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Bortolozzi A, Fico G, Berk M, Solmi M, Fornaro M, Quevedo J, Zarate CA, Kessing LV, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. New Advances in the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium: A Neurobiologically Oriented Overview. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:323-357. [PMID: 38697859 PMCID: PMC11068842 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes as well as suicidal behaviors. Nevertheless, despite numerous observed effects on various cellular pathways and biologic systems, the precise mechanism through which lithium stabilizes mood remains elusive. Furthermore, there is recent support for the therapeutic potential of lithium in other brain diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary understanding and predominant theories concerning the diverse mechanisms underlying lithium's effects. These findings are based on investigations utilizing cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have provided additional support for the significance of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition as a crucial mechanism. Furthermore, research has shed more light on the interconnections between GSK3-mediated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuroplasticity processes. Moreover, recent advancements in animal and human models have provided valuable insights into how lithium-induced modifications at the homeostatic synaptic plasticity level may play a pivotal role in its clinical effectiveness. We focused on findings from translational studies suggesting that lithium may interface with microRNA expression. Finally, we are exploring the repurposing potential of lithium beyond bipolar disorder. These recent findings on the therapeutic mechanisms of lithium have provided important clues toward developing predictive models of response to lithium treatment and identifying new biologic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action in stabilizing mood remains elusive. This review presents the latest evidence on lithium's various mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has strengthened glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition, changes at the level of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, and regulation of microRNA expression as key mechanisms, providing an intriguing perspective that may help bridge the mechanistic gap between molecular functions and its clinical efficacy as a mood stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michael Berk
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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Fernández-Pereira C, Penedo MA, Alonso-Núñez A, Rivera-Baltanás T, Viéitez I, Prieto-González JM, Vilariño-Vilariño MI, Olivares JM, Ortolano S, Agís-Balboa RC. Plasma IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 levels are decreased during acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder patients. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1384198. [PMID: 38720780 PMCID: PMC11076695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1384198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent and disabling psychiatric disorder related to low-grade peripheral inflammation and altered levels of the members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of IGF-2, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-7, and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β). Methods: We used the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) to determine the severity of the symptomatology, while proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We included 20 patients with BD who suffered a manic episode and 20 controls. Some BD patients (n = 10) were evaluated after a period (17 ± 8 days) of pharmacological treatment. Results: No statistical difference was found in IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-7, TNF-α, and MIP-1β levels. However, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 levels were found to be statistically decreased in BD patients. Conversely, the MCP-1 level was significantly increased in BD patients, but their levels were normalized after treatment. Intriguingly, only IGFBP-1 levels were significantly decreased after treatment. No significant correlation was found between the YMRS and any of the proteins studied either before or after treatment or between IGF proteins and inflammatory markers. Discussion: To some extent, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 might be further explored as potential indicators of treatment responsiveness or diagnosis biomarkers in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández-Pereira
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Vigo, Spain
- Neuro Epigenetics Lab, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-UVIGO), Vigo, Spain
- Translational Research in Neurological Diseases Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, SERGAS-USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Aránzazu Penedo
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adrián Alonso-Núñez
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-UVIGO), Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Viéitez
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-UVIGO), Vigo, Spain
| | - José María Prieto-González
- Neuro Epigenetics Lab, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Research in Neurological Diseases Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, SERGAS-USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neurology Service, Santiago University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Isabel Vilariño-Vilariño
- Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Vigo, Spain
| | - Saida Ortolano
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Servizo Galego de Saúde-Universidade de Vigo (SERGAS-UVIGO), Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa
- Neuro Epigenetics Lab, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Research in Neurological Diseases Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Hospital Complex, SERGAS-USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neurology Service, Santiago University Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ye SY, Zhao Y, Liu ZB, Luo CP, Xiong JW, Zhan JQ, Li YH, Wei B, Chen CN, Yang YJ. Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with the severity of manic symptoms during manic episodes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354999. [PMID: 38563028 PMCID: PMC10982374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence has indicated that neurodevelopmental defects may underlie the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of neurotrophic factors that are essential for the survival and development of neurons. The present study aims to investigate whether IGF-2 signaling is implicated in the pathophysiological processes of BD. Method 50 healthy controls and 78 patients with BD, including 23 patients who diagnosed acute depressive episode and 55 patients who diagnosed acute manic episode, were recruited in this study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to assess the severity of the depressive and manic symptoms, respectively. The serum IGF-2 level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for between-group comparisons and spearman analysis was used to analyze correlations. Results Patients with BD had lower serum IGF-2 levels (66.08 ± 21.22 ng/ml) when compared to healthy controls (88.72 ± 31.55 ng/ml). BD patients were divided into manic episode and depressive episode subgroups. We found that serum IGF-2 levels were reduced in both the mania and depression subgroups (mania: 67.19 ± 21.52 ng/ml, depression: 63.43 ± 20.67 ng/ml; P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between two groups (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses revealed that the levels of serum IGF-2 were negatively correlated with the YMRS scores in BD patients (r = -0.522, P < 0.001). Furthermore, IGF-2 was found to be an independent contributor to the severity of symptoms in patients with manic episodes (B = -0.610, t = -5.299, P < 0.001). Conclusion Lower serum IGF-2 levels were found in BD patients and correlated with the severity of the manic symptoms in these patients during manic episodes. These results suggest that reduced IGF-2 levels might be involved in the pathophysiology of BD, and serum IGF-2 could be a peripheral biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of manic symptoms in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Ye
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The 3 Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Third People’s Hospital of Ji′an City, Ji′an, China
| | - Cui-Pin Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Pisanu C, Squassina A. RNA Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder and Response to Mood Stabilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10067. [PMID: 37373213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe chronic disorder that represents one of the main causes of disability among young people. To date, no reliable biomarkers are available to inform the diagnosis of BD or clinical response to pharmacological treatment. Studies focused on coding and noncoding transcripts may provide information complementary to genome-wide association studies, allowing to correlate the dynamic evolution of different types of RNAs based on specific cell types and developmental stage with disease development or clinical course. In this narrative review, we summarize findings from human studies that evaluated the potential utility of messenger RNAs and noncoding transcripts, such as microRNAs, circular RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, as peripheral markers of BD and/or response to lithium and other mood stabilizers. The majority of available studies investigated specific targets or pathways, with large heterogeneity in the included type of cells or biofluids. However, a growing number of studies are using hypothesis-free designs, with some studies also integrating data on coding and noncoding RNAs measured in the same participants. Finally, studies conducted in neurons derived from induced-pluripotent stem cells or in brain organoids provide promising preliminary findings supporting the power and utility of these cellular models to investigate the molecular determinants of BD and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
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Cattane N, Courtin C, Mombelli E, Maj C, Mora C, Etain B, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C, Cattaneo A. Transcriptomics and miRNomics data integration in lymphoblastoid cells highlights the key role of immune-related functions in lithium treatment response in Bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:665. [PMID: 36303132 PMCID: PMC9615157 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex mental disease characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. Lithium (Li) represents the mainstay of BD pharmacotherapy, despite the narrow therapeutic index and the high variability in treatment response. However, although several studies have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms underlying Li therapeutic effects remain unclear. METHODS In order to identify molecular signatures and biological pathways associated with Li treatment response, we conducted transcriptome and miRNome microarray analyses on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 20 patients diagnosed with BD classified as Li responders (n = 11) or non-responders (n = 9). RESULTS We found 335 mRNAs and 77 microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly modulated in BD responders versus non-responders. Interestingly, pathway and network analyses on these differentially expressed molecules suggested a modulatory effect of Li on several immune-related functions. Indeed, among the functional molecular nodes, we found NF-κB and TNF. Moreover, networks related to these molecules resulted overall inhibited in BD responder patients, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties of Li. From the integrative analysis between transcriptomics and miRNomics data carried out using miRComb R package on the same samples from patients diagnosed with BD, we found 97 significantly and negatively correlated mRNA-miRNA pairs, mainly involved in inflammatory/immune response. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that Li exerts modulatory effects on immune-related functions and that epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs, can influence the modulation of different genes and pathways involved in Li response. Moreover, our data suggest the potentiality to integrate data coming from different high-throughput approaches as a tool to prioritize genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cindie Courtin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Elisa Mombelli
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Maj
- grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XInstitute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Mora
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bruno Etain
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France ,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP Nord_Université Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France ,grid.484137.d0000 0005 0389 9389Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France ,Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, GHU APHP Nord_Université Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France ,grid.484137.d0000 0005 0389 9389Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neurospsychopharmacologie, OTeN, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Squassina A, Meloni A, Congiu D, Bosganas P, Patrinos GP, Lin R, Turecki G, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Pisanu C. Analysis on in vitro effect of lithium on telomere length in lymphoblastoid cell lines from bipolar disorder patients with different clinical response to long-term lithium treatment. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:45. [PMID: 36253798 PMCID: PMC9575289 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with clinical and biological features of accelerated aging. In our previous studies, we showed that long-term lithium treatment was correlated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in BD patients. A recent study explored the role of TL in BD using patients-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), showing that baseline TL was shorter in BD compared to controls and that lithium in vitro increased TL but only in BD. Here, we used the same cell system (LCLs) to explore if a 7-day treatment protocol with lithium chloride (LiCl) 1 mM was able to highlight differences in TL between BD patients clinically responders (Li-R; n = 15) or non-responders (Li-NR; n = 15) to lithium, and if BD differed from non-psychiatric controls (HC; n = 15).
