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Elouej S, Rejeb I, Attaoua R, Nagara M, Sallem OK, Kamoun I, Chargui M, Jamoussi H, Turki Z, Abid A, Ben Slama C, Bahri S, Ben Romdhane H, Abdelhak S, Kefi R, Grigorescu F. Gender-specific associations of genetic variants with metabolic syndrome components in the Tunisian population. Endocr Res 2016; 41:300-309. [PMID: 26905813 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2016.1141945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic variants associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, their contribution to MetS in ethnic groups in Tunisia is largely unexplored. In this study, we aim to examine the associations of related loci with a risk of metabolic syndrome in a sample of Tunisians. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall seven polymorphisms rs7265718, rs10401969, rs762861, rs12310367, rs1562398, rs2059807, rs4420638 located at C20orf152, CILP2, LRPAP1, ZNF664, KLF14, INSR, APOE, respectively, were analyzed in 356 samples from the Tunisian population. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTS We find that LRPAP1-rs762861 C allele increases susceptibility to MetS (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.99-1.95, p = 0.041). Separate analysis in men and women revealed the association of rs762861 among females (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.057-2.41, p = 0.021), but not among males (OR = 0.953, 95% CI = 0.51-1.78, p = 0.882). ZNF664-rs12310367 was also found to be associated with body mass index (BMI) in women (p = 0.01) and not in men (p = 0.18). KLF14-rs1562398 was significantly correlated with impaired fasting glucose (p = 0.004) only in men. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal new candidate genes for MetS in the Tunisian population and suggest that the genetic basis of this syndrome is gender dependent. Further studies are necessary to understand why these associations differ between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elouej
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Insaf Rejeb
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Redha Attaoua
- c IURC, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Nutrition & Genomes , UMR-204 , NUTRIPASS , Montpellier , France
| | - Majdi Nagara
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Om Kalthoum Sallem
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- d Department of External Consultation , National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Ines Kamoun
- e Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases , National Institute of Nutrition , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chargui
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- d Department of External Consultation , National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Zinet Turki
- e Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases , National Institute of Nutrition , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Abid
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- d Department of External Consultation , National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Claude Ben Slama
- e Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases , National Institute of Nutrition , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sonia Bahri
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
- f Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Habiba Ben Romdhane
- g Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory , Faculty of Medicine , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
- b University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Florin Grigorescu
- c IURC, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Nutrition & Genomes , UMR-204 , NUTRIPASS , Montpellier , France
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Bird JL, Oinonen KA. Elevated eating disorder symptoms in women with a history of oral contraceptive side effects. Arch Womens Ment Health 2011; 14:345-53. [PMID: 21725835 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-011-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests a link between gonadal hormones and eating disorder symptomatology. This study examined the role of gonadal hormones and hormonal sensitivity in eating disorder (ED) symptoms by using oral contraceptive (OC) side effect history as an indicator of hormonal sensitivity. A questionnaire containing two scales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and an OC side effect scale was completed by 174 healthy women who had used OCs. Histories of emotional and physical OC side effects were evaluated as predictors of body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Women with a history of negative OC side effects had higher levels of ED symptoms. After controlling for body mass index (BMI) and depression scores, OC side effect history remained a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. The experience of OC side effects may indicate a greater risk for increased eating disorder symptoms. The findings provide further support for a hormonal link to ED symptoms, as women who are more "sensitive" to exogenous gonadal hormones also experience more ED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bird
