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Paul DC, Bhattacharjee M. Revisiting the significance of natural protease inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135899. [PMID: 39317291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) function as a natural adversary to proteolytic enzymes. They can diminish or inhibit the catalytic properties of proteases, which are crucial for various tasks in the physiology and metabolism of cellular forms. Protease Inhibitors are low molecular weight (5-25 kDa) stable proteins. Plants are a fair source of PIs, so foods containing PIs remarkably influence human health. PIs are usually present in storage tissues of the plant, although they are present in other aerial parts as well. In plants, protease inhibitors participate in vital functions such as maintaining physiological homeostasis, mobilization of storage proteins, defense systems, apoptosis, and other processes. In recent years, plant-derived PIs have shown promising results in treating various diseases including inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis, cardiovascular issues, and brain disorders. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics, applications, and challenges associated with natural protease inhibitors in plants, which draws insights from an extensive examination of 80+ research papers with a focus on their potential in agriculture and medicine. By synthesizing findings from an extensive literature review, this work aims to guide future research directions and innovations in leveraging plant-based PIs for sustainable agricultural practices and advanced therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Chandra Paul
- Programme of Biotechnology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam 26, India
| | - Minakshi Bhattacharjee
- Programme of Biotechnology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam 26, India.
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2
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Del Prete S, Pagano M. Enzyme Inhibitors as Multifaceted Tools in Medicine and Agriculture. Molecules 2024; 29:4314. [PMID: 39339309 PMCID: PMC11433695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are molecules that play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and balance in all living organisms by catalyzing metabolic and cellular processes. If an enzyme's mechanism of action is inhibited, the progression of certain diseases can be slowed or halted, making enzymes a key therapeutic target. Therefore, identifying or developing enzyme inhibitors is essential for treating significant diseases and ensuring plant defense against pathogens. This review aims to compile information on various types of enzyme inhibitors, particularly those that are well studied and beneficial in both human and plant contexts, by analyzing their mechanisms of action and the resulting benefits. Specifically, this review focuses on three different types of enzyme inhibitors that are most studied, recognized, and cited, each with distinct areas of action and potential benefits. For instance, serine enzyme inhibitors in plants help defend against pathogens, while the other two classes-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors-have significant effects on human health. Furthermore, this review is also intended to assist other researchers by providing valuable insights into the biological effects of specific natural or synthetic inhibitors. Based on the current understanding of these enzyme inhibitors, which are among the most extensively studied in the scientific community, future research could explore their use in additional applications or the development of synthetic inhibitors derived from natural ones. Such inhibitors could aid in defending against pathogenic organisms, preventing the onset of diseases in humans, or even slowing the growth of certain pathogenic microorganisms. Notably, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have shown promising results in potentially replacing antibiotics, thereby addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Pagano
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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3
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Zhang C, Fang H, Wang J, Tao H, Wang D, Qin M, He F, Wang R, Wang GL, Ning Y. The rice E3 ubiquitin ligase-transcription factor module targets two trypsin inhibitors to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2017-2033.e5. [PMID: 38781974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum disease resistance (BSR) is crucial for controlling plant diseases and relies on immune signals that are subject to transcriptional and post-translational regulation. How plants integrate and coordinate these signals remains unclear. We show here that the rice really interesting new gene (RING)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase OsRING113 targets APIP5, a negative regulator of plant immunity and programmed cell death (PCD), for 26S proteasomal degradation. The osring113 mutants in Nipponbare exhibited decreased BSR, while the overexpressing OsRING113 plants showed enhanced BSR against Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Furthermore, APIP5 directly suppressed the transcription of the Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor genes OsBBTI5 and AvrPiz-t-interacting protein 4 (APIP4). Overexpression of these two genes, which are partially required for APIP5-mediated PCD and disease resistance, conferred BSR. OsBBTI5 and APIP4 associated with and stabilized the pathogenesis-related protein OsPR1aL, which promotes M. oryzae resistance. Our results identify an immune module with integrated and coordinated hierarchical regulations that confer BSR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Debao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengchao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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4
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Kordiš D, Turk V. Origin and Early Diversification of the Papain Family of Cysteine Peptidases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11761. [PMID: 37511529 PMCID: PMC10380794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidases of the papain family play a key role in protein degradation, regulated proteolysis, and the host-pathogen arms race. Although the papain family has been the subject of many studies, knowledge about its diversity, origin, and evolution in Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea is limited; thus, we aimed to address these long-standing knowledge gaps. We traced the origin and expansion of the papain family with a phylogenomic analysis, using sequence data from numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteomes, transcriptomes, and genomes. We identified the full complement of the papain family in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages. Analysis of the papain family provided strong evidence for its early diversification in the ancestor of eukaryotes. We found that the papain family has undergone complex and dynamic evolution through numerous gene duplications, which produced eight eukaryotic ancestral paralogous C1A lineages during eukaryogenesis. Different evolutionary forces operated on C1A peptidases, including gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and gene loss. This study challenges the current understanding of the origin and evolution of the papain family and provides valuable insights into their early diversification. The findings of this comprehensive study provide guidelines for future structural and functional studies of the papain family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Kordiš
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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Natale R, Coppola M, D'Agostino N, Zhang Y, Fernie AR, Castaldi V, Rao R. In silico and in vitro approaches allow the identification of the Prosystemin molecular network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:212-223. [PMID: 36544481 PMCID: PMC9755248 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato Prosystemin (ProSys), the precursor of Systemin, a small peptidic hormone, is produced at very low concentration in unchallenged plants, while its expression greatly increases in response to several different stressors triggering an array of defence responses. The molecular mechanisms that underpin such a wide array of defence barriers are not fully understood and are likely correlated with the intrinsically disordered (ID) structure of the protein. ID proteins interact with different protein partners forming complexes involved in the modulation of different biological mechanisms. Here we describe the ProSys-protein network that shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning ProSys associated defence responses. Three different approaches were used. In silico prediction resulted in 98 direct interactors, most clustering in phytohormone biosynthesis, transcription factors and signal transduction gene classes. The network shows the central role of ProSys during defence responses, that reflects its role as central hub. In vitro ProSys interactors, identified by Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry (AP-MS), revealed over three hundred protein partners, while Bimolecular Fluorescent Complementation (BiFC) experiments validated in vivo some interactors predicted in silico and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that ProSys interacts with several proteins and reveal new key molecular events in the ProSys-dependent defence response of tomato plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Natale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Mariangela Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Valeria Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
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6
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Singh AA, Pillay P, Naicker P, Alexandre K, Malatji K, Mach L, Steinkellner H, Vorster J, Chikwamba R, Tsekoa TL. Transient proteolysis reduction of Nicotiana benthamiana-produced CAP256 broadly neutralizing antibodies using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953654. [PMID: 36061808 PMCID: PMC9433777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response is elicited by Agrobacterium infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana, including the induction and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, such as proteases. This includes the induction of the expression of several cysteine proteases from the C1 (papain-like cysteine protease) and C13 (legumain-like cysteine protease) families. This study demonstrates the role of cysteine proteases: NbVPE-1a, NbVPE-1b, and NbCysP6 in the proteolytic degradation of Nicotiana benthamiana (glycosylation mutant ΔXTFT)-produced anti-human immunodeficiency virus broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256-VRC26.25. Three putative cysteine protease cleavage sites were identified in the fragment crystallizable region. We further demonstrate the transient coexpression of CAP256-VRC26.25 with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing vectors targeting the NbVPE-1a, NbVPE-1b, and NbCysP6 genes which resulted in a decrease in CAP256-VRC26.25 degradation. No differences in structural features were observed between the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)-produced and ΔXTFT broadly neutralizing antibodies produced with and without the coexpression of genome-editing vectors. Furthermore, despite the presence of proteolytically degraded fragments of plant-produced CAP256-VRC26.25 without the coexpression of genome editing vectors, no influence on the in vitro functional activity was detected. Collectively, we demonstrate an innovative in planta strategy for improving the quality of the CAP256 antibodies through the transient expression of the CRISPR/Cas9 vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advaita Acarya Singh
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyen Pillay
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Previn Naicker
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabamba Alexandre
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kanyane Malatji
- NextGen Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Vorster
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rachel Chikwamba
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tsepo L. Tsekoa
- Future Production: Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
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7
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Singh AA, Pillay P, Tsekoa TL. Engineering Approaches in Plant Molecular Farming for Global Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111270. [PMID: 34835201 PMCID: PMC8623924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the demonstration of the first plant-produced proteins of medical interest, there has been significant growth and interest in the field of plant molecular farming, with plants now being considered a viable production platform for vaccines. Despite this interest and development by a few biopharmaceutical companies, plant molecular farming is yet to be embraced by ‘big pharma’. The plant system offers a faster alternative, which is a potentially more cost-effective and scalable platform for the mass production of highly complex protein vaccines, owing to the high degree of similarity between the plant and mammalian secretory pathway. Here, we identify and address bottlenecks in the use of plants for vaccine manufacturing and discuss engineering approaches that demonstrate both the utility and versatility of the plant production system as a viable biomanufacturing platform for global health. Strategies for improving the yields and quality of plant-produced vaccines, as well as the incorporation of authentic posttranslational modifications that are essential to the functionality of these highly complex protein vaccines, will also be discussed. Case-by-case examples are considered for improving the production of functional protein-based vaccines. The combination of all these strategies provides a basis for the use of cutting-edge genome editing technology to create a general plant chassis with reduced host cell proteins, which is optimised for high-level protein production of vaccines with the correct posttranslational modifications.
