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Sun M, Wang H, Ye G, Zhang S, Li Z, Cai L, Wang F. Biological characteristics and metabolic phenotypes of different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani strains. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38902632 PMCID: PMC11188240 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen worldwide, and causes serious tobacco target spot in tobacco in the last five years. This research studied the biological characteristics of four different anastomosis groups strains (AG-3, AG-5, AG-6, AG-1-IB) of R. solani from tobacco. Using metabolic phenotype technology analyzed the metabolic phenotype differences of these strains. RESULTS The results showed that the suitable temperature for mycelial growth of four anastomosis group strains were from 20 to 30oC, and for sclerotia formation were from 20 to 25oC. Under different lighting conditions, R. solani AG-6 strains produced the most sclerotium, followed by R. solani AG-3, R. solani AG-5 and R. solani AG-1-IB. All strains had strong oligotrophic survivability, and can grow on water agar medium without any nitrutions. They exhibited three types of sclerotia distribution form, including dispersed type (R. solani AG-5 and AG-6), peripheral type (R. solani AG-1-IB), and central type (R. solani AG-3). They all presented different pathogenicities in tobacco leaves, with the most virulent was noted by R. solani AG-6, followed by R. solani AG-5 and AG-1-IB, finally was R. solani AG-3. R. solani AG-1-IB strains firstly present symptom after inoculation. Metabolic fingerprints of four anastomosis groups were different to each other. R. solani AG-3, AG-6, AG-5 and AG-1-IB strains efficiently metabolized 88, 94, 71 and 92 carbon substrates, respectively. Nitrogen substrates of amino acids and peptides were the significant utilization patterns for R. solani AG-3. R. solani AG-3 and AG-6 showed a large range of adaptabilities and were still able to metabolize substrates in the presence of the osmolytes, including up to 8% sodium lactate. Four anastomosis groups all showed active metabolism in environments with pH values from 4 to 6 and exhibited decarboxylase activities. CONCLUSIONS The biological characteristics of different anastomosis group strains varies, and there were significant differences in the metabolic phenotype characteristics of different anastomosis group strains towards carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, and osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Sun
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, P. R. China
| | - Hancheng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, P. R. China.
| | - Guo Ye
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuti Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, P. R. China.
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Luo J, Chen Z, Huang R, Wu Y, Liu C, Cai Z, Dong R, Arango J, Rao IM, Schultze-Kraft R, Liu G, Liu P. Multi-omics analysis reveals the roles of purple acid phosphatases in organic phosphorus utilization by the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:729-746. [PMID: 37932930 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume known for its exceptional tolerance to low phosphate (Pi), a trait believed to be linked to its high acid phosphatase (APase) activity. Previous studies have observed genotypic variations in APase activity in stylo; however, the gene encoding the crucial APase responsible for this variation remains unidentified. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were employed to identify eight Pi starvation-inducible (PSI) APases belonging to the purple APase (PAP) family in the roots of stylo and seven in the leaves. Among these PSI-PAPs, SgPAP7 exhibited a significantly positive correlation in its expression levels with the activities of both internal APase and root-associated APase across 20 stylo genotypes under low-Pi conditions. Furthermore, the recombinant SgPAP7 displayed high catalytic activity toward adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in vitro. Overexpression (OE) of SgPAP7 in Arabidopsis facilitated exogenous organic phosphorus utilization. Moreover, SgPAP7 OE lines showed lower shoot ADP and PEP levels than the wild type, implying that SgPAP7 is involved in the catabolism and recycling of endogenous ADP and PEP, which could be beneficial for plant growth in low-Pi soils. In conclusion, SgPAP7 is a key gene with a major role in stylo adaptation to low-Pi conditions by facilitating the utilization of both exogenous and endogenous organic phosphorus sources. It may also function as a PEP phosphatase involved in a glycolytic bypass pathway that minimizes the need for adenylates and Pi. Thus, SgPAP7 could be a promising target for improving tolerance of crops to low-Pi availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yuanhang Wu
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zeping Cai
- College of Tropical Crops & College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Rongshu Dong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jacobo Arango
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Idupulapati Madhusudana Rao
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Rainer Schultze-Kraft
