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Allani M, Akhilesh, Tiwari V. Caspase-driven cancer therapies: Navigating the bridge between lab discoveries and clinical applications. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3944. [PMID: 38348642 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the cell's natural intrinsic regulatory mechanism of normal cells for programmed cell death, which plays an important role in cancer as a classical mechanism of tumor cell death causing minimal inflammation without causing damage to other cells in the vicinity. Induction of apoptosis by activation of caspases is one of the primary targets for cancer treatment. Over the years, a diverse range of natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic compounds and their derivatives have been investigated for their caspase-mediated apoptosis-induced anticancer activities. The review aims to compile the preclinical evidence and highlight the critical mechanistic pathways related to caspase-induced cell apoptosis in cancer treatment. The focus is placed on the key components of the mechanisms, including their chemical nature, and specific attention is given to phytochemicals derived from natural sources and synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. 180+ compounds from the past two decades with potential as anticancer agents are discussed in this review article. By summarizing the current knowledge and advancements in this field, this review provides a comprehensive overview of potential therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis in cancer cells. The findings presented herein contribute to the ongoing efforts to combat cancer and stimulate further research into the development of effective and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Iqbal Andrabi N, Sarkar AR, Assim Haq S, Kumar D, Kour D, Saroch D, Kumar Shukla S, Kumar A, Bhagat A, Ali A, Kour G, Ahmed Z. Site-selective synthesis and pharmacological elucidation of novel semi-synthetic analogues of koenimbine as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111059. [PMID: 37979450 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Koenimbine (1), a carbazole alkaloid isolated from Murraya koenigii, belongs to the Rutaceae family. Various pharmacological effects such as anti-diabetic, melanogenesis inhibition, anti-diarrheal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties of koenimbine have already been reported. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of koenimbine (1) and its novel semi-synthetic derivative 8-methoxy-3,3,5-trimethylpyrano[3,2-a] carbazole-11(3H)-yl) (3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) methanone (1G) in both in vitro and in vivo biological systems. Our results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of 1G significantly lowered the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α & IL-1β), LTB4 following LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, 1G significantly attenuated the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose dependent manner and also decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the oral administration of 1G reduced the inflammatory response in carrageenan-induced paw edema in BALB/C mice. Moreover, it effectively reduced NO, IL-6, IL-1β & TNF-α levels, liver markers (AST, ALT), and kidney markers (BUN, CRE, and Urea). Also, 1G reverted the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue damage in lungs, liver and kidney enhanced the survival rate in LPS-challenged mice. 1G blocks NF-κB p65 from translocating into the nucleus and activating inflammatory gene transcription. These results illustrated that 1G suppresses the inflammatory effects both in-vitro and in-vivo studies via downregulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that semi-synthetic derivative 1G can effectively attenuate the inflammatory response via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways; suggesting 1G is a potential novel anti-inflammatory drug candidate in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrit Iqbal Andrabi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aminur R Sarkar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Assim Haq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diljeet Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dilpreet Kour
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diksha Saroch
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asha Bhagat
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gurleen Kour
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Yohanes R, Harneti D, Supratman U, Fajriah S, Rudiana T. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Murraya Species. Molecules 2023; 28:5901. [PMID: 37570872 PMCID: PMC10421387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Murraya is a plant genus within the Rutaceae family comprising over 17 species, which are widely distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, these species have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, pain, and dysentery. Several reports have also extensively studied the leaves, seeds, stembark, and bark of Murraya from 1965 to 2023 to explore their natural product composition. Various phytochemical studies have revealed the isolation of 413 compounds recorded, comprising coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and aromatics, as well as alkaloids, which constitute the largest proportion (46.9%). These isolated compounds have long been known to exhibit different bioactivities, such as cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cytotoxic activity has been observed against HCT 116, HeLa, HepG2, and other cell lines. Previous studies have also reported the presence of antifungal, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of Murraya species, highlighting their phytochemistry, biological activities, and potential as a source of active natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Yohanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Complex Cibinong Science—BRIN, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Tarso Rudiana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathlaul Anwar, Pandeglang 42273, Indonesia
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Rao MJ, Duan M, Wei X, Zuo H, Ma L, Tahir Ul Qamar M, Li M, Han S, Hu L, Wang L. LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach revealed novel phytocompounds from sugarcane rind with promising pharmacological value. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6632-6642. [PMID: 35603546 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane provides many secondary metabolites for the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, have been studied, but few reports focus on the identification of alkaloid and non-alkaloid phytocompounds in sugarcane. RESULTS In this study, we identified 40 compounds in total from the rinds of cultivated sugarcane varieties (including eight alkaloids, 24 non-alkaloids, and eight others) by using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Among these compounds, 31 were novel and are reported for the first time in sugarcane. Some alkaloids such as 3-indoleacrylic acid, N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine, tryptamine, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are identified the first time in sugarcane rind. Four alkaloids such as trigonelline, piperidine, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and 6-deoxyfagomine are found abundantly in sugarcane rind and these compounds have promising pharmaceutical value. Some phytocompounds such as choline and acetylcholine (non-alkaloid compounds) were most common in the rind of ROC22 and Yuetang93/159 (YT93/159). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the ROC22, Taitang172 (F172), and Yuetang71/210 (YT71/210) varieties were quite similar in alkaloid composition when compared with other sugarcane varieties. We have also characterized the biosynthesis pathway of sugarcane alkaloids. The rind of F172, ROC22, and YT71/210 showed the highest total alkaloid content, whereas the rind of ROC16 revealed a minimum level. Interestingly, the rind extract from YT71/210 and F172 showed maximum antioxidant activity, followed by ROC22. CONCLUSION Our results showed the diversity of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds in the rind of six cultivated sugarcanes and highlighted the promising phytocompounds that can be extracted, isolated, and utilized by the pharmacological industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzheng Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hou Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shijian Han
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Nazeer HY, Iqbal MO, Mumtaz A, Ahmed MM, Riaz R, Rasool MF. In vivo antioxidants, chemical characterization and biochemical and MedicinalPotential of Murraya koenigii inCisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:566-574. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2140352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong-266003, China
