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Xi Y, Min Z, Liu M, Li X, Yuan ZH. Role and recent progress of P2Y12 receptor in cancer development. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10027-w. [PMID: 38874752 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) is an adenosine-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a central role in platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. P2Y12R activation can promote platelet aggregation and adhesion to cancer cells, promote tumor angiogenesis, and affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor drug resistance, which is conducive to the progression of cancers. Meanwhile, P2Y12R inhibitors can inhibit this effect, suggesting that P2Y12R may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer. P2Y12R is involved in cancer development and metastasis, while P2Y12R inhibitors are effective in inhibiting cancer. However, a new study suggests that long-term use of P2Y12R inhibitors may increase the risk of cancer and the mechanism remains to be explored. In this paper, we reviewed the structural and functional characteristics of P2Y12R and its role in cancer. We explored the role of P2Y12R inhibitors in different tumors and the latest advances by summarizing the basic and clinical studies on the effects of P2Y12R inhibitors on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Zhenya Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Mianxue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hua Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332007, People's Republic of China.
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Butenas ALE, Flax JS, Carroll RJ, Chuwonganant CS, Baranczuk AM, Copp SW. Sex differences in the purinergic 2 receptor-mediated blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in rats with simulated peripheral artery disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R449-R460. [PMID: 38497127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00010.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the role played by ATP-sensitive purinergic 2 (P2) receptors in evoking the pressor response to treadmill exercise in male and female rats with and without femoral arteries that were ligated for ∼72 h to induce simulated peripheral artery disease (PAD). We hypothesized that PPADS (P2 receptor antagonist, 10 mg iv) would reduce the pressor response to 4 min of treadmill exercise (15 m·min-1, 1° incline) and steady-state exercise plasma norepinephrine (NE) values in male and female rats, and that the magnitude of effect of PPADS would be greater in rats with simulated PAD ("ligated") than in sham-operated rats. In males, PPADS significantly reduced the difference between steady-state exercise and baseline mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) response to treadmill exercise in sham (n = 8; pre-PPADS: 12 ± 2, post-PPADS: 1 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.037) and ligated (n = 4; pre-PPADS: 20 ± 2, post-PPADS: 11 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.028) rats with a similar magnitude of effect observed between groups (P = 0.720). In females, PPADS had no effect on the ΔMAP response to treadmill exercise in sham (n = 6; pre-PPADS: 9 ± 2, post-PPADS: 7 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.448) or ligated (n = 6; pre-PPADS: 15 ± 2, post-PPADS: 16 ± 3 mmHg; P = 0.684) rats. When NE values were grouped by sex independent of ligation/sham status, PPADS significantly reduced plasma NE in male (P = 0.016) and female (P = 0.027) rats. The data indicate that P2 receptors contribute to the sympathetic response to exercise in both male and female rats but that the sympathoexcitatory role for P2 receptors translates into an obligatory role in the blood pressure response to exercise in male but not in female rats.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we demonstrate that purinergic 2 (P2) receptors contribute significantly to the blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in male rats both with and without simulated PAD induced by femoral artery ligation. We found no role for P2 receptors in the blood pressure response to treadmill exercise in female rats, thus revealing clear sex differences in P2 receptor-mediated blood pressure control during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L E Butenas
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Joseph S Flax
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Raimi J Carroll
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - C Shane Chuwonganant
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Ashley M Baranczuk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Steven W Copp
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
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Carbajal-García A, Reyes-García J, Díaz-Hernández V, Casas-Hernández MF, Flores-Murrieta FJ, Montaño LM. Testosterone Enhances K V Currents and Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Induced by ATP and UTP through P2Y 4 Receptors and Adenylyl Cyclase Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4652. [PMID: 38731872 PMCID: PMC11083821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest the involvement of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and similar nucleotides in the pathophysiology of asthma. Androgens, such as testosterone (TES), are proposed to alleviate asthma symptoms in young men. ATP and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) relax the airway smooth muscle (ASM) via purinergic P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors and K+ channel opening. We previously demonstrated that TES increased the expression of voltage-dependent K+ (KV) channels in ASM. This study investigates how TES may potentiate ASM relaxation induced by ATP and UTP. Tracheal tissues treated with or without TES (control group) from young male guinea pigs were used. In organ baths, tracheas exposed to TES (40 nM for 48 h) showed enhanced ATP- and UTP-evoked relaxation. Tetraethylammonium, a K+ channel blocker, annulled this effect. Patch-clamp experiments in tracheal myocytes showed that TES also increased ATP- and UTP-induced K+ currents, and this effect was abolished with flutamide (an androgen receptor antagonist). KV channels were involved in this phenomenon, which was demonstrated by inhibition with 4-aminopyridine. RB2 (an antagonist of almost all P2Y receptors except for P2Y2), as well as N-ethylmaleimide and SQ 22,536 (inhibitors of G proteins and adenylyl cyclase, respectively), attenuated the enhancement of the K+ currents induced by TES. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry studies revealed that TES did not modify the expression of P2Y4 receptors or COX-1 and COX-2, while we have demonstrated that this androgen augmented the expression of KV1.2 and KV1.5 channels in ASM. Thus, TES leads to the upregulation of P2Y4 signaling and KV channels in guinea pig ASM, enhancing ATP and UTP relaxation responses, which likely limits the severity of bronchospasm in young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Verónica Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María F. Casas-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Francisco Javier Flores-Murrieta
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (J.R.-G.); (M.F.C.-H.)
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Culibrk RA, Ebbert KA, Yeisley DJ, Chen R, Qureshi FA, Hahn J, Hahn MS. Impact of Suramin on Key Pathological Features of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Derived Forebrain Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:301-318. [PMID: 38427475 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disrupted proteostasis and macroautophagy (hereafter "autophagy"). The pharmacological agent suramin has known autophagy modulation properties with potential efficacy in mitigating AD neuronal pathology. Objective In the present work, we investigate the impact of forebrain neuron exposure to suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a major regulator of autophagy, in comparison with rapamycin and chloroquine. We further investigate the effect of suramin on several AD-related biomarkers in sporadic AD (sAD)-derived forebrain neurons. Methods Neurons differentiated from ReNcell neural progenitors were used to assess the impact of suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway relative to the autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Mature forebrain neurons were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) sourced from a late-onset sAD patient and treated with 100μM suramin for 72 h, followed by assessments for amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and synaptic puncta density. Results Suramin treatment of sAD-derived neurons partially ameliorated the increased p-Tau(S199)/Tau ratio, and fully remediated the increased glutathione to oxidized nitric oxide ratio, observed in untreated sAD-derived neurons relative to healthy controls. These positive results may be due in part to the distinct increases in Akt/mTOR pathway mediator p-p70S6K noted with suramin treatment of both ReNcell-derived and iPSC-derived neurons. Longer term neuronal markers, such as synaptic puncta density, were unaffected by suramin treatment. Conclusions These findings provide initial evidence supporting the potential of suramin to reduce the degree of dysregulation in sAD-derived forebrain neurons in part via the modulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Culibrk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Ebbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Yeisley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fatir A Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Silva-Velasco RC, Villanueva-Castillo B, Haanes KA, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Villalón CM. Pharmacological Nature of the Purinergic P2Y Receptor Subtypes That Participate in the Blood Pressure Changes Produced by ADPβS in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1683. [PMID: 38139810 PMCID: PMC10747513 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides such as adenosine mono/di/triphosphate (AMP/ADP/ATP) may produce complex cardiovascular responses. For example, adenosine-5'-(β-thio)-diphosphate (ADPβS; a stable synthetic analogue of ADP) can induce vasodilatation/vasodepressor responses by endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms involving purinergic P2Y receptors; however, the specific subtypes participating in these responses remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the receptor subtypes mediating the blood pressure changes induced by intravenous bolus of ADPβS in male Wistar rats in the absence and presence of central mechanisms with the antagonists MRS2500 (P2Y1), PSB0739 (P2Y12), and MRS2211 (P2Y13). For this purpose, 120 rats were divided into 60 anaesthetised rats and 60 pithed rats, and further subdivided into four groups (n = 30 each), namely: (a) anaesthetised rats, (b) anaesthetised rats with bilateral vagotomy, (c) pithed rats, and (d) pithed rats continuously infused (intravenously) with methoxamine (an α1-adrenergic agonist that restores systemic vascular tone). We observed, in all four groups, that the immediate decreases in diastolic blood pressure produced by ADPβS were exclusively mediated by peripheral activation of P2Y1 receptors. Nevertheless, the subsequent increases in systolic blood pressure elicited by ADPβS in pithed rats infused with methoxamine probably involved peripheral activation of P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C. Silva-Velasco
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico; (R.C.S.-V.); (B.V.-C.)
| | - Belinda Villanueva-Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico; (R.C.S.-V.); (B.V.-C.)
| | - Kristian A. Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universtitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Carlos M. Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico; (R.C.S.-V.); (B.V.-C.)