Results There was no difference in TL between BD patients and HC. Moreover, LiCl did not influence TL in the overall sample, and there was no difference between diagnostic or clinical response groups. Likewise, LiCl did not affect TL in neural precursor cells from healthy donors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a 7-day lithium treatment protocol and the use of LCLs might not represent a suitable approach to deepen our understanding on the role of altered telomere dynamics in BD as previously suggested by studies in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-022-00418-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Squassina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Anna Meloni
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Bosganas
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Rixing Lin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, Mosnerrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
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Hu X, Yu C, Dong T, Yang Z, Fang Y, Jiang Z. Biomarkers and detection methods of bipolar disorder. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Pisanu C, Severino G, De Toma I, Dierssen M, Fusar-Poli P, Gennarelli M, Lio P, Maffioletti E, Maron E, Mehta D, Minelli A, Potier MC, Serretti A, Stacey D, van Westrhenen R, Xicota L, Baune BT, Squassina A. Transcriptional biomarkers of response to pharmacological treatments in severe mental disorders: A systematic review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55:112-157. [PMID: 35016057 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the expression level and activity of genes involved in drug disposition and action in tissues of pharmacological importance have been increasingly investigated in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Findings are promising, but reliable predictive biomarkers of response have yet to be identified. Here we conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo up to 12 September 2020 for studies investigating RNA expression levels in cells or biofluids from patients with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder characterized for response to psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers) or adverse effects. Among 5497 retrieved studies, 123 (63 on antidepressants, 33 on antipsychotics and 27 on mood stabilizers) met inclusion criteria. Studies were either focused on mRNAs (n = 96), microRNAs (n = 19) or long non-coding RNAs (n = 1), with only a minority investigating both mRNAs and microRNAs levels (n = 7). The most replicated results include genes playing a role in inflammation (antidepressants), neurotransmission (antidepressants and antipsychotics) or mitochondrial function (mood stabilizers). Compared to those investigating response to antidepressants, studies focused on antipsychotics or mood stabilizers more often showed lower sample size and lacked replication. Strengths and limitations of available studies are presented and discussed in light of the specific designs, methodology and clinical characterization of included patients for transcriptomic compared to DNA-based studies. Finally, future directions of transcriptomics of psychopharmacological interventions in psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lio
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduard Maron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Divya Mehta
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - David Stacey
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roos van Westrhenen
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology&Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, UK
| | - Laura Xicota
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Tye SJ, Borreggine K, Price JB, Sutor SL, Cuéllar-Barboza AB, McElroy SL, Biernacka JM, Frye MA. Dynamic insulin-stimulated mTOR/GSK3 signaling in peripheral immune cells: Preliminary evidence for an association with lithium response in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:39-47. [PMID: 33864716 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key mechanism of lithium is the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), two contributors to insulin signaling. We explored the relationship between these markers and clinical response to lithium in bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Thirty-four subjects with BD who had been taking lithium for ≥2 years and had a maintenance lithium Alda score defined as either high (≥7; n = 20) or low (≤2; n = 14) were included in the study. Baseline protein expression of GSK3β and mTOR (total and phosphorylated (p)) was obtained from a buffy coat. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a subset of each group (n = 11) were stimulated with insulin (10 µg) and change in protein expression was determined using Western blot. RESULTS In buffy coat samples, significantly higher levels of pmTOR were present in subjects with an Alda score ≤2 (lithium non-responsive), relative to those with scores ≥7 (lithium-responsive). No differences were observed for pGSK3β. In contrast, functional PBMC responses to 5 min of insulin stimulation demonstrated robust increases in pGSK3β (87.05 ± 43.41%) and pmTOR (105.7 ± 66.48%) in the lithium responsive group only. This contrasted observed decreases in pGSK3β (34.08 ± 16.12%) and pmTOR (37.84 ± 14.39%) 5 mins post-insulin in non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic increases in pmTOR and pGSK3β post-insulin stimulation may reflect an immunometabolic state that facilitates lithium response. Further prospective analyses are needed to replicate and extend these preliminary findings and further investigate the role of insulin signaling in lithium response in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah J Tye
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristin Borreggine
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Blair Price
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shari L Sutor
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo B Cuéllar-Barboza
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon School of Medicine, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Identification of molecular signatures and pathways common to blood cells and brain tissue based RNA-Seq datasets of bipolar disorder: Insights from comprehensive bioinformatics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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Fries GR, Zamzow MJ, Colpo GD, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Quevedo J, Arnold JG, Bowden CL, Walss-Bass C. The anti-aging effects of lithium in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with bipolar disorder and controls. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 128:38-42. [PMID: 32516629 PMCID: PMC7484018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been previously associated with accelerated aging, and recent investigations have started to explore the potential anti-aging effects of BD treatments. Lithium, the most commonly used mood stabilizer, has been suggested to impact telomere length in specific populations, although its effects on other aging biomarkers, such as epigenetic aging, have never been investigated. We assessed the in vitro effects of lithium on telomere length and epigenetic aging in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 14 patients with BD and 14 controls, all matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Our results showed that telomere length significantly correlated with chronological age in LCLs in both groups and that BD patients have shorter telomere lengths compared to controls at baseline (vehicle treatment), confirming previous in vivo findings. Moreover, lithium treatment significantly increased telomere length in LCLs from patients, but not in controls. On the other hand, epigenetic age did not correlate with chronological age and was not shown to differ between patients and controls. In addition, lithium did not induce any changes in epigenetic age in cells from either patients or controls. Overall, our results support previous reports of an anti-aging effect of lithium based on its modulation of telomere length and suggest a different lithium effect in cells from patients and controls. Finally, we also discuss the limitations of using transformed LCLs for the study of DNA methylation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R. Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 7000 Fannin St, 77030 Houston, TX.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madeline J. Zamzow
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX
| | - Gabriela D. Colpo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez. Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C. P. 14269, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX
| | - Jodi G. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Charles L. Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. 1941 East Rd, 77054 Houston, TX.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Tunçel ÖK, Sarisoy G, Çetin E, Kaynar Tunçel E, Bilgici B, Karaustaoğlu A. Neurotrophic factors in bipolar disorders patients with manic episode. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:985-993. [PMID: 32283906 PMCID: PMC7379459 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1907-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Neurotrophins are one of the most important molecule groups affecting cerebral neuroplasticity. The amount of
evidence about the role of changes in neuroplasticity in the pathophysiology of bipolar disease is growing. Materials and methods We measured serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, neuritin 1 (Nrn 1) in bipolar 1 manic episode patients (n = 45) and healthy control group. Results When controlled for age, BMI and cortisol, it was found that the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, NT-3, VEGF and FGF-2 of bipolar manic episode patients were not statistically different compared to those of the control group. GDNF level and Nrn 1 levels were significantly lower (P = 0.003 and P = 0.025 respectively) while IGF-1 levels were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.0001). ROC analysis was performed and the area under the the curve was calculated as 0.737, 0.766 for GDNF, IGF-1 respectively. Conclusion The changes in the levels of GDNF, IGF-1 and Nrn 1 might be involved in pathopysiology of bipolar disorder, and GDNF, IGF-1 may be considered as state markers in bipolar manic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Korhan Tunçel