- Royal Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mumtaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masood Ahmed
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Times Institute Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Romana Riaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
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Kaneda N. [Studies on the Isolation and Molecular Mechanisms of Bioactive Phytochemicals]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:977-991. [PMID: 36047225 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the isolation and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals with anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory properties are important to developing new drugs for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In the course of a study to screen bioactive isoflavones from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae), we isolated an isoflavone with potent apoptosis-inducing activity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. It was designated erypoegin K. The studies demonstrated an enantiomer, (S)-erypoegin K, displayed selective cytotoxic activity, was a novel inhibitor of topoisomerase II, and possessed anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. We identified other apoptosis-inducing isoflavones with the ability to inhibit glyoxalase I. Dimeric acridone alkaloids, carbazole alkaloids, and coumarin and quinoline derivatives-all obtained mainly from plants in the family Rutaceae-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells via the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. We also identified terpenoid coumarins, carbazole quinones, rotenoid derivatives, and quinolone alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities. These compounds reduced nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides and interferon-γ. Some of the compounds displayed neuroprotective activity by reducing NO production. This review primarily describes our recent studies on erypoegin K, and other compounds with apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Zhu B, Xiong W, Tan X, Wu W, Jiang H. Cu2O-Catalyzed Ullmann-type C N cross-coupling reaction of carbazole and aryl chlorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sanmugarajah V, Rajkumar G. A Review of Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Curry Leaf Tree (Murraya koenigii). BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i2.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is becoming a metabolic disease that is defined by the level of hyperglycemia. Nowadays, it has a serious threat to public healthiness in throughout the world. Constituents and extracts isolated from diverse natural resources, mainly plants, have constantly been a rich store for controlling and treating diabetes problems. Numerous researches are ongoing to identify the suitable traditional medical drugs, medicinal herbs, and resources for managing this condition. Murraya koenigii Spreng (family Rutaceae) is commonly known as a ‘curry leaf tree’ locally. It is widely scattered in India and Sri Lanka, and leaves are commonly used for cooking. And also mainly used for various health conditions such as diabetes, anemia, diarrhea, and others. The present review aimed to critically review the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the M. koenigii based on the review, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Based on this review, the M. koenigii possess flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. It has shown a potential anti-hyperglycemic effect on induced diabetic rats. This review reported the potential of M. koenigii and its extract to be a high-value dietary product in terms of its anti-hyperglycemic effects and industrial profits. Therefore, the present review supports the researchers and readers/users to realize the importance of using M. koenigii in managing diabetes mellitus. Further, this review provides a valuable document for future scientific-related clinical trials in diabetic patients.
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Tan MA, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Target Approach of Murraya koenigii Leaves in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:188. [PMID: 35215300 PMCID: PMC8880493 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis-misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Tan
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Ijaz M, Arshad A, Awan MA, Tariq MR, Ali SW, Ali S, Shafiq M, Ahmed S, Sheas MN, Iftikhar M, Ahmed S, Nasir MA, Kausar G, Javed AUI, Safdar W. Exploring the potential of curry leaves on mercury-induced hepatorenal toxicity in an animal model. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:499-506. [PMID: 35154686 PMCID: PMC8825737 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal drugs play an imperative role in healthcare programs in developing countries. Curry leaves have wide medicinal importance and are used to treat various diseases traditionally. The current study was carried out to estimate the extent of mercury toxicity and the potential effect of curry leaves against defined toxicity. The study group comprised 24 rats weighing between 130 and150 g. Group 1 was kept normal, and group 2 was exposed to mercury at 0.4 mg/kg of body weight in the form of mercuric chloride (HgCl2). The group 3 animals were treated with curry leaves with a dosage of 300 mg/kg of body weight. Group 4 was treated with curry leaves along with mercury with a dosage of 300 and 0.4 mg/kg consecutively. After 28 days, the rats were killed. Blood sample of all groups were evaluated separately to determine the results of different parameters. The results show that ALP, AST, ALT, urea, bilirubin, and creatinine increased with mercury application and decreased with curry leaf exposure. SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR of the liver as well as the kidney depleted on mercury exposure whereas they increased with curry leaf application. HDL increased with curry leaf application and decreased with mercury treatment, while LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol decreased with curry leaves and increased with mercury exposure. Organ index in mercury along with curry leaf application got close to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ijaz
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Asma Arshad
- Quaid‐e‐Azam Medical CollegeBahawalpurPakistan
| | | | | | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Food SciencesUniversity of the PunjabQuid‐i‐Azam CampusLahorePakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Medical SciencesRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Sheas
- Department of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreIslamabad CampusIslamabadPakistan
| | - Madiha Iftikhar
- Department of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreIslamabad CampusIslamabadPakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food ScienceCholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Nasir
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreGujrat CampusGujratPakistan
| | - Ghazala Kausar
- School of Food and NutritionMinhaj University LahoreLahorePakistan
| | | | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Medical SciencesRawalpindiPakistan
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Cytotoxicity of Mahanimbine from Curry Leaves in Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) via Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Anti-Angiogenesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030971. [PMID: 35164236 PMCID: PMC8838323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahanimbine (MN) is a carbazole alkaloid present in the leaves of Murraya koenigii, which is an integral part of medicinal and culinary practices in Asia. In the present study, the anticancer, apoptotic and anti-invasive potential of MN has been delineated in vitro. Apoptosis cells determination was carried out utilizing the acridine orange/propidium iodide double fluorescence test. During treatment, caspase-3/7,-8, and-9 enzymes and mitochondrial membrane potentials (Δψm) were evaluated. Anti-invasive properties were tested utilizing a wound-healing scratch test. Protein and gene expression studies were used to measure Bax, Bcl2, MMP-2, and -9 levels. The results show that MN could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at 14 µM concentration IC50. MN-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, with loss in Δψm, regulation of Bcl2/Bax, and accumulation of ROS (p ≤ 0.05). Caspase-3/7 and -9 enzyme activity were detected in MCF-7 cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment with MN. The anti-invasive property of MN was shown by inhibition of wound healing at the dose-dependent level and significantly suppressed mRNA and protein expression on MMP-2 and -9 in MCF-7 cells treated with a sub-cytotoxic dose of MN. The overall results indicate MN is a potential therapeutic compound against breast cancer as an apoptosis inducer and anti-invasive agent.
