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Zhang K, Cao J, Zhao Z. Fat accumulation in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) reflects the temperature of prior cold acclimation. Front Zool 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38350982 PMCID: PMC10865701 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-024-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper adjustments of metabolic thermogenesis play an important role in thermoregulation in endotherm to cope with cold and/or warm ambient temperatures, however its roles in energy balance and fat accumulation remain uncertain. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of previous cold exposure (10 and 0 °C) on the energy budgets and fat accumulation in the striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) in response to warm acclimation. The body mass, energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), serum thyroid hormone levels (THs: T3 and T4), and the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicated by cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) expression, were measured following exposure to the cold (10 °C and 0 °C) and transition to the warm temperature (30 °C). RESULTS The hamsters at 10 °C and 0 °C showed significant increases in energy intake, RMR and NST, and a considerable reduction in body fat than their counterparts kept at 21 °C. After being transferred from cold to warm temperature, the hamsters consumed less food, and decreased RMR and NST, but they significantly increased body fat content. Interestingly, the hamsters that were previously exposed to the colder temperature showed significantly more fat accumulation after transition to the warm. Serum T3 levels, BAT COX activity and ucp1 mRNA expression were significantly increased following cold exposure, and were considerably decreased after transition to the warm. Furthermore, body fat content was negatively correlated with serum T3 levels, BAT COX activity and UCP1 expression. CONCLUSION The data suggest that the positive energy balance resulting from the decreased RMR and NST in BAT under the transition from the cold to the warm plays important roles in inducing fat accumulation. The extent of fat accumulation in the warm appears to reflect the temperature of the previous cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Yang DB, Gao L, Liu XY, Xu YC, Hambly C, Wang DH, Speakman JR. Disentangling the effects of obesity and high-fat diet on glucose homeostasis using a photoperiod induced obesity model implicates ectopic fat deposition as a key factor. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101724. [PMID: 37061130 PMCID: PMC10185741 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in laboratory rodents is generally induced by feeding them a high fat diet (HFD). This model does not permit separation of the impact of the HFD from the resultant obesity on metabolic defects such as impaired glucose homeostasis. In Brandt's voles we have previously shown that exposure to long photoperiod (LD: 16L: 8D) induces obesity even when they are fed a low fat diet. We show here that these voles are largely resistant to HFD. This model therefore permits some separation of the effects of HFD and obesity on glucose homeostasis. The objective was therefore to use this model to assess if glucose homeostasis is more related to diet or obesity METHODS: Male voles, which were 35 days old and born in LD, were exposed to SD and a low fat diet for 70 days. We then randomly separated the animals into 4 groups for another 63 days: SL (short day and low fat diet: n = 19) group; SH (short day and high-fat diet, n = 20) group; LL (long day and low-fat diet, n = 20) group; LH (long day and high-fat diet, n = 18) group. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed after treatment for 56 days, and body compositions of the voles were quantified at the end by dissection. RESULTS Consistent with our previous work LD voles were more obese than SD voles. Although total body weight was independent of dietary fat content, HFD did have an effect on fat storage. Photoperiod induced obesity had no effect on glucose homeostasis, and the fat content in both the liver and muscle. In contrast, HFD induced adiposity was linked with elevated fat deposition in muscle (but not in liver) and led to impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The contrasting effects of diet and photoperiod were consistent with the predictions of the 'lipotoxicity hypothesis'. This may contribute to our understanding of why some human individuals are able to be obese yet remain metabolically healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xin Yu Liu
- College of life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - C Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - De Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; College of life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Liao S, Tan S, Jiang M, Wen J, Liu J, Cao J, Li M, Zhao Z. Temperature determines the shift of thermal neutral zone and influences thermogenic capacity in striped hamsters. Integr Zool 2023; 18:353-371. [PMID: 36056589 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermoneutral zone (TNZ) reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat. However, it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature. To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons, we measured metabolic rate, body temperature, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) either acclimated to semi-natural conditions over a year, or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30 ± 1°C to -15 ± 1°C. The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally, with a wider TNZ and a lower lower-critical temperature in winter compared to summer. The hamsters showed a considerable leftward shift of lower-critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to -15°C, whereas the upper-critical temperature of TNZ remained fixed at 32.5°C. The resting metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone (RMRt), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and COX activity of brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidneys, increased significantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures. Following acute exposure to 5°C and -15°C, hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had significantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri-iodothyronine (T3 ) levels compared to those kept at 23°C. These findings suggest that acclimation to the upper-critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters' thermogenic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature. Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters, which reflects the adaptation to cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song Tan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Meizhi Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Lv J, Tang L, Zhang X, Wang D. Thermo-TRP channels are involved in BAT thermoregulation in cold-acclimated Brandt's voles. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110794. [PMID: 35964792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which can sense temperature, pressure and mechanical stimuli, were involved in many physiological and biochemical reactions. Whether thermosensitive TRP channels (Thermo-TRPs) are involved in thermoregulation in small mammals is still not clear. We measured the changes of thermo-TRPs at 4 °C, 23 °C and 30 °C in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to test the hypothesis that Thermo-TRPs are involved in cold-induced thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in small mammals. Results showed that air temperatures had no effect on body mass and rectal temperature, but the food intake and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the 4 °C group were significantly higher than in the 30 °C group. Compared with 30 °C group, the protein contents of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), TRP melastatin 2 (TRPM2), silent Information Regulator T1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in BAT increased significantly in 4 °C group, but there was no significant difference in the protein content of Thermo-TRPs in the hypothalamus among groups. Further, the expression of PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16) in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) at 4 °C was significantly higher than that at 30 °C, but no difference was observed in the expression of other browning-related genes or TRPV2. In conclusion, TRP channels may participate in BAT thermoregulation through the CaMKII, AMPK, SIRT1 and UCP1 pathway in cold-acclimated Brandt's voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Liqiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhao Z, Yang R, Li M, Bao M, Huo D, Cao J, Speakman JR. Effects of ambient temperatures between 5 and 35 oC on energy balance, body mass and body composition in mice. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101551. [PMID: 35870706 PMCID: PMC9382332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable attention is currently focused on the potential to switch on brown adipose tissue (BAT), or promote browning of white adipose tissue, to elevate energy expenditure and thereby reduce obesity levels. These processes are already known to be switched on by cold exposure. Yet humans living in colder regions do not show lower levels of obesity. This could be because humans shield themselves from external temperatures, or because the resultant changes in BAT and thermogenesis are offset by elevated food intake, or reductions in other components of expenditure. Scope of Review We exposed mice to 11 different ambient temperatures between 5 and 35 °C and characterized their energy balance and body weight/composition. As it got colder mice progressively increased their energy expenditure coincident with changes in thyroid hormone levels and increased BAT activity. Simultaneously, these increases in expenditure were matched by elevated food intake, and body mass remained stable. Nevertheless, within this envelope of unchanged body mass there were significant changes in body composition – with increases in the sizes of the liver and small intestine, presumably to support the greater food intake, and reductions in the level of stored fat – maximally providing about 10% of the total elevated energy demands. Major Conclusions Elevating activity of BAT may be a valid strategy to reduce fat storage even if overall body mass is unchanged but if it is mostly offset by elevated food intake, as found here, then the impacts may be small. Male and female mice were exposed to 11 different ambient temperatures between 5 and 35 °C. As it got colder mice increased both energy expenditure and food intake. Increased energy expenditure was coincident with increased THs and BAT activity. Stored fat was considerably reduced in colder conditions, providing about 10% of the elevated energy requirements. Elevating activity of BAT may be a valid strategy to reduce fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Min Li
- Shenzhen key laboratory of metabolic health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Menghuan Bao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Daliang Huo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen key laboratory of metabolic health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100100, China.
