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Ritter ML, Wagner VA, Balapattabi K, Opichka MA, Lu KT, Wackman KK, Reho JJ, Keen HL, Kwitek AE, Morselli LL, Geurts AM, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Krüppel-like factor 4 in transcriptional control of the three unique isoforms of Agouti-related peptide in mice. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:265-275. [PMID: 38145289 PMCID: PMC10866620 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP/Agrp) within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contributes to the control of energy balance, and dysregulated Agrp may contribute to metabolic adaptation during prolonged obesity. In mice, three isoforms of Agrp are encoded via distinct first exons. Agrp-A (ENSMUST00000005849.11) contributed 95% of total Agrp in mouse ARC, whereas Agrp-B (ENSMUST00000194654.2) dominated in placenta (73%). Conditional deletion of Klf4 from Agrp-expressing cells (Klf4Agrp-KO mice) reduced Agrp mRNA and increased energy expenditure but had no effects on food intake or the relative abundance of Agrp isoforms in the ARC. Chronic high-fat diet feeding masked these effects of Klf4 deletion, highlighting the context-dependent contribution of KLF4 to Agrp control. In the GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cell culture model, which expresses all three isoforms of Agrp (including Agrp-C, ENSMUST00000194091.6), inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) simultaneously increased KLF4 binding to the Agrp promoter and stimulated Agrp expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Klf4 reduced expression of Agrp. We conclude that the expression of individual isoforms of Agrp in the mouse is dependent upon cell type and that KLF4 directly promotes the transcription of Agrp via a mechanism that is superseded during obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In mice, three distinct isoforms of Agouti-related peptide are encoded via distinct first exons. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Krüppel-like factor 4 stimulates transcription of the dominant isoform in lean mice, but this mechanism is altered during diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Genetics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Megan A Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Henry L Keen
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Alcántara-Alonso V, Dallmann R, Lehnert H, de Gortari P, Grammatopoulos DK. CRH-R2 signalling modulates feeding and circadian gene expression in hypothalamic mHypoA-2/30 neurons. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266081. [PMID: 37900150 PMCID: PMC10600019 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic type 2 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R2) plays critical roles in homeostatic regulation, particularly in fine tuning stress recovery. During acute stress, the CRH-R2 ligands CRH and urocortins promote adaptive responses and feeding inhibition. However, in rodent models of chronic stress, over-exposure of hypothalamic CRH-R2 to its cognate agonists is associated with urocortin 2 (Ucn2) resistance; attenuated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and increased food intake. The molecular mechanisms involved in these altered CRH-R2 signalling responses are not well described. In the present study, we used the adult mouse hypothalamus-derived cell line mHypoA-2/30 to investigate CRH-R2 signalling characteristics focusing on gene expression of molecules involved in feeding and circadian regulation given the role of clock genes in metabolic control. We identified functional CRH-R2 receptors expressed in mHypoA-2/30 cells that differentially regulate CREB and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and downstream expression of the appetite-regulatory genes proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) in accordance with an anorexigenic effect. We studied for the first time the effects of Ucn2 on clock genes in native and in a circadian bioluminescence reporter expressing mHypoA-2/30 cells, detecting enhancing effects of Ucn2 on mRNA levels and rhythm amplitude of the circadian regulator Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1), which could facilitate anorexic responses in the activity circadian phase. These data uncover novel aspects of CRH-R2 hypothalamic signalling that might be important in regulation of circadian feeding during stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Alcántara-Alonso
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Rectorate, Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dimitris K. Grammatopoulos
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Pathology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire (UHCW), National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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3
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Landry T, Shookster D, Huang H. Circulating α-klotho regulates metabolism via distinct central and peripheral mechanisms. Metabolism 2021; 121:154819. [PMID: 34153302 PMCID: PMC8277751 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the circulating α-klotho protein as a prominent regulator of energy balance and substrate metabolism, with diverse, tissue-specific functions. Despite its well-documented ubiquitous role inhibiting insulin signaling, α-klotho elicits potent antidiabetic and anti-obesogenic effects. α-Klotho facilitates insulin release and promotes β cell health in the pancreas, stimulates lipid oxidation in liver and adipose tissue, attenuates hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increases whole-body energy expenditure. The mechanisms underlying α-klotho's peripheral functions are multifaceted, including hydrolyzing transient receptor potential channels, stimulating integrin β1➔focal adhesion kinase signaling, and activating PPARα via inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1. Moreover, until recently, potential metabolic roles of α-klotho in the central nervous system remained unexplored; however, a novel α-klotho➔fibroblast growth factor receptor➔PI3kinase signaling axis in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus has been identified as a critical regulator of energy balance and glucose metabolism. Overall, the role of circulating α-klotho in the regulation of metabolism is a new focus of research, but accumulating evidence identifies this protein as an encouraging therapeutic target for Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and obesity. This review analyzes the new literature investigating α-klotho-mediated regulation of metabolism and proposes impactful future directions to progress our understanding of this complex metabolic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Shookster
