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Zengin G, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Bouyahya A, Yildiztugay E, Carretero AS, Mahomoodally MF, Ponniya SKM, Nilofar, Koyuncu I, Yüksekdağ Ö, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS metabolite profiles of different extracts from Pelargonium endlicherianum parts and their biological properties based on network pharmacological approaches. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300728. [PMID: 38314893 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the chemical profiles and biological activities of different extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, and water) of Pelargonium endlicherianum parts (aerial parts and roots). Free radical scavenging, reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating were assayed for antioxidant properties. To detect enzyme inhibitory properties, cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase were chosen as target enzymes. The ethanol extract of the aerial parts contained higher amounts of total bioactive compounds (120.53 mg GAE/g-24.46 mg RE/g). The ethanol and water extracts of these parts were tentatively characterized by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and 95 compounds were annotated. In addition, the highest acetylcholiesterase (3.74 mg GALAE/g) and butyrylcholinesterase (3.92 mg GALAE/g) abilities were observed by the ethanol extract of roots. The water extract from aerial parts exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effects on multiple cancer cell lines, especially A549 (IC50: 23.2 µg/mL) and HT-29 (IC50: 27.43 µg/mL) cells. Using network pharmacology, P. endlicherianum compounds were studied against cancer, revealing well-connected targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, and growth factor receptor bound protein 2 (GRB2) with significant impact on cancer-related pathways. The results could open a new path from natural treasure to functional applications with P. endlicherianum and highlight a new study on other uninvestigated Pelargonium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Antonio Segura Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Nilofar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yüksekdağ
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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Necip A, Demirtas I, Tayhan SE, Işık M, Bilgin S, Turan İF, İpek Y, Beydemir Ş. Isolation of phenolic compounds from eco-friendly white bee propolis: Antioxidant, wound-healing, and anti-Alzheimer effects. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1928-1939. [PMID: 38455224 PMCID: PMC10916560 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first findings regarding extraction, isolation, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity. The oral mucosal wound-healing process was investigated using propolis water extract (PWE) incubation with gingival fibroblast cells and concluded that propolis was effective on the oral mucosal wound-healing pattern compared to untreated controls. Additionally, phenolic compounds (fraxetin, apigenin, galangin, pinobanksin, chrysin, etc.) were isolated from propolis, and their chemical structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer potential activities of PWE and some isolated compounds were screened and revealing their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values ranging from 0.45 ± 0.01 to 1.15 ± 0.03 mM, as well as remarkable free-radical scavenging and metal reduction capacities. The results suggest that these compounds and PWE can be used as therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant properties and inhibitory potential on AChE. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes since its wound-healing effect is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Necip
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health ServicesHarran UniversityŞanlıurfaTürkiye
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyOndokuz Mayıs UniversitySamsunTürkiye
| | - Seçil Erden Tayhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyTokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityTokatTürkiye
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringBilecik Seyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTürkiye
| | - Sema Bilgin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health ServicesGaziosmanpasa UniversityTokatTürkiye
| | - İsmail Furkan Turan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyTokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityTokatTürkiye
| | - Yaşar İpek
- Plant Research Laboratory‐B, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCankiri Karatekin UniversityCankiriTürkiye
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAnadolu UniversityEskişehirTürkiye
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Qian HQ, Wu DC, Li CY, Liu XR, Han XK, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhao BY, Zhao Y. A systematic review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116957. [PMID: 37544344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epimedium koreanum Nakai (E. koreanum), a member of the genus Epimedium in the family Berberidaceae, is a well-known and well-liked traditional herb used as a "kidney tonic". For thousands of years, it has been utilized for renal yang deficiency, impotence, spermatorrhea, impotence, weakness of tendons and bones, rheumatic paralysis and discomfort, numbness, and constriction. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper aims to comprehensively in-depth, and methodically review the most recent research on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of E. koreanum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, ScienceDirect, Baidu Scholar, and CNKI and medicine books in China were searched for relevant information on E. koreanum. RESULTS In traditional uses, E. koreanum is frequently used to treat various diseases like erectile dysfunction, infertility, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, etc. To date, more than 379 compounds have been discovered from various parts of E. koreanum, including flavonoids, lignans, organic acids, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, dihydrophenanthrene derivatives, alkaloids, and others. Research has revealed that the compounds and crude extracts have a wide range of pharmacological effects on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and nervous systems, as well as anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and antiviral properties. Besides, the crude extracts show potential hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION Based on recent domestic and international research investigations, E. koreanum contains a wealth of chemical components with pronounced pharmacological activities. Its traditional uses are numerous, and the majority of these traditional uses have been supported by contemporary pharmacological investigations. Crude extracts, on the other hand, can result in hepatotoxicity. Therefore, additional in vivo and in vitro experimental research on the pharmacology and toxicology of E. koreanum are required in the future to assess its safety and efficacy. This will give a firmer scientific foundation for its safe application and the development of new drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Qian
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Dou-Can Wu
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xin-Ke Han
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Bing-Yan Zhao
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Zhao Y, Li J, Cao G, Zhao D, Li G, Zhang H, Yan M. Ethnic, Botanic, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Acorus L. Genus: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7117. [PMID: 37894595 PMCID: PMC10609487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Acorus, a perennial monocotyledonous-class herb and part of the Acoraceae family, is widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Acorus is rich in biological activities and can be used to treat various diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, hyperlipidemia, and indigestion. Recently, it has been widely used to improve eutrophic water and control heavy-metal-polluted water. Thus far, only three species of Acorus have been reported in terms of chemical components and pharmacological activities. Previously published reviews have not further distinguished or comprehensively expounded the chemical components and pharmacological activities of Acorus plants. By carrying out a literature search, we collected documents closely related to Acorus published from 1956 to 2022. We then performed a comprehensive and systematic review of the genus Acorus from different perspectives, including botanical aspects, ethnic applications, phytochemistry aspects, and pharmacological aspects. Our aim was to provide a basis for further research and the development of new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jia Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Guoshi Cao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingming Yan
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Alves C, Tamagno WA, Vanin AP, Pompermaier A, Barcellos LJG. Cannabis sativa-based oils against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9813. [PMID: 37330587 PMCID: PMC10276866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of terpenoid compounds in different neural-related conditions is becoming useful for several illnesses. Another possible activity of these compounds is the reduction of nervous impairment. Cannabis sativa plants are known for their concentration of two important terpenoids, the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). CBD and THC have central peripheral activities already described and their usage in different brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. Aluminum (Al) is known as an important neurotoxic compound, the physiological action of Al is not known already, and in high concentrations can lead to intoxication and cause neurotoxicity. Here we evaluated the potential effect of two different doses of CBD- and THC-rich based oils against Al-induced toxicity, in the zebrafish model. We evaluated behavioral biomarkers of the novel tank test (NTT) and social preference test (SPT), and biochemical markers: the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the antioxidant enzymes-catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. CBD- and THC-based oils were able to increase the AChE activity helping the cholinergic nervous system actuate against Al toxicity which was reflected by the behavioral biomarkers changes. We concluded that the oils have a protective effect and might be used with proposals for neurological and antioxidant impairment avoidance caused by Al intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, Sertão, RS, Brazil
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, Sertão, RS, Brazil.