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8
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Bekalu ZE, Dionisio G, Madsen CK, Etzerodt T, Fomsgaard IS, Brinch-Pedersen H. Barley Nepenthesin-Like Aspartic Protease HvNEP-1 Degrades Fusarium Phytase, Impairs Toxin Production, and Suppresses the Fungal Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702557. [PMID: 34394154 PMCID: PMC8358834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthesins are categorized under the subfamily of the nepenthesin-like plant aspartic proteases (PAPs) that form a distinct group of atypical PAPs. This study describes the effect of nepenthesin 1 (HvNEP-1) protease from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on fungal histidine acid phosphatase (HAP) phytase activity. Signal peptide lacking HvNEP-1 was expressed in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. Recombinant HvNEP-1 (rHvNEP-1) strongly inhibited the activity of Aspergillus and Fusarium phytases, which are enzymes that release inorganic phosphorous from phytic acid. Moreover, rHvNEP-1 suppressed in vitro fungal growth and strongly reduced the production of mycotoxin, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), from Fusarium graminearum. The quantitative PCR analysis of trichothecene biosynthesis genes (TRI) confirmed that rHvNEP-1 strongly repressed the expression of TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, and TRI12 in F. graminearum. The co-incubation of rHvNEP-1 with recombinant F. graminearum (rFgPHY1) and Fusarium culmorum (FcPHY1) phytases induced substantial degradation of both Fusarium phytases, indicating that HvNEP-1-mediated proteolysis of the fungal phytases contributes to the HvNEP-1-based suppression of Fusarium.
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Chen DY, Chen QY, Wang DD, Mu YP, Wang MY, Huang JR, Mao YB. Differential Transcription and Alternative Splicing in Cotton Underly Specialized Defense Responses Against Pests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573131. [PMID: 33072149 PMCID: PMC7533563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The green mirid bug (Apolygus lucorum) and the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) are both preferred to live on cotton but cause different symptoms, suggesting specialized responses of cotton to the two insects. In this study, we investigated differential molecular mechanisms underlying cotton plant defenses against A. lucorum and H. armigera via transcriptomic analyses. At the transcription level, jasmonate (JA) signaling was dominated in defense against H. armigera whereas salicylic acid (SA) signaling was more significant in defense against A. lucorum. A set of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and protease inhibitor genes were differentially induced by the two insects. Insect infestations also had an impact on alternative splicing (AS), which was altered more significantly by the H. armigera than A. lucorum. Interestingly, most differential AS (DAS) genes had no obvious change at the transcription level. GO analysis revealed that biological process termed "RNA splicing" and "cellular response to abiotic stimulus" were enriched only in DAS genes from the H. armigera infested samples. Furthermore, insect infestations induced the retained intron of GhJAZs transcripts, which produced a truncated protein lacking the intact Jas motif. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the specialized cotton response to different insects is regulated by gene transcription and AS as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Yang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Rong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Islam MT, Gan HM, Ziemann M, Hussain HI, Arioli T, Cahill D. Phaeophyceaean (Brown Algal) Extracts Activate Plant Defense Systems in Arabidopsis thaliana Challenged With Phytophthora cinnamomi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:852. [PMID: 32765538 PMCID: PMC7381280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are important sources of plant biostimulants that boost agricultural productivity to meet current world demand. The ability of seaweed extracts based on either of the Phaeophyceaean species Ascophyllum nodosum or Durvillaea potatorum to enhance plant growth or suppress plant disease have recently been shown. However, very limited information is available on the mechanisms of suppression of plant disease by such extracts. In addition, there is no information on the ability of a combination of extracts from A. nodosum and D. potatorum to suppress a plant pathogen or to induce plant defense. The present study has explored the transcriptome, using RNA-seq, of Arabidopsis thaliana following treatment with extracts from the two species, or a mixture of both, prior to inoculation with the root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. Following inoculation, five time points (0-24 h post-inoculation) that represented early stages in the interaction of the pathogen with its host were assessed for each treatment and compared with their respective water controls. Wide scale transcriptome reprogramming occurred predominantly related to phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, changes in metabolic processes and cell wall biosynthesis, there was a broad induction of proteolysis pathways, a respiratory burst and numerous defense-related responses were induced. The induction by each seaweed extract of defense-related genes coincident with the time of inoculation showed that the plants were primed for defense prior to infection. Each seaweed extract acted differently in inducing plant defense-related genes. However, major systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related genes as well as salicylic acid-regulated marker genes (PR1, PR5, and NPR1) and auxin associated genes were found to be commonly up-regulated compared with the controls following treatment with each seaweed extract. Moreover, each seaweed extract suppressed P. cinnamomi growth within the roots of inoculated A. thaliana by the early induction of defense pathways and likely through ROS-based signaling pathways that were linked to production of ROS. Collectively, the RNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed the induction by seaweed extracts of suites of genes that are associated with direct or indirect plant defense in addition to responses that require cellular energy to maintain plant growth during biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tohidul Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Han Ming Gan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Tony Arioli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Seasol International R&D Department, Bayswater, VIC, Australia
| | - David Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Kumar VG, Viswanathan R, Malathi P, Sundar AR, Prasanth CN, Nandakumar M. Identification of differential expressed proteins and establishing a defense proteome of sugarcane in response to Colletotrichum falcatum infection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42161-020-00577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Oliveira MTA, Moura GMM, da Cruz JIO, Lima RVC, Dos Santos EA, Andrade JC, Alencar MVOB, Landim VPA, Coutinho HDM, Uchoa AF. Serine protease inhibition and modulatory-antibiotic activity of the proteic extract and fractions from Amburana cearensis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110946. [PMID: 31712106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory activity of serine protease, as well as antibacterial and antibiotic modifying activities of the crude extract and fractions of A. cearensis seeds. Microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the antibiotic resistance-modulating effects of samples against multiresistant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (SA10) and Escherichia coli (EC06). In the inhibition test for serine protease, all the samples showed inhibition of enzymatic activity. Crude extract and fractions of A. cearensis seeds showed a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ≥1024 μg/mL for all microorganisms tested. However, the samples acted as resistance modifying agent, presenting synergism when associated with gentamicin, norfloxacin and penicillin. The present study provides data indicating a possible use of the seeds extract of A. cearensis in association with antibiotics in the fight against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil; Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, CE, 62050-100, Brazil
| | - Geovanna M M Moura
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Joelton I O da Cruz
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Rayanna V C Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Elizeu A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline C Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioensaios - LABIO, Universidade Federal Do Cariri - UFCA, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Campus Brejo Santo, CE, 63048-080, Brazil
| | - Marcus V O B Alencar
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, CE, 62050-100, Brazil
| | - Vicente P A Landim
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, CE, 62050-100, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular-LMBM, Universidade Regional Do Cariri - URCA, Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil.
