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Rauhut AS, Tuladhar B, Tamvaka N, Warnick J. Differential effects of voluntary exercise and housing density on anxiety-like behavior in C57Bl/6 mice. Behav Processes 2024; 217:105023. [PMID: 38522795 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of voluntary exercise and housing density on a) anxiety-like behavior and b) the stimulant effects of methamphetamine in C57Bl/6 mice were evaluated. Upon arrival, mice were housed singly or in pairs, and permitted access to home-cage running wheels or not for 4 weeks. Testing for anxiety-like behavior occurred over the next 3 weeks, one test per week [Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) → Hyponeophagia (HNP) task → Open-Field (OF) task]. The final, OF task involved an 8-hour session in which mice were permitted to explore the chamber (drug free) during Hours 1-3; given an injection (s.c.) of methamphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) after Hour 3; followed by continued behavioral sampling during Hours 4-8. Several tasks (HNP and OF, but not EPM) consistently showed voluntary exercise induced anxiety-like behavior. In addition, two measures (time in center and time resting in the perimeter) in the OF task revealed that exercise mice compared to controls were more responsive to the anxiogenic effects of methamphetamine. Although pair housing was anxiolytic, it did not ameliorate the anxiogenic effects of voluntary exercise. Taken together, these results, when viewed in tandem with previous studies that utilized a less anxious mouse strain (Swiss Webster), may suggest that voluntary exercise is anxiogenic in an anxiety-prone mouse strain such as C57Bl/6 and highlight the importance of considering mouse strain when evaluating the impact of environmental manipulations on anxiety-like behavior in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Rauhut
- Psychology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA; Neuroscience Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA.
| | | | - Nicole Tamvaka
- Neuroscience Program, Dickinson College, Carlisle 17013, PA
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2
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Guimarães DM, Valério-Gomes B, Vianna-Barbosa RJ, Oliveira W, Neves GÂ, Tovar-Moll F, Lent R. Social isolation leads to mild social recognition impairment and losses in brain cellularity. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2051-2066. [PMID: 37690044 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic social stress is a significant risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders, mainly major depressive disorder (MDD). In this way, patients with clinical depression may display many symptoms, including disrupted social behavior and anxiety. However, like many other psychiatric diseases, MDD has a very complex etiology and pathophysiology. Because social isolation is one of the multiple depression-inducing factors in humans, this study aims to understand better the link between social stress and MDD using an animal model based on social isolation after weaning, which is known to produce social stress in mice. We focused on cellular composition and white matter integrity to establish possible links with the abnormal social behavior that rodents isolated after weaning displayed in the three-chamber social approach and recognition tests. We used the isotropic fractionator method to assess brain cellularity, which allows us to robustly estimate the number of oligodendrocytes and neurons in dissected brain regions. In addition, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to analyze white matter microstructure. Results have shown that post-weaning social isolation impairs social recognition and reduces the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in important brain regions involved in social behavior, such as the anterior neocortex and the olfactory bulb. Despite the limitations of animal models of psychological traits, evidence suggests that behavioral impairments observed in patients might have similar biological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menezes Guimarães
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - Bruna Valério-Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Washington Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilda Ângela Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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3
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Queen NJ, Huang W, Komatineni S, Mansour AG, Xiao R, Chrislip LA, Cao L. Social isolation exacerbates diet-induced obesity and peripheral inflammation in young male mice under thermoneutrality. iScience 2023; 26:106259. [PMID: 36915694 PMCID: PMC10006833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality and various chronic diseases-including obesity-in humans. Murine studies probing SI metabolic outcomes remain inconsistent, due in part to a lack of consideration for housing temperature. Such experiments typically occur at room temperature, subjecting mice to chronic cold stress. Single housing prevents social thermoregulation, further exacerbating cold stress and obscuring psychosocial influences on metabolism at room temperature. In this study, C57BL/6 and BALB/c male mice were group- and single-housed under thermoneutral conditions to determine whether SI affects the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. We report SI promotes weight gain, increases food intake, increases adiposity, worsens glycemic control, reduces insulin signaling, exacerbates systemic and adipose inflammatory responses, and induces a molecular signature within the hypothalamus. This study establishes a murine model that recapitulates the SI-induced propensity for obesity, which may further our understanding of SI's influence on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suraj Komatineni
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony G. Mansour
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Logan A. Chrislip
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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4
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Social isolation does not alter the relationship between flexibility in metabolic rate and growth in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under changing food availability. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:95-108. [PMID: 36355208 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth and energy metabolism are highly flexible in fish species in response to food availability, and these two traits depend to some extent on the social rearing environment (e.g., isolated vs. group rearing). Currently, how social rearing environments influence flexibility in metabolic rate of fish and their ecological consequences (e.g., somatic growth) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated how social isolation (i.e., group-reared vs. isolation-reared) and food availability (i.e., high vs. low) affect metabolic rates, growth and their correlations in a group-living fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which were subjected to a 4-week growth experiment. The metabolic rates (e.g., standard metabolic rate, SMR; maximum metabolic rate, MMR; aerobic scope, AS = MMR-SMR) and morphology (e.g., body mass and length) of the fish in four treatments were measured at the beginning and end of the growth experiment, and then the growth parameters (e.g., food intake, FI; feeding efficiency, FE; and specific growth rate, SGR) were also obtained. We found that social isolation did impair growth of fish with individuals showing a lower SGR compared to those group-reared fish irrespective of food availability. However, the growth advantage of group-reared fish under two food availabilities did not result from their FIs or FEs. Metabolic rates (i.e., SMR) seemed to decrease in response to social isolation, but increased greater when fish were reared at high food ration. These shifts in metabolic rates were positively linked with individual differences in somatic growth; individuals who increased metabolic rates more grew faster, while those who increased their metabolic rates less or even reduced had a lower growth, but these links were independent on both social isolation and food ration. These results suggested that social isolation can inhibit the growth of individual fish, but not the AS. Flexibility in metabolic rates could confer a growth advantage under changing food availability, but the links between variation in energy metabolism and growth were not altered by social deprivation. Our study demonstrates the importance of metabolic plasticity accounting for inter-individual difference in growth performance under the challenges of changing food resource.
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5
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Bouchet H, Lemasson A, Collier K, Marker L, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Johnston B, Hausberger M. Early life experience and sex influence acoustic repertoire use in wild-born, but hand-reared, captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22309. [PMID: 36282750 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early deprivation of adult influence is known to have long-lasting effects on social abilities, notably communication skills, as adults play a key role in guiding and regulating the behavior of youngsters, including acoustic repertoire use in species in which vocal production is not learned. Cheetahs grow up alongside their mother for 18 months, thus maternal influences on the development of social skills are likely to be crucial. Here, we investigated the impact of early maternal deprivation on vocal production and use in 12 wild-born cheetahs, rescued and subsequently hand-reared either at an early (less than 2 months) or a later stage of development. We could distinguish 16 sound types, produced mostly singly but sometimes in repeated or multitype sound sequences. The repertoire of these cheetahs did not differ fundamentally from that described in other studies on adult cheetahs, but statistical analyses revealed a concurrent effect of both early experience and sex on repertoire use. More specifically, early-reared males were characterized by a high proportion of Purr, Meow, and Stutter; early-reared females Mew, Growl, Hoot, Sneeze, and Hiss; late-reared males Meow, Mew, Growl, and Howl; and late-reared females mostly Meow. Our study demonstrates therefore the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on communication skills in a limited-vocal learner and its differential effect according to sex, in line with known social differences and potential differential maternal investment. More generally, it emphasizes the critical importance to consider the past history of the subjects (e.g., captive/wild-born, mother/hand-reared, early/late-mother-deprived, etc.) when studying social behavior, notably acoustic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bouchet
- CNRS, EthoS (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, UMR 6552, Paimpont, France
| | - Alban Lemasson
- CNRS, EthoS (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, UMR 6552, Rennes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Katie Collier
- CNRS, EthoS (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, UMR 6552, Paimpont, France
| | | | | | | | - Martine Hausberger
- CNRS, EthoS (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, UMR 6552, Paimpont, France
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6
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Granata L, Gildawie KR, Ismail N, Brenhouse HC, Kopec AM. Immune signaling as a node of interaction between systems that sex-specifically develop during puberty and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101143. [PMID: 35933922 PMCID: PMC9357835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is pivotal for neural and behavioral development across species. During this period, maturation occurs in several biological systems, the most well-recognized being activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis marking pubertal onset. Increasing comparative studies of sex differences have enriched our understanding of systems integration during neurodevelopment. In recent years, immune signaling has emerged as a key node of interaction between a variety of biological signaling processes. Herein, we review the age- and sex-specific changes that occur in neural, hypothalamic-pituitary, and microbiome systems during adolescence. We then describe how immune signaling interacts with these systems, and review recent preclinical evidence indicating that immune signaling may play a central role in integrating changes in their typical and atypical development during adolescence. Finally, we discuss the translational relevance of these preclinical studies to human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Granata
- Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kelsea R Gildawie
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Rd. North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall 2076A, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada.
