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Gill D, Dib MJ, Gill R, Bornstein SR, Burgess S, Birkenfeld AL. Effects of ACLY Inhibition on Body Weight Distribution: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1059. [PMID: 39202419 PMCID: PMC11353272 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibition has proven clinically efficacious for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) lowering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Clinical and genetic evidence suggests that some LDL-c lowering strategies, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibition with statin therapy increase body weight and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether ACLY inhibition affects metabolic risk factors is currently unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of ACLY inhibition on glycaemic and anthropometric traits using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: As genetic instruments for ACLY inhibition, we selected weakly correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ACLY gene associated with lower ACLY gene expression in the eQTLGen study (N = 31,684) and lower LDL-c levels in the Global Lipid Genetic Consortium study (N = 1.65 million). Two-sample Mendelian randomization was employed to investigate the effects of ACLY inhibition on T2DM risk, and glycaemic and anthropometric traits using summary data from large consortia, with sample sizes ranging from 151,013 to 806,834 individuals. Findings for genetically predicted ACLY inhibition were compared to those obtained for genetically predicted HMGCR inhibition using the same instrument selection strategy and outcome data. Results: Primary MR analyses showed that genetically predicted ACLY inhibition was associated with lower waist-to-hip ratio (β per 1 standard deviation lower LDL-c: -1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.61 to -0.73; p < 0.001) but not with risk of T2DM (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation lower LDL-c: 0.74, 95% CI = 0.25 to 2.19, p = 0.59). In contrast, genetically predicted HMGCR inhibition was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio (β = 0.15; 95%CI = 0.04 to 0.26; p = 0.008) and T2DM risk (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.36, p < 0.001). The MR analyses considering secondary outcomes showed that genetically predicted ACLY inhibition was associated with a lower waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (β = -1.41; 95%CI = -1.81 to -1.02; p < 0.001). In contrast, genetically predicted HMGCR inhibition was associated with higher HbA1c (β = 0.19; 95%CI = 0.23 to 0.49; p < 0.001) and BMI (β = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.23 to 0.49; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Human genetic evidence supports the metabolically favourable effects of ACLY inhibition on body weight distribution, in contrast to HMGCR inhibition. These findings should be used to guide and prioritize ongoing clinical development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- Primula Group Ltd., London N8 0RL, UK;
| | - Marie-Joe Dib
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | | | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Clinic, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK;
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72074Tübingen, Germany
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Jaramillo-Martinez V, Sennoune SR, Tikhonova EB, Karamyshev AL, Ganapathy V, Urbatsch IL. Molecular phenotypes segregate missense mutations in SLC13A5 Epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.594637. [PMID: 38826402 PMCID: PMC11142175 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.594637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT, SLC13A5) mediates citrate uptake across the plasma membrane via an inward Na + gradient. Mutations in SLC13A5 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type-25 (EIEE25, SLC13A5 Epilepsy) due to impaired citrate uptake in neurons. Despite clinical identification of disease-causing mutations, underlying mechanisms and cures remain elusive. We mechanistically classify the molecular phenotypes of six mutations. C50R, T142M, and T227M exhibit impaired citrate transport despite normal expression at the cell surface. G219R, S427L, and L488P are hampered by low protein expression, ER retention, and reduced transport. Mutants' mRNA levels resemble wildtype, suggesting post-translational defects. Class II mutations display immature core-glycosylation and shortened half-lives, indicating protein folding defects. These experiments provide a comprehensive understanding of the mutation's defects in SLC13A5 Epilepsy at the biochemical and molecular level and shed light into the trafficking pathway(s) of NaCT. The two classes of mutations will require fundamentally different treatment approaches to either restore transport function, or enable correction of protein folding defects. Summary Loss-of-function mutations in the SLC13A5 causes SLC13A5-Epilepsy, a devastating disease characterized by neonatal epilepsy. Currently no cure is available. We clarify the molecular-level defects to guide future developments for phenotype-specific treatment of disease-causing mutations.
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Gill D, Zagkos L, Gill R, Benzing T, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL, Burgess S, Zahn G. The citrate transporter SLC13A5 as a therapeutic target for kidney disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization to inform drug development. BMC Med 2023; 21:504. [PMID: 38110950 PMCID: PMC10729503 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5) is a Na+-coupled citrate co-transporter that mediates entry of extracellular citrate into the cytosol. SLC13A5 inhibition has been proposed as a target for reducing progression of kidney disease. The aim of this study was to leverage the Mendelian randomization paradigm to gain insight into the effects of SLC13A5 inhibition in humans, towards prioritizing and informing clinical development efforts. METHODS The primary Mendelian randomization analyses investigated the effect of SLC13A5 inhibition on measures of kidney function, including creatinine and cystatin C-based measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate (creatinine-eGFR and cystatin C-eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR), and risk of chronic kidney disease and microalbuminuria. Secondary analyses included a paired plasma and urine metabolome-wide association study, investigation of secondary traits related to SLC13A5 biology, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), and a proteome-wide association study. All analyses were compared to the effect of genetically predicted plasma citrate levels using variants selected from across the genome, and statistical sensitivity analyses robust to the inclusion of pleiotropic variants were also performed. Data were obtained from large-scale genetic consortia and biobanks, with sample sizes ranging from 5023 to 1,320,016 individuals. RESULTS We found evidence of associations between genetically proxied SLC13A5 inhibition and higher creatinine-eGFR (p = 0.002), cystatin C-eGFR (p = 0.005), and lower BUN (p = 3 × 10-4). Statistical sensitivity analyses robust to the inclusion of pleiotropic variants suggested that these effects may be a consequence of higher plasma citrate levels. There was no strong evidence of associations of genetically proxied SLC13A5 inhibition with uACR or risk of CKD or microalbuminuria. Secondary analyses identified evidence of associations with higher plasma calcium levels (p = 6 × 10-13) and lower fasting glucose (p = 0.02). PheWAS did not identify any safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization analysis provides human-centric insight to guide clinical development of an SLC13A5 inhibitor. We identify plasma calcium and citrate as biologically plausible biomarkers of target engagement, and plasma citrate as a potential biomarker of mechanism of action. Our human genetic evidence corroborates evidence from various animal models to support effects of SLC13A5 inhibition on improving kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Primula Group Ltd, London, UK.