| | - Adriana F Uchoa
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
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13
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Madina MH, Rahman MS, Zheng H, Germain H. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:343-354. [PMID: 31621005 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis. Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant-microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Hur Madina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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14
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Xue Q, Wu XQ. Characteristics and function of a novel cystatin gene in the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042655. [PMID: 31511247 PMCID: PMC6777362 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the pathogen that causes pine wilt disease (PWD). The disease has caused significant economic losses and damage to forests. However, the pathogenic mechanism of B. xylophilus remains unclear. Cystatins are involved in various biological processes where they regulate normal proteolysis and also play a role in pathogenicity, but their functions in B. xylophilus are unknown. Therefore, we cloned the full-length cDNA of a cystatin gene of B. xylophilus (Bx-cpi-1) by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and analyzed its characteristics with bioinformatic methods. In situ mRNA hybridization analyses showed that transcripts of Bx-cpi-1 were abundantly expressed in the reproductive organs of B. xylophilus. The expression of Bx-cpi-1 was investigated using qPCR. Bx-cpi-1 was expressed during each of the different developmental stages of B. xylophilus. The highest gene expression was at the egg stage. After infection of Pinus massoniana, the expression of Bx-cpi-1 increased. The functions of Bx-cpi-1 were verified by RNA interference. The feeding rate, reproduction and pathogenicity of B. xylophilus all decreased as a result of silencing of the Bx-cpi-1 gene. These results revealed that Bx-cpi-1 may be a variant of a type II cystatin gene which is involved in the development and pathogenic process of B. xylophilus. Summary:Bx-cpi-1, a variant of a type II cystatin gene, was abundantly expressed in the reproductive organs of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus, and involved in the development and pathogenicity of B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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15
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Fang X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Li P, Zhang Q, Si J, Wei B, Miao Y, Tian L, Cai X. Lysosome and proteasome pathways are distributed in laticifers of Euphorbia helioscopia L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:1026-1038. [PMID: 30414186 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, the lysosome pathway (LP) and proteasome pathway (PP) are known as major clearance systems in eukaryotic cells. The laticifer, a secretory tissue, degrades some cytoplasm during development. In this study, we investigated the distribution of LP and PP in non-articulated laticifers of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Electron microscopy revealed that, plastids, mitochondria and some cyotsol were degraded in the late development laticifers, where there were numerous vesicles originated from dicytosomes. Accordingly, some key proteins in LP and PP were detected in E. helioscopia latex using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Further immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the clathrin heavy chain (CHC) belonging to LP and the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation increases gradually as the laticifer develops. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that the cysteine protease, CHC and AP-2 complex subunit beta-1 belonging to LP were mainly distributed in vesicles deriving from dicytosomes, which we called lysosome-like vesicles. Ubiquitin was widely distributed in the cytosol, and proteasome activity was significantly reduced when various concentrations of the inhibitor MG132 were added to the latex total protein. We hypothesize that LP and PP are distributed in E. helioscopia laticifers; and it was speculated that LP and PP might be involved in the degradation of organelles and some cytoplasmic matrix in E. helioscopia laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jingjing Si
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Bofei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Lanting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
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16
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Chetouhi C, Laabir M, Masseret E, Jean N. In silico prediction of the secretome from the invasive neurotoxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:571-580. [PMID: 31091000 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium catenella, a marine dinoflagellate responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs), proliferates with greater frequency, distribution and intensity, in disturbed marine coastal ecosystems. The proteins secreted into seawater may play a crucial role in maintaining this dinoflagellate in these ecosystems, but this possibility has never been investigated before. In this study, the A. catenella secretome was predicted from its transcriptome by combining several bioinformatics tools. Our results predict a secretome of 2 779 proteins, among which 79% contain less than 500 amino acids, suggesting that most secreted proteins are short in length. The predicted secretome includes 963 proteins (35%) with Pfam domains: 773 proteins with one Pfam domain and 190 proteins with two or more Pfam domains. Their functional annotation showed that they are mainly involved in (i) proteolysis, (ii) stress responses and (iii) primary metabolism. In addition, 47% of the secreted proteins appear to be enzymes, primarily peptidases, known to be biologically active in the extracellular medium during stress responses. Finally, this study provides a wealth of candidates of proteins secreted by A. catenella, which may interact with the marine environment and help this dinoflagellate develop in various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherif Chetouhi
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - Mohammed Laabir
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Masseret
- Marbec, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Natacha Jean
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Equipe Microbiologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, UM 110 CNRS/IRD Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83 041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
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17
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Testillano PS. Microspore embryogenesis: targeting the determinant factors of stress-induced cell reprogramming for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2965-2978. [PMID: 30753698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Under stress, isolated microspores are reprogrammed in vitro towards embryogenesis, producing doubled haploid plants that are useful biotechnological tools in plant breeding as a source of new genetic variability, fixed in homozygous plants in only one generation. Stress-induced cell death and low rates of cell reprogramming are major factors that reduce yield. Knowledge gained in recent years has revealed that initiation and progression of microspore embryogenesis involve a complex network of factors, whose roles are not yet well understood. Here, I review recent findings on the determinant factors underlying stress-induced microspore embryogenesis, focusing on the role of autophagy, cell death, auxin, chromatin modifications, and the cell wall. Autophagy and cell death proteases are crucial players in the response to stress, while cell reprogramming and acquisition of totipotency are regulated by hormonal and epigenetic mechanisms. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and action are required for microspore embryogenesis. Initial stages involve DNA hypomethylation, H3K9 demethylation, and H3/H4 acetylation. Cell wall remodelling, with pectin de-methylesterification and arabinogalactan protein expression, is necessary for embryo development. Recent reports show that treatments with small modulators of autophagy, proteases, and epigenetic marks reduce cell death and enhance embryogenesis initiation in several crops, opening up new possibilities for improving in vitro embryo production in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ramos MV, Demarco D, da Costa Souza IC, de Freitas CDT. Laticifers, Latex, and Their Role in Plant Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:553-567. [PMID: 30979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Latex, a sap produced by cells called laticifers, occurs in plants of wide taxonomic diversity. Plants exude latex sap in response to physical damage. Questions about the function of latex or the underlying mechanisms persist, but a role in defense is likely. The presence of constitutive peptidases in latex sap in addition to inducible and de novo synthesized pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), raises the question about the role that each sap component plays to protect plants and how synergism occurs among sap proteins in the course of herbivory or infection. Here we discuss a variety of functions for laticifer and latex in plant defense. We propose that latex peptidases build the front line of defense against herbivores or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Viana Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
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19
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Clemente M, Corigliano MG, Pariani SA, Sánchez-López EF, Sander VA, Ramos-Duarte VA. Plant Serine Protease Inhibitors: Biotechnology Application in Agriculture and Molecular Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1345. [PMID: 30884891 PMCID: PMC6471620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) are widely distributed in living organisms like bacteria, fungi, plants, and humans. The main function of SPIs as protease enzymes is to regulate the proteolytic activity. In plants, most of the studies of SPIs have been focused on their physiological role. The initial studies carried out in plants showed that SPIs participate in the regulation of endogenous proteolytic processes, as the regulation of proteases in seeds. Besides, it was observed that SPIs also participate in the regulation of cell death during plant development and senescence. On the other hand, plant SPIs have an important role in plant defense against pests and phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the last 20 years, several transgenic plants over-expressing SPIs have been produced and tested in order to achieve the increase of the resistance against pathogenic insects. Finally, in molecular farming, SPIs have been employed to minimize the proteolysis of recombinant proteins expressed in plants. The present review discusses the potential biotechnological applications of plant SPIs in the agriculture field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Clemente
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián A Pariani
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Edwin F Sánchez-López
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Valeria A Sander
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
| | - Víctor A Ramos-Duarte
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires B7130, Argentina.
