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Chen D, Xu X, Yang Y, Meng H, Xu M, Dong L, Ma G, Zhang X. Discovery of Cadinane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Infected Stems of Hibiscus tiliaceus as Potential Agrochemical Fungicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4089-4099. [PMID: 38353561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ten new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids, named hibisceusins I-R (1-10), along with 14 known sesquiterpenoids (11-24), were acquired from the tainted stems of Hibiscus tiliaceus. Their structures were identified via spectroscopic analysis, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and computer-assisted structure elucidation techniques, including infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data. Additionally, subsequent DP4/DP4+ probability methods were used to resolve 3's relative configurations by comparing their experimental values to the predicted NMR data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 were measured through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The ability of all isolates to inhibit the growth of five phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizopus stolonifer, Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Thanatephorus cucumeris, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., and F. oxysporum HK-27) was evaluated. Aldehydated sesquiterpenoids (1, 6-9, 11, 12, and 22) and a known sesquiterpenoid quinine (18) exhibited significant inhibitory activities against V. dahliae, T. cucumeris, F. oxysporum, and F. oxysporum HK-27 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5-50 μg/mL, but all isolates remained inactive against R. stolonifer. Moreover, the effects of the isolates on the mycelial morphology were watched through scanning electron microscopy. This study revealed that aldehydated cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids could be used as novel antifungal molecules to develop agrochemical fungicides in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Kliebenstein DJ. Is specialized metabolite regulation specialized? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4942-4948. [PMID: 37260397 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical and theoretical advances have generated an explosion in the identification of specialized metabolite pathways. In comparison, our understanding of how these pathways are regulated is relatively lagging. This and the relatively young age of specialized metabolite pathways has partly contributed to a default and common paradigm whereby specialized metabolite regulation is theorized as relatively simple with a few key transcription factors and the compounds are non-regulatory end-products. In contrast, studies into model specialized metabolites, such as glucosinolates, are beginning to identify a new understanding whereby specialized metabolites are highly integrated into the plants' core metabolic, physiological, and developmental pathways. This model includes a greatly extended compendium of transcription factors controlling the pathway, key transcription factors that co-evolve with the pathway and simultaneously control core metabolic and developmental components, and finally the compounds themselves evolve regulatory connections to integrate into the plants signaling machinery. In this review, these concepts are illustrated using studies in the glucosinolate pathway within the Brassicales. This suggests that the broader community needs to reconsider how they do or do not integrate specialized metabolism into the regulatory network of their study species.
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Azimzadeh Z, Hassani A, Mandoulakani BA, Sepehr E, Morshedloo MR. Intraspecific divergence in essential oil content, composition and genes expression patterns of monoterpene synthesis in Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare and subsp. gracile under salinity stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:380. [PMID: 37550621 PMCID: PMC10405414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), one of the important medicinal plants in the world, has valuable pharmacological compounds with antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiurolithic, antiproliferative and neuroprotective activities. Phenolic monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol with many medical importance are found in Oregano essential oil. The biosynthesis of these compounds is carried out through the methyl erythritol-4 phosphate (MEP) pathway. Environmental stresses such as salinity might improve the secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The influence of salinity stress (0 (control), 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) on the essential oil content, composition and expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), γ-terpinene synthase (Ovtps2) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP71D180) genes involved in thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis, was investigated in two oregano subspecies (vulgare and gracile). RESULTS Essential oil content was increased at low NaCl concentration (25 mM) compared with non-stress conditions, whereas it was decreased as salinity stress intensified (50 and 100 mM). Essential oil content was significantly higher in subsp. gracile than subsp. vulgare. The highest (0.20 mL pot-1) and lowest (0.06 mL pot-1) amount of essential oil yield was obtained in subsp. gracile at 25 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively. The content of carvacrol, as the main component of essential oil, decreased with increasing salinity level in subsp. gracile, but increased in subsp. vulgare. The highest expression of DXR, Ovtps2 and CYP71D180 genes was observed at 50 mM NaCl in subsp. vulgare. While, in subsp. gracile, the expression of the mentioned genes decreased with increasing salinity levels. A positive correlation was obtained between the expression of DXR, Ovtps2 and CYP71D180 genes with carvacrol content in both subspecies. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between the expression of CYP71D180 and carvacrol content in subsp. gracile. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study demonstrated that both oregano subspecies can tolerate NaCl salinity up to 50 mM without significant reduction in essential oil yield. Also, moderate salinity stress (50 mM NaCl) in subsp. vulgare might increase the carvacrol content partly via increment the expression levels of DXR, Ovtps2 and CYP71D180 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azimzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Hassani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Ebrahim Sepehr
