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Menabò L, Caravita SC, Skrzypiec G, Slee P, Guarini A. Effects of victimization and perpetration in observing bullying scenes: an eye-tracker study{es}: Efectos de la victimización y la perpetración en la observación de escenas de acoso: un estudio con eye-tracker. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100451. [PMID: 38439799 PMCID: PMC10909785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research showed that bullying experiences are associated with different ways of interpreting and behaving in bullying dynamics. However, it remains uncertain whether these distinctions can already be present during the first step of information processing: the allocation of attention. Aims The study explored attentional patterns of Italian students with different bullying experiences in daily life while observing different roles represented through bullying vignettes. Methods Participants (72 students, Mage= 11.18) were categorized as victims, bully-victims, or not involved based on their scores on a self-report questionnaire. They observed 9 bullying vignettes on which different portraits were presented (bully, victim, pro-bully, defender, bystander) while the eye-tracker registered attentional indexes (fixation, visit and duration). Results Kruskal- Wallis and pairwise comparisons revealed a significant effect for the portraits of the bully and the pro-bully as bully-victims exhibited greater fixations and visits than victims, while students not involved showed no significant differences with the other groups. Conclusion Our research reveals that bully-victims focused more on threatening cues while victims diverged their gaze from them, confirming that the experience of bullying influences how they explore aggressive situations. Learning how involved students direct their attention helps us understand different responses, leading to powerful interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menabò
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona C.S. Caravita
- Faculty of Arts and Education Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioral Research in Education, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholms gate 41, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Grace Skrzypiec
- Department of Education, Flinders University, 182 Victoria Square, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phillip Slee
- Department of Education, Flinders University, 182 Victoria Square, 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Annalisa Guarini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Sun X, Yu X, Li K. Anger and aggression research: A bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35132. [PMID: 37682125 PMCID: PMC10489251 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anger and aggression are common sources of distress and impairment. There is, however, no available data on anger and aggression based on bibliometric analysis. This study uses bibliometric analysis to analyze research hotspots and trends in anger and aggression. Publications on anger and aggression within the last ten years were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using descriptive bibliometrics, journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in anger and aggression research were visually analyzed via CiteSpace. A total of 3114 articles were included, and studies on anger and aggression increased yearly. The publications are mainly from 106 countries led by the USA and 381 institutions led by Univ Penn. We identified 505 authors, where Emil F. Coccaro had the highest number of articles, while Buss A.H. was the most frequently co-cited author. AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR is the journal that bore most of the studies, while PLOS ONE was the most cited journal. Our analysis demonstrated that research on anger and aggression is flourishing. Behaviors of anger and aggression, risk factors, neural mechanisms, personality, and adolescence have been researched hotspots in the past ten years. Besides, victimization, drosophila melanogaster, psychopathic traits, and perpetration are emerging anger and aggression research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xufeng Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kejian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Gamache J, Clinchard C, Egan M, Steinberg L, Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Longitudinal Associations Between Peer Victimization and Positive and Negative Social Risk Taking in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01803-9. [PMID: 37306835 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by heightened risk taking, along with salient peer relationships. This study leveraged data from 167 adolescents across five years (M(SD)age = 15.05 (0.54) years at Time 1; 47% female) to examine how risk perception and peer victimization in adolescence interrelate and predict risk likelihood in young adulthood. Bivariate growth curve modeling revealed that higher initial levels of positive social risk perception predicted a slower decrease in relational victimization throughout adolescence. Higher initial levels of relational victimization in adolescence predicted higher negative social risk likelihood in young adulthood. Adolescents with heightened risk sensitivity to positive social risks may be vulnerable to relational victimization, and prevention efforts to reduce relational victimization may protect adolescents from future negative risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Gamache
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Megan Egan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brooks Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
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How peer victimization predicts mental well-being and disruptive behaviors: exploring serial mediating mechanisms in the digital age. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Garthe RC, Sullivan TN, Behrhorst KL. A Latent Class Analysis of Early Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence: Associations With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2031-2049. [PMID: 29475422 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518759654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Violence within peer and dating contexts is prevalent among early adolescents. Youth may be victims and/or aggressors and be involved in violence across multiple contexts, resulting in negative outcomes. This study identified patterns of perpetration and victimization for peer and dating violence, using a latent class analysis (LCA), and examined how different patterns of engaging in or experiencing violence among early adolescents were associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants included a sample of 508 racially and ethnically diverse youth (51% male) who had dated in the past 3 months. Youth were in the seventh grade within 37 schools and were primarily from economically disadvantaged communities across four sites in the United States. LCA identified three classes: (a) a low involvement in violence class, (b) a peer aggression and peer victimization class, and (c) a peer and dating violence class. Youth involved with multiple forms of violence displayed significantly higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms than those with low involvement in violence. Study findings revealed the importance of understanding how peer and dating violence co-occur, and how different patterns of aggression and victimization were related to internalizing symptoms. Prevention efforts should address the intersection of victimization and perpetration in peer and dating contexts in potentially reducing internalizing symptoms among early adolescents.