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20
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Martinez M, Gómez-Cabellos S, Giménez MJ, Barro F, Diaz I, Diaz-Mendoza M. Plant Proteases: From Key Enzymes in Germination to Allies for Fighting Human Gluten-Related Disorders. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31191594 PMCID: PMC6548828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteases play a crucial role in many different biological processes along the plant life cycle. One of the most determinant stages in which proteases are key protagonists is the plant germination through the hydrolysis and mobilization of other proteins accumulated in seeds and cereal grains. The most represented proteases in charge of this are the cysteine proteases group, including the C1A family known as papain-like and the C13 family also called legumains. In cereal species such as wheat, oat or rye, gluten is a very complex mixture of grain storage proteins, which may affect the health of sensitive consumers like celiac patients. Since gluten proteins are suitable targets for plant proteases, the knowledge of the proteases involved in storage protein mobilization could be employed to manipulate the amount of gluten in the grain. Some proteases have been previously found to exhibit promising properties for their application in the degradation of known toxic peptides from gluten. To explore the variability in gluten-degrading capacities, we have now analyzed the degradation of gluten from different wheat cultivars using several cysteine proteases from barley. The wide variability showed highlights the possibility to select the protease with the highest potential to alter grain composition reducing the gluten content. Consequently, new avenues could be explored combining genetic manipulation of proteolytic processes with silencing techniques to be used as biotechnological tools against gluten-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Cabellos
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Giménez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Barro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza,
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21
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Schulze Hüynck J, Kaschani F, van der Linde K, Ziemann S, Müller AN, Colby T, Kaiser M, Misas Villamil JC, Doehlemann G. Proteases Underground: Analysis of the Maize Root Apoplast Identifies Organ Specific Papain-Like Cysteine Protease Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:473. [PMID: 31114592 PMCID: PMC6503450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteases are key regulators of plant cell processes such as seed development, immune responses, senescence and programmed cell death (PCD). Apoplastic papain-like cysteine proteases (PL) are hubs in plant-microbe interactions and play an important role during abiotic stresses. The apoplast is a crucial interface for the interaction between plant and microbes. So far, apoplastic maize PL and their function have been mostly described for aerial parts. In this study, we focused on apoplastic PLCPs in the roots of maize plants. We have analyzed the phylogeny of maize PLCPs and investigated their protein abundance after salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) we have identified a novel root-specific PLCP belonging to the RD21-like subfamily, as well as three SA activated PLCPs. The root specific PLCP CP1C shares sequence and structural similarities to known CP1-like proteases. Biochemical analysis of recombinant CP1C revealed different substrate specificities and inhibitor affinities compared to the related proteases. This study characterized a root-specific PLCP and identifies differences between the SA-dependent activation of PLCPs in roots and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulze Hüynck
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Ziemann
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André N. Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Colby
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Institute of Chemical Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johana C. Misas Villamil
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johana C. Misas Villamil, Gunther Doehlemann,
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johana C. Misas Villamil, Gunther Doehlemann,
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22
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Filippova A, Lyapina I, Kirov I, Zgoda V, Belogurov A, Kudriaeva A, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Salicylic acid influences the protease activity and posttranslation modifications of the secreted peptides in the moss Physcomitrella patens. J Pept Sci 2018; 25:e3138. [PMID: 30575224 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant secretome comprises dozens of secreted proteins. However, little is known about the composition of the whole secreted peptide pools and the proteases responsible for the generation of the peptide pools. The majority of studies focus on target detection and characterization of specific plant peptide hormones. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole extracellular peptidome, using moss Physcomitrella patens as a model. Hundreds of modified and unmodified endogenous peptides that originated from functional and nonfunctional protein precursors were identified. The plant proteases responsible for shaping the pool of endogenous peptides were predicted. Salicylic acid (SA) influenced peptide production in the secretome. The proteasome activity was altered upon SA treatment, thereby influencing the composition of the peptide pools. These results shed more light on the role of proteases and posttranslational modification in the "active management" of the extracellular peptide pool in response to stress conditions. It also identifies a list of potential peptide hormones in the moss secretome for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filippova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Lyapina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Kirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Zgoda
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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23
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Abdel-Aty AM, Hamed MB, Gad AAM, El-Hakim AE, Mohamed SA. Ficus sycomorus latex: An efficient alternative Egyptian source for horseradish peroxidase in labeling with antibodies for immunodiagnostic kits. Vet World 2018; 11:1364-1370. [PMID: 30532487 PMCID: PMC6247892 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1364-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In view of various peroxidase applications, the searching for new sources of unique peroxidase properties is highly desirable. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the peroxidase of locally grown sycamore latex (POL) for conjugation with antibodies and to study the conjugate optimal conditions, storage stability, and affinity toward different substrates as compared with commercial horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Materials and Methods: Anti-mouse antibodies were prepared in rabbits and purified by protein A sepharose affinity column chromatography. The POL and HRP conjugates were prepared by one-step glutaraldehyde coupling method. The reactivity of the prepared conjugates was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optimal enzymatic conditions, storage stability, and affinity toward substrates were also determined for both the conjugates. Results: The POL showed higher percent recovery (98%) than HRP (78%) over the initial activity after conjugation process. The POL and HRP conjugates showed ELISA titers of 1:120 and 1:80, respectively, demonstrating high binding affinity of POL-conjugate. The POL-conjugate showed high thermal stability up to 70°C compared with HRP-conjugate up to 40°C. After conjugation, POL had wide pH stability (5.0-8.0) compared with HPR (4.5-6.0). Both of the prepared conjugates had a high affinity toward the substrates used in immunoassays with lower Km values. The POL-conjugate showed high storage stability for its enzymatic activity and ELISA titer compared with HRP-conjugate after 1 year at −20°C. Conclusion: The POL of Ficus sycomorus latex is an efficient source for labeling antibodies and could be utilized in immunodiagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abdul Aziz M Gad
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr E El-Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Errasti ME, Natalucci CL, Caffini NO, Rotelli AE, Brullo A, Maras B, Trejo SA, López LMI. Structural Properties of Macrodontain I, a Cysteine Protease from Pseudananas macrodontes (Morr.) Harms (Bromeliaceae). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu J, Sharma A, Niewiara MJ, Singh R, Ming R, Yu Q. Papain-like cysteine proteases in Carica papaya: lineage-specific gene duplication and expansion. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:26. [PMID: 29306330 PMCID: PMC5756445 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs), a large group of cysteine proteases structurally related to papain, play important roles in plant development, senescence, and defense responses. Papain, the first cysteine protease whose structure was determined by X-ray crystallography, plays a crucial role in protecting papaya from herbivorous insects. Except the four major PLCPs purified and characterized in papaya latex, the rest of the PLCPs in papaya genome are largely unknown. Results We identified 33 PLCP genes in papaya genome. Phylogenetic analysis clearly separated plant PLCP genes into nine subfamilies. PLCP genes are not equally distributed among the nine subfamilies and the number of PLCPs in each subfamily does not increase or decrease proportionally among the seven selected plant species. Papaya showed clear lineage-specific gene expansion in the subfamily III. Interestingly, all four major PLCPs purified from papaya latex, including papain, chymopapain, glycyl endopeptidase and caricain, were grouped into the lineage-specific expansion branch in the subfamily III. Mapping PLCP genes on chromosomes of five plant species revealed that lineage-specific expansions of PLCP genes were mostly derived from tandem duplications. We estimated divergence time of papaya PLCP genes of subfamily III. The major duplication events leading to lineage-specific expansion of papaya PLCP genes in subfamily III were estimated at 48 MYA, 34 MYA, and 16 MYA. The gene expression patterns of the papaya PLCP genes in different tissues were assessed by transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR. Most of the papaya PLCP genes of subfamily III expressed at high levels in leaf and green fruit tissues. Conclusions Tandem duplications played the dominant role in affecting copy number of PLCPs in plants. Significant variations in size of the PLCP subfamilies among species may reflect genetic adaptation of plant species to different environments. The lineage-specific expansion of papaya PLCPs of subfamily III might have been promoted by the continuous reciprocal selective effects of herbivore attack and plant defense. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4394-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology; Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Anupma Sharma
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Marie Jamille Niewiara
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ratnesh Singh
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology; Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Department of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Qingyi Yu
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology; Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps, Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Ha JH, Jang HA, Moon KB, Baek KH, Choi GJ, Choi D, Cho HS, Kwon SY, Jeon JH, Oh SK, Kim HS. Nicotiana benthamiana Matrix Metalloprotease 1 (NMMP1) gene confers disease resistance to Phytophthora infestans in tobacco and potato plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:189-195. [PMID: 28888160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously isolated Nicotiana benthamiana matrix metalloprotease 1 (NMMP1) from tobacco leaves. The NMMP1 gene encodes a highly conserved, Zn-containing catalytic protease domain that functions as a factor in the plant's defense against bacterial pathogens. Expression of NMMP1 was strongly induced during interactions between tobacco and one of its pathogens, Phytophthora infestans. To elucidate the role of the NMMP1 in defense of N. benthamiana against fungal pathogens, we performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. NMMP1-overexpressing plants had stronger resistance responses against P. infestans infections than control plants, while silencing of NMMP1 resulted in greater susceptibility of the plants to the pathogen. This greater susceptibility correlated with fewer NMMP1 transcripts than the non-silenced control. We also examined cell death as a measure of disease. The amount of cell death induced by the necrosis-inducing P. infestans protein 1, PiNPP1, was dependent on NMMP1 in N. benthamiana. Potato plants overexpressing NMMP1 also had enhanced disease resistance against P. infestans. RT-PCR analysis of these transgenic potato plants revealed constitutive up-regulation of the potato defense gene NbPR5. NMMP1-overexpressing potato plants were taller and produced heavier tubers than control plants. We suggest a role for NMMP1in pathogen defense and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Jang