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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4
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KLF4 Exerts Sedative Effects in Pentobarbital-Treated Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:596-606. [PMID: 32789565 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in many biological processes, including neuroinflammation, neuron regeneration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Through effects on these processes, KLF4 has likely roles in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. However, little is known about the role of KLF4 in more immediate behavioral processes that similarly depend upon broad changes in brain excitability, such as the sleep process. Here, behavioral approaches, western blot, and immunohistochemical experiments were used to explore the role of KLF4 on sedation and the potential mechanisms of those effects. The results showed that overexpression of KLF4 prolonged loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration in pentobarbital-treated mice and increased c-Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), while it decreased c-Fos expression in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). Moreover, overexpression of KLF4 reduced the expression of p53 in the hypothalamus and increased the expression of STAT3 in the hypothalamus. Therefore, these results suggest that KLF4 exerts sedative effects through the regulation of p53 and STAT3 expression, and it indicates a role of KLF4 ligands in the treatment of sleep disorders.
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Landry T, Laing BT, Li P, Bunner W, Rao Z, Prete A, Sylvestri J, Huang H. Central α-Klotho Suppresses NPY/AgRP Neuron Activity and Regulates Metabolism in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:1368-1381. [PMID: 32332158 PMCID: PMC7306125 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-Klotho is a circulating factor with well-documented antiaging properties. However, the central role of α-klotho in metabolism remains largely unexplored. The current study investigated the potential role of central α-klotho to modulate neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AgRP)-expressing neurons, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. Intracerebroventricular administration of α-klotho suppressed food intake, improved glucose profiles, and reduced body weight in mouse models of type 1 and 2 diabetes. Furthermore, central α-klotho inhibition via an anti-α-klotho antibody impaired glucose tolerance. Ex vivo patch clamp electrophysiology and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that α-klotho suppresses NPY/AgRP neuron activity, at least in part, by enhancing miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Experiments in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells observed that α-klotho induces phosphorylation of AKTser473, ERKthr202/tyr204, and FOXO1ser256 as well as blunts AgRP gene transcription. Mechanistically, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibition abolished the downstream signaling of α-klotho, negated its ability to modulate NPY/AgRP neurons, and blunted its therapeutic effects. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibition also abolished α-klotho's ability to suppress food intake and improve glucose clearance. These results indicate a prominent role of hypothalamic α-klotho/FGFR1/PI3K signaling in the modulation of NPY/AgRP neuron activity and maintenance of energy homeostasis, thus providing new insight into the pathophysiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Brenton Thomas Laing
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Peixin Li
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Wyatt Bunner
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Zhijian Rao
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Amber Prete
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Julia Sylvestri
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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6
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Deng G, Morselli LL, Wagner VA, Balapattabi K, Sapouckey SA, Knudtson KL, Rahmouni K, Cui H, Sigmund CD, Kwitek AE, Grobe JL. Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of C57BL/6J Mice After Prolonged Diet-Induced Obesity. Hypertension 2020; 76:589-597. [PMID: 32507042 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged obesity is associated with blunted feeding and thermogenic autonomic responses to leptin, but cardiovascular responses to leptin are maintained. This state of selective leptin resistance is, therefore, proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity-associated hypertension. Cells of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus detect leptin, and although the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear, altered arcuate nucleus biology is hypothesized to contribute to selective leptin resistance. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow from 8 to 18 weeks of age, as this paradigm models selective leptin resistance. Nuclei were then isolated from arcuate nucleus for single-nucleus RNA sequencing. HFD caused expected gains in adiposity and circulating leptin. Twenty-three unique cell-type clusters were identified, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to explore changes in gene expression patterns due to chronic HFD within each cluster. Notably, gene expression signatures related to leptin signaling exhibited suppression predominantly in neurons identified as the Agouti-related peptide (Agrp) subtype. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis results were also consistent with alterations in CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) signaling in Agrp neurons after HFD, and reduced phosphorylated CREB was confirmed in arcuate nucleus after prolonged HFD by capillary electrophoresis-based Western blotting. These findings support the concept that prolonged HFD-induced obesity is associated with selective changes in Agrp neuron biology, possibly secondary to altered CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Deng