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Shams S, Ismaili A, Firouzabadi FN, Mumivand H, Sorkheh K. Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify putative genes involved in carvacrol biosynthesis pathway in two species of Satureja, endemic medicinal herbs of Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281351. [PMID: 37418504 PMCID: PMC10328369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Satureja is rich in phenolic monoterpenoids, mainly carvacrol, that is of interest due to diverse biological activities including antifungal and antibacterial. However, limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying carvacrol biosynthesis and its regulation for this wonderful medicinal herb. To identify the putative genes involved in carvacrol and other monoterpene biosynthesis pathway, we generated a reference transcriptome in two endemic Satureja species of Iran, containing different yields (Satureja khuzistanica and Satureja rechingeri). Cross-species differential expression analysis was conducted between two species of Satureja. 210 and 186 transcripts related to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were identified for S. khuzistanica and S. rechingeri, respectively. 29 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways. Expression patterns of S. khuzistanica and S. rechingeri transcripts involved in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway were evaluated. In addition, we identified 19 differentially expressed transcription factors (such as MYC4, bHLH, and ARF18) that may control terpenoid biosynthesis. We confirmed the altered expression levels of DEGs that encode carvacrol biosynthetic enzymes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study is the first report on de novo assembly and transcriptome data analysis in Satureja which could be useful for an understanding of the main constituents of Satureja essential oil and future research in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shams
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hasan Mumivand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticultural Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Karim Sorkheh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Moomin A, Russell WR, Knott RM, Scobbie L, Mensah KB, Adu-Gyamfi PKT, Duthie SJ. Season, storage and extraction method impact on the phytochemical profile of Terminalia ivorensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 36964494 PMCID: PMC10039578 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia ivorensis (TI) is used in West African ethnomedicine for the treatment of conditions including ulcers, malaria and wounds. Despite its widespread use, the phytochemical profile of TI remains largely undetermined. This research investigated the effects of extraction method, season, and storage conditions on the phytochemical composition of TI to contribute towards understanding the potential benefits. METHODS TI bark was collected in September 2014, September 2018 and February 2018 during the rainy or dry seasons in Eastern Region, Ghana. Samples were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) or using water (traditional). Metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and compared statistically by ANOVA. RESULTS A total of 82 different phytochemicals were identified across all samples. A greater yield of the major phytochemicals (44%, p < 0.05) was obtained by water as compared with organic extraction. There was also a higher concentration of metabolites present in cold (63%, p < 0.05) compared with hot water extraction. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of phytochemicals were identified from TI collected in the dry (85%) compared to the rainy season (69%). TI bark stored for four years retained 84% of the major phytochemicals. CONCLUSION This work provides important information on composition and how this is modified by growing conditions, storage and method of extraction informing progress on the development of TI as a prophylactic formulation or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliu Moomin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Rachel M. Knott
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
| | - Lorraine Scobbie
- University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Foresterhill Campus, Ashgrove Road West, Scotland, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Kwesi Boadu Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Paa Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Pentecost University College, Accra, Ghana
| | - Susan J. Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ UK
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Borim de Souza AJ, Ocampos FMM, Catoia Pulgrossi R, Dokkedal AL, Colnago LA, Cechin I, Saldanha LL. NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Effects of Water Stress in the Primary and Specialized Metabolisms of Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030381. [PMID: 36984821 PMCID: PMC10053921 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia ungulata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Phytochemical studies revealed flavonoids and the saccharide pinitol related to hypoglycemic activity of the Bauhinia species. To determine the effects of water deficit on ecophysiological parameter and metabolite fingerprints of B. ungulata, specimens were treated with the following water regimens under greenhouse conditions: daily watering (control), watering every 7 days (group 7D), and watering every 15 days (group 15D). Metabolite profiling of the plants subjected to water deficit was determined by LC-HRMS/MS. An NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to analyze the extracts revealed increased levels of known osmoprotective and bioactive compounds, such as D-pinitol, in the water deficit groups. Physiological parameters were determined by gas exchange in planta analysis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in gas exchange under severe drought stress, while biomass production was not significantly different between the control and group 7D under moderate stress. Altogether, the results revealed that primary and specialized/secondary metabolism is affected by long periods of severe water scarcity downregulating the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites such as pinitol, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. These results may be useful for guiding agricultural production and standardizing medicinal herb materials of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Catoia Pulgrossi
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Cechin
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.M.M.O.); (L.L.S.)