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Zhao Y, Jin L, Guo J, Stephan DW. Catalytic hydroaminations of alkynes: A facile protocol to vinyl- carbazole derivatives via a frustrated Lewis pair mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3039-3042. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07171h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-vinylcarbazoles are important skeletons for photoluminescent materials. Herein, a metal-free, B(C6F5)3 mediated carbazolation reaction of alkynes is reported. This provides 24 variants of N-vinylcarbazole derivatives. These N-vinylcarbazole products were obtained...
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Ma X, Chen H, Zhu S, Tu P, Jiang Y. Trimeric and Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya microphylla. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185689. [PMID: 34577160 PMCID: PMC8469674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen new carbazole alkaloid derivatives, including a trimeric carbazole racemate, (±)-microphyltrine A (1), 15 dimeric carbazole racemates, (±)-microphyldines A–O (2–16), and a C-6–C-3″-methyl-linked dimeric carbazole, microphyldine P (17), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murraya microphylla (Merr. et Chun) Swingle. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS and NMR data analysis. The optically pure isomers of these isolated carbazole alkaloids were obtained by chiral HPLC separation and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis.
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Abstract
The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.
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Polley A, Varalaxmi K, Nandi A, Jana R. Divergent Total Synthesis of (±)‐Mahanine and Other Carbazole Alkaloids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Polley
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata 700032 West Bengal (India
| | - Kasarla Varalaxmi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata 700054 West Bengal India
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Kolkata 700032 West Bengal (India
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Aniqa A, Kaur S, Sadwal S. A Review of the Anti-Cancer Potential of Murraya koenigii (Curry Tree) and Its Active Constituents. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:12-26. [PMID: 33587002 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1882509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Murraya koenigii (MK) relates to the Rutaceae family and has many health benefits. To date, over eighty-eight carbazole alkaloids along with terpenoids, and other nutrients have been identified from different parts of this plant. This review presents accumulated information regarding the role of MK and its constituents in the prevention/treatment of cancer. Literature survey revealed that MK and its constituents target multiple deranged pathways associated with apoptosis, growth (JAK-STAT, mTOR), and cell cycle in a variety of cancerous cell lines (colon, lung, liver, skin, prostate, breast, etc.) and few animal models. Thus, the present review highlights the anticancer mechanism of MK and its phytoconstituents, and further future perspectives. The ameliorating effects of MK and its phytoconstituents against various cancers warrant its multi-institutional clinical trials as soon as possible. The prospects of relatively cheaper cancer drugs could then be brighter, particularly for the socio-economically feebler cancer patients of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqa Aniqa
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shilpa Sadwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Kumar N, Lal N, Nemaysh V, Luthra PM. Design, synthesis, DNA binding studies and evaluation of anticancer potential of novel substituted biscarbazole derivatives against human glioma U87 MG cell line. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Kaur S, Dogra S, Sadwal S, Aniqa A. Chemopreventive activity of hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:396-410. [PMID: 32580686 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the chemoprotective effect of Hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) on murine skin carcinogenesis model. For the study, male LACA mice divided into four groups (n = 15 per group). Group I (Control), Group II (DMBA/TPA), Group III (HEMKLE), and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA). Skin tumors were induced in Group II (DMBA/TPA) and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) by topical application of 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) [500 nmol/100 μL of acetone, twice a week for two weeks] and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) [1.7 nmol/100 μL of acetone, twice a week for eighteen weeks] and HEMKLE (200 mg/kg b. w.) was administered orally (instilled by oral gavage). The chemoprotective response of HEMKLE was evident by inhibition in tumor incidence, mean tumor volume, mean tumor burden, total number of tumors, and tumor size in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA). HEMKLE administration also decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and increased the antioxidants enzyme activities in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA) that suggests its antioxidant potential. HEMKLE administration also increased the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA) that suggest its apoptosis-inducing effect on DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvnarinder Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shilpa Dogra
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shilpa Sadwal
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aniqa Aniqa
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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20
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Bjørsvik HR, Gjertsen BT, Elumalai V. Hit to Leads with Cytotoxic Effect in Leukemic Cells: Total Synthesis Intermediates as a Molecule Treasure Chest. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:862-870. [PMID: 32233065 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A previously designed and developed 12-step total synthesis that includes [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine and carbazole intermediates and that ultimately produces the carbazole alkaloid carbazomycin G was exploited as a screening compound library with the goal of identifying potential lead compound(s) with cytotoxic effect. These compounds were investigated by using in-vitro tests involving the two human cell lines HL-60 and MOLM-13, which both model acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The in-vitro biological test results were used together with the molecular structures of the various intermediates in a concise SAR analysis. Several of the intermediates revealed cytotoxicity (IC50 <10-4 M), although the final natural product carbazomycin G did not reveal cytotoxicity versus the two said human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, P.B. 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Balakrishnan R, Vijayraja D, Jo SH, Ganesan P, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E101. [PMID: 31991665 PMCID: PMC7070712 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need for molecules from plants and other natural resources under discovery as potential methods of replacing synthetic compounds. In traditional medicinal therapies, several plant extracts and phytochemicals have been reported to impart remedial effects as better alternatives. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which is commonly used as a medicinally important herb of Indian origin in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Previous reports have demonstrated that the leaves, roots, and bark of this plant are rich sources of carbazole alkaloids, which produce potent biological activities and pharmacological effects. These include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. The present review provides insight into the major components of M. koenigii and their pharmacological activities against different pathological conditions. The review also emphasizes the need for more research on the molecular basis of such activity in various cellular and animal models to validate the efficacy of M. koenigii and its derivatives as potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Dhanraj Vijayraja
- Department of Biochemistry, Rev. Jacob Memorial Christian College, Ambilikkai 624612, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Song-Hee Jo
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Integrated Bio Science and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (R.B.); (S.-H.J.)