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology and Nephrology, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Translational Diabetology, Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Icard P, Simula L, Zahn G, Alifano M, Mycielska ME. The dual role of citrate in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188987. [PMID: 37717858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Citrate is a key metabolite of the Krebs cycle that can also be exported in the cytosol, where it performs several functions. In normal cells, citrate sustains protein acetylation, lipid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion, bone tissues formation, spermatozoid mobility, and immune response. Dysregulation of citrate metabolism is implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. Here we discuss how cancer cells use citrate to sustain their proliferation, survival, and metastatic progression. Also, we propose two paradoxically opposite strategies to reduce tumour growth by targeting citrate metabolism in preclinical models. In the first strategy, we propose to administer in the tumor microenvironment a high amount of citrate, which can then act as a glycolysis inhibitor and apoptosis inducer, whereas the other strategy targets citrate transporters to starve cancer cells from citrate. These strategies, effective in several preclinical in vitro and in vivo cancer models, could be exploited in clinics, particularly to increase sensibility to current anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086 Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Caen, France; Service of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-, HP, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, University of Paris-Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | | | - Marco Alifano
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-, HP, 75014, Paris, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maria E Mycielska
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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A Novel and Cross-Species Active Mammalian INDY (NaCT) Inhibitor Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080732. [PMID: 36005604 PMCID: PMC9413491 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian INDY (mINDY, NaCT, gene symbol SLC13A5) is a potential target for the treatment of metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study evaluated the effects of a selective, cross-species active, non-competitive, non-substrate-like inhibitor of NaCT. First, the small molecule inhibitor ETG-5773 was evaluated for citrate and succinate uptake and fatty acid synthesis in cell lines expressing both human NaCT and mouse Nact. Once its suitability was established, the inhibitor was evaluated in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. DIO mice treated with 15 mg/kg compound ETG-5773 twice daily for 28 days had reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin, and improved glucose tolerance. Liver triglycerides were significantly reduced, and body composition was improved by reducing fat mass, supported by a significant reduction in the expression of genes for lipogenesis such as SREBF1 and SCD1. Most of these effects were also evident after a seven-day treatment with the same dose. Further mechanistic investigation in the seven-day study showed increased plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and activated hepatic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reflecting findings from Indy (−/−) knockout mice. These results suggest that the inhibitor ETG-5773 blocked citrate uptake mediated by mouse and human NaCT to reduce liver steatosis and body fat and improve glucose regulation, proving the concept of NaCT inhibition as a future liver treatment for MAFLD.
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Mishra D, Kannan K, Meadows K, Macro J, Li M, Frankel S, Rogina B. INDY-From Flies to Worms, Mice, Rats, Non-Human Primates, and Humans. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:782162. [PMID: 35822025 PMCID: PMC9261455 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.782162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
I’m Not Dead Yet (Indy) is a fly homologue of the mammalian SLC13A5 (mSLC13A5) plasma membrane citrate transporter, a key metabolic regulator and energy sensor involved in health, longevity, and disease. Reduction of Indy gene activity in flies, and its homologs in worms, modulates metabolism and extends longevity. The metabolic changes are similar to what is obtained with caloric restriction (dietary restriction). Similar effects on metabolism have been observed in mice and rats. As a citrate transporter, INDY regulates cytoplasmic citrate levels. Indy flies heterozygous for a P-element insertion have increased spontaneous physical activity, increased fecundity, reduced insulin signaling, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, preserved intestinal stem cell homeostasis, lower lipid levels, and increased stress resistance. Mammalian Indy knockout (mIndy-KO) mice have higher sensitivity to insulin signaling, lower blood pressure and heart rate, preserved memory and are protected from the negative effects of a high-fat diet and some of the negative effects of aging. Reducing mIndy expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells has recently been shown to inhibit cell proliferation. Reduced Indy expression in the fly intestine affects intestinal stem cell proliferation, and has recently been shown to also inhibit germ cell proliferation in males with delayed sperm maturation and decreased spermatocyte numbers. These results highlight a new connection between energy metabolism and cell proliferation. The overrall picture in a variety of species points to a conserved role of INDY for metabolism and health. This is illustrated by an association of high mIndy gene expression with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese humans. mIndy (mSLC13A5) coding region mutations (e.g., loss-of-function) are also associated with adverse effects in humans, such as autosomal recessive early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and Kohlschütter−Tönz syndrome. The recent findings illustrate the importance of mIndy gene for human health and disease. Furthermore, recent work on small-molecule regulators of INDY highlights the promise of INDY-based treatments for ameliorating disease and promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Mishra
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kavitha Kannan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kali Meadows
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Jacob Macro
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stewart Frankel
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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7
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Sauer DB, Marden JJ, Sudar JC, Song J, Mulligan C, Wang DN. Structural basis of ion - substrate coupling in the Na +-dependent dicarboxylate transporter VcINDY. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2644. [PMID: 35551191 PMCID: PMC9098524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from Vibrio cholerae (VcINDY) is a prototype for the divalent anion sodium symporter (DASS) family. While the utilization of an electrochemical Na+ gradient to power substrate transport is well established for VcINDY, the structural basis of this coupling between sodium and substrate binding is not currently understood. Here, using a combination of cryo-EM structure determination, succinate binding and site-directed cysteine alkylation assays, we demonstrate that the VcINDY protein couples sodium- and substrate-binding via a previously unseen cooperative mechanism by conformational selection. In the absence of sodium, substrate binding is abolished, with the succinate binding regions exhibiting increased flexibility, including HPinb, TM10b and the substrate clamshell motifs. Upon sodium binding, these regions become structurally ordered and create a proper binding site for the substrate. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that VcINDY's conformational selection mechanism is a result of the sodium-dependent formation of the substrate binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Sauer