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun,Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sarisoy
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Eda Çetin
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Birşen Bilgici
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun,Turkey
| | - Arzu Karaustaoğlu
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun,Turkey
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Paul P, Iyer S, Nadella RK, Nayak R, Chellappa AS, Ambardar S, Sud R, Sukumaran SK, Purushottam M, Jain S, Viswanath B. Lithium response in bipolar disorder correlates with improved cell viability of patient derived cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7428. [PMID: 32366893 PMCID: PMC7198534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is an effective, well-established treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, the mechanisms of its action, and reasons for variations in clinical response, are unclear. We used neural precursor cells (NPCs) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), from BD patients characterized for clinical response to lithium (using the "Alda scale" and "NIMH Retrospective Life chart method"), to interrogate cellular phenotypes related to both disease and clinical lithium response. NPCs from two biologically related BD patients who differed in their clinical response to lithium were compared with healthy controls. RNA-Seq and analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell viability, and cell proliferation parameters were assessed, with and without in vitro lithium. These parameters were also examined in LCLs from 25 BD patients (16 lithium responders and 9 non-responders), and 12 controls. MMP was lower in both NPCs and LCLs from BD; but it was reversed with in vitro lithium only in LCLs, and this was unrelated to clinical lithium response. The higher cell proliferation observed in BD was unaffected by in vitro lithium. Cell death was greater in BD. However, LCLs from clinical lithium responders could be rescued by addition of in vitro lithium. In vitro lithium also enhanced BCL2 and GSK3B expression in these cells. Our findings indicate cellular phenotypes related to the disease (MMP, cell proliferation) in both NPCs and LCLs; and those related to clinical lithium response (cell viability, BCL2/GSK3B expression) in LCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Paul
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shruti Iyer
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Nadella
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Rashmitha Nayak
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anirudh S Chellappa
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Reeteka Sud
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Biju Viswanath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
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14
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Exploring lithium's transcriptional mechanisms of action in bipolar disorder: a multi-step study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:947-955. [PMID: 31652432 PMCID: PMC7162887 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium has been the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD) for more than six decades. Although the molecular effects of lithium have been studied extensively and gene expression changes are generally believed to be involved, the specific mechanisms of action that mediate mood regulation are still not known. In this study, a multi-step approach was used to explore the transcriptional changes that may underlie lithium's therapeutic efficacy. First, we identified genes that are associated both with lithium exposure and with BD, and second, we performed differential expression analysis of these genes in brain tissue samples from BD patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 42). To identify genes that are regulated by lithium exposure, we used high-sensitivity RNA-sequencing of corpus callosum (CC) tissue samples from lithium-treated (n = 8) and non-treated (n = 9) rats. We found that lithium exposure significantly affected 1108 genes (FDR < 0.05), 702 up-regulated and 406 down-regulated. These genes were mostly enriched for molecular functions related to signal transduction, including well-established lithium-related pathways such as mTOR and Wnt signaling. To identify genes with differential expression in BD, we performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis on BD-associated genetic variants from the most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) using three different gene expression databases. We found 307 unique eQTL genes regulated by BD-associated variants, of which 12 were also significantly modulated by lithium treatment in rats. Two of these showed differential expression in the CC of BD cases: RPS23 was significantly down-regulated (p = 0.0036, fc = 0.80), while GRIN2A showed suggestive evidence of down-regulation in BD (p = 0.056, fc = 0.65). Crucially, GRIN2A was also significantly up-regulated by lithium in the rat brains (p = 2.2e-5, fc = 1.6), which suggests that modulation of GRIN2A expression may be a part of the therapeutic effect of the drug. These results indicate that the recent upsurge in research on this central component of the glutamatergic system, as a target of novel therapeutic agents for affective disorders, is warranted and should be intensified.
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15
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van der Markt A, Klumpers UMH, Dols A, Draisma S, Boks MP, van Bergen A, Ophoff RA, Beekman ATF, Kupka RW. Exploring the clinical utility of two staging models for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:38-45. [PMID: 31449716 PMCID: PMC7065163 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical utility of two staging models for bipolar disorder by examining distribution, correlation, and the relationship to external criteria. These are primarily defined by the recurrence of mood episodes (model A), or by intra-episodic functioning (model B). METHODS In the Dutch Bipolar Cohort, stages according to models A and B were assigned to all patients with bipolar-I-disorder (BD-I; N = 1396). The dispersion of subjects over the stages was assessed and the association between the two models calculated. For both models, change in several clinical markers were concordant with the stage was investigated. RESULTS Staging was possible in 87% of subjects for model A and 75% for model B. For model A, 1079 participants (93%) were assigned to stage 3c (recurrent episodes). Subdividing stage 3c with cut-offs at 5 and 10 episodes resulted in subgroups containing 242, 510, and 327 subjects. For model B, most participants were assigned to stage II (intra-episodic symptoms, N = 431 (41%)) or stage III (inability to work, N = 451 (43%)). A low association between models was found. For both models, the clinical markers "age at onset," "treatment resistance," and "episode acceleration" changed concordant with the stages. CONCLUSION The majority of patients with BD-I clustered in recurrent stage 3 of Model A. Model B showed a larger dispersion. The stepwise change in several clinical markers supports the construct validity of both models. Combining the two staging models and sub-differentiating the recurrent stage into categories with cut-offs at 5 and 10 lifetime episodes improves the clinical utility of staging for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra van der Markt
- PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ursula M. H. Klumpers
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dols
- PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stasja Draisma
- PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marco P. Boks
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Annet van Bergen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Center Rudolf MagnusUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aartjan T. F. Beekman
- PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ralph W. Kupka
- PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health CareAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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16
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Overlapping mechanisms linking insulin resistance with cognition and neuroprogression in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:125-134. [PMID: 31978440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in the progression of both diabetes mellitus and bipolar disorder. The relationship between insulin resistance in diabetes and the risk of developing major neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease has been well described. Insulin resistance and the associated metabolic deficiencies lead to biochemical alteration which hasten neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive impairment. For bipolar disorder, some patients experience a cyclical, yet progressive course of illness. These patients are also more likely to have medical comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and insulin resistance in particular may precede the neuroprogressive course. Diabetes and bipolar disorder share epidemiological, biochemical, and structural signatures, as well as cognitive impairment within similar domains, suggesting a common mechanism between the two conditions. Here we describe the association between insulin resistance and cognitive changes in bipolar disorder, as well as potential implications for therapeutic modulation of neuroprogression.