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Huo DL, Bao MH, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. Cold exposure prevents fat accumulation in striped hamsters refed a high-fat diet following food restriction. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 37170304 PMCID: PMC10127302 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In mammals, body mass lost during food restriction is often rapidly regained, and fat is accumulated when ad libitum feeding is resumed. Studies in small cold-acclimated mammals have demonstrated significant mobilization of fat deposits during cold exposure to meet the energy requirements of metabolic thermogenesis. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined the effect of cold exposure on fat accumulation during body mass recovery when refed ad libitum. In this study, striped hamsters restricted to 80% of their regular food intake were then refed ad libitum and exposed to one of three conditions: Intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 2 h per day (ICE-2 h/d), intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 12 h per day (ICE-12 h/d), or persistent cold exposure (PCE) for four weeks. We measured energy intake, fat deposit mass, serum thyroid hormone levels, and uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipose tissue.
Results
There was no significant effect of intermittent or persistent cold exposure on body mass regain, whereas energy intake increased significantly and total fat deposit decreased in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups compared to the ICE-2 h/d group and control group maintained at 23 °C (CON). In the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups, hamsters had 39.6 and 38.3% higher serum 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine levels, respectively, and 81.6 and 71.3% up-regulated expression of uncoupling protein 1, respectively, in brown adipose tissue compared to their counterparts in the CON group. The rate of mitochondrial state III and state IV respiration O2 consumption and the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in BAT and liver were significantly higher in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups than in the ICE-2 h/d and CON groups.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest thyroid hormone-mediated heat production in brown adipose tissue and liver may be involved in preventing fat accumulation during refeeding in animals frequently or persistently exposed to cold conditions.
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Yang YZ, Han CY, Jia T, Wang ZK, Zhu WL, Zhang H. Variations of body mass and thermogenesis properties in Eothenomys olitor during cold acclimatization. ANIM BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The set-point hypothesis states that there is a biological control method in mammals that actively regulates weight toward a predetermined set weight for each individual, which may occur by regulation of energy intake or energy expenditure. In order to investigate the effects of low temperature on body mass regulation in Eothenomys olitor, body mass, body fat mass, food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), serum leptin levels, morphology, biochemical indexes of liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) and hypothalamic neuropeptide genes expression were measured during cold acclimatization. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body mass, but food intake, RMR and NST increased during cold acclimatization. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and α-glycerophosphate oxidase (α-GPO) activities in liver and BAT were significantly enhanced during cold acclimatization, and triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels in serum were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum leptin levels decreased after cold acclimatization. Low temperature significantly increased the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), while it decreased cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expressions. All of the above results suggested that body mass in E. olitor can remain relatively stable at low temperature, which conforms to the ‘set-point hypothesis’. However, the species showed differences with sympatric species, such as E. miletus, Apodemus chevrieri and Tupaia belangeri. Moreover, E. olitor can cope with low temperature by increasing its metabolic rate and thermogenesis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-zuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chun-yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Zheng-kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wan-long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Bao MH, Xu XM, Huo DL, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. The effect of aggression II: Acclimation to a high ambient temperature reduces territorial aggression in male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Horm Behav 2021; 132:104993. [PMID: 33991799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have a profound influence on development, cellular differentiation and metabolism, and are also suspected of playing a role in aggression. We measured territorial aggression, body temperature (Tb) and serum thyroid hormones levels of male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) acclimated to either cold (5 °C), cool (21 °C) or hot (34 °C) ambient temperatures. The effects of methimazole on territorial aggression, food intake, metabolic rate and serum thyroid hormone levels, were also examined. Territorial aggression was significantly lower in male hamsters acclimated to the hot temperature compared to those acclimated to the cool or cold temperatures. Tb significantly increased during aggressive territorial interactions with intruders but did not significantly differ among the three temperature treatments. Serum T3, T4 and cortisol levels of hamsters acclimated to 34 °C were significantly lower than those acclimated to 21 °C. In addition to significantly reducing territorial aggression, treatment with methimazole also significantly reduced serum T3 and T4 levels, Tb and metabolic rate. These results suggest that exposure to high temperatures reduces the capacity of hamsters to dissipate heat causing them to lower their metabolic rate, which, in turn, causes them to reduce territorial aggression to prevent hyperthermia. The lower metabolic rate mediated by down-regulated thyroid hormones inhibits territorial aggression and could thereby determine the outcome of territorial conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huan Bao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da-Liang Huo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Issad SM, Benhafri N, El Allali K, Farsi H, Ouali-Hassenaoui S, Dekar-Madoui A. Effects of prolonged night-time light exposure and traffic noise on the behavior and body temperature rhythmicity of the wild desert rodent, Gerbillus tarabuli. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:415-425. [PMID: 33435744 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1862858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate for the first time in Tarabul's gerbils (Gerbillus tarabuli), the effects of simultaneous exposure to two major environmental stressors - light and noise pollutions - on the body temperature rhythm and anxious behavior. Seven groups, each consisting of 6 adult male gerbils, were subjected to a standard LD cycle (12 L:12D) with lights on at 08:00 h and off at 20:00 h, constant conditions (total darkness, DD), prolonged nighttime exposure to light (PEL: 18 L:6D) with lights on at 08:00 h and off at 02:00 h, mimicking prolonged exposure to light pollution in peri-urban areas, exposure to auditory stress (TNS) of 80 dB, and conditions combining PEL&TNS. The body temperature circadian rhythm was recorded, and behavioral tests were performed at the end of experimental phases. The results revealed the existence, for the first time in Gerbilus tarabuli, of an endogenous circadian rhythm of body temperature with a period of 23.8 ± 0.04 h. Prolonged exposure to light at night (PEL) induced a significant phase delay (02 h 09 min ± 0.16 h) of the rhythm, with an acrophase (peak time) occurring at 04:42 ± 0.13 h instead of 02:33 ± 0.21 h. Exposure to TNS for 4 hours per night induced a significant increase of the amplitude of the rhythm and a decrease of the rhythm regularity (robustness of 73.26% in TNS vs. 82.32 in control condition). While combining TNS and PEL significantly delayed the phase of the Tb rhythm by 3 h 10 min (acrophase at 06:39 ± 0.37 h instead of 02:33 ± 0.21 h), increased the amplitude, and significantly reduced the stability of the rhythm (robustness of 67.25% in PEL&TNS vs. 82.32 in control condition). PEL&TNS and TNS environments induce an important stress in gerbils highlighted by a significant decrease of the number of line crossings and time spent in the center area of the open field test. Furthermore, elevated plus maze test revealed gerbils of the PEL&TNS and TNS conditions significantly visited the lowest number of open arms and spent a shorter amount of time in it. In addition, these conditions were responsible for less activity (total number of entries in arms) than in the control and PEL conditions. These results indicate clearly that in the desert area, peri-urban light and noise pollutions disturb the circadian rhythm components and alter the behavior of Tarabul's gerbils inducing an anxious state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Mamoun Issad
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Laboratory of Organism's Biology and Physiology, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadir Benhafri