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Mohammadi-Cheraghabadi M, Modarres-Sanavy SAM, Sefidkon F, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Hazrati S. Harvest time explains substantially more variance in yield, essential oil and quality performances of Salvia officinalis than irrigation and putrescine application. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:109-120. [PMID: 36733840 PMCID: PMC9886791 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elicitors, irrigation regimes and harvest times influence the content, yield and compound of the essential oil (EO) in Salvia officinalis (sage), through changes in biomass dynamics and biosynthetic pathways. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine if foliar application of putrescine under optimum and deficit stress conditions would favorably affect EO yield, content and profile of sage harvested in spring and summer. The response of dry weight, EO yield and content, myrcene and borneol concentrations to irrigation regime and putrescine concentration can be expressed by a quadratic model. The maximum dry weight (182.63 g m-2) and EO yield (1.68 g m-2) were predicted under irrigation regimes of 9.06% and 27.75% available soil water depletion (ASWD), respectively. The highest EO content (1.05%) was predicted under 3.04 mM of putrescine. Based on results obtained from GC/MS analyses, 25 compounds (mostly monoterpenes) were identified in the EO of sage. Among EO compounds, α-thujone (54.08%), 1, 8-cineole (17.87%), pinocarvone (14.30%), β-thujone (7.97%) and camphor (8.76%) in turn were the most abundant. The concentration of myrcene was higher in spring than summer under the irrigation regimes of 60% and 80% ASWD. The myrcene concentration reached its maximum (4.53%) under the irrigation regime of 86.5% ASWD. The irrigation regimes of 48.03% and 45.6% ASWD caused the highest borneol concentrations of 1.47% and 1.41% by application of 1.5 mM and 2.25 mM putrescine, respectively. All treatments tested on sage, particularly harvest time, can play an important role in the improvement of EO quality and quantity. Averaged over both years, the irrigation regime of nearly 30% ASWD resulted in the highest EO yield harvested with greater quantity and better quality in summer. The EO content and quality changed slightly with the application of putrescine, without significant effect on yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hazrati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Sugimoto K, Zager JJ, Aubin BS, Lange B, Howe GA. Flavonoid deficiency disrupts redox homeostasis and terpenoid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1450-1468. [PMID: 34668550 PMCID: PMC8896623 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes (GTs) are epidermal structures that provide the first line of chemical defense against arthropod herbivores and other biotic threats. The most conspicuous structure on leaves of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the type-VI GT (tVI-GT), which accumulates both flavonoids and volatile terpenoids. Although these classes of specialized metabolites are derived from distinct metabolic pathways, previous studies with a chalcone isomerase 1 (CHI1)-deficient mutant called anthocyanin free (af) showed that flavonoids are required for terpenoid accumulation in tVI-GTs. Here, we combined global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of isolated trichomes as a starting point to show that the lack of CHI1 is associated with reduced levels of terpenoid biosynthetic transcripts and enzymes. The flavonoid deficiency in af trichomes also resulted in the upregulation of abiotic stress-responsive genes associated with DNA damage and repair. Several lines of biochemical and genetic evidence indicate that the terpenoid defect in af mutants is specific for the tVI-GT and is associated with the absence of bulk flavonoids rather than loss of CHI1 per se. A newly developed genome-scale model of metabolism in tomato tVI-GTs helped identify metabolic imbalances caused by the loss of flavonoid production. We provide evidence that flavonoid deficiency in this cell type leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may impair terpenoid biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings support a role for flavonoids as ROS-scavenging antioxidants in GTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sugimoto
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Jordan J Zager
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Brian St Aubin
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Author for communication:
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Jogawat A, Yadav B, Lakra N, Singh AK, Narayan OP. Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1106-1132. [PMID: 33421146 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Om Prakash Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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Mitreiter S, Gigolashvili T. Regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:70-91. [PMID: 33313802 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the past 13 years, the regulation of glucosinolate synthesis in plants has been intensively studied, with recent research revealing complex molecular mechanisms that connect glucosinolate production with responses to other central pathways. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis is ecologically relevant for plants, how it is controlled by transcription factors, and how this transcriptional machinery interacts with hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic mechanisms. We present the central players in glucosinolate regulation, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as well as the plant hormone jasmonate, which together with other hormones and environmental signals allow the coordinated and rapid regulation of glucosinolate genes. Furthermore, we highlight the regulatory connections between glucosinolates, auxin, and sulfur metabolism and discuss emerging insights and open questions on the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mitreiter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Nakabayashi R, Saito K. Higher dimensional metabolomics using stable isotope labeling for identifying the missing specialized metabolism in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:84-92. [PMID: 32388402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanics of specialized metabolism and its importance throughout plant evolution remain mysterious. Specialized metabolites and their corresponding biosynthetic genes are crucial to understand the reason for the prevalence of certain metabolism. Even though mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has enabled us to acquire data about the structural properties of unknown specialized metabolites as well as known metabolites and their corresponding isomers/analogs, extensive analytical approaches are still required. Herein, we review the most advanced analytical approaches using stable isotope labeling that can be used to identify the unknown specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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12
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Joshi V, Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Poluri KM, Singh S, Kumar A, Mishra A. Polyphenolic flavonoid (Myricetin) upregulated proteasomal degradation mechanisms: Eliminates neurodegenerative proteins aggregation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20900-20914. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - Ayeman Amanullah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | | | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India
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Abstract
The WD40 domain is one of the most abundant and interacting domains in the eukaryotic genome. In proteins the WD domain folds into a β-propeller structure, providing a platform for the interaction and assembly of several proteins into a signalosome. WD40 repeats containing proteins, in lower eukaryotes, are mainly involved in growth, cell cycle, development and virulence, while in higher organisms, they play an important role in diverse cellular functions like signal transduction, cell cycle control, intracellular transport, chromatin remodelling, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis, development, transcriptional regulation, immune responses. To play the regulatory role in various processes, they act as a scaffold for protein-protein or protein-DNA interaction. So far, no WD40 domain has been identified with intrinsic enzymatic activity. Several WD40 domain-containing proteins have been recently characterized in prokaryotes as well. The review summarizes the vast array of functions performed by different WD40 domain containing proteins, their domain organization and functional conservation during the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhi Prakash Jain
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Shweta Pandey
- APSGMNS Govt P G College, Kawardha, Chhattisgarh, 491995, India
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15
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Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Metabolomics 20 years on: what have we learned and what hurdles remain? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:933-942. [PMID: 29734513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The term metabolome was coined in 1998, by analogy to genome, transcriptome and proteome. The first research papers using the terms metabolomics, metabonomics, metabolic profiling or metabolite profiling were published shortly thereafter. In this short review we reflect on the major achievements brought about by the use of these approaches, and document the knowledge and technology gaps that are currently constraining its further development. Finally, we detail why we think that the time is ripe to refocus our efforts on the understanding of metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Centre of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Centre of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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16
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Colinas M, Goossens A. Combinatorial Transcriptional Control of Plant Specialized Metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:324-336. [PMID: 29395832 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce countless specialized compounds of diverse chemical nature and biological activities. Their biosynthesis often exclusively occurs either in response to environmental stresses or is limited to dedicated anatomical structures. In both scenarios, regulation of biosynthesis appears to be mainly controlled at the transcriptional level, which is generally dependent on a combined interplay of DNA-related mechanisms and the activity of transcription factors that may act in a combinatorial manner. How environmental and developmental cues are integrated into a coordinated cell type-specific stress response has only partially been unraveled so far. Building on the available examples from (metabolic) gene expression, here we propose theoretical models of how this integration of signals may occur at the level of transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Colinas
