. Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Anca C. Farcas
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.-S.B.-D.); (C.R.P.); (A.M.R.); (M.T.); (O.L.P.)
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Okolie CL, Mason B, Mohan A, Pitts N, Udenigwe CC. Extraction technology impacts on the structure-function relationship between sodium alginate extracts and their in vitro prebiotic activity. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zhao J, Han Y, Wang Z, Zhang R, Wang G, Mao Y. Alginate oligosaccharide protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress injury via integrin-α/FAK/PI3K signaling. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2749-2758. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Gotteland M, Riveros K, Gasaly N, Carcamo C, Magne F, Liabeuf G, Beattie A, Rosenfeld S. The Pros and Cons of Using Algal Polysaccharides as Prebiotics. Front Nutr 2020; 7:163. [PMID: 33072794 PMCID: PMC7536576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae stand out for their high content of dietary fiber (30–75%) that include soluble, sulfated (fucoidan, agaran, carrageenan, and ulvan) and non-sulfated (laminaran and alginate) polysaccharides. Many studies indicate that these compounds exert varied biological activities and health-promoting effects and for this reason, there is a growing interest for using them in food products. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate prebiotic properties of algal polysaccharides, i.e., their ability to exert biological activities by modulating the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota (GM). Pre-clinical studies show that the non-sulfated alginate and laminaran are well-fermented by GM, promoting the formation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, and preventing that of harmful putrefactive compounds (NH3, phenol, p-cresol, indole and H2S). Alginate increases Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus species while laminaran mostly stimulates Bacteroides sp. Results with sulfated polysaccharides are more questionable. Agarans are poorly fermentable but agarose-oligosaccharides exhibit an interesting prebiotic potential, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFAs. Though carrageenan-oligosaccharides are also fermented, their use is currently limited due to safety concerns. Regarding fucoidan, only one study reports SCFAs production, suggesting that it is poorly fermented. Its effect on GM does not indicate a clear pattern, making difficult to conclude whether it is beneficial or not. Notably, fucoidan impact on H2S production has not been evaluated, though some studies report it increases sulfate-reducing bacteria. Ulvan is badly fermented by GM and some studies show that part of its sulfate is dissimilated to H2S, which could affect colonic mitochondrial function. Accordingly, these results support the use of laminaran, alginate and agaro-oligosaccharides as prebiotics while more studies are necessary regarding that of fucoidan, carrageenan and ulvan. However, the realization of clinical trials is necessary to confirm such prebiotic properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Riveros
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Carcamo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Beattie
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de Ecosistemas Australes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang C, Wang W, Zhao X, Wang H, Yin H. Preparation of alginate oligosaccharides and their biological activities in plants: A review. Carbohydr Res 2020; 494:108056. [PMID: 32559511 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is the degradation product of alginates extracted from brown algae. As a multifunctional oligomer, it has attracted widespread attention in plant research. Different methods of preparation generate AOS possessing diverse structural properties, and result in differences in AOS activity. In this review, the methods of preparation and characterization of AOS are briefly summarized, followed by a systematic introduction to the activity and mechanisms of AOS in plants. AOS can act as a growth promoter at different growth stages of plants. AOS also enhances resistance to pathogens, drought, salt, heavy metals and other stressors by triggering plant immunity, exerting bioactivity just like a pathogen-associated molecular pattern. In addition, AOS can regulate ABA biosynthesis and metabolite to preserve fruit quality and enhance shelf life. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the biological activity of AOS in plants, which will support research and the application of AOS treatments for plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Chang L, Wang P, Sun S, Shen Z, Jiang X. A synbiotic marine oligosaccharide microcapsules for enhancing Bifidobacterium longum survivability and regulatory on intestinal probiotics. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Chang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China No. 5, Yushan Road Qingdao266003China
| | - Peng Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group) No. 1, Jiaozhou Road Qingdao266011China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Qingdao Women and Children Hospital No. 6, Tongfu Road Qingdao266034China
| | - Zhaopeng Shen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China No. 5, Yushan Road Qingdao266003China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao No. 23, Hong Kong Eastern Road Qingdao266071China
| | - Xiaolu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China No. 5, Yushan Road Qingdao266003China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao No. 23, Hong Kong Eastern Road Qingdao266071China
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Radical Depolymerization of Alginate Extracted from Moroccan Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of alginate extracted from Moroccan Bifurcaria bifurcata has not been fully established to date. In this work, we report the extraction and the characterization of alginate (ASBB) from the brown algae B. bifurcata, as well as the production of oligo-alginates (OGABs) by using a green chemistry process. The depolymerization of ASBB was carried out by controlled radical hydrolysis through our green chemistry process using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyst. The molecular weight (Mw) and degree of polymerization (DP) distribution of oligo-alginates (OGABs) obtained were then characterized by HPLC size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Structural characterization revealed that after 6 h of depolymerization of ASBB, we obtained OGABs with Mw ≤ 5.5 kDa and 2 ≤ DP ≤ 24. These results highlight the effectiveness of the controlled radical hydrolysis of alginate to produce good yields of alginate fractions with controlled Mw with a known polymerization degree (DP) and without altering properties of oligo-alginates. Bifurcaria bifurcata can be a potential source of alginate and oligo-alginates given its abundance on the northwest Atlantic coast. The production and characterization of oligo-alginates promote their exploitation in the cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and agriculture fields.