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Laboratory of Organism's Biology and Physiology, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Veterinary Medicine School, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Farsi
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Veterinary Medicine School, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saliha Ouali-Hassenaoui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Laboratory of Organism's Biology and Physiology, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aicha Dekar-Madoui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Laboratory of Organism's Biology and Physiology, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
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10
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Wu SH, Li HB, Li GL, Qi YJ, Zhang J, Wang BY. Panax ginseng root, not leaf, can enhance thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial function in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:374-384. [PMID: 32366153 PMCID: PMC7241452 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1756348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) root and leaf have always been considered in the traditional theory as hot and cold properties, respectively.Objective: To clarify the hot and cold properties of ginseng root and leaf from a thermodynamic viewpoint.Materials and methods: Thirty ICR male mice were randomly assigned to control (water), ginseng root group (GRP) and ginseng leaf group (GLP) with a concentration of 0.075 g/mL; the volume was 0.1 mL/10 g (body mass) per day by intragastric administration for 20 days. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine quality control through seven ginsenosides contained in ginseng root and leaf. Rest metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure were monitored every 9 days by TSE System. At the 20th day, serum T3 or T4, liver or brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondrial respiration were investigated.Results: The quality control of GRP and GLP were within requirements of 2015 China Pharmacopoeia. The RMR (mLO2/h) in GLP (47.95 ± 4.20) was significantly lower than control (52.10 ± 4.79) and GRP (55.35 ± 4.48). Mitochondrial protein concentration and respiration were significantly increased in GRP (BAT, 79.12 ± 2 .08 mg/g, 239.89 ± 10.24 nmol O2/min/g tissue; Liver, 201.02 ± 10.89, 202.44 ± 3.24) and decreased in GLP (BAT, 53.42 ± 3.48, 153.49 ± 5.58; Liver, 138.69 ± 5.69, 104.50 ± 6.25) compared with control.Conclusions: The hot and cold properties of ginseng root and leaf are correlated with thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial function of BAT and liver, which deserve to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-hui Wu
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Han-bing Li
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Gen-Lin Li
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Yue-juan Qi
- He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
| | - Bai-yan Wang
- Basic Medical College, He-Nan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng-Zhou, China
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11
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Bo TB, Zhang XY, Wen J, Deng K, Qin XW, Wang DH. The microbiota-gut-brain interaction in regulating host metabolic adaptation to cold in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:3037-3053. [PMID: 31455805 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play a critical role in orchestrating metabolic homeostasis of the host. However, the crosstalk between host and microbial symbionts in small mammals are rarely illustrated. We used male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) to test the hypothesis that gut microbiota and host neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine (NE), interact to regulate energetics and thermogenesis during cold acclimation. We found that increases in food intake and thermogenesis were associated with increased monoamine neurotransmitters, ghrelin, short-chain fatty acids, and altered cecal microbiota during cold acclimation. Further, our pair-fed study showed that cold temperature can alter the cecal microbiota independently of overfeeding. Using cecal microbiota transplant along with β3-adrenoceptor antagonism and PKA inhibition, we confirmed that transplant of cold-acclimated microbiota increased thermogenesis through activation of cAMP-PKA-pCREB signaling. In addition, NE manipulation induced a long-term alteration in gut microbiota structure. These data demonstrate that gut microbiota-NE crosstalk via cAMP signaling regulates energetics and thermogenesis during cold acclimation in male Brandt's voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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12
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de Souza CAP, Gallo CC, de Camargo LS, de Carvalho PVV, Olesçuck IF, Macedo F, da Cunha FM, Cipolla-Neto J, do Amaral FG. Melatonin multiple effects on brown adipose tissue molecular machinery. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12549. [PMID: 30597601 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) influences energy balance through nonshivering thermogenesis, and its metabolism daily and seasonal variations are regulated by melatonin through partially known mechanisms. We evaluated the role of melatonin in BAT molecular machinery of male Control, pinealectomized (PINX), and melatonin-treated pinealectomized (PINX/Mel) adult rats. BAT was collected either every 3 hours over 24 hours or after cold or high-fat diet (HFD) acute exposure. HFD PINX animals presented decreased Dio2 expression, while HFD PINX/Mel animals showed increased Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Cold-exposed PINX rats showed decreased Dio2 and Lhs expression, and melatonin treatment augmented Adrβ3, Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Daily profiles analyses showed altered Dio2, Lhs, Ucp1, Pgc1α, and Cidea gene and UCP1 protein expression in PINX animals, leading to altered rhythmicity under sub-thermoneutral conditions, which was partially restored by melatonin treatment. The same was observed for mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV protein expression and enzyme activity. Melatonin absence seems to impair BAT responses to metabolic challenges, and melatonin replacement reverses this effect, with additional increase in the expression of crucial genes, suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in several key points of the thermogenic activation pathway, influencing both the rhythmic profile of the tissue and its ability to respond to metabolic challenges, which is crucial for the organism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A P de Souza
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Congentino Gallo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Fernandes Olesçuck
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Macedo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Guo YY, Chi QS, Zhang XY, Liu W, Hao SY, Wang DH. Brown adipose tissue plays thermoregulatory role within the thermoneutral zone in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Therm Biol 2019; 81:137-145. [PMID: 30975411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermoregulation and many metabolic processes in small mammals, especially in cold adaptation. However, in warm adaptation, ambient temperature cannot directly activate BAT by sympathetic nervous system. Mongolian gerbils exhibit a wider thermoneutral zone (26.5-38.9 °C). We hypothesized that BAT atrophied near the lower critical temperature and further atrophied near the upper critical temperature. Male gerbils were acclimated to 23 °C, 27 °C or 37 °C, respectively, for 3 weeks. Results showed that regulatory non-shivering thermogenesis did not change in gerbils acclimated to 27 °C compared with 23 °C group, whereas it was reduced by 43.5% in gerbils acclimated to 37 °C. Bigger lipid droplet in BAT was observed in gerbils acclimated to 27 °C and 37 °C compared with 23 °C group, while the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and tyrosine hydroxylase was only reduced in gerbils acclimated to 37 °C. Further, thermoneutral acclimation did not change BAT thermogenesis by down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, PR domain containing 16, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ gene expression in BAT. In addition, body temperature was reduced in gerbils acclimated to 37 °C compared with 23 °C group, which was associated with a decreased resting metabolic rate and regulatory non-shivering thermogenesis. In conclusion, BAT does not atrophy near the lower critical temperature, whereas it atrophies near the upper critical temperature, suggesting that BAT may play thermoregulatory role within the TNZ in Mongolian gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Guo