- Department of Integrated Bio Science and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
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22
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Mondal A, Gandhi A, Fimognari C, Atanasov AG, Bishayee A. Alkaloids for cancer prevention and therapy: Current progress and future perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172472. [PMID: 31228447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich source for drug discovery. Numerous alkaloids screened from medicinal plants and herbs showed antiproliferative and anticancer effects on wide category of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Vinblastine, vinorelbine, vincristine, and vindesine have already been successfully developed as anticancer drugs. The available and up-to-date information on the ethnopharmacological uses in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical utility of alkaloids were collected using various resources (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Springerlink). In this article, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview on naturally-occurring alkaloids with anticancer activities and highlight the molecular mechanisms of action of these secondary metabolites. Furthermore, this review also presents a summary of synthetic derivatives and pharmacological profiles useful to researchers for the therapeutic development of alkaloids. Based on the literature survey compiled in this review, alkaloids represent an important group of anticancer drugs of plant origin with enormous potential for future development of drugs for cancer therapy and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arijit Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Durgapur, 713 212, West Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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23
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Shivakumar VS, Johnson G, Zimmer EA. Transcriptome analysis of the curry tree (Bergera koenigii L., Rutaceae) during leaf development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4230. [PMID: 30862864 PMCID: PMC6414593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The curry tree (Bergera koenigii L.) is a widely cultivated plant used in South Asian cooking. Next-generation sequencing was used to generate the transcriptome of the curry leaf to detect changes in gene expression during leaf development, such as those genes involved in the production of oils which lend the leaf its characteristic taste, aroma, and medicinal properties. Using abundance estimation (RSEM) and differential expression analysis, genes that were significantly differentially expressed were identified. The transcriptome was annotated with BLASTx using the non-redundant (nr) protein database, and Gene Ontology (GO) terms were assigned based on the top BLAST hit using Blast2GO. Lastly, functional enrichment of the assigned GO terms was analyzed for genes that were significantly differentially expressed. Of the most enriched GO categories, pathways involved in cell wall, membrane, and lignin synthesis were found to be most upregulated in immature leaf tissue, possibly due to the growth and expansion of the leaf tissue. Terpene synthases, which synthesize monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which comprise much of the curry essential oil, were found to be significantly upregulated in mature leaf tissue, suggesting that oil production increases later in leaf development. Enzymes involved in pigment production were also significantly upregulated in mature leaves. The findings were based on computational estimates of gene expression from RNA-seq data, and further study is warranted to validate these results using targeted techniques, such as quantitative PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram S Shivakumar
- Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, 6560 Braddock Rd, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA.
| | - Gabriel Johnson
- Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmer
- Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA.
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24
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Garg V, Kumar P, Verma AK. Substrate-Controlled Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of ( Z)- and ( E)- N-Styrylated Carbazoles, Aza-carbazoles, and γ-Carbolines via Hydroamination of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11686-11702. [PMID: 30141931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the substrate-controlled regio- and stereoselective hydroamination of carbazoles, aza-carbazoles, and γ-carbolines with functionalized aromatic as well as aliphatic alkynes in a KOH/DMSO system in good yields. The electronic effect of the substrates governs the stereochemistry of the product. Electron-donating alkynes provided ( Z)-stereoselective products, and electron-withdrawing alkynes provided ( E)-stereoselective products. This approach also provides an easy route for the synthesis of mono- and bis-hydroaminated product. The deuterium-labeling studies were also conducted to support the mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Garg
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India
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25
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Ma X, Cao N, Zhang C, Guo X, Zhao M, Tu P, Jiang Y. Cytotoxic carbazole alkaloid derivatives from the leaves and stems of Murraya microphylla. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:334-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Phytochemical portfolio and anticancer activity of Murraya koenigii and its primary active component, mahanine. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Murrayaquinones A-D is a group of four bioactive carbazole-1,4-dione natural products isolated from the root bark of the plant Murraya eucrestifolia hayata. Murrayaquinone is synthesized in five steps starting from the commercially available 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde with an overall yield of 45%. The novelty of this murrayaquinone synthesis is in the use of a Mn(OAc)3 mediated oxidative radical reaction of a N-benzylaminoquinone derivative with 2-cyclohexen-1-one for the late-stage indole ring construction.