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer J Marden
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C Sudar
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jinmei Song
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Da-Neng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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8
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Sauer DB, Wang B, Sudar JC, Song J, Marden J, Rice WJ, Wang DN. The ups and downs of elevator-type di-/tricarboxylate membrane transporters. FEBS J 2022; 289:1515-1523. [PMID: 34403567 PMCID: PMC9832446 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The divalent anion sodium symporter (DASS) family contains both sodium-driven anion cotransporters and anion/anion exchangers. The family belongs to a broader ion transporter superfamily (ITS), which comprises 24 families of transporters, including those of AbgT antibiotic efflux transporters. The human proteins in the DASS family play major physiological roles and are drug targets. We recently determined multiple structures of the human sodium-dependent citrate transporter (NaCT) and the succinate/dicarboxylate transporter from Lactobacillus acidophilus (LaINDY). Structures of both proteins show high degrees of structural similarity to the previously determined VcINDY fold. Conservation between these DASS protein structures and those from the AbgT family indicates that the VcINDY fold represents the overall protein structure for the entire ITS. The new structures of NaCT and LaINDY are captured in the inward- or outward-facing conformations, respectively. The domain arrangements in these structures agree with a rigid body elevator-type transport mechanism for substrate translocation across the membrane. Two separate NaCT structures in complex with a substrate or an inhibitor allowed us to explain the inhibition mechanism and propose a detailed classification scheme for grouping disease-causing mutations in the human protein. Structural understanding of multiple kinetic states of DASS proteins is a first step toward the detailed characterization of their entire transport cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Sauer
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C. Sudar
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jinmei Song
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jennifer Marden
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William J. Rice
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Da-Neng Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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9
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Li Z, Li L, Heyward S, Men S, Xu M, Sueyoshi T, Wang H. Phenobarbital Induces SLC13A5 Expression through Activation of PXR but Not CAR in Human Primary Hepatocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123381. [PMID: 34943889 PMCID: PMC8699749 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB), a widely used antiepileptic drug, is known to upregulate the expression of numerous drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the liver primarily via activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3). The solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5), a sodium-coupled citrate transporter, plays an important role in intracellular citrate homeostasis that is associated with a number of metabolic syndromes and neurological disorders. Here, we show that PB markedly elevates the expression of SLC13A5 through a pregnane X receptor (PXR)-dependent but CAR-independent signaling pathway. In human primary hepatocytes, the mRNA and protein expression of SLC13A5 was robustly induced by PB treatment, while genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PXR significantly attenuated this induction. Utilizing genetically modified HepaRG cells, we found that PB induces SLC13A5 expression in both wild type and CAR-knockout HepaRG cells, whereas such induction was fully abolished in the PXR-knockout HepaRG cells. Mechanistically, we identified and functionally characterized three enhancer modules located upstream from the transcription start site or introns of the SLC13A5 gene that are associated with the regulation of PXR-mediated SLC13A5 induction. Moreover, metformin, a deactivator of PXR, dramatically suppressed PB-mediated induction of hepatic SLC13A5 as well as its activation of the SLC13A5 luciferase reporter activity via PXR. Collectively, these data reveal PB as a potent inducer of SLC13A5 through the activation of PXR but not CAR in human primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Scott Heyward
- BioIVT, 1450 S Rolling Road, Halethorpe, MD 21227, USA;
| | - Shuaiqian Men
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Meishu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Tatsuya Sueyoshi
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-1280
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10
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Jeong J, Lee J, Kim JH, Lim C. Metabolic flux from the Krebs cycle to glutamate transmission tunes a neural brake on seizure onset. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009871. [PMID: 34714823 PMCID: PMC8555787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) manifests as neurological dysfunctions, including early-onset seizures. Mutations in the citrate transporter SLC13A5 are associated with KTS, yet their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that a Drosophila SLC13A5 homolog, I'm not dead yet (Indy), constitutes a neurometabolic pathway that suppresses seizure. Loss of Indy function in glutamatergic neurons caused "bang-induced" seizure-like behaviors. In fact, glutamate biosynthesis from the citric acid cycle was limiting in Indy mutants for seizure-suppressing glutamate transmission. Oral administration of the rate-limiting α-ketoglutarate in the metabolic pathway rescued low glutamate levels in Indy mutants and ameliorated their seizure-like behaviors. This metabolic control of the seizure susceptibility was mapped to a pair of glutamatergic neurons, reversible by optogenetic controls of their activity, and further relayed onto fan-shaped body neurons via the ionotropic glutamate receptors. Accordingly, our findings reveal a micro-circuit that links neural metabolism to seizure, providing important clues to KTS-associated neurodevelopmental deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-hyung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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11
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Brown TL, Nye KL, Porter BE. Growth and Overall Health of Patients with SLC13A5 Citrate Transporter Disorder. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110746. [PMID: 34822404 PMCID: PMC8625967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We were interested in elucidating the non-neurologic health of patients with autosomal recessive SLC13A5 Citrate Transporter (NaCT) Disorder. Multiple variants have been reported that cause a loss of transporter activity, resulting in significant neurologic impairment, including seizures, as well as motor and cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, most patients lack tooth enamel (amelogenesis imperfecta). However, patients have not had their overall health and growth described in detail. Here we characterized the non-neurologic health of 15 patients with medical records uploaded to Ciitizen, a cloud-based patient medical records portal. Ciitizen used a query method for data extraction. Overall, the patients’ records suggested a moderate number of gastrointestinal issues related to feeding, reflux, vomiting and weight gain and a diverse number of respiratory complaints. Other organ systems had single or no abnormal diagnoses, including liver, renal and cardiac. Growth parameters were mostly in the normal range during early life, with a trend toward slower growth in the few adolescent patients with data available. The gastrointestinal and pulmonary issues may at least partially be explained by the severity of the neurologic disorder. More data are needed to clarify if growth is impacted during adolescence and if adult patients develop or are protected from non-neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Brown