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Vanin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Bioexperimentation Graduate Program, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Arora A, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Abdellatif AAH, Dailah HG, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Elucidating the promising role of traditional Chinese medicine in neuroprotection against oxidative stress encompassing Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39546-39557. [PMID: 36790717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are being used from time immemorial for their therapeutic benefits and have immense value in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. One of the most important neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is a major contributor to dementia and is accompanied by abundant oxidative stress in the brain tissue. A critical pathway to target the increased oxidative stress is to administer agents with antioxidant potential. Despite currently available clinical treatments to treat AD such as cholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA antagonists which address only the symptoms and cannot hamper disease progression, no efficient available clinical treatment can break the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration till date. The main objective of presenting this review is that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acts as a promising candidate in breaking this vicious cycle and improves the quality of life of the debilitating patients. The active constituents of various herbs in TCM including Angelica sinensis, Radix polygalae, Polygala tenuifolia, and members of the Lamiaceae family have acquired experience of managing oxidative stress as indicated in the review for more than a thousand years now, and the preclinical and clinical evidence of their therapeutic potential has been highlighted in the review. Most importantly, Chinese herbs provide a multiple-target approach rather than a single-target approach and thus can target multiple pathways involved in AD at once. The Chinese herbs can definitely untangle the issues in the current therapy regimen of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.,Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Efficacy of Kami Guibi-tang as an Add-On Therapy to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Cognitive Function in Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4846770. [PMID: 36756039 PMCID: PMC9902163 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4846770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Kami Guibi-tang (KGT), a traditional Korean herbal medicine is mainly used to treat insomnia and nervousness. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are the main treatments for mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative brain disease. However, currently no drug can fundamentally treat AD or reverse the advanced cognitive decline. This clinical study explored the efficacy and safety of adding KGT to AChEI for cognitive function in mild AD. Methods This was a pilot study for a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants between 55-90 years diagnosed with mild AD were recruited from Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea. They were randomized to receive either KGT or placebo for 24 weeks, in addition to their regular AChEI. The primary outcome was treatment efficacy, as assessed by the relative amount of change over the study period in total scores on the Dementia version of the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-D). Changes in SNSB subscores were assessed as secondary outcomes. Safety parameters, including adverse events and abnormalities in blood tests, electrocardiograms, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were also monitored. Results Between March 2018 and November 2020, seven participants each in the KGT group and the placebo group completed the 24-week trial. There were no significant changes in SNSB-D total or subindex scores for either group (p = 0.69 and 0.63, respectively), and no significant differences were observed between them (p=0.71). No adverse events related to KGT were reported. We also compared and analyzed the results of a previous pilot study conducted on amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using protocol of this study. The aMCI group showed a significant improvement in the total SNSB-D score, especially in the memory domain, compared to the mild AD group (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The Korean Mini-Mental State Exam and Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scores also significantly improved in the aMCI group (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Compared to placebo, adding KGT to AChEI did not significantly improve cognitive function in SNSB in patients with mild AD. We suggest that KGT would have a positive effect on patients with early stages of cognitive impairment such as aMCI. The findings could assist design larger, longer-term clinical trials of KGT use in elderly patients with mild AD. This study was registered in the Korean Clinical Trial Registry on December 26, 2017, with the CRIS approval number KCT0002904.