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Jambon M, Colasante T, Ngo H, Dys S, Malti T. Peer victimization and sympathy development in childhood: The moderating role of emotion regulation. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy (CCDMP) University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy (CCDMP) University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
| | - Hazel Ngo
- Department of Psychology Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy (CCDMP) University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
- Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development University of Toronto Mississauga ON Canada
| | - Sebastian Dys
- Department of Psychology Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy (CCDMP) University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy (CCDMP) University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
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Cooley JL, Blossom JB, Tampke EC, Fite PJ. Emotion Regulation Attenuates the Prospective Links from Peer Victimization to Internalizing Symptoms during Middle Childhood. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 51:495-504. [PMID: 32196386 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1731819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Peer victimization has been shown to be a robust predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms over time. Relatively little is known, however, regarding what protective factors may attenuate these associations and render youth more resilient to this interpersonal stressor. Therefore, the current study examined sadness and worry regulation as moderators of the prospective links from peer victimization to internalizing symptoms over a 1-year period.Method: Participants included 464 predominantly Caucasian children (54.7% boys; ages 7-10), as well as their homeroom teachers, from an elementary school located in the Midwestern United States. Child and teacher reports of peer victimization and child reports of sadness and worry regulation were assessed at Time 1. Children also provided ratings of depressive and anxiety symptoms at Time 1, approximately 6 months later (Time 2), and again approximately 1 year later (Time 3). Moderating effects were evaluated using a series of multivariate latent growth curve models.Results: Consistent with expectations, sadness regulation attenuated the prospective links from both child- and teacher-reported peer victimization to internalizing symptoms. Worry regulation also attenuated the prospective links from teacher-reported peer victimization to internalizing symptoms. The moderating effects of emotion regulation did not differ according to gender.Conclusions: Findings suggest that the ability to effectively manage feelings of sadness and worry may serve as a buffer against the internalizing symptoms associated with peer victimization. Additional research is needed to determine whether interventions focused on enhancing victims' emotion regulation skills reduce their subsequent risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Cooley
- Developmental Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jennifer B Blossom
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine/Seattle Children's Hospital
| | | | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas
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Baiden P, Tadeo SK. Examining the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse among adolescents in the United States. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:317-324. [PMID: 31454592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have examined the association between bullying victimization and adolescent substance behaviors, there is a dearth of research investigating the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse among adolescents. METHODS Data for this study came from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A sample of 9974 adolescents aged 14-18 years (50.1% female) were analyzed using binary logistic regression with prescription drug misuse as the outcome variable and bullying victimization as the main explanatory variable. RESULTS Of the 9,974 adolescents, 13.1% misused prescription drugs. One in ten adolescents were victims of both school bullying and cyberbullying, 5.1% were victims of only cyberbullying, 9% were victims of only school bullying, and 75.8% experienced neither school bullying nor cyberbullying victimization. In the binary logistic regression model, adolescents who experienced both school bullying and cyberbullying victimization had 1.66 times higher odds of misusing prescription drugs (AOR = 1.66, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.34-2.06) and adolescents who experienced only school bullying victimization had 1.30 times higher odds of misusing prescription drugs (AOR = 1.30, p < .05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.64). Being lesbian, gay, or bisexual; feeling sad or hopeless; cigarette smoking; binge drinking; cannabis use; and illicit drug use were statistically significantly associated with prescription drug misuse. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the association between bullying victimization and prescription drug misuse could contribute to early identification of adolescents who may misuse prescription drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
| | - Savarra K Tadeo
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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Lepore SJ, Kliewer W. Social Intelligence Attenuates Association between Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2019; 9:644-652. [PMID: 31673477 PMCID: PMC6822980 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer victimization is linked to psychological distress, but some youth are less affected than others. Identifying protective factors can inform prevention programs. Using longitudinal data from 7th graders we tested the role of social intelligence as a protective factor in the relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. METHOD Students (N = 986; 54% female; 43% non-white) from three schools provided self-report data via computer-assisted survey interviews in the fall (Time 1, T1) and spring (Time 2, T2) of 7th grade. RESULTS Females reported more depressive symptoms and less physical victimization than males but did not differ from males on social intelligence or relational victimization. Regression analyses controlling for T1 depressive symptoms and other potential confounds revealed that both physical and relational victimization were positively and significantly associated with T2 depressive symptoms, but the strength of the relation varied by gender and by social intelligence. Specifically, the associations between victimization and depressive symptoms were stronger among females than males and among those with low or moderate rather than high social intelligence. CONCLUSIONS Social intelligence may protect youth from the psychological harms of peer victimization and could be an effective target of prevention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