| | | | - Ashley M Kopec
- Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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7
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Mieske P, Hobbiesiefken U, Fischer-Tenhagen C, Heinl C, Hohlbaum K, Kahnau P, Meier J, Wilzopolski J, Butzke D, Rudeck J, Lewejohann L, Diederich K. Bored at home?—A systematic review on the effect of environmental enrichment on the welfare of laboratory rats and mice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899219. [PMID: 36061113 PMCID: PMC9435384 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boredom is an emotional state that occurs when an individual has nothing to do, is not interested in the surrounding, and feels dreary and in a monotony. While this condition is usually defined for humans, it may very well describe the lives of many laboratory animals housed in small, barren cages. To make the cages less monotonous, environmental enrichment is often proposed. Although housing in a stimulating environment is still used predominantly as a luxury good and for treatment in preclinical research, enrichment is increasingly recognized to improve animal welfare. To gain insight into how stimulating environments influence the welfare of laboratory rodents, we conducted a systematic review of studies that analyzed the effect of enriched environment on behavioral parameters of animal well–being. Remarkably, a considerable number of these parameters can be associated with symptoms of boredom. Our findings show that a stimulating living environment is essential for the development of natural behavior and animal welfare of laboratory rats and mice alike, regardless of age and sex. Conversely, confinement and under-stimulation has potentially detrimental effects on the mental and physical health of laboratory rodents. We show that boredom in experimental animals is measurable and does not have to be accepted as inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mieske
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hobbiesiefken
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola Fischer-Tenhagen
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Céline Heinl
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Hohlbaum
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kahnau
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Meier
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Wilzopolski
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Butzke
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Rudeck
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Lewejohann
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Diederich
- German Center for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kai Diederich
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8
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Aldhshan MS, Mizuno TM. Effect of environmental enrichment on aggression and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcript variants in group-housed male mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:113986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Prins K, Huisman M, McLuskey A, Mies R, Karels B, Delhanty PJD, Visser JA. Ghrelin deficiency sex-dependently affects food intake, locomotor activity, and adipose and hepatic gene expression in a binge-eating mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E494-E507. [PMID: 35403437 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00432.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder diagnosed, affecting three times more women than men. Ghrelin stimulates appetite and reward signaling, and loss of its receptor reduces binge-eating behavior in male mice. Here, we examined the influence of ghrelin itself on binge-eating behavior in both male and female mice. Five-wk-old wild-type (WT) and ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl-/-) mice were housed individually in indirect calorimetry cages for 9 wks. Binge-like eating was induced by giving mice ad libitum chow, but time-restricted access to a Western-style diet (WD; 2 h access, 3 days/wk) in the light phase (BE); control groups received ad libitum chow (CO), or ad libitum access to both diets (CW). All groups of BE mice showed binge-eating behavior, eating up to 60% of their 24-h intake during the WD access period. Subsequent dark phase chow intake was decreased in Ghrl-/- mice and remained decreased in Ghrl-/- females on nonbinge days. Also, nonbinge day locomotor activity was lower in Ghrl-/- than in WT BE females. Upon euthanasia, Ghrl-/- BE mice weighed less and had a lower lean body mass percentage than WT BE mice. In BE and CW groups, ghrelin and sex altered the expression of genes involved in lipid processing, thermogenesis, and aging in white adipose tissue and livers. We conclude that, although ghrelin deficiency does not hamper the development of binge-like eating, it sex-dependently alters food intake timing, locomotor activity, and metabolism. These results add to the growing body of evidence that ghrelin signaling is sexually dimorphic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ghrelin, a peptide hormone secreted from the gut, is involved in hunger and reward signaling, which are altered in binge-eating disorder. Although sex differences have been described in both binge-eating and ghrelin signaling, this interaction has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ghrelin deficiency affects the behavior and metabolism of mice in a binge-like eating paradigm, and that the sex of the mice impacts the magnitude and direction of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Huisman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke McLuskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosinda Mies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Karels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patric J D Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Gallego-Abenza M, Boucherie PH, Bugnyar T. Early social environment affects attention to social cues in juvenile common ravens, Corvus corax. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220132. [PMID: 35774139 PMCID: PMC9240683 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Social competence, i.e. defined as the ability to adjust the expression of social behaviour to the available social information, is known to be influenced by early-life conditions. Brood size might be one of the factors determining such early conditions, particularly in species with extended parental care. We here tested in ravens whether growing up in families of different sizes affects the chicks' responsiveness to social information. We experimentally manipulated the brood size of 13 captive raven families, creating either small or large families. Simulating dispersal, juveniles were separated from their parents and temporarily housed in one of two captive non-breeder groups. After five weeks of socialization, each raven was individually tested in a playback setting with food-associated calls from three social categories: sibling, familiar unrelated raven they were housed with, and unfamiliar unrelated raven from the other non-breeder aviary. We found that individuals reared in small families were more attentive than birds from large families, in particular towards the familiar unrelated peer. These results indicate that variation in family size during upbringing can affect how juvenile ravens value social information. Whether the observed attention patterns translate into behavioural preferences under daily life conditions remains to be tested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gallego-Abenza
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Palmyre H. Boucherie
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Bugnyar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Grünau im Almtal, Austria
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11
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Caruso A, Ricceri L, Caruso A, Nicoletti F, Gaetano A, Scaccianoce S. Postweaning social isolation and autism-like phenotype: a biochemical and behavioral comparative analysis. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113891. [PMID: 35421428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development. In most mammalian species, disturbances experienced during adolescence constitute a risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we compared the biochemical and behavioral profile induced by postweaning social isolation (PWSI) in inbred C57BL/6N mice with that of BTBR mice, a rodent model of autism spectrum disorders. Male C57BL/6N mice were either housed in groups of four or isolated from weaning (postnatal day 21) for four weeks before experimental analyses. After weaning, male BTBR mice were housed four per cage and analyzed at 48 days of age. PWSI reduced hippocampal levels of type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors, and glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. A similar reduction was seen in group-housed BTBR mice. Plasma corticosterone levels in basal conditions were not influenced by PWSI, but were increased in BTBR mice. Social investigation (total and head sniffing) and the number of ultrasonic vocalizations were reduced in both PWSI mice and age-matched group-housed BTBR mice, indicating a lower social responsiveness in both groups of mice. These results suggest that absence of social stimuli during adolescence induces an endophenotype with social deficit features, which mimics the phenotype of a mouse model of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Caruso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Ricceri
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Caruso
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gaetano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Scaccianoce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Italy.