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Priyodip P, Balaji S. Characterization of a putative metal-dependent PTP-like phosphatase from Lactobacillus helveticus 2126. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:37-47. [PMID: 37365352 PMCID: PMC10830716 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are very limited reports on sequence analysis and structure-based molecular modeling of phosphatases produced by probiotic bacteria. Therefore, a novel protein tyrosine-like phosphatase was characterized from L. helveticus 2126 in this study. The purified bacterial phosphatase was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis, and the identity of constructed sequence was analyzed using peptide mass fingerprint. The 3-D structure of protein was elucidated using homology modeling, while its stability was assessed using Ramachandran plot, VERIFY 3D, and PROCHECK. The bacterium produced an extracellular phosphatase of zone diameter 15 ± 0.8 mm on screening medium within 24 h of incubation. This bacterial phosphatase was highly specific towards sodium phytate as it yielded the lowest Km value of 299.50 ± 4.95 μM compared to other phosphorylated substrates. The activity was effectively stimulated in the presence of zinc, magnesium, and manganese ions thereby showing its PTP-like behavior. The phosphatase showed a molecular mass of 43 kDa, and the corresponding M/Z ratio data yielded 46% query coverage to Bacillus subtilis (3QY7). This showed a 61.1% sequence similarity to Ligilactobacillus ruminis (WP_046923835.1). The final sequence construct based on these bacteria showed a conserved motif "HCHILPGIDD" in their active site. In addition, homology modeling showed a distorted Tim barrel structure with a trinuclear metal center. The final model after energy minimization showed 90.9% of the residues in the favorable region of Ramachandran's plot. This structural information can be used in genetic engineering for improving the overall stability and catalytic efficiency of probiotic bacterial phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Priyodip
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, -576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seetharaman Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, -576104, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Zhu S, Guo Q, Xue Y, Lu X, Lai T, Liang C, Tian J. Impaired glycosylation of GmPAP15a, a root-associated purple acid phosphatase, inhibits extracellular phytate-P utilization in soybean. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:259-277. [PMID: 37691629 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient, but easily fixed in soils. Therefore, most of soil P exists in the form of inaccessible organic phosphorus (Po), particularly phytate-P. Root-associated purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are considered to play a crucial role in phosphate (Pi) scavenging in soils. However, evidence for regulating root-associated PAPs in utilization of extracellular phytate-P remain largely unknown in plants at both transcriptional and posttranslational levels. In this study, a Pi-starvation responsive GmPAP15a was identified in soybean (Glycine max). Overexpressing GmPAP15a led to significant increases in root-associated phytase activities, as well as total P content when phytate-P was supplied as the sole P resource in soybean hairy roots. Meanwhile, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed GmPAP15a was glycosylated at Asn144 and Asn502 , and its glycan structures of N-linked oligosaccharide chains exhibited microheterogeneity. Moreover, two homologues of AtPHR1, GmPHR9 and GmPHR32 were found to activate GmPAP15a transcription through luciferase activity analysis. Taken together, it is strongly suggested that GmPAP15a plays a vital role in phytate-P utilization in soybean, which might be regulated at both transcriptional and glycosylation modification levels. Our results highlight the GmPHR9/GmPHR32-GmPAP15a signalling pathway might present, and control phytate-P utilization in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioscience, Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Xue
- Department of Agriculture, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lai
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural Resources and Environment, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Huo Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Hu D, Zhang K, Chen B, Wu Y, Liu J, Yan T, Li Y, Yan C, Gao X, Yuan S, Chen G. The Impact of Various Organic Phosphorus Carriers on the Uptake and Use Efficiency in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17191. [PMID: 38139020 PMCID: PMC10743010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic phosphorus (OP) is an essential component of the soil P cycle, which contributes to barley nutrition after its mineralization into inorganic phosphorus (Pi). However, the dynamics of OP utilization in the barley rhizosphere remain unclear. In this study, phytin was screened out from six OP carriers, which could reflect the difference in OP utilization between a P-inefficient genotype Baudin and a P-efficient genotype CN4027. The phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE), root morphological traits, and expression of genes associated with P utilization were assessed under P deficiency or phytin treatments. P deficiency resulted in a greater root surface area and thicker roots. In barley fed with phytin as a P carrier, the APase activities of CN4027 were 2-3-fold lower than those of Baudin, while the phytase activities of CN4027 were 2-3-fold higher than those of Baudin. The PUE in CN4027 was mainly enhanced by activating phytase to improve the root absorption and utilization of Pi resulting from OP mineralization, while the PUE in Baudin was mainly enhanced by activating APase to improve the shoot reuse capacity. A phosphate transporter gene HvPHT1;8 regulated P transport from the roots to the shoots, while a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) family gene HvPAPhy_b contributed to the reuse of P in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (D.H.); (K.Z.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (X.G.)