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17
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Pisanu C, Merkouri Papadima E, Melis C, Congiu D, Loizedda A, Orrù N, Calza S, Orrù S, Carcassi C, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Whole Genome Expression Analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs Suggest the Involvement of miR-320a and miR-155-3p and their Targeted Genes in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236040. [PMID: 31801218 PMCID: PMC6928759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the mainstay in the maintenance of bipolar disorder (BD) and the most efficacious pharmacological treatment in suicide prevention. Nevertheless, its use is hampered by a high interindividual variability and important side effects. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested to modulate lithium response, but findings so far have not allowed identifying molecular targets with predictive value. In this study we used next generation sequencing to measure genome-wide miRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from BD patients excellent responders (ER, n = 12) and non-responders (NR, n = 12) to lithium. These data were integrated with microarray genome-wide expression data to identify pairs of miRNA/mRNA inversely and significantly correlated. Significant pairs were prioritized based on strength of association and in-silico miRNA target prediction analyses to select candidates for validation with qRT-PCR. Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed in ER vs. NR and inversely correlated with 418 genes differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 331 of these correlations were also predicted by in-silico algorithms. miR-320a and miR-155-3p, as well as three of their targeted genes (CAPNS1 (Calpain Small Subunit 1) and RGS16 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16) for miR-320, SP4 (Sp4 Transcription Factor) for miR-155-3p) were validated. These miRNAs and mRNAs were previously implicated in psychiatric disorders (miR-320a and SP4), key processes of the central nervous system (CAPNS1, RGS16, SP4) or pathways involved in mental illnesses (miR-155-3p). Using an integrated approach, we identified miRNAs and their targeted genes potentially involved in lithium response in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Loizedda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (I.R.G.B.), Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4323
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18
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Milanesi E, Voinsky I, Hadar A, Srouji A, Maj C, Shekhtman T, Gershovits M, Gilad S, Chillotti C, Squassina A, Potash JB, Schulze TG, Goes FS, Zandi P, Kelsoe JR, Gurwitz D. RNA sequencing of bipolar disorder lymphoblastoid cell lines implicates the neurotrophic factor HRP-3 in lithium's clinical efficacy. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:449-461. [PMID: 28854847 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1372629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Lithium remains the oldest and most effective treatment for mood stabilisation in bipolar disorder (BD), even though at least half of patients are only partially responsive or do not respond. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with lithium response in BD, based on comparing RNA sequencing information derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of lithium-responsive (LR) versus lithium non-responsive (LNR) BD patients, to assess gene expression variations that might bear on treatment outcome. Methods: RNA sequencing was carried out on 24 LCLs from female BD patients (12 LR and 12 LNR) followed by qPCR validation in two additional independent cohorts (41 and 17 BD patients, respectively). Results: Fifty-six genes showed nominal differential expression comparing LR and LNR (FC ≥ |1.3|, P ≤ 0.01). The differential expression of HDGFRP3 and ID2 was validated by qPCR in the independent cohorts. Conclusions: We observed higher expression levels of HDGFRP3 and ID2 in BD patients who favourably respond to lithium. Both of these genes are involved in neurogenesis, and HDGFRP3 has been suggested to be a neurotrophic factor. Additional studies in larger BD cohorts are needed to confirm the potential of HDGFRP3 and ID2 expression levels in blood cells as tentative favourable lithium response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS, San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Irena Voinsky
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Adva Hadar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ala Srouji
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Carlo Maj
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS, San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michael Gershovits
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health , Mannheim , Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Georg-August-University , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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19
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Pisanu C, Heilbronner U, Squassina A. The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Bipolar Disorder: Moving Towards Precision Medicine. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:409-420. [PMID: 29790107 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and disabling psychiatric condition with a severe socioeconomic impact. BD is treated with mood stabilizers, among which lithium represents the first-line treatment. Lithium alone or in combination is effective in 60% of chronically treated patients, but response remains heterogenous and a large number of patients require a change in therapy after several weeks or months. Many studies have so far tried to identify molecular and genetic markers that could help us to predict response to mood stabilizers or the risk for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenetic studies in BD have been for the most part focused on lithium, but the complexity and variability of the response phenotype, together with the unclear mechanism of action of lithium, limited the power of these studies to identify robust biomarkers. Recent pharmacogenomic studies on lithium response have provided promising findings, suggesting that the integration of genome-wide investigations with deep phenotyping, in silico analyses and machine learning could lead us closer to personalized treatments for BD. Nevertheless, to date none of the genes suggested by pharmacogenetic studies on mood stabilizers have been included in any of the genetic tests approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug efficacy. On the other hand, genetic information has been included in drug labels to test for the safety of carbamazepine and valproate. In this review, we will outline available studies investigating the pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of lithium and other mood stabilizers, with a specific focus on the limitations of these studies and potential strategies to overcome them. We will also discuss FDA-approved pharmacogenetic tests for treatments commonly used in the management of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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20
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Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Kaczmarek M, Wójcicka M, Kaufman-Szukalska E, Dziuda S, Remlinger-Molenda A, Szeliga-Neymann A, Losy J, Rybakowski JK. Glutamate-Related Antibodies and Peripheral Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Bipolar Disorder and Lithium Prophylaxis. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 77:49-56. [PMID: 30336492 DOI: 10.1159/000493740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of the antineuronal antibodies anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), during manic and depressive episodes and in remission compared to euthymic patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. METHODS Serum levels of anti-NMDAR and anti-GAD 450/620 antibodies, as well as IGF-1, were measured using the ELISA method in 19 manic and 17 depressed patients both in an acute episode and in remission after the episode. All of the subjects were under pharmacological treatment. The control group included 18 euthymic BD patients receiving lithium for 9-44 years (mean 22 ± 11) in whom a single measurement was performed. RESULTS Serum levels of anti-NMDAR antibodies were higher in acute manic episodes than in lithium-treated patients. Serum levels of anti-GAD 450/620 antibodies were higher in acute manic and depressive episodes compared to remission after the respective episode. Their values in both acute manic and depressive episodes were higher than those in lithium-treated patients. Serum levels of IGF-1 were higher in acute manic episodes and in remission after mania than in lithium-treated patients. CONCLUSION Higher levels of anti-NMDAR and anti-GAD antibodies during episodes may point to an abnormality in the glutamatergic system in BD. Increased levels of IGF-1 during an acute manic episode and in remission after mania may constitute a compensatory mechanism against excitotoxicity. Lower levels of anti-NMDAR, anti-GAD antibodies, and IGF-1 during long-term lithium treatment may reflect normalization of this processes, contributing to mood stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marlena Wójcicka
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Dziuda
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Jacek Losy
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Melis C, Severino G, Angius A, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Involvement of core clock genes in lithium response. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28649929 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1346281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy
| | - Carla Melis
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- b Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- c Unit of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- c Unit of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy.,c Unit of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Cagliari , Italy
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22
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Milanesi E, Zanardini R, Rosso G, Maina G, Barbon A, Mora C, Minelli A, Gennarelli M, Bocchio-Chiavetto L. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 in bipolar disorder: An expression study in peripheral tissues. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:610-618. [PMID: 28090803 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is a member of the family of high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP1-6) and appears to play a governing role in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulation in the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the putative involvement of IGFBP2 in mood disorder pathogenesis by measuring its expression levels in patient peripheral tissues. METHODS IGFBP2 protein and mRNA levels were measured in the serum of 93 controls, 41 bipolar disorder (BD) and 43 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and in the skin fibroblasts from 15 controls, 12 BD and 23 MDD patients. RESULTS The results indicated reduced expression of IGFBP2 in both tissues of BD patients, whereas no difference was found in MDD patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in peripheral tissues are consistent with previous results in the brain and support a downregulation of IGFBP2 expression that is specific for BD, suggesting a role for this protein in the alterations in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection observed in the disorder. Further studies in independent and larger cohorts are warranted to confirm the involvement of IGFBP2 in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milanesi
- a Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- b Molecular Markers Laboratory , IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy
| | - Gianluca Rosso
- c Department of Neuroscience , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- c Department of Neuroscience , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- d Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Cristina Mora
- d Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- d Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- a Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.,d Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- a Genetics Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.,e Faculty of Psychology , eCampus University , Novedrate (Como) , Italy
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23