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12
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Perret A, George I, Coulon M, Cousillas H, Hausberger M, Henry L. Deprivation of direct adult contact during development affects social representation in a songbird. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22207. [PMID: 34813093 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition involves a wide array of skills that are built largely through interactions with conspecifics and therefore depend upon early social experience. Motivation for social stimuli is a key feature of social behavior and an operant conditioning task showed that isolated wild-caught adult starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are highly motivated to access pictures of other starlings. Here, we show that hand-raised adult starlings maintained in groups of peers throughout development but without any contact with adult models were not or only poorly motivated to access pictures of conspecifics. Moreover, they did not prefer pictures of starlings to pictures of landscapes, unlike birds wild-caught as adults. These results raise questions about the role of social experience during development, particularly with adult models, in the development of social motivation and of social representation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Perret
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle George
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Coulon
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Cousillas
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Hausberger
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Henry
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine), UMR 6552, Rennes, France
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13
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Mooney-Leber SM, Caruso MJ, Gould TJ, Cavigelli SA, Kamens HM. The impact of adolescent stress on nicotine use and affective disorders in rodent models. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2196-2215. [PMID: 34402112 PMCID: PMC9730548 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that stress exposure during adolescence contributes to the development of both nicotine use and affective disorders, suggesting a potential shared biological pathway. One key system that may mediate the association between adolescent stress and nicotine or affective outcomes is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here we reviewed evidence regarding the effects of adolescent stress on nicotine responses and affective phenotypes and the role of the HPA-axis in these relationships. Literature indicates that stress, possibly via HPA-axis dysfunction, is a risk factor for both nicotine use and affective disorders. In rodent models, adolescent stress modulates behavioural responses to nicotine and increases the likelihood of affective disorders. The exact role that the HPA-axis plays in altering nicotine sensitivity and affective disorder development after adolescent stress remains unclear. However, it appears likely that adolescent stress-induced nicotine use and affective disorders are precipitated by repetitive activation of a hyperactive HPA-axis. Together, these preclinical studies indicate that adolescent stress is a risk factor for nicotine use and anxiety/depression phenotypes. The findings summarized here suggest that the HPA-axis mediates this relationship. Future studies that pharmacologically manipulate the HPA-axis during and after adolescent stress are critical to elucidate the exact role that the HPA-axis plays in the development of nicotine use and affective disorders following adolescent stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Mooney-Leber
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Caruso
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sonia A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Helen M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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14
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Zahir M, Shariatzadeh S, Khosravi A, Alshaikh FA, Moradi P, Ghaderi M, Farsinejad P, Louyeh PA, Ilkhani S, Nakhaei P, Taheri A, Fagheh AF, Akhavan-Sigari R. High risk of drug toxicity in social isolation stress due to liver dysfunction: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2317. [PMID: 34333854 PMCID: PMC8413800 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that social isolation stress (SIS) could associate with several systemic diseases; however, the role of SIS on liver dysfunction has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SIS on liver function and possible drug toxicity through liver inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Male Naval Medical Research Institute mice in two groups of SIS and control were treated with typical anti-depressant and anxiolytic agents including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine in both groups. Then blood concentrations (or their active metabolites) of these drugs were assessed. Liver function test, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin), oxidative activity, inflammatory cytokines, and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes were assessed. RESULTS We observed that the liver enzymes including AST and ALT was slightly higher in SIS animals. The blood concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine were significantly higher in SIS animals. The gene expression of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C29, and CYP2D were significantly decreased in SIS animals. Our results showed that SIS animals had significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. SIS could significantly decrease the activity of antioxidant agent (Glutathione). CONCLUSION We hypothesized that SIS could induce liver dysfunction and decrease the rate of drug clearance through liver inflammation and oxidative stress; therefore, the blood concentration of anti-depressant/anxiolytic agents should closely monitor in SIS due to the high toxicity of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Zahir
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Parichehr Moradi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Parsa Farsinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saba Ilkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Taheri
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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Van der Mierden S, Spineli LM, Talbot SR, Yiannakou C, Zentrich E, Weegh N, Struve B, Zur Brügge TF, Bleich A, Leenaars CHC. Extracting data from graphs: A case-study on animal research with implications for meta-analyses. Res Synth Methods 2021; 12:701-710. [PMID: 33555134 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews with meta-analyses are powerful tools that can answer research questions based on data from published studies. Ideally, all relevant data is directly available in the text or tables, but often it is only presented in graphs. In those cases, the data can be extracted from graphs, but this potentially introduces errors. Here, we investigate to what extent the extracted outcome and error values differ from the original data and if these differences could affect the results of a meta-analysis. Six extractors extracted 36 outcome values and corresponding errors from 22 articles. Differences between extractors were compared using overall concordance correlation coefficients (OCCC), differences between the original and extracted data were compared using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). To test the possible influence on meta-analyses, random-effects meta-analyses on mean difference comparing original and extracted data were performed. The OCCCs and CCCs were high for both outcome values and errors, CCCs were >0.99 for the outcome and >0.92 for errors. The meta-analyses showed that the overall effect on outcome was very small (median: 0.025, interquartile range: 0.016-0.046). Therefore, data extraction from graphs is a good method to harvest data if it is not provided in the text or tables, and the original authors cannot provide the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loukia Maria Spineli
- Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Yiannakou
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Zentrich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Weegh
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgitta Struve
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Willey JS, Britten RA, Blaber E, Tahimic CG, Chancellor J, Mortreux M, Sanford LD, Kubik AJ, Delp MD, Mao XW. The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:129-179. [PMID: 33902391 PMCID: PMC8274610 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1885283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Both microgravity and radiation exposure in the spaceflight environment have been identified as hazards to astronaut health and performance. Substantial study has been focused on understanding the biology and risks associated with prolonged exposure to microgravity, and the hazards presented by radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPEs) outside of low earth orbit (LEO). To date, the majority of the ground-based analogues (e.g., rodent or cell culture studies) that investigate the biology of and risks associated with spaceflight hazards will focus on an individual hazard in isolation. However, astronauts will face these challenges simultaneously Combined hazard studies are necessary for understanding the risks astronauts face as they travel outside of LEO, and are also critical for countermeasure development. The focus of this review is to describe biologic and functional outcomes from ground-based analogue models for microgravity and radiation, specifically highlighting the combined effects of radiation and reduced weight-bearing from rodent ground-based tail suspension via hind limb unloading (HLU) and partial weight-bearing (PWB) models, although in vitro and spaceflight results are discussed as appropriate. The review focuses on the skeletal, ocular, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and stem cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Angela J. Kubik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
| | - Michael D. Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University
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17
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Heck AL, Sheng JA, Miller AM, Stover SA, Bales NJ, Tan SML, Daniels RM, Fleury TK, Handa RJ. Social isolation alters hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity after chronic variable stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Stress 2020; 23:457-465. [PMID: 32093522 PMCID: PMC7376957 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1733962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic variable stress (CVS) paradigm is frequently used to model the changes in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function characteristic of many stress-related diseases. However, male C57BL/6 mice are typically resistant to CVS's effects, making it difficult to determine how chronic stress exposure may alter acute HPA function and regulation in these mice. As social support in rodents can profoundly influence physiological and behavioral processes, including the HPA axis, we sought to characterize the effects of CVS exposure on basal and acute stress-induced HPA axis function in pair- and single-housed adult male mice. Despite all subjects exhibiting decreased body weight gain after six weeks of CVS, the corticosterone response to a novel, acute restraint stressor was enhanced by CVS exclusively in single-housed males. CVS also significantly increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in single-housed males only. Moreover, in single-, but not pair-housed mice, CVS attenuated decreases in circulating OT found following acute restraint. Only the effect of CVS to elevate PVN corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels after an acute stressor was restricted to pair-housed mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that social isolation reveals effects of CVS on the HPA axis in male C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Heck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Julietta A Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alex M Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sally A Stover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Natalie J Bales
