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Bhuiyan NZ, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Rahman A. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease through diet: An exploratory review. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100257. [PMID: 37781687 PMCID: PMC10539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention. Methods Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer's disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer's, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer. Results Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer's Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets. Conclusion The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Zahan Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Zańko A, Siewko K, Krętowski AJ, Milewski R. Lifestyle, Insulin Resistance and Semen Quality as Co-Dependent Factors of Male Infertility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010732. [PMID: 36613051 PMCID: PMC9819053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a problem that affects millions of couples around the world. It is known as a disease of couples, not individuals, which makes diagnosis difficult and treatment unclear. Male infertility can have many causes, from mechanical ones to abnormal spermatogenesis or spermiogenesis. Semen quality is determined by a number of factors, including those dependent on men themselves, with the number of infertile men growing every year. These include, e.g., diet, physical activity, sleep quality, stress, among many others. As these factors co-exist with insulin resistance, which is a disease closely related to lifestyle, it has been singled out in the study due to its role in affecting semen quality. In order to examine connections between lifestyle, insulin resistance, and semen quality, a review of literature published from 1989 to 2020 in the following databases PubMed/Medline, EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed. Hence, semen quality, environment, and insulin resistance are interrelated, thus it is difficult to indicate which aspect is the cause and which is the effect in a particular relationship and the nature of possible correlations. Since the influence of lifestyle on semen quality has been extensively studied, it is recommended that more thorough research be done on the relationship between insulin resistance and semen quality, comparing the semen quality of men with and without insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Zańko
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-295 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Lázaro I, Lupón J, Cediel G, Codina P, Fitó M, Domingo M, Santiago-Vacas E, Zamora E, Sala-Vila A, Bayés-Genís A. Relationship of Circulating Vegetable Omega-3 to Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1751-1758. [PMID: 36302588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to promote quality of life in patients with heart failure (HF). Several studies reported benefits in HF prognosis for marine omega-3 fatty acids and plant-based dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore whether dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the main plant omega-3, relates to a better HF prognosis. METHODS ALA was determined in serum phospholipids (which reflect long-term dietary ALA intake and metabolism) by gas chromatography in 905 ambulatory patients with HF caused by different etiologies. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 2.4 years (range: 0.02-3 years), 140 all-cause deaths, 85 cardiovascular (CV) deaths, and 141 first HF hospitalizations (composite of all-cause death and first HF hospitalization, n = 238) were documented. Using Cox regression analyses, we observed that, compared with patients at the lowest quartile of ALA in serum phospholipids (Q1), those at the 3 upper quartiles (Q2-Q4) exhibited a reduction in the risk of composite of all-cause death and first HF hospitalization (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.81). Statistically significant reductions were observed for all-cause death (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41-0.82), CV death (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32-0.80), first HF hospitalization (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.84), and the composite of CV death and HF hospitalization (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.79). CONCLUSIONS HF patients with bottom 25% ALA levels in serum phospholipids had a worse prognosis during a mid-term follow-up compared with those with the highest levels. This might be a target population in whom to test dietary ALA-rich interventions to promote quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germán Cediel
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Codina
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Domingo
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelyn Santiago-Vacas
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Zamora
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Du Y, Wu T. Heart failure and cancer: From active exposure to passive adaption. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:992011. [PMID: 36304546 PMCID: PMC9592839 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.992011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body seems like a "balance integrator." On the one hand, the body constantly actively receives various outside stimuli and signals to induce changes. On the other hand, several internal regulations would be initiated to adapt to these changes. In most cases, the body could keep the balance in vitro and in vivo to reach a healthy body. However, in some cases, the body can only get to a pathological balance. Actively exposed to unhealthy lifestyles and passively adapting to individual primary diseases lead to a similarly inner environment for both heart failure and cancer. To cope with these stimuli, the body must activate the system regulation mechanism and face the mutual interference. This review summarized the association between heart failure and cancer from active exposure to passive adaption. Moreover, we hope to inspire researchers to contemplate these two diseases from the angle of overall body consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Du