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Geoffroy PA, Curis E, Courtin C, Moreira J, Morvillers T, Etain B, Laplanche JL, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C. Lithium response in bipolar disorders and core clock genes expression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:619-632. [PMID: 28095742 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine whether the lithium response is associated with changes in the expression of core clock genes. METHODS The effect of a therapeutic concentration of lithium (1 mM) on the expression levels of 17 circadian genes was examined in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from two well-characterized groups of bipolar disorder patients, defined as lithium non-responders (NR, n = 20) or excellent responders (ER, n = 16). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted at 2, 4 and 8 days (d2, d4 and d8) with and without lithium exposure. RESULTS At d2, in ER only, BHLHE41, RORA, PER1, ARNTL, CRY2, BHLHE40 and CSNK1D were upregulated, whereas NR1D1 was downregulated. At d4, in ER only, CRY1 was downregulated. At d8, in NR only, GSK3β was upregulated and DBP, TIMELESS and CRY1 were downregulated. Significant Group × Lithium interactions existed for NR1D1 at d2 (P = 0.02), and CRY1 at d4 (P = 0.02). Longitudinal analyses showed differential temporal evolutions between NR and ER (significant Time × Group interaction) for PER3, NR1D1, DBP, RORA, CSNK1D and TIMELESS; and a significant Time × Lithium interaction for NR1D1. Coexpression data analyses suggested distinct groups of circadian genes concurrently modulated by lithium. CONCLUSIONS In LCLs, lithium influences expression of circadian genes with differences in amplitude and kinetics according to the patient's lithium response status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Geoffroy
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,f Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,g Département de biostatistiques et d'informatique médicales , Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP , Paris , France
| | - Cindie Courtin
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | - Jeverson Moreira
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | | | - Bruno Etain
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,c AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F. Widal , Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique , Paris , France.,d Fondation FondaMental , Créteil , France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- a Inserm U1144 , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes , UMR-S 1144 , Paris , France
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24
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Teixeira AL, Colpo GD, Fries GR, Bauer IE, Selvaraj S. Biomarkers for bipolar disorder: current status and challenges ahead. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 19:67-81. [PMID: 30451546 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1550361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. There is a high expectation that personalized approaches can improve the management of patients with BD. For that, identification and validation of potential biomarkers are fundamental. Areas covered: This manuscript will critically review the current status of different biomarkers for BD, including peripheral, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological candidates, discussing the challenges to move the field forward. Expert commentary: There are no lab or complementary tests currently recommended for the diagnosis or management of patients with BD. Panels composed by multiple biomarkers will probably contribute to stratifying patients according to their clinical stage, therapeutic response, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Teixeira
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA.,b Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Gabriela D Colpo
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
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25
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Costa M, Chillotti C, Ardau R, Severino G, Angius A, Heilbronner U, Hou L, McMahon FJ, Schulze TG, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Convergent analysis of genome-wide genotyping and transcriptomic data suggests association of zinc finger genes with lithium response in bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:658-664. [PMID: 30318722 PMCID: PMC6230310 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the mainstay treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) for its effectiveness in the acute phases of illness and in prevention of recurrences. Lithium's mechanism of action is complex, and while it modulates the function of hundreds of molecular targets, most of these effects could be unspecific and not relevant for its clinical efficacy. In this study, we applied an integrated analytical approach using genome-wide expression and genotyping data from BD patients to identify lithium-responsive genes that may serve as biomarkers of its efficacy. To this purpose, we tested the effect of treatment with lithium chloride 1 mM on the transcriptome of lymphoblasts from 10 lithium responders (LR) and 10 nonresponders (NR) patients and identified genes significantly influenced by the treatment exclusively in LR. These findings were integrated with gene-based analysis on genome-wide genotyping data from an extended sample of 205 BD patients characterized for lithium response. The expression of 29 genes was significantly changed by lithium exclusively in LR. Gene-based analysis showed that two of these genes, zinc finger protein 429 (ZNF429) and zinc finger protein 493 (ZNF493), were also significantly associated with lithium response. Validation with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the lithium-induced downregulation of ZNF493 in LR (p = .036). Using convergent analyses of genome-wide expression and genotyping data, we identified ZNF493 as a potential lithium-responsive target that may be involved in modulating lithium efficacy in BD. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence supporting the involvement of zinc finger proteins in lithium response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy;,Authors for correspondence: Alessio Squassina. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Claudia Pisanu. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Maria Del Zompo. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4311
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy;,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Germany
| | - Liping Hou
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Germany;,Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy;,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy;,Authors for correspondence: Alessio Squassina. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Claudia Pisanu. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Maria Del Zompo. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4311
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy;,Authors for correspondence: Alessio Squassina. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Claudia Pisanu. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4323, Maria Del Zompo. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, sp Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;, ; phone: +39 070 675 4311
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26
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Fries GR, Colpo GD, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Arnold JG, Bowden CL, Walss-Bass C. Distinct lithium-induced gene expression effects in lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1110-1119. [PMID: 28939162 PMCID: PMC5685885 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the most commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), yet the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are still unclear. We aimed to compare the effects of lithium treatment in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from BD patients and controls. LCLs were generated from sixty-two BD patients (based on DSM-IV) and seventeen healthy controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Patients were recruited from outpatient clinics from February 2012 to October 2014. LCLs were treated with 1mM lithium for 7 days followed by microarray gene expression assay and validation by real-time quantitative PCR. Baseline differences between groups, as well as differences between vehicle- and lithium-treated cells within each group were analyzed. The biological significance of differentially expressed genes was examined by pathway enrichment analysis. No significant differences in baseline gene expression (adjusted p-value < 0.05) were detected between groups. Lithium treatment of LCLs from controls did not lead to any significant differences. However, lithium altered the expression of 236 genes in LCLs from patients; those genes were enriched for signaling pathways related to apoptosis. Among those genes, the alterations in the expression of PIK3CG, SERP1 and UPP1 were validated by real-time PCR. A significant correlation was also found between circadian functioning and CEBPG and FGF2 expression levels. In summary, our results suggest that lithium treatment induces expression changes in genes associated with the apoptosis pathway in BD LCLs. The more pronounced effects of lithium in patients compared to controls suggest a disease-specific effect of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Gabriela D Colpo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory (BSML), Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine Laboratory (BSML), Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jodi G Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Charles L Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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28
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Gurwitz D. Human iPSC-derived neurons and lymphoblastoid cells for personalized medicine research in neuropsychiatric disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27757061 PMCID: PMC5067144 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.3/dgurwitz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development and clinical implementation of personalized medicine crucially depends on the availability of high-quality human biosamples; animal models, although capable of modeling complex human diseases, cannot reflect the large variation in the human genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Although the biosamples available from public biobanks that store human tissues and cells may represent the large human diversity for most diseases, these samples are not always sufficient for developing biomarkers for patient-tailored therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. Postmortem human tissues are available from many biobanks; nevertheless, collections of neuronal human cells from large patient cohorts representing the human diversity remain scarce. Two tools are gaining popularity for personalized medicine research on neuropsychiatric disorders: human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and human lymphoblastoid cell lines. This review examines and contrasts the advantages and limitations of each tool for personalized medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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29
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Haro Durand LA, Vargas GE, Vera-Mesones R, Baldi A, Zago MP, Fanovich MA, Boccaccini AR, Gorustovich A. In Vitro Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Response to Ionic Dissolution Products from Lithium-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E740. [PMID: 28773103 PMCID: PMC5551783 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since lithium (Li⁺) plays roles in angiogenesis, the localized and controlled release of Li⁺ ions from bioactive glasses (BGs) represents a promising alternative therapy for the regeneration and repair of tissues with a high degree of vascularization. Here, microparticles from a base 45S5 BG composition containing (wt %) 45% SiO₂, 24.5% Na₂O, 24.5% CaO, and 6% P₂O₅, in which Na₂O was partially substituted by 5% Li₂O (45S5.5Li), were obtained. The results demonstrate that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have greater migratory and proliferative response and ability to form tubules in vitro after stimulation with the ionic dissolution products (IDPs) of the 45S5.5Li BG. The results also show the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the increase in expression of proangiogenic cytokines insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). We conclude that the IDPs of 45S5.5Li BG would act as useful inorganic agents to improve tissue repair and regeneration, ultimately stimulating HUVECs behavior in the absence of exogenous growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Haro Durand
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pharmacology, IByME-CONICET, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela E Vargas
- Department of Developmental Biology, National University of Salta, A4408FVY Salta, Argentina.