- Treatments for Epilepsy and Symptoms of SLC13A5 Foundation, TESS Research Foundation, Menlo Park, CA 94026, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kimberly L. Nye
- Treatments for Epilepsy and Symptoms of SLC13A5 Foundation, TESS Research Foundation, Menlo Park, CA 94026, USA;
| | - Brenda E. Porter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94070, USA;
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12
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Kannan K, Rogina B. The Role of Citrate Transporter INDY in Metabolism and Stem Cell Homeostasis. Metabolites 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 34677421 PMCID: PMC8540898 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
I'm Not Dead Yet (Indy) is a fly gene that encodes a homologue of mammalian SLC13A5 plasma membrane citrate transporter. Reducing expression of Indy gene in flies, and its homologues in worms, extends longevity. Indy reduction in flies, worms, mice and rats affects metabolism by regulating the levels of cytoplasmic citrate, inducing a state similar to calorie restriction. Changes include lower lipid levels, increased insulin sensitivity, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and prevention of weight gain, among others. The INDY protein is predominantly expressed in fly metabolic tissues: the midgut, fat body and oenocytes. Changes in fly midgut metabolism associated with reduced Indy gene activity lead to preserved mitochondrial function and reduced production of reactive oxygen species. All these changes lead to preserved intestinal stem cell homeostasis, which has a key role in maintaining intestinal epithelium function and enhancing fly healthspan and lifespan. Indy gene expression levels change in response to caloric content of the diet, inflammation and aging, suggesting that INDY regulates metabolic adaptation to nutrition or energetic requirements by controlling citrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kannan
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
- Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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13
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Molecular Mechanisms of the SLC13A5 Gene Transcription. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100706. [PMID: 34677420 PMCID: PMC8537064 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate is a crucial energy sensor that plays a central role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. The solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5), a sodium-coupled citrate transporter highly expressed in the mammalian liver with relatively low levels in the testis and brain, imports citrate from extracellular spaces into the cells. The perturbation of SLC13A5 expression and/or activity is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, insulin resistance, cell proliferation, and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. SLC13A5 has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of these metabolic disorders. In the liver, the inductive expression of SLC13A5 has been linked to several xenobiotic receptors such as the pregnane X receptor and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as well as certain hormonal and nutritional stimuli. Nevertheless, in comparison to the heightened interest in understanding the biological function and clinical relevance of SLC13A5, studies focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of SLC13A5 expression are relatively limited. In this review, we discuss the current advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of SLC13A5 is regulated. We expect this review will provide greater insights into the regulation of the SLC13A5 gene transcription and the signaling pathways involved therein.
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14
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Jaramillo-Martinez V, Sivaprakasam S, Ganapathy V, Urbatsch IL. Drosophila INDY and Mammalian INDY: Major Differences in Transport Mechanism and Structural Features despite Mostly Similar Biological Functions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100669. [PMID: 34677384 PMCID: PMC8537002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INDY (I’m Not Dead Yet) is a plasma membrane transporter for citrate, first identified in Drosophila. Partial deficiency of INDY extends lifespan in this organism in a manner similar to that of caloric restriction. The mammalian counterpart (NaCT/SLC13A5) also transports citrate. In mice, it is the total, not partial, absence of the transporter that leads to a metabolic phenotype similar to that caloric restriction; however, there is evidence for subtle neurological dysfunction. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC13A5 (solute carrier gene family 13, member A5) occur in humans, causing a recessive disease, with severe clinical symptoms manifested by neonatal seizures and marked disruption in neurological development. Though both Drosophila INDY and mammalian INDY transport citrate, the translocation mechanism differs, the former being a dicarboxylate exchanger for the influx of citrate2− in exchange for other dicarboxylates, and the latter being a Na+-coupled uniporter for citrate2−. Their structures also differ as evident from only ~35% identity in amino acid sequence and from theoretically modeled 3D structures. The varied biological consequences of INDY deficiency across species, with the beneficial effects predominating in lower organisms and detrimental effects overwhelming in higher organisms, are probably reflective of species-specific differences in tissue expression and also in relative contribution of extracellular citrate to metabolic pathways in different tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Jaramillo-Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Sathish Sivaprakasam
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (S.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (S.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Ina L. Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (S.S.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Consequences of NaCT/SLC13A5/mINDY deficiency: good versus evil, separated only by the blood-brain barrier. Biochem J 2021; 478:463-486. [PMID: 33544126 PMCID: PMC7868109 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NaCT/SLC13A5 is a Na+-coupled transporter for citrate in hepatocytes, neurons, and testes. It is also called mINDY (mammalian ortholog of ‘I'm Not Dead Yet’ in Drosophila). Deletion of Slc13a5 in mice leads to an advantageous phenotype, protecting against diet-induced obesity, and diabetes. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in SLC13A5 in humans cause a severe disease, EIEE25/DEE25 (early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-25/developmental epileptic encephalopathy-25). The difference between mice and humans in the consequences of the transporter deficiency is intriguing but probably explainable by the species-specific differences in the functional features of the transporter. Mouse Slc13a5 is a low-capacity transporter, whereas human SLC13A5 is a high-capacity transporter, thus leading to quantitative differences in citrate entry into cells via the transporter. These findings raise doubts as to the utility of mouse models to evaluate NaCT biology in humans. NaCT-mediated citrate entry in the liver impacts fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis; in neurons, this process is essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and acetylcholine. Thus, SLC13A5 deficiency protects against obesity and diabetes based on what the transporter does in hepatocytes, but leads to severe brain deficits based on what the transporter does in neurons. These beneficial versus detrimental effects of SLC13A5 deficiency are separable only by the blood-brain barrier. Can we harness the beneficial effects of SLC13A5 deficiency without the detrimental effects? In theory, this should be feasible with selective inhibitors of NaCT, which work only in the liver and do not get across the blood-brain barrier.