- Department of Applied Biology CALS, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Yun Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Biology CALS, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, KRIBB, Yusung, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Levin E, Ballester AR, Raphael G, Feigenberg O, Liu Y, Norelli J, Gonzalez-Candelas L, Ma J, Dardick C, Wisniewski M, Droby S. Identification and characterization of LysM effectors in Penicillium expansum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186023. [PMID: 29084256 PMCID: PMC5662087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
P. expansum is regarded as one of the most important postharvest rots of apple fruit and is also of great concern to fruit processing industries. Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although, many studies on modification of the host environment by the pathogen were done, its interactions with fruit during the early stages of infection and the virulence factors that mediate pathogenicity have not been fully defined. Effectors carrying LysM domain have been identified in numerous pathogenic fungi and their role in the first stages of infection has been established. In this study, we identified 18 LysM genes in the P. expansum genome. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that P. expansum LysM proteins belong to a clade of fungal-specific LysM. Eleven of the discovered LysM genes were found to have secretory pathway signal peptide, among them, 4 (PeLysM1 PeLysM2, PeLysM3 and PeLysM4) were found to be highly expressed during the infection and development of decay of apple fruit. Effect of targeted deletion of the four putative PeLysM effectors on the growth and pathogenicity was studied. Possible interactions of PeLysM with host proteins was investigated using the yeast-two-hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Levin
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ana Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ginat Raphael
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oleg Feigenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - John Norelli
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Luis Gonzalez-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustin Escardino, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jing Ma
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Christopher Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Cheng W, Xiao Z, Cai H, Wang C, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Shen L, Yang S, Liu Z, Mou S, Qiu A, Guan D, He S. A novel leucine-rich repeat protein, CaLRR51, acts as a positive regulator in the response of pepper to Ralstonia solanacearum infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1089-1100. [PMID: 27438958 PMCID: PMC6638248 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins play important roles in the recognition of corresponding ligands and signal transduction networks in plant defence responses. Herein, a novel LRR protein from Capsicum annuum, CaLRR51, was identified and characterized. It was localized to the plasma membrane and transcriptionally up-regulated by Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI), as well as the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethephon (ETH). Virus-induced gene silencing of CaLRR51 significantly increased the susceptibility of pepper to RSI. By contrast, transient overexpression of CaLRR51 in pepper plants activated hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, and up-regulated the defence-related marker genes, including PO2, HIR1, PR1, DEF1 and ACO1. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of CaLRR51 in transgenic tobacco plants significantly enhanced the resistance to RSI. Transcriptional expression of the corresponding defence-related marker genes in transgenic tobacco plants was also found to be enhanced by the overexpression of CaLRR51, which was potentiated by RSI. These loss- and gain-of-function assays suggest that CaLRR51 acts as a positive regulator in the response of pepper to RSI. In addition, the putative signal peptide and transmembrane region were found to be required for plasma membrane targeting of CaLRR51, which is indispensable for the role of CaLRR51 in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Zhuoli Xiao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Yang Hu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Yueping Xiao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Yuxing Zheng
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
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Mazorra-Manzano MA, Ramírez-Suarez JC, Yada RY. Plant proteases for bioactive peptides release: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2147-2163. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Mazorra-Manzano
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Lácteos, Química y Autenticidad de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - J. C. Ramírez-Suarez
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - R. Y. Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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30
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Zdunek-Zastocka E, Grabowska A, Branicki T, Michniewska B. Biochemical characterization of the triticale TsPAP1, a new type of plant prolyl aminopeptidase, and its impact on proline content and flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 116:18-26. [PMID: 28482331 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proline aminopeptidase (PAP, EC 3.4.11.5) is the only enzyme that effectively releases proline from the N-termini of peptides. The amino acid sequence of the PAP from Triticosecale, TsPAP1, comprises conserved regions, characteristic of the monomeric forms of PAP found in bacteria but not yet identified in plants. Therefore, we aimed to obtain and biochemically characterize the TsPAP1 protein. The recombinant TsPAP1 protein was received through heterologous expression of the TsPAP1 coding sequence in a bacterial expression system and purified with affinity chromatography. Gel filtration chromatography and SDS electrophoresis revealed that TsPAP1 is a monomer with a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa. TsPAP1 prefers substrates with proline at the N-terminus but is also capable of hydrolyzing β-naphthylamides of hydroxyproline and alanine. Among the peptides tested, the most preferred were di- and tripeptides, especially those with glycine in the Y position. The use of diagnostic inhibitors indicated that TsPAP1 is a serine peptidase; however, further characterization revealed that the SH residues are also important for maintaining its activity. To examine the role of TsPAP1 under physiological conditions, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TsPAP1. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic lines accumulated more proline, flowered an average of 3.5 days earlier, and developed more siliques than did untransformed controls. Our paper is the first to describe the biochemical properties of a novel monomeric plant PAP and contributes to the functional characterization of PAP proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Branicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Michniewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Matagne A, Bolle L, El Mahyaoui R, Baeyens-Volant D, Azarkan M. The proteolytic system of pineapple stems revisited: Purification and characterization of multiple catalytically active forms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 138:29-51. [PMID: 28238440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude pineapple proteases extract (aka stem bromelain; EC 3.4.22.4) is an important proteolytic mixture that contains enzymes belonging to the cysteine proteases of the papain family. Numerous studies have been reported aiming at the fractionation and characterization of the many molecular species present in the extract, but more efforts are still required to obtain sufficient quantities of the various purified protease forms for detailed physicochemical, enzymatic and structural characterization. In this work, we describe an efficient strategy towards the purification of at least eight enzymatic forms. Thus, following rapid fractionation on a SP-Sepharose FF column, two sub-populations with proteolytic activity were obtained: the unbound (termed acidic) and bound (termed basic) bromelain fractions. Following reversible modification with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG), both fractions were further separated on Q-Sepharose FF and SP-Sepharose FF, respectively. This procedure yielded highly purified molecular species, all titrating ca. 1 mol of thiol group per mole of enzyme, with distinct biochemical properties. N-terminal sequencing allowed identifying at least eight forms with proteolytic activity. The basic fraction contained previously identified species, i.e. basic bromelain forms 1 and 2, ananain forms 1 and 2, and comosain (MEROPS identifier: C01.027). Furthermore, a new proteolytic species, showing similarities with basic bomelain forms 1 and 2, was discovered and termed bromelain form 3. The two remaining species were found in the acidic bromelain fraction and were arbitrarily named acidic bromelain forms 1 and 2. Both, acidic bromelain forms 1, 2 and basic bromelain forms 1, 2 and 3 are glycosylated, while ananain forms 1 and 2, and comosain are not. The eight protease forms display different amidase activities against the various substrates tested, namely small synthetic chromogenic compounds (DL-BAPNA and Boc-Ala-Ala-Gly-pNA), fluorogenic compounds (like Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC, Z-Arg-Arg-AMC and Z-Phe-Arg-AMC), and proteins (azocasein and azoalbumin), suggesting a specific organization of their catalytic residues. All forms are completely inhibited by specific cysteine and cysteine/serine protease inhibitors, but not by specific serine and aspartic protease inhibitors, with the sole exception of pepstatin A that significantly affects acidic bromelain forms 1 and 2. For all eight protease forms, inhibition is also observed with 1,10-phenanthrolin, a metalloprotease inhibitor. Metal ions (i.e. Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) showed various effects depending on the protease under consideration, but all of them are totally inhibited in the presence of Zn2+. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that all forms have a molecular mass of ca. 24 kDa, which is characteristic of enzymes belonging to the papain-like proteases family. Far-UV CD spectra analysis further supported this analysis. Interestingly, secondary structure calculation proves to be highly reproducible for all cysteine proteases of the papain family tested so far (this work; see also Azarkan et al., 2011; Baeyens-Volant et al., 2015) and thus can be used as a test for rapid identification of the classical papain fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Matagne
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Repliement des Protéines, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Bolle
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachida El Mahyaoui
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Baeyens-Volant
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Azarkan
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Wanderley LF, Batista KLR, Carvalho JFD, Lima ADS, Landulfo GA, Soares AMDS, Costa Junior LM. The first assessment of the stress inducible defense of Leucaena leucocephala with acaricidal potential effect against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2017; 26:171-176. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Plants respond to wounding caused by mechanical stress or herbivory by synthesizing defense proteins. There are no studies reporting the action of induced plant proteins against ticks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanically wounded Leucaena leucocephala leaves against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Initially, we carried out time course experiments to evaluate the impact of mechanical wounding on the protein content and the peroxidase, catalase and protease inhibitor activities in L. leucocephala. We then evaluated the acaricidal activity on R. (B.) microplus from protein extract collected from L. leucocephala after mechanical wounding. L. leucocephala leaves were artificially wounded, and after 6, 12, 24 and 48h, the leaves were collected for protein extraction. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the proteins were performed. The protein content and peroxidase and protease activities increased 12h after wounding, and the acaricidal activity of this protein extract was evaluated using engorged R. (B.) microplus females. The protein extract obtained after wounding reduced egg production (8.5%) compared to those without wounding. Furthermore, the extract reduced egg hatching by 47.7% and showed an overall efficacy of 56.3% at 0.1 mgP/mL of the protein. We demonstrated that L. leucocephala defensive proteins could be effective against R. (B.) microplus.
