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Brenes-Alvarado A, Farias-da-Silva FF, Soto-Montero JR, Benine-Warlet J, Groppo FC, Steiner-Oliveira C. Reduction of microorganisms in carious dentin by photodynamic therapy mediated by potassium iodide added to methylene blue and red laser. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105978. [PMID: 38718465 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model. METHODS A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO2). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm2), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level. RESULTS CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log10 for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log10 for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Brenes-Alvarado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Fabrício Farias-da-Silva
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigo Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Juliana Benine-Warlet
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Barazy R, Alafif H, Achour H, Al-Aloul A, Alsayed Tolibah Y. Can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy serve as an effective adjunct protocol for disinfecting the necrotic root canal system? A randomized controlled study. BDJ Open 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38902230 PMCID: PMC11190140 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infection plays an important role in persistent periapical lesions and inadequate disinfection of root canals is considered the biggest factor responsible for endodontic treatment failure. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has become the latest choice to eradicate microorganisms in root canals. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) in bacterial count reduction compared to Passive Ultrasonic Activation (PUI) and Ca(OH)2 dressings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five anterior single canal teeth with medium-sized periapical lesions (2-5 mm) were divided into three groups according to the disinfecting technique (each group consists of 15 canals with 1:1:1 allocation ratio): Group A: Ca(OH)2 dressing. Group B: Passive Ultrasonic Activation (PUI). Group C: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). Direct bacterial viable count method was used to count the colonies forming units (CFU) before and after the disinfecting and the bacterial count reduction was estimated, the statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS aPDT showed no statistically significant difference when compared to passive ultrasonic irrigation (P > 0.05) but showed higher and more promising results when compared to Ca(OH)2 dressings (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS aPDT has the ability and effectiveness as a disinfecting technique in necrotic and infected root canals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The results of this clinical trial provide that aPDT can be considered an adjunct method for root canal disinfection with the same effectiveness as passive ultrasonic irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Barazy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Hisham Alafif
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Hassan Achour
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ahmad Al-Aloul
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Yasser Alsayed Tolibah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
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da Cruz Rodrigues A, Bilha JK, Pereira PRM, de Souza CWO, Passarini MRZ, Uliana MP. Photoinactivation of microorganisms using bacteriochlorins as photosensitizers. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1139-1150. [PMID: 38378880 PMCID: PMC11153405 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, some microorganisms have shown resistance to conventional treatments. Considering this increase in resistant pathogens, treatment alternatives are needed to promote greater treatment efficiency. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been an alternative treatment. This technique uses a photosensitizer that is activated by light with a specific wavelength producing reactive species, leading to the death of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, bacteriochlorophyll derivatives such as bacteriochlorin metoxi (Bchl-M) and bacteriochlorin trizma (Bchl-T) obtained from purple bacterium (Rhodopseudomonas faecalis), were evaluated as photosensitizers in the aPDT. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated with both bacteriochlorins (Bchl-M and Bchl-T) at different concentrations (1, 15 and 30 µM for S. aureus; 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 µM for M. luteus; 30, 60, 90, 105, 120 and 150 µM for C. albicans; and 200 µM for P. aeruginosa) and different doses of light (20 and 30 J/cm2 for S. aureus and M. luteus; 30 and 45 J/cm2 for C. albicans; and 45 J/cm2 for P. aeruginosa) to inactivate them. Both photosensitizers showed good activation against S. aureus and for M. luteus, we observed the inactivation of these microorganisms at approximately 3 log, showing to be a good photosensitizers for these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia da Cruz Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kafka Bilha
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marciana Pierina Uliana
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil.
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Şahin ÖH, Korucu H, Aydin ZU. Evaluation of the effects of different photosensitizers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on tooth discoloration: spectrophotometric analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:133. [PMID: 38771549 PMCID: PMC11108930 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth discoloration is a common concern in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using various photosensitizers (PS). Toluidine Blue (TB), Methylene Blue (MB), Phthalocyanine (Pc), and 2-mercaptopyridine-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc) are among those studied, but their relative impacts on tooth discoloration remain unclear. AIM This study aimed to compare the effects of TB, MB, Pc, and TM-ZnPc in aPDT on tooth discoloration, utilizing a controlled experimental setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised seventy-five single-rooted incisors with root canals. Following meticulous preparation, a standardized area on the crown surface was designated for examination, and precise measurements of the initial tooth colors were recorded. Samples were randomly divided into five groups: Negative control, MB, TM, Pc, and TM-ZnPc. Photoactivation was performed using LED light, and color measurements were taken at multiple time points up to 90 days. Data were converted to Lab* color values of the CIE Lab* color system (International Commission on Illumination, Vienna, Austria), and ΔE values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Two-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS At day 7 and 30, TM-ZnPc and Pc caused less discoloration compared to MB and TB. TM-ZnPc caused more tooth discoloration compared to Pc (p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, MB and TM-ZnPc caused more tooth discoloration at 30 days and TB caused more tooth discoloration at 90 days (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in terms of tooth discoloration at all periods evaluated after Pc application (p > 0.05). All photosensitizers tested in the study caused tooth coloration. CONCLUSION All PS induced clinically detectable tooth discoloration, with TB and MB causing more significant discoloration compared to Pc and TM-ZnPc at certain time points. TM-ZnPc and Pc demonstrated more stable coloration levels over time, suggesting their potential reliability in aPDT applications. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate PS to minimize tooth discoloration in aPDT, with Pc showing promise in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Hür Şahin
- Department of Endodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hulde Korucu
- Department of Endodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Uğur Aydin
- Department of Endodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Ahrari F, Nazifi M, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Menbari S, Fekrazad R, Babaei K, Banihashemrad A. Photoinactivation Effects of Curcumin, Nano-curcumin, and Erythrosine on Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Streptococcus mutans. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e7. [PMID: 38655044 PMCID: PMC11033858 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the phototoxic effects of curcumin, nano-curcumin, and erythrosine on the viability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in suspension and biofilm forms. Methods: Various concentrations of curcumin (1.5 g/L, 3 g/L), nano-curcumin (3 g/L), and erythrosine (100 μM/L, 250 μM/L) were examined for their impact on planktonic and biofilm cultures of S. mutans, either individually or in conjunction with light irradiation (photodynamic therapy or PDT). A blue light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 450 nm served as the light source. The results were compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as the positive control, and a solution containing neither a photosensitizer (PS) nor a light source as the negative control group. The dependent variable was the number of viable microorganisms per experiment (CFU/mL). Results: Antimicrobial PDT caused a significant reduction in the viability of S. mutans in both planktonic and biofilm forms, compared to the negative control group (P<0.05). The highest cell killing was observed in PDT groups with curcumin 3 g/L or erythrosine 250 μmol/L, although the difference with PDT groups using curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L was not significant (P>0.05). Antimicrobial treatments were more effective against planktonic S. mutans than the biofilm form. Conclusion: PDT with either curcumin 1.5 g/L or erythrosine 100 μmol/L may be suggested as an alternative to CHX to inactivate the bacteria in dental plaque or deep cavities. Nano-curcumin, at the selected concentration, exhibited lower efficacy in killing S. mutans compared to Curcumin or erythrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaho Menbari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Babaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Banihashemrad
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Astuti SD, Mawaddah A, Kusumawati I, Mahmud AF, Nasution AMT, Purwanto B, Susilo Y, Yaqubi AK, Syahrom A. Fluorescent microscopy evaluation of diode laser effect on the penetration depth of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract cream on skin tissues of Wistar rats. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:79. [PMID: 38393433 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The study investigates the effect of diode laser exposure on curcumin's skin penetration, using turmeric extraction as a light-sensitive chemical and various laser light sources. It uses an in vivo skin analysis method on Wistar strain mice. The lasers are utilized at wavelengths of 403 nm, 523 nm, 661 nm, and 979 nm. The energy densities of the lasers are 20.566 J/cm2, 20.572 J/cm2, 21.162 J/cm2, and 21.298 J/cm2, which are comparable to one another. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: base cream (BC), turmeric extract cream (TEC), and the combination laser (L), BC, and TEC treatment group. Combination light source (LS) with cream (C) was performed with 8 combinations namely 523 nm ((L1 + BC) and (L1 + TEC)), 661 nm ((L2 + BC) and (L2 + TEC)), 403 nm ((L3 + BC) and (L3 + TEC)), and 979 nm ((L4 + BC) and (L4 + TEC)). The study involved applying four laser types to cream-covered and turmeric extract-coated rat skin, with samples scored for analysis. The study found that both base cream and curcumin cream had consistent pH values of 7-8, within the skin's range, and curcumin extract cream had lower viscosity. The results of the statistical analysis of Kruskal-Wallis showed a significant value (p < 0.05), which means that there are at least two different laser treatments. The results of the post hoc analysis with Mann-Whitney showed that there was no significant difference in the LS treatment with the addition of BC or TEC when compared to the BC or TEC treatment alone (p > 0.05), while the treatment using BC and TEC showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Laser treatment affects the penetration of the turmeric extract cream into the rat skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryani Dyah Astuti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Amiliyatul Mawaddah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Idha Kusumawati
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Amalia Fitriana Mahmud
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Bambang Purwanto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Yunus Susilo