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16
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A home run for human NaCT/SLC13A5/INDY: cryo-EM structure and homology model to predict transport mechanisms, inhibitor interactions and mutational defects. Biochem J 2021; 478:2051-2057. [PMID: 34101804 PMCID: PMC8203205 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NaCT (SLC13A5) is a Na+-coupled transporter for citrate, which is expressed in the liver, brain, testes, and bone. It is the mammalian homolog of Drosophila INDY, a cation-independent transporter for citrate, whose partial loss extends lifespan in the organism. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in NaCT cause a disease with severe neurological dysfunction, characterized by neonatal epilepsy and delayed brain development. In contrast with humans, deletion of NaCT in mice results in a beneficial metabolic phenotype with protection against diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome; the brain dysfunction is not readily noticeable. The disease-causing mutations are located in different regions of human NaCT protein, suggesting that different mutations might have different mechanisms for the loss of function. The beneficial effects of NaCT loss in the liver versus the detrimental effects of NaCT loss in the brain provide an opportunity to design high-affinity inhibitors for the transporter that do not cross the blood-brain barrier so that only the beneficial effects could be harnessed. To realize these goals, we need a detailed knowledge of the 3D structure of human NaCT. The recent report by Sauer et al. in Nature describing the cryo-EM structure of human NaCT represents such a milestone, paving the way for a better understanding of the structure-function relationship for this interesting and clinically important transporter.
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17
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Functional analysis of a species-specific inhibitor selective for human Na+-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT/SLC13A5/mINDY). Biochem J 2021; 477:4149-4165. [PMID: 33079129 PMCID: PMC7657661 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Na+-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT/SLC13A5/mINDY) in the liver delivers citrate from the blood into hepatocytes. As citrate is a key metabolite and regulator of multiple biochemical pathways, deletion of Slc13a5 in mice protects against diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Silencing the transporter suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, selective blockers of NaCT hold the potential to treat various diseases. Here we report on the characteristics of one such inhibitor, BI01383298. It is known that BI01383298 is a high-affinity inhibitor selective for human NaCT with no effect on mouse NaCT. Here we show that this compound is an irreversible and non-competitive inhibitor of human NaCT, thus describing the first irreversible inhibitor for this transporter. The mouse NaCT is not affected by this compound. The inhibition of human NaCT by BI01383298 is evident for the constitutively expressed transporter in HepG2 cells and for the ectopically expressed human NaCT in HEK293 cells. The IC50 is ∼100 nM, representing the highest potency among the NaCT inhibitors known to date. Exposure of HepG2 cells to this inhibitor results in decreased cell proliferation. We performed molecular modeling of the 3D-structures of human and mouse NaCTs using the crystal structure of a humanized variant of VcINDY as the template, and docking studies to identify the amino acid residues involved in the binding of citrate and BI01383298. These studies provide insight into the probable bases for the differential effects of the inhibitor on human NaCT versus mouse NaCT as well as for the marked species-specific difference in citrate affinity.