| | - Rosa Vera-Mesones
- Department of Developmental Biology, National University of Salta, A4408FVY Salta, Argentina.
| | - Alberto Baldi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pharmacology, IByME-CONICET, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María P Zago
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, IPE-CONICET, A4408FVY Salta, Argentina.
| | - María A Fanovich
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA-CONICET, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alejandro Gorustovich
- Interdisciplinary Materials Group-IESIING-UCASAL, INTECIN UBA-CONICET, A4400EDD Salta, Argentina.
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30
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Papadima EM, Niola P, Melis C, Pisanu C, Congiu D, Cruceanu C, Lopez JP, Turecki G, Ardau R, Severino G, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Evidence towards RNA Binding Motif (RNP1, RRM) Protein 3 (RBM3) as a Potential Biomarker of Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder Patients. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:304-308. [PMID: 28616776 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium has been used for more than six decades for the management of bipolar disorder (BD). In a previous transcriptomic study, we showed that patients affected by either BD or cluster headache, both disorders characterized by circadian disturbances and response to lithium in a subgroup of patients, have higher expression of the RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3 (RBM3) gene compared to controls. To investigate whether RBM3 could represent a biomarker of lithium response, we screened raw microarray expression data from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 20 BD patients, responders or non-responders to lithium. RBM3 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene in the list, being overexpressed in responders compared to non-responders (fold change = 2.0; p = 1.5 × 10-16). We therefore sought to validate the microarray finding by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and explore whether RBM3 expression was modulated by lithium treatment in vitro in LCLs as well as in human-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Our findings confirmed the higher expression of RBM3 in responders compared to non-responders (fold change = 3.78; p = 0.0002). Lithium did not change RBM3 expression in LCLs in any of the groups, but it increased its expression in NPCs. While preliminary, our data suggest that higher levels of RBM3 might be required for better lithium response and that the expression of this gene could be modulated by lithium in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Niola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, sp 6, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
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31
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Moreira J, Courtin C, Geoffroy PA, Curis E, Bellivier F, Marie-Claire C. Lithium response in bipolar disorder: No difference in GADL1 gene expression between cell lines from excellent-responders and non-responders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 251:217-220. [PMID: 28214779 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous association studies have shown mixed results between glutamic acid decarboxylase like-1 (GADL1) gene polymorphism and prophylactic lithium response in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. In the present study, GADL1 gene expression was investigated in regard to lithium response, using Alda scale, in lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) of 36 Caucasian BD patients. No difference in GADL1 expression was observed among LCLs from excellent-responders, non-responders or controls. Furthermore, lithium did not induce significant changes in GADL1 expression levels after 4 or 8 days. These results did not support an association of GADL1 expression in the determination of a lithium response in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeverson Moreira
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France.
| | - Cindie Courtin
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France; Département de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France; Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB(2), Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Cynthia Marie-Claire
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France.
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Peripheral insulin-like growth factor 1 in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:30-34. [PMID: 28135645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a recurrent and highly incapacitating illness, related to inflammation and changes in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The objective of this study was to evaluate serum levels of IGF-1 in bipolar disorder patients and its relation to inflammation. We included 31 patients with bipolar disorder and 33 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of IGF-1, growth hormone (GH), insulin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were analyzed. The serum levels of IGF-1 seem to be increased in bipolar disorder patients (248.84±104.91ng/mL) compared to controls (169.18±74.16ng/mL). Comparing reference values of IGF serum concentrations between groups, we found that 32% of patients had increased IGF-1 serum concentrations while only 3% of subjects are above normal range. We did not find statistically significant differences between groups in the concentration of insulin, GH, and TNF-α. This study suggests an association between IGF-1 in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. It is possible that this peripheral increase is related to a central nervous system increased resistance to IGF-1, thus reducing its neuroprotective action.
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Sigitova E, Fišar Z, Hroudová J, Cikánková T, Raboch J. Biological hypotheses and biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:77-103. [PMID: 27800654 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders (BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Creation of new hypotheses in the field gives impetus for studies and for finding new biomarkers for BD. Conversely, new biomarkers facilitate not only diagnosis of a disorder and monitoring of biological effects of treatment, but also formulation of new hypotheses about the causes and pathophysiology of the BD. BD is characterized by multiple associations between disturbed brain development, neuroplasticity, and chronobiology, caused by: genetic and environmental factors; defects in apoptotic, immune-inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophin, and calcium-signaling pathways; oxidative and nitrosative stress; cellular bioenergetics; and membrane or vesicular transport. Current biological hypotheses of BD are summarized, including related pathophysiological processes and key biomarkers, which have been associated with changes in genetics, systems of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, cytokines, stress axis activity, chronobiology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Here we also discuss the therapeutic hypotheses and mechanisms of the switch between depressive and manic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sigitova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Roux M, Dosseto A. From direct to indirect lithium targets: a comprehensive review of omics data. Metallomics 2017; 9:1326-1351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are critical to a wide range of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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Amare AT, Schubert KO, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Cohen-Woods S, Baune BT. The genetic overlap between mood disorders and cardiometabolic diseases: a systematic review of genome wide and candidate gene studies. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1007. [PMID: 28117839 PMCID: PMC5545727 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWASs) and candidate gene studies have identified genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and mood disorders. Although previous efforts were successful for individual disease conditions (single disease), limited information exists on shared genetic risk between these disorders. This article presents a detailed review and analysis of cardiometabolic diseases risk (CMD-R) genes that are also associated with mood disorders. First, we reviewed meta-GWASs published until January 2016, for the diseases 'type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension' and/or for the risk factors 'blood pressure, obesity, plasma lipid levels, insulin and glucose related traits'. We then searched the literature for published associations of these CMD-R genes with mood disorders. We considered studies that reported a significant association of at least one of the CMD-R genes and 'depression' or 'depressive disorder' or 'depressive symptoms' or 'bipolar disorder' or 'lithium treatment response in bipolar disorder', or 'serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment response in major depression'. Our review revealed 24 potential pleiotropic genes that are likely to be shared between mood disorders and CMD-Rs. These genes include MTHFR, CACNA1D, CACNB2, GNAS, ADRB1, NCAN, REST, FTO, POMC, BDNF, CREB, ITIH4, LEP, GSK3B, SLC18A1, TLR4, PPP1R1B, APOE, CRY2, HTR1A, ADRA2A, TCF7L2, MTNR1B and IGF1. A pathway analysis of these genes revealed significant pathways: corticotrophin-releasing hormone signaling, AMPK signaling, cAMP-mediated or G-protein coupled receptor signaling, axonal guidance signaling, serotonin or dopamine receptors signaling, dopamine-DARPP32 feedback in cAMP signaling, circadian rhythm signaling and leptin signaling. Our review provides insights into the shared biological mechanisms of mood disorders and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Amare
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K O Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Klingler-Hoffmann
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. E-mail:
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Breitfeld J, Scholl C, Steffens M, Brandenburg K, Probst-Schendzielorz K, Efimkina O, Gurwitz D, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S, Stingl JC. Proliferation rates and gene expression profiles in human lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with depression characterized in response to antidepressant drug therapy. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e950. [PMID: 27845776 PMCID: PMC5314111 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapy success of depressive disorders remains in need of improvement due to low response rates and a delay in symptomatic improvement. Reliable functional biomarkers would be necessary to predict the individual treatment outcome. On the basis of the neurotrophic hypothesis of antidepressant's action, effects of antidepressant drugs on proliferation may serve as tentative individual markers for treatment efficacy. We studied individual differences in antidepressant drug effects on cell proliferation and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from patients treated for depression with documented clinical treatment outcome. Cell proliferation was characterized by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays following a 3-week incubation with therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted by microarrays, and candidate genes such as betacellulin-a gene involved in neuronal stem cell regeneration-were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Ex vivo assessment of proliferation revealed large differences in fluoxetine-induced proliferation inhibition between donor LCLs, but no association with clinical response was observed. Genome-wide expression analyses followed by pathway and gene ontology analyses identified genes with different expression before vs after 21-day incubation with fluoxetine. Significant correlations between proliferation and gene expression of WNT2B, FZD7, TCF7L2, SULT4A1 and ABCB1 (all involved in neurogenesis or brain protection) were also found. Basal gene expression of SULT4A1 (P=0.029), and gene expression fold changes of WNT2B by ex vivo fluoxetine (P=0.025) correlated with clinical response and clinical remission, respectively. Thus, we identified potential gene expression biomarkers eventually being useful as baseline predictors or as longitudinal targets in antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Breitfeld
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - C Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - K Probst-Schendzielorz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - O Efimkina
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Gurwitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - F Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany,Center for Translational Medicine, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany,Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany. E-mail:
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Malhi GS, Outhred T. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Lithium in Bipolar Disorder: Recent Advances and Current Understanding. CNS Drugs 2016; 30:931-49. [PMID: 27638546 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through which therapeutic effects occur and are maintained in bipolar disorder remain unclear. This paper provides a timely update to an authoritative review of pertinent findings that was published in CNS Drugs in 2013. A literature search was conducted using the Scopus database, and was limited by year (from 2012). There has been a resurgence of interest in lithium therapy mechanisms, perhaps driven by technical advancements in recent years that permit the examination of cellular mechanisms underpinning the effects of lithium-along with the reuptake of lithium in clinical practice. Recent research has further cemented glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibition as a key mechanism, and the inter-associations between GSK3β-mediated neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and neurotransmission mechanisms have been further elucidated. In addition to highly illustrative cellular research, studies examining higher-order biological systems, such as circadian rhythms, as well as employing innovative animal and human models, have increased our understanding of how lithium-induced changes at the cellular level possibly translate to changes at behavioural and clinical levels. Neural circuitry research is yet to identify clear mechanisms of change in bipolar disorder in response to treatment with lithium, but important structural findings have demonstrated links to the modulation of cellular mechanisms, and peripheral marker and pharmacogenetic studies are showing promising findings that will likely inform the exploration for predictors of lithium treatment response. With a deeper understanding of lithium's therapeutic mechanisms-from the cellular to clinical levels of investigation-comes the opportunity to develop predictive models of lithium treatment response and identify novel drug targets, and recent findings have provided important leads towards these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Tim Outhred
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,CADE Clinic Level 3, Main Hospital Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Abstract
Preclinical Research Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of 0.8-1.2% in the general population. Although lithium is considered the first-line treatment, a large percentage of patients do not respond sufficiently. Moreover, lithium can induce severe side effects and has poor tolerance and a narrow therapeutic index. The genetics of lithium response has been largely investigated, but findings have so far failed to identify reliable biomarkers to predict clinical response. This has been largely determined by the highly complex phenotipic and genetic architecture of lithium response. To this regard, collaborative initiatives hold the promise to provide robust and standardized methods to disantenagle this complexity, as well as the capacity to collect large samples of patietnts, a crucial requirement to study the genetics of complex phenotypes. The International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) has recently published the largest study so far on lithium response reporting significant associations for two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This result provides relevant insights into the pharmacogenetics of lithium supporting the involvement of the noncoding portion of the genome in modulating clinical response. Although a vast body of research is engaged in dissecting the genetic bases of response to lithium, the several drawbacks of lithium therapy have also stimulated multiple efforts to identify new safer treatments. A drug repurposing approach identified ebselen as a potential lithium mimetic, as it shares with lithium the ability to inhibit inositol monophosphatase. Ebselen, an antioxidant glutathione peroxidase mimetic, represents a valid and promising example of new potential therapeutic interventions for BD, but the paucity of data warrant further investigation to elucidate its potential efficacy and safety in the management of BPD. Nevertheless, findings provided by the growing field of pharmacogenomic research will ultimately lead to the identification of new molecular targets and safer treatments for BPD. Drug Dev Res 77 : 368-373, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Growth factors as clinical biomarkers of prognosis and diagnosis in psychiatric disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:85-96. [PMID: 27618303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The psychiatric disorders are one of the most disabling illnesses in the world and represent a major problem for public health. These disorders are characterized by neuroanatomical or biochemical changes and it has been suggested that such changes may be due to inadequate neurodevelopment. Diverse alterations in the gene expression and/or serum level of specific growth factors have been implicated in the etiology, symptoms and progression of some psychiatric disorders. Herein, we summarize the latest information regarding the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), neuroregulin-1 (NGR-1), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), nerve growth factor (NGF) and others cytokines in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders. Focusing on the role of these growth factors and their relationship with the main impairments (cognitive, emotional and social) of these pathologies. Some of these signaling molecules may be suitable biological markers for diagnosis and prognosis in cognitive, mood and social disabilities across different mental disorders.
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Leukocyte telomere length positively correlates with duration of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1241-7. [PMID: 27084304 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) has been suggested to be associated with accelerated aging and premature cell senescence. While findings on shorter telomeres in BD are controversial, a recent study showed that long-term lithium treatment correlates with longer telomeres in BD. In our study, we sought to investigate the correlation between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and long-term lithium treatment in a sample of 200 BD patients characterized for lithium response. We also compared data from two different methods commonly used to measure telomere length, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). We also measured, for the first time, the effect of lithium in vitro on the expression of the telomerase gene in human-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Our findings showed that LTL correlated negatively with age (p=0.0002) and was independent of sex, diagnosis, age at onset, suicidal behavior, number of mood episodes, response to lithium and use of other psychotropic medications. After correcting for age, LTL was positively correlated with lithium treatment duration in patients treated for more than two years (n=150, R=0.17, p=0.037). There was a significant correlation between data measured with qPCR and Q-FISH (p=0.012, R=0.826). Lithium treatment increased telomerase expression in NPCs, though this effect was not statistically significant. Our data support previous findings showing that long-term lithium treatment associates with longer telomeres in BD, though this effect appeared to be independent from clinical response to the treatment. Moreover, we suggested for the first time that lithium increases the expression of telomerase gene in human neural progenitor cells.