- Faculty of Engineering, Dr Soetomo University, Surabaya, 60118, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Khalil Yaqubi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60,115, Indonesia
| | - Ardiansyah Syahrom
- Medical Devices and Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Bahru, Malaysia
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Wang YZ, An XL, Fan XT, Pu Q, Li H, Liu WZ, Chen Z, Su JQ. Visible light-activated photosensitizer inhibits the plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132564. [PMID: 37734313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of plasmid transfer, including transformation and conjugation, is essential to prevent the spread of plasmid-encoded antimicrobial resistance. Photosensitizers have been successfully used in the treatment of serious infectious diseases, however, the effects of photosensitizers on the plasmid transfer are still elusive. In this study, we determined the transformation and conjugation efficiency of plasmid pUC19 and pRP4, respectively, when exposed to a photosensitizer (Visible Light-activated Rose Bengal, VLRB). The results showed that the activation of VLRB resulted in up to a 580-fold decrease in the transformation frequency of pUC19 and a 10-fold decrease in the conjugation frequency of pRP4 compared with the non-VLRB control. The inhibition of pUC19 transformation by VLRB exhibited a dose-dependent manner and was attributed to the changes in the plasmid conformation. The inhibition of pRP4 conjugation was associated with the generation of extracellular free radicals, induced oxidative stress, suppression of the mating pair formation gene (trbBp) and DNA transfer and replication gene (trfAp), and enhanced expression of the global regulatory genes (korA, korB, and trbA). These findings highlight the potential of visible light-activated photosensitizer for mitigating the dissemination of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ribeiro IS, Muniz IPR, Galantini MPL, Gonçalves CV, Lima PHB, Silva ES, Silva NR, Rosa FCS, Rosa LP, Costa DJ, Amaral JG, da Silva RAA. Characterization of Brazilian green propolis as a photosensitizer for LED light-induced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2877-2890. [PMID: 37923909 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Its significant adaptability and the development of resistance are the main factors linked to its spread and the challenges in its treatment. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative. This work aimed to characterize the antimicrobial photodynamic activity of Brazilian green propolis, along with the key bioactive compounds associated with this activity. Initially, a scanning spectrometry was conducted to assess the wavelengths with the potential to activate green propolis. Subsequently, reference strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300) and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA ATCC 700699) were exposed to varying concentrations of green propolis: 1 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 50 µg /mL and 100 µg/mL and were stimulated by blue, green or red LED light. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, along with classic molecular networking analysis, was performed to identify potential bioactive molecules with photodynamic activity. Brazilian green propolis exhibits a pronounced absorption peak and heightened photo-responsiveness when exposed to blue light within the range of 400 nm and 450 nm. This characteristic reveals noteworthy significant photodynamic activity against MRSA and VISA at concentrations from 5 µg/mL. Furthermore, the propolis comprises compounds like curcumin and other flavonoids sourced from flavone, which possess the potential for photodynamic activity and other antimicrobial functions. Consequently, Brazilian green propolis holds promise as an excellent bactericidal agent, displaying a synergistic antibacterial property enhanced by light-induced photodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Do Sul da Bahia, Campus Paulo Freire, 250 Praça Joana Angélica, Bairro São José, 45.988-058, Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Igor Pereira Ribeiro Muniz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Maria Poliana Leite Galantini
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Caroline Vieira Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Bispo Lima
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Emely Soares Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Nathalia Rosa Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Francine Cristina Silva Rosa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Luciano Pereira Rosa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Dirceu Joaquim Costa
- Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Av. Edmundo Silveira Flores, 27-43-Lot, Alto da Boa Vista, CEP: 45029-066, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Juliano Geraldo Amaral
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Robson Amaro Augusto da Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira-Instituto Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45.029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil.
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Klein M, Al-Ahmad A, Follo M, Hellwig E, Vach K, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. In Vitro Eradication of Planktonic, Saliva and Biofilm Bacteria Using Lingonberry Extract as a Photosensitizer for Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A Irradiation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4988. [PMID: 38068846 PMCID: PMC10708215 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) with visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation (VIS-wIRA) and natural single- or multi-component photosensitizers (PSs) was shown to have potent antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the antimicrobial effects of aPDT-VIS-wIRA with lingonberry extract (LE) against bacteria that play a role in oral health. Planktonic bacterial cultures of the Gram-positive E. faecalis T9, S. mutans DSM20523, S. oralis ATCC 35037 and S. sobrinus PSM 203513, the Gram-negative N. oralis 14F2 FG-15-7B, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and V. parvula DSM, the anaerobic F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and V. parvula DSM 2008, and the total mixed bacteria from pooled saliva and supra- and subgingival plaques of volunteers were all treated and compared. aPDT-VIS-wIRA with LE as PS significantly (p < 0.008) reduced the growth of all tested Gram-positive, Gram-negative, as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains, whereas without irradiation no reductions were seen (p < 0.0001). NaCl, with or without irradiation, was ineffective. After treatment with CHX 0.2%, the highest killing rate (100%) was observed, and no bacteria (0 log10 CFU) were cultivable. The method also significantly reduced all of the bacteria present in saliva and in the gingival biofilms. Three-dimensional visualization of viable and non-viable microorganisms revealed that LE penetrated deeper into the cell wall layers than CHX 0.2%. LE was an appropriate PS for eradicating microorganisms with VIS-wIRA, either in their planktonic form or in saliva and gingival plaque biofilms. These results encourage further investigation in order to determine which LE compounds contribute to the photosensitizing effect and to evaluate the size of the effect on maintaining oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Klein
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Marie Follo
- Lighthouse Core Facility, Department of Medicine I, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center of the University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
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10
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Comeau P, Manso A. A Systematic Evaluation of Curcumin Concentrations and Blue Light Parameters towards Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Cariogenic Microorganisms. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2707. [PMID: 38140048 PMCID: PMC10747634 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a highly preventable and costly disease. Unfortunately, the current management strategies are inadequate at reducing the incidence and new minimally invasive strategies are needed. In this study, a systematic evaluation of specific light parameters and aqueous curcumin concentrations for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was conducted. Aqueous solutions of curcumin were first prepared and evaluated for their light absorbance after applying different ~56 mW/cm2 blue light treatments in a continuous application mode. Next, these same light treatments as well as different application modes were applied to the curcumin solutions and the molar absorptivity coefficient, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Streptococcus mutans and the MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for Candida albicans were measured. After up to 1 min of light treatment, the molar absorptivity of curcumin when added to culture media was lower than that for water only; however, at higher energy levels, this difference was not apparent. There was a noted dependence on both ROS type and cariogenic microorganism species on the sensitivity to both blue light treatment and application mode. In conclusion, this study provides new information towards improving the agonistic potential of aPDT associated with curcumin against cariogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Comeau
- Department of Oral Health Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adriana Manso
- Department of Oral Health Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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11
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Quintana RM, Scarparo RK, Münchow EA, Pinheiro LS, Tavares CO, Kopper PMP. Does aPDT reduce bacterial load in endodontic infected teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:268. [PMID: 37981598 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review investigated whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) after chemomechanical root canal disinfection (CD) yields a greater microbial load reduction than only CD. An electronic literature search was conducted on four databases up to November 2022, with no language or publication date restrictions. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included if participants had a primary endodontic infection in permanent teeth, and if microbial loads before and after using aPDT were compared. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts to determine study eligibility. Assessments included risk of bias and methodological quality. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181783). Eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and six were eligible for meta-analysis. In the random effects model, aPDT significantly improved the results of root canal disinfection when compared with standard protocols for cleaning and shaping (p = 0.04, 95% CI -1.72, -0.05). Subgroup analysis suggested that aPDT has a better effect on reducing the load of anaerobic microorganisms (p = 0.003, 95% CI -3.36, -0.69). The use of aPDT as an adjunct to chemomechanical disinfection promotes additional reduction of the microbial load and, therefore, seems to improve the results of root canal treatments in permanent teeth with a primary endodontic infection. However, certainty of evidence should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Martins Quintana
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Kochenborger Scarparo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Siqueira Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cauana Oliva Tavares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Maria Poli Kopper