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6
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Nikolaou PE, Lambrinidis G, Georgiou M, Karagiannis D, Efentakis P, Bessis-Lazarou P, Founta K, Kampoukos S, Konstantin V, Palmeira CM, Davidson SM, Lougiakis N, Marakos P, Pouli N, Mikros E, Andreadou I. Hydrolytic Activity of Mitochondrial F 1F O-ATP Synthase as a Target for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Discovery and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15115-15140. [PMID: 37943012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
F1FO-ATP synthase is the mitochondrial complex responsible for ATP production. During myocardial ischemia, it reverses its activity, hydrolyzing ATP and leading to energetic deficit and cardiac injury. We aimed to discover novel inhibitors of ATP hydrolysis, accessing the druggability of the target within ischemia(I)/reperfusion(R) injury. New molecular scaffolds were revealed using ligand-based virtual screening methods. Fifty-five compounds were tested on isolated murine heart mitochondria and H9c2 cells for their inhibitory activity. A pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine hit structure was identified and optimized in a hit-to-lead process synthesizing nine novel derivatives. Three derivatives significantly inhibited ATP hydrolysis in vitro, while in vivo, they reduced myocardial infarct size (IS). The novel compound 31 was the most effective in reducing IS, validating that inhibition of F1FO-ATP hydrolytic activity can serve as a target for cardioprotection during ischemia. Further examination of signaling pathways revealed that the cardioprotection mechanism is related to the increased ATP content in the ischemic myocardium and increased phosphorylation of PKA and phospholamban, leading to the reduction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota-Efstathia Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Bessis-Lazarou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Founta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Kampoukos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Konstantin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Athena Research and Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies, 15125 Marousi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Green JP, El-Sharkawy LY, Roth S, Zhu J, Cao J, Leach AG, Liesz A, Freeman S, Brough D. Discovery of an inhibitor of DNA-driven inflammation that preferentially targets the AIM2 inflammasome. iScience 2023; 26:106758. [PMID: 37216118 PMCID: PMC10193008 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation driven by DNA sensors is now understood to be important to disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe new inhibitors of DNA sensing, primarily of the inflammasome forming sensor AIM2. Biochemistry and molecular modeling has revealed 4-sulfonic calixarenes as potent inhibitors of AIM2 that likely work by binding competitively to the DNA-binding HIN domain. Although less potent, these AIM2 inhibitors also inhibit DNA sensors cGAS and TLR9 demonstrating a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammatory responses. The 4-sulfonic calixarenes inhibited AIM2-dependent post-stroke T cell death, highlighting a proof of concept that the 4-sulfonic calixarenes could be effective at combating post-stroke immunosuppression. By extension, we propose a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammation in disease. Finally, we reveal that the drug suramin, by virtue of its structural similarities, is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent inflammation and propose that suramin could be rapidly repurposed to meet an increasing clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P. Green
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lina Y. El-Sharkawy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jiayu Cao
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Miguel-Martínez AD, Linares-Bedolla J, Villanueva-Castillo B, Haanes KA, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Villalón CM. Pharmacological Profile of the Purinergic P2Y Receptors That Modulate, in Response to ADPβS, the Vasodepressor Sensory CGRPergic Outflow in Pithed Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030475. [PMID: 36986572 PMCID: PMC10056196 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an endogenous neuropeptide released from perivascular sensory nerves, exerts a powerful vasodilatation. Interestingly, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulates the release of CGRP by activation of prejunctional P2X2/3 receptors, and adenosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate (ADPβS), a stable adenosine diphosphate (ADP) analogue, produces vasodilator/vasodepressor responses by endothelial P2Y1 receptors. Since the role of ADP in the prejunctional modulation of the vasodepressor sensory CGRPergic drive and the receptors involved remain unknown, this study investigated whether ADPβS inhibits this CGRPergic drive. Accordingly, 132 male Wistar rats were pithed and subsequently divided into two sets. In set 1, ADPβS (5.6 and 10 µg/kg·min) inhibited the vasodepressor CGRPergic responses by electrical stimulation of the spinal T9-T12 segment. This inhibition by ADPβS (5.6 µg/kg·min) was reverted after i.v. administration of the purinergic antagonists MRS2500 (300 µg/kg; P2Y1) or MRS2211 (3000 µg/kg; P2Y13), but not by PSB0739 (300 µg/kg; P2Y12), MRS2211 (1000 µg/kg; P2Y13) or the KATP blocker glibenclamide (20 mg/kg). In set 2, ADPβS (5.6 µg/kg·min) failed to modify the vasodepressor responses to exogenous α-CGRP. These results suggest that ADPβS inhibits CGRP release in perivascular sensory nerves. This inhibition, apparently unrelated to activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, involves P2Y1 and probably P2Y13, but not P2Y12 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Miguel-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14330, Mexico
| | - Juan Linares-Bedolla
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14330, Mexico
| | - Belinda Villanueva-Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14330, Mexico
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 14330, Mexico
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Sudi S, Thomas FM, Daud SK, Ag Daud DM, Sunggip C. The Pleiotropic Role of Extracellular ATP in Myocardial Remodelling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052102. [PMID: 36903347 PMCID: PMC10004151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodelling is a molecular, cellular, and interstitial adaptation of the heart in response to altered environmental demands. The heart undergoes reversible physiological remodelling in response to changes in mechanical loading or irreversible pathological remodelling induced by neurohumoral factors and chronic stress, leading to heart failure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the potent mediators in cardiovascular signalling that act on the ligand-gated (P2X) and G-protein-coupled (P2Y) purinoceptors via the autocrine or paracrine manners. These activations mediate numerous intracellular communications by modulating the production of other messengers, including calcium, growth factors, cytokines, and nitric oxide. ATP is known to play a pleiotropic role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making it a reliable biomarker for cardiac protection. This review outlines the sources of ATP released under physiological and pathological stress and its cell-specific mechanism of action. We further highlight a series of cardiovascular cell-to-cell communications of extracellular ATP signalling cascades in cardiac remodelling, which can be seen in hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and atrophy. Finally, we summarize current pharmacological intervention using the ATP network as a target for cardiac protection. A better understanding of ATP communication in myocardial remodelling could be worthwhile for future drug development and repurposing and the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Sudi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Macniesia Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kadzirah Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Maryama Ag Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Health through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Sunggip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Mosshammer A, Zou L, Boehm S, Schicker K. Mechanisms of sympathoexcitation via P2Y 6 receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014284. [PMID: 36408258 PMCID: PMC9669757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drugs used in cardiovascular therapy, such as angiotensin receptor antagonists and beta-blockers, may exert at least some of their actions through effects on the sympathetic nervous system, and this also holds true for e.g., P2Y12 antagonists. A new target at the horizon of cardiovascular drugs is the P2Y6 receptor which contributes to the development of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. To learn whether P2Y6 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system might contribute to actions of respective receptor ligands, responses of sympathetic neurons to P2Y6 receptor activation were analyzed in primary cell culture. UDP in a concentration dependent manner caused membrane depolarization and enhanced numbers of action potentials fired in response to current injections. The excitatory action was antagonized by the P2Y6 receptor antagonist MRS2578, but not by the P2Y2 antagonist AR-C118925XX. UDP raised intracellular Ca2+ in the same range of concentrations as it enhanced excitability and elicited inward currents under conditions that favor Cl- conductances, and these were reduced by a blocker of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels, CaCCInh-A01. In addition, UDP inhibited currents through KV7 channels. The increase in numbers of action potentials caused by UDP was not altered by the KV7 channel blocker linopirdine, but was enhanced in low extracellular Cl- and was reduced by CaCCInh-A01 and by an inhibitor of phospholipase C. Moreover, UDP enhanced release of previously incorporated [3H] noradrenaline, and this was augmented in low extracellular Cl- and by linopirdine, but attenuated by CaCCInh-A01. Together, these results reveal sympathoexcitatory actions of P2Y6 receptor activation involving Ca2+-activated Cl- channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mosshammer
- Division of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lifang Zou
- Division of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Division of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Division of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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The purinergic signalling and inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes: key factors and therapeutic targets. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:759-770. [PMID: 35648156 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important chronic disease around the world, and according to the World Health Organization, it is the 9th principal cause of global death. This pathology is characterized by high levels of circulating glucose as a result of insulin resistance, and it is well stated that inflammation related to obesity is directly associated with the development of the disease. The purinergic signalling is involved in both pancreatic destruction, which impairs insulin secretion, and the cytokine production that favors insulin resistance in T2DM. In this review, the purinergic signalling aspects will be discussed, showing the impact of the enzymes, nucleotides, nucleosides, and receptors of this system and the cytokines that result in inflammation, in the development and progression of T2DM, besides, pointing the purinergic receptors as a possible therapeutic approach.