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18
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Sauer DB, Song J, Wang B, Hilton JK, Karpowich NK, Mindell JA, Rice WJ, Wang DN. Structure and inhibition mechanism of the human citrate transporter NaCT. Nature 2021; 591:157-161. [PMID: 33597751 PMCID: PMC7933130 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrate is most well-known as an intermediate in the TCA cycle of the cell. In addition to this essential role in energy metabolism, the tricarboxylate anion also acts as both a precursor and a regulator of fatty acid synthesis 1–3. Thus, the rate of fatty acid synthesis correlates directly with the cytosolic citrate concentration 4,5. Liver cells import citrate via the sodium-dependent citrate transporter NaCT (SLC13A5), and as a consequence this protein is a potential target for anti-obesity drugs. To understand the structural basis of its inhibition mechanism, we have determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of human NaCT in complex with citrate and with a small molecule inhibitor. These structures reveal how the inhibitor, bound at the same site as citrate, arrests the protein’s transport cycle. The NaCT-inhibitor structure also explains why the compound selectively inhibits NaCT over two homologous human dicarboxylate transporters, and suggests ways to further improve the affinity and selectivity. Finally, the NaCT structures provide a framework for understanding how various mutations abolish NaCT’s transport activity in the brain and thereby cause SLC13A5-Epilepsy in newborns 6–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Sauer
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinmei Song
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob K Hilton
- Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan K Karpowich
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Mindell
- Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - William J Rice
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Da-Neng Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Willmes DM, Daniels M, Kurzbach A, Lieske S, Bechmann N, Schumann T, Henke C, El-Agroudy NN, Da Costa Goncalves AC, Peitzsch M, Hofmann A, Kanczkowski W, Kräker K, Müller DN, Morawietz H, Deussen A, Wagner M, El-Armouche A, Helfand SL, Bornstein SR, de Cabo R, Bernier M, Eisenhofer G, Tank J, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL. The longevity gene mIndy (I'm Not Dead, Yet) affects blood pressure through sympathoadrenal mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:136083. [PMID: 33491666 PMCID: PMC7934862 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of the plasma membrane citrate transporter INDY (acronym I’m Not Dead, Yet) extends life span in lower organisms. Deletion of the mammalian Indy (mIndy) gene in rodents improves metabolism via mechanisms akin to caloric restriction, known to lower blood pressure (BP) by sympathoadrenal inhibition. We hypothesized that mIndy deletion attenuates sympathoadrenal support of BP. Continuous arterial BP and heart rate (HR) were reduced in mINDY-KO mice. Concomitantly, urinary catecholamine content was lower, and the decreases in BP and HR by mIndy deletion were attenuated after autonomic ganglionic blockade. Catecholamine biosynthesis pathways were reduced in mINDY-KO adrenals using unbiased microarray analysis. Citrate, the main mINDY substrate, increased catecholamine content in pheochromocytoma cells, while pharmacological inhibition of citrate uptake blunted the effect. Our data suggest that deletion of mIndy reduces sympathoadrenal support of BP and HR by attenuating catecholamine biosynthesis. Deletion of mIndy recapitulates beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic responses to caloric restriction, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Deletion of mIndy reduces blood pressure and heart rate by attenuating catecholamine biosynthesis and recapitulates beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic responses to caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Daniels
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anica Kurzbach
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Lieske
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nermeen N El-Agroudy
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kanczkowski
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, and
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephen L Helfand
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Tank
- Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Mota-Martorell N, Jové M, Borrás C, Berdún R, Obis È, Sol J, Cabré R, Pradas I, Galo-Licona JD, Puig J, Viña J, Pamplona R. Methionine transsulfuration pathway is upregulated in long-lived humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:38-52. [PMID: 33271279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Available evidences point to methionine metabolism as a key target to study the molecular adaptive mechanisms underlying differences in longevity. The plasma methionine metabolic profile was determined using a LC-MS/MS platform to systematically define specific phenotypic patterns associated with genotypes of human extreme longevity (centenarians). Our findings demonstrate the presence of a specific plasma profile associated with human longevity characterized by an enhanced transsulfuration pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, as well as a reduced content of specific amino acids. Furthermore, our work reveals that centenarians maintain a strongly correlated methionine metabolism, suggesting an improved network integrity, homeostasis and more tightly regulated metabolism. We have discovered a particular methionine signature related to the condition of extreme longevity, allowing the identification of potential mechanisms and biomarkers of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Institut Català de la Salut, Atenció Primària, Lleida, Spain; Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, IDI), University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Haferkamp S, Drexler K, Federlin M, Schlitt HJ, Berneburg M, Adamski J, Gaumann A, Geissler EK, Ganapathy V, Parkinson EK, Mycielska ME. Extracellular Citrate Fuels Cancer Cell Metabolism and Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602476. [PMID: 33425906 PMCID: PMC7793864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need excess energy and essential nutrients/metabolites not only to divide and proliferate but also to migrate and invade distant organs for metastasis. Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, considered a hallmark of cancer for anabolism and membrane biogenesis, requires citrate. We review here potential pathways in which citrate is synthesized and/or supplied to cancer cells and the impact of extracellular citrate on cancer cell metabolism and growth. Cancer cells employ different mechanisms to support mitochondrial activity and citrate synthesis when some of the necessary substrates are missing in the extracellular space. We also discuss the different transport mechanisms available for the entry of extracellular citrate into cancer cells and how citrate as a master metabolite enhances ATP production and fuels anabolic pathways. The available literature suggests that cancer cells show an increased metabolic flexibility with which they tackle changing environmental conditions, a phenomenon crucial for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Gaumann
- Institute of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - E. Kenneth Parkinson
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Mycielska
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Jaramillo-Martinez V, Urbatsch IL, Ganapathy V. Functional Distinction between Human and Mouse Sodium-Coupled Citrate Transporters and Its Biologic Significance: An Attempt for Structural Basis Using a Homology Modeling Approach. Chem Rev 2020; 121:5359-5377. [PMID: 33040525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NaCT (SLC13A5; mINDY), a sodium-coupled citrate transporter, is the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila INDY. Loss-of-function mutations in human NaCT cause severe complications with neonatal epilepsy and encephalopathy (EIEE25). Surprisingly, mice lacking this transporter do not have this detrimental brain phenotype. The marked differences in transport kinetics between mouse and human NaCTs provide at least a partial explanation for this conundrum, but a structural basis for the differences is lacking. Neither human nor mouse NaCT has been crystallized, and any information known on their structures is based entirely on what was inferred from the structure of VcINDY, a related transporter in bacteria. Here, we highlight the functional features of human and mouse NaCTs and provide a plausible molecular basis for the differences based on a full-length homology modeling approach. The transport characteristics of human NaCT markedly differ from those of VcINDY. Therefore, the modeling with VcINDY as the template is flawed, but this is the best available option at this time. With the newly deduced model, we determined the likely locations of the disease-causing mutations and propose a new classification for the mutations based on their location and potential impact on transport function. This new information should pave the way for future design and development of novel therapeutics to restore the lost function of the mutant transporters as a treatment strategy for patients with EIEE25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Jaramillo-Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Ina L Urbatsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States.,Center for Membrane Protein Research and Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States.,Center for Membrane Protein Research and Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