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Tian N, Liu F, Wang P, Zhang X, Li X, Wu G. The molecular basis of glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Castelblanque L, Balaguer B, Martí C, Rodríguez JJ, Orozco M, Vera P. Multiple facets of laticifer cells. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1300743. [PMID: 28718699 PMCID: PMC5586393 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1300743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the latex-bearing plants, the laticiferous system is the tubing structure that contains the latex and is constituted of living cells (laticifers). While laticifers are present only in a small percentage of the flowering plant species, they represent a type of specialized tissue within the plant where a myriad of metabolites are synthesized, some of them of considerable commercial importance. In this mini-review we synopsize the present knowledge about laticifer cells and discuss about their particular features as well as some evolutionary and ecophysiological cues and the potential exploitation of the knowledge generated around this peculiar type of plant cell. We illustrate some of these questions with the experience in Euphorbia lathyris laticifers and latex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Castelblanque
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Balaguer
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marianela Orozco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Vera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
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Chezem WR, Clay NK. Regulation of plant secondary metabolism and associated specialized cell development by MYBs and bHLHs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 131:26-43. [PMID: 27569707 PMCID: PMC5048601 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unrivaled in the natural world in both the number and complexity of secondary metabolites they produce, and the ubiquitous phenylpropanoids and the lineage-specific glucosinolates represent two such large and chemically diverse groups. Advances in genome-enabled biochemistry and metabolomic technologies have greatly increased the understanding of their metabolic networks in diverse plant species. There also has been some progress in elucidating the gene regulatory networks that are key to their synthesis, accumulation and function. This review highlights what is currently known about the gene regulatory networks and the stable sub-networks of transcription factors at their cores that regulate the production of these plant secondary metabolites and the differentiation of specialized cell types that are equally important to their defensive function. Remarkably, some of these core components are evolutionarily conserved between secondary metabolism and specialized cell development and across distantly related plant species. These findings suggest that the more ancient gene regulatory networks for the differentiation of fundamental cell types may have been recruited and remodeled for the generation of the vast majority of plant secondary metabolites and their specialized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Chezem
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nicole K Clay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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20
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Faden F, Ramezani T, Mielke S, Almudi I, Nairz K, Froehlich MS, Höckendorff J, Brandt W, Hoehenwarter W, Dohmen RJ, Schnittger A, Dissmeyer N. Phenotypes on demand via switchable target protein degradation in multicellular organisms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12202. [PMID: 27447739 PMCID: PMC4961840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes on-demand generated by controlling activation and accumulation of proteins of interest are invaluable tools to analyse and engineer biological processes. While temperature-sensitive alleles are frequently used as conditional mutants in microorganisms, they are usually difficult to identify in multicellular species. Here we present a versatile and transferable, genetically stable system based on a low-temperature-controlled N-terminal degradation signal (lt-degron) that allows reversible and switch-like tuning of protein levels under physiological conditions in vivo. Thereby, developmental effects can be triggered and phenotypes on demand generated. The lt-degron was established to produce conditional and cell-type-specific phenotypes and is generally applicable in a wide range of organisms, from eukaryotic microorganisms to plants and poikilothermic animals. We have successfully applied this system to control the abundance and function of transcription factors and different enzymes by tunable protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Faden
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabel Almudi
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knud Nairz
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marceli S. Froehlich
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höckendorff
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Computational Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteomics Unit, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Dohmen
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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21