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Gul N, Ahmad S, Ahmad H, Aziz A, Almehmadi M, Amer Alsaiari A, Allahyani M, Zainab, Adnan Ali Shah S, Ur Rahman N, Ahmad M. New acetylcholinesterase inhibitors isolated from Delphinium uncinatum. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vanin AP, Tamagno WA, Alves C, Mesacasa L, Santin LF, Sutorillo NT, Bilibio D, Müller C, Galon L, Kaizer RR. Neuroprotective potential of Cannabis sativa-based oils in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15376. [PMID: 36100636 PMCID: PMC9470673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substances from the Cannabis sativa species, especially cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), have attracted medical attention in recent years. The actions of these two main cannabinoids modulate the cholinergic nervous system (CholNS) involving development, synaptic plasticity, and response to endogenous and environmental damage, as a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. The dynamics of these diseases are mediated by specific neurotransmitters, such as the GABAergic nervous system (GNS) and the CholNS. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important experimental model, which has different neurotransmitter systems that coordinate its behavior and has a transgene strain that encodes the human β-amyloid 1–42 peptide in body wall muscle, one of the main proteins involved in Alzheimer´s disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the protective potential of terpenoids found in C. sativa in the GNS and CholNS of C. elegans. The effect of two C. sativa oils with variations in CBD and THC concentrations on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation, and behavior of C. elegans was evaluated. C. sativa oils were efficient in increasing pharyngeal pumping rate and reducing defecation cycle, AChE activity, and ROS levels in N2 strains. In the muscle:Abeta1-42 strain, mainly when using CBD oil, worm movement, body bends, and pharyngeal pumping were increased, with a reduced AChE activity. Consequently, greater investments in scientific research are needed, in addition to breaking the taboo on the use of the C. sativa plant as an alternative for medicinal use, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, which have already shown positive initial results.
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Enzyme inhibitory activity of Dioscorea nipponica Makito hydroethanolic extracts of leaves and tubers in relation to their major secondary metabolites. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wu Q, Li X, Jiang XW, Yao D, Zhou LJ, Xu ZH, Wang N, Zhao QC, Zhang Z. Yuan-Zhi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: An integrated approach based on chemical profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893244. [PMID: 36091836 PMCID: PMC9451491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuan-Zhi Decoction (YZD) is a traditional Chinese medical formulation with demonstrated clinical benefits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify 27 unique chemical components of YZD. Analyzing these using network pharmacology and molecular docking models identified 34 potential interacting molecular targets involved in 26 biochemical pathways. When tested in an animal model of AD, the APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed measurable improvements in spatial orientation and memory after the administration of YZD. These improvements coincided with significantly reduced deposition of Aβ plaques and tau protein in the hippocampi in the treated animals. In addition, a decreased BACE1 and beta-amyloid levels, a downregulation of the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and an upregulation of the PI3K and p-AKT/AKT pathway was seen in YZD treated animals. These in vivo changes validated the involvement of molecular targets and pathways predicted in silico analysis of the chemical components of YZD. This study provides scientific support for the clinical use of YZD and justifies further investigations into its effects in AD. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of network pharmacology in elucidating the biochemical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
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12
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Hassan NA, Alshamari AK, Hassan AA, Elharrif MG, Alhajri AM, Sattam M, Khattab RR. Advances on Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: From Medicinal Plant to Nanotechnology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154839. [PMID: 35956796 PMCID: PMC9369981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It is characterized by gradual mental failure, abnormal cognitive functioning, personality changes, diminished verbal fluency, and speech impairment. It is caused by neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal area of the brain. The number of individuals with AD is growing at a quick rate. The pathology behind AD is the progress of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, accumulation of amyloid plaque, loss of cholinergic neurons, and decrease in choline acetyltransferase. Unfortunately, AD cannot be cured, but its progression can be delayed. Various FDA-approved inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme such as rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, and NDMA receptor inhibitors (memantine), are available to manage the symptoms of AD. An exhaustive literature survey was carried out using SciFinder’s reports from Alzheimer’s Association, PubMed, and Clinical Trials.org. The literature was explored thoroughly to obtain information on the various available strategies to prevent AD. In the context of the present scenario, several strategies are being tried including the clinical trials for the treatment of AD. We have discussed pathophysiology, various targets, FDA-approved drugs, and various drugs in clinical trials against AD. The goal of this study is to shed light on current developments and treatment options, utilizing phytopharmaceuticals, nanomedicines, nutraceuticals, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Asma K. Alshamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha’il University, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Allam A. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed G. Elharrif
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammed Sattam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Reham R. Khattab
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of Diterpenoid Alkaloids Isolated from Delphinium chitralense. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144348. [PMID: 35889221 PMCID: PMC9325274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the isolation of three new C20 diterpenoid alkaloids, Chitralinine A–C (1–3) from the aerial parts of Delphinium chitralense. Their structures were established on the basis of latest spectral techniques and single crystal X-rays crystallographic studies of chitralinine A described basic skeleton of these compounds. All the isolated Compounds (1–3) showed strong, competitive type inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in comparison to standard allanzanthane and galanthamine however, chitralinine-C remained the most potent with IC50 value of 11.64 ± 0.08 μM against AChE, and 24.31 ± 0.33 μM against BChE, respectively. The molecular docking reflected a binding free energy of −16.400 K Cal-mol−1 for chitralinine-C, having strong interactions with active site residues, TYR334, ASP72, SER122, and SER200. The overall findings suggest that these new diterpenoid alkaloids could serve as lead drugs against dementia-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease.