- State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Khakisahneh S, Zhang XY, Nouri Z, Hao SY, Chi QS, Wang DH. Thyroid hormones mediate metabolic rate and oxidative, anti-oxidative balance at different temperatures in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:101-109. [PMID: 30476595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is a potential physiological cost of thermoregulation during seasonal adjustments to air temperature (Ta) in small mammals. Here, we hypothesized that Ta affects serum thyroid hormone levels and these hormones can mediate the changes in metabolic rate and oxidative damage. Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were acclimated at different Tas (5 °C, 23 °C and 37 °C) for 3 weeks. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels increased at 5 °C but decreased at 37 °C compared to the control (23 °C). Protein carbonyls increased in liver at 37 °C compared with control, however, lipid damage (malonaldehyde, MDA) in both serum and liver was unrelated to Ta. After the effects of different Tas on thyroid hormone levels and oxidative damage markers were determined, we further investigate whether thyroid hormones mediated metabolic rate and oxidative damage. Another set of gerbils received 0.0036% L-thyroxin (hyperthyroid), 0.04% Methylimazol (hypothyroid) or water (control). Hypothyroid group showed a 34% reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) also 42% and 26% increases in MDA and liver protein carbonyl respectively, whereas hyperthyroid group had higher RMR, liver mass and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to control. Serum T3 or T3/T4 levels were correlated positively with RMR, liver mass, and SOD, but negatively with MDA and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). We concluded that high Ta induced hypothyroidism, decreased RMR and increased oxidative damage, whereas low Ta induced hyperthyroidism, increased RMR and unchanged oxidative damage. These data supported our hypothesis that thyroid hormones can be a cue to mediate metabolic rate and different aspects of oxidative and antioxidant activities at different Tas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khakisahneh
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zahra Nouri
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Turner JM, Reher S, Warnecke L, Dausmann KH. Eurasian Red Squirrels Show Little Seasonal Variation in Metabolism in Food-Enriched Habitat. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:655-662. [DOI: 10.1086/694847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Shi LL, Fan WJ, Zhang JY, Zhao XY, Tan S, Wen J, Cao J, Zhang XY, Chi QS, Wang DH, Zhao ZJ. The roles of metabolic thermogenesis in body fat regulation in striped hamsters fed high-fat diet at different temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212:35-44. [PMID: 28711354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic thermogenesis plays important roles in thermoregulation, and it may be also involved in body fat regulation. The thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is largely affected by ambient temperature, but it is unclear if the roles in body fat regulation are dependent on the temperature. In the present study, uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1)-based BAT thermogenesis, energy budget and body fat content were examined in the striped hamsters fed high fat diet (HF) at cold (5°C) and warm (30°C) temperatures. The effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a chemical uncoupler, on body fat was also examined. The striped hamsters showed a notable increase in body fat following the HF feeding at 21°C. The increased body fat was markedly elevated at 30°C, but was significantly attenuated at 5°C compared to that at 21°C. The hamsters significantly increased energy intake at 5°C, but consumed less food at 30°C relative to those at 21°C. Metabolic thermogenesis, indicated by basal metabolic rate, UCP1 expression and/or serum triiodothyronine levels, significantly increased at 5°C, but decreased at 30°C compared to that at 21°C. A significant decrease in body fat content was observed in DNP-treated hamsters relative to the controls. These findings suggest that the roles of metabolic thermogenesis in body fat regulation largely depend on ambient temperature. The cold-induced enhancement of BAT thermogenesis may contribute the decreased body fat, resulting in a lean mass. Instead, the attenuation of BAT thermogenesis at the warm may result in notable obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei-Jia Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Song Tan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Yang F, Wang ZK, Zhu WL. Role of thermal physiology and bioenergetics on adaptation in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri): the experiment test. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41352. [PMID: 28145515 PMCID: PMC5286505 DOI: 10.1038/srep41352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient conditions, as temperature and photoperiod, play a key role in animals’ physiology and behaviors. To test the hypothesis that the maximum thermal physiological and bioenergetics tolerances are induced by extreme environments in Tupaia belangeri. We integrated the acclimatized and acclimated data in several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers of thermogenic capacity and bioenergetics in T. belangeri. Results showed that T. belangeri increased body mass, thermogenesis capacity, protein contents and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of liver and brown adipose tissue in winter-like environments, which indicated that temperature was the primary signal for T. belangeri to regulate several physiological capacities. The associated photoperiod signal also elevated the physiological capacities. The regulations of critical physiological traits play a primary role in meeting the survival challenges of winter-like condition in T. belangeri. Together, to cope with cold, leptin may play a potential role in thermogenesis and body mass regulation, as this hormonal signal is associated with other hormones. The strategies of thermal physiology and bioenergetics differs between typical Palearctic species and the local species. However, the maximum thermal physiology and bioenergetic tolerance maybe is an important strategy to cope with winter-like condition of T. belangeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wan-Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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18
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Liu XY, Yang DB, Xu YC, Gronning MOL, Zhang F, Wang DH, Speakman JR. Photoperiod induced obesity in the Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii): a model of 'healthy obesity'? Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1357-1366. [PMID: 27736740 PMCID: PMC5117229 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brandt's voles have an annual cycle of body weight and adiposity. These changes can be induced in the laboratory by manipulation of photoperiod. In the present study, male captive-bred Brandt's voles aged 35 days were acclimated to a short day (SD) photoperiod (8L:16D) for 70 days. A subgroup of individuals (n=16) were implanted with transmitters to monitor physical activity and body temperature. They were then randomly allocated into long day (LD=16L:8D) (n=19, 8 with transmitters) and SD (n=18, 8 with transmitters) groups for an additional 70 days. We monitored aspects of energy balance, glucose and insulin tolerance (GTT and ITT), body composition and organ fat content after exposure to the different photoperiods. LD voles increased in weight for 35 days and then re-established stability at a higher level. At the end of the experiment LD-exposed voles had greater white adipose tissue mass than SD voles (P=0.003). During weight gain they did not differ in their food intake or digestive efficiency; however, daily energy expenditure was significantly reduced in the LD compared with SD animals (ANCOVA, P<0.05) and there was a trend to reduced resting metabolic rate RMR (P=0.075). Physical activity levels were unchanged. Despite different levels of fat storage, the GTT and ITT responses of SD and LD voles were not significantly different, and these traits were not correlated to body fatness. Hence, the photoperiod-induced obesity was independent on disruptions to glucose homeostasis, indicating a potential adaptive decoupling of these states in evolutionary time. Fat content in both the liver and muscle showed no significant difference between LD and SD animals. How voles overcome the common negative aspects of fat storage might make them a useful model for understanding the phenomenon of 'healthy obesity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Deng-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Fang Zhang
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
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19
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Tan S, Wen J, Shi LL, Wang CM, Wang GY, Zhao ZJ. The increase in fat content in the warm-acclimated striped hamsters is associated with the down-regulated metabolic thermogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:162-172. [PMID: 27470945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been well known that metabolic thermogenesis plays an important role in the thermoregulation of small mammals under different temperatures, while its role in fat accumulation is far from clear. In the present study, several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical measures indicative of metabolic thermogenesis were measured in the weaning striped hamsters after acclimated to a warm condition (30°C) for 1, 3 and 4months. The warm-acclimated groups significantly decreased energy intake, and simultaneously decreased nonshivering thermogenesis compared to those housed at 21°C. Body fat content increased by 29.9%, 22.1% and 19.6% in the hamsters acclimated to 1, 3 or 4months, respectively relative to their counterparts maintain at 21°C (P<0.05). The cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of brain, liver, heart and skeletal muscle, and the ratio of serum tri-iodothyronine to thyroxine significantly decreased in warm-acclimated groups compared with 21°C group. COX activity and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly down-regulated under the warm conditions. COX activity of BAT, liver, heart and muscle were significantly negatively correlated with body fat content, and the correlation between UCP1 expression and body fat content tended to be negative. These findings suggest that the decrease in the energy spent on metabolic thermogenesis plays an important role in the fat accumulation. The attenuation of COX and UCP1-based BAT activity may be involved in body fat accumulation in animals under warm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lu-Lu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Gui-Ying Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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20