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Miller JC, Chezem WR, Clay NK. Ternary WD40 Repeat-Containing Protein Complexes: Evolution, Composition and Roles in Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1108. [PMID: 26779203 PMCID: PMC4703829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants, like mammals, rely on their innate immune system to perceive and discriminate among the majority of their microbial pathogens. Unlike mammals, plants respond to this molecular dialog by unleashing a complex chemical arsenal of defense metabolites to resist or evade pathogen infection. In basal or non-host resistance, plants utilize signal transduction pathways to detect "non-self," "damaged-self," and "altered-self"- associated molecular patterns and translate these "danger" signals into largely inducible chemical defenses. The WD40 repeat (WDR)-containing proteins Gβ and TTG1 are constituents of two independent ternary protein complexes functioning at opposite ends of a plant immune signaling pathway. They are also encoded by single-copy genes that are ubiquitous in higher plants, implying the limited diversity and functional conservation of their respective complexes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the evolutionary history of these WDR-containing ternary complexes, their repertoire and combinatorial interactions, and their downstream effectors and pathways in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi C. Miller
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - William R. Chezem
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole K. Clay
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Xiao L, Tan H, Zhang L. Artemisia annua glandular secretory trichomes: the biofactory of antimalarial agent artemisinin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Sievert C, Beuerle T, Hollmann J, Ober D. Single cell subtractive transcriptomics for identification of cell-specifically expressed candidate genes of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:17-24. [PMID: 26057225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Progress has recently been made in the elucidation of pathways of secondary metabolism. However, because of its diversity, genetic information concerning biosynthetic details is still missing for many natural products. This is also the case for the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. To close this gap, we tested strategies using tissues that express this pathway in comparison to tissues in which this pathway is not expressed. As many pathways of secondary metabolism are known to be induced by jasmonates, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing species Heliotropium indicum, Symphytum officinale, and Cynoglossum officinale of the Boraginales order were treated with methyl jasmonate. An effect on pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels and on transcript levels of homospermidine synthase, the first specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, was not detectable. Therefore, a method was developed by making use of the often observed cell-specific production of secondary compounds. H. indicum produces pyrrolizidine alkaloids exclusively in the shoot. Homospermidine synthase is expressed only in the cells of the lower leaf epidermis and the epidermis of the stem. Suggesting that the whole pathway of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis might be localized in these cells, we have isolated single cells of the upper and lower epidermis by laser-capture microdissection. The resulting cDNA preparations have been used in a subtractive transcriptomic approach. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has shown that the resulting library is significantly enriched for homospermidine-synthase-coding transcripts providing a valuable source for the identification of further genes involved in pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sievert
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julien Hollmann
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Ober
- Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Li M, Sack FD. Myrosin idioblast cell fate and development are regulated by the Arabidopsis transcription factor FAMA, the auxin pathway, and vesicular trafficking. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4053-66. [PMID: 25304201 PMCID: PMC4247575 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crucifer shoots harbor a glucosinolate-myrosinase system that defends against insect predation. Arabidopsis thaliana myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase [TGG]) accumulates in stomata and in myrosin idioblasts (MIs). This work reports that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor FAMA that is key to stomatal development is also expressed in MIs. The loss of FAMA function abolishes MI fate as well as the expression of the myrosinase genes TGG1 and TGG2. MI cells have previously been reported to be located in the phloem. Instead, we found that MIs arise from the ground meristem rather than provascular tissues and thus are not homologous with phloem. Moreover, MI patterning and morphogenesis are abnormal when the function of the ARF-GEF gene GNOM is lost as well as when auxin efflux and vesicular trafficking are chemically disrupted. Stomata and MI cells constitute part of a wider system that reduces plant predation, the so-called "mustard oil bomb," in which vacuole breakage in cells harboring myrosinase and glucosinolate yields a brew toxic to many animals, especially insects. This identification of the gene that confers the fate of MIs, as well as stomata, might facilitate the development of strategies for engineering crops to mitigate predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fred D Sack