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12
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Mahmood A, Iqbal J. Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1661-1703. [PMID: 35561109 DOI: 10.1002/med.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5'-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine-5'-diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G-coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Mahmood
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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13
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Rovati G, Contursi A, Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Antiplatelet Agents Affecting GPCR Signaling Implicated in Tumor Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:725. [PMID: 35203374 PMCID: PMC8870128 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis requires that cancer cells survive in the circulation, colonize distant organs, and grow. Despite platelets being central contributors to hemostasis, leukocyte trafficking during inflammation, and vessel stability maintenance, there is significant evidence to support their essential role in supporting metastasis through different mechanisms. In addition to their direct interaction with cancer cells, thus forming heteroaggregates such as leukocytes, platelets release molecules that are necessary to promote a disseminating phenotype in cancer cells via the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition. Therefore, agents that affect platelet activation can potentially restrain these prometastatic mechanisms. Although the primary adhesion of platelets to cancer cells is mainly independent of G protein-mediated signaling, soluble mediators released from platelets, such as ADP, thromboxane (TX) A2, and prostaglandin (PG) E2, act through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cause the activation of more additional platelets and drive metastatic signaling pathways in cancer cells. In this review, we examine the contribution of the GPCRs of platelets and cancer cells in the development of cancer metastasis. Finally, the possible use of agents affecting GPCR signaling pathways as antimetastatic agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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14
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Mesto N, Movassat J, Tourrel-Cuzin C. P2-type purinergic signaling in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell functional plasticity as a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1099152. [PMID: 37065173 PMCID: PMC10099247 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1099152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia due to an impaired insulin secretion and a decreased in peripheral insulin sensitivity. This disease is a major public health problem due to it sharp prevalence. Therefore, it is crucial to readapt therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this pathology. One of the strategies would be through P2-type purinergic receptors pathway via ATP binding. In addition to its well-known role as an intracellular energy intermediary in numerous biochemical and physiological processes, ATP is also an important extracellular signaling molecule. ATP mediates its effects by binding and activating two classes of P2 purinoreceptors: P2X receptors that are ligand-gated ion channel receptors, existing in seven isoforms (P2X 1 to 7) and P2Y receptors that are G-protein coupled receptors, existing in eight isoforms (P2Y 1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). These receptors are ubiquitously distributed and involved in numerous physiological processes in several tissues. The concept of purinergic signaling, originally formulated by Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020), was also found to mediate various responses in the pancreas. Several studies have shown that P2 receptors are expressed in the endocrine pancreas, notably in β cells, where ATP could modulate their function but also their plasticity and thus play a physiological role in stimulating insulin secretion to face some metabolic demands. In this review, we provide a historical perspective and summarize current knowledge on P2-type purinergic signaling in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell functional plasticity, which would be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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15
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Kountz TS, Jairaman A, Kountz CD, Stauderman KA, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E 2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1275-1287. [PMID: 34389624 PMCID: PMC8816324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE2 limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE2 and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular ATP shares a common requirement for Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. ATP-mediated synthesis of PGE2 required activation of metabotropic P2Y2 receptors and CRAC channel-mediated cytosolic phospholipase A2 signaling. By contrast, ATP-evoked synthesis of IL-6 occurred via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors and CRAC channel-mediated calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast to ATP, which elicited the production of both PGE2 and IL-6, the uridine nucleotide, UTP, stimulated PGE2 but not IL-6 production. These results reveal that human AECs employ unique receptor-specific signaling mechanisms with CRAC channels as a signaling nexus to regulate release of opposing immunomodulatory mediators. Collectively, our results identify P2Y2 receptors, CRAC channels, and P2X receptors as potential intervention targets for airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Candace D Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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16
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Nishi H, Niyonsaba F, Pelleg A, Schulman ES. Enhancement of Mast Cell Degranulation Mediated by Purinergic Receptors' Activation and PI3K Type δ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1001-1008. [PMID: 34330752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells express multiple metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptor (P2YR) subtypes. Few studies have evaluated their role in human mast cell (HMC) allergic response as quantified by degranulation induced by cross-linking the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). We have previously shown that extracellular nucleotides modify the FcεRI activation-dependent degranulation in HMCs derived from human lungs, but the mechanism of this action has not been fully delineated. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of activation of P2YRs on the degranulation of HMCs and elucidate the specific postreceptor pathways involved. Sensitized LAD2 cells, a human-derived mast cell line, were subjected to a weak allergic stimulation (WAS) using a low concentration of Ag in the absence and presence of P2YR agonists. Only the metabotropic purinergic P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) agonist, adenosine 5'-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPγS), enhanced WAS-induced degranulation resulting in a net 7-fold increase in release (n = 4; p < 0.01). None of the P2YR agonists tested, including high concentrations of ATPγS (1000 μM), enhanced WAS-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, an essential component of activated FcεRI-induced degranulation. Both a PI3K inhibitor and the relevant gene knockout decreased the ATPγS-induced enhancement. The effect of ATPγS was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K type δ and protein kinase B, but not the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. The effects of ATPγS were dose dependently inhibited by NF157, a P2Y11R antagonist. To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that P2YR is linked to enhancement of allergic degranulation in HMC via the PI3K/protein kinase B pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Pelleg
- Danmir Therapeutics, LLC, Haverford, PA; and
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17
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Engel T, Smith J, Alves M. Targeting Neuroinflammation via Purinergic P2 Receptors for Disease Modification in Drug-Refractory Epilepsy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3367-3392. [PMID: 34305404 PMCID: PMC8298823 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s287740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of epilepsy remains a clinical challenge, with >30% of patients not responding to current antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Moreover, currently available ASDs are merely symptomatic without altering significantly the progression of the disease. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as playing an important role during the generation of hyperexcitable networks in the brain. Accordingly, the suppression of chronic inflammation has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent epileptogenesis and to treat drug-refractory epilepsy. As a consequence, a strong focus of ongoing research is identification of the mechanisms that contribute to sustained inflammation in the brain during epilepsy and whether these can be targeted. ATP is released in response to several pathological stimuli, including increased neuronal activity within the central nervous system, where it functions as a neuro- and gliotransmitter. Once released, ATP activates purinergic P2 receptors, which are divided into metabotropic P2Y and ionotropic P2X receptors, driving inflammatory processes. Evidence from experimental models and patients demonstrates widespread expression changes of both P2Y and P2X receptors during epilepsy, and critically, drugs targeting both receptor subtypes, in particular the P2Y1 and P2X7 subtypes, have been shown to possess both anticonvulsive and antiepileptic potential. This review provides a detailed summary of the current evidence suggesting ATP-gated receptors as novel drug targets for epilepsy and discusses how P2 receptor–driven inflammation may contribute to the generation of seizures and the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland.,FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
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18
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Guo X, Li Q, Pi S, Xia Y, Mao L. G protein-coupled purinergic P2Y receptor oligomerization: Pharmacological changes and dynamic regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114689. [PMID: 34274353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P2Y receptors (P2YRs) are a δ group of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with many essential functions in physiology and pathology, such as platelet aggregation, immune responses, neuroprotective effects, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Thus, they are among the most researched therapeutic targets used for the clinical treatment of diseases (e.g., the antithrombotic drug clopidogrel and the dry eye treatment drug diquafosol). GPCRs transmit signals as dimers to increase the diversity of signalling pathways and pharmacological activities. Many studies have frequently confirmed dimerization between P2YRs and other GPCRs due to their functions in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular processes in vivo and in vitro. Recently, some P2YR dimers that dynamically balance physiological functions in the body were shown to be involved in effective signal transduction and exert pathological responses. In this review, we summarize the types, pharmacological changes, and active regulators of P2YR-related dimerization, and delineate new functions and pharmacological activities of P2YR-related dimers, which may be a novel direction to improve the effectiveness of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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19