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Tao Wu,
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Costa JO, Aidar FJ, Barbosa JS, Alves LVS, Oliveira VB, de Oliveira LMSM, Rocha RMS, Vieira DADS, Costa IMNBDC, de Souza MFC, Oliveira JLM, Baumworcel L, Neves EB, Díaz-de-Durana AL, Almeida-Santos MA, Sousa ACS. BALANCE Dietary Index in Patients with Heart Failure, and Its Adherence in Sergipe, Brazil. Clin Pract 2022; 12:383-395. [PMID: 35735662 PMCID: PMC9221597 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: “The effective treatment of Heart Failure (HF) involves care with food intake. Recently, the Ministry of Health created the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet and its dietary index, BALANCE, which assesses adherence to the standard’s recommendations”. Methods: This observational prospective study is part of the Congestive Heart Failure Registry (VICTIM-CHF) of Aracaju/SE. Observations and data collection took place from April 2018 to February 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical aspects and food consumption were evaluated. Food intake was determined using the food frequency questionnaire. Foods were categorized using the BALANCE dietary index into green, yellow, blue and red food groups. The BALANCE dietary index was obtained using median and interquartile ranges, scores of the Mann–Whitney U test, and associations between clinical variables and the index, through linear regression. Results: Participants included 240 patients with HF (61.12 ± 1.06 years), who were assisted by the Unified Health System (67.5%). Individuals with a partner showed greater adherence to the green food group recommendations (0.09; 0.00–0.17). The lowest adherence to recommendations regarding the blue food group was observed in individuals with excess weight, who had a higher consumption of foods rich in animal protein (0.54; 0.38–0.78). As for the red food group (ultra-processed foods) the highest adherence was observed by patients with diabetes mellitus (0.41; 0.05–0.77). The greatest adherence to the yellow food group, and a higher score, was observed in patients with the smallest left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSD). Conclusions: Being married was directly associated with the consumption of foods in the green group, while being overweight and having diabetes were inversely associated with adherence to the blue and red food groups, respectively. Greater adherence to the yellow food group recommendations was inversely associated with less change in the DSFVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Oliveira Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research in Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Luciana Vieira Sousa Alves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Victor Batista Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Larissa Marina Santana Mendonça de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Raysa Manuelle Santos Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
| | - Diva Aliete dos Santos Vieira
- Department of Nutrition, Campus Prof. Antônio Garcia Filho, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto 49400-000, SE, Brazil;
| | | | - Márcia Ferreira Cândido de Souza
- Graduate Program Professional in Management and Technological Innovation in Health, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
| | - Joselina Luzia Menezes Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.A.-S.)
| | - Leonardo Baumworcel
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.A.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, PR, Brazil;
| | - Alfonso López Díaz-de-Durana
- Sports Department, Physical Activity and Sports Faculty-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.A.-S.)
- Graduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (J.S.B.); (L.V.S.A.); (V.B.O.); (L.M.S.M.d.O.); (R.M.S.R.); (J.L.M.O.); (A.C.S.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Clinic and Hospital São Lucas/Rede D’Or São Luiz, Aracaju 49060-676, SE, Brazil; (L.B.); (M.A.A.-S.)
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Dietary Management of Heart Failure: DASH Diet and Precision Nutrition Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124424. [PMID: 34959976 PMCID: PMC8708696 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major health care burden increasing in prevalence over time. Effective, evidence-based interventions for HF prevention and management are needed to improve patient longevity, symptom control, and quality of life. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet interventions can have a positive impact for HF patients. However, the absence of a consensus for comprehensive dietary guidelines and for pragmatic evidence limits the ability of health care providers to implement clinical recommendations. The refinement of medical nutrition therapy through precision nutrition approaches has the potential to reduce the burden of HF, improve clinical care, and meet the needs of diverse patients. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence related to HF dietary recommendations including DASH diet nutritional interventions and to develop initial recommendations for DASH diet implementation in outpatient HF management. Articles involving human studies were obtained using the following search terms: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), diet pattern, diet, metabolism, and heart failure. Only full-text articles written in English were included in this review. As DASH nutritional interventions have been proposed, limitations of these studies are the small sample size and non-randomization of interventions, leading to less reliable evidence. Randomized controlled interventions are needed to offer definitive evidence related to the use of the DASH diet in HF management.