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Y.X.); (D.H.); (K.Z.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (C.Y.); (X.G.)
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6
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Yoshitake Y, Yoshimoto K. Intracellular phosphate recycling systems for survival during phosphate starvation in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1088211. [PMID: 36733584 PMCID: PMC9888252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and plants use inorganic phosphate (Pi) as their P source, but its bioavailable form, orthophosphate, is often limited in soils. Hence, plants have several mechanisms for adaptation to Pi starvation. One of the most common response strategies is "Pi recycling" in which catabolic enzymes degrade intracellular constituents, such as phosphoesters, nucleic acids and glycerophospholipids to salvage Pi. Recently, several other intracellular degradation systems have been discovered that salvage Pi from organelles. Also, one of sphingolipids has recently been identified as a degradation target for Pi recycling. So, in this mini-review we summarize the current state of knowledge, including research findings, about the targets and degradation processes for Pi recycling under Pi starvation, in order to further our knowledge of the whole mechanism of Pi recycling.
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7
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Liu X, Han R, Cao Y, Turner BL, Ma LQ. Enhancing Phytate Availability in Soils and Phytate-P Acquisition by Plants: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9196-9219. [PMID: 35675210 PMCID: PMC9261192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate salts) can constitute a large fraction of the organic P in soils. As a more recalcitrant form of soil organic P, up to 51 million metric tons of phytate accumulate in soils annually, corresponding to ∼65% of the P fertilizer application. However, the availability of phytate is limited due to its strong binding to soils via its highly-phosphorylated inositol structure, with sorption capacity being ∼4 times that of orthophosphate in soils. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting macronutrients for agricultural productivity. Given that phosphate rock is a finite resource, coupled with the increasing difficulty in its extraction and geopolitical fragility in supply, it is anticipated that both economic and environmental costs of P fertilizer will greatly increase. Therefore, optimizing the use of soil phytate-P can potentially enhance the economic and environmental sustainability of agriculture production. To increase phytate-P availability in the rhizosphere, plants and microbes have developed strategies to improve phytate solubility and mineralization by secreting mobilizing agents including organic acids and hydrolyzing enzymes including various phytases. Though we have some understanding of phytate availability and phytase activity in soils, the limiting steps for phytate-P acquisition by plants proposed two decades ago remain elusive. Besides, the relative contribution of plant- and microbe-derived phytases, including those from mycorrhizas, in improving phytate-P utilization is poorly understood. Hence, it is important to understand the processes that influence phytate-P acquisition by plants, thereby developing effective molecular biotechnologies to enhance the dynamics of phytate in soil. However, from a practical view, phytate-P acquisition by plants competes with soil P fixation, so the ability of plants to access stable phytate must be evaluated from both a plant and soil perspective. Here, we summarize information on phytate availability in soils and phytate-P acquisition by plants. In addition, agronomic approaches and biotechnological strategies to improve soil phytate-P utilization by plants are discussed, and questions that need further investigation are raised. The information helps to better improve phytate-P utilization by plants, thereby reducing P resource inputs and pollution risks to the wider environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Institute
of Environment Remediation and Human Health, and College of Ecology
and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ran Han
- Institute
of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of
Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Cao
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Institute
of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of
Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lena Q. Ma
- Institute
of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of
Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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The PAP Gene Family in Tomato: Comprehensive Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic Relationships and Expression Profiles. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040563. [PMID: 35214896 PMCID: PMC8879926 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) plays a vital role in plant phosphate acquisition and utilization, as well as cell wall synthesis and redox reactions. In this study, comprehensive comparative analyses of PAP genes were carried out using the integration of phylogeny, chromosomal localization, intron/exon structural characteristics, and expression profiling. It was shown that the number of introns of the PAP genes, which were distributed unevenly on 12 chromosomes, ranged from 1 to 12. These findings pointed to the existence of complex structures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PAPs from tomato, rice, and Arabidopsis could be divided into three groups (Groups I, II, and III). It was assumed that the diversity of these PAP genes occurred before the monocot–dicot split. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most of the genes were expressed in all of the tissues analyzed, with the exception of SlPAP02, SlPAP11, and SlPAP14, which were not detected. It was also found that expression levels of most of the SlPAP gene family of members were changed under phosphorus stress conditions, suggesting potential functional diversification. The findings of this work will help us to achieve a better insight into the function of SlPAP genes in the future, as well as enhance our understanding of their evolutionary relationships in plants.