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcellos, 2492. Santa Cecícila, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Algorri JF, López-Higuera JM, Rodríguez-Cobo L, Cobo A. Advanced Light Source Technologies for Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancer Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2075. [PMID: 37631289 PMCID: PMC10458875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly popular dermatological treatment not only used for life-threatening skin conditions and other tumors but also for cosmetic purposes. PDT has negligible effects on underlying functional structures, enabling tissue regeneration feasibility. PDT uses a photosensitizer (PS) and visible light to create cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, which can damage cellular organelles and trigger cell death. The foundations of modern photodynamic therapy began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in recent times, it has gained more attention due to the development of new sources and PSs. This review focuses on the latest advancements in light technology for PDT in treating skin cancer lesions. It discusses recent research and developments in light-emitting technologies, their potential benefits and drawbacks, and their implications for clinical practice. Finally, this review summarizes key findings and discusses their implications for the use of PDT in skin cancer treatment, highlighting the limitations of current approaches and providing insights into future research directions to improve both the efficacy and safety of PDT. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT for skin cancer treatment, covering various aspects ranging from the underlying mechanisms to the latest technological advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Luís Rodríguez-Cobo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adolfo Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Glowacka-Sobotta A, Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Michalak M, Wysocki M, Güzel E, Sobotta L. Nanotechnology for Dentistry: Prospects and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2130. [PMID: 37513141 PMCID: PMC10383982 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity-human squamous carcinoma-is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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14
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Piksa M, Lian C, Samuel IC, Pawlik KJ, Samuel IDW, Matczyszyn K. The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1697-1722. [PMID: 36779328 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. APDT uses light to excite a light-activated chemical (photosensitiser), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many APDT studies confirm its efficacy in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. However, the development of the field is focused on exploring potential targets and developing new photosensitisers. The role of light, a crucial element for ROS production, has been neglected. What are the main parameters essential for effective photosensitiser activation? Does an optimal light radiant exposure exist? And finally, which light source is best? Many reports have described the promising antibacterial effects of APDT in vitro, however, its application in vivo, especially in clinical settings remains very limited. The restricted availability may partially be due to a lack of standard conditions or protocols, arising from the diversity of selected photosensitising agents (PS), variable testing conditions including light sources used for PS activation and methods of measuring anti-bacterial activity and their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on APDT associated with the light source used. We show how the reduction of pathogens depends on the light source applied, radiant exposure and irradiance of light used, and type of pathogen, and so critically appraise the current state of development of APDT and areas to be addressed in future studies. We anticipate that further standardisation of the experimental conditions will help the field advance, and suggest key optical and biological parameters that should be reported in all APDT studies. More in vivo and clinical studies are needed and are expected to be facilitated by advances in light sources, leading to APDT becoming a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option for bacterial and other microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piksa
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Imogen C Samuel
- School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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15
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Reina BD, Santezi C, Malheiros SS, Calixto G, Rodero C, Victorelli FD, Chorilli M, Dovigo LN. Liquid crystal precursor system as a vehicle for curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation of oral biofilms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200040. [PMID: 36169026 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has great potential as a photosensitizer, but it has low solubility in aqueous solutions. This study reports the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) mediated by a curcumin-loaded liquid crystal precursor (LCP) on in situ dental biofilms. Thirty volunteers used intraoral devices containing enamel samples for 48 hours for biofilm formation. The samples were then removed from the device and treated either with LCP with 160 μM of curcumin plus illumination at 18 J/cm2 (C + L+ group) or with LCP without curcumin in the dark (C - L - group). Following this, the biofilm from the samples was plated for quantifying the viable colonies at 37°C for 48 hours. Specific and nonspecific media were used for the presumptive isolation of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species/aciduric microorganisms, Candida species, and total microbiota. The C + L+ group showed a highly significant (P < .001) reduction in the log10 (colony forming units/mL) values as compared to the C - L - group for all culture media. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that there may be predictors at individual volunteer level explaining the difference in the PDI efficacy among different individuals (P = .001). The LCP system retained curcumin and released it slowly and continuously, thus protecting the drug from photodegradation. LCP with curcumin is considered effective for the photoinactivation of dental biofilms, but the PDI efficacy may differ based on the host's individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Santezi
- Independent Researcher at the Moment of the Submission (Unaffiliated Researcher), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santana Malheiros
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Giovana Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Francesca Damiani Victorelli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Diarylureas: New Promising Small Molecules against Streptococcus mutans for the Treatment of Dental Caries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010112. [PMID: 36671313 PMCID: PMC9855158 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated disease that represents a worldwide oral health issue. Streptococcus mutans has been ascertained as the main cariogenic pathogen responsible for human dental caries, with a high ability to form biofilms, regulated by the quorum sensing. Diarylureas represent a class of organic compounds that show numerous biological activities, including the antimicrobial one. Two small molecules belonging to this class, specifically to diphenylureas, BPU (1,3-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea) and DMTU (1,3-di-m-tolyl-urea), showed interesting results in studies regarding the antimicrobial activity against the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans. Since there are not many antimicrobials used for the prevention and treatment of caries, further studies on these two interesting compounds and other diarylureas against S. mutans may be useful to design new effective agents for the treatment of caries with generally low cytotoxicity.
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17
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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18
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D’Ercole S, Carlesi T, Dotta TC, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Tripodi D, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Petrini M. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Red Led in Endodontics: A Narrative Review and Case Report. Gels 2022; 8:697. [PMID: 36354605 PMCID: PMC9689491 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to discuss the main factors involving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light and its application in endodontic treatment through a narrative review and a case report. Persistence of microorganisms remaining on chemical-mechanical preparation or intracanal dressing is reported as the leading cause of failure in endodontics. Photodynamic therapy has become a promising antimicrobial strategy as an aid to endodontic treatment. Being easy and quick to apply, it can be used both in a single session and in several sessions, as well as not allowing forms of microbial resistance. 5-aminolevulinic acid in combination with red LED light has recently been studied in many branches of medicine, with good results against numerous types of bacteria including Enterococuss faecalis. The case report showed how bacterial count of CFU decreased by half (210 CFU/mL), after 45 min of irrigation with a gel containing 5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared to the sample before irrigation (420 CFU/mL). The subsequent irradiation of red LED light for 7 min, the bacterial count was equal to 0. Thus, it is concluded that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light is effective in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teocrito Carlesi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tatiane Cristina Dotta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Nunes LP, Nunes GP, Ferrisse TM, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Cintra LTÂ, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in endodontic reintervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103014. [PMID: 35840008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in root canals disinfection in cases of endodontic retreatments. METHODS This Systematic Review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021260013) and followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMeb, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials and Cochrane Library. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCT) and by the Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) qualifier for non-RCT (prospective) studies. Meta-analysis was performed using R software, version 3.6.3 with the "META" package assistant by the RStudio platform. The odds ratio (OR) measure of effect was calculated and the random effect model was applied with a 95% confidence interval, and heterogeneity tested by the I2 index. The certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. RESULTS Regarding the 1513 studies screened, 10 met the eligibility criteria and were included, and 8 used in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that all of studies data presented a significant difference before and after of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the microbial load reduction in secondary endondontic infections (OR 0.15 [0.07; 0.32], p < 0.0001). Overall, the studies had a low risk of bias and, the analysis of evidence by GRADE assessment was rated as moderate. CONCLUSION It is suggested that aPDT is a beneficial and promising tool, showing efficacy in reducing the microbial load in cases of endodontic retreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Dong W, Shen S, Meng F, Wang J, Yang K, Lin D. Enhancement of E. coli inactivation by photosensitized erythrosine-based solar disinfection under weakly acidic conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118125. [PMID: 35123381 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective disinfection technology is urgently needed in poor rural areas. Erythrosine (ERY)-based solar disinfection (SODIS) provides a promising solution because of its effective inactivation of viruses and gram-positive bacteria at low cost. However, the poor gram-negative bacteria (G-, e.g., Escherichia coli) inactivation of photosensitized ERY inhibits its application. Herein, for the first time, the protonation of ERY was found to greatly enhance its G- inactivation, and 99.99999% (7.0 log) of E. coli were completely inactivated within only 30 s using 2.5 mg/L ERY under 200 mW/cm2 visible light irradiation. The inactivation rate constant (k) reached 17.5 min-1 at pH 4.0, which was 4730 times higher than that at pH 7.0. At a lower pH, more severe cell wall and genomic DNA damage was observed. A linear correlation between k and monoanionic ERY (HE-) content was obtained, indicating that HE- rather than dianionic ERY (E2-) participated in the inactivation at pH 5.0-7.0, which was further explained by the higher production of reactive oxygen species and bacterial adsorption of HE- than E2-. Both 1O2 and O2-• dominated bacterial inactivation, contributing 56.8% and 43.2%, respectively. O2-• but not 1O2 caused ERY photobleaching. OH• was not involved in either inactivation or photobleaching. Humic acid and salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, and MgCl2) slightly inhibited inactivation, while NaHCO3 accelerated inactivation. Complete inactivation (99.9999%) of E. coli was achieved within ∼30 min at pH 5.0 in ERY-based SODIS with good adaptation to various water matrices and weather (sunny or partly cloudy). This work will help to promote the application of ERY-based disinfection especially for SODIS in poor rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuyi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanxu Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China.