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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25
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Kliebenstein DJ. Synthetic biology of metabolism: using natural variation to reverse engineer systems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 19:20-6. [PMID: 24699221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A goal of metabolic engineering is to take a plant and introduce new or modify existing pathways in a directed and predictable fashion. However, existing data does not provide the necessary level of information to allow for predictive models to be generated. One avenue to reverse engineer the necessary information is to study the genetic control of natural variation in plant primary and secondary metabolism. These studies are showing that any engineering model will have to incorporate information about 1000s of genes in both the nuclear and organellar genome to optimize the function of the introduced pathway. Further, these genes may interact in an unpredictable fashion complicating any engineering approach as it moves from the one or two gene manipulation to higher order stacking efforts. Finally, metabolic engineering may be influenced by a previously unrecognized potential for a plant to measure the metabolites within it. In combination, these observations from natural variation provide a beginning to help improve current efforts at metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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26
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Kang JH, McRoberts J, Shi F, Moreno JE, Jones AD, Howe GA. The flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme chalcone isomerase modulates terpenoid production in glandular trichomes of tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1161-74. [PMID: 24424324 PMCID: PMC3938611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids and terpenoids are derived from distinct metabolic pathways but nevertheless serve complementary roles in mediating plant interactions with the environment. Here, we show that glandular trichomes of the anthocyanin free (af) mutant of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fail to accumulate both flavonoids and terpenoids. This pleiotropic metabolic deficiency was associated with loss of resistance to native populations of coleopteran herbivores under field conditions. We demonstrate that Af encodes an isoform (SlCHI1) of the flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme chalcone isomerase (CHI), which catalyzes the conversion of naringenin chalcone to naringenin and is strictly required for flavonoid production in multiple tissues of tomato. Expression of the wild-type SlCHI1 gene from its native promoter complemented the anthocyanin deficiency in af. Unexpectedly, the SlCHI1 transgene also complemented the defect in terpenoid production in glandular trichomes. Our results establish a key role for SlCHI1 in flavonoid production in tomato and reveal a link between CHI1 and terpenoid production. Metabolic coordination of the flavonoid and terpenoid pathways may serve to optimize the function of trichome glands in dynamic environments.
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Töpfer N, Caldana C, Grimbs S, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Integration of genome-scale modeling and transcript profiling reveals metabolic pathways underlying light and temperature acclimation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1197-211. [PMID: 23613196 PMCID: PMC3663262 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolic acclimation of plants to challenging environmental conditions is essential for dissecting the role of metabolic pathways in growth and survival. As stresses involve simultaneous physiological alterations across all levels of cellular organization, a comprehensive characterization of the role of metabolic pathways in acclimation necessitates integration of genome-scale models with high-throughput data. Here, we present an integrative optimization-based approach, which, by coupling a plant metabolic network model and transcriptomics data, can predict the metabolic pathways affected in a single, carefully controlled experiment. Moreover, we propose three optimization-based indices that characterize different aspects of metabolic pathway behavior in the context of the entire metabolic network. We demonstrate that the proposed approach and indices facilitate quantitative comparisons and characterization of the plant metabolic response under eight different light and/or temperature conditions. The predictions of the metabolic functions involved in metabolic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to the changing conditions are in line with experimental evidence and result in a hypothesis about the role of homocysteine-to-Cys interconversion and Asn biosynthesis. The approach can also be used to reveal the role of particular metabolic pathways in other scenarios, while taking into consideration the entirety of characterized plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Töpfer
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Integrate Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Associated Centers to the Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sergio Grimbs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Genes and Small Molecules Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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