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Wang L, Xia H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Lin P, Lin S. Secoyanhusamine A, an Oxidatively Ring-Opened Isoquinoline Inner Salt From Corydalis yanhusuo. Front Chem 2022; 9:831173. [PMID: 35178381 PMCID: PMC8843934 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.831173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoyanhusamine A (1), a rare rearranged seco-isoquinoline alkaloid derived from ring oxidative cleavage, was isolated from an aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo tubers, together with its biosynthetic precursor dehydrocorybulbine (2). Secoyanhusamine A (1) was the first example of a highly oxidized isoquinoline inner salt resulting in a 5-(2-azanylethyl)-2-carboxylate-4-oxo-4H-pyran ring system. The biosynthetic pathway of 1 was also postulated. Secoyanhusamine A (1) exhibited potent inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 0.81 ± 0.13 μM. Molecular simulation docking demonstrated that 1 created a strong interaction with the Asp-74 residue of AChE via attractive charge of the quaternary nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Pengcheng Lin, ; Sheng Lin,
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Pengcheng Lin, ; Sheng Lin,
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Husain A, Balushi K A, Akhtar MJ, Khan SA. Coumarin linked heterocyclic hybrids: A promising approach to develop multi target drugs for Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Wang W, Diwu Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Sayed TI, Wang D, Gou Y. Chinese herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment using mini-mental state examination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27034. [PMID: 34559097 PMCID: PMC8462642 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population aged 60 to 84 years ranges from 6.7% to 25.2%, and the effective prevention and reversal of MCI progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used screening tool in Chinese outpatient clinics, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to allow useful stratification from average to abnormal with adequate consideration of age and education. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of Chinese herbs on MMSE scores in MCI patients and discuss the effectiveness of Chinese herbs through pharmacology. METHODS Three English databases and 4 Chinese databases we have searched, and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane tool. Statistics will be used for heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, data synthesis, funnel plot generation and subgroup analysis. If sufficiently homogeneous studies are found, a Meta-analysis will be performed, with subgroups describing any differences. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included, 4 studies were placebo-controlled, 14 Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) were compared with other cognitive improvements, 3 CHMs were combined with other medications, and the results of 17 studies favored the herbal group. CONCLUSION The results indicate that herbal medicine can improve MMSE scores, and herbal medicine combined with other drugs that can improve cognition can significantly improve MMSE scores, but there are methodological flaws in the study. Experimental studies have found a basis for the ability of herbs to improve cognition and memory impairment, and herbal medicine has great potential to improve MCI cognition. Keywords mild cognitive impairment, herbal medicine, MMSE, systematic evaluation, meta-analysis. PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews protocol registration number: CRD42020202368.
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Gangalla R, Gattu S, Palaniappan S, Ahamed M, Macha B, Thampu RK, Fais A, Cincotti A, Gatto G, Dama M, Kumar A. Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172842. [PMID: 34502882 PMCID: PMC8434388 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer's activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by B. amyloliquefaciens RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL-1. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-d-mannopyranose (α-d-Manp) and β-d-galactopyranose (β-d-Galp) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e., β-d-Galp(1→6)β-d-Galp (1→6)β-d-Galp(1→2)β-d-Galp(1→2)[β-d-Galp(1→6)]β-d-Galp(1→2)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp (1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer's disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gangalla
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Sampath Gattu
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India;
| | - Sivasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Baswaraju Macha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Raja Komuraiah Thampu
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Cincotti
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gatto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Murali Dama
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
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Potential therapeutic natural products against Alzheimer's disease with Reference of Acetylcholinesterase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111609. [PMID: 33915501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common type of dementia primarily affecting the later years of life. Its prevalence is likely to increase in any aging population and will be a major burden on healthcare system by the mid of the century. Despite scientific and technological breakthroughs in the last 50 years, that have expanded our understanding of the disease on a system, cellular and molecular level, therapies that could stop or slow the progression of the disease are still unavailable. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has approved acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, tacrine and rivastigmine) and glutamate receptor antagonist (memantine) for the treatment of AD. In this review we summarize the studies reporting phytocompounds and extracts from medicinal plants that show AChE inhibitory activities and could be of potential benefit in AD. Future research directions are suggested and recommendations made to expand the use of medicinal plants and their formulations to prevent, mitigate and treat AD.
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Khalifa SA, Yosri N, El-Mallah MF, Ghonaim R, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Du M, Khatib A, Xiao J, Saeed A, El-Seedi HH, Zhao C, Efferth T, El-Seedi HR. Screening for natural and derived bio-active compounds in preclinical and clinical studies: One of the frontlines of fighting the coronaviruses pandemic. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 85:153311. [PMID: 33067112 PMCID: PMC7455571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starting December 2019, mankind faced an unprecedented enemy, the COVID-19 virus. The world convened in international efforts, experiences and technologies in order to fight the emerging pandemic. Isolation, hygiene measure, diagnosis, and treatment are the most efficient ways of prevention and intervention nowadays. The health organizations and global care systems screened the available resources and offered recommendations of approved and proposed medications. However, the search for a specific selective therapy or vaccine against COVID-19 remains a challenge. METHODS A literature search was performed for the screening of natural and derived bio-active compounds which showed potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses using published articles, patents, clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) and web databases (PubMed, SCI Finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). RESULTS Through the screening for natural products with antiviral activities against different types of the human coronavirus, extracts of Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.), Gentiana scabra Bunge, Dioscorea batatas Decne., Cassia tora L., Taxillus chinensis (DC.), Cibotium barometz L. and Echinacea purpurea L. showed a promising effect against SARS-CoV. Out of the listed compound Lycorine, emetine dihydrochloride hydrate, pristimerin, harmine, conessine, berbamine, 4`-hydroxychalcone, papaverine, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, monensin sodium, cycloheximide, oligomycin and valinomycin show potent activity against human coronaviruses. Additionally, it is worth noting that some compounds have already moved into clinical trials for their activity against COVID-19 including fingolimod, methylprednisolone, chloroquine, tetrandrine and tocilizumab. CONCLUSION Natural compounds and their derivatives could be used for developing potent therapeutics with significant activity against SARS-COV-2, providing a promising frontline in the fighting against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden A.M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed F. El-Mallah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Reem Ghonaim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Pahang, Malaysia,Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ghai R, Nagarajan K, Arora M, Grover P, Ali N, Kapoor G. Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:676-690. [PMID: 32679025 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200717091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The paper's objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer's disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Ghai