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Bhadouria J, Giri J. Purple acid phosphatases: roles in phosphate utilization and new emerging functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:33-51. [PMID: 34402946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants strive for phosphorus (P), which is an essential mineral for their life. Since P availability is limiting in most of the world's soils, plants have evolved with a complex network of genes and their regulatory mechanisms to cope with soil P deficiency. Among them, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are predominantly associated with P remobilization within the plant and acquisition from the soil by hydrolyzing organic P compounds. P in such compounds remains otherwise unavailable to plants for assimilation. PAPs are ubiquitous in plants, and similar enzymes exist in bacteria, fungi, mammals, and unicellular eukaryotes, but having some differences in their catalytic center. In the recent past, PAPs' roles have been extended to multiple plant processes like flowering, seed development, senescence, carbon metabolism, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, signaling, and root development. While new functions have been assigned to PAPs, the underlying mechanisms remained understood poorly. Here, we review the known functions of PAPs, the regulatory mechanisms, and their relevance in crop improvement for P-use-efficiency. We then discuss the mechanisms behind their functions and propose areas worthy of future research. Finally, we argue that PAPs could be a potential target for improving P utilization in crops. In turn, this is essential for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Mier-Guerra JR, Herrera-Valencia VA, Góngora-Castillo E, Peraza-Echeverria S. Discovery of potential phytases of the purple acid phosphatase family in a wide range of photosynthetic organisms and insights into their structure and evolution. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang R, Guan X, Yang M, Law YS, Voon CP, Yan J, Sun F, Lim BL. Overlapping Functions of the Paralogous Proteins AtPAP2 and AtPAP9 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7243. [PMID: 34298863 PMCID: PMC8303434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana purple acid phosphatase 2 (AtPAP2), which is anchored to the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria, affects carbon metabolism by modulating the import of some preproteins into chloroplasts and mitochondria. AtPAP9 bears a 72% amino acid sequence identity with AtPAP2, and both proteins carry a hydrophobic motif at their C-termini. Here, we show that AtPAP9 is a tail-anchored protein targeted to the outer membrane of chloroplasts. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments demonstrated that both AtPAP9 and AtPAP2 bind to a small subunit of rubisco 1B (AtSSU1B) and a number of chloroplast proteins. Chloroplast import assays using [35S]-labeled AtSSU1B showed that like AtPAP2, AtPAP9 also plays a role in AtSSU1B import into chloroplasts. Based on these data, we propose that AtPAP9 and AtPAP2 perform overlapping roles in modulating the import of specific proteins into chloroplasts. Most plant genomes contain only one PAP-like sequence encoding a protein with a hydrophobic motif at the C-terminus. The presence of both AtPAP2 and AtPAP9 in the Arabidopsis genome may have arisen from genome duplication in Brassicaceae. Unlike AtPAP2 overexpression lines, the AtPAP9 overexpression lines did not exhibit early-bolting or high-seed-yield phenotypes. Their differential growth phenotypes could be due to the inability of AtPAP9 to be targeted to mitochondria, as the overexpression of AtPAP2 on mitochondria enhances the capacity of mitochondria to consume reducing equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Xiaoqian Guan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Meijing Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Yee-Song Law
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Chia Pao Voon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Junran Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.Z.); (X.G.); (M.Y.); (Y.-S.L.); (C.P.V.); (J.Y.); (F.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Madsen CK, Brinch-Pedersen H. Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207519. [PMID: 33053867 PMCID: PMC7589363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to a fragmentation of knowledge, which hampers the appreciation of the physiological system at hand. In this review, we integrate the existing knowledge on the chemistry and biosynthesis of phytate, the globoid cellular structure, and recent advances on plant phytases. We highlight that these components make up a system that serves to store and-in due time-release the seed's reserves of the mineral nutrients phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, and others, as well as inositol and protein. The central component of the system, the phytate anion, is inherently rich in phosphorous and inositol. The chemical properties of phytate enable it to sequester additional cationic nutrients. Compartmentalization and membrane transport processes regulate the buildup of phytate and its associated nutrients, resulting in globoid storage structures. We suggest, based on the current evidence, that the degradation of the globoid and the mobilization of the nutrients also depend on membrane transport processes, as well as the enzymatic action of phytase.