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Gao WR, Zhu WL, Wang ZK. The role of dietary fiber content on energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and leptin in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri). CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food quality and availability are important factors influencing the survival and reproduction of animals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dietary fiber content high-fiber (HF) diet treatment or low-fiber (LF) diet treatment) on energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and leptin concentrations in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri (Milne-Edwards, 1868)) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Mice on the HF treatment showed a lower body mass compared with LF treatment from day 27 to day 37, and a lower but insignificant body mass to day 71. Dry matter intake (DMI) and gross energy intake (GEI) were greater in HF compared with LF, whereas the digestible energy intake (DEI) was similar for both treatments. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) decreased in HF mice, whereas LF mice remained stable; no significant differences were detected in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content in brown adipose tissue (BAT), or the levels of serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) between HF and LF mice. Although there were no differences in body fat content and serum leptin concentrations between HF and LF mice, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body fat mass. These results support the hypothesis that A. chevrieri can compensate the poor-quality diet physiologically by way of increasing food intake and decreasing thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.-R. Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, 1st Yuhua District, Chenggong County, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
- School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, 1st Yuhua District, Chenggong County, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - W.-L. Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, 1st Yuhua District, Chenggong County, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z.-K. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, 1st Yuhua District, Chenggong County, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Gao WR, Wang ZK, Zhu WL. Plasticity in the physiological energetics of Apodemus chevrieri: the role of dietary fiber content. ANIM BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals are usually adapted to cope with changes in food quality and availability. In order to investigate the adaptive strategy of small rodents responding to varying dietary fiber content, in the present study, Apodemus chevrieri individuals were acclimated to a high-fiber diet for four weeks and then a relatively low-fiber diet for another four weeks. The results show that body mass was relatively stable over the course of acclimation, but dry matter intake, gross energy intake and the mass of the digestive tract increased significantly and digestibility decreased significantly in high-fiber diet mice, while the digestible energy intake was similar for both high-fiber and low-fiber diet mice except for the first week. High-fiber/low-fiber diet mice showed only a significant lower basal metabolic rate and nonshivering thermogenesis compared to low-fiber diet mice on day R1. The high-fiber diet induced a decrease in serum leptin levels and brown adipose tissue mass associated with a reduction in the cytochrome c oxidase activity and uncoupling protein 1 content of brown adipose tissue. Body mass, thermogenic capacity, energy intake, serum leptin levels and digestive tract morphology returned to the control levels after 4 weeks of refeeding low-fiber diet. Further, serum leptin levels were positively related to body fat mass and negatively related to food intake. These data indicated that body mass, energy intake, serum leptin levels and organ morphological plasticity were the main strategies by which A. chevrieri copes with variations in dietary fiber content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-rong Gao
- 1Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- 2School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zheng-kun Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wan-long Zhu
- 1Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Zhao ZJ, Chi QS, Zhao L, Zhu QX, Cao J, Wang DH. Effect of food restriction on energy budget in warm-acclimated striped hamsters. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:220-6. [PMID: 25936822 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of small mammals to sustain periods of food shortage largely depends on the adaptive regulation of energy budget in response to the decrease in food supply. In addition to food availability, ambient temperature (Ta) is an important factor affecting the rates of both energy intake and expenditure. To examine the effect of Ta on energy strategy and the capacity to sustain food shortage, striped hamsters were exposed to a warm condition (30°C) and were then restricted to 70% of ad libitum food intake. Body mass, energy intake and expenditure and physiological markers indicative of thermogenesis were measured. Warm exposure had no effect on body mass and digestibility, but decreased energy intake, basal metabolic rate and maximum nonshivering thermogenesis. The mitochondria protein content, cytochrome c oxidase activity and uncoupling protein 1 level of brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in hamsters at 30°C than at 21°C. Food restriction induced a significant decrease in body mass, but the decreased body mass was attenuated at 30°C relative to 21°C. This suggests that striped hamsters could not compensate for the limited food supply by decreasing daily energy expenditure at 21°C, whereas they could at 30°C. The significant reductions in the rates of metabolism and thermogenesis in warm-acclimated hamsters increase the capacity to cope with food shortage. Although, it remains uncertain whether this response represents some generalized evolutionary adaptation, the Ta-dependent adjustment in the capacity to survive food restriction may reflect that warm acclimation plays an important role in adaptive regulation of both physiology and behavior in response to the variations of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Qiao-Xia Zhu
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Teubner BJW, Leitner C, Thomas MA, Ryu V, Bartness TJ. An intact dorsomedial posterior arcuate nucleus is not necessary for photoperiodic responses in Siberian hamsters. Horm Behav 2015; 70:22-9. [PMID: 25647158 PMCID: PMC4409532 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal responses of many animal species are triggered by changes in daylength and its transduction into a neuroendocrine signal by the pineal gland through the nocturnal duration of melatonin (MEL) release. The precise central sites necessary to receive, transduce, and relay the short day (SD) fall-winter MEL signals into seasonal responses and changes in physiology and behavior are unclear. In Siberian hamsters, SDs trigger decreases in body and lipid mass, testicular regression and pelage color changes. Several candidate genes and their central sites of expression have been proposed as components of the MEL transduction system with considerable recent focus on the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and its component, the dorsomedial posterior arcuate nucleus (dmpARC). This site has been postulated as a critical relay of SD information through the modulation of a variety of neurochemicals/receptors important for the control of energy balance. Here the necessity of an intact dmpARC for SD responses was tested by making electrolytic lesions of the Siberian hamster dmpARC and then exposing them to either long days (LD) or SDs for 12wks. The SD typical decreases in body and fat mass, food intake, testicular volume, serum testosterone concentrations, pelage color change and increased UCP-1 protein expression (a proxy for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis) all occurred despite the lack of an intact dmpARC. Although the Siberian hamster dmpARC contains photoperiod-modulated constituents, these data demonstrate that an intact dmpARC is not necessary for SD responses and not integral to the seasonal energy- and reproductive-related responses measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J W Teubner
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA
| | - Claudia Leitner
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA
| | - Michael A Thomas
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA
| | - Timothy J Bartness
- Department of Biology and Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010, USA.