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King BF. P2X3 receptors participate in purinergic inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102830. [PMID: 34116466 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ATP analogue α,β-meATP is a potent relaxant of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but its molecular target is uncertain inside the gut. α,β-meATP relaxed the carbachol-precontracted guinea-pig taenia coli in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50, 2.0 ± 0.1 μM). A luciferase-based assay confirmed that α,β-meATP solutions were minimally contaminated with ATP. α,β-meATP-evoked relaxations were inhibited by the competitive P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179 (pA2 = 5.36), but also by the competitive P2X3 antagonist, A-317491 (pA2 = 5.51). When MRS2179 and A-317491 were applied together, residual α,β-meATP responses converted from brief to prolonged relaxations. Sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) also caused prolonged relaxations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that P2X3 receptors were present in myenteric ganglion cells and their varicose nerve terminals. The amplitude of α,β-meATP responses was not inhibited by TTX (NaV channel blocker) and ωCgTx (N-type CaV channel blocker). However, responses to α,β-meATP were inhibited by TEA (non-selective K+-channel blocker), indicating that relaxations involved opening K+-channels. The findings of this study are consistent with the conclusion that α,β-meATP stimulates Ca2+-permeable P2X3 receptors on varicose nerve terminals to release inhibitory nucleotides: 1) ATP and β-NAD release results in P2Y1-mediated brief relaxations; 2) another released transmitter (possibly NO) results in prolonged relaxations. Prejunctional P2X3 receptors represent a purinergic feed-forward mechanism to augment the action of inhibitory nerves on gut motility. This positive feed-forward mechanism may counter-balance the known negative feedback mechanism caused by adenosine and prejunctional A1 receptors on inhibitory motor nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F King
- University College London (UCL), Research Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Physiology (NPP), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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20
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Doleski PH, Cabral FL, Adefegha SA, Jantsch MH, Ebone RS, Leal DBR, Schetinger MRC. Distinct kinetics for nucleotide hydrolysis in lymphocytes isolated from blood, spleen and cervical lymph nodes: Characterization of ectonucleotidase activity. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:511-520. [PMID: 33783015 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases are a plasma membrane-bound enzyme that hydrolyses extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) and adenosine diphosphate (eADP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). It regulates normal function of lymphocytes, acts as an inflammatory marker and represents a molecular target for new therapeutics. Thus, this study sought to isolate lymphocytes from blood (BL), spleen (SL) and cervical lymph node (CLL), and characterize the eATP and eADP enzymatic hydrolysis in Wistar rats. The hydrolysis of the nucleotides occurred primarily at pH 8.0, 37°C in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ . Chevillard-plot showed the hydrolysis of eATP and eADP at the same active site. The inhibitors of some classical ATDPases did not cause any significant change on enzymatic activity. Inhibitors of E-NTPDase (-1, -2, -3 isoforms) and E-NPP-1 decrease the enzyme activity in all resident lymphocytes. Furthermore, kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) revealed that SL had significantly (P < .001) higher enzymatic activity when compared to BL and CLL. In conclusion, this study standardized kinetic values for eATP and eADP hydrolysis for resident lymphocytes isolated from BL, SL and CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Doleski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Stephen A Adefegha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Matheus H Jantsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renan S Ebone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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21
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Dsouza C, Komarova SV. Characterization of Potency of the P2Y13 Receptor Agonists: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073468. [PMID: 33801677 PMCID: PMC8036966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
P2Y13 is an ADP-stimulated G-protein coupled receptor implicated in many physiological processes, including neurotransmission, metabolism, pain, and bone homeostasis. Quantitative understanding of P2Y13 activation dynamics is important for translational studies. We systematically identified PubMed annotated studies that characterized concentration-dependence of P2Y13 responses to natural and synthetic agonists. Since the comparison of the efficacy (maximum response) is difficult for studies performed in different systems, we normalized the data and conducted a meta-analysis of EC50 (concentration at half-maximum response) and Hill coefficient (slope) of P2Y13-mediated responses to different agonists. For signaling events induced by heterologously expressed P2Y13, EC50 of ADP-like agonists was 17.2 nM (95% CI: 7.7–38.5), with Hills coefficient of 4.4 (95% CI: 3.3–5.4), while ATP-like agonists had EC50 of 0.45 μM (95% CI: 0.06–3.15). For functional responses of endogenously expressed P2Y13, EC50 of ADP-like agonists was 1.76 μM (95% CI: 0.3–10.06). The EC50 of ADP-like agonists was lower for the brain P2Y13 than the blood P2Y13. ADP-like agonists were also more potent for human P2Y13 compared to rodent P2Y13. Thus, P2Y13 appears to be the most ADP-sensitive receptor characterized to date. The detailed understanding of tissue- and species-related differences in the P2Y13 response to ADP will improve the selectivity and specificity of future pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisanne Dsouza
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Microglia and Neuroinflammation: What Place for P2RY12? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041636. [PMID: 33561958 PMCID: PMC7915979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune brain cells involved in neuroinflammation. They express a lot of proteins on their surface such as receptors that can be activated by mediators released in the microglial environment. Among these receptors, purinergic receptor expression could be modified depending on the activation status of microglia. In this review, we focus on P2Y receptors and more specifically on P2RY12 that is involved in microglial motility and migration, the first step of neuroinflammation process. We describe the purinergic receptor families, P2RY12 structure, expression and physiological functions. The pharmacological and genetic tools for studying this receptor are detailed thereafter. Last but not least, we report the contribution of microglial P2RY12 to neuroinflammation in acute and chronic brain pathologies in order to better understand P2RY12 microglial role.
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23
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Lovászi M, Branco Haas C, Antonioli L, Pacher P, Haskó G. The role of P2Y receptors in regulating immunity and metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114419. [PMID: 33460626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors whose physiological agonists are the nucleotides ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and UDP-glucose. Eight P2Y receptors have been cloned in humans: P2Y1R, P2Y2R, P2Y4R, P2Y6R, P2Y11R, P2Y12R, P2Y13R and P2Y14R. P2Y receptors are expressed in lymphoid tissues such as thymus, spleen and bone marrow where they are expressed on lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and platelets. P2Y receptors regulate many aspects of immune cell function, including phagocytosis and killing of pathogens, antigen presentation, chemotaxis, degranulation, cytokine production, and lymphocyte activation. Consequently, P2Y receptors shape the course of a wide range of infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. P2Y12R ligands have already found their way into the therapeutic arena, and we envision additional ligands as future drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by or associated with immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Woo SH, Trinh TN. P2 Receptors in Cardiac Myocyte Pathophysiology and Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010251. [PMID: 33383710 PMCID: PMC7794727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
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25
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Molecular pharmacology of P2Y receptor subtypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114361. [PMID: 33309519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Professor Geoffrey Burnstock proposed the concept of purinergic signaling via P1 and P2 receptors. P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for extracellular adenine and uracil nucleotides. Eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes have been identified. They are divided into two subgroups (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11) and (P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). P2Y receptors are found in almost all cells and mediate responses in physiology and pathophysiology including pain and inflammation. The antagonism of platelet P2Y12 receptors by cangrelor, ticagrelor or active metabolites of the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel reduces the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in patients with thrombotic complications of vascular diseases. The nucleotide agonist diquafosol acting at P2Y2 receptors is used for the treatment of the dry eye syndrome. Structural information obtained by crystallography of the human P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor proteins, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling will facilitate the rational design of novel selective drugs.
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26
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Menéndez Méndez A, Smith J, Engel T. Neonatal Seizures and Purinergic Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217832. [PMID: 33105750 PMCID: PMC7660091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal seizures are one of the most common comorbidities of neonatal encephalopathy, with seizures aggravating acute injury and clinical outcomes. Current treatment can control early life seizures; however, a high level of pharmacoresistance remains among infants, with increasing evidence suggesting current anti-seizure medication potentiating brain damage. This emphasises the need to develop safer therapeutic strategies with a different mechanism of action. The purinergic system, characterised by the use of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites as signalling molecules, consists of the membrane-bound P1 and P2 purinoreceptors and proteins to modulate extracellular purine nucleotides and nucleoside levels. Targeting this system is proving successful at treating many disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, including epilepsy. Mounting evidence demonstrates that drugs targeting the purinergic system provide both convulsive and anticonvulsive effects. With components of the purinergic signalling system being widely expressed during brain development, emerging evidence suggests that purinergic signalling contributes to neonatal seizures. In this review, we first provide an overview on neonatal seizure pathology and purinergic signalling during brain development. We then describe in detail recent evidence demonstrating a role for purinergic signalling during neonatal seizures and discuss possible purine-based avenues for seizure suppression in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (A.M.M.); (J.S.)