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sarah M L Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Renata M Daniels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Theodore K Fleury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert J Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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18
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Schipper L, van Heijningen S, Karapetsas G, van der Beek EM, van Dijk G. Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225488. [PMID: 32453751 PMCID: PMC7250426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For (metabolic) research models using mice, singly housing is widely used for practical purposes to study e.g. energy balance regulation and derangements herein. Mouse (social) housing practices could however influence study results by modulating (metabolic) health outcomes. To study the effects of the social housing condition, we assessed parameters for energy balance regulation and proneness to (diet induced) obesity in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually or socially (in pairs) directly after weaning, both at standard ambient temperature of 21°C. During adolescence, individually housed mice had reduced growth rate, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice, and higher UCP-1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue. During adulthood, body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white but not in brown adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition and caused strong suppression of inguinal white adipose tissue mRNA UCP-1 expression. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice impairs adolescent growth and results in higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood with putative roles for thermoregulation and/or affectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidewij Schipper
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Steffen van Heijningen
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Karapetsas
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- GELIFES, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Evans O, Rodríguez-Borillo O, Font L, Currie PJ, Pastor R. Alcohol Binge Drinking and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Socialized Versus Isolated C57BL/6J Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:244-254. [PMID: 31713874 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge alcohol drinking has been characterized as a key feature of alcoholism. The drinking-in-the-dark (DID) preclinical model, a procedure that promotes high levels of ethanol (EtOH) intake in short periods of time, has been extensively used to investigate neuropharmacological and genetic determinants of binge-like EtOH consumption. Using DID methodology, alcohol-preferring strains of mice such as C57BL/6J (B6) mice consume enough EtOH to achieve blood concentrations (≥1.0 mg/ml) associated with behavioral intoxication (i.e., motor incoordination). DID procedures typically involve the use of socially isolated animals (single-housed prior to and during the experiment). Previous research indicates that stress associated with social isolation can induce anxiety-like behavior and promote increases in EtOH intake. The present study investigates the role of housing conditions in anxiety-like behavior and binge-like EtOH intake using a DID procedure. METHODS Male and female B6 mice were isolated or pair-housed for a period of 6 weeks prior to evaluation of anxiety-like (elevated plus maze, light and dark box, open field) and drinking (water, 10% sucrose, 10 to 30% EtOH) behavior. In order to measure intake, a variation of the standard DID procedure using a removable, transparent, and perforated plastic barrier strip (designed to temporarily divide the cage in 2) was introduced. This allowed for individual intake records (2-hour test) of isolated and socially housed animals. RESULTS Increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced sucrose consumption were found in isolated mice. The effects of housing conditions on EtOH intake were sex- and concentration-dependent. In male mice, isolation increased 20 and 30% EtOH intake. In females, however, an increased intake of EtOH (30%) was found in socialized animals. No effects of housing or sex were found at EtOH 10%. CONCLUSIONS Together with previous literature, the present study suggests that social isolation can promote anxiety-associated behavior and produce sex-dependent changes in binge-like EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelia Evans
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Laura Font
- Area de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Paul J Currie
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon
| | - Raúl Pastor
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon.,Area de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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20
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Eidson LN, deSousa Rodrigues ME, Johnson MA, Barnum CJ, Duke BJ, Yang Y, Chang J, Kelly SD, Wildner M, Tesi RJ, Tansey MG. Chronic psychological stress during adolescence induces sex-dependent adulthood inflammation, increased adiposity, and abnormal behaviors that are ameliorated by selective inhibition of soluble tumor necrosis factor with XPro1595. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:305-316. [PMID: 31251975 PMCID: PMC8597195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychosocial maltreatment experienced before the age of 18, termed early life adversity (ELA), affects an estimated 39% of the world's population, and has long-term detrimental health and psychological outcomes. While adult phenotypes vary following ELA, inflammation and altered stress responsivity are pervasive. Cytokines, most notably tumor necrosis factor (TNF), are elevated in adults with a history of ELA. While soluble TNF (solTNF) drives chronic inflammatory disease, transmembrane TNF facilitates innate immunity. Here, we test whether solTNF mediates the behavioral and molecular outcomes of adolescent psychological stress by administering a brain permeable, selective inhibitor of solTNF, XPro1595. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to an aggressive rat through a perforated translucent ball ('predatory stress') or transported to an empty room for 30 min for 30 days starting on postnatal day 34. Mice were given XPro1595 or vehicle treatment across the last 15 days. Social interaction, sucrose preference, and plasma inflammation were measured at 2 and 4 weeks, and open field behavior, adiposity, and neuroinflammation were measured at 4 weeks. Chronic adolescent stress resulted in increased peripheral inflammation and dysregulated neuroinflammation in adulthood in a sex-specific manner. Abnormal social and open field behavior, fat pad weight, and fecal boli deposition were noted after 30 days; solTNF antagonism ameliorated the effects of stress. Together, these data support our hypothesis, and suggest that targeting solTNF with XPro1595 may improve quality of life for individuals with a history of adolescent stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori N Eidson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Michelle A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Billie Jeanne Duke
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jianjun Chang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mary Wildner
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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21
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Tahimic CGT, Paul AM, Schreurs AS, Torres SM, Rubinstein L, Steczina S, Lowe M, Bhattacharya S, Alwood JS, Ronca AE, Globus RK. Influence of Social Isolation During Prolonged Simulated Weightlessness by Hindlimb Unloading. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31572207 PMCID: PMC6753329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hindlimb unloading (HU) model has been used extensively to simulate the cephalad fluid shift and musculoskeletal disuse observed in spaceflight with its application expanding to study immune, cardiovascular and central nervous system responses, among others. Most HU studies are performed with singly housed animals, although social isolation also can substantially impact behavior and physiology, and therefore may confound HU experimental results. Other HU variants that allow for paired housing have been developed although no systematic assessment has been made to understand the effects of social isolation on HU outcomes. Hence, we aimed to determine the contribution of social isolation to tissue responses to HU. To accomplish this, we developed a refinement to the traditional NASA Ames single housing HU system to accommodate social housing in pairs, retaining desirable features of the original design. We conducted a 30-day HU experiment with adult, female mice that were either singly or socially housed. HU animals in both single and social housing displayed expected musculoskeletal deficits versus housing matched, normally loaded (NL) controls. However, select immune and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses were differentially impacted by the HU social environment relative to matched NL controls. HU led to a reduction in % CD4+ T cells in singly housed, but not in socially housed mice. Unexpectedly, HU increased adrenal gland mass in socially housed but not singly housed mice, while social isolation increased adrenal gland mass in NL controls. HU also led to elevated plasma corticosterone levels at day 30 in both singly and socially housed mice. Thus, musculoskeletal responses to simulated weightlessness are similar regardless of social environment with a few differences in adrenal and immune responses. Our findings show that combined stressors can mask, not only exacerbate, select responses to HU. These findings further expand the utility of the HU model for studying possible combined effects of spaceflight stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,KBR, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amber M Paul
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Ann-Sofie Schreurs
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,KBR, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samantha M Torres
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Linda Rubinstein
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
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22
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Effects of Single Cage Housing on Stress, Cognitive, and Seizure Parameters in the Rat and Mouse Pilocarpine Models of Epilepsy. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0179-18.2019. [PMID: 31331937 PMCID: PMC6709207 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0179-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental approaches require housing rodents in individual cages, including in epilepsy research. However, rats and mice are social animals; and individual housing constitutes a stressful situation. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of individual housing as compared to conditions maintaining social contact on stress markers and epilepsy. Control male mice socially housed during pretest and then transferred to individual cages for six weeks displayed anhedonia, increased anxiety and biological markers of stress as compared to pretest values or mice kept socially housed during six weeks. Pilocarpine (pilo)-treated mice housed together showed increased levels of anhedonia, anxiety and stress markers as well as decreased cognitive performance as compared to the control group. The differences were more significant in pilo-treated mice housed individually. Anxiety correlated linearly with cognitive performance and stress markers independently of the experimental conditions. In the male rat pilo model, seizures were sixteen times more frequent in singly housed animals as compared to animals kept in pairs. Daily interactions with an experimenter in otherwise singly housed animals was sufficient to produce results identical to those found in animals kept in pairs. We propose that social isolation produces a severe phenotype in terms of stress and seizure frequency as compared to animals maintaining social contact (at least in these two models), a factor that needs to be taken into account for data interpretation, in particular for preclinical studies.