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28
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Arun A, Patel OPS, Saini D, Yadav PP, Konwar R. Anti-colon cancer activity of Murraya koenigii leaves is due to constituent murrayazoline and O-methylmurrayamine A induced mTOR/AKT downregulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:510-521. [PMID: 28675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many alkaloids of plant origin have attracted great attention due to their diverse range of biological properties including anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor activity. Herein, the pyranocarbazole alkaloids were isolated from leaves of Murraya koenigii and their anti-cancer potential was investigated in different cancer cell lines. Among all tested compounds, murrayazoline and O-methylmurrayamine A demonstrated potent anti-cancer activity against DLD-1 colon cancer cells with the IC50 values of 5.7μM and 17.9μM, respectively, without any non-specific cytotoxicity against non-cancer HEK-293 and HaCaT cells. Further, studies of pure compounds revealed that the anti-cancer activity of compounds corresponds with altered cellular morphology, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, reactive oxygen species level and mitochondrial membrane depolarization of colon cancer cells. In addition, these compounds activated caspase-3 protein and upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio leading to induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in DLD-1 cells. These event induced by carbazole alkaloids also coincides with downregulation of Akt/mTOR suggesting downstream targeting of cell survival pathway. Thus, our in vitro studies not only provided scientific basis of the use of M. koenigii leaves in the traditional Indian Ayurveda medicines, but also expands possibilities of medicinal uses of M. koenigii leaves against colon cancer. Particularly, these findings will help in further investigating murrayazoline and O-methylmurrayamine A or their improvised derivatives as new therapeutics for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Arun
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Om P S Patel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem P Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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29
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Murali K, Sparkes HA, Prasad KJR. A Novel Synthesis of Aryl- and Heteroaryl - Annulated Carbazoles: Newly Synthesized Pyrido-, Benzo[a]- and Spirooxindolinebenzo[a]-carbazols. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Murali
- Department of Chemistry; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore - 641046 India
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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30
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Ismail A, Noolu B, Gogulothu R, Perugu S, Rajanna A, Babu SK. Cytotoxicity and Proteasome Inhibition by Alkaloid Extract from Murraya koenigii Leaves in Breast Cancer Cells-Molecular Docking Studies. J Med Food 2017; 19:1155-1165. [PMID: 27982755 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murraya koenigii (curry tree) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. Alkaloids from M. koenigii leaves have antianalgesic, antiulcerogenic, antiobesity, and antitumor activities. In this study, we tested the cytotoxic and proteasome-inhibitory potential of a total alkaloid extract (TAE) from M. koenigii leaves in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The TAE decreased cell viability with an IC50 of 14.4 μg/mL and altered growth kinetics of breast cancer cells. TAE (32 μg/mL) arrested cells (35%) in the "S" phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. The 26S proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex, promotes tumor cell proliferation and protects tumor cells from apoptosis. The TAE and mahanine, a carbazole alkaloid present in M. koenigii leaves, preferentially inhibited the trypsin-like, but not the chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity of the proteasome with an IC50 of 162 μg/mL and 287 μM, respectively. In silico analysis of 26 compounds from M. koenigii leaves revealed significant docking scores for mahanine and two other carbazole alkaloids with the β2 and β5 subunits of the catalytic 20S proteasome. Taken together, this study demonstrates that inhibition of the proteasome is an important biological activity of M. koenigii alkaloids, which may lead to cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Ismail
- 1 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India
| | - Bindu Noolu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Gogulothu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India
| | - Shyam Perugu
- 2 Biomedical Informatics Centre, National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajumeera Rajanna
- 3 Department of Stem Cell Research, National Institute of Nutrition , Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh K Babu
- 4 Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India
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Rehana D, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Rahiman AK. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using medicinally important plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1067-1077. [PMID: 28292015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using different plant extracts obtained from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica. In order to compare their efficiency, the same copper oxide nanoparticles was also synthesized by chemical method. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, proteins and amino acids. FT IR spectra confirmed the possible biomolecules responsible for the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance absorption band at 220-235nm in the UV-vis spectra also supports the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD patterns revealed the monoclinic phase of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. The average size, shape and the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles were determined by SEM, TEM and SAED analysis. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different free radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against four cancer cell lines such as human breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), epithelioma (Hep-2) and lung (A549), and one normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line. The morphological changes were evaluated using Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method exhibited high antioxidant and cytotoxicity than that synthesized by chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaveez Rehana
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India; Department of Chemistry, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600 018, India
| | - D Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - R Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengodu 637 205, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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Utaipan T, Athipornchai A, Suksamrarn A, Chunsrivirot S, Chunglok W. Isomahanine induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and simultaneously triggers p38 MAPK-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in multidrug-resistant human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1243-1252. [PMID: 28075474 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is typically aggressive and closely correlated with disease recurrence and poor survival. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the most critical problem leading to therapeutic failure. Investigation of novel anticancer candidates targeting multidrug-resistant OSCC cells may provide a basis for developing effective strategies for OSCC treatment. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of a carbazole alkaloid, namely isomahanine, in a multidrug‑resistant OSCC cell line CLS-354/DX. We demonstrated that CLS-354/DX cells overexpressing multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) were resistant to anticancer drugs cisplatin and camptothecin. Isomahanine effectively induced cytotoxicity against CLS-354/DX cells regardless of resistance. Apoptosis as determined by FITC‑Annexin V/PI staining and western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) was significantly induced in a time-dependent manner upon isomahanine treatment. Isomahanine-induced caspase‑dependent apoptosis was determined using z-VAD‑fmk. The effects on autophagy in isomahanine-treated cells were investigated via conversion of LC3B and degradation of p62/SQSTM1 (p62). Isomahanine obviously induced autophagic flux as shown by an increase in punctate GFP-LC3B and the LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio with a concomitant decrease in p62 levels. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) protected isomahanine-induced cell death, indicating the activation of autophagic cell death. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and MAPK activation were examined to elucidate the mechanism underlying cell death. The expression levels of PERK, CHOP and phosphorylated MAPK (p38, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2) were upregulated following isomahanine treatment. We found that p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly attenuated isomahanine-induced apoptosis and autophagic flux and this prevented cell death. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that isomahanine was able to induce ER stress and trigger p38 MAPK-mediated apoptosis and autophagic cell death in multidrug-resistant OSCC cells. The potential cytotoxic action of isomahanine may provide the development of anticancer candidates for treating multidrug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyarath Utaipan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Anan Athipornchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Group and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