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-314-025-199
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27
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Mazzarda F, D'Elia A, Massari R, De Ninno A, Bertani FR, Businaro L, Ziraldo G, Zorzi V, Nardin C, Peres C, Chiani F, Tettey-Matey A, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Soluri A, Salvatore AM, Yang J, Mammano F. Organ-on-chip model shows that ATP release through connexin hemichannels drives spontaneous Ca 2+ signaling in non-sensory cells of the greater epithelial ridge in the developing cochlea. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3011-3023. [PMID: 32700707 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00427h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior work supports the hypothesis that ATP release through connexin hemichannels drives spontaneous Ca2+ signaling in non-sensory cells of the greater epithelial ridge (GER) in the developing cochlea; however, direct proof is lacking. To address this issue, we plated cochlear organotypic cultures (COCs) and whole cell-based biosensors with nM ATP sensitivity (ATP-WCBs) at the bottom and top of an ad hoc designed transparent microfluidic chamber, respectively. By performing dual multiphoton Ca2+ imaging, we monitored the propagation of intercellular Ca2+ waves in the GER of COCs and ATP-dependent Ca2+ responses in overlying ATP-WCBs. Ca2+ signals in both COCs and ATP-WCBs were inhibited by supplementing the extracellular medium with ATP diphosphohydrolase (apyrase). Spontaneous Ca2+ signals were strongly depressed in the presence of Gjb6-/- COCs, in which connexin 30 (Cx30) is absent and connexin 26 (Cx26) is strongly downregulated. In contrast, spontaneous Ca2+ signals were not affected by replacement of Panx1-/- with Panx1+/+ COCs in the microfluidic chamber. Similar results were obtained by estimating ATP release from COCs using a classical luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. Therefore, connexin hemichannels and not pannexin 1 channels mediate the release of ATP that is responsible for Ca2+ wave propagation in the developing mouse cochlea. The technological advances presented here have the potential to shed light on a plethora of unrelated open issues that involve paracrine signaling in physiology and pathology and cannot be addressed with standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mazzarda
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. and Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma3, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata D'Elia
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. and Department of Science, Università degli Studi di Roma3, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Adele De Ninno
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Businaro
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaia Ziraldo
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zorzi
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nardin
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Peres
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiani
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Marcello Raspa
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Soluri
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabio Mammano
- CNR Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy. and Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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28
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da Silva Ferreira NC, Alves LA, Soares-Bezerra RJ. Potential Therapeutic Applications of P2 Receptor Antagonists: From Bench to Clinical Trials. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:919-937. [PMID: 30760187 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190213095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have important physiological functions in mammals. Purines and pyrimidines act on P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in the plasma membrane in various cell types. P2 receptors act as important therapeutic targets and are associated with several disorders, such as pain, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, the use of antagonists for P2 receptors in clinical therapy, with the exception of P2Y12, is a great challenge. Currently, many research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of specific antagonist molecules for each receptor subtype that could be used as new medicines to treat their respective disorders. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles some interesting findings on the application of P2 receptor antagonists in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models as well as the progress of advanced clinical trials with these compounds. CONCLUSION Despite all of the exciting results obtained on the bench, few antagonists of P2 receptors advanced to the clinical trials, and once they reach this stage, the effectiveness of the therapy is not guaranteed, as in the example of P2X7 antagonists. Despite this, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have a history of success and have been used in therapy for at least two decades to prevent thrombosis in patients at risk for myocardial infarctions. This breakthrough is the motivation for scientists to develop new drugs with antagonistic activity for the other P2 receptors; thus, in a matter of years, we will have an evolution in the field of purinergic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natiele C da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040- 360, Brazil
| | - Rômulo J Soares-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
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29
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Le QA, Kim JC, Kim KH, Van Vu AT, Woo SH. Distinct shear-induced Ca 2+ signaling in the left and right atrial myocytes: Role of P2 receptor context. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:38-50. [PMID: 32305361 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atrial myocytes are continuously exposed to shear stress during cardiac cycles. Previous reports have shown that shear stress induces two different types of global Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes-longitudinal Ca2+ waves (L-waves) and action potential-involved transverse waves (T-waves), and suggested an underlying role of the autocrine activation of P2 receptors. We explored the correlations between ATP release and Ca2+ wave generation in atrial myocytes and investigated why the cells develop two Ca2+-wave types during the same shear force. We examined whether ATP release correlates with different shear-stress (~16 dyn/cm2)-mediated Ca2+ signaling by simultaneous measurement of local Ca2+ and ATP release in individual atrial myocytes using two-dimensional confocal imaging and sniffer patch techniques, respectively. Functional P2X7-receptor-expressing HEK293 cells were established as sniffer cells, which generated currents in real time in response to ATP released from a closely positioned atrial myocyte. Both shear-stress-induced L- and T-waves were preceded by sniffer currents with no difference in the current magnitude. Left atrial (LA) myocytes had two- to three-fold larger sniffer currents than right atrial (RA) cells, as was confirmed by ATP chemiluminescence assay. Shear-stress-induced ATP release was eliminated by connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannel inhibition using La3+, Gap19, or knock-down of Cx43 expression. The level of phosphorylated Cx43 at Ser386 (p-Cx43Ser368), but not total Cx43, was higher in LA versus RA myocytes. Most LA cells (~70%) developed L-waves, whereas most RA myocytes (~80%) presented T-waves. Shear-stress-induced T-waves were completely removed by inhibition of P2X4R, which were most abundant in rat atrial cells. Expression of P2X4R was higher in RA than LA myocytes, whereas expression of P2Y1R, the mediator of L-waves, was higher in LA than RA myocytes. ATP release mainly triggers L-waves in LA myocytes and T-waves in RA myocytes under the same shear force, partly because of the differential expression of P2Y1R and P2X4R between LA and RA myocytes. Higher ATP release in LA myocytes under shear stress may not contribute to determination of the wave pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qui Anh Le
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Joon-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hee Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Anh Thi Van Vu
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Woo
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, South Korea.
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30
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Freeman TL, Swartz TH. Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of these Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion. Viruses 2020; 12:E290. [PMID: 32155980 PMCID: PMC7150916 DOI: 10.3390/v12030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors are inflammatory mediators activated by extracellular nucleotides released by dying or injured cells. Several studies have described an important role for these receptors in HIV-1 entry, particularly regarding their activity on HIV-1 viral membrane fusion. Several reports identify purinergic receptor antagonists that inhibit HIV-1 membrane fusion; these drugs are suspected to act through antagonizing Env-chemokine receptor interactions. They also appear to abrogate activity of downstream mediators that potentiate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Here we review the literature on purinergic receptors, the drugs that inhibit their function, and the evidence implicating these receptors in HIV-1 entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talia H. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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31
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P2Y 12 Inhibition beyond Thrombosis: Effects on Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041391. [PMID: 32092903 PMCID: PMC7073040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2Y12 receptor is a key player in platelet activation and a major target for antithrombotic drugs. The beneficial effects of P2Y12 receptor antagonists might, however, not be restricted to the primary and secondary prevention of arterial thrombosis. Indeed, it has been established that platelet activation also has an essential role in inflammation. Additionally, nonplatelet P2Y12 receptors present in immune cells and vascular smooth muscle cells might be effective players in the inflammatory response. This review will investigate the biological and clinical impact of P2Y12 receptor inhibition beyond its platelet-driven antithrombotic effects, focusing on its anti-inflammatory role. We will discuss the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of P2Y12-mediated inflammation, including cytokine release, platelet–leukocyte interactions and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Then we will summarize the current evidence on the beneficial effects of P2Y12 antagonists during various clinical inflammatory diseases, especially during sepsis, acute lung injury, asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer.