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23
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Impact of social rearing-environment on performance in a complex maze in females of a cichlid fish. Behav Processes 2019; 167:103915. [PMID: 31349022 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatial orientation is an important skill as it improves, for example, foraging, localisation of recourses, predator avoidance or navigation. Habitat complexity positively affects spatial abilities in various fish species with a more complex environment promoting learning ability. However, to what extent a complex social environment affects cognitive abilities in fishes has received less attention. Here, we investigated differences in maze performance of adult females of the West African cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus, which had been reared and maintained either in a group or in isolation from an early age on. Fish had to master the route through a maze in order to gain a food reward. Our results indicate marked differences in performance contingent upon social rearing-environment: isolation fish ran successful trials (i.e. locating the food reward) significantly more often than group fish and were faster during trials, also in a reversed maze. However, the number of mistakes did not differ between isolation and group fish and the time needed to relocate the food reward did not diminish with elapsed training days. In a second experiment, the activity of group and isolation fish was analysed in an open field test. Here, isolation fish were less active than group fish. We discuss different possibilities for performance differences of group and isolation fish including enhanced cognitive abilities of isolation fish, motivational/emotional differences and hyperactivity.
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Stevens JS, van Rooij SJH, Jovanovic T. Developmental Contributors to Trauma Response: The Importance of Sensitive Periods, Early Environment, and Sex Differences. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 38:1-22. [PMID: 27830573 PMCID: PMC5425320 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review considers early factors that interact with development to contribute to later trauma responses, including developmental sensitive periods, the effects of early environment, and the emergence of sex differences. We also describe development of neural substrates that have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and specifically focus on fear behavior and circuitry. Emerging evidence suggests that there may be developmental shifts around age 10 in these underlying circuits that may contribute to vulnerability. We also discuss age-related changes in the importance of caregiver availability as positive buffering factors. Hormonal changes later in development with onset during puberty appear to further shape development trajectories toward risk or resilience. We highlight these recent findings as well as the great need for further longitudinal research from middle childhood through early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Suite 331, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Suite 331, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr, Suite 331, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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25
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Candemir E, Post A, Dischinger US, Palme R, Slattery DA, O'Leary A, Reif A. Limited effects of early life manipulations on sex-specific gene expression and behavior in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2019; 369:111927. [PMID: 31034851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood adversity is associated with increased vulnerability to stress-related disorders in adulthood which has been replicated in rodent stress models, whereas environmental enrichment has been suggested to have beneficial effects. However, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying these environment influences on adult brain and behavior are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the long-term effects of maternal separation (MS) or environmental enrichment (EE) in male and female CD1 mice. We found clear sex-specific effects, but limited influence of environmental manipulations, on adult behavior, fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels and stress- and plasticity related gene expression in discrete brain regions. In detail, adult females displayed higher locomotor activity and FCM levels compared to males and EE resulted in attenuation in both measures, but only in females. There were no sex- or postnatal manipulation-dependent differences in anxiety-related behaviors in either sex. Gene expression analyses revealed that adult males showed higher Fkbp5 mRNA levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus and raphe nuclei, and higher hippocampal Nos1 levels. Interestingly, MS elevated Nos1 levels in hippocampus but reduced Fkbp5 expression in hypothalamus of males. Finally, we also found higher Maoa expression in the hypothalamus of adult females, however no differences were observed in the expression levels of Bdnf, Crhr1, Nr3c1 and Htr1a. Our findings further contribute to sex-dependent differences in behavior, corticosterone and gene expression and reveal that the effects of postnatal manipulations on these parameters in outbred CD1 mice are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Candemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonia Post
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Severin Dischinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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Engel S, Laufer S, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. The endogenous oxytocin system in depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:138-149. [PMID: 30458371 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The oxytocin system is involved in psychological functions and interacts with biological systems that are altered in patients suffering from depressive disorders. This suggests a possible role of oxytocin in the development and maintenance of depression. We provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis that specifically addresses differences in basal endogenous oxytocin concentrations between patients with depressive disorders and healthy controls. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that measured basal endogenous oxytocin concentrations in depressive patients and healthy controls. We included k = 13 studies (n = 368 patients and n = 346 healthy controls) in the qualitative review and k = 9 studies (n = 273 patients and n = 273 healthy controls) in the meta-analytic procedure. Standardized mean group differences were non-significant (g = -0.02, CI = [-0.41; 0.36]), indicating that depressive patients and healthy controls did not differ in basal endogenous oxytocin concentrations. The overall effect was heterogeneous. Effects within studies showing comparable risks of biases, as rated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, were non-significant as well, but homogeneous. The findings suggest that more complex research designs and methodological approaches should be employed to detect and understand a possible role of the oxytocin system in depressive disorders. We provide recommendations for subsequent promising study designs, involving the consideration of illness phase, comorbidities and correlations with psychological functions or symptoms. We point out the strengths of reactivity designs and multidimensional measurement approaches and recommend to linking future research questions to theories of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinha Engel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Laufer
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Chronic stress-induced gut dysfunction exacerbates Parkinson's disease phenotype and pathology in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 135:104352. [PMID: 30579705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence provides support for involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. We propose that a pro-inflammatory intestinal milieu, due to intestinal hyper-permeability and/or microbial dysbiosis, initiates or exacerbates PD pathogenesis. One factor that can cause intestinal hyper-permeability and dysbiosis is chronic stress which has been shown to accelerate neuronal degeneration and motor deficits in Parkinsonism rodent models. We hypothesized that stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis lead to a pro-inflammatory milieu that exacerbates the PD phenotype in the low-dose oral rotenone PD mice model. To test this hypothesis, mice received unpredictable restraint stress (RS) for 12 weeks, and during the last six weeks mice also received a daily administration of low-dose rotenone (10 mg/kg/day) orally. The initial six weeks of RS caused significantly higher urinary cortisol, intestinal hyperpermeability, and decreased abundance of putative "anti-inflammatory" bacteria (Lactobacillus) compared to non-stressed mice. Rotenone alone (i.e., without RS) disrupted the colonic expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1, increased oxidative stress (N-tyrosine), increased myenteric plexus enteric glial cell GFAP expression and increased α-synuclein (α-syn) protein levels in the colon compared to controls. Restraint stress exacerbated these rotenone-induced changes. Specifically, RS potentiated rotenone-induced effects in the colon including: 1) intestinal hyper-permeability, 2) disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin1), 3) oxidative stress (N-tyrosine), 4) inflammation in glial cells (GFAP + enteric glia cells), 5) α-syn, 6) increased relative abundance of fecal Akkermansia (mucin-degrading Gram-negative bacteria), and 7) endotoxemia. In addition, RS promoted a number of rotenone-induced effects in the brain including: 1) reduced number of resting microglia and a higher number of dystrophic/phagocytic microglia as well as (FJ-C+) dying cells in the substantia nigra (SN), 2) increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reactivity in the SN, and 3) reduced dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites (DOPAC, HVA) in the striatum compared to control mice. Our findings support a model in which chronic stress-induced, gut-derived, pro-inflammatory milieu exacerbates the PD phenotype via a dysfunctional microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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28
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Álvarez-Suárez P, Moreno-Fernández RD, García-Castro G, Cuesta M, Begega A. Environmental Enrichment Results in Both Brain Connectivity Efficiency and Selective Improvement in Different Behavioral Tasks. Neuroscience 2018; 388:374-383. [PMID: 30086366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) has been a useful model for studying the effects of experience on brain plasticity, but to date, few is known about the impact of this condition on the brain functional networks that probably underlies the multiple behavioral improvements. Hence, we assessed the effect of an EE protocol in adult Wistar rats on the performance in several behavioral tasks testing different domains (Open field (OP): locomotor activity; Elevated-zero maze (EZM): anxiety-related behaviors; 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT): attentional processes; 4-arm radial water maze (4-RAWM): spatial memory) in order to check its effectiveness in a wide range of functions. After this, we analyzed the functional brain connectivity underlying each experimental condition through cytochrome C oxidase (COx) histochemistry. Our EE protocol reduced both locomotor activity in the OP and anxiety-related behaviors in the EZM. On the other hand, enriched rats showed more accuracy in the 4-RAWM, whereas 5-CSRTT performance was not significantly ameliorated by EE condition. In relation to COx functional connectivity, we found that EE reduced the number of strong positive correlations both in basal and training conditions, suggesting a modulating effect on specific brain connections. Our results suggest that EE seems to have a selective effect on specific brain regions, such as prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, leading to a more efficient brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