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Valueva TA, Zaichik BT, Kudryavtseva NN. Role of proteolytic enzymes in the interaction of phytopathogenic microorganisms with plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1709-1718. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jwa NS, Hwang BK. Convergent Evolution of Pathogen Effectors toward Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Networks in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1687. [PMID: 29033963 PMCID: PMC5627460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved protein effectors to promote virulence and cause disease in host plants. Pathogen effectors delivered into plant cells suppress plant immune responses and modulate host metabolism to support the infection processes of pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as cellular signaling molecules to trigger plant immune responses, such as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the molecular functions of pathogen effectors that target multiple steps in the ROS signaling pathway in plants. The perception of PAMPs by pattern recognition receptors leads to the rapid and strong production of ROS through activation of NADPH oxidase Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologs (RBOHs) as well as peroxidases. Specific pathogen effectors directly or indirectly interact with plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors to induce ROS production and the hypersensitive response in plant cells. By contrast, virulent pathogens possess effectors capable of suppressing plant ROS bursts in different ways during infection. PAMP-triggered ROS bursts are suppressed by pathogen effectors that target mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. Moreover, pathogen effectors target vesicle trafficking or metabolic priming, leading to the suppression of ROS production. Secreted pathogen effectors block the metabolic coenzyme NADP-malic enzyme, inhibiting the transfer of electrons to the NADPH oxidases (RBOHs) responsible for ROS generation. Collectively, pathogen effectors may have evolved to converge on a common host protein network to suppress the common plant immune system, including the ROS burst and cell death response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Soo Jwa
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Nam-Soo Jwa,
| | - Byung Kook Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Diaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, Santamaria ME, Diaz I, Martinez M. HvPap-1 C1A Protease Participates Differentially in the Barley Response to a Pathogen and an Herbivore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1585. [PMID: 28955371 PMCID: PMC5601043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Co-evolutionary processes in plant-pathogen/herbivore systems indicate that protease inhibitors have a particular value in biotic interactions. However, little is known about the defensive role of their targets, the plant proteases. C1A cysteine proteases are the most abundant enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity during different processes like germination, development and senescence in plants. To identify and characterize C1A cysteine proteases of barley with a potential role in defense, mRNA and protein expression patterns were analyzed in response to biotics stresses. A barley cysteine protease, HvPap-1, previously related to abiotic stresses and grain germination, was particularly induced by flagellin or chitosan elicitation, and biotic stresses such as the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae or the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae. To elucidate the in vivo participation of this enzyme in defense, transformed barley plants overexpressing or silencing HvPap-1 encoding gene were subjected to M. oryzae infection or T. urticae infestation. Whereas overexpressing plants were less susceptible to the fungus than silencing plants, the opposite behavior occurred to the mite. This unexpected result highlights the complexity of the regulatory events leading to the response to a particular biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Martinez,
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Cardoso JMS, Anjo SI, Fonseca L, Egas C, Manadas B, Abrantes I. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus secretomes: a comparative proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39007. [PMID: 27941947 PMCID: PMC5150578 DOI: 10.1038/srep39007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, recognized as a worldwide major forest pest, is a migratory endoparasitic nematode with capacity to feed on pine tissues and also on fungi colonizing the trees. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, the closest related species, differs from B. xylophilus on its pathogenicity, making this nematode a good candidate for comparative analyses. Secretome profiles of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus were obtained and proteomic differences were evaluated by quantitative SWATH-MS. From the 681 proteins initially identified, 422 were quantified and compared between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus secretomes and from these, 243 proteins were found differentially regulated: 158 and 85 proteins were increased in B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus secretomes, respectively. While increased proteins in B. xylophilus secretome revealed a strong enrichment in proteins with peptidase activity, the increased proteins in B. mucronatus secretome were mainly related to oxidative stress responses. The changes in peptidases were evaluated at the transcription level by RT-qPCR, revealing a correlation between the mRNA levels of four cysteine peptidases with secretion levels. The analysis presented expands our knowledge about molecular basis of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus hosts interaction and supports the hypothesis of a key role of secreted peptidases in B. xylophilus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. S. Cardoso
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Fonseca
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Abrantes
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Labudda M, Różańska E, Szewińska J, Sobczak M, Dzik JM. Protease activity and phytocystatin expression in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Heterodera schachtii infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:416-429. [PMID: 27816823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The activity of plant proteases is important for amino acids recycling, removal of damaged proteins as well as defence responses. The second-stage juvenile of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii penetrates host roots and induces the feeding site called a syncytium. To determine whether infection by H. schachtii affects proteolysis, the protease activity was studied in Arabidopsis roots and shoots at the day of inoculation and 3, 7 and 15 days post inoculation (dpi). Nematode infection caused a decrease of protease activities in infected roots over the entire examination period at all studied pH values. In contrast, the activities of the low molecular mass as well as Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases were found to be stimulated. In shoots of infected plants, the protease activity was diminished only at 15 dpi at all tested pH values. It was accompanied by changes in total soluble protein content, a higher protein carbonylation and a total polyphenol content. To go deeper into proteolysis regulation, the expression of phytocystatin genes, endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteases, was examined in syncytia, roots and shoots. Expression of AtCYS1, AtCYS5 and AtCYS6 genes was enhanced upon cyst nematode infection. Our results suggest that changes in protease activities in roots and shoots and altered cystatin expression patterns in syncytia, roots and shoots are important for protein metabolism during cyst nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szewińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Maria Dzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Shukla A, Gundampati RK, Jagannadham MV. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of a peroxidase isolated from Euphorbia tirucalli with antifungal activity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1238463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Shukla
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India and
| | - Ravi Kumar Gundampati
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India and
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Medicherla V. Jagannadham
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India and
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Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz J, Ramón-Sierra J, Arias-Argaez C, Magaña-Ortiz D, Ortiz-Vázquez E. Antibacterial activity of proteins extracted from the pulp of wild edible fruit of Bromelia pinguin L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1154572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jesús Ramón-Sierra
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Carolina Arias-Argaez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Denis Magaña-Ortiz
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Vázquez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Medeiros AH, Mingossi FB, Dias RO, Franco FP, Vicentini R, Mello MO, Moura DS, Silva-Filho MC. Sugarcane Serine Peptidase Inhibitors, Serine Peptidases, and Clp Protease System Subunits Associated with Sugarcane Borer (Diatraea saccharalis) Herbivory and Wounding. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1444. [PMID: 27598134 PMCID: PMC5037723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane's (Saccharum spp.) response to Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: (Crambidae) herbivory was investigated using a macroarray spotted with 248 sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) encoding serine peptidase inhibitors, serine peptidases. and Clp protease system subunits. Our results showed that after nine hours of herbivory, 13 sugarcane genes were upregulated and nine were downregulated. Among the upregulated genes, nine were similar to serine peptidase inhibitors and four were similar to Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBIs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these sequences belong to a phylogenetic group of sugarcane BBIs that are potentially involved in plant defense against insect predation. The remaining four upregulated genes included serine peptidases and one homolog to the Arabidopsis AAA+ chaperone subunit ClpD, which is a member of the Clp protease system. Among the downregulated genes, five were homologous to serine peptidases and four were homologous to Arabidopsis Clp subunits (three homologous to Clp AAA+ chaperones and one to a ClpP-related ClpR subunit). Although the roles of serine peptidase inhibitors in plant defenses against herbivory have been extensively investigated, the roles of plant serine peptidases and the Clp protease system represent a new and underexplored field of study. The up- and downregulated D. saccharalis genes presented in this study may be candidate genes for the further investigation of the sugarcane response to herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane H Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, 13600-970 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana B Mingossi