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32
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Gu X, Yang Y, Li T, Chen Z, Fu T, Pan J, Ou J, Yang Z. ATP mediates the interaction between human blastocyst and endometrium. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12737. [PMID: 31821660 PMCID: PMC7046473 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embryo implantation needs a reciprocal interaction between competent embryo and receptive endometrium. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by stressed or injured cells acts as an important signalling molecule. This study aims to investigate whether adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in the dialogue of human blastocyst-endometrium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concentration of lactate was analysed in culture medium from human embryos collected from in vitro fertilization patients. Extracellular ATP was measured by ATP Bioluminescent Assay Kit. Ishikawa cells and T-HESCs were treated with ATP, ATP receptor antagonist, ATP hydrolysis enzyme or inhibitors of ATP metabolic enzymes. The levels of gene expression were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoassay. RESULTS We showed that injured human endometrial epithelial cells could rapidly release ATP into the extracellular environment as an important signalling molecule. In addition, blastocyst-derived lactate induces the release of non-lytic ATP from human endometrial receptive epithelial cells via connexins. Extracellular ATP stimulates the secretion of IL8 from epithelial cells to promote the process of in vitro decidualization. Extracellular ATP could also directly promote the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells via P2Y-purinoceptors. More importantly, the supernatants of injured epithelial cells clearly induce the decidualization of stromal cells in time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ATP should play an important role in human blastocyst-endometrium dialogue for the initiation of decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wei Gu
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Reproductive MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zi‐Cong Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Fu
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ji‐Min Pan
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Ping Ou
- Center for Reproductive MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zeng‐Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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33
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Alves M, Smith J, Engel T. Differential Expression of the Metabotropic P2Y Receptor Family in the Cortex Following Status Epilepticus and Neuroprotection via P2Y 1 Antagonism in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1558. [PMID: 32009961 PMCID: PMC6976538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling via P2 receptors is now widely accepted to play a critical role during increased states of hyperexcitability and seizure-induced pathology. In the setting of seizures and epilepsy, most attention has been paid to investigating the fast-acting ATP-gated P2X receptor family. More recent evidence has now also provided compelling evidence of an involvement of the slower-acting P2Y receptor family during seizures. This includes data demonstrating expression changes of P2Y receptors in the hippocampus following acute seizures and during epilepsy and anticonvulsive properties of P2Y-targeting drugs; in particular drugs targeting the P2Y1 subtype. Seizures, however, also involve damage to extra-hippocampal brain regions such as the cortex, which is thought to contribute to the epileptic phenotype. To analyze expressional changes of the P2Y receptor family in the cortex following status epilepticus and to determine the impact of drugs interfering with P2Y1 signaling on cortical damage, we used a unilateral mouse model of intraamygdala kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Analysis of cortical tissue showed that status epilepticus leads to a global up-regulation of the P2Y receptor family in the cortex including P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6, with the P2Y1 and P2Y4 receptor subtypes showing the strongest increase. Supporting a detrimental role of P2Y1 activation during status epilepticus, treatment with the P2Y1 agonist MRS2365 exacerbated high frequency high amplitude spiking, synonymous with injury-causing electrographic activity, and treatment with the P2Y1 antagonists MRS2500 protected against seizure-induced cortical damage. Suggesting P2Y1-mediated effects are predominantly due to increased microglia activation, treatment with the broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drug minocycline abolished the observed neuroprotective effects of P2Y1 antagonism. In conclusion, our results further support a role for P2Y1-mediated signaling during seizure generation and seizure-induced neurodegeneration, suggesting P2Y1-targeting therapies as novel treatment for drug-refractory status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Babola TA, Kersbergen CJ, Wang HC, Bergles DE. Purinergic signaling in cochlear supporting cells reduces hair cell excitability by increasing the extracellular space. eLife 2020; 9:e52160. [PMID: 31913121 PMCID: PMC7015667 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in developing sensory pathways exhibit spontaneous bursts of electrical activity that are critical for survival, maturation and circuit refinement. In the auditory system, intrinsically generated activity arises within the cochlea, but the molecular mechanisms that initiate this activity remain poorly understood. We show that burst firing of mouse inner hair cells prior to hearing onset requires P2RY1 autoreceptors expressed by inner supporting cells. P2RY1 activation triggers K+ efflux and depolarization of hair cells, as well as osmotic shrinkage of supporting cells that dramatically increased the extracellular space and speed of K+ redistribution. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption of P2RY1 suppressed neuronal burst firing by reducing K+ release, but unexpectedly enhanced their tonic firing, as water resorption by supporting cells reduced the extracellular space, leading to K+ accumulation. These studies indicate that purinergic signaling in supporting cells regulates hair cell excitability by controlling the volume of the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Babola
- The Solomon Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Calvin J Kersbergen
- The Solomon Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Han Chin Wang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon Snyder Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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Distinct P2Y Receptors Mediate Extension and Retraction of Microglial Processes in Epileptic and Peritumoral Human Tissue. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1373-1388. [PMID: 31896671 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0218-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia exhibit multiple, phenotype-dependent motility patterns often triggered by purinergic stimuli. However, little data exist on motility of human microglia in pathological situations. Here we examine motility of microglia stained with a fluorescent lectin in tissue slices from female and male epileptic patients diagnosed with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy or cortical glioma (peritumoral cortex). Microglial shape varied from ramified to amoeboid cells predominantly in regions of high neuronal loss or closer to a tumor. Live imaging revealed unstimulated or purine-induced microglial motilities, including surveillance movements, membrane ruffling, and process extension or retraction. At different concentrations, ADP triggered opposing motilities. Low doses triggered process extension. It was suppressed by P2Y12 receptor antagonists, which also reduced process length and surveillance movements. Higher purine doses caused process retraction and membrane ruffling, which were blocked by joint application of P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptor antagonists. Purinergic effects on motility were similar for all microglia tested. Both amoeboid and ramified cells from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy or peritumoral cortex tissue expressed P2Y12 receptors. A minority of microglia expressed the adenosine A2A receptor, which has been linked with process withdrawal of rodent cells. Laser-mediated tissue damage let us test the functional significance of these effects. Moderate damage induced microglial process extension, which was blocked by P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Overall, the purine-induced motility of human microglia in epileptic tissue is similar to that of rodent microglia in that the P2Y12 receptor initiates process extension. It differs in that retraction is triggered by joint activation of P2Y1/P2Y13 receptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microglial cells are brain-resident immune cells with multiple functions in healthy or diseased brains. These diverse functions are associated with distinct phenotypes, including different microglial shapes. In the rodent, purinergic signaling is associated with changes in cell shape, such as process extension toward tissue damage. However, there are little data on living human microglia, especially in diseased states. We developed a reliable technique to stain microglia from epileptic and glioma patients to examine responses to purines. Low-intensity purinergic stimuli induced process extension, as in rodents. In contrast, high-intensity stimuli triggered a process withdrawal mediated by both P2Y1 and P2Y13 receptors. P2Y1/P2Y13 receptor activation has not previously been linked to microglial morphological changes.
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Jeong J, Kim JY, Hong H, Wangemann P, Marcus DC, Jung J, Choi JY, Kim SH. P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptors mediate cation absorption in transitional cells and supporting cells of the utricular macula. Hear Res 2019; 386:107860. [PMID: 31869657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors protect the cochlea during high-intensity stimulation by providing a parallel shunt pathway through non-sensory neighboring epithelial cells for cation absorption. So far, there is no direct functional evidence for the presence and type/subunit of purinergic receptors in the utricle of the vestibular labyrinth. The goal of the present study was to investigate which purinergic receptors are expressed and carry cation-absorption currents in the utricular transitional cells and macula. Purinergic agonists induced cation-absorption currents with a potency order of ATP > bzATP = αβmeATP ≫ ADP = UTP = UDP. ATP and bzATP are full agonists, whereas αβmeATP is a partial agonist. ATP-induced currents were partially inhibited by 100 μM suramin, 10 μM pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azo-(benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (PPADS), or 5 μM 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1, 4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD), and almost completely blocked by 100 μM Gd3+ or by a combination of 10 μM PPADS and 5 μM 5-BDBD. Expression of the P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptor was detected by immunocytochemistry in transitional cells and macular supporting cells. This is the first study to demonstrate that ATP induces cation currents carried by a combination of P2RX2 and P2RX4 in utricular transitional and macular epithelial cells, and supporting the hypothesis that purinergic receptors protect utricular hair cells during elevated stimulus intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Institute for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5802, USA
| | - Daniel C Marcus
- Cellular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5802, USA
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Huhn Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Vemulapalli H, Albayati S, Patwa VC, Tilley DG, Tsygankov AY, Liverani E. ADP exerts P2Y 12 -dependent and P2Y 12 -independent effects on primary human T cell responses to stimulation. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 14:111-126. [PMID: 31808055 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a complex role in inflammation. Nucleotides released by T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets during inflammation induce cellular responses by binding to receptors that regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Previous studies have found that purinergic signaling can have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, but the roles of specific pathways in specific cell types are poorly understood. We investigated the role of the P2Y12 signaling pathway in the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and pretreated them with ADP (a P2Y12 agonist), AR-C69931MX (a P2Y12 antagonist), or both. We then stimulated PBMC using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. We found that ADP affects T cell responses in term of cell activity and receptor expression through both P2Y12-dependent and P2Y12-independent pathways and other responses (cytokine secretion) primarily through P2Y12 -independent pathways. The ADP-mediated effect changed over time and was stimulus-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Vemulapalli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Samara Albayati
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Viren C Patwa
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Y Tsygankov