| | | | - R D Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - G García-Castro
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias INEUROPA, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Cuesta
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias INEUROPA, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Begega
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias INEUROPA, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Liu J, Scira J, Donaldson S, Kajiji N, Dash GH, Donaldson ST. Sex and Trait Anxiety Differences in Psychological Stress are Modified by Environment. Neuroscience 2018; 383:178-190. [PMID: 29751056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence-based research has revealed how physiological and emotional responses to acute stress are adaptive. However, under conditions of unpredictable or protracted stress, health and drug vulnerability can be compromised. In this study, we examined anxiety-like behavioral responses of 4th generation adolescent male and female Long Evans rats selectively bred for high (HAn) and low (LAn) anxiety-like behavior when housed in an isolated environment (IE) versus a social environment (SE). After 35 days in IE or SE, animals were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), injected with amphetamine (AMPH: 0.5 mg/kg, IP) in the locomotor activity (LMA) chamber, measured for basal and post air puff-stressor core body temperature and blood pressure. Following select rearing, SE reduced the anxiogenic response in HAn rats with females displaying the lowest anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. During habituation in the LMA, IE rats remained active, while post-AMPH injection HAn females were hyperactive, followed closely by LAn females. Our findings from the post-stressor physiological measurements indicate that temperature differences due to environment are observed only in the SE females. We also observed group differences for diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure. HAn IE males experienced higher DBP and SBP but LAn IE females only experienced higher SBP. Not only do our findings corroborate earlier work on HAn/LAn lines but the findings obtained from this research offer new insights about the role of environment and the role of sex in (1) modulation of anxiety-like behavior, (2) AMPH sensitivity, and (3) basal and stress-induced physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Liu
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - John Scira
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Simone Donaldson
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Nina Kajiji
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Gordon H Dash
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, and Finance Area, College of Business, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - S Tiffany Donaldson
- Developmental and Brain Sciences, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States.
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30
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Schipper L, Harvey L, van der Beek EM, van Dijk G. Home alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of individual housing on body weight, food intake and visceral fat mass in rodents. Obes Rev 2018; 19:614-637. [PMID: 29334694 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are widely used to study environmental effects on psychological and metabolic health. Study designs differ widely and are often characterized by varying (social) housing conditions. In itself, housing has a profound influence on physiology and behaviour of rodents, affecting energy balance and sustainable metabolic health. However, evidence for potential long-term consequences of individual versus social housing on body weight and metabolic phenotype is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analyses assessing effects of individual versus social housing of rats and mice, living under well-accepted laboratory conditions, on measures of metabolic health, including body weight, food intake and visceral adipose tissue mass. Seventy-one studies were included in this review; 59 were included in the meta-analysis. Whilst housing did not affect body weight, both food intake and visceral adipose tissue mass were significantly higher in individually compared with socially housed animals. A combination of emotional stress and lack of social thermoregulation likely contributed to these effects. Increased awareness of consequences and improved specifications of housing conditions are necessary to accurately evaluate efficacy of drugs, diets or other interventions on metabolic and other health outcomes because housing conditions are rarely considered as possible moderators of reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schipper
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology Cluster, Department Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - E M van der Beek
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology Cluster, Department Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Lo Iacono L, Carola V. The impact of adolescent stress experiences on neurobiological development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 77:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Caruso MJ, Kamens HM, Cavigelli SA. Exposure to chronic variable social stress during adolescence alters affect-related behaviors and adrenocortical activity in adult male and female inbred mice. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:679-687. [PMID: 28678409 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models provide valuable insight into mechanisms that underlie vulnerability to adverse effects of early-life challenges. Few studies have evaluated sex differences in anxiogenic or depressogenic effects of adolescent social stress in a rodent model. Furthermore, adolescent stress studies often use genetically heterogeneous outbred rodents which can lead to variable results. The current study evaluated the effects of adolescent social stress in male and female inbred (BALB/cJ) mice. Adolescent mice were exposed to repeat cycles of alternating social isolation and social novelty for 4 weeks. Adolescent social stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both sexes and depression-related behavior in females. Locomotion/exploratory behavior was also decreased in both sexes by stress. Previously stressed adult mice produced less basal fecal corticosteroids than controls. Overall, the novel protocol induced sex-specific changes in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors and corticoid production in inbred mice. The chronic variable social stress protocol used here may be beneficial to systematically investigate sex-specific neurobiological mechanisms underlying adolescent stress vulnerability where genetic background can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Caruso
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Helen M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonia A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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33
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Reinboth BS, Köster C, Abberger H, Prager S, Bendix I, Felderhoff-Müser U, Herz J. Endogenous hypothermic response to hypoxia reduces brain injury: Implications for modeling hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal mice. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:264-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Romeo RD, Patel R, Pham L, So VM. Adolescence and the ontogeny of the hormonal stress response in male and female rats and mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:206-216. [PMID: 27235079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent development is marked by many changes in neuroendocrine function, resulting in both immediate and long-term influences on an individual's physiology and behavior. Stress-induced hormonal responses are one such change, with adolescent animals often showing different patterns of hormonal reactivity following a stressor compared with adults. This review will describe the unique ways in which adolescent animals respond to a variety of stressors and how these adolescent-related changes in hormonal responsiveness can be further modified by the sex and previous experience of the individual. Potential central and peripheral mechanisms that contribute to these developmental shifts in stress reactivity are also discussed. Finally, the short- and long-term programming effects of chronic stress exposure during adolescence on later adult hormonal responsiveness are also examined. Though far from a clear understanding of the neurobehavioral consequences of these adolescent-related shifts in stress reactivity, continued study of developmental changes in stress-induced hormonal responses may shed light on the increased vulnerability to physical and psychological dysfunctions that often accompany a stressful adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell D Romeo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Ravenna Patel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Laurie Pham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Veronica M So
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
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35
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Hesse S, Bakker TC, Baldauf SA, Thünken T. Impact of social environment on inter- and intrasexual selection in a cichlid fish with mutual mate choice. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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36
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Lespine LF, Tirelli E. The protective effects of free wheel-running against cocaine psychomotor sensitization persist after exercise cessation in C57BL/6J mice. Neuroscience 2015; 310:650-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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37
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Venna VR, McCullough LD. Role of social factors on cell death, cerebral plasticity and recovery after stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:497-506. [PMID: 24748365 PMCID: PMC4206683 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a serious global health care problem. It is now is the fourth leading cause of death and the primary cause of adult disability in the United States. Substantial evidence from both experimental and clinical studies has demonstrated that social isolation (SI) can increase stroke incidence and impair recovery. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that an increasing number of patients are living alone, and as the aging population increases, loneliness will only increase in prevalence. SI is increasingly identified as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality. In contrast, individuals with high levels of social support exhibit more rapid and extensive functional and cognitive recovery after a wide variety of pathological insults, including stroke. Clinical data suggests that SI is an important risk factor for increased mortality and delayed functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Attesting to the importance of mortality and behavioral factors in stroke outcome is that these same effects can be reproduced in animal models of experimental stroke. This has allowed researchers to identify several mechanistic changes that occur with affiliative interactions. These include decreased systemic inflammation, elaboration of growth factors including brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), enhanced neurogenesis, and improved neuroimmune responsiveness in group housed animals. These may mediate the beneficial effects of social interaction on improving stroke recovery and reducing neuronal death. In this review we provide an overview of the effects of SI on ischemic injury and recovery and discuss their clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