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Li Q, Hu F, Wang M, Zhu B, Ni F, Yao Z. Elucidation of degradation pattern and immobilization of a novel alginate lyase for preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:579-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Strain CR, Collins KC, Naughton V, McSorley EM, Stanton C, Smyth TJ, Soler-Vila A, Rea MC, Ross PR, Cherry P, Allsopp PJ. Effects of a polysaccharide-rich extract derived from Irish-sourced Laminaria digitata on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota using an in vitro colonic model. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:309-325. [PMID: 30805695 PMCID: PMC7000515 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown seaweeds are known to be a rich source of fiber with the presence of several non-digestible polysaccharides including laminarin, fucoidan and alginate. These individual polysaccharides have previously been shown to favorably alter the gut microbiota composition and activity albeit the effect of the collective brown seaweed fiber component on the microbiota remains to be determined. METHODS This study investigated the effect of a crude polysaccharide-rich extract obtained from Laminaria digitata (CE) and a depolymerized CE extract (DE) on the gut microbiota composition and metabolism using an in vitro fecal batch culture model though metagenomic compositional analysis using 16S rRNA FLX amplicon pyrosequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using GC-FID. RESULTS Selective culture analysis showed no significant changes in cultured lactobacilli or bifidobacteria between the CE or DE and the cellulose-negative control at any time point measured (0, 5, 10, 24, 36, 48 h). Following metagenomic analysis, the CE and DE significantly altered the relative abundance of several families including Lachnospiraceae and genera including Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides of human fecal bacterial populations in comparison to cellulose after 24 h. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total SCFA were significantly higher for both the CE and DE compared to cellulose after 10, 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the acetate:propionate ratio was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) for both CD and DE following 24, 36 and 48 h fermentation. CONCLUSION The microbiota-associated metabolic and compositional changes noted provide initial indication of putative beneficial health benefits of L. digitata in vitro; however, research is needed to clarify if L. digitata-derived fiber can favorably alter the gut microbiota and confer health benefits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall R Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Violetta Naughton
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Smyth
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Anna Soler-Vila
- Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Paul R Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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Zhang YH, Shao Y, Jiao C, Yang QM, Weng HF, Xiao AF. Characterization and Application of an Alginate Lyase, Aly1281 from Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E95. [PMID: 32023889 PMCID: PMC7073683 DOI: 10.3390/md18020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate extracted from widely cultured brown seaweed can be hydrolyzed by alginate lyase to produce alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) with intriguing biological activities. Herein, a novel alginate lyase Aly1281 was cloned from marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5 isolated from mangrove soil and found to belong to polysaccharide lyase family 7. Aly1281 exhibited maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 50 °C and have broad substrate specificity for polyguluronate and polymannuronate. Compared with other alginate lyases, Aly1281 exhibited high degradation specificity and mainly produced di-alginate oligosaccharides which displayed good antioxidant function to reduce ferric and scavenge radicals such as hydroxyl, ABTS+ and DPPH. Moreover, the catalytic activity and kinetic performance of Aly1281 were highly improved with the addition of salt, demonstrating a salt-activation property. A putative conformational structural feature of Aly1281 was found by MD simulation analysis for understanding the salt-activation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chao Jiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - An-Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
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Mohapatra BR. Biocatalytic characteristics of chitosan nanoparticle-immobilized alginate lyase extracted from a novel Arthrobacter species AD-10. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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