- Health, Hormones, and Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Yu Z, Geary N, Corwin RL. Individual effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake and body weight in ovariectomized binge rats. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:687-93. [PMID: 21801735 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The individual roles of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in the control of food intake and body weight in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated. Six groups of OVX Sprague-Dawley rats (n=9/group) were assigned to one of three 4-day cyclic hormone treatments: two groups were treated with E benzoate; two groups were treated with P; two groups were treated with both (EP). All rats had continuous access to chow and water throughout this 4-week study. One group of rats within each hormone treatment condition was fed chow ad libitum, and the second was subjected to a binge schedule: chow ad libitum plus 1-h access to an optional fat source on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. A seventh OVX group (n=8) received the oil vehicle and chow. This group was included to monitor body weight and to verify hormone efficacy. The main findings were: (1) relative to rats receiving only P, E alone or EP attenuated 24-h chow intake tonically and cyclically, i.e. intake on Day 4, which models estrus, was lower in E and EP than in P, and also was lower than intake on Day 2, which models diestrus. In contrast, (2) neither E nor EP detectably affected optional fat intake during the 1-h fat access period relative to rats receiving only P when data were collapsed across the entire study. However, (3) E and EP had large effects on fat intake relative to P during the 1-h fat access period at the start of the study, but not at the end, when bingeing was fully established. (4) E and EP led to lower and apparently normal levels of body weight compared to rats receiving only the oil vehicle or only P. These results indicate that (1) administration of E alone has similar effects as co-administration of E and P on feeding and body weight in rats bingeing on fat, (2) with or without P, the inhibitory effects of E on meal size are compromised when bingeing on fat, and (3) the effects of E on binge size change dynamically as bingeing develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate model for studying dietary obesity. The present paper describes the history of using high-fat diets to induce obesity in animals, aims to clarify the consequences of changing the amount and type of dietary fats on weight gain, body composition and adipose tissue cellularity, and explores the contribution of genetics and sex, as well as the biochemical basis and the roles of hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin in animal models of dietary obesity. The major factors that contribute to dietary obesity - hyperphagia, energy density and post-ingestive effects of the dietary fat - are discussed. Other factors that affect dietary obesity including feeding rhythmicity, social factors and stress are highlighted. Finally, we comment on the reversibility of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Fuemmeler BF, Agurs-Collins TD, McClernon FJ, Kollins SH, Kail ME, Bergen AW, Ashley-Koch AE. Genes implicated in serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning predict BMI categories. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:348-55. [PMID: 18239643 PMCID: PMC2919156 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study addressed the hypothesis that variation in genes associated with dopamine function (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD4), serotonin function (SLC6A4, and regulation of monoamine levels (MAOA) may be predictive of BMI categories (obese and overweight + obese) in young adulthood and of changes in BMI as adolescents transition into young adulthood. Interactions with gender and race/ethnicity were also examined. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants were a subsample of individuals from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed from 1995 to 2002. The sample analyzed included a subset of 1,584 unrelated individuals with genotype data. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations between genotypes and obesity (BMI > 29.9) or overweight + obese combined (BMI > or = 25) with normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9) as a referent. Linear regression models were used to examine change in BMI from adolescence to young adulthood. RESULTS Significant associations were found between SLC6A4 5HTTLPR and categories of BMI, and between MAOA promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) among men and categories of BMI. Stratified analyses revealed that the association between these two genes and excess BMI was significant for men overall and for white and Hispanic men specifically. Linear regression models indicated a significant effect of SLC6A4 5HTTLPR on change in BMI from adolescence to young adulthood. DISCUSSION Our findings lend further support to the involvement of genes implicated in dopamine and serotonin regulation on energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Leibowitz SF, Akabayashi A, Wang J, Alexander JT, Dourmashkin JT, Chang GQ. Increased caloric intake on a fat-rich diet: role of ovarian steroids and galanin in the medial preoptic and paraventricular nuclei and anterior pituitary of female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:753-66. [PMID: 17850457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in male rats have demonstrated that the orexigenic peptide galanin (GAL), in neurones of the anterior parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus (aPVN) projecting to the median eminence (ME), is stimulated by consumption of a high-fat diet and may have a role in the hyperphagia induced by fat. In addition to confirming this relationship in female rats and distinguishing the aPVN-ME from other hypothalamic areas, the present study identified two additional extra-hypothalamic sites where GAL is stimulated by dietary fat in females