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Cutillas-Tolín A, Adoamnei E, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Vioque J, Moñino-García M, Jørgensen N, Chavarro JE, Mendiola J, Torres-Cantero AM. Adherence to diet quality indices in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones in young men. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1866-1875. [PMID: 31560742 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is adherence to an a priori defined diet quality indices [Alternate Healthy Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), relative Mediterranean diet score (rMED) or dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)] associated with semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in young men? SUMMARY ANSWER Greater adherence to the DASH diet is related to higher sperm counts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies assessing the relationship between dietary intake and male reproductive function have mainly been focused on specific nutrients, food groups or data-driven dietary patterns, but the evidence on a priori defined dietary indices is still scarce. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study of 209 male university students recruited from October 2010 to November 2011 in Murcia Region (Southern Spain). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Healthy young men aged 18-23 years were included in this study. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and three a priori-defined dietary indices (AHEI-2010, rMED and DASH) were calculated. Linear regression was used to analyze the relation between the three dietary indices and semen quality parameters and reproductive hormone levels accounting for potential confounders and covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found statistically significant positive associations between the DASH index and sperm concentration (P, trend = 0.04), total sperm count (P, trend = 0.04) and total motile sperm count (P, trend = 0.02). No associations were observed for other semen parameters or male reproductive hormones. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Even though we adjusted for several known and suspected confounders we cannot exclude the possibility of residual or unmeasured confounding or chance findings. Subjects were blinded to the study outcomes thus reducing the potential influence on their report of diet. Our sample size may be too small to rule out associations with other semen parameters or reproductive hormones. Causal inference is limited, as usual with all observational studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results suggest that greater adherence to the DASH may help improve sperm counts. This study was carried out on young men from the general population. However, results may differ among other populations (e.g. infertile men). Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings and extend these results to other populations. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Fundación Séneca, grants No 08808/PI/08 and No 19443/PI/14; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES), grants No PI10/00985 and No PI13/01237; and grant P30DK046200 from the National Institutes of Health. Authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cutillas-Tolín
- Division of Preventive Medici ne and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Division of Preventive Medici ne and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, University Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL - FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, University Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL - FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miriam Moñino-García
- Division of Preventive Medici ne and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime Mendiola
- Division of Preventive Medici ne and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto M Torres-Cantero
- Division of Preventive Medici ne and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
- Health Research Methodology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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Billingsley HE, Hummel SL, Carbone S. The role of diet and nutrition in heart failure: A state-of-the-art narrative review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 63:538-551. [PMID: 32798501 PMCID: PMC7686142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) incidence is increasing steadily worldwide, while prognosis remains poor. Though nutrition is a lifestyle factor implicated in prevention of HF, little is known about the effects of macro- and micronutrients as well as dietary patterns on the progression and treatment of HF. This is reflected in a lack of nutrition recommendations in all major HF scientific guidelines. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine and discuss the implications of evidence contained in existing randomized control trials as well as observational studies covering the topics of sodium restriction, dietary patterns and caloric restriction as well as supplementation of dietary fats and fatty acids, protein and amino acids and micronutrients in the setting of pre-existing HF. Finally, we explore future directions and discuss knowledge gaps regarding nutrition therapies for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Scott L Hummel
- University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
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How to protect both health and food system sustainability? A holistic 'global health'-based approach via the 3V rule proposal. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3028-3044. [PMID: 32758320 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define a generic diet to protect human health and food system sustainability based on three dimensions: animal:plant ratio, degree of food processing and food diversity. DESIGN/SETTING The percentages of maximum animal and ultra-processed energy content were evaluated from scientific papers (Web of Science database) and reports from international scientific institutions. Then, a weekly French standard diet, including these percentages and food diversity (≥42 different foods), was designed to calculate adequacy to nutritional needs. RESULTS Based on traditional and scientifically based healthy diets, and on foresight scenarios for sustainable diets at horizon 2050, a median daily animal energy content intake of 15 % was found to be protective towards both human health and environment. Based on epidemiological studies associating ultra-processed energy consumption with increased overweight/obesity risk, a precautionary threshold of approximately 15 % ultra-processed energy content was observed. The French diet allows addressing all nutritional needs and other nutritional indicators such as maximum salt and simple sugar consumption, α-linolenic acid:linoleic acid ratio and essential amino acids. This diet was named the '3V rule' for Végétal (plant), Vrai (real) and Varié (varied, if possible organic, local and seasonal). This generic diet can be adapted according to regional traditions and environmental characteristics. Excluding only one dimension of it would threaten both health and food system sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Tending towards a 3V-based diet, while respecting local constraints, should allow preserving human health, environment (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, deforestation, etc.), small farmers, animal welfare and biodiversity, culinary traditions and socioeconomics (including an alleviation of public health cost).