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Dahiya J, Singh J, Kumar A, Sharma A. Isolation, characterization and quantification of an anxiolytic constituent - mahanimbine, from Murraya koenigii Linn. Spreng Leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:706-711. [PMID: 27737817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of M. koenigii Linn. Spreng (Rutaceae) have been used as traditional medicine for anxiety disorders. Aim of the study was to isolate antianxiety principle(s) from the leaves of M. koenigii using bioactivity guided approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract of M. koenigii leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus, and the same was evaluated for antianxiety activity at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg, po, using Elevated plus-maze (EPM). The extract was further partitioned successively with pet ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol. All the fractions were evaluated for antianxiety activity. The bioactive ethyl acetate fraction was column chromatographed to get 5 fractions (F1-F5). All the fractions were evaluated for antianxiety activity using EPM. A pure compound, separated out from F2, was characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, and its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using EPM. Antianxiety activity of isolated compound was further evaluated using Actophotometer and m-CPP induced anxiety model. TLC-densitometric method was developed to quantify mahanimbine in the plant. RESULTS The present study resulted in the isolation of mahanimbine, which exhibits potent antianxiety activity at 3mg/kg, and the activity was statistically comparable to that of diazepam (2mg/kg). The developed TLC-densitometric method is specific, linear, precise, accurate, repeatable and robust. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the ethnopharmacological use of M. koenigii leaves in the management of anxiety disorders. Mahanimbine is responsible for the antianxiety effect of M. koenigii leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dahiya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Anupam Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Hobani YH. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Koenimbine-Induced DNA Damage and Heat Shock Protein Modulation in HepG2 Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:563-571. [PMID: 27879375 PMCID: PMC5739142 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416678982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, is a significant herb of traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine. Koenimbine, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from this plant holds antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to assess koenimbine-induced DNA damage and to clarify the role of free radicals in cell death mechanisms, using HepG2 cells. Methods. The level of cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT assay. To elucidate the role of glutathione (GSH), the intracellular GSH level was analyzed. The effect of koenimbine in the cell mitochondria was evaluated using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes. Single cell gel electrophoresis assay was used to examine the level of DNA damage. Heat shock proteins, Hsp 70 and Hsp 90 expressions were checked at mRNA and protein level. Ascorbic acid and catalase were used as control antioxidants. Results. It was observed that koenimbine considerably increased DNA damage in HepG2 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Koenimbine induced the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of GSH level in HepG2 cells, together with time-dependent loss of MMP. In addition, results clearly showed that koenimbine encouraged cells to express Hsp 70 and Hsp 90 in a concentration-dependent manner up to a concentration of 100 µM and a time-dependent manner at 24-hour incubation both at transcriptional and translational levels. The antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid was found to be not as prominent as to catalase throughout the study. Conclusion. Based on these data it can be concluded that koenimbine causes DNA strand breaks in HepG2 cells, probably through oxidative stress. Moreover, the oxidative stress induced was closely associated with MMP reduction and GSH depletion associated with HSP modulation at subcytotoxic concentration.
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Utaipan T, Athipornchai A, Suksamrarn A, Jirachotikoon C, Yuan X, Lertcanawanichakul M, Chunglok W. Carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii trigger apoptosis and autophagic flux inhibition in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Nat Med 2016; 71:158-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chelliah R, Ramakrishnan SR, Premkumar D, Antony U. Bio-fortification and shelf-life extension of idli batter using curry leaves (Murraya koenigii). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2851-62. [PMID: 27478242 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among several traditional foods of India, idli is one of the most popular and commonly consumed steamed products. A new method of adding Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) to idli batter as a vehicle for fortification and extension of shelf-life has been developed. Dried curry leaves powder was incorporated with other ingredients like rice and dehusked black gram in different proportions to optimize the most palatable formulation. Rate of fermentation and microbial changes in the batter; nutritional qualities, texture and sensory properties of the prepared product were assessed. Incorporation of curry leaves powder (5 %) in idli batter increased the shelf-life and also increased the flavour, texture and appearance of the idli. The calcium content of the prepared idli was 10 times more than that of the control idli, while dietary fiber content increased by 18.6 %. Anti-microbial activity of the curry leaves in idli batter extended the shelf-life from 2 to 5 days when stored at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chelliah
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025 India
| | - S R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025 India
| | - D Premkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025 India
| | - U Antony
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600025 India
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Kumar M, Kaur V, Kumar S, Kaur S. Phytoconstituents as apoptosis inducing agents: strategy to combat cancer. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:531-63. [PMID: 26239338 PMCID: PMC4960184 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in the field of cancer molecular biology has aided researchers to develop various new chemopreventive agents which can target cancer cells exclusively. Cancer chemopreventive agents have proficiency to inhibit, reverse and delay process of carcinogenesis during its early and later course. Chemopreventive agents can act as antioxidative, antimutagenic/antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory agents or via aiming various molecular targets in a cell to induce cell death. Apoptosis is a kind of cell death which shows various cellular morphological alterations such as cell shrinkage, blebbing of membrane, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, formation of apoptotic bodies etc. Nowadays, apoptosis is being one of the new approaches for the identification and development of novel anticancer therapies. For centuries, plants are known to play part in daily routine from providing food to management of human health. In the last two decades, diverse phytochemicals and various botanical formulations have been characterized as agents that possess potential to execute cancer cells via inducing apoptosis. Data obtained from the research carried out globally pointed out that natural products are the potential candidates which have capability to combat cancer. In the present review, we surveyed literature on natural products which throws light on the mechanism through which these phytochemicals induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Patel OPS, Mishra A, Maurya