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23
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Schumann T, König J, Henke C, Willmes DM, Bornstein SR, Jordan J, Fromm MF, Birkenfeld AL. Solute Carrier Transporters as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:343-379. [PMID: 31882442 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily comprises more than 400 transport proteins mediating the influx and efflux of substances such as ions, nucleotides, and sugars across biological membranes. Over 80 SLC transporters have been linked to human diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This observation highlights the importance of SLCs for human (patho)physiology. Yet, only a small number of SLC proteins are validated drug targets. The most recent drug class approved for the treatment of T2D targets sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, product of the SLC5A2 gene. There is great interest in identifying other SLC transporters as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Finding better treatments will prove essential in future years, given the enormous personal and socioeconomic burden posed by more than 500 million patients with T2D by 2040 worldwide. In this review, we summarize the evidence for SLC transporters as target structures in metabolic disease. To this end, we identified SLC13A5/sodium-coupled citrate transporter, and recent proof-of-concept studies confirm its therapeutic potential in T2D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further SLC transporters were linked in multiple genome-wide association studies to T2D or related metabolic disorders. In addition to presenting better-characterized potential therapeutic targets, we discuss the likely unnoticed link between other SLC transporters and metabolic disease. Recognition of their potential may promote research on these proteins for future medical management of human metabolic diseases such as obesity, fatty liver disease, and T2D. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Given the fact that the prevalence of human metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has dramatically risen, pharmacological intervention will be a key future approach to managing their burden and reducing mortality. In this review, we present the evidence for solute carrier (SLC) genes associated with human metabolic diseases and discuss the potential of SLC transporters as therapeutic target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jörg König
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jens Jordan
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
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24
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Henke C, Töllner K, van Dijk RM, Miljanovic N, Cordes T, Twele F, Bröer S, Ziesak V, Rohde M, Hauck SM, Vogel C, Welzel L, Schumann T, Willmes DM, Kurzbach A, El-Agroudy NN, Bornstein SR, Schneider SA, Jordan J, Potschka H, Metallo CM, Köhling R, Birkenfeld AL, Löscher W. Disruption of the sodium-dependent citrate transporter SLC13A5 in mice causes alterations in brain citrate levels and neuronal network excitability in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105018. [PMID: 32682952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to tissues such as liver, the plasma membrane sodium-dependent citrate transporter, NaCT (SLC13A5), is highly expressed in brain neurons, but its function is not understood. Loss-of-function mutations in the human SLC13A5 gene have been associated with severe neonatal encephalopathy and pharmacoresistant seizures. The molecular mechanisms of these neurological alterations are not clear. We performed a detailed examination of a Slc13a5 deletion mouse model including video-EEG monitoring, behavioral tests, and electrophysiologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. The experiments revealed an increased propensity for epileptic seizures, proepileptogenic neuronal excitability changes in the hippocampus, and significant citrate alterations in the CSF and brain tissue of Slc13a5 deficient mice, which may underlie the neurological abnormalities. These data demonstrate that SLC13A5 is involved in brain citrate regulation and suggest that abnormalities in this regulation can induce seizures. The present study is the first to (i) establish the Slc13a5-knockout mouse model as a helpful tool to study the neuronal functions of NaCT and characterize the molecular mechanisms by which functional deficiency of this citrate transporter causes epilepsy and impairs neuronal function; (ii) evaluate all hypotheses that have previously been suggested on theoretical grounds to explain the neurological phenotype of SLC13A5 mutations; and (iii) indicate that alterations in brain citrate levels result in neuronal network excitability and increased seizure propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Töllner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Maarten van Dijk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Miljanovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ziesak
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Rohde
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Vogel
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Welzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anica Kurzbach
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nermeen N El-Agroudy
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Yang QZ, Spelbrink EM, Nye KL, Hsu ER, Porter BE. Epilepsy and EEG Phenotype of SLC13A5 Citrate Transporter Disorder. Child Neurol Open 2020; 7:2329048X20931361. [PMID: 32551328 PMCID: PMC7281881 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x20931361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SLC13A5 gene, a sodium citrate cotransporter, cause a rare autosomal recessive epilepsy (EIEE25) that begins during the neonatal period and is associated with motor and cognitive impairment. Patient's seizure burden, semiology, and electroencephalography (EEG) findings have not been well characterized. Data on 23 patients, 3 months to 29 years of age are reported. Seizures began during the neonatal period in 22 patients. Although seizures are quite severe in many patients later in life, seizure freedom was attainable in a minority of patients. Multiple patients' chronic seizure management included a few common medications, phenobarbital and valproic acid in particular. Patients EEGs had a relatively well-preserved background for age, even in the face of frequent seizures, little slowing and multiple normal EEGs and do not support an epileptic encephalopathy. Other causes for the motor and cognitive delay beyond epilepsy warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Zhou Yang
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Emily M Spelbrink
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | | | - Emily R Hsu
- TESS Research Foundation, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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26
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Tan M, Mosaoa R, Graham GT, Kasprzyk-Pawelec A, Gadre S, Parasido E, Catalina-Rodriguez O, Foley P, Giaccone G, Cheema A, Kallakury B, Albanese C, Yi C, Avantaggiati ML. Inhibition of the mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, reverts steatosis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation in preclinical models of NAFLD/NASH. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2143-2157. [PMID: 31959914 PMCID: PMC7308387 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its evolution to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common causes of chronic liver damage and transplantation that are reaching epidemic proportions due to the upraising incidence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Currently, there is no approved treatment for NASH. The mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, has been proposed to play an important role in lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role for this protein in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we show that Slc25a1 inhibition with a specific inhibitor compound, CTPI-2, halts salient alterations of NASH reverting steatosis, preventing the evolution to steatohepatitis, reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, while starkly mitigating obesity induced by a high-fat diet. These effects are differentially recapitulated by a global ablation of one copy of the Slc25a1 gene or by a liver-targeted Slc25a1 knockout, which unravel dose-dependent and tissue-specific functions of this protein. Mechanistically, through citrate-dependent activities, Slc25a1 inhibition rewires the lipogenic program, blunts signaling from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits the expression of gluconeogenic genes. The combination of these activities leads not only to inhibition of lipid anabolic processes, but also to a normalization of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance as well. In summary, our data show for the first time that Slc25a1 serves as an important player in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and thus, provides a potentially exploitable and novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Tan