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Legabão BC, Fernandes JA, de Oliveira Barbosa GF, Bonfim-Mendonça PS, Svidzinski TI. The zoonosis sporotrichosis can be successfully treated by photodynamic therapy: A scoping review. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106341. [PMID: 35131203 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a worldwide zoonosis, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in human and feline cases reported in Brazil. Despite this, the antifungal treatment for sporotrichosis is still limited, and thus, research into new therapeutic modalities must be encouraged. Recently, photodynamic therapy has been introduced as a treatment for sporotrichosis. This work presents an overview of both in vitro and in vivo studies that have used photodynamic therapy in the context of photoinactivation of Sporothrix species. Until now, as far as the authors are aware, this is the first scope review specifically on photodynamic therapy for the treatment of sporotrichosis. A systematic electronic search was conducted in two databases: Web of Science and PubMed. Seven original articles published from 2010 to July 2021 were selected, six of which met the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria and were considered in this scoping review. Concerning the photoinactivation of Sporothrix spp. the results have been promising as studies, in both animals and humans, have reported significant clinical and mycological effects. The most used photosensitizers were methylene blue and its derivatives, and aminolevulinic acid and its methyl derivative, methyl aminolevulinic acid. In conclusion, photodynamic therapy has great potential in treatment of sporotrichosis, as its fungicidal effect both in vitro and in vivo has clearly been demonstrated. Photodynamic therapy could be used in conjunction with classic antifungal agents to optimize treatment outcomes.
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Fan S, Lin W, Huang Y, Xia J, Xu JF, Zhang J, Pi J. Advances and Potentials of Polydopamine Nanosystem in Photothermal-Based Antibacterial Infection Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829712. [PMID: 35321326 PMCID: PMC8937035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains one of the most dangerous threats to human health due to the increasing cases of bacterial resistance, which is caused by the extensive use of current antibiotics. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is similar to photodynamic therapy (PDT), but PTT can generate heat energy under the excitation of light of specific wavelength, resulting in overheating and damage to target cells or sites. Polydopamine (PDA) has been proved to show plenty of advantages, such as simple preparation, good photothermal conversion effects, high biocompatibility, and easy functionalization and adhesion. Taking these advantages, dopamine is widely used to synthesize the PDA nanosystem with excellent photothermal effects, good biocompatibility, and high drug loading ability, which therefore play more and more important roles for anticancer and antibacterial treatment. PDA nanosystem-mediated PTT has been reported to induce significant tumor inhibition, as well as bacterial killings due to PTT-induced hyperthermia. Moreover, combined with other cancer or bacterial inhibition strategies, PDA nanosystem-mediated PTT can achieve more effective tumor and bacterial inhibitions. In this review, we summarized the progress of preparation methods for the PDA nanosystem, followed by advances of their biological functions and mechanisms for PTT uses, especially in the field of antibacterial treatments. We also provided advances on how to combine PDA nanosystem-mediated PTT with other antibacterial methods for synergistic bacterial killings. Moreover, we further provide some prospects of PDA nanosystem-mediated PTT against intracellular bacteria, which might be helpful to facilitate their future research progress for antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun-Fa Xu
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Junai Zhang, ; Jiang Pi,
| | - Junai Zhang
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Junai Zhang, ; Jiang Pi,
| | - Jiang Pi
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Junai Zhang, ; Jiang Pi,
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23
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Ahangari Z, Asnaashari M, Akbarian Rad N, Shokri M, Azari-Marhabi S, Asnaashari N. Investigating the Antibacterial Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation, Photodynamic Therapy and Their Combination on Root Canal Disinfection. J Lasers Med Sci 2022; 12:e81. [PMID: 35155166 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium associated with persistent endodontic infections. Conventional disinfection methods may not completely eradicate the bacteria within the root canal system. Therefore, novel modalities have been suggested to optimize root canal disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and their combination in addition to conventional endodontic irrigation against E. faecalis biofilms in root canals. Methods: Root canals of 50 single-rooted extracted human teeth were prepared and incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. They were then divided into 4 treatment groups and a control group as follows: (1) NaOCl-Syringe irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, (2) PUI-Passive ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl, (3) NaOCl+PDT-Photodynamic therapy following syringe irrigation with NaOCl, (4) PUI+PDT, (5) Control-Syringe irrigation with saline. Colony-forming units were counted and bacterial reduction was calculated for each treatment group. Results: All treatments led to significant reductions in the bacterial load compared to the control group. PUI and PUI+PDT led to the complete elimination of the bacteria from the root canals. NaOCl and NaOCl+PDT treatments reduced the bacteria by 99.9% and 99.5% respectively. NaOCl+PDT was significantly less effective in reducing the bacteria compared to other treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the NaOCl, PUI, and PUI+PDT groups. Conclusion: Passive ultrasonic irrigation with or without the combination of Photodynamic therapy completely eradicated the bacteria. The use of PDT as an adjunction to NaOCl syringe irrigation and PUI did not enhance their antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ahangari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Akbarian Rad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shokri
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) as a promising alternative to current pharmaceuticals for the treatment of resistant microorganisms. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 79:65-103. [PMID: 35095189 PMCID: PMC8787646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the whole world is currently observing the global battle against COVID-19, it should not be underestimated that in the next 30 years, approximately 10 million people per year could be exposed to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. As new antibiotics come under pressure from unpredictable resistance patterns and relegation to last-line therapy, immediate action is needed to establish a radically different approach to countering resistant microorganisms. Among the most widely explored alternative methods for combating bacterial infections are metal complexes and nanoparticles, often in combination with light, but strategies using monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages are increasingly gaining acceptance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) uses light and a dye termed a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the field of illumination that eventually kill microorganisms. Over the past few years, hundreds of photomaterials have been investigated, seeking ideal strategies based either on single molecules (e.g., tetrapyrroles, metal complexes) or in combination with various delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most recent advances of PDI, focusing on the design of suitable photosensitizers, their formulations, and their potential to inactivate bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Particular attention is focused on the compounds and materials developed in our laboratories that are capable of killing in the exponential growth phase (up to seven logarithmic units) of bacteria without loss of efficacy or resistance, while being completely safe for human cells. Prospectively, PDI using these photomaterials could potentially cure infected wounds and oral infections caused by various multidrug-resistant bacteria. It is also possible to treat the surfaces of medical equipment with the materials described, in order to disinfect them with light, and reduce the risk of nosocomial infections.