R, Saini D, Pandey J, Taneja I, Raju KSR, Kanojiya S, Shukla SK, Srivastava MN, Wahajuddin M, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Yadav PP. Naturally Occurring Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii as Potential Antidiabetic Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1276-1284. [PMID: 27136692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study identified koenidine (4) as a metabolically stable antidiabetic compound, when evaluated in a rodent type 2 model (leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice), and showed a considerable reduction in the postprandial blood glucose profile with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Biological studies were directed from the preliminary in vitro evaluation of the effects of isolated carbazole alkaloids (1-6) on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes, followed by an investigation of their activity (2-5) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The effect of koenidine (4) on GLUT4 translocation was mediated by the AKT-dependent signaling pathway in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of compounds 2 and 4 clearly showed that compound 4 was 2.7 times more bioavailable than compound 2, resulting in a superior in vivo efficacy. Therefore, these studies suggested that koenidine (4) may serve as a promising lead natural scaffold for managing insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ranjani Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kanumuri S R Raju
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mahendra N Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem P Yadav
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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Lv HN, Wen R, Zhou Y, Zeng KW, Li J, Guo XY, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Nitrogen Oxide Inhibitory Trimeric and Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya tetramera. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2432-2439. [PMID: 26327273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new structurally unique trimeric carbazole alkaloids, murratrines A and B (1, 2), and 11 new carbazole dimers, murradines A-K (3-13), and four known analogues (14-17) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murraya tetramera. The structures and relative configurations of 1-13 were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. Murratrines A and B (1, 2) both contain an unprecedented carbazole trimeric skeleton, and murradines A and D (3, 6) are the first natural C-1-C-3'-methyl-linked and C-6-C-3'-methyl-linked dimeric carbazole alkaloids, respectively. Compounds 4, 10, 14, 15, and 17 exhibited inhibition of nitric oxide production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values in the range of 11.2-19.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Yeap SK, Abu N, Mohamad NE, Beh BK, Ho WY, Ebrahimi S, Yusof HM, Ky H, Tan SW, Alitheen NB. Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 26335427 PMCID: PMC4559205 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated. METHODS Herein, cytotoxic activity of MK was first tested on 4T1 cells in vitroby MTT assay. Then, in vivo chemopreventive study was conducted where mice were fed with extracts prior to and after inducing the tumor (inoculation). Tumor size was monitored post-4T1 inoculation. At the end of experiment, histopathology of tumor sections, T cell immunophenotyping, tumor nitric oxide level, serum cytokine level and qPCR analysis on expression of iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC were performed. RESULTS MK reduced the tumors' size and lung metastasis aside from inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, it decreased the level of nitric oxide and inflammation-related cytokines and genes, including iNOS, iCAM, NF-kB and c-MYC. CONCLUSION The results propose that, MK managed to inhibit the progression of tumor via immunostimulatory effect and inflammatory reaction within the tumor samples. This suggests that MKconsumption could be a savior in the search of new chemopreventive agents.
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Tan SP, Ali AM, Nafiah MA, Awang K, Ahmad K. Isolation and cytotoxic investigation of new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hou S, Liu Y, Kong Y, Brown ML. Total Synthesis of 7-Hydroxymurrayazolinine, Murrayamine D, and Mahanine via m-Nitro Group Activated Pyran Annulation. Org Lett 2015; 17:2298-301. [PMID: 25919697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The facile total synthesis of the natural product (±)-mahanine was obtained in eight steps with an overall 52% yield from readily accessible known nitrophenol derivative 6. After a one-step, acid-catalyzed annulation, two additional natural products were formed including 7-hydroxymurrayazolinine, representing its first reported total synthesis. In the whole process, the introduction of the m-nitro group significantly enhanced the key pyran annulation reaction through inductive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Yali Kong
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Milton L Brown
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, EP07, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Iman V, Karimian H, Mohan S, Hobani YH, Noordin MI, Mustafa MR, Noor SM. In vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic activity of girinimbine isolated from Murraya koenigii. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1281-92. [PMID: 25767375 PMCID: PMC4354401 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Girinimbine is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the stem bark and root of Murraya koenigii. Here we report that girinimbine is an inhibitor of angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. MTT results showed that girinimbine inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while results from endothelial cell invasion, migration, tube formation, and wound healing assays demonstrated significant time- and dose-dependent inhibition by girinimbine. A proteome profiler array done on girinimbine-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that girinimbine had mediated regulation of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic proteins. The anti-angiogenic potential of girinimbine was also evidenced in vivo in the zebrafish embryo model wherein girinimbine inhibited neo vessel formation in zebrafish embryos following 24 hours of exposure. Together, these results showed that girinimbine could effectively suppress angiogenesis, suggestive of its therapeutic potential as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venoos Iman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmadipour F, Noordin MI, Mohan S, Arya A, Paydar M, Looi CY, Keong YS, Siyamak EN, Fani S, Firoozi M, Yong CL, Sukari MA, Kamalidehghan B. Koenimbin, a natural dietary compound of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng: inhibition of MCF7 breast cancer cells and targeting of derived MCF7 breast cancer stem cells (CD44(+)/CD24(-/low)): an in vitro study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1193-208. [PMID: 25759564 PMCID: PMC4346015 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s72127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of breast cancer stem cells has been shown to be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention. The aims of this work were to evaluate the efficacy of koenimbin, isolated from Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng, in the inhibition of MCF7 breast cancer cells and to target MCF7 breast cancer stem cells through apoptosis in vitro. METHODS Koenimbin-induced cell viability was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release were observed using high-content screening. Cell cycle arrest was examined using flow cytometry, while human apoptosis proteome profiler assays were used to investigate the mechanism of apoptosis. Protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl2, and heat shock protein 70 were confirmed using Western blotting. Caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 levels were measured, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity was assessed using a high-content screening assay. Aldefluor™ and mammosphere formation assays were used to evaluate the effect of koenimbin on MCF7 breast cancer stem cells in vitro. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS Koenimbin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells was mediated by cell death-transducing signals regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential by downregulating Bcl2 and upregulating Bax, due to cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Koenimbin induced significant (P<0.05) sub-G0 phase arrest in breast cancer cells. Cytochrome c release triggered caspase-9 activation, which then activated caspase-7, leading to apoptotic changes. This form of apoptosis is closely associated with the intrinsic pathway and inhibition of NF-κB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Koenimbin significantly (P<0.05) decreased the aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell population in MCF7 cancer stem cells and significantly (P<0.01) decreased the size and number of MCF7 cancer stem cells in primary, secondary, and tertiary mammospheres in vitro. Koenimbin also significantly (P<0.05) downregulated the Wnt/β-catenin self-renewal pathway. CONCLUSION Koenimbin has potential for future chemoprevention studies, and may lead to the discovery of further cancer management strategies by reducing cancer resistance and recurrence and improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeap Swee Keong