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Rami Mosaoa
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garrett T Graham
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Anna Kasprzyk-Pawelec
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Shreyas Gadre
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Erika Parasido
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Olga Catalina-Rodriguez
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Patricia Foley
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Chunling Yi
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Maria Laura Avantaggiati
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The transport of materials across membranes is a vital process for all aspects of cellular function, including growth, metabolism, and communication. Protein transporters are the molecular gates that control this movement and serve as key points of regulation for these processes, thus representing an attractive class of therapeutic targets. With more than 400 members, the solute carrier (SLC) membrane transport proteins are the largest family of transporters, yet, they are pharmacologically underexploited relative to other protein families and many of the available chemical tools possess suboptimal selectivity and efficacy. Fortuitously, there is increased interest in elucidating the physiological roles of SLCs as well as growing recognition of their therapeutic potential. This Perspective provides an overview of the SLC superfamily, including their biochemical and functional features, as well as their roles in various human diseases. In particular, we explore efforts and associated challenges toward drugging SLCs, as well as highlight opportunities for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Leandro Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Appaso Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Richard Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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28
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Metabolic Biomarkers in Aging and Anti-Aging Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:247-264. [PMID: 31493231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although human life expectancy has increased significantly over the last two centuries, this has not been paralleled by a similar rise in healthy life expectancy. Thus, an important goal of anti-aging research has been to reduce the impact of age-associated diseases as a way of extending the human healthspan. This review will explore some of the potential avenues which have emerged from this research as the most promising strategies and drug targets for therapeutic interventions to promote healthy aging.
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29
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Maruzs T, Simon-Vecsei Z, Kiss V, Csizmadia T, Juhász G. On the Fly: Recent Progress on Autophagy and Aging in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:140. [PMID: 31396511 PMCID: PMC6667644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy ensures the lysosome-mediated breakdown and recycling of self-material, as it not only degrades obsolete or damaged intracellular constituents but also provides building blocks for biosynthetic and energy producing reactions. Studies in animal models including Drosophila revealed that autophagy defects lead to the rapid decline of neuromuscular function, neurodegeneration, sensitivity to stress (such as starvation or oxidative damage), and stem cell loss. Of note, recently identified human Atg gene mutations cause similar symptoms including ataxia and mental retardation. Physiologically, autophagic degradation (flux) is known to decrease during aging, and this defect likely contributes to the development of such age-associated diseases. Many manipulations that extend lifespan (including dietary restriction, reduced TOR kinase signaling, exercise or treatment with various anti-aging substances) require autophagy for their beneficial effect on longevity, pointing to the key role of this housekeeping process. Importantly, genetic (e.g., Atg8a overexpression in either neurons or muscle) or pharmacological (e.g., feeding rapamycin or spermidine to animals) promotion of autophagy has been successfully used to extend lifespan in Drosophila, suggesting that this intracellular degradation pathway can rejuvenate cells and organisms. In this review, we highlight key discoveries and recent progress in understanding the relationship of autophagy and aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Maruzs
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Simon-Vecsei
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kiss
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Ren J, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Metabolic Stress, Autophagy, and Cardiovascular Aging: from Pathophysiology to Therapeutics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:699-711. [PMID: 30145108 PMCID: PMC6151141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in health care have improved the management of cardiometabolic disorders, and prolonged lifespan. However, the ever-rising prevalence of metabolic stress related to obesity (insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) has greatly challenged geriatric care. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal pathways represent two major, yet distinct cellular machineries, for degradation and removal of damaged or long-lived proteins and organelles; the function of which declines with aging. To seek new strategies for cardiovascular aging under various metabolic diseases, it is imperative to understand the precise role for metabolic stress and protein quality control, in particular autophagy, in premature cardiovascular aging. Targeting metabolic stress and autophagy may offer exciting new avenues for the management of cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Dalton Cardiovascular Center and Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Research, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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31
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Hu S, Sprowl JA. Strategies to Reduce Solute Carrier-Mediated Toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:799-802. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Jason A. Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo; State University of New York; Buffalo NY USA
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32
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Wang Y, Moussian B, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Nies AT. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as an innovative preclinical ADME model for solute carrier membrane transporters, with consequences for pharmacology and drug therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1746-1760. [PMID: 29890226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier membrane transporters (SLCs) control cell exposure to small-molecule drugs, thereby contributing to drug efficacy and failure and/or adverse effects. Moreover, SLCs are genetically linked to various diseases. Hence, in-depth knowledge of SLC function is fundamental for a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and the drug development process. Given that the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) expresses SLCs, such as for the excretion of endogenous and toxic compounds by the hindgut and Malpighian tubules, equivalent to human intestine and kidney, this system appears to be a promising preclinical model to use to study human SLCs. Here, we systematically compare current knowledge of SLCs in Drosophila and humans and describe the Drosophila model as an innovative tool for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Wang
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Germany; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France; Applied Zoology, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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33
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von Loeffelholz C, Birkenfeld AL. Reply. Hepatology 2018; 67:452-453. [PMID: 29024037 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Loeffelholz
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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