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Soslau G. Extracellular adenine compounds within the cardiovascular system: Their source, metabolism and function. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Chess-Williams R, Sellers DJ, Brierley SM, Grundy D, Grundy L. Purinergic receptor mediated calcium signalling in urothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16101. [PMID: 31695098 PMCID: PMC6834637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-neuronal ATP released from the urothelium in response to bladder stretch is a key modulator of bladder mechanosensation. Whilst non-neuronal ATP acts on the underlying bladder afferent nerves to facilitate sensation, there is also the potential for ATP to act in an autocrine manner, modulating urothelial cell function. The aim of this study was to systematically characterise the functional response of primary mouse urothelial cells (PMUCs) to ATP. PMUCs isolated from male mice (14–16 weeks) were used for live-cell fluorescent calcium imaging and qRT-PCR to determine the expression profile of P2X and P2Y receptors. The majority of PMUCs (74–92%) responded to ATP (1 μM–1 mM), as indicted by an increase in intracellular calcium (iCa2+). PMUCs exhibited dose-dependent responses to ATP (10 nM–1 mM) in both calcium containing (2 mM, EC50 = 3.49 ± 0.77 μM) or calcium free (0 mM, EC50 = 9.5 ± 1.5 μM) buffers. However, maximum iCa2+ responses to ATP were significantly attenuated upon repetitive applications in calcium containing but not in calcium free buffer. qRT-PCR revealed expression of P2X1–6, and P2Y1–2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11–14, but not P2X7 in PMUCs. These findings suggest the major component of ATP induced increases in iCa2+ are mediated via the liberation of calcium from intracellular stores, implicating functional P2Y receptors that are ubiquitously expressed on PMUCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donna J Sellers
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - David Grundy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Grundy
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. .,Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia. .,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia. .,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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40
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Li S, Wang N, Feng Y, Li J, Geng X, Sun J. Functional characterization of purinergic receptor P2Y 14 in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:200-207. [PMID: 31326587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleotide sugars are important danger-associated signaling molecules that play critical roles in regulation of immune responses in mammals through activation of purinergic receptors located on the cell surface. However, the immunological role of extracellular UDP-glucose-activated P2Y14 receptor (P2Y14R) in fish still remains unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a P2Y14R paralog in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The mRNA transcripts of P2Y14R are detected in all examined Japanese flounder tissues. Compared with the UDP-activated P2Y6 receptor, however, P2Y14R gene is highly expressed in Japanese flounder head kidney macrophages (HKMs). In addition, P2Y14R is significantly upregulated following inflammatory stimulation with LPS and poly (I:C) in the HKMs, suggesting a role of P2Y14R in response to inflammation in fish. Furthermore, activation of P2Y14 receptor with its potent and selective agonist MRS 2905 resulted in a decreased expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta gene in the HKMs. In contrast, inhibition of P2Y14 receptor activity or down-regulation of the endogenous expression of P2Y14R by small interfering RNA significantly upregulates the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta gene expression in the HKMs, demonstrating that P2Y14R is involved in inflammation regulation in fish. Moreover, stimulation of the Japanese flounder HKMs with UDP-glucose evoked a rapid increase of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating the involvement of P2Y14R in activation of ERK1/2 signaling in fish immune cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that the inducible P2Y14R plays an important role in regulation of fish innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jiafang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xuyun Geng
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, 442 South Jiefang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300221, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Grubišić V, Perez-Medina AL, Fried DE, Sévigny J, Robson SC, Galligan JJ, Gulbransen BD. NTPDase1 and -2 are expressed by distinct cellular compartments in the mouse colon and differentially impact colonic physiology and function after DSS colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G314-G332. [PMID: 31188623 PMCID: PMC6774087 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ATP is both an important mediator of physiological gut functions such as motility and epithelial function, and a key danger signal that mediates cell death and tissue damage. The actions of extracellular ATP are regulated through the catalytic functions extracellular nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), -2, -3, and -8, which ultimately generate nucleosides. Ectonucleotidases have distinct cellular associations, but the specific locations and functional roles of individual NTPDases in the intestine are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that differential and cell-selective regulation of purine hydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 plays important roles in gut physiology and disease. We studied Entpd1 and Entpd2 null mice in health and following colitis driven by 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration using functional readouts of gut motility, epithelial barrier function, and neuromuscular communication. NTPDase1 is expressed by immune cells, and the ablation of Entpd1 altered glial numbers in the myenteric plexus. NTPDase2 is expressed by enteric glia, and the ablation of Entpd2 altered myenteric neuron numbers. Mice lacking either NTPDase1 or -2 exhibited decreased inhibitory neuromuscular transmission and altered components of inhibitory junction potentials. Ablation of Entpd2 increased gut permeability following inflammation. In conclusion, the location- and context-dependent extracellular nucleotide phosphohydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 substantially impacts gut function in health and disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Purines are important mediators of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) regulate extracellular purines, but the roles of specific NTPDases in gut functions are poorly understood. Here, we used Entpd1- and Entpd2-deficient mice to show that the differential and cell-selective regulation of purine hydrolysis by NTPDase1 and -2 plays important roles in barrier function, gut motility, and neuromuscular communication in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Grubišić
- 1Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Alberto L. Perez-Medina
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - David E. Fried
- 1Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jean Sévigny
- 3Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada,4Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon C. Robson
- 5Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James J. Galligan
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Brian D. Gulbransen
- 1Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Neumann J, Hofmann B, Gergs U. On inotropic effects of UTP in the human heart. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02197. [PMID: 31406941 PMCID: PMC6684494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) exerts a positive inotropic effect (PIE) in isolated electrically driven isolated right atrial trabeculae carneae from patients undergoing heart surgery. This review discusses some aspects of the current knowledge on the putative receptor(s) involved and the potential biochemical transduction steps leading to the PIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany
| | - B Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - U Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany
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Nociceptor Signalling through ion Channel Regulation via GPCRs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102488. [PMID: 31137507 PMCID: PMC6566991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prime task of nociceptors is the transformation of noxious stimuli into action potentials that are propagated along the neurites of nociceptive neurons from the periphery to the spinal cord. This function of nociceptors relies on the coordinated operation of a variety of ion channels. In this review, we summarize how members of nine different families of ion channels expressed in sensory neurons contribute to nociception. Furthermore, data on 35 different types of G protein coupled receptors are presented, activation of which controls the gating of the aforementioned ion channels. These receptors are not only targeted by more than 20 separate endogenous modulators, but can also be affected by pharmacotherapeutic agents. Thereby, this review provides information on how ion channel modulation via G protein coupled receptors in nociceptors can be exploited to provide improved analgesic therapy.
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Mansini AP, Peixoto E, Jin S, Richard S, Gradilone SA. The Chemosensory Function of Primary Cilia Regulates Cholangiocyte Migration, Invasion, and Tumor Growth. Hepatology 2019; 69:1582-1598. [PMID: 30299561 PMCID: PMC6438749 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary tree in the liver, express primary cilia that can detect several kinds of environmental signals and then transmit this information into the cell. We have reported that cilia are significantly reduced in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and that the experimental deciliation of normal cells induces a malignant-like phenotype with increased proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the chemosensory function of cholangiocyte primary cilia acts as a mechanism for tumor suppression. We found that in the presence of extracellular nucleotides cilia-dependent chemosensation of the nucleotides inhibited migration and invasion in normal ciliated cholangiocytes through a P2Y11 receptor and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-phosphatase and tensin homolog-AKT-dependent mechanism. In contrast, in normal deciliated cholangiocytes and CCA cells, the nucleotides induced the opposite effects, i.e., increased migration and invasion. As activation of LKB1 through a cilia-dependent mechanism was required for the nucleotide-mediated inhibitory effects on migration and invasion, we attempted to activate LKB1 directly, independent of ciliary expression, using the compound hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC). We found that HMC induced activation of LKB1 in both ciliated and deciliated cells in vitro, resulting in the inhibition of migration and proliferation. Furthermore, using a rat syngeneic orthotopic CCA model, we found that HMC inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of the chemosensory function of primary cilia for the control of migration and invasion and suggest that, by directly activating LKB1 and bypassing the need for primary cilia, it is possible to emulate this chemosensory function in CCA cells; these data warrant further studies evaluating the possibility of using HMC as therapy for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P. Mansini
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sujeong Jin
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Address correspondence to Sergio A Gradilone, PhD. Section Leader “Cancer Cell Biology and Translational Research.” The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota. 801 16th Avenue NE. Austin, MN 55912, USA; Tel: +1-507-437-9628;
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von Kügelgen I. Pharmacology of P2Y receptors. Brain Res Bull 2019; 151:12-24. [PMID: 30922852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for extracellular nucleotides. There are eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes divided into two subgroups (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11) and (P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). The P2Y receptors are expressed in various cell types and play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology including inflammatory responses and neuropathic pain. The antagonism of P2Y12 receptors is used in pharmacotherapy for the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular events. The nucleoside analogue ticagrelor and active metabolites of the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel inhibit platelet P2Y12 receptors and reduce thereby platelet aggregation. The P2Y2 receptor agonist diquafosol is used for the treatment of the dry eye syndrome. The P2Y receptor subtypes differ in their amino acid sequences, their pharmacological profiles and their signaling transduction pathways. Recently, selective receptor ligands have been developed for all subtypes. The published crystal structures of the human P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors as well as receptor models will facilitate the development of novel drugs for pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar von Kügelgen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharma Center, University of Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany.