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Nista F, Gatto F, Albertelli M, Musso N. Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension-An Update about the Role of a Real Villain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2811. [PMID: 32325839 PMCID: PMC7215960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salt intake is too high for safety nowadays. The main active ion in salt is sodium. The vast majority of scientific evidence points out the importance of sodium restriction for decreasing cardiovascular risk. International Guidelines recommend a large reduction in sodium consumption to help reduce blood pressure, organ damage, and cardiovascular risk. Regulatory authorities across the globe suggest a general restriction of sodium intake to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In spite of this seemingly unanimous consensus, some researchers claim to have evidence of the unhealthy effects of a reduction of sodium intake, and have data to support their claims. Evidence is against dissenting scientists, because prospective, observational, and basic research studies indicate that sodium is the real villain: actual sodium consumption around the globe is far higher than the safe range. Sodium intake is directly related to increased blood pressure, and independently to the enlargement of cardiac mass, with a possible independent role in inducing left ventricular hypertrophy. This may represent the basis of myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, and cardiac mortality. Although debated, a high sodium intake may induce initial renal damage and progression in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Conversely, there is general agreement about the adverse role of sodium in cerebrovascular disease. These factors point to the possible main role of sodium intake in target organ damage and cardiovascular events including mortality. This review will endeavor to outline the existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natale Musso
- Unit of Hypertension, Clinical Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, University of Genoa Medical School, 6-16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.N.); (F.G.); (M.A.)
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Nutrition intervention in heart failure: should consumption of the DASH eating pattern be recommended to improve outcomes? Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:565-573. [PMID: 30923990 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, systemic disorder that presents a serious and growing public health problem due to its high prevalence, mortality, and cost of care. Due to the aging of the population and medical advances that prolong the life of HF patients, more effective, widespread strategies for improved HF management in this rapidly growing patient population are needed. While the prevalence of malnutrition in HF patients has been well characterized, evidence is limited regarding the effects of specific macro- and micronutrient deficiencies on HF outcomes and their interaction with other aspects of HF management, including pharmacotherapy. There is a mounting appreciation for the effects of nutritional intervention on pathophysiology, treatment, and outcomes in patients with HF. Heart-healthy dietary patterns, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), carry importance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. While preliminary evidence looks promising regarding effects of DASH eating pattern consumption on ventricular function and 30-day hospitalizations in HF patients, more research is needed to confirm its effects on short-term and long-term HF outcomes while better understand underlying mechanisms in the context of HF pharmacotherapy.
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12
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Nutraceutical support in heart failure: a position paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:155-179. [PMID: 32172721 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Several nutraceuticals have shown interesting clinical results in HF prevention as well as in the treatment of the early stages of the disease, alone or in combination with pharmacological therapy. The aim of the present expert opinion position paper is to summarise the available clinical evidence on the role of phytochemicals in HF prevention and/or treatment that might be considered in those patients not treated optimally as well as in those with low therapy adherence. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular HF treatment options were weighed up and graded according to predefined scales. A systematic search strategy was developed to identify trials in PubMed (January 1970 to June 2019). The terms 'nutraceuticals', 'dietary supplements', 'herbal drug' and 'heart failure' or 'left verntricular dysfunction' were used in the literature search. The experts discussed and agreed on the recommendation levels. Available clinical trials reported that the intake of some nutraceuticals (hawthorn, coenzyme Q10, l-carnitine, d-ribose, carnosine, vitamin D, probiotics, n-3 PUFA and beet nitrates) might be associated with improvements in self-perceived quality of life and/or functional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output in HF patients, with minimal or no side effects. Those benefits tended to be greater in earlier HF stages. Available clinical evidence supports the usefulness of supplementation with some nutraceuticals to improve HF management in addition to evidence-based pharmacological therapy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure (HF) and their family caregivers usually consume similar diets, but there is a lack of evidence about diet quality of patients with HF and their family caregivers. OBJECTIVE The specific aim of this study was to compare diet quality of patients with HF with that of their family caregivers. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with HF and their 40 family caregivers completed a VioScreen Food Frequency Questionnaire from which Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) diet quality scores (consisting of the total HEI score and 12 component scores) were calculated. RESULTS None of the 40 patient-caregiver dyads had a high diet quality score (ie, total HEI > 80), whereas 21% of participants had poor diet scores (ie, total HEI ≤ 50). There were no differences in total HEI scores (58.5 vs 59.4, P = .58) or the 12 component scores of the HEI within dyad members. Mean scores of 6 of the 12 components (ie, total fruit, greens and beans, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, empty calories) for both members of the HF dyad were lower than the national average. Interestingly, scores for the sodium component were similarly low in patients and caregivers (4.1 vs 3.4, P = .24), indicating high sodium intake. CONCLUSION Both patients and caregivers consume poor-quality diets that are high in sodium. These findings suggest that nutrition interventions to improve diet quality for patients with HF need to be targeted at the family as a unit.