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (G.D., S.A.S., K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (L.L.M.), University of Iowa
| | - Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology (V.A.W., K.B., C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology (V.A.W., K.B., C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Sarah A Sapouckey
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (G.D., S.A.S., K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa
| | | | - Kamal Rahmouni
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (G.D., S.A.S., K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative (K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute (K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa
| | - Huxing Cui
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology (G.D., S.A.S., K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative (K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute (K.R., H.C.), University of Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology (V.A.W., K.B., C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology (V.A.W., K.B., C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Medicine (A.E.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology (V.A.W., K.B., C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Cardiovascular Center (C.D.S., A.E.K., J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core (J.L.G.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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7
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Kwak SY, Chung I, Kang J, Perakakis N, Yoo EH, Lee J, Jung HT, Mun BR, Choi WS, Kim OY, Kim S, Kim EK, Oh H, Mantzoros CS, Chung JH, Kim HS, Shin MJ. Sex specific effect of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 on body weight: studies in high fat diet induced obese mice and genetic association studies in humans. Metabolism 2020; 105:154171. [PMID: 32006557 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the metabolic effect of exogenous ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) on glucose metabolism, we tested whether IF1 treatment is effective in ameliorating weight gain and whether its effects are sex specific. METHODS HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice were treated with IF1 (5 mg/kg body weight, injected intraperitoneally). The underlying mechanisms of effect of IF1 on body weight were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Associations between genotypes of IF1 and obesity and relevant phenotype were further tested at the population level. RESULTS Chronic treatment with IF1 significantly decreased body weight gain by regulating food intake of HFD-fed male mice. IF1 activated the AKT/mTORC pathway and modulated the expression of appetite genes in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed male mice and its effect was confirmed in hypothalamic cell lines as well as hypothalamic primary cells. This required the interaction of IF1 with β-F1-ATPase on the plasma membrane of hypothalamic cells, which led to an increase in extracellular ATP production. In addition, IF1 treatment showed sympathetic nerve activation as measured by serum norepinephrine levels and UCP-1 expression in the subcutaneous fat of HFD-fed male mice. Notably, administration of recombinant IF1 to HFD-fed ovariectomized female mice showed remarkable reductions in food intake as well as body weight, which was not observed in wild-type 5-week female mice. Lastly, sex-specific genotype associations of IF1 with obesity prevalence and metabolic traits were demonstrated at the population level in humans. IF1 genetic variant (rs3767303) was significantly associated with lower prevalence of obesity and lower levels of body mass index, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c, and glucose response area only in male participants. CONCLUSION IF1 is involved in weight regulation by controlling food intake and potentially sympathetic nerve activation in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Kwak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - InHyeok Chung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eun Hye Yoo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taek Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Mun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolsong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Imbernon M, Sanchez-Rebordelo E, Gallego R, Gandara M, Lear P, Lopez M, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. Hypothalamic KLF4 mediates leptin's effects on food intake via AgRP. Mol Metab 2014; 3:441-51. [PMID: 24944903 PMCID: PMC4060210 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger-type transcription factor expressed in a range of tissues that plays multiple functions. We report that hypothalamic KLF4 represents a new transcription factor specifically modulating agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression in vivo. Hypothalamic KLF4 colocalizes with AgRP neurons and is modulated by nutritional status and leptin. Over-expression of KLF4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) induces food intake and increases body weight through the specific stimulation of AgRP, as well as blunting leptin sensitivity in lean rats independent of forkhead box protein 01 (FoxO1). Down-regulation of KLF4 in the ARC inhibits fasting-induced food intake in both lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Silencing KLF4, however, does not, on its own, enhance peripheral leptin sensitivity in DIO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Estrella Sanchez-Rebordelo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Rosalia Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Marina Gandara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Pamela Lear
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medicas de la Universidad de Santiago (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela & CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida de Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. Tel.: +34 881815437.
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
- Corresponding authors. Department of Physiology, Centro de Investigaciones Medicas de la Universidad de Santiago (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela & CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Avenida de Barcelona s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. Tel.: +34 881815437.