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Manso AP, Leite ML, Comeau P, Dietrich C, Ghaffari S, Lange D, Branda N. Exploring the use of a Ruthenium complex incorporated into a methacrylate-based dental material for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221112989. [PMID: 35856607 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a blue light photosensitizer (PS), Ruthenium II complex (Ru), on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of experimental dental resin blends. METHODS The experimental resin (BisEMA, TEEGDMA, HPMA, ethanol, and photoinitiator) was loaded with Ru at 0.00%, 0.07%, 0.14%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% w/w. Samples were evaluated for the degree of conversion (DC) after 30 and 60 s curing-time (n = 6). Selected formulations (0.00%, 0.28%, 0.56%, 1.12%) were further tested for shear bond strength (SBS) (n = 15); flexural strength (FS) (n = 12); and antimicrobial properties (CFUs), in dark and light conditions. These latter tests were performed on specimens stored for 24-h or 2-month in 37°C water. Water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) tests were also performed (n = 12). Data were analyzed either by a one- or two-factor general linear model (α = 0.05). RESULTS Overall, Ru concentration above 1.2% resulted in reduced DC. In SBS results, only the 1.12%Ru resin blend samples had statistically lower values compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend at 24-h storage (p = 0.004). In addition, no differences in SBS were detected among the experimental groups after 2-month storage in water. Meanwhile, FS increased for all experimental groups under similar aging conditions (p < 0.001). Antimicrobial properties were improved upon inclusion of Ru and application of light (p < 0.001 for both) at 24-h and 2-month storage. Lastly, no detectable changes in WS or SL were observed for the Ru-added resins compared to the 0.00%Ru resin blend. However, the 0.28% Ru blend presented significantly higher WS compared to the 0.56% Ru blend (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Stable SBS, improved FS, and sustained antimicrobial properties after aging gives significant credence to our approach of adding the Ruthenium II complex into dental adhesive resin blends intended for an aPDT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Luísa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia Comeau
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claudia Dietrich
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sahand Ghaffari
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- Department of Urological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Neil Branda
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Zhu S, Song Y, Pei J, Xue F, Cui X, Xiong X, Li C. The application of photodynamic inactivation to microorganisms in food. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100150. [PMID: 34761205 PMCID: PMC8566761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria were summarized. Key factors influencing the PDI effects were firstly reviewed. Photosensitizers which can be applied in food products for PDI are summarized. Application of PDI in various food substrates are also reviewed.
Nowadays, food safety issues have drawn increased attention due to the continual occurrence of infectious diseases caused by foodborne pathogens, which is an important factor causing food safety hazard. Meanwhile, the emergence of an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a worrisome phenomenon. Therefore, it is imperative to find new technologies with low-cost to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and prevent cross-contamination. Compared with traditional preservatives, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel and promising strategy to eliminate foodborne pathogens with advantages such as non-toxic and low microbial resistance, which also meets the demand of current consumers for green treatment. Over the past few years, reports of using this technology for food safety have increased rapidly. This review summarizes recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation of foodborne microorganisms. The mechanisms, factors influencing PDI and the application of different photosensitizers (PSs) in different food substrates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yukang Song
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiliu Pei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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Enhancement of photodynamic bactericidal activity of curcumin against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa using polymyxin B. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102677. [PMID: 34890782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, which can cause bacterial skin diseases such as green nail syndrome, interdigital infections and folliculitis. Curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been demonstrated as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of skin infection though its inactivation of gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the adjuvant effect of polymyxin B on the antibacterial activity of curcumin-mediated aPDT against P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was treated with curcumin in the presence of 0.1-0.5 mg/L polymyxin B and irradiated by blue LED light (10 J/cm2). Bacterial cultures treated with curcumin alone served as controls. Colony forming units (CFU) were counted and the viability of P. aeruginosa was calculated after aPDT treatment. The possible underlying mechanisms for the enhanced killing effects were also explored. RESULTS The killing effects of curcumin-mediated aPDT against P. aeruginosa was significantly enhanced by polymyxin B (over 2-log reductions). Moreover, it was also observed that addition of polymyxin B in the curcumin-mediated aPDT led to the apparent bacterial membrane damage with increased leakage of cytoplasmic contents and extensive DNA and protein degradation. DISCUSSION The photodynamic action of curcumin against P. aeruginosa could be significantly enhanced by the FDA-approved drug polymyxin B. Our results highlight the potential of introducing polymyxin B to enhance the effects of aPDT treatment against gram-negative skin infections, in particular, P. aeruginosa.
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Dental-Plaque Decontamination around Dental Brackets Using Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312847. [PMID: 34886573 PMCID: PMC8657741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: In orthodontic therapy, the enamel around brackets is very susceptible to bacterial-plaque retention, which represents a risk factor for dental tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylene blue and a chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture, used with and without light activation, in contrast with a 2% chlorhexidine solution, on Streptococcus mutans colonies. Methods: Twenty caries-free human extracted teeth were randomized into five groups. A Streptococcus mutans suspension was inoculated on teeth in groups B, C, D, and E (A was the positive-control group). Bacterial colonies from groups C, D, and E (B was the negative-control group) were subjected to photosensitizers and 2% chlorhexidine solution. For groups C and D, a combined therapy consisting of photosensitizer and light activation was performed. The Streptococcus mutans colonies were counted, and smears were examined with an optical microscope. Two methods of statistical analysis, unidirectional analysis of variance and the Tukey–Kramer test, were used to evaluate the results. Results: A statistically significant reduction in bacterial colonies was detected after the combined therapy was applied for groups C and D, but the most marked bacterial reduction was observed for group D, where a laser-activated chlorophyll–phycocyanin mixture was used. Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy in combination with methylene blue or chlorophyllin–phycocyanin mixture sensitizers induces a statistically significant decrease in the number of bacterial colonies.
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Carobeli LR, Meirelles LEDF, Damke GMZF, Damke E, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mashiba KH, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Souza RP, da Silva VRS, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Consolaro MEL. Phthalocyanine and Its Formulations: A Promising Photosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122057. [PMID: 34959339 PMCID: PMC8705941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite advances in current therapies, women with advanced or recurrent disease present poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological diseases such as cervical cancer. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are considered good photosensitizers (PS) for PDT, although most of them present high levels of aggregation and are lipophilic. Despite many investigations and encouraging results, Pcs have not been approved as PS for PDT of invasive cervical cancer yet. This review presents an overview on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and summarizes the most recent developments on the physicochemical properties of Pcs and biological results obtained both in vitro in tumor-bearing mice and in clinical tests reported in the last five years. Current evidence indicates that Pcs have potential as pharmaceutical agents for anti-cervical cancer therapy. The authors firmly believe that Pc-based formulations could emerge as a privileged scaffold for the establishment of lead compounds for PDT against different types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara R. Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Lyvia E. de F. Meirelles
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle M. Z. F. Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria V. F. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Natália L. Mari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kayane H. Mashiba
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Cristiane S. Shinobu-Mesquita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Vânia R. S. da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Renato S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Márcia E. L. Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-5455
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Souza TH, Sarmento-Neto JF, Souza SO, Raposo BL, Silva BP, Borges CP, Santos BS, Cabral Filho PE, Rebouças JS, Fontes A. Advances on antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by Zn(II) porphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Drzewiecka-Matuszek A, Rutkowska-Zbik D. Application of TD-DFT Theory to Studying Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:7176. [PMID: 34885763 PMCID: PMC8658767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important focus for innovation in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is theoretical investigations. They employ mostly methods based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) to study the photochemical properties of photosensitizers. In the current article we review the existing state-of-the-art TD-DFT methods (and beyond) which are employed to study the properties of porphyrinoid-based systems. The review is organized in such a way that each paragraph is devoted to a separate aspect of the PDT mechanism, e.g., correct prediction of the absorption spectra, determination of the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing, and interaction with molecular oxygen. Aspects of the calculation schemes are discussed, such as the choice of the most suitable functional and inclusion of a solvent. Finally, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods used to explore the photochemistry of porphyrinoid-based systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