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Anand A, McClintick JN, Murrell J, Karne H, Nurnberger JI, Edenberg HJ. Effects of Lithium Monotherapy for Bipolar Disorder on Gene Expression in Peripheral Lymphocytes. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:115-123. [PMID: 27867936 DOI: 10.1159/000446348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of lithium monotherapy on peripheral lymphocyte gene expression in bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD Twenty-two medication-free bipolar subjects (11 hypomanic, 11 depressed) were started on lithium monotherapy. Closely matched healthy subjects (n = 15) were included as controls but did not receive treatment. Blood RNA samples were collected at baseline and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment. RNA expression was measured using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST Array followed by Ingenuity pathways analysis. The results for the contrast of weeks 2 and 8 were not significantly different and were combined. RESULTS In BD subjects, 56 genes showed significant (false discovery rate <0.1) expression changes from baseline; the effect sizes and directions for all of these were similar at weeks 2 and 8. Among these were immune-related genes (IL5RA, MOK, IFI6, and RFX2), purinergic receptors (P2RY14, P2RY2, and ADORA3) and signal transduction-related genes (CAMK1 and PIK3R6). Pathway and upstream regulator analysis also revealed that lithium altered several immune- and signal transduction-related functions. Differentially expressed genes did not correlate with week 8 clinical response, but other genes involved in protein synthesis and degradation did. CONCLUSION Peripheral gene expression may serve as a biomarker of lithium effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Anand
- Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Jill Murrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Harish Karne
- Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA
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Tu KY, Wu MK, Chen YW, Lin PY, Wang HY, Wu CK, Tseng PT. Significantly Higher Peripheral Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Than in Healthy Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Review Under Guideline of PRISMA. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2411. [PMID: 26825882 PMCID: PMC5291552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of research has focused on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) because of multiple neurotrophic effects, including neurogenesis, remyelination, and synaptogenesis. In addition, IGF-1 can mediate an antidepressant effect in patients with major affective disorder, and its levels in the cerebrospinal fluid have been found to vary with antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, it has been proven to crossover the blood-brain barrier, with a reciprocal feedback loop being the central effect. However, recent studies have reported inconclusive findings about the role of IGF-1 in major affective disorder. The aim of the current study was to conduct a thorough meta-analysis of changes in peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a thorough literature search and compared peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with MDD or BD and in healthy controls, and investigated clinical variables through meta-regression. Electronic research was conducted through platform of PubMed. We used inclusion criteria as clinical trials discussing comparisons of peripheral IGF-1 protein levels in patients with MDD or BD and those in healthy controls. We analyzed the cases from 9 studies with the random-effect model. The main finding was that peripheral IGF-1 levels in the patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (P < 0.001), with a significant inverse association with duration of illness (P = 0.03). In meta-analysis comparing peripheral IGF-1 levels in patients with BD or MDD before and after treatment, there was no significant change in peripheral IGF-1 levels after treatment (P = 0.092). The small numbers of studies and lack of correlation data with growth hormone in current studies are the main limitations of this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that peripheral IGF-1 levels may not be an indicator of disease severity, but may be a disease trait marker or an indicator of cognition. However, further investigations on the correlation between cognitive function and peripheral IGF-1 levels are needed to explore the role of IGF-1 in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yu Tu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan (K-YT, H-YW, C-KW, P-TT); Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Y-WC); Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (M-KW, P-YL); and Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (P-YL)
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Cellular models to study bipolar disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:36-50. [PMID: 26070045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an emerging interest in the use of cellular models to study psychiatric disorders. We have systematically reviewed the application of cellular models to understand the biological basis of bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD Published scientific literature in MEDLINE, PsychINFO and SCOPUS databases were identified with the following search strategy: [(Lymphoblastoid OR Lymphoblast OR Fibroblast OR Pluripotent OR Olfactory epithelium OR Olfactory mucosa) AND (Bipolar disorder OR Lithium OR Valproate OR Mania)]. Studies were included if they had used cell cultures derived from BD patients. RESULTS There were 65 articles on lymphoblastoid cell lines, 14 articles on fibroblasts, 4 articles on olfactory neuronal epithelium (ONE) and 2 articles on neurons reprogrammed from induced pluripotent stem cell lines (IPSC). Several parameters have been studied, and the most replicated findings are abnormalities in calcium signaling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, mitochondrial oxidative pathway, membrane ion channels, circadian system and apoptosis related genes. These, although present in basal state, seem to be accentuated in the presence of cellular stressors (e.g. oxidative stress--rotenone; ER stress--thapsigargin), and are often reversed with in-vitro lithium. CONCLUSION Cellular modeling has proven useful in BD, and potential pathways, especially in cellular resilience related mechanisms have been identified. These findings show consistency with other study designs (genome-wide association, brain-imaging, and post-mortem brain expression). ONE cells and IPSC reprogrammed neurons represent the next generation of cell models in BD. Future studies should focus on family-based study designs and combine cell models with deep sequencing and genetic manipulations.
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Pellegrino P, Perrotta C, Clementi E, Radice S. Vaccine–Drug Interactions: Cytokines, Cytochromes, and Molecular Mechanisms. Drug Saf 2015; 38:781-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-015-0330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Markers of Oxidative Stress and Neuroprogression in Depression Disorder. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:898393. [PMID: 26078821 PMCID: PMC4453280 DOI: 10.1155/2015/898393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is multifactorial disorder with high prevalence and alarming prognostic in the nearest 15 years. Several mechanisms of depression are known. Neurotransmitters imbalance and imbalance between neuroprogressive and neuroprotective factors are observed in major depression. Depression is accompanied by inflammatory responses of the organism and consequent elevation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased lipid peroxidation are described in literature. Neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression are also associated with telomerase shortening, oxidative changes in nucleotides, and polymorphisms in several genes connected to metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrion dysfunction is directly associated with increasing levels of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays significant role in pathophysiology of major depression via actions of free radicals, nonradical molecules, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Products of oxidative stress represent important parameters for measuring and predicting of depression status as well as for determining effectiveness of administrated antidepressants. Positive effect of micronutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants in depression treatment is also reviewed.
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Costa M, Squassina A, Piras IS, Pisanu C, Congiu D, Niola P, Angius A, Chillotti C, Ardau R, Severino G, Stochino E, Deidda A, Persico AM, Alda M, Del Zompo M. Preliminary Transcriptome Analysis in Lymphoblasts from Cluster Headache and Bipolar Disorder Patients Implicates Dysregulation of Circadian and Serotonergic Genes. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:688-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Differentially Affects Lithium Sensitivity of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines from Lithium Responder and Non-responder Bipolar Disorder Patients. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:681-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pavuluri MN, Lee MS, Pandey G. Lithium response viewed as a biomarker to predict developmental psychopathology in offspring with bipolar disorder: a commentary. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:224-32. [PMID: 25523965 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani N Pavuluri
- Pediatric Brain Research and Intervention Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Scola G, Andreazza AC. The role of neurotrophins in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:122-8. [PMID: 25193130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness of which the pathophysiology remains partially unknown. Abnormalities of neurotrophins and other trophic factors orchestrate important alterations which could be implicated in the etiology of BD. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to examine the recent findings and critically evaluate the potential role of neurotrophins that may allow us to substantially improve the development of novel treatments. The most recently published findings highlight that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present distinct patterns in the different stages of BD, suggesting their potential in the identification of the BD subgroups and may ultimately advance treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness of which the etiology remains unknown. Extensive research has provided some hypotheses for the pathophysiology of this disorder; however, there are no molecular tests available to help support the diagnosis obtained by self-report and behavioral observations. A major requirement is to identify potential biomarkers that could be used for early diagnosis in patients susceptible to the disease and for its treatment. The most recently published findings regarding alterations in BD were found to be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory and trophic factor deregulation, and also polymorphisms of genes that are associated with the development of BD. Many of these targets are potential biomarkers which could help to identify the BD subgroups and to advance treatment strategies, which would beneficiate the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to examine the recent findings and critically evaluate their potential as biomarkers for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada,
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