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Cortés PA, Franco M, Moreno-Gómez FN, Barrientos K, Nespolo RF. Thermoregulatory capacities and torpor in the South American marsupial, Dromiciops gliroides. J Therm Biol 2014; 45:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Lipidomics Reveals Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling Associated with Acute Thermoregulation in a Rodent with a Wide Thermoneutral Zone. Lipids 2014; 49:715-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Zhao ZJ, Chi QS, Liu QS, Zheng WH, Liu JS, Wang DH. The shift of thermoneutral zone in striped hamster acclimated to different temperatures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84396. [PMID: 24400087 PMCID: PMC3882234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature affects all biological functions and will therefore modulate ecologically significant interactions between animals and their environment. Here, we examined the effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on the thermal biology and energy budget in striped hamsters acclimated to cold (5°C), warm (21°C) and hot temperatures (31°C). Thermoneutral zone (TNZ) was 22.5–32.5°C, 25–32.5°C and 30–32.5°C in the cold-, warm- and hot-acclimated hamsters, respectively. The cold acclimation decreased the lower critical temperature and made the TNZ wider, and hot exposure elevated the lower critical temperature, resulting in a narrow TNZ. Within the TNZ, cold-acclimated hamsters showed a significantly higher rate of metabolism and thermogenesis than those acclimated to hot temperature. Digestive enzymes activities, including intestinal sucrase, maltase, L-alanine aminopeptidase-N and leucine aminopeptidase were higher in the cold than in the hot. The changes in metabolic rate and thermogenesis at different temperatures were in parallel with cytochrome c oxidase activity and uncoupling protein 1 gene expression of brown adipose tissue. This suggests that the shift of the lower critical temperature of TNZ is possibly associated with the rate of metabolism and thermogenesis, as well as with the digestive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract at different Ta. The upper critical temperature of TNZ may be independent of the changes in Ta. The changes of lower critical temperature of TNZ are an important strategy in adaption to variations of Ta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangdong Entomological Institute, 105 Xin’gang Xilu, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao ZJ, Song DG, Su ZC, Wei WB, Liu XB, Speakman JR. Limits to sustained energy intake. XVIII. Energy intake and reproductive output during lactation in Swiss mice raising small litters. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2349-58. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Limits to sustained energy intake (SusEI) during lactation in Swiss mice have been suggested to reflect the secretory capacity of the mammary glands. However, an alternative explanation is that milk production and food intake are regulated to match the limited growth capacity of the offspring. In the present study, female Swiss mice were experimentally manipulated in two ways – litter sizes were adjusted to be between 1 and 9 pups and mice were exposed to either warm (21°C) or cold (5°C) conditions from day 10 of lactation. Energy intake, number of pups and litter mass, milk energy output (MEO), thermogenesis, mass of the mammary glands and brown adipose tissue cytochrome c oxidase activity of the mothers were measured. At 21 and 5°C, pup mass at weaning was almost independent of litter size. Positive correlations were observed between the number of pups, litter mass, asymptotic food intake and MEO. These data were consistent with the suggestion that in small litters, pup requirements may be the major factor limiting milk production. Pups raised at 5°C had significantly lower body masses than those raised at 21°C. This was despite the fact that milk production and energy intake at the same litter sizes were both substantially higher in females raising pups at 5°C. This suggests that pup growth capacity is lower in the cold, perhaps due to pups allocating ingested energy to fuel thermogenesis. Differences in observed levels of milk production under different conditions may then reflect a complex interplay between factors limiting maternal performance (peripheral limitation and heat dissipation: generally better when it is cooler) and factors influencing maximum pup growth (litter size and temperature: generally better when it is hotter), and may together result in an optimal temperature favouring reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - De-Guang Song
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Zhen-Cheng Su
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Wen-Bo Wei
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xian-Bin Liu
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - John R. Speakman
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100100, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
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28
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Liu XY, Xu DL, Wang DH. High body weight associated with impaired nonshivering thermogenesis but improved glucose tolerance in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Zhang L, Zhu W, Wang Z. Role of photoperiod on hormone concentrations and adaptive capacity in tree shrews, Tupaia belangeri. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:253-9. [PMID: 22955104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature, play an important role in the regulation of an animal's physiology and behavior. In the present study, we examined the effects of short photoperiod (SD, 8L:16D) on body mass as well as on several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical measures indicative of thermogenic capacity, to test our hypothesis that short photoperiod stimulates increases thermogenic capacity and energy intake in tree shrews. At the end, these tree shrews (SD) had a significant higher body mass, energy intake, cytochrome C oxidase (COX) activity and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) content, serum tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) compared to LD (16L:8D) tree shrews. However, there were no significant differences in serum leptin and melatonin between the two groups. Together, these data suggest tree shrews employ a strategy of maximizing body growth and increasing energy intake in response to cues associated with short photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Energy metabolism, thermogenesis and body mass regulation in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) during subsequent cold and warm acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Zheng A, Liu G, Zhang Y, Hou S, Chang W, Zhang S, Cai H, Chen G. Proteomic analysis of liver development of lean Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica). J Proteomics 2012; 75:5396-413. [PMID: 22771313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays vital roles in digestion, metabolism and immune defense. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of nutrient metabolism and antioxidation of lean Pekin duck liver from hatching to slaughter, the proteome changes were investigated using 2-DE, MS, quantitative real-time PCR and bioinformatics. A total of 59 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Proteins involved in transportation were highly up-regulated in newborn ducks whereas 37 proteins associated with metabolism, defense and antioxidation were up-regulated in adult ducks. The over-expression of proteins at the last developmental stage presumably occurs to fulfill the needs of multiple functions of the liver. However, the over-expressed proteins related to transportation during the first developmental stage are involved in maintaining the high basal metabolism of newborn ducks. The functional enrichment analysis also confirmed these results. Furthermore, the protein interaction network predicted 28 proteins acting as key nodes for liver development. The validated expression between proteins and genes provides us target genes for future genetic analyses to improve the health and performance of these ducks. These significant advanced proteome data expand our knowledge on the physiology of the duck liver, thereby providing a potentially valuable foundation for molecular breeding to enhance feed efficiency and immunity and for optimizing the feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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32
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Zhao ZJ. Effect of cold exposure on energy budget and thermogenesis during lactation in Swiss mice raising large litters. Biol Open 2012; 1:397-404. [PMID: 23213430 PMCID: PMC3509457 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Swiss mice sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation has been previously suggested to be constrained by the capacity of the mammary glands to produce milk, supporting the “peripheral limitation” hypothesis. Here we experimentally examined if SusEI in these mice was not only limited peripherally but also constrained by the ability to dissipate heat. Female Swiss mice were provided with additional offspring above their natural litter sizes and were maintained during lactation either in warm (23°C) or cold (5°C) conditions. Food intake, thermogenesis, litter size and mass, and the weight of the mammary glands were measured. No differences were observed in asymptotic food intake at peak lactation, litter mass and thermogenesis between females raising litters of different size. Cold-exposed females increased food intake and thermogenic capacity, but weaned significantly smaller and lighter litters with smaller pup sizes compared with females in warm conditions. The weight of the mammary glands did not differ between warm and cold-exposed females, but within temperatures was positively related to litter mass. These data suggested that cold exposure increased food intake, but had no effect on the capacity of the mammary glands to secret milk because they were already working maximally in the females raising larger litters. The factors causing this limit in the mammary capacity remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Lu, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhao ZJ. Serum leptin, energy budget, and thermogenesis in striped hamsters exposed to consecutive decreases in ambient temperatures. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:560-72. [PMID: 22030849 DOI: 10.1086/662553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Leptin has been found to be a direct participant in the regulation of both energy intake and energy expenditure in small mammals showing seasonal declines in body mass (M(b)) and fat mass, but its roles in an animal exhibiting seasonally increased thermogenesis and unchanged M(b) remain unclear. Serum leptin levels, energy budget, and thermogenesis were measured in striped hamsters exposed to consecutive decreases in ambient temperatures ranging from 23° to -23°C. Cold-exposed hamsters had significant increases in gross energy intake (GEI), the rate of basal metabolism, nonshivering thermogenesis, and activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), compared with control hamsters, indicating a cold-induced elevation of thermogenesis. Body mass and fat content were decreased in cold-exposed animals, and serum leptin levels were increased in hamsters exposed to temperatures of -8°C and below in inverse proportion to body fat content. Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with GEI and BAT COX activity in cold-exposed hamsters, but no such relationships were observed in control animals. These findings suggest that cold-exposed hamsters increase food consumption to meet the energy requirements for increased BAT thermogenesis. The increases in serum leptin levels are likely involved in increased thermogenesis in hamsters under cold stress. Cold-exposed hamsters may become leptin resistant, which is associated with impaired regulation of food intake. This new natural model of leptin resistance may also provide insight into the dynamic long-term control of energy homeostasis for animals that do not exhibit seasonal decline in M(b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
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34
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Zhu WL, Cai JH, Xiao L, Wang ZK. Effects of photoperiod on energy intake, thermogenesis and body mass in Eothenomys miletus in Hengduan Mountain region. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Zhao ZJ. Energy budget during four successive bouts of lactation in striped hamsters exposed to decreases in ambient temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Chen JF, Zhong WQ, Wang DH. Seasonal changes in body mass, energy intake and thermogenesis in Maximowiczi’s voles (Microtus maximowiczii) from the Inner Mongolian grassland. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 182:275-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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37
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Variations in thermal physiology and energetics of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) in response to cold acclimation. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 182:167-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Zhang XY, Zhang Q, Wang DH. Pre- and post-weaning cold exposure does not lead to an obese phenotype in adult Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Horm Behav 2011; 60:210-8. [PMID: 21635895 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that postnatal undernutrition, overnutrition and cold stress are associated with imbalanced metabolic regulation as rodents achieve adulthood. In this study, we used a breeding colony of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), a wild rodent species from the Inner Mongolia grasslands in China, to examine the effects of pre- and post-weaning cold exposure on the adult body (fat) mass, serum hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides. Unlike laboratory rodents, vole offspring exposed to pre-weaning cold did not exhibit overweight or obese phenotypes in adulthood compared with unexposed controls. Moreover, adult male voles that remained in colder conditions had less body mass and lower serum leptin levels despite having higher food intake compared to other groups. To understand the mechanism of this unexpected regulation, hypothalamic gene expression was assessed for pre- and post-weaning cold exposure. Voles exposed to cold before weaning increased hypothalamic, orexigenic agouti-related protein (AgRP) and decreased anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression at weaning. These expression changes were associated with hyperphagia and catch-up growth after weaning. Interestingly, these changes in hypothalamic neuropeptides were short lasting because in adult voles these differences were no longer apparent, which might explain why the pre-weaning, cold-exposed voles did not become obese in adulthood. These data suggest that some species do not develop an obese phenotype in response to early life cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen Xilu, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
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39
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Zhang XY, Zhang Q, Wang DH. Litter size variation in hypothalamic gene expression determines adult metabolic phenotype in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). PLoS One 2011; 6:e19913. [PMID: 21637839 PMCID: PMC3102676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early postnatal environments may have long-term and potentially irreversible consequences on hypothalamic neurons involved in energy homeostasis. Litter size is an important life history trait and negatively correlated with milk intake in small mammals, and thus has been regarded as a naturally varying feature of the early developmental environment. Here we investigated the long-term effects of litter size on metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA expression involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, using the offspring reared from large (10–12) and small (3–4) litter sizes, of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), a rodent species from Inner Mongolia grassland in China. Methodology/Principal Findings Hypothalamic leptin signaling and neuropeptides were measured by Real-Time PCR. We showed that offspring reared from small litters were heavier at weaning and also in adulthood than offspring from large litters, accompanied by increased food intake during development. There were no significant differences in serum leptin levels or leptin receptor (OB-Rb) mRNA in the hypothalamus at weaning or in adulthood, however, hypothalamic suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA in adulthood increased in small litters compared to that in large litters. As a result, the agouti-related peptide (AgRP) mRNA increased in the offspring from small litters. Conclusions/Significance These findings support our hypothesis that natural litter size has a permanent effect on offspring metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression, and suggest central leptin resistance and the resultant increase in AgRP expression may be a fundamental mechanism underlying hyperphagia and the increased risk of overweight in pups of small litters. Thus, we conclude that litter size may be an important and central determinant of metabolic fitness in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu XY, Wang DH. Effects of leptin supplementation to lactating Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) on the developmental responses of their offspring to a high-fat diet. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 181:829-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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41
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Tan DX, Manchester LC, Fuentes-Broto L, Paredes SD, Reiter RJ. Significance and application of melatonin in the regulation of brown adipose tissue metabolism: relation to human obesity. Obes Rev 2011; 12:167-88. [PMID: 20557470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity indicates the unsuccessful battle against this disorder. Obesity and the associated health problems urgently require effective strategies of treatment. The new discovery that a substantial amount of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) is retained in adult humans provides a potential target for treatment of human obesity. BAT is active metabolically and disposes of extra energy via generation of heat through uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The physiology of BAT is readily regulated by melatonin, which not only increases recruitment of brown adipocytes but also elevates their metabolic activity in mammals. It is speculated that the hypertrophic effect and functional activation of BAT induced by melatonin may likely apply to the human. Thus, melatonin, a naturally occurring substance with no reported toxicity, may serve as a novel approach for treatment of obesity. Conversely, because of the availability of artificial light sources, excessive light exposure after darkness onset in modern societies should be considered a potential contributory factor to human obesity as light at night dramatically reduces endogenous melatonin production. In the current article, the potential associations of melatonin, BAT, obesity and the medical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-X Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Seasonal changes of thermogenic capacity in Melano-bellied oriental voles (Eothenomys melanogaster). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cui JG, Tang GB, Wang DH, Speakman JR. Effects of leptin infusion during peak lactation on food intake, body composition, litter growth, and maternal neuroendocrine status in female Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R447-59. [PMID: 21123757 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00121.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During lactation, female small mammals frequently reduce their fat reserves to very low levels. The function of this reduction is unclear, as calculations suggest that the contribution of the withdrawn energy from fat to the total energy balance of lactation is trivial. An alternative hypothesis is that reducing fat leads to a reduction in circulating adipokines, such as leptin, that play a role in stimulating the hyperphagia of lactation. We investigated the role of circulating leptin in lactation by repleting leptin levels using miniosmotic pumps during the last 7 days of lactation in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), a model small wild mammal we have extensively studied in the context of lactation energy demands. Repletion of leptin resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of body mass and food intake in lactating voles. Comparisons to nonreproducing individuals suggests that the reduced leptin in lactation, due to reduced fat stores, may account for ∼16% of the lactational hyperphagia. Reduced leptin in lactation may, in part, cause lactational hyperphagia via stimulatory effects on hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide) and inhibition of the anorexigenic neuropeptide (proopiomelanocortin). These effects were reversed by the experimental repletion of leptin. There was no significant effect of leptin treatment on daily energy expenditure, milk production or pup growth, but leptin repletion did result in a reversal of the suppression of uncoupling protein-1 levels in brown adipose tissue, indicating an additional role for reducing body fat and leptin during peak lacation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Cui