- Department of Neurology, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
- The Stroke Center at Hartford Hospital, 85 Jefferson Street, Hartford Connecticut 06102, USA
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38
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Hesse S, Anaya-Rojas JM, Frommen JG, Thünken T. Social deprivation affects cooperative predator inspection in a cichlid fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140451. [PMID: 26064616 PMCID: PMC4448828 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The social environment individuals are exposed to during ontogeny shapes social skills and social competence in group-living animals. Consequently, social deprivation has serious effects on behaviour and development in animals but little is known about its impact on cooperation. In this study, we examined the effect of social environment on cooperative predator inspection. Predator inspection behaviour is a complex behaviour, which is present in a variety of shoaling fish species. Often, two fish leave the safety of the group and inspect a potentially dangerous predator in order to gather information about the current predation risk. As predator inspection is highly risky, it is prone to conflicts and cheating. However, cooperation among individuals may reduce the individual predation risk. We investigated this complex social behaviour in juveniles of the cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus that were reared in two different social environments throughout development. Fish reared in a group inspected more often than isolation-reared fish and were more likely to cooperate, i.e. they conducted conjoint inspection of a predator. By contrast, isolation-reared fish were more likely to perform a single inspection without a companion. These results suggest an impairment of cooperative behaviour in isolation-reared fish most probably due to lack of social experience and resulting in lowered social skills needed in coordinated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hesse
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Jaime M. Anaya-Rojas
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, Bonn 53121, Germany
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestraße 79, Kastanienbaum 6047, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestraße 79, Kastanienbaum 6047, Switzerland
| | - Joachim G. Frommen
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstr. 50a, Hinterkappelen 3032, Switzerland
| | - Timo Thünken
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, Bonn 53121, Germany
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstr. 50a, Hinterkappelen 3032, Switzerland
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Mörelius E, Örtenstrand A, Theodorsson E, Frostell A. A randomised trial of continuous skin-to-skin contact after preterm birth and the effects on salivary cortisol, parental stress, depression, and breastfeeding. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:63-70. [PMID: 25545453 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of almost continuous skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on salivary cortisol, parental stress, parental depression, and breastfeeding. STUDY DESIGN This is a randomised study engaging families of late preterm infants (32-35 weeks gestation). Salivary cortisol reactivity was measured in infants during a nappy change at one month corrected age, and in infants and mothers during still-face at four month corrected age. Both parents completed the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) at one month and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at one and four months. Ainsworth's sensitivity scale was used to control for parental sensitivity. SUBJECTS Thirty-seven families from two different neonatal care units in Sweden, randomised to either almost continuous SSC or standard care (SC). RESULTS Infants randomised to SSC had a lower salivary cortisol reactivity at one month (p=0.01). There was a correlation between the mothers' and the preterm infants' salivary cortisol levels at four months in the SSC group (ρ=0.65, p=0.005), but not in the SC group (ρ=0.14, p=0.63). Fathers in SSC scored lower on the SPSQ sub-scale spouse relationship problems compared to fathers in SC (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Almost continuous SSC decreases infants' cortisol reactivity in response to handling, improves the concordance between mothers' and infants' salivary cortisol levels, and decreases fathers' experiences of spouse relationship problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evalotte Mörelius
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Annika Örtenstrand
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Neonatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anneli Frostell
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Metabolic Effects of Social Isolation in Adult C57BL/6 Mice. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:690950. [PMID: 27433503 PMCID: PMC4897244 DOI: 10.1155/2014/690950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic dysfunction are risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and certain forms of cancers. Both animal studies and human population-based and clinical studies have suggested that chronic stress is a risk factor for metabolic disorders. A good social support system is known to exert positive effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual. On the other hand, long-term deprivation of social contacts may represent a stressful condition that has negative effects on health. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic social isolation on metabolic parameters in adult C57BL/6 mice. We found that individually housed mice had increased adipose mass compared to group-housed mice, despite comparable body weight. The mechanism for the expansion of white adipose tissue mass was depot-specific. Notably, food intake was reduced in the social isolated animals, which occurred around the light-dark phase transition periods. Similarly, reductions in heat generated and the respiratory exchange ratio were observed during the light-dark transitions. These phase-specific changes due to long-term social isolation have not been reported previously. Our study shows social isolation contributes to increased adiposity and altered metabolic functions.
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41
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Caruso MJ, McClintock MK, Cavigelli SA. Temperament moderates the influence of periadolescent social experience on behavior and adrenocortical activity in adult male rats. Horm Behav 2014; 66:517-24. [PMID: 25066485 PMCID: PMC4498393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of significant behavioral and physiological maturation, particularly related to stress responses. Animal studies that have tested the influence of adolescent social experiences on stress-related behavioral and physiological development have led to complex results. We used a rodent model of neophobia to test the hypothesis that the influence of adolescent social experience on adult behavior and adrenocortical function is modulated by pre-adolescent temperament. Exploratory activity was assessed in 53 male Sprague-Dawley rats to classify temperament and then they were housed in one of the three conditions during postnatal days (PND) 28-46: (1) with familiar kin, (2) with novel social partners, or (3) individually with no social partners. Effects on adult adrenocortical function were evaluated from fecal samples collected while rats were individually-housed and exposed to a 1-hour novel social challenge during PND 110-114. Adolescent-housing with novel or no social partners led to reduced adult glucocorticoid production compared to adolescent-housing with familiar littermates. Additionally, highly-exploratory pre-weanling rats that were housed with novel social partners during adolescence exhibited increased exploratory behavior and a more rapid return to basal glucocorticoid production in adulthood compared to those housed with familiar or no social partners during adolescence and compared to low-exploratory rats exposed to novel social partners. In sum, relatively short-term adolescent social experiences can cause transient changes in temperament and potentially longer-term changes in recovery of glucocorticoid production in response to adult social challenges. Furthermore, early temperament may modulate the influence of adolescent experiences on adult behavioral and adrenocortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Caruso
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - M K McClintock
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - S A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Hesse S, Thünken T. Growth and social behavior in a cichlid fish are affected by social rearing environment and kinship. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:273-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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The effects of social isolation on wound healing mechanisms in female mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 127:64-70. [PMID: 24486329 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various stressors impair wound healing in humans and rodents. For example, social isolation delays wound closure in rodents, but the healing mechanisms that underlie this delay have yet to be identified. Here, the effects of three weeks of social isolation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses and healing factors involved in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing were assessed in adult female hairless mice. Social isolation reduced basal circulating corticosterone concentrations and increased body and thymus weights compared with group-housed controls. Isolation impaired dermal wound closure by up to 30% and reduced initial total wound bacterial load relative to controls. Inflammatory gene expression in the wounds was not affected by the observed differences in wound bacterial load. However, isolation reduced wound gene expression of keratinocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are involved in keratinocyte proliferation/migration and angiogenesis during the proliferative phase of healing. These data indicate that social isolation induces healing impairments that may be attributed to reductions in growth factors necessary for proper skin cell proliferation and blood vessel growth during healing. This healing impairment occurred in the absence of both high wound bacterial load and elevated circulating glucocorticoids, which have previously been hypothesized to be required for stress-impaired healing in mice.