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Recent advances in supramolecular activatable phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers for anti-cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sharab L, Baier RE, Ciancio S, Mang T. Influence of Photodynamic Therapy on Bacterial Attachment to Titanium Surface. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:427-435. [PMID: 33031506 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sharab
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken
| | - Robert E Baier
- Biomaterials Graduate Program, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
| | - Sebastian Ciancio
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
| | - Thomas Mang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
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Hashemkhani M, Demirci G, Bayir A, Muti A, Sennaroglu A, Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. Cetuximab-Ag 2S quantum dots for fluorescence imaging and highly effective combination of ALA-based photodynamic/chemo-therapy of colorectal cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14879-14899. [PMID: 34533177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and urgently needs better therapeutic approaches. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already used in the clinic for several cancers but not yet well investigated for CRC. Currently, systemic administration of ALA offers a limited degree of tumour selectivity, except for intracranial tumours, limiting its wider use in the clinic. The combination of effective ALA-PDT and chemotherapy may provide a promising alternative approach for CRC treatment. Herein, theranostic Ag2S quantum dots (AS-2MPA) optically trackable in near-infrared (NIR), conjugated with endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting Cetuximab (Cet) and loaded with ALA for PDT monotherapy or ALA/5-fluorouracil (5FU) for the combination therapy are proposed for enhanced treatment of EGFR(+) CRC. AS-2MPA-Cet exhibited excellent targeting of the high EGFR expressing cells and showed a strong intracellular signal for NIR optical detection in a comparative study performed on SW480, HCT116, and HT29 cells, which exhibit high, medium and low EGFR expression, respectively. Targeting provided enhanced uptake of the ALA loaded nanoparticles by strong EGFR expressing cells and formation of higher levels of PpIX. Cells also differ in their efficiency to convert ALA to PpIX, and SW480 was the best, followed by HT29, while HCT116 was determined as unsuitable for ALA-PDT. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 2D cell cultures and 3D spheroids of SW480 and HT29 cells using AS-2MPA with either electrostatically loaded, hydrazone or amide linked ALA to achieve different levels of pH or enzyme sensitive release. Most effective phototoxicity was observed in SW480 cells using AS-2MPA-ALA-electrostatic-Cet due to enhanced uptake of the particles, fast ALA release and effective ALA-to-PpIX conversion. Targeted delivery reduced the effective ALA concentration significantly which was further reduced with codelivery of 5FU. Delivery of ALA via covalent linkages was also effective for PDT, but required a longer incubation time for the release of ALA in therapeutic doses. Phototoxicity was correlated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Hence, both AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet based PDT and AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet-5FU based chemo/PDT combination therapy coupled with strong NIR tracking of the nanoparticles demonstrate an exceptional therapeutic effect on CRC cells and excellent potential for synergistic multistage tumour targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Demirci
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayir
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Muti
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Betancourt P, Brocal N, Sans-Serramitjana E, Zaror C. Functionalized Nanoparticles Activated by Photodynamic Therapy as an Antimicrobial Strategy in Endodontics: A Scoping Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091064. [PMID: 34572645 PMCID: PMC8472326 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eradication of endodontic pathogens continues to be the focus of the search for new root canal system (RCS) disinfection strategies. This scoping review provides a comprehensive synthesis of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative to optimize RCS disinfection. A systematic search up to March 2021 was carried out using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, and BBO databases. We included studies focused on evaluating the activation of NPs by aPDT in inoculated root canals of human or animal teeth or bacterial cultures in the laboratory. The selection process and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of seventeen studies were included, of which twelve showed a substantial antibacterial efficacy, two assessed the substantivity of the disinfection effect, and three showed low cytotoxicity. No adverse effects were reported. The use of functionalized NPs with photosensitizer molecules in aPDT has been shown to be effective in reducing the bacteria count, making it a promising alternative in endodontic disinfection. Further studies are needed to assess the development of this therapy in in vivo conditions, with detailed information about the laser parameters used to allow the development of safe and standardized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Betancourt
- Center for Research in Dental Sciences (CICO), Endodontic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Integral Adultos, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +56-45-2-325000 (P.B. & C.Z.)
| | - Nadia Brocal
- Center for Research in Dental Sciences (CICO), Endodontic Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Zaror
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +56-45-2-325000 (P.B. & C.Z.)
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Santezi C, Reina BD, de Annunzio SR, Calixto G, Chorilli M, Dovigo LN. Photodynamic potential of curcumin in bioadhesive formulations: Optical characteristics and antimicrobial effect against biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102416. [PMID: 34197966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Curcumin (CUR) has great potential as a photosensitizer, the low solubility in water impairs its clinical performance in photodynamic inactivation (PDI). This study sought to establish an effective antimicrobial protocol for PDI using CUR in three different bioadhesive formulations. METHODS A CUR-loaded chitosan hydrogel with a poloxamer (CUR-CHIH), a CUR-loaded liquid crystal precursor system (CUR-LCP), a CUR-loaded microemulsion (CUR-ME), and CUR in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution (CUR-S; control formulation) were tested against in vitro and in situ oral biofilms. The optical properties of each formulation were evaluated. RESULTS All of the formulations exhibited lower absorbance than CUR-S; however, the CUR-LCP curve bore the highest resemblance. The CUR present in all formulations was completely degraded after 15 min of illumination. In vitro experiments showed that CUR-S was the only formulation able to significantly reduce biofilm viability of Candida albicans and Lactobacillus casei when compared to the negative control (no PDI); the amount of reduction obtained was 1.8 and 3.7 log (CFU/mL) for C. albicans and L. casei, respectively. There was a significant reduction on the viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilms when CUR-S and CUR-LCP were applied (approximately 3.5 and 1.6 log [CFU/mL], respectively). In situ testing showed antimicrobial efficacy against S. mutans and general microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS Although the evaluated protocols has not been effective to all of the evaluated microorganisms, PDI showed potential against dental biofilms and evidence that the phototoxic effects of CUR have a high relation with the type of formulation in which it is loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Santezi
- Independent researcher at the moment of the submission (unaffiliated researcher)
| | - Bárbara Donadon Reina
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raquel de Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Department of Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Photo-enhanced antibacterial activity of polydopamine-curcumin nanocomposites with excellent photodynamic and photothermal abilities. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102417. [PMID: 34186263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have gradually become options for select anti-tumor and antibacterial treatment . The combination of PDT and PTT show great research value, which may greatly improve the curative effect. The aim of the present study was to prepare a compound system of polydopamine and curcumin (PDA-Cur nanocomposites) with excellent antibacterial effect towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods Dopamine hydrochloride was oxidized and self polymerized in alkaline condition to form PDA-Cur nanocomposites. The structure and morphology of PDA-Cur were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering microscopy (LSM), ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and fluorescence emission spectrometer. Using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 1,3-diphenylbenzofuran (DPBF) and 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were used to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The thermal stability of PDA-Cur nanocomposites was investigated by temperature rising test. The antibacterial effect of PDA-Cur was determined by plate counting technique using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as models. In addition, the stability and antibacterial mechanism of PDA-Cur were investigated. Finally, the biocompatibility was evaluated by cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. Results The compound system of polydopamine and curcumin was successfully prepared, which showed improved stability compared with Cur. The consumption of DPBF by the singlet oxygen produced by PDA-Cur was as high as 80%. In the heating test, the highest temperature increased to 59 °C, which contributed to the photodynamic and photothermal inactivation of bacteria. PDA-Cur nanocomposites showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Under 405 nm light, the bactericidal rate of PDA-Cur against S. aureus can reach 100% at a low concentration of 10-4 nM, and that against E. coli was 100% at 1 nM. Under 405 + 808 nm light, the bactericidal rate of PDA-Cur against E. coli enhanced to 100% at 0.1 nM. In addition, PDA-Cur had low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic activity, showing good biocompatibility. Conclusion PDA-Cur nanocomposites had good photodynamic effect, photo thermal conversion ability and biocompatibility. Compared with free Cur, the antibacterial activity of PDA-Cur was significantly improved, and the antibacterial effect with combined light was stronger than that of free Cur. Therefore, the construction of PDA-Cur nanocomposites have confirmed that the combination of PDT and PTT can greatly improve the antibacterial effect and reach bactericidal effect at low concentration, which provides a strategy for the design of next generation antimicrobial agents.