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- University of Pittsburgh, 3459, Fifth Ave, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Nazakat Ali
- Dabur Research Foundation, Plot-22, Site-4, Industrial area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, UP-201010, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
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Burčul F, Blažević I, Radan M, Politeo O. Terpenes, Phenylpropanoids, Sulfur and Other Essential Oil Constituents as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4297-4343. [PMID: 29600750 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180330092607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils constituents are a diverse family of low molecular weight organic compounds with comprehensive biological activity. According to their chemical structure, these active compounds can be divided into four major groups: terpenes, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and "others". In addition, they may contain diverse functional groups according to which they can be classified as hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and aliphatic hydrocarbons); oxygenated compounds (monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other oxygenated compounds); and sulfur and/or nitrogen containing compounds (thioesters, sulfides, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and others). Compounds that act as cholinesterase inhibitors still represent the only pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. Numerous in vitro studies showed that some compounds, found in essential oils, have a promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity, such as α-pinene, δ-3-carene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, thymohydroquinone, α- and β-asarone, anethole, etc. This review summarizes the most relevant research published to date on essential oil constituents and their acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential as well as their structure related activity, synergistic and antagonistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franko Burčul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olivera Politeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Deolankar SC, Modi PK, Subbannayya Y, Pervaje R, Prasad TSK. Molecular Targets from Traditional Medicines for Neuroprotection in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24:394-403. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chandrashekhar Deolankar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Jeong SY, Kim M, Park EK, Kim JS, Hahn D, Bae JS. Inhibitory Functions of Novel Compounds from Dioscorea batatas Decne Peel on HMGB1-mediated Septic Responses. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Ahmad S, Zeb A, Ayaz M, Murkovic M. Characterization of phenolic compounds using UPLC–HRMS and HPLC–DAD and anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activities of Trifolium repens L. leaves. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Işık M, Demir Y, Durgun M, Türkeş C, Necip A, Beydemir Ş. Molecular docking and investigation of 4-(benzylideneamino)- and 4-(benzylamino)-benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent AChE inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Phenanthrenes in Dioscorea batatas Decne Peel, a Discarded Biomass from Postharvest Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110541. [PMID: 31717654 PMCID: PMC6912652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea batatas Decne (Chinese yam) has been widely cultivated in East Asia for the purposes of food and medicinal uses for centuries. Along with its high nutritional value, the medicinal value of D. batatas has been extensively investigated in association with phytochemicals such as allantoin, flavonoids, saponins and phenanthrenes. Phenanthrenes are especially considered the standard marker chemicals of the Chinese yam for their potent bioactivity and availability of analysis with conventional high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) methods. In order to investigate how much the contents of phenanthrenes are in the actual food products provided for consumers, D. batatas tuber was peeled and separated into its peel and flesh as in the conventional processing method. A quantitative analysis using the HPLC-UV method revealed that phenanthrenes are concentrically present in the D. batatas peel, while phenanthrenes are present in the flesh under the limit of detection. The difference in the contents of phenanthrenes is estimated to have arisen the considerable difference of antioxidant potential between the peel and the flesh. The results from this study suggest the high value of the discarded biomass of the Chinese yam peel and the necessity for the utilization of the Chinese yam peel.
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Lee W, Jeong SY, Gu MJ, Lim JS, Park EK, Baek MC, Kim JS, Hahn D, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne peel on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:727-740. [PMID: 31342870 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1646174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm, is the primary air pollutant that plays a key role associated with lung injury produced by loss of vascular barrier integrity. Dioscorea batatas Decne (Chinese yam), a perennial plant belonging to Dioscoreaceae family, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across Asia. Both aerial parts and root of D. batatas are consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to (1) identify the bioactive compounds present in D. batatas peel which may be responsible for inhibition of PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice and (2) examine in vitro mechanisms underlying the observed effects of these compounds on mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells. The measured parameters include permeability, leukocyte migration, proinflammatory protein activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and histology. Two phenanthrene compounds, 2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene (1) and 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (2) were isolated from D. batatas peels. Both these phenanthrene compounds exhibited significant scavenging activity against PM2.5-induced ROS and inhibited ROS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, enhancement of Akt pathway, involved in the maintenance of endothelial integrity, was noted. These phenanthrene compounds also reduced vascular protein leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from PM2.5-induced lung tissues. Evidence thus indicates that phenanthrene compounds derived from D. batatas may exhibit protective effects against PM2.5-induced inflammatory lung injury and vascular hyperpermeability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- a College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
- b Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Jeong
- a College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ju Gu
- c School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- c School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- d Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- e Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- c School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
- f Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- c School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
- f Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- a College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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Lynn NH, Linn TZ, Yanmei C, Shimozu Y, Taniguchi S, Hatano T. 1H Quantitative NMR analyses of β-asarone and related compounds for quality control of Acorus rhizome herbal drugs in terms of the effects of their constituents on in vitro acetylcholine esterase activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:892-900. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1569493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We used quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to measure the contents of major constituents of Acorus rhizome materials used as herbal drugs. The inhibitory effects of crude n-hexane extracts and their individual constituents on in vitro acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated. The crude extracts had unexpectedly weak inhibitory effects (46–64% inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL), despite the high content (46–64%) of β-asarone, which independently had a potent effect (IC50 2.9 µM [0.61 µg/mL]). Further investigation revealed participation of eudesmin A, a lignan constituent, in the suppression of the inhibitory effect of β-asarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwe Haymar Lynn
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Thein Zaw Linn
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Cui Yanmei