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Lalanza JF, Caimari A, del Bas JM, Torregrosa D, Cigarroa I, Pallàs M, Capdevila L, Arola L, Escorihuela RM. Effects of a post-weaning cafeteria diet in young rats: metabolic syndrome, reduced activity and low anxiety-like behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85049. [PMID: 24482678 PMCID: PMC3895047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Among adolescents, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing in recent years as a consequence of unhealthy palatable diets. Animal models of diet-induced obesity have been developed, but little is known about the behavioural patterns produced by the consumption of such diets. The aim of the present study was to determine the behavioural and biochemical effects of a cafeteria diet fed to juvenile male and female rats, as well as to evaluate the possible recovery from these effects by administering standard feeding during the last week of the study. Two groups of male and female rats were fed with either a standard chow diet (ST) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet from weaning and for 8 weeks. A third group of males (CAF withdrawal) was fed with the CAF diet for 7 weeks and the ST in the 8th week. Both males and females developed metabolic syndrome as a consequence of the CAF feeding, showing overweight, higher adiposity and liver weight, increased plasma levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides, as well as insulin resistance, in comparison with their respective controls. The CAF diet reduced motor activity in all behavioural tests, enhanced exploration, reduced anxiety-like behaviour and increased social interaction; this last effect was more pronounced in females than in males. When compared to animals only fed with a CAF diet, CAF withdrawal increased anxiety in the open field, slightly decreased body weight, and completely recovered the liver weight, insulin sensitivity and the standard levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides in plasma. In conclusion, a CAF diet fed to young animals for 8 weeks induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, and produced robust behavioural changes in young adult rats, whereas CAF withdrawal in the last week modestly increased anxiety, reversed the metabolic alterations and partially reduced overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Laboratori de Psicologia de l'Esport, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M del Bas
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel Torregrosa
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Grado de Kinesiología, sede Los Ángeles, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Secció de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Lluís Capdevila
- Laboratori de Psicologia de l'Esport, Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Reus, Spain ; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jang EH, Ahn SH, Lee YS, Lee HR, Kaang BK. Effect of Food Deprivation on a Delayed Nonmatch-to-place T-maze Task. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:124-7. [PMID: 23833561 PMCID: PMC3699673 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food deprivation can affect performance on difficult cognitive task, such as the delayed nonmatch-to-place T-maze task (DNMT). The importance of food deprivation on maintaining high motivation for DNMT task has been emphasized, but not many studies have investigated the optimal conditions for depriving rodents to maximize performance. Establishing appropriate conditions for food deprivation is necessary to maintain DNMT task motivation. We applied different conditions of food deprivation (1-h food restriction vs. 1.5-g food restriction; single caging vs. group caging) and measured body weight and the number of correct choices that 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice made during the DNMT task. The 1.5-g food restriction group maintained 76.0±0.6% of their initial body weight, but the final body weight of the 1-h food restriction condition group was reduced to 62.2±0.8% of their initial body weight. These results propose that 1.5-g food restriction condition is effective condition for maintaining both body weight and motivation to complete the DNMT task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hae Jang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Amani M, Samadi H, Doosti MH, Azarfarin M, Bakhtiari A, Majidi-Zolbanin N, Mirza-Rahimi M, Salari AA. Neonatal NMDA receptor blockade alters anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:87-97. [PMID: 23688920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in the neonatal period has a long-lasting influence on brain and behavior development and has been linked to an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders in later life. We sought to determine whether postnatal NMDA receptor blockade can affect normal development of body weight, corticosterone levels, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in male and female mice in adulthood. For this purpose, male and female NMRI mice were treated with either saline or phencyclidine (PCP; 5 and 10 mg/kg, s.c.) on postnatal days (PND) 7, 9, and 11, and then subjected to different behavioral tests, including open field, elevated plus-maze, elevated zero-maze, light-dark box, tail suspension test and forced swimming test in adulthood. The results indicated that neonatal PCP treatment reduced body weight during neonatal and adulthood periods, and did not alter baseline corticosterone levels in both male and female mice. Moreover, this study obtained some experimental evidence showing the PCP at dose of 10 mg/kg increases stress-induced corticosterone levels, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in males, while decreasing levels of anxiety without any significant effect on depression in female mice in adulthood. These data support the argument that neonatal NMDA receptor blockade can lead to behavioral abnormalities and psychiatric diseases in adulthood. Collectively, our findings suggest that neonatal exposure to PCP may have profound effects on the development of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a sex- and dose-dependent manner in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Veenit V, Cordero MI, Tzanoulinou S, Sandi C. Increased corticosterone in peripubertal rats leads to long-lasting alterations in social exploration and aggression. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:26. [PMID: 23576965 PMCID: PMC3616252 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during childhood and adolescence enhances the risk of psychopathology later in life. We have previously shown that subjecting male rats to stress during the peripubertal period induces long-lasting effects on emotion and social behaviors. As corticosterone is increased by stress and known to exert important programming effects, we reasoned that increasing corticosterone might mimic the effects of peripubertal stress. To this end, we injected corticosterone (5 mg/kg) on 7 scattered days during the peripuberty period (P28-P30, P34, P36, P40, and P42), following the same experimental schedule as for stress administration in our peripubertal paradigm. We measured play behavior in the homecage and, at adulthood, the corticosterone response to novelty and behavioral responses in tests for anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, aggression, and social exploration. As compared to vehicle, corticosterone-treated animals exhibit more aggressive play behavior during adolescence, increased aggressive behavior in a resident-intruder (RI) test while reduced juvenile exploration and corticosterone reactivity at adulthood. Whereas the corticosterone treatment mimicked alterations induced by the peripuberty stress protocol in the social domain, it did not reproduce previously observed effects of peripuberty stress on increasing anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, respectively evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the forced swim tests. Our findings indicate that increasing corticosterone levels during peripuberty might be instrumental to program alterations in the social domain observed following stress, whereas other factors might need to be recruited for the programming of long-term changes in emotionality. Our study opens the possibility that individual differences on the degree of glucocorticoid activation during peripuberty might be central to defining differences in vulnerability to develop psychopathological disorders coursing with alterations in the social realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Veenit
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bobrovskaya L, Maniam J, Ong LK, Dunkley PR, Morris MJ. Early Life Stress and Post-Weaning High Fat Diet Alter Tyrosine Hydroxylase Regulation and AT1 Receptor Expression in the Adrenal Gland in a Sex Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:826-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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