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Lai D, Zhou A, Tan BK, Tang Y, Sarah Hamzah S, Zhang Z, Lin S, Hu J. Preparation and photodynamic bactericidal effects of curcumin-β-cyclodextrin complex. Food Chem 2021; 361:130117. [PMID: 34058659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the poor water solubility of curcumin, a curcumin-β-cyclodextrin (Cur-β-CD) complex was prepared as a novel photosensitizer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to verify the formation of Cur-β-CD. Furthermore, the ROS generation capacity and photodynamic bactericidal effect were measured to confirm this Cur-β-CD complex kept photodynamic activity of curcumin. The result showed Cur-β-CD could effectively generate ROS upon blue-light irradiation. The plate count assay demonstrated Cur-β-CD complex possess desirable photodynamic antibacterial effect against food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The cell morphology determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed Cur-β-CD could cause cell deformation, surface collapse and cell structure damage of the bacteria, resulting in the leakage of cytoplasmic; while agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE further illustrated the inactivation mechanisms by Cur-β-CD involve bacterial DNA damage and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danning Lai
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Arong Zhou
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yibin Tang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siti Sarah Hamzah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Mozayeni MA, Vatandoost F, Asnaashari M, Shokri M, Azari-Marhabi S, Asnaashari N. Comparing the Efficacy of Toluidine Blue, Methylene Blue and Curcumin in Photodynamic Therapy Against Enterococcus faecalis. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 11:S49-S54. [PMID: 33995969 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a supplement to the conventional root canal preparation has shown promising results. Previous studies have adopted various combinations of light sources and photosensitizers, which makes it difficult to compare the disinfection efficacy of different PDT protocols. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three photosensitizers (toluidine blue, methylene blue, and curcumin) in PDT using LED against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection. Methods: Root canals of 54 single-rooted extracted teeth were prepared using the ProTaper Gold rotary system and were incubated with E. faecalis for three weeks. They were then randomly divided into five experimental groups and a control group: (1) Irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl for 30 seconds, (2) NaOCl irrigation followed by TB-PDT, (3) NaOCl irrigation followed by MB-PDT, (4) NaOCL irrigation followed by curcumin-PDT, (5) Curcumin solvent (1% ethanol+1% BSA), (6) Control (irrigation with normal saline). Sampling was done by collecting dentin shavings from the root canals, and colony-forming units were determined for each treatment group. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: In all treatment groups, the mean values of colony forming unit (CFU) decreased by 99% compared to the control group. The lowest mean values of CFU were observed in groups 2 and 4, followed groups 3, 1, and 5 respectively. The mean CFU count in group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 1 (P value=0.011), while there were no significant differences among groups 1, 3, and 4 (P value >0.05). Conclusion: The adjunction of toluidine blue-mediated PDT by means of a light-emitting diode to NaOCl irrigation increased its antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis and could be an effective complementary method in root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mozayeni
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vatandoost
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shokri
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Current status and future of delivery systems for prevention and treatment of infections in the oral cavity. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1703-1734. [PMID: 33770415 PMCID: PMC7995675 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral health reflects the general health, and it is fundamental to well-being and quality of life. An infection in the oral cavity can be associated with serious complications in human health. Local therapy of these infections offers many advantages over systemic drug administration, targeting directly to the diseased area while minimizing systemic side effects. Specialized drug delivery systems into the oral cavity have to be designed in such a fashion that they resist to the aqueous environment that is constantly bathed in saliva and subject to mechanical forces. Additionally, a prolonged release of drug should also be provided, which would enhance the efficacy and also decrease the repeated dosing. This review is aimed to summarize the current most relevant findings related to local drug delivery of various drug groups for prevention and treatment of infections (viral, bacterial, fungal) and infection-related manifestations in the oral cavity. Current therapeutic challenges in regard to effective local drug delivery systems will be discussed, and the recent approaches to overcome these obstacles will be reviewed. Finally, future prospects will be overviewed to promote novel strategies that can be implemented in clinical management for prevention and treatment of oral infections.
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Al Saffan A, Dewan H, Chohan H, Mustafa M, Kotha SB, Al Kheraif AA. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy, photobiomodulation and antimicrobial agent on the shear bond strength of composite restorations to hypomineralized teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102188. [PMID: 33497813 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesive bond strength and fracture analysis of resin based restorations to carious dentin of hypomineralized molars (HMs) after disinfecting with photodynamic therapy (PDT), Nd:YAG and chlorhexidine (CHX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty carious HM molars were investigated. After removal of all carious infected tissue, the cavities were condition with methylene blue initiated PDT, a 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser or 2.0% CHX gel. Non-carious dentin from HM was used as a control without performing any disinfection or conditioning technique. All samples were bonded using a one-step one-coat adhesive bond over the dentin surface, packed with composite and light cured. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling at 5°C and 60°C with a dwell time of 30 s for 10,000 cycles. Bonded specimens were placed on a universal testing machine with a flat loading head. The debonded surface were viewed under light optical microscope to estimate the type of failure including adhesive, cohesive, and admixed. RESULTS The highest mean SBS was seen in the non-carious HM (control group). The mean score for control group was 17.64 ± 2.96 MPa. The lowest bond strength value was displayed for Group-PDT (11.37 ± 3.66 MPa) and Group-Nd:YAG (12.69 ± 2.45 MPa). Affected dentin disinfected with the Group-CHX (15.71 ± 3.04 MPa) bonded with composite showed statistically significantly higher SBS values compared to the laser groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was noted with specimens disinfected with PDT and Nd:YAG laser showed comparable SBS scores (p > 0.05). Fracture analysis showed equal incidence of adhesive and cohesive failures in control group and Group-CHX. Moreover, a significant number of failures in group-PDT were related to adhesive. Whereas in group 4, admixed type failures were common. CONCLUSION Caries infected hypomineralized teeth demonstrated lower bond strength values compared to non-carious hypomineralized teeth. Adhesive bond strength of hypomineralized teeth was highest with chlorhexidine compared to other laser treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al Saffan
- Preventive Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hitesh Chohan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil Babu Kotha
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Karygianni L, Ruf S, Hellwig E, Follo M, Vach K, Al-Ahmad A. Antimicrobial Photoinactivation of In Situ Oral Biofilms by Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared A and Tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010145. [PMID: 33440906 PMCID: PMC7827502 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aPDT with visual light (VIS) + water-filtered infrared A (wIRA) as a light source, and tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS) as a photosensitizer on in situ initial and mature oral biofilms. The samples were incubated, ex situ, with THPTS for two minutes, followed by irradiation with 200 mW cm − 2 VIS + wIRA for five minutes at 37 °C. The adherent microorganisms were quantified, and the biofilm samples were visualized using live/dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The THPTS-mediated aPDT resulted in significant decreases in both the initially adherent microorganisms and the microorganisms in the mature oral biofilms, in comparison to the untreated control samples (>99.99% each; p = 0.018 and p = 0.0066, respectively). The remaining vital bacteria significantly decreased in the aPDT-treated biofilms during initial adhesion (vitality rate 9.4% vs. 71.2% untreated control, 17.28% CHX). Of the mature biofilms, 25.67% remained vital after aPDT treatment (81.97% untreated control, 16.44% CHX). High permeability of THPTS into deep layers could be shown. The present results indicate that the microbial reduction in oral initial and mature oral biofilms resulting from aPDT with VIS + wIRA in combination with THPTS has significant potential for the treatment of oral biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Sandra Ruf
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.R.); (E.H.)