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10
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McQuade JD, Murray-Close D, Breslend NL, Balda KE, Kim MM, Marsh NP. Emotional Underarousal and Overarousal and Engagement in Relational Aggression: Interactions between Relational Victimization, Physiological Reactivity, and Emotional Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1663-1676. [PMID: 31025234 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined if overarousal (i.e., dysregulation and high emotional sensitivity) and underarousal (i.e., fearlessness and emotional insensitivity) to peer stress, reflected in physiological reactivity and subjective emotional sensitivity, exacerbated risk for relational aggression in relationally victimized children. Participants were a community sample of 125 children (10-12 years, M = 11.34 years, SD = 0.89; 45% female). Teachers provided ratings of children's relational victimization and relational aggression. Children's physiological reactivity was assessed based on skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to a standardized peer rejection task. Children's subjective emotional sensitivity was assessed using self-reported ratings of distress to hypothetical relational provocation vignettes. Results indicated that relational victimization was significantly associated with relational aggression only for children with high SCL reactivity and high emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective overarousal) and for children with low SCL reactivity and low emotional sensitivity (i.e., physiological and subjective underarousal); relational victimization did not predict relational aggression among children with high SCL reactivity but low emotional sensitivity or among children with low SCL reactivity but high emotional sensitivity. Relational victimization was also marginally more strongly associated with relational aggression for children displaying RSA augmentation. Results suggest emotional overarousal and underarousal may both serve as vulnerabilities for relational aggression among relationally victimized youth, and underscore the importance of including physiological and subjective indices of emotional reactivity in studies of aggression. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D McQuade
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicole L Breslend
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Kayla E Balda
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Mindy M Kim
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Nicholas P Marsh
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Campus Box 2236, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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Assessing the Linkage between Exposure to Violence and Victimization, Coping, and Adjustment among Urban Youth: Findings from a Research Study on Adolescents. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6030036. [PMID: 30818826 PMCID: PMC6463079 DOI: 10.3390/children6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
From examinations of the literature on the influence that exposure to violence and coping strategies have on delinquent behavior and emotional outcomes, this study addresses the association between violent victimization and the moderating effects of coping strategies among 500 African-American adolescents who exhibit both externalizing behaviors such as delinquency and internalizing symptoms, including anxiety and depression. The investigation examines the development of the aforementioned adjustment problems in response to victimization, and the findings indicate a relationship between the specific indices of victimization, including peer violence, and the symptomatology and coping mechanisms utilized by the youth in this study. Suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
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12
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Broekhof E, Bos MGN, Camodeca M, Rieffe C. Longitudinal Associations Between Bullying and Emotions in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2018; 23:17-27. [PMID: 28977584 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In hearing adolescents, emotions play important roles in the development of bullying and victimization. Yet, it is unclear whether this also applies to adolescents who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The present study examines the longitudinal associations of anger, fear, guilt, and shame with bullying/victimization in DHH adolescents. Overall, 80 DHH and 227 hearing adolescents (Mage = 11.7; 103 males) completed self-reports on two occasions with a 9-month interval. Outcomes show that DHH adolescents reported fewer bullying behaviors, but more victimization compared to hearing adolescents. Longitudinal relations between emotions and bullying/victimization did not differ between DHH and hearing adolescents. More anger and less guilt predicted increased bullying, and more bullying predicted increased anger and decreased guilt. Higher levels of anger, fear, and shame predicted increased victimization, and more victimization predicted increased anger, fear, and shame. These findings emphasize that emotions are involved in both the emergence and maintenance of bullying and victimization. These outcomes have clinical implications for the prevention of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolien Rieffe
- Leiden University
- Dutch Foundation for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Child
- University College London