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimozu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shoko Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Patel SS, Raghuwanshi R, Masood M, Acharya A, Jain SK. Medicinal plants with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:491-529. [PMID: 29303784 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterised by hypofunction of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter in the distinct region of brain. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that metabolises the ACh at synaptic cleft resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Medicinal plants have been used to treat numerous ailments and improve human health from ancient time. A traditional system of medicine is long recognised for its effective management of neurological disorders. The present review confers the scope of some common medicinal plants with a special focus on AChE-mediated central nervous system complications especially Alzheimer's disease. Literature suggests that medicinal plants reduce neuronal dysfunctions by reducing AChE activity in different brain regions. In some instances, activation of AChE activity by medicinal plants also showed therapeutic potential. In conclusion, medicinal plants have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to efficiently manage neurological disorders associated with AChE dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramsaneh Raghuwanshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Misha Masood
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Bhopal 462041, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Farooqui AA, Farooqui T, Madan A, Ong JHJ, Ong WY. Ayurvedic Medicine for the Treatment of Dementia: Mechanistic Aspects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2481076. [PMID: 29861767 PMCID: PMC5976976 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2481076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ayurvedic medicine is a personalized system of traditional medicine native to India and the Indian subcontinent. It is based on a holistic view of treatment which promotes and supports equilibrium in different aspects of human life: the body, mind, and soul. Popular Ayurvedic medicinal plants and formulations that are used to slow down brain aging and enhance memory include Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis, Evolvulus alsinoides, and other species), gotu kola (Centella asiatica), and guggulu (Commiphora mukul and related species) and a formulation known as Brāhmī Ghṛita, containing Brahmi, Vacā (Acorus calamus), Kuṣṭha (Saussurea lappa), Shankhpushpi, and Purāṇa Ghṛita (old clarified butter/old ghee). The rationale for the utilization of Ayurvedic medicinal plants has depended mostly on traditional usage, with little scientific data on signal transduction processes, efficacy, and safety. However, in recent years, pharmacological and toxicological studies have begun to be published and receive attention from scientists for verification of their claimed pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular mechanisms, signal transduction processes, and sites of action of some Ayurvedic medicinal plants. It is hoped that this description can be further explored with modern scientific methods, to reveal new therapeutic leads and jump-start more studies on the use of Ayurvedic medicine for prevention and treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq A. Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Tahira Farooqui
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Anil Madan
- Department of Pathology, Rajshree Medical Research Institute Bareilly, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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Kalász H, Ojha S, Tekes K, Szőke É, Mohanraj R, Fahim M, Adeghate E, Adem A. Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer's Disease. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:23-35. [PMID: 29515678 PMCID: PMC5827296 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of classical and recently discovered plants are indicated in preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE Name of plants with their anti-AD effects are important for their further use and investigation. METHOD A short overview of AD is given; anti-Alzheimer plants are given in a Table. RESULTS Various medicinal plants are listed here as sources of popular medicines to be used in cases when patients are afraid of developing and/or suffer from AD. Some of these plants have been used for centuries. The major sources in the literature, over one hundred of references are given for plants that show beneficial effect on the progress of AD. CONCLUSION Plant extracts are widely used addition to the synthetic drugs approved by various administrative authorities to stop/slow down the progress of symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út 26, Hungary
| | - Rajesh Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Ejsmond MJ, Provenza FD. Is doping of cognitive performance an anti-herbivore adaptation? Alkaloids inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as a case. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J. Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; ul. Gronostajowa 7 Kraków 30-387 Poland
- Department of Arctic Biology; The University Centre in Svalbard; Longyearbyen N-9171 Norway
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Taslimi P, Caglayan C, Gulcin İ. The impact of some natural phenolic compounds on carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-glycosidase enzymes: An antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antiepileptic study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parham Taslimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Bingol University; Bingol 12000 Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
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Potential of Icariin Metabolites from Epimedium koreanum Nakai as Antidiabetic Therapeutic Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060986. [PMID: 28608833 PMCID: PMC6152727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic properties of Epimedium koreanum are presumed to be due to the flavonoid component icariin, which has been reported to have broad pharmacological potential and has demonstrated anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective activities. Considering these therapeutic properties of icariin, its deglycosylated icaritin and glycosylated flavonoids (icaeriside II, epimedin A, epimedin B, and epimedin C) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. The results show that icaritin and icariside II exhibit potent inhibitory activities, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 11.59 ± 1.39 μM and 9.94 ± 0.15 μM against PTP1B and 74.42 ± 0.01 and 106.59 ± 0.44 μM against α-glucosidase, respectively. With the exceptions of icaritin and icariside II, glycosylated flavonoids did not exhibit any inhibitory effects in the two assays. Enzyme kinetics analyses revealed that icaritin and icariside II demonstrated noncompetitive-type inhibition against PTP1B, with inhibition constant (Ki) values of 11.41 and 11.66 μM, respectively. Moreover, molecular docking analysis confirmed that icaritin and icariside II both occupy the same site as allosteric ligand. Thus, the molecular docking simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental data with respect to inhibition activity. In conclusion, deglycosylated metabolites of icariin from E. koreanum might offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Sonibare MA, Ayoola IO, Elufioye TO. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:143-148. [PMID: 27658138 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaf extract and different fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. Wright, and also to identify and quantify some phenolic compounds in the extract. METHODS The antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the methanol extract (CME), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform (CHF), and n-hexane (NHF) fractions of A. adianthifolia leaves were subjected to in vitro chemical analyses. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed important classes of secondary metabolites. All extracts showed good antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The EAF and CHF gave the highest total phenolic contents of 18.02±0.14 and 18.43±0.95 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract, respectively. The polar extracts gave the highest activity in both assays with lower IC50 values. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 77.74±0.84, 55.76±2.30, 58.47±0.72, and 232.24±2.70 µg/mL, respectively, while in the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay, the IC50 values of CME, EAF, CHF, and NHF were 11.80±0.88, 10.04±1.67, 17.44±1.74, and 124.38±1.51 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the leaf of A. adianthifolia could serve as a potential candidate for future search of antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the management of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Kuk EB, Jo AR, Oh SI, Sohn HS, Seong SH, Roy A, Choi JS, Jung HA. Anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity of compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:338-349. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:29-56. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Morzelle MC, Salgado JM, Telles M, Mourelle D, Bachiega P, Buck HS, Viel TA. Neuroprotective Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract after Chronic Infusion with Amyloid-β Peptide in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166123. [PMID: 27829013 PMCID: PMC5102433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic and degenerative condition that had no treatment until recently. The current therapeutic strategies reduce progression of the disease but are expensive and commonly cause side effects that are uncomfortable for treated patients. Functional foods to prevent and/or treat many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, represent a promising field of study currently gaining attention. To this end, here we demonstrate the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PPE) regarding spatial memory, biomarkers of neuroplasticity, oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration. Male C57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused for 35 days with amyloid-β peptide 1–42 (Aβ) or vehicle (control) using mini-osmotic pumps. Another group, also infused with Aβ, was treated with PPE (p.o.– βA+PPE, 800 mg/kg/day). Spatial memory was evaluated in the Barnes maze. Animals treated with PPE and in the control group exhibited a reduction in failure to find the escape box, a finding that was not observed in the Aβ group. The consumption of PPE reduced amyloid plaque density, increased the expression of neurotrophin BDNF and reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. A reduction in lipid peroxidation and in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was also observed in the PPE group. No hepatic lesions were observed in animals treated with PPE. In conclusion, administration of pomegranate peel extract has neuroprotective effects involving multiple mechanisms to prevent establishment and progression of the neurodegenerative process induced by infusion with amyloid-β peptide in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, P.O. Box. 9, 13418–900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, P.O. Box. 9, 13418–900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Telles