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46
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Mitchell R, Campbell G, Mikolajczak M, McGill K, Mahad D, Fleetwood-Walker SM. A Targeted Mutation Disrupting Mitochondrial Complex IV Function in Primary Afferent Neurons Leads to Pain Hypersensitivity Through P2Y 1 Receptor Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5917-5933. [PMID: 30689196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in neurodegenerative disorders that are accompanied by pain, we generated inducible mutant mice with disruption of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, by COX10 deletion limited to sensory afferent neurons through the use of an Advillin Cre-reporter. COX10 deletion results in a selective energy-deficiency phenotype with minimal production of reactive oxygen species. Mutant mice showed reduced activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV in many sensory neurons, increased ADP/ATP ratios in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord synaptoneurosomes, as well as impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, in these synaptoneurosome preparations. These changes were accompanied by marked pain hypersensitivity in mechanical and thermal (hot and cold) tests without altered motor function. To address the underlying basis, we measured Ca2+ fluorescence responses of dorsal spinal cord synaptoneurosomes to activation of the GluK1 (kainate) receptor, which we showed to be widely expressed in small but not large nociceptive afferents, and is minimally expressed elsewhere in the spinal cord. Synaptoneurosomes from mutant mice showed greatly increased responses to GluK1 agonist. To explore whether altered nucleotide levels may play a part in this hypersensitivity, we pharmacologically interrogated potential roles of AMP-kinase and ADP-sensitive purinergic receptors. The ADP-sensitive P2Y1 receptor was clearly implicated. Its expression in small nociceptive afferents was increased in mutants, whose in vivo pain hypersensitivity, in mechanical, thermal and cold tests, was reversed by a selective P2Y1 antagonist. Energy depletion and ADP elevation in sensory afferents, due to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV deficiency, appear sufficient to induce pain hypersensitivity, by ADP activation of P2Y1 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism
- Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism
- Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Fluorescence
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity/complications
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/pathology
- Nociception/drug effects
- Pain/complications
- Pain/pathology
- Phenotype
- Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Mitchell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Graham Campbell
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Little France, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marta Mikolajczak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Katie McGill
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Little France, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Don Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Little France, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sue M Fleetwood-Walker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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47
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Ferreira NCDS, Soares-Bezerra RJ, da Silveira RFC, da Silva CM, de Oliveira CS, Calheiros AS, Alves TM, Zani CL, Alves LA. New Insights in Purinergic Therapy: Novel Antagonists for Uridine 5'-Triphosphate-Activated P2Y Receptors from Brazilian Flora. J Med Food 2018; 22:211-224. [PMID: 30526214 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors are physiologically activated by uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) and are widely expressed in many cell types in humans. P2Y2 plays an important role in inflammation and proliferation of tumor cells, which could be attenuated with the use of antagonists. However, little is known about the physiological functions related to P2Y4, due to the lack of selective ligands for these receptors. This can be solved through the search for novel compounds with antagonistic activity. The aim of this study was to discover new potential antagonist candidates for P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors from natural products. We applied a calcium measurement methodology to identify new antagonist candidates for these receptors. First, we established optimal conditions for the calcium assay using J774.G8, a murine macrophage cell line, which expresses functional P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors and then, we performed the screening of plant extracts at a cutoff concentration of 50 μg/mL. ATP and ionomycin, known intracellular calcium inductors, were used to stimulate cells. The calculated EC50 were 11 μM and 103 nM, respectively. These cells also responded to the UTP stimulation with an EC50 of 1.021 μM. Screening assays were performed and a total of 100 extracts from Brazilian plants were tested. Joannesia princeps Vell. (stem) and Peixotoa A. Juss (flower and leaf) extracts stood out due to their ability to inhibit UTP-induced responses without causing cytotoxicity, and presented an IC50 of 32.32, 14.99, and 12.98 μg/mL, respectively. Collectively, our results point to the discovery of potential antagonist candidates from Brazilian flora for UTP-activated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo José Soares-Bezerra
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clayton Menezes da Silva
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Santos de Oliveira
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Surrage Calheiros
- 2 Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Alves
- 3 Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leomar Zani
- 3 Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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48
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Coover RA, Healy TE, Guo L, Chaney KE, Hennigan RF, Thomson CS, Aschbacher-Smith LE, Jankowski MP, Ratner N. Tonic ATP-mediated growth suppression in peripheral nerve glia requires arrestin-PP2 and is evaded in NF1. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:127. [PMID: 30470263 PMCID: PMC6251093 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal Schwann cells (SCs) are quiescent in adult nerves, when ATP is released from the nerve in an activity dependent manner. We find that suppressing nerve activity in adult nerves causes SC to enter the cell cycle. In vitro, ATP activates the SC G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) P2Y2. Downstream of P2Y2, β-arrestin-mediated signaling results in PP2-mediated de-phosphorylation of AKT, and PP2 activity is required for SC growth suppression. NF1 deficient SC show reduced growth suppression by ATP, and are resistant to the effects of β-arrestin-mediated signaling, including PP2-mediated de-phosphorylation of AKT. In patients with the disorder Neurofibromatosis type 1, NF1 mutant SCs proliferate and form SC tumors called neurofibromas. Elevating ATP levels in vivo reduced neurofibroma cell proliferation. Thus, the low proliferation characteristic of differentiated adult peripheral nerve may require ongoing, nerve activity-dependent, ATP. Additionally, we identify a mechanism through which NF1 SCs may evade growth suppression in nerve tumors.
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Liu B, Cao W, Li J, Liu J. Lysosomal exocytosis of ATP is coupled to P2Y 2 receptor in marginal cells in the stria vascular in neonatal rats. Cell Calcium 2018; 76:62-71. [PMID: 30273839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored as lysosomal vesicles in marginal cells of the stria vascular in neonatal rats, but the mechanisms of ATP release are unclear. Primary cultures of marginal cells from 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were established. P2Y2 receptor and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor were immunolabelled in marginal cells of the stria vascular. We found that 30 μM ATP and 30 μM uridine triphosphate (UTP) evoked comparable significant increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the response was suppressed by 100 μM suramin, 10 μM 1-(6-(17β-3-methoxyester-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)-hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione(U-73122), 100 μM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and 5 μM thapsigargin (TG), thus indicating that ATP coupled with the P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway to evoke Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Incubation with 200 μM Gly-Phe-β-naphthylamide (GPN) selectively disrupted lysosomes and caused significant increases in [Ca2+]I; this effect was partly inhibited by P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway antagonists. After pre-treatment with 5 μM TG, [Ca2+]i was significantly lower than that after treatment with P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway antagonists under the same conditions, thus indicating that lysosomal Ca2+ triggers Ca2+ release from ER Ca2+ stores. Baseline [Ca2+]i declined after treatment with the Ca2+ chelator 50 μM bis-(aminophenolxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid acetoxyme-thyl ester (BAPTA-AM) and 4 IU/ml apyrase. 30 μM ATP decrease of the number of quinacrine-positive vesicles via lysosome exocytosis, whereas the number of lysosomes did not change. However, lysosome exocytosis was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment with 5 μM vacuolin-1. Release of ATP and β-hexosaminidase both increased after treatment with 200 μM GPN and 5 μM TG, but decreased after incubation with 50 μM BAPTA-AM, 4 IU/ml apyrase and 5 μM vacuolin-1. We suggest that ATP triggers Ca2+ release from the ER, thereby contributing to secretion of lysosomal ATP via lysosomal exocytosis. Lysosomal stored Ca2+ triggers Ca2+ release from the ER directly though the IP3 receptors, and lysosomal ATP evokes Ca2+ signals indirectly via the P2Y2R-PLC-IP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxin Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Ito N, Ruegg UT, Takeda S. ATP-Induced Increase in Intracellular Calcium Levels and Subsequent Activation of mTOR as Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092804. [PMID: 30231482 PMCID: PMC6163678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, are activated by exercise, and promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms by which these pathways are activated by physiological stimulation are not fully understood. Here we show that extracellular ATP activates these pathways by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), and promotes muscle hypertrophy. [Ca2+]i in skeletal muscle was transiently increased after exercise. Treatment with ATP induced the increase in [Ca2+]i through the P2Y₂ receptor/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor pathway, and subsequent activation of mTOR in vitro. In addition, the ATP-induced increase in [Ca2+]i coordinately activated Erk1/2, p38 MAPK and mTOR that upregulated translation of JunB and interleukin-6. ATP also induced an increase in [Ca2+]i in isolated soleus muscle fibers, but not in extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers. Furthermore, administration of ATP led to muscle hypertrophy in an mTOR- and Ca2+-dependent manner in soleus, but not in plantaris muscle, suggesting that ATP specifically regulated [Ca2+]i in slow muscles. These findings suggest that ATP and [Ca2+]i are important mediators that convert mechanical stimulation into the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and point to the P2Y receptor as a therapeutic target for treating muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ito
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Urs T Ruegg
- Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan.
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