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Arghavani H, Daneshzad E, Namazi N, Larijani B, Askari M, Bellissimo N, Suitor K, Azadbakht L. Association of adherence to the dietary approach to stop hypertension diet and diet quality indices among women in Tehran: A cross- sectional study. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:291-298. [PMID: 31777709 PMCID: PMC6875550 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Examining dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet based on other dietary quality indices can be helpful to clarify positive aspects of this healthy dietary pattern. We aimed to examine the association between the DASH diet score and some diet quality indices among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 304 women aged 20 to 50 years old were recruited. Dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary energy density (DED), adherence to DASH diet, AlternativeHealthy Eating Index (AHEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were examined as suggested by previous articles. Dietary quality indices, anthropometric indices, and dietary intake were categorized based on DASH tertiles. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168items was used for dietary assessment. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic characteristics of participants across DASH tertiles (P>0.05). Participants who adhered more to the DASH diet had lower DEDthan those with lower adherence (0.99±0.35 vs 1.26±0.30; P=0.01). Significant differences were observed in the index of DDS across tertiles (P=0.01), however no differences in nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and MAR (0.93) index across the DASH categories were found.Additionally, DDS to DED in the top tertile of the DASH diet was greater than the bottom one(6.7±2.9 vs 4.4±1.9; P=0.001). Conclusion: The present study indicated that greater adherence to the DASH diet is inversely associated with DED and AHEI. As well as, there was a positive association between the DASHdiet and DDS/DED ratio. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results of this study
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Arghavani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a growing body of evidence that nutritional factors influence the incidence of heart failure (HF). The current manuscript aims to collate evidence relating to nutritional intervention in the treatment of HF as well as to provide context regarding challenges and opportunities in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the accepted importance of nutritional factors relating to cardiovascular disease severity, there is surprisingly little human intervention research regarding dietary intake and HF. Further, existing nutritional interventions in HF were mostly pilot studies with small samples and short follow-up. There is consistent evidence that nutritional factors majorly influence HF. Despite limited research, there is evidence that nutritional modification can rapidly and profoundly influence multiple aspects of HF. There is an urgent need for well-conducted research to ascertain if nutritional modification can alter the long-term course of HF.
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Dietary patterns and components to prevent and treat heart failure: a comprehensive review of human studies. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 32:1-27. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGrowing evidence has emerged about the role of dietary patterns and components in heart failure (HF) incidence and severity. The objective here is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding dietary patterns/components and HF. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted using multiple relevant keywords to identify relevant human studies. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets have consistently been associated with decreased HF incidence and severity. Regarding specific dietary components, fruit, vegetables, legumes and whole grains appear beneficial. Current evidence suggests that red/processed meats, eggs and refined carbohydrates are harmful, while fish, dairy products and poultry remain controversial. However, there is a notable lack of human intervention trials. The existing but limited observational and interventional evidence from human studies suggests that a plant-based dietary pattern high in antioxidants, micronutrients, nitrate and fibre but low in saturated/trans-fat and Na may decrease HF incidence/severity. Potential mechanisms include decreased oxidative stress, homocysteine and inflammation but higher antioxidant defence and NO bioavailability and gut microbiome modulation. Randomised, controlled trials are urgently required.
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17
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[Mortality due to hypertensive diseases: evidence from the southern border of Mexico in the period 1998-2014]. Salud Colect 2018; 13:647-662. [PMID: 29340444 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2017.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article analyzes patterns of mortality due to hypertensive diseases in the southern border of Mexico, as well as the evolution of such mortality in the 1998-2014 period. The emphasis is directed at the causes "Essential (primary) hypertension" (I10X) and "Hypertensive heart disease with heart failure" (I110). Using data from the mortality records of the National Health Information System, two types of analyses were carried out: cross-sectional analysis and time trends. Over the 16 years included in the study, the age-adjusted mortality rates show a clear increase. The findings suggest that the higher presence of indigenous populations is a trait of importance in the determination of the mortality pattern, with the state of Yucatán a case of particular interest. In addition, it is the female population that which exhibits the greatest adverse impact.