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Mourelle
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bachiega
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, P.O. Box. 9, 13418–900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesario Motta Junior, 61, 111° andar, São Paulo, SP 01221–020, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Graduation Course on Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508–900, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, SP 03828–080, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of field and in vitro grown Musa L. species. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kantar C, Mavi V, Baltaş N, İslamoğlu F, Şaşmaz S. Novel zinc(II)phthalocyanines bearing azo-containing schiff base: Determination of pKa values, absorption, emission, enzyme inhibition and photochemical properties. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Acorus calamus Linn.: phytoconstituents and bactericidal property. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:164. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adefegha SA, Oboh G, Oyeleye SI, Dada FA, Ejakpovi I, Boligon AA. Cognitive Enhancing and Antioxidative Potentials of Velvet Beans (Mucuna pruriens) and Horseradish (Moringa oleifera) Seeds Extracts: A Comparative Study. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Adefegha
- Functional food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure 340001 Nigeria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de SantaMaria; Santa Maria-RS Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure 340001 Nigeria
| | - Sunday I. Oyeleye
- Functional food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure 340001 Nigeria
| | - Felix A. Dada
- Functional food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure 340001 Nigeria
- Department of Science Laboratory; Federal Polytechnic Ede; Km. 2 Poly Road, Ede 231 Nigeria
| | - Isaac Ejakpovi
- Functional food and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure, P.M.B. 704 Akure 340001 Nigeria
| | - Aline A. Boligon
- Departamento de Quimica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário; Camobi 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS Brazil
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Baltas N, Yildiz O, Kolayli S. Inhibition properties of propolis extracts to some clinically important enzymes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:52-55. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1167049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Baltas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey,
| | - Oktay Yildiz
- Maçka Vocational School, Karadeniz Thecnical University, Trabzon, Turkey, and
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Thecnical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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A Review on Potential Mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:8964849. [PMID: 26941792 PMCID: PMC4749770 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8964849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and NMDA receptor antagonists, although outcomes are not completely favorable. Hence, novel agents found in herbal plants are gaining attention as possible therapeutic alternatives. The Terminalia chebula (Family: Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of medicinal properties and is reported to contain various biochemicals such as hydrolysable tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, so it may prove to be a good therapeutic alternative. In this research, we reviewed published scientific literature found in various databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Scirus, and Google Scholar, with the keywords: T. chebula, AD, neuroprotection, medicinal plant, antioxidant, ellagitannin, gallotannin, gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and chebulinic acid. This review shows that T. chebula extracts and its constituents have AChEI and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, all of which are currently relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Manoharan S, Essa MM, Vinoth A, Kowsalya R, Manimaran A, Selvasundaram R. Alzheimer's Disease and Medicinal Plants: An Overview. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:95-105. [PMID: 27651250 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder and identified as a major health concern globally. Individuals with AD and their care givers are affected in personal, emotional, financial, and social levels. Due to its significant impact and heavy burden on the individual, the patients' families, and society, it is highly needed to search for cost effective, long-time retention therapeutic targets. In recent decades, there are lots of research conducted the possible benefit of natural products and their active components on AD and other neurodegenerative disease, which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Vinoth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kowsalya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Manimaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Selvasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Background: Learning, the process of acquiring memory such as behavioral change due to previous experiences and most intensively studied subjects in the field of neuroscience through various approaches to understand the mechanisms. Brahmi Ghrita (BG) was claimed for the treatment of learning and memory disorders in human being. Aim: To assess learning and memory activity of BG in normal rats. Materials and Methods: For this study, 24 rats were taken and divided into four groups (six in each). First group served as the control group, second and the third group as BG treated groups (400 and 800 mg/kg, p. o.) and the fourth group as standard drug (piracetam) 500 mg/kg, p.o. treated group. Learning and memory, activity of BG was evaluated in normal rats, using elevated maze plus and passive avoidance test. Results: BG and piracetam treated rats demonstrated a significant decrease in transfer latency in modified elevated plus maze test and increase in step through latency in passive avoidance test compared with control rats in a dose dependent manner. It may be due to increase in learning and memory. It was also reported that prolonged use of Bacopa monneri (L.) Pennell causes elevation of cerebral glutamic acid and transient increase in gamma aminobutaric acid, which may be helpful in the process of learning. Conclusion: Brahmi Ghrita enhances learning and memory as analogous to standard drug (piracetam) in normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Deo Yadav
- Department of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K R C Reddy
- Department of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chemotaxonomic Metabolite Profiling of 62 Indigenous Plant Species and Its Correlation with Bioactivities. Molecules 2015; 20:19719-34. [PMID: 26540030 PMCID: PMC6332367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxonomic metabolite profiling of 62 indigenous Korean plant species was performed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear trap quadrupole-ion trap (LTQ-IT) mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. In partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the 62 species clustered depending on their phylogenetic family, in particular, Aceraceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae were distinguished from Rosaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae. Quinic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol, and kaempferol derivatives were identified as family-specific metabolites, and were found in relatively high concentrations in Aceraceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae. Fagaceae and Asteraceae were selected based on results of PLS-DA and bioactivities to determine the correlation between metabolic differences among plant families and bioactivities. Quinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives were found in higher concentrations in Fagaceae than in Asteraceae, and were positively correlated with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. These results suggest that metabolite profiling was a useful tool for finding the different metabolic states of each plant family and understanding the correlation between metabolites and bioactivities in accordance with plant family.