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Park-York M, Boghossian S, Oh H, York DA. PKCθ expression in the amygdala regulates insulin signaling, food intake and body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:755-64. [PMID: 23712979 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the signaling mechanisms that might underlie the loss of anorectic response to insulin injections into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) within 3 days of feeding a high fat diet. DESIGN AND METHODS Protein samples from amygdala and hypothalamus of rats fed high or low fat diets were subjected to a phosphorylation screening assay. The effects of dietary fat intake on the expression and activation of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) in brain regions was studied. Finally, lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress rat PKCθ unilaterally or bilaterally into the CeA of rats and the effects on food intake, body weight and insulin stimulation of Akt phosphorylation were studied. RESULTS The level of pMARCKS (Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate), a major substrate of PKCθ, was increased 116% in amygdala of high fat diet fed rats but reduced in the hypothalamus. High fat diets increased the level of PKCθ in a region specific manner in the brain and this PKCθ was activated by membrane association. Overexpressing rat PKCθ either unilaterally or bilaterally into the CeA inhibited insulin stimulation of Akt signaling and blocked the anorectic response to insulin injected into the amygdala. Bilaterally injected PKCθ rats gained more weight and body fat and had increased food intake when fed a high fat diet compared to the control rats that received a lentiviral-Green Fluorescent Protein construct. CONCLUSION The data suggest that insulin may have a physiological role within the amygdala to regulate energy balance.
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PKCθ over expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala or hypothalamus has differential effects on energy balance and peripheral glucose homeostasis. Brain Res 2013; 1498:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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York DA, Teng L, Park-York M. Effects of dietary fat and enterostatin on dopamine and 5-hydroxytrytamine release from rat striatal slices. Brain Res 2010; 1349:48-55. [PMID: 20599830 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated defects of DA and 5HT neurotransmission in dietary fat induced obese animals. In the present study, we used a perfusion system to assay the release of DA and 5HT from striatal slices preloaded with [(3)H]-DA or [(3)H]-5HT. The release of both DA and 5HT from striatal slices of rats fed a high fat diet for 10 days, but not 3 days, was reduced when compared to striatal slices taken from rats fed a low fat diet. Enterostatin, an endogenous pentapeptide inhibits dietary fat intake when administered peripherally and centrally in animals. The central mechanism for the action of enterostatin is not yet determined even though several mechanisms have been suggested. We have shown that enterostatin enhanced [(3)H]-DA release, but not [(3)H]-5HT release from striatal slices of rats that had been adapted to high fat diet for 10 days. The enterostatin-induced increase in [(3)H]-DA release was blocked by nomifensine. Enterostatin did not alter [(3)H]-DA or [(3)H]-5HT release from striatal slices of rats adapted to high fat or low fat diet feeding for 3 days. These findings suggest that enterostatin may inhibit dietary fat intake by blocking dopamine reuptake transport to increase central striatal DA release from rats that have acquired diminished dopamine signal after an adaptive period of fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A York
- Center for Advanced Nutrition and Department of Biology, Utah State University, 4715 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4715, USA.
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Park M, Farrell J, Lemmon K, York DA. Enterostatin alters protein trafficking to inhibit insulin secretion in Beta-TC6 cells. Peptides 2009; 30:1866-73. [PMID: 19563849 PMCID: PMC2755607 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enterostatin is a peptide that regulates dietary fat intake in rodents and inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Microarray studies of the genomic response of both a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) and a mouse hypothalamic cell line (GT1-7 cells) to enterostatin suggested that it might regulate protein trafficking. Using semi-quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we confirmed that enterostatin upregulated Scamp2 and down regulated Dynamin2 in these cell lines. The receptor for enterostatin is the F1-ATPase beta subunit. We transfected HepG2 cells with either a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged F1-ATPase beta subunit or a red fluorescent protein (RFP) tagged F1-ATPase alpha subunit to study the effects of enterostatin on translocation of its own receptor protein. Enterostatin induced movement of GFP-beta subunit to the cell periphery area but did not have any effect on the localization of RFP-alpha subunit protein in HepG2. As Scamp2 is involved in glucose uptake in mouse Beta-TC6 insulinoma cells we tested enterostatin's effect in Beta-TC6 cells. Glucose stimulated insulin release was inhibited by enterostatin as reported previously. Using siRNA to Scamp2 did not change glucose stimulated insulin release but siRNA to Dynamin2 and dominant negative Dynamin2 (Dyn K44A) inhibited glucose stimulated insulin release and abolished the response to enterostatin. This suggests enterostatin inhibits glucose stimulated insulin release in pancreatic beta cells through down regulation of Dynamin2. This study also suggests that enterostatin might have a more generalized effect on protein trafficking in various cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miejung Park
- Center for Advanced Nutrition, Utah State University, 4715 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4715, USA
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