but not males. These sites were the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), located immediately rostral to the aPVN, and the anterior pituitary (AP). The involvement of ovarian steroids, oestradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (PROG), in this phenomenon was suggested by an observed increase in circulating levels of these hormones and GAL in MPN and AP with fat consumption and an attenuation of this effect on GAL in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Furthermore, in the same four areas affected by dietary fat, levels of GAL mRNA and peptide immunoreactivity were stimulated by E(2) and further by PROG replacement in E(2)-primed OVX rats and were higher in females compared to males. Because both GAL and PROG stimulate feeding, their increase on a fat-rich diet may have functional consequences in females, possibly contributing to the increased caloric intake induced by dietary fat. This is supported by the findings that PROG administration in E(2)-primed OVX rats reverses the inhibitory effect of E(2) on total caloric intake while increasing voluntary fat ingestion, and that female rats with higher GAL exhibit increased preference for fat compared to males. Thus, ovarian steroids may function together with GAL in a neurocircuit, involving the MPN, aPVN, ME and AP, which coordinate feeding behaviour with reproductive function to promote consumption of a fat-rich diet at times of increased energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Leibowitz
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Fattore L, Spano MS, Altea S, Angius F, Fadda P, Fratta W. Cannabinoid self-administration in rats: sex differences and the influence of ovarian function. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:795-804. [PMID: 17891164 PMCID: PMC2190022 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We recently demonstrated the existence of strain differences in self-administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) by Long Evans (LE) and Lister Hooded (LH) but not Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats. This follow-up study is aimed at verifying whether sex and ovarian hormones might also be critical factors in the initiation, retention and extinction of WIN self-administration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LE, LH and SD male and female rats, the latter either intact or bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), were trained to self-administer WIN (12.5 microg kg(-1) per infusion) under a FR1 reinforcement schedule, using lever-pressing. KEY RESULTS Data showed that contrary to the findings in SD rats, LE and LH rats developed robust cannabinoid intake, with rates of responding for WIN being constantly higher in intact females than in males (+45 and +42% for LE and LH strains, respectively). In comparison with intact females, OVX females of both strains acquired self-administration at lower rates, displaying slower acquisition, lower drug intake (-42 and -52% for LE and LH, respectively) and longer extinction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide the first evidence of significant sex differences in cannabinoid self-administration, females acquiring stable WIN intake at higher rates and more rapidly than males. Moreover, when compared to intact females, a lower percentage of LE and LH OVX rats acquired and maintained stable drug intake, suggesting that ovarian hormones might represent a critical factor in modulating the reinforcing effect of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, c/o Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy.
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Peeters A, Beckers S, Mertens I, Van Hul W, Van Gaal L. The G1422A variant of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) is associated with abdominal adiposity in obese men. Endocrine 2007; 31:138-41. [PMID: 17873324 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since recent data suggest that the endocannabinoid system controls food intake through central, and lipogenesis via peripheral CB1 receptors, we hypothesized that genetic variation at the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) locus could have an effect on adiposity. We investigated, whether a specific CNR1 G1422A genotype is associated with anthropometric markers of obesity and fat distribution in adult obese individuals. A total of 1,064 obese subjects (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) without diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or other endocrine diseases and 251 healthy control persons were genotyped for the G1422A variant (rs1049353) with a TaqMan assay. Anthropometric measures as body weight, BMI, waist and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed by classical methods. Fat mass (FM) was measured by bio-impedance. The prevalence of the G1422A variant was not significantly different between cases and controls (OR = 1.056; P = 0.626). In obese women, no meaningful associations between CNR1 genotype and anthropometric parameters were found. In obese men, CNR1 1422 A/A genotype was significantly associated with higher WHR (P = 0.009) and waist circumference (P = 0.008) after adjusting for age and BMI. Fat mass percentage showed an association (P = 0.011) which disappeared after adjusting for age and BMI. A trend for an association was seen for fat mass (unadjusted P = 0.099; adjusted P = 0.033). Our data indicate that the G1422A polymorphism in the CNR1 gene is associated with increased abdominal adiposity in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Peeters
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
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