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata O Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávia P Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renato Vicentini
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcia O Mello
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Monsanto do Brasil, Campinas, 13069-380 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel S Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13400-918 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcio C Silva-Filho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-260 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ding X, Ye J, Lin S, Wu X, Li D, Nian B. Deciphering the Molecular Variations of Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Different Virulence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156040. [PMID: 27224277 PMCID: PMC4880305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease which has caused huge economic losses in many countries. It has been reported that two forms of pine wood nematodes existed in its native region, i.e., with strong virulence and weak virulence. However, little is known about the molecular differences between the two forms. To better understand their molecular variations, transcriptome and genome sequences of three strongly virulent and one weakly virulent strains were analyzed. We found 238 transcripts and 84 exons which showed notable changes between the two virulent forms. Functional analyses of both differentially expressed transcripts and exons indicated that different virulence strains showed dissimilar nematode growth, reproduction, and oxidoreductase activities. In addition, we also detected a small number of exon-skipping events in B. xylophilus. Meanwhile, 117 SNPs were identified as potential genetic markers in distinguishing the two forms. Four of them were further proved to have undergone allele specific expressions and possibly interrupted the target site of evolutionary conserved B. xylophilus miR-47. These particular SNPs were experimentally verified by including eight additional strains to ensure the validity of our sequencing results. These results could help researchers to better diagnose nematode species with different virulence and facilitate the control of pine wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sixi Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dewei Li
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, Connecticut, 06095, United States of America.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Nian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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TcCYPR04, a Cacao Papain-Like Cysteine-Protease Detected in Senescent and Necrotic Tissues Interacts with a Cystatin TcCYS4. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144440. [PMID: 26641247 PMCID: PMC4671599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction amongst papain-like cysteine-proteases (PLCP) and their substrates and inhibitors, such as cystatins, can be perceived as part of the molecular battlefield in plant-pathogen interaction. In cacao, four cystatins were identified and characterized by our group. We identified 448 proteases in cacao genome, whereof 134 were cysteine-proteases. We expressed in Escherichia coli a PLCP from cacao, named TcCYSPR04. Immunoblottings with anti-TcCYSPR04 exhibited protein increases during leaf development. Additional isoforms of TcCYSPR04 appeared in senescent leaves and cacao tissues infected by Moniliophthora perniciosa during the transition from the biotrophic to the saprophytic phase. TcCYSPR04 was induced in the apoplastic fluid of Catongo and TSH1188 cacao genotypes, susceptible and resistant to M. perniciosa, respectively, but greater intensity and additional isoforms were observed in TSH1188. The fungal protein MpNEP induced PLCP isoform expression in tobacco leaves, according to the cross reaction with anti-TcCYSPR04. Several protein isoforms were detected at 72 hours after treatment with MpNEP. We captured an active PLCP from cacao tissues, using a recombinant cacao cystatin immobilized in CNBr-Sepharose. Mass spectrometry showed that this protein corresponds to TcCYSPR04. A homology modeling was obtained for both proteins. In order to become active, TcCYSPR04 needs to lose its inhibitory domain. Molecular docking showed the physical-chemical complementarities of the interaction between the cacao enzyme and its inhibitor. We propose that TcCYSPR04 and its interactions with cacao cystatins are involved in the senescence and necrosis events related to witches' broom symptoms. This molecular interaction may be the target for future interventions to control witches' broom disease.
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Sytwala S, Domsalla A, Melzig MF. Investigation of plant latices of Asteraceae and Campanulaceae regarding proteolytic activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:117-123. [PMID: 26458257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of plant latices is widespread, there are more than 40 families of plants characterized to establish lactiferous structures. The appearance of hydrolytic active proteins, incorporated in latices is already characterized, and hydrolytic active proteins are considerable, and for several plant families, the occurrence of hydrolytic active proteins is already specified e.g. Apocynaceae Juss., Caricaceae Dumort, Euphorbiaceae Juss., Moraceae Gaudich and Papaveraceae Juss. In our investigation, focused on latex bearing plants of order Asterales, Asteraceae and Campanulaceae in particular. The present outcomes represent a comprehensive study, relating to the occurrence of proteolytic active enzymes of order Asterales for the first time. 131 different species of Asteraceae and Campanulaceae were tested, and the appearance of plant latex proteases were determined in different quantities. Proteolytic activity was investigated by inhibitory studies and determination of residual activity in the following, enable us to characterize the proteases. Most of the considered species exhibit a serine protease activity and a multiplicity of species exhibited two or more subclasses of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sytwala
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Domsalla
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany
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Kumar GNM, Knowles LO, Knowles NR. Zebra chip disease decreases tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) protein content by attenuating protease inhibitor levels and increasing protease activities. PLANTA 2015; 242:1153-1166. [PMID: 26092706 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zebra chip disease of potato decreases protease inhibitor levels resulting in enhanced serine-type protease activity, decreased protein content and altered protein profiles of fully mature tubers. Zebra-chip (ZC), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), is a relatively new disease of potato that negatively affects growth, yield, propagation potential, and fresh and process qualities of tubers. Diseased plants produce tubers with characteristic brown discoloration of vascular tissue accompanied by elevated levels of free amino acids and reducing sugars. Here we demonstrate that ZC disease induces selective protein catabolism in tubers through modulating protease inhibitor levels. Soluble protein content of tubers from CLso-infected plants was 33% lower than from non-infected plants and electrophoretic analyses revealed substantial reductions in major tuber proteins. Patatin (~40 kDa) and ser-, asp- (22 kDa) and cys-type (85 kDa) protease inhibitors were either absent or greatly reduced in ZC-afflicted tubers. In contrast to healthy (non-infected) tubers, the proteolytic activity in CLso infected tubers was high and the ability of extracts from infected tubers to inhibit trypsin (ser-type) and papain (cys-type) proteases greatly attenuated. Moreover, extracts from CLso-infected tubers rapidly catabolized proteins purified from healthy tubers (40 kDa patatin, 22 kDa protease inhibitors, 85 kDa potato multicystatin) when subjected to proteolysis individually. In contrast, crude extracts from non-infected tubers effectively inhibited the proteolytic activity from ZC-afflicted tubers. These results suggest that the altered protein profile of ZC afflicted tubers is largely due to loss of ser- and cys-type protease inhibitors. Further analysis revealed a novel PMSF-sensitive (ser) protease (ca. 80-120 kDa) in CLso infected tubers. PMSF abolished the proteolytic activities responsible for degrading patatin, the 22 kDa protease inhibitor(s) and potato multicystatin by CLso infected tubers. The disease-induced loss of patatin and protease inhibitors therefore appears to be modulated by ser-type protease(s). The selective catabolism of proteins in ZC-afflicted tubers undoubtedly affects downstream aspects of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, which is ultimately reflected by the accumulation of reducing sugars, free amino acids and reduced sprouting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Mohan Kumar
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA.
| | - Lisa O Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA
| | - N Richard Knowles
- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646414, Pullman, WA, 99164-6414, USA.