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ebrahimi Nigjeh Siyamak
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Somayeh Fani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Firoozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chung Lip Yong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Joshi T, Mahar R, Singh SK, Srivastava P, Shukla SK, Mishra DK, Bhatta R, Kanojiya S. Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Carbazole Alkaloids in Murraya koenigii. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole alkaloids induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway and they are targeted as potential anticancer agents. Thus, the naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids become important as precursors for lead optimization in drug development. A method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection was developed using reverse phase isocratic elution with 85:15 acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (5 mM). Seven samples of Murrya koenigii (L.) Spreng. from north-central India ( Uttar Pradesh) were analyzed. All three targeted analytes, koenimbidine (mk1), koenimbine (mk2) and mahanimbine (mk3), were well separated within 4.0 min with linearity of the calibration curves (r2 > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantification of mk1, mk2 and mk3 were 0.7, 0.4, 0.04 μg/mL and 2.14, 1.21, 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The natural abundance of mk1, mk2 and mk3 was 0.06 - 0.20, 0.04 - 0.69 and 0.13 - 0.42%, w/w, respectively, in the dried powdered leaves, whereas, the tissue specific distribution of carbazole alkaloids was observed in the order of predominance, mk1 leaf>root>fruit>stem, mk2 fruit>leaf >stem>root, and mk3 fruit>leaf>root>stem. The developed method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, accuracy, precision and stability. This is the first report on the natural abundance of the major carbazole alkaloids in M. koenigii and the method developed can be used in HPLC/UPLC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trapti Joshi
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Piush Srivastava
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Dipak K. Mishra
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - R.S. Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
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Li G, Zhou X, Yang P, Jian Y, Deng T, Shen H, Bao Y. Synthesis of a novel methylene-bridged biscarbazole derivative and evaluation of its DNA and nucleotide binding properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Karimi E, Rahmat A. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and their pharmaceutical activity from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) using response surface methodology. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:318. [PMID: 25169626 PMCID: PMC4177047 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Extraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials. Methods Response surface methodology was applied to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to achieve high catechin, myricetin, and quercetin contents, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities in the curry leaf extracts. The antioxidant and anticancer activities of the leaf extracts were determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, respectively. The central composite experimental design (3-level, 3-factorial) was employed to consider the effects of ultrasonic power (80–150 W), temperature (40–80°C), and methanol dilution (40–80%) on the properties of the curry leaf extracts. Results It was found that ultrasonic power of 145.49 W at 55.9°C with 80% methanol was the most appropriate set of conditions for the extraction of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin from curry leaves with the consequent high antioxidant activity. Using the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yields of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin were 0.482, 0.517, and 0.394 mg/g DW, respectively, and the antioxidant activity was enhanced to 83%. The optimized extract showed more distinct anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells in a concentration of 67.2 μg/mL (P < 0.01) without toxicity to normal cells. Conclusions The results indicated that the pharmaceutical quality of curry leaves could be improved significantly by optimizing the extraction process using response surface methodology.
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Julich-Gruner KK, Kataeva O, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ. Total Synthesis of 7- and 8-Oxygenated Pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole and Pyrano[2,3-a]carbazole Alkaloids via Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Annulation of the Pyran Ring. Chemistry 2014; 20:8536-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds, Pharmaceutical Quality, and Anticancer Activity of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii L.). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:873803. [PMID: 24693327 PMCID: PMC3947808 DOI: 10.1155/2014/873803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated some bioactive compounds and pharmaceutical qualities of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) extracts from three different locations in Malaysia. The highest TF and total phenolic (TP) contents were observed in the extracts from Kelantan (3.771 and 14.371 mg/g DW), followed by Selangor (3.146 and 12.272 mg/g DW) and Johor (2.801 and 12.02 mg/g DW), respectively. High quercetin (0.350 mg/g DW), catechin (0.325 mg/g DW), epicatechin (0.678 mg/g DW), naringin (0.203 mg/g DW), and myricetin (0.703 mg/g DW) levels were observed in the extracts from Kelantan, while the highest rutin content (0.082 mg/g DW) was detected in the leaves from Selangor. The curry leaf extract from Kelantan exhibited higher concentration of gallic acid (0.933 mg/g DW) than that from Selangor (0.904 mg/g DW) and Johor (0.813 mg/g DW). Among the studied samples, the ones from Kelantan exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (DPPH, 66.41%) and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP, 644.25 μm of Fe(II)/g) followed by those from Selangor (60.237% and 598.37 μm of Fe(II)/g) and Johor (50.76% and 563.42 μm of Fe(II)/g), respectively. A preliminary screening showed that the curry leaf extracts from all the locations exhibited significant anticarcinogenic effects inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and maximum inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell was observed with the curry leaf extract from Kelantan. Based on these results, it is concluded that Malaysian curry leaf collected from the North (Kelantan) might be potential source of potent natural antioxidant and beneficial chemopreventive agents.
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Uvarani C, Jaivel N, Sankaran M, Chandraprakash K, Ata A, Mohan PS. Axially chiral biscarbazoles and biological evaluation of the constituents from Murraya koenigii. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:10-20. [PMID: 24444889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the fruit pulp of Murraya koenigii resulted in the identification of two new dimeric carbazole alkaloids, bisgerayafoline D (1) and bismahanimbinol (2) along with four known alkaloids, bispyrayafoline (3), O-methyl mahanine (4), O-methyl mukonal (5), and mahanine (6). Structures of 1-6 were determined with the aid of UV, IR, Mass and extensive NMR spectroscopic studies. Absolute configurations of biaryls in 1 and 2 were assigned using a combination of computational Circular Dichroism (CD) and experimental electronic CD spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for anti-oxidant, anti-α-glucosidase, DNA binding, protein interactions and cytotoxic activities. Among all the isolates, mahanine (6) was found to exhibit significant radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compound 6 was also found to be active in cytotoxicity assay against three human cancer cell lines HeLa, HCT116, AGS and this compound was weakly active against normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokkalingam Uvarani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Nanjundan Jaivel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Sankaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarasamy Chandraprakash
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Palathurai Subramaniam Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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