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Benchen Xilu, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhao ZJ, Chi QS, Cao J, Han YD. The energy budget, thermogenic capacity and behavior in Swiss mice exposed to a consecutive decrease in temperatures. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:3988-97. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.046821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The limitation on sustainable energy intake (SusEI) is important because it establishes the upper energetic limit on the ability of animals to disperse, survive and reproduce. However, there are still arguments about what factors impose that limitation. Thermoregulation in cold environments imposes great energy demands on small mammals. A cold-exposed animal has been suggested to be a model suitable for testing these factors. Here, we examined the changes in food intake and digestible energy intake (DEI) as measures of SusEI, thermogenic capacity and behavioral patterns in Swiss mice exposed to consecutively lower ambient temperatures from 23 to –15°C. Cold-exposed mice showed significant decreases in body mass, fat content of the carcass and body temperature, and increases in DEI compared with controls. The time spent on feeding significantly increased with decreasing temperatures, and time spent on general activity decreased following cold exposure. Resting metabolic rate, nonshivering thermogenesis and serum tri-iodothyronine levels significantly increased in mice exposed to lower temperatures in comparison with controls, whereas these thermogenic variables were not significantly different between 0 and –15°C. It might suggest that SusEI in cold exposed Swiss mice was constrained peripherally by the capacity to produce heat and also by the ability to dissipate body heat, but to a different extent. Moderate cold exposure might result in a relaxation of the heat dissipation limit (HDL), allowing the animals to increase food intake to meet cold stress. When animals are exposed to severe cold, the thermogenenic capacity might reach a ceiling, failing to compensate for the heat loss and which would finally result in lower body temperature and considerable weight loss. This might indicate that the HDL was set at a higher level than peripheral limits for Swiss mice exposed to a consecutive decrease in ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
| | - Ying-Dong Han
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China
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Winters AM, Rumbeiha WK, Winterstein SR, Fine AE, Munkhtsog B, Hickling GJ. Residues in Brandt's voles (Microtus brandti) exposed to bromadiolone-impregnated baits in Mongolia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1071-1077. [PMID: 20227761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2002, hundreds of non-target wildlife deaths occurred in Mongolia following aerial applications of bromadiolone, an anticoagulant rodenticide, to control eruptive Brandt's vole (Microtus brandti) populations. To clarify whether secondary poisoning could have contributed to these deaths, a field study was undertaken in Mongolia to measure bromadiolone residues in voles following exposure to two concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg) of bromadiolone-treated wheat. The two treatments produced different total burdens (2.65 microg+/-0.53SE and 13.70 microg+/-3.82SE, respectively) and liver burdens (1.74 microg+/-0.33SE and 8.81 microg+/-2.33SE, respectively) of bromadiolone in voles (both p<0.05). Total burdens of bromadiolone in voles found dead above ground were higher than those of live-trapped voles (32.35 microg+/-17.98SE versus 5.18 microg+/-1.40SE, respectively; p<0.05). These results are valuable for future assessments of secondary poisoning risk to scavengers and predators from large-scale bromadiolone poisoning operations of the type undertaken in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Winters
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Li YG, Yan ZC, Wang DH. Physiological and biochemical basis of basal metabolic rates in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:204-11. [PMID: 20601053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been shown to be a highly flexible phenotypic trait both between and within species, but the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are two sympatric rodent species in Inner Mongolian grasslands of China. It has been shown that Brandt's voles have higher metabolic rate than Mongolian gerbils. In this study, we elucidated the inter-specific variation in BMR integratively from the molecular levels to whole organism. Our results showed that differences in organ mass were not good predictors for the observed variations in BMR, while variations in the activity of thyroid hormones and the metabolic biochemical markers of tissues, such as mitochondria density, cytochrome c oxidase activity and state 4 respiration, were strongly correlated with variations in BMR, and there was also a positive relationship between residuals of T(3)/T(4) and state 4 respiration, suggesting that thyroid hormones play an important role in the determination of BMR variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhao ZJ, Chi QS, Cao J. Milk energy output during peak lactation in shaved Swiss mice. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:59-66. [PMID: 20430045 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The limits to sustainable energy intake (SusEI) are very important because they define an envelope within which many aspects of animal performance are constrained. It has previously been suggested that Swiss mice may be constrained peripherally by the mammary gland, in contrast to the heat dissipation limits hypothesis. To distinguish between the two ideas, we dorsally shaved Swiss mice at early lactation, and examined the energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), litter size and mass, milk energy output (MEO), serum prolactin levels (PRL) and suckling behavior of shaved mothers and non-shaved controls. Dorsal fur removal significantly increased energy intake and RMR, but did not have significant effects on litter mass, MEO, PRL and suckling behavior. These data were inconsistent with the heat dissipation limitation hypothesis and provided support for the peripheral limitation hypothesis, i.e. SusEI was more likely peripherally caused by the capacity of the mammary gland to produce milk. The inconsistent responses to sustainable limits suggested that the limitations on SusEI during peak lactation might be not the same in all species or even between different strains of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Lu, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China.
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Diet-induced obesity in the short-day-lean Brandt's vole. Physiol Behav 2010; 99:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhao ZJ, Cao J, Meng XL, Li YB. Seasonal variations in metabolism and thermoregulation in the striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis). J Therm Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Tang GB, Cui JG, Wang DH. Role of hypoleptinemia during cold adaptation in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R1293-301. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00185.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brandt's voles Lasiopodomys brandtii exhibit large increases in nonshivering thermogenesis to cope with chronic cold exposure, resulting in compensatory hyperphagia and fat mobilization. These physiological events are accompanied by a remarkable reduction in serum leptin levels. However, the role of hypoleptinemia in cold adaptation in this species is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that hypoleptinemia contributes to increases in food intake and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis by modifying hypothalamic neuropeptides in cold-exposed Brandt's voles. Adult male voles were transferred to 5°C for 28 days. Accompanied by a decrease in serum leptin levels, hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA levels were significantly increased, but there were no changes in the long form of leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated peptide (CART) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. When cold-exposed voles were returned to warm (23°C) for 28 days, body mass, food intake, serum leptin, and AgRP mRNA were restored to control levels. Leptin administration in cold-exposed voles decreased food intake as well as hypothalamic AgRP mRNA levels. There were no significant effects of leptin administration on hypothalamic Ob-Rb, SOCS3, NPY, POMC, CART mRNA, and uncoupling protein 1 levels under cold conditions. These results suggest that hypoleptinemia partially contributes to cold-induced hyperphagia, which might involve the elevation of hypothalamic AgRP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing; and
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Lu, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing; and
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Lu, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing; and
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