| | - Marie Follo
- Lighthouse Core Facility, Department of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.R.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27048940
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Photodynamic inactivation of Streptococcus mutans by curcumin in combination with EDTA. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e1-e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Effect of photodynamic therapy on microleakage of class V composite restorations in primary teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:101964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pereira LM, Estevam LR, da Silva MF, Pinheiro SL. Polyacrylic Acid with Methylene Blue Dye as a Sensitizing Agent for Photodynamic Therapy to Reduce Streptococcus mutans in Dentinal Caries. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:687-693. [PMID: 32758049 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PA) containing 0.3% methylene blue (MB) dye as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of carious dentin. Methods: One hundred twenty molars were selected and the dentin was exposed for cariogenic challenge, where the molars were placed in brain heart infusion medium containing a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC). Samples were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 15): S: saline, PA, MB: MB 0.3%, PA+MB: PA containing 0.3% MB + LLL: irradiation with low-level laser, PDT (MB): MB 0.3% + laser, PDT (PA): PA + laser, and PDT (PA+MB): PA containing 0.3% MB + laser. Carious dentin was collected before and after exposure to S. mutans. All samples of carious dentin were homogenized, diluted, and seeded in mitis salivarius bacitracin medium, and the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 15 days in anaerobic jars. The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis. Results: The percent microbial reduction achieved with each treatment was as follows: PDT (MB), 53.62%; PDT (PA+MB), 50.47%; PDT (PA), 46.73%; PA, 38.51%; MB, 19.75%; PA+MB, 17.18%; LLL, 12.83%; S, 5.99%. The greatest reductions in S. mutans growth occurred with PDT (MB), PDT (PA+MB), and PDT (PA) when compared to the S group (p = 0.0002, 0.0023, and 0.0232, respectively). Conclusions: PA containing 0.3% MB can be used as a photosensitizer for PDT to reduce S. mutans burden in carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martins Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rodriguez Estevam
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Franco da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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Balhaddad AA, AlQranei MS, Ibrahim MS, Weir MD, Martinho FC, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Light Energy Dose and Photosensitizer Concentration Are Determinants of Effective Photo-Killing against Caries-Related Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207612. [PMID: 33076241 PMCID: PMC7589159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries-related biofilms and associated complications are significant threats in dentistry, especially when biofilms grow over dental restorations. The inhibition of cariogenic biofilm associated with the onset of carious lesions is crucial for preventing disease recurrence after treatment. This in vitro study defined optimized parameters for using a photosensitizer, toluidine blue O (TBO), activated via a red light-emitting diode (LED)-based wireless device to control the growth of cariogenic biofilms. The effect of TBO concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) exposed to light or incubated in the dark was investigated in successive cytotoxicity assays. Then, a mature Streptococcus mutans biofilm model under sucrose challenge was treated with different TBO concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μg/mL), different light energy doses (36, 108, and 180 J/cm2), and different incubation times before irradiation (1, 3, and 5 min). The untreated biofilm, irradiation with no TBO, and TBO incubation with no activation represented the controls. After treatments, biofilms were analyzed via S. mutans colony-forming units (CFUs) and live/dead assay. The percentage of cell viability was within the normal range compared to the control when 50 and 100 μg/mL of TBO were used. Increasing the TBO concentration and energy dose was associated with biofilm inhibition (p < 0.001), while increasing incubation time did not contribute to bacterial elimination (p > 0.05). Irradiating the S. mutans biofilm via 100 μg/mL of TBO and ≈180 J/cm2 energy dose resulted in ≈3-log reduction and a higher amount of dead/compromised S. mutans colonies in live/dead assay compared to the control (p < 0.001). The light energy dose and TBO concentration optimized the bacterial elimination of S. mutans biofilms. These results provide a perspective on the determining parameters for highly effective photo-killing of caries-related biofilms and display the limitations imposed by the toxicity of the antibacterial photodynamic therapy’s chemical components. Future studies should support investigations on new approaches to improve or overcome the constraints of opportunities offered by photodynamic inactivation of caries-related biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. AlQranei
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria S. Ibrahim
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Frederico C. Martinho
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.A.S.M.)
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.A.S.M.)
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Silva Teófilo MÍ, de Carvalho Russi TMAZ, de Barros Silva PG, Balhaddad AA, Melo MAS, Rolim JPML. The Impact of Photosensitizer Selection on Bactericidal Efficacy Of PDT against Cariogenic Biofilms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102046. [PMID: 33031937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are investigations on multiple photosensitizers for modulation of caries-related biofilms using PDT. However, much controversy remains about recommended parameters mostly on the selection of an efficient photosensitizer. OBJECTIVE The study performed a systematic review to identify the answer to the following question: What photosensitizers present high bactericidal efficacy against cariogenic biofilms? METHODS Systematic review with meta-analyses were carried out for English language articles from October to December 2019 (PRISMA standards) using MEDLINE, Scopus, Biomed Central, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. Information on study design, biofilm model, photosensitizer, light source, energy delivery, the incubation time for photosensitizer, and bacterial reduction outcomes were recorded. We performed two meta-analyses to compare bacterial reduction, data was expressed by (1) base 10 Logarithm values and (2) Log reduction RESULTS: After the eligibility criteria were applied (PEDro scale), the selected studies showed that toluidine Blue Ortho (TBO) and methylene blue (MBO) (5-min incubation time and 5-min irradiation) demonstrated better bacterial reduction outcomes. For the data expressed by Log TBO, MBO, curcumin, and Photogem® presented a significant bacterial decrease in comparison to the control (p = 0.042). For the data represented by Log reduction, the bacterial reduction toward S.mutans was not significant for any photosensitizer (p = 0.679). CONCLUSION The lack of methodological standardization among the studies still hinders the establishment of photosensitizer and bactericidal efficiency. TBO, MBO, curcumin, and photogem generate greater PDT-based bacterial reduction on caries-related bacteria.. Further clinical studies are necessary in order to obtain conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Operative Dentistry, Dept. of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Juliana P M L Rolim
- Department of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Er Karaoğlu G, Uğur Ydın Z, Erdönmez D, Göl C, Durmuş M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy administered using methylene blue, toluidine blue and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine in root canals contaminated with Enterococcusaecalis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102038. [PMID: 33010484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional chemomechanical treatment procedures are an indispensable part of endodontic treatment, however, additional treatment approaches such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may also be recommended for the elimination of residual microorganisms. In this study, the disinfection efficiency of aPDT performed using methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue (TB), and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc) was compared in the roots contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine teeth with a single root and canal were included in this study. The roots were sterilized, and inoculated with E. faecalis. The roots were kept in an incubator for 30 days to form the biofilm. Forty-five teeth were prepared up to the F3 file of the ProTaperNext system under 2.5 % NaOCL irrigation. The samples were divided into three groups according to the type of used photosensitizer (PS) (n = 15); MB (313 μM), TB (327 μM), and TM-ZnPc (6μM). All PSs were irradiation with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (630 nm, 2-4 mW/cm²) for the 60 s. Two microbiological samples of the intracanal content were taken (one before and one immediately after additional aPDT in all groups) using sterile paper points. The colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were calculated after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. RESULTS After all aPDT protocols, intracanal bacterial load decreased significantly compared to the amount after chemomechanical preparation (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the reduction in intracanal bacterial load was found between the PSs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the aPDT protocol performed with TM-ZnPc provided similar antimicrobial efficacy, although it was used at a lower concentration compared to MB and TB. Therefore, the use of TM-ZnPc in intra-canal disinfection in endodontics seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Er Karaoğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Uğur Ydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Cem Göl
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Center, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zang L, Zhao H. Lutetium-containing sinoporphyrin sodium: a water-soluble photosensitizer with balanced fluorescence and phosphorescence for ratiometric oxygen sensing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32938-32945. [PMID: 35516503 PMCID: PMC9056626 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a photosensitizer for ratiometric O2 sensing is desirable for the precise treatment of cancer by photodynamic therapy. Herein, lutetium(iii)-containing sinoporphyrin sodium (Lu-DVDMS) was designed as a phosphorescent photosensitizer to balance phosphorescence and fluorescence emissions for ratiometric O2 sensing. Lu-DVDMS exhibited high water solubility, chemical stability, photostability, photosensitivity, and singlet-oxygen quantum yield of 0.23 ± 0.06. The phosphorescence and fluorescence quantum yields of Lu-DVDMS were 0.33 and 0.32%, respectively. Compared with the phosphorescence-to-fluorescence ratio (R) of gadolinium-DVDMS (Gd-DVDMS), which was >10, that of Lu-DVDMS was ∼1, facilitating ratiometric O2 sensing. The relatively weak phosphorescence-inducing effect of Lu(iii) owing to the absence of paramagnetism, as compared to Gd(iii), balanced the phosphorescence and fluorescence emissions of Lu-DVDMS. The fluctuation of R for Lu-DVDMS was approximately one-sixth of Gd-DVDMS, owing to the high signal-to-noise ratio simultaneously achieved for both phosphorescence and fluorescence emissions. The intensity and lifetime Stern–Volmer plots for Lu-DVDMS were 0.9840 + 0.0024[O2] and 0.9517 + 0.0034[O2], respectively ([O2]: oxygen concentration). Fast response and recovery times (<2 min) were achieved. The precision of oxygen detection using Lu-DVDMS was better than 0.5 μM in the 0–400 μM oxygen detection range. Therefore, Lu-DVDMS is a potential phosphorescent photosensitizer for ratiometric O2 sensing. A lutetium(iii)-porphyrin was designed as a phosphorescent photosensitizer to balance phosphorescence and fluorescence emissions for ratiometric O2 sensing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Ji'nan 250014 China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University Ji'nan 250014 China
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