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Chen HP, Yang K, Zheng LS, You CX, Cai Q, Wang CF. Repellant and insecticidal activities of shyobunone and isoshyobunone derived from the essential oil of Acorus calamus rhizomes. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:675-81. [PMID: 26600710 PMCID: PMC4621634 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.165543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT It was found that the essential oil of Acorus calamus rhizomes showed insecticidal activity. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil from A. calamus rhizomes, evaluate insecticidal and repellant activity against Lasioderma serricorne (LS) and Tribolium castaneum (TC), and to isolate any insecticidal constituents from the essential oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Essential oil from A. calamus was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) flame ionization detector and GC-mass spectrometry. The insecticidal and repellant activity of the essential oil and isolated compounds was tested using a variety of methods. RESULTS The main components of the essential oil were identified to be isoshyobunone (15.56%), β-asarone (10.03%), bicyclo[6.1.0]non-1-ene (9.67%), shyobunone (9.60%) and methylisoeugenol (6.69%). Among them, the two active constituents were isolated and identified as shyobunone and isoshyobunone. The essential oil showed contact toxicity against LS and TC with LD50 values of 14.40 and 32.55 μg/adult, respectively. The isolated compounds, shyobunone and isoshyobunone also exhibited strong contact toxicity against LS adults with LD50 values of 20.24 and 24.19 μg/adult, respectively, while the LD50 value of isoshyobunone was 61.90 μg/adult for TC adults. The essential oil, shyobunone and isoshyobunone were strongly repellent (98%, 90% and 94%, respectively, at 78.63 nL/cm(2), after 2 h treatment) against TC. CONCLUSION The essential oil, shyobunone and isoshyobunone possessed insecticidal and repellant activity against LS and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, NO.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li-Shi Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun-Xue You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, NO.19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, China
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Hung TM, Lee JS, Chuong NN, Kim JA, Oh SH, Woo MH, Choi JS, Min BS. Kinetics and molecular docking studies of cholinesterase inhibitors derived from water layer of Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. (II). Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:74-82. [PMID: 26297990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors increase the availability of acetylcholine in central cholinergic synapses and are the most promising drugs currently available for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our screening study indicated that the water fraction of the methanolic extract of Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. significantly inhibited AChE in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of a new lignan glycoside, lycocernuaside A (12), and fourteen known compounds (1-11 and 13-15). Compound 7 exhibited the most potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.23 μM. Compound 15 had the most potent inhibitory activity against BChE and BACE1 with IC50 values of 0.62 and 2.16 μM, respectively. Compounds 4 and 7 showed mixed- and competitive-type AChE inhibition. Compound 7 noncompetitively inhibited BChE whereas 15 showed competitive and 8, 13, and 14 showed mixed-type inhibition. The docking results for complexes with AChE or BChE revealed that inhibitors 4, 7, and 15 stably positioned themselves in several pocket/catalytic domains of the AChE and BChE residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, South Korea; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University-HoChiMinh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, HoChiMinh City, Viet Nam
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Chuong
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, HoChiMinh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 221B Hoang Van Thu Street, Phu Nhuan District, HoChiMinh City, Viet Nam
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Korean BioInformation Center (KOBIC), Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, South Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, South Korea.
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Herbs to curb cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and their potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 149:75-87. [PMID: 26050556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides viz., cAMP/cGMP has been well known to play important role in cellular function and deficiency in their levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are the enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides and the inhibition of phosphodiesterases is considered to be viable strategy to restore the level of cyclic nucleotides and their functions in the brain. Various synthetic PDE inhibitors had been used clinically for various disorders and also suggested to be useful candidates for treating neurological disorders. However, side effects of these synthetic PDE inhibitors have limited their use in clinical practice. Natural plant extracts or their bio-active compounds are considered to be safe and are widely acceptable. During the last decade, many plant extracts or their bio-active compounds were tested pre-clinically for PDE inhibitory activity and are reported to be equally potent in inhibiting PDE's, as that of synthetic compounds. The present review is aimed to discuss the potential plant extract/compounds with PDE inhibitory activity and critically discuss their potential role in Alzheimer's disease.
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