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McQuade JD. Peer victimization and changes in physical and relational aggression: The moderating role of executive functioning abilities. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:503-512. [PMID: 28393381 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to examine whether executive functioning (EF) abilities moderate longitudinal associations between peer victimization and engagement in physically and relationally aggressive behavior. Participants were 61 children (9-13 years, M = 10.68, SD = 1.28; 48% male) drawn from a partially clinical sample who were assessed at two time points, approximately 12 months apart. At time 1, children were administered a battery of EF tests; adult reports of children's relational and physical victimization and use of relational and physical aggression were collected. At time 2, adult-reported aggression was re-collected. Regression analyses tested whether EF ability moderated the association between peer victimization and increased engagement in aggression. Form-specific (e.g., physical victimization predicting physical aggression) and cross-form (e.g., physical victimization predicting relational aggression) models were tested. EF moderated the association between physical victimization and increases in physical aggression over time and between relational victimization and increases in relational aggression over time. Physical victimization predicted increases in physical aggression only among children with poor EF. However, relational victimization predicted increases in relational aggression for children with good EF skills but decreases in relational aggression for children with poor EF skills. Interaction effects for cross-form models were not significant. Results suggest that there are distinct risk factors implicated in children's engagement in physical and relational aggression. Established cognitive vulnerability models for engagement in physical aggression should not be assumed to apply to engagement in relational aggression.
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Aho N, Proczkowska-Björklund M, Svedin CG. Victimization, polyvictimization, and health in Swedish adolescents. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2016; 7:89-99. [PMID: 27616895 PMCID: PMC5008259 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s109587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this article was to study the relationship between the different areas of victimization (eg, sexual victimization) and psychological symptoms, taking into account the full range of victimization domains. The final aim was to contribute further evidence regarding the bias that studies that focus on just one area of victimization may be introduced into our psychological knowledge. The sample included 5,960 second-year high school students in Sweden with a mean age of 17.3 years (range =16–20 years, standard deviation =0.652), of which 49.6% were females and 50.4% males. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children were used to assess victimization and psychological problems separately. The results show that a majority of adolescents have been victimized, females reported more total events and more sexual victimization and childhood maltreatment, and males were more often victims of conventional crime. The majority of victimization domains as well as the sheer number of events (polyvictimization [PV]) proved to be harmful to adolescent health, affecting females more than males. PV explained part of the health effect and had an impact on its own and in relation to each domain. This suggests the possibility that PV to a large degree explains trauma symptoms. In order to understand the psychological effects of trauma, clinicians and researchers should take into account the whole range of possible types of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Aho
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Proczkowska-Björklund
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Côté-Lussier C, Fitzpatrick C. Feelings of Safety at School, Socioemotional Functioning, and Classroom Engagement. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:543-50. [PMID: 26976149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classroom engagement is a key indicator of student motivation, learning potential, and the eventual probability of persisting to high-school completion. This study investigated whether feeling unsafe at school interferes with classroom engagement and simultaneously considered whether this association is mediated by poorer student well-being in the form of experiencing symptoms of depression and demonstrating aggressive behavior problems. METHODS Data were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, an ongoing study that began in 1998 with a population-based cohort of 2,120 Quebec 5-month-old infants. Structural equation modeling was used to test the central hypothesis that concurrent youth self-reported feelings of a lack of safety at school are associated with poorer teacher-reported student classroom engagement (at age 13 years) and the mediating role of emotional and behavioral problems. The model controlled for concurrent measures of victimization, the school safety climate, and earlier measures of students' academic adjustment. RESULTS The findings support the central hypothesis that youth who feel safer at school are also more engaged in the classroom (p ≤ .05). Students who felt safer demonstrated less depressive symptoms, but this only partly explained the association between feeling safe and being engaged. CONCLUSIONS Increasing student feelings of safety at school (e.g., by reducing victimization, improving the overall school and neighborhood safety climate) is likely to represent an effective strategy for promoting classroom engagement. Such interventions could also contribute to future academic achievement and high-school completion and decrease symptoms of mental health problems among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Côté-Lussier
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; International Centre for Comparative Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Caroline Fitzpatrick
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département des sciences humaines, Université Sainte-Anne, Pointe-de-L'Église, Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada
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Risk Factors Associated with Proactive and Reactive Aggression in a Child Psychiatric Inpatient Sample. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Cooley JL, Fite PJ. Peer Victimization and Forms of Aggression During Middle Childhood: The Role of Emotion Regulation. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 44:535-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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