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18
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Abstract
Evidence supporting the role of nutrition in heart failure (HF) incidence and severity is growing. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify human studies including diet and HF. Several plant-based diets have consistently been associated with decreased HF incidence and severity, notably the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets. Several other plant-based dietary patterns, including low-fat diets and the rice diet, also show promise. Higher dietary quality, as assessed using different scores, seems to provide protective qualities. Fruit, vegetables, legumes and wholegrains appear to be beneficial, whereas red/processed meats, eggs and refined carbohydrates appear harmful. Some evidence suggests detrimental effects of dairy products and poultry, but more research is needed. There is observational and interventional evidence that a plant-based diet high in antioxidants, micronutrients, nitrate and fibre but low in saturated/trans fats may decrease the incidence and severity of HF. Potential mechanisms for this include decreased oxidative stress, homocysteine and inflammation levels, as well as higher antioxidant defence and nitric oxide bioavailability with gut microbiome modulation. Well-designed randomised, controlled nutrition intervention trials specific to HF are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P Kerley
- Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Management Unit and Heart Failure Unit, St Vincent's Healthcare Group/St Michael's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Guilleminault L, Williams EJ, Scott HA, Berthon BS, Jensen M, Wood LG. Diet and Asthma: Is It Time to Adapt Our Message? Nutrients 2017; 9:E1227. [PMID: 29117118 PMCID: PMC5707699 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder which is associated with airway inflammation. Environmental factors, in association with genetic susceptibility, play a critical role in asthma pathophysiology. Inhaled allergens, smoke exposure, indoor and outdoor air pollution are common triggers of asthma symptoms. Although the role of diet has clearly established mechanisms in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, it is not commonly identified as a causal factor in asthma. However, some dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, which includes a high intake of refined grains, processed and red meats, and desserts, have pro-inflammatory effects. On the contrary, the Mediterranean diet, with high intake of fruits and vegetables has anti-inflammatory properties. The influence of food on asthma outcomes is of growing interest, but dietary habits of asthma patients are not commonly investigated in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on the impact of diet on asthma risk and asthma control. We also detail the influence of diet on obese patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Guilleminault
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Hayley A Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dietary management of heart failure (HF) has largely been focused on sodium and fluid restrictions. Although safety and efficacy of these interventions in HF remain unclear, a daily sodium intake between 2000 and 3000 mg/day appears to be safe in these patients. Ongoing clinical research will inform on the safety and efficacy of a more restrictive sodium intake to less than 1500 mg/day. Data shows that routine fluid restriction in HF regardless of symptoms may be unnecessary; however, in patients with signs of congestion, fluid restriction to 2.0 L/day may be advisable. Recently, more attention has been paid to other nutritional aspects of HF beyond sodium and fluid intake, although there is still little evidence available to guide nutritional management of HF. Assuring that patients meet daily requirements for key micronutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, folate, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and thiamine, is essential in order to prevent deficiencies. More appropriate macronutrient composition of the diet is still to be determined; however, a diet containing 50-55% carbohydrates, 25-30% fat, and 15-20% protein seems acceptable for patients with HF with or without non-end-stage renal disease. Additionally, increased protein intake may be considered in malnourished/cachectic patients. Consulting a registered dietitian is especially helpful for patients with recent HF exacerbations or for patients with multiple comorbidities who may need to follow several dietary restrictions and may benefit of individualized dietary counseling in order to ensure appropriate intake of energy, protein, and micronutrients. Today, there are still several knowledge gaps in guiding the dietary management of HF. In this article, we review current recommendations for the dietary management of HF and the evidence supporting this practice.
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Eichelmann F, Schwingshackl L, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K. Effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1067-1079. [PMID: 27405372 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based dietary interventions have been proposed to reduce obesity induced chronic low-grade inflammation and hence prevent chronic disease risk; however, human evidence remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials aimed to assess the effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory biomarker profiles. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for articles published until January 2016 and mean differences in biomarkers of inflammatory status were assessed for: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Of initially identified 2,583 publications, 29 met the meta-analysis inclusion criteria [a total of 2,689 participants]. Consumption of plant-based diets was associated with a reduction in the mean concentrations of the following biomarkers: CRP [effect size, -0.55 mg/l, 95% confidence intervals (CI): -0.78; -0.32, I2 = 94.4%], IL-6 [effect size, -0.25 ng/l, 95% CI: -0.56; 0.06, I2 = 74%], and, to some degree, sICAM (-25.07 ng/ml [95% CI: -52.32; 2.17, I2 = 93.2%]). No substantial effects were revealed for TNF-ɑ, resistin, adiponectin and leptin. Plant-based diets are associated with an improvement in obesity-related inflammatory profiles and could provide means for therapy and prevention of chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eichelmann
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - V Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, USA
| | - K Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
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