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46
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Sytwala S, Günther F, Melzig MF. Lysozyme- and chitinase activity in latex bearing plants of genus Euphorbia--A contribution to plant defense mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 95:35-40. [PMID: 26184089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of latices in plants is widespread, there are 40 families of plants characterized to establish lactiferous structures. Latices exhibit a constitutive part of plant defense due to the stickiness. The appearance of proteins incorporated in latices is well characterized, and hydrolytic active proteins are considerable. A lot of plants constitute so-called pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, to overcome stressful conditions. In our investigation we are focused on latex bearing plants of Euphorbiaceae Juss., and investigated the appearance of chitinase- and lysozyme activity in particular. The present outcomes represent a comprehensive study, relating to the occurrence of lysozyme and chitinase activity of genus Euphorbia at the first time. 110 different species of genus Euphorbia L. were tested, and the appearance of chitinase and lysozyme were determined in different quantities. The appearance itself, and the physicochemical properties of latices indicate an efficient interaction for plant defense against pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sytwala
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany
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Robison FM, Heuberger AL, Brick MA, Prenni JE. Proteome Characterization of Leaves in Common Bean. Proteomes 2015; 3:236-248. [PMID: 28248269 PMCID: PMC5217379 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a globally relevant food crop. The bean genome was recently sequenced and annotated allowing for proteomics investigations aimed at characterization of leaf phenotypes important to agriculture. The objective of this study was to utilize a shotgun proteomics approach to characterize the leaf proteome and to identify protein abundance differences between two bean lines with known variation in their physiological resistance to biotic stresses. Overall, 640 proteins were confidently identified. Among these are proteins known to be involved in a variety of molecular functions including oxidoreductase activity, binding peroxidase activity, and hydrolase activity. Twenty nine proteins were found to significantly vary in abundance (p-value < 0.05) between the two bean lines, including proteins associated with biotic stress. To our knowledge, this work represents the first large scale shotgun proteomic analysis of beans and our results lay the groundwork for future studies designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Robison
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Mark A Brick
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Lara-Chavez A, Lowman S, Kim S, Tang Y, Zhang J, Udvardi M, Nowak J, Flinn B, Mei C. Global gene expression profiling of two switchgrass cultivars following inoculation with Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4337-4350. [PMID: 25788737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Improvement and year-to-year stabilization of biomass yields are primary objectives for the development of a low-input switchgrass feedstock production system using microbial endophytes. An earlier investigation of the effect of Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN on switchgrass germplasm demonstrated differential responses between genotypes. PsJN inoculation of cv. Alamo (lowland ecotype) increased the plant root system, shoot length, and biomass yields, whereas it had no beneficial effect on cv. Cave-in-Rock (upland ecotype). To understand the gene networks governing plant growth promotion responses triggered by PsJN, the gene expression profiles were analysed in these two hosts, following seedling inoculation. The Affymetrix platform switchgrass expressed sequence tag (EST) microarray chip representing 122 972 probe sets, developed by the DOE BioEnergy Science Center, was employed to assess transcript abundance at 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 DAI (days after PsJN inoculation). Approximately 20 000 switchgrass probe sets showed significant responses in either cultivar. Switchgrass identifiers were used to map 19 421 genes in MapMan software. There were apparent differences in gene expression profiling between responsive and non-responsive cultivars after PsJN inoculation. Overall, there were 14 984 and 9691 genes affected by PsJN inoculation in Alamo and Cave-in-Rock, respectively. Of these, 394 are annotated as pathogenesis-related genes. In the responsive cv. Alamo, 68 pathogenesis-related genes were affected, compared with only 10 in the non-responsive cv. Cave-in-Rock. At the very early stage at 0.5 DAI, both cultivars exhibited similar recognition and defence responses, such as genes in signalling and proteolysis, after which the defence reaction in the responsive cv. Alamo became weaker while it was sustained in non-responsive cv. Cave-in-Rock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Lara-Chavez
- Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Danville, VA 24540, USA
| | - Scott Lowman
- Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Danville, VA 24540, USA Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA
| | - Seonhwa Kim
- Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Danville, VA 24540, USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Plant Biology Division, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jiyi Zhang
- Plant Biology Division, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Ardmore, OK 73401, USA BioEnergy Science Center, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jerzy Nowak
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA
| | - Barry Flinn
- Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Danville, VA 24540, USA Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA
| | - Chuansheng Mei
- Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Danville, VA 24540, USA Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24601, USA
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Smith SJ, Kroon JTM, Simon WJ, Slabas AR, Chivasa S. A Novel Function for Arabidopsis CYCLASE1 in Programmed Cell Death Revealed by Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1556-68. [PMID: 25862728 PMCID: PMC4458720 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is essential for plant development and stress adaptation. A detailed understanding of the signal transduction pathways that regulate plant programmed cell death requires identification of the underpinning protein networks. Here, we have used a protagonist and antagonist of programmed cell death triggered by fumonisin B1 as probes to identify key cell death regulatory proteins in Arabidopsis. Our hypothesis was that changes in the abundance of cell death-regulatory proteins induced by the protagonist should be blocked or attenuated by concurrent treatment with the antagonist. We focused on proteins present in the mobile phase of the extracellular matrix on the basis that they are important for cell-cell communications during growth and stress-adaptive responses. Salicylic acid, a plant hormone that promotes programmed cell death, and exogenous ATP, which can block fumonisin B1-induced cell death, were used to treat Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures prior to isobaric-tagged relative and absolute quantitation analysis of secreted proteins. A total of 33 proteins, whose response to salicylic acid was suppressed by ATP, were identified as putative cell death-regulatory proteins. Among these was CYCLASE1, which was selected for further analysis using reverse genetics. Plants in which CYCLASE1 gene expression was knocked out by insertion of a transfer-DNA sequence manifested dramatically increased cell death when exposed to fumonisin B1 or a bacterial pathogen that triggers the defensive hypersensitive cell death. Although pathogen inoculation altered CYCLASE1 gene expression, multiplication of bacterial pathogens was indistinguishable between wild type and CYCLASE1 knockout plants. However, remarkably severe chlorosis symptoms developed on gene knockout plants in response to inoculation with either a virulent bacterial pathogen or a disabled mutant that is incapable of causing disease in wild type plants. These results show that CYCLASE1, which had no known function hitherto, is a negative regulator of cell death and regulates pathogen-induced symptom development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Smith
- From the ‡School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Johan T M Kroon
- From the ‡School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - William J Simon
- From the ‡School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni R Slabas
- From the ‡School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Chivasa
- From the ‡School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Freitas ACO, Souza CF, Monzani PS, Garcia W, de Almeida AAF, Costa MGC, Pirovani CP. The activity of TcCYS4 modified by variations in pH and temperature can affect symptoms of witches' broom disease of cocoa, caused by the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121519. [PMID: 25830226 PMCID: PMC4382335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytocystatins regulate various physiological processes in plants, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, mainly because they act as inhibitors of cysteine proteases. In this study, we have analyzed four cystatins from Theobroma cacao L. previously identified in ESTs libraries of the interaction with the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa and named TcCYS1, TcCYS2, TcCYS3 and TcCYS4. The recombinant cystatins were purified and subjected to the heat treatment, at different temperatures, and their thermostabilities were monitored using their ability to inhibit papain protease. TcCYS1 was sensitive to temperatures above 50°C, while TcCYS2, TcCYS3, and TcCYS4 were thermostable. TcCYS4 presented a decrease of inhibitory activity when it was treated at temperatures between 60 and 70°C, with the greater decrease occurring at 65°C. Analyses by native gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography showed that TcCYS4 forms oligomers at temperatures between 60 and 70°C, condition where reduction of inhibitory activity was observed. TcCYS4 oligomers remain stable for up to 20 days after heat treatment and are undone after treatment at 80°C. TcCYS4 presented approximately 90% of inhibitory activity at pH values between 5 and 9. This protein treated at temperatures above 45°C and pH 5 presented reduced inhibitory activity against papain, suggesting that the pH 5 enhances the formation of TcCYS4 oligomers. A variation in the titratable acidity was observed in tissues of T. cacao during the symptoms of witches’ broom disease. Our findings suggest that the oligomerization of TcCYS4, favored by variations in pH, is an endergonic process. We speculate that this process can be involved in the development of the symptoms of witches’ broom disease in cocoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Ferreira Souza
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Monzani
- Centro de Biologia e Ciêncais da Saúde, Universidade do Norte do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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