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13
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Vílchez JI, Yang Y, He D, Zi H, Peng L, Lv S, Kaushal R, Wang W, Huang W, Liu R, Lang Z, Miki D, Tang K, Paré PW, Song CP, Zhu JK, Zhang H. DNA demethylases are required for myo-inositol-mediated mutualism between plants and beneficial rhizobacteria. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:983-995. [PMID: 32661278 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root-associated soil bacteria can strongly influence plant fitness. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark important to many fundamental biological processes; however, its roles in plant interactions with beneficial microbes remain elusive. Here, we report that active DNA demethylation in Arabidopsis controls root secretion of myo-inositol and consequently plant growth promotion triggered by Bacillus megaterium strain YC4. Root-secreted myo-inositol is critical for YC4 colonization and preferentially attracts B. megaterium among the examined bacteria species. Active DNA demethylation antagonizes RNA-directed DNA methylation in controlling myo-inositol homeostasis. Importantly, we demonstrate that active DNA demethylation controls myo-inositol-mediated mutualism between YC4 and Solanum lycopersicum, thus suggesting a conserved nature of this epigenetic regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Vílchez
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Danxia He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhui Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richa Kaushal
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke Miki
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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14
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Feder D, McGeary RP, Mitić N, Lonhienne T, Furtado A, Schulz BL, Henry RJ, Schmidt S, Guddat LW, Schenk G. Structural elements that modulate the substrate specificity of plant purple acid phosphatases: Avenues for improved phosphorus acquisition in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110445. [PMID: 32234228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate acquisition by plants is an essential process that is directly implicated in the optimization of crop yields. Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide range of phosphate esters and anhydrides. While some plant PAPs display a preference for ATP as the substrate, others are efficient in hydrolyzing phytate or 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PAP from red kidney bean (rkbPAP) is an efficient ATP- and ADPase, but has no activity towards phytate. Crystal structures of this enzyme in complex with ATP analogues (to 2.20 and 2.60 Å resolution, respectively) complement the recent structure of rkbPAP with a bound ADP analogue (ChemBioChem 20 (2019) 1536). Together these complexes provide the first structural insight of a PAP in complex with molecules that mimic biologically relevant substrates. Homology modeling was used to generate three-dimensional structures for the active sites of PAPs from tobacco (NtPAP) and thale cress (AtPAP26) that are efficient in hydrolyzing phytate and PEP as preferred substrates, respectively. The combining of crystallographic data, substrate docking simulations and a phylogenetic analysis of 49 plant PAP sequences (including the first PAP sequences reported from Eucalyptus) resulted in the identification of several active site residues that are important in defining the substrate specificities of plant PAPs; of particular relevance is the identification of a motif ("REKA") that is characteristic for plant PAPs that possess phytase activity. These results may inform bioengineering studies aimed at identifying and incorporating suitable plant PAP genes into crops to improve phosphorus acquisition and use efficiency. Organic phosphorus sources increasingly supplement or replace inorganic fertilizer, and efficient phosphorus use of crops will lower the environmental footprint of agriculture while enhancing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feder
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ross P McGeary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Natasa Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thierry Lonhienne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Zhou S, Huang G, Chen G. Synthesis and biological activities of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 197:112313. [PMID: 32335412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an asymptomatic progressive disease. With the improvement of people's living standard and the aging of population, osteoporosis and its fracture have become one of the main diseases threatening the aging society. The serious medical and social burden caused by this has aroused wide public concern. Osteoporosis is listed as one of the three major diseases of the elderly. At present, the drugs for osteoporosis include bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters. The purpose of these anti-osteoporosis drugs is to balance osteoblast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. With the development of anti-osteoporosis drugs, new anti osteoporosis drugs have been designed and synthesized. There are many kinds of new compounds with anti osteoporosis activity, but most of them are concentrated on the original drugs with anti osteoporosis activity, or the natural products with anti-osteoporosis activity are extracted from the natural products for structural modification to obtain the corresponding derivatives or analogues. These target compounds showed good ALP activity in vitro and in vivo, promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, or had anti TRAP activity, inhibited osteoclast absorption. This work attempts to systematically review the studies on the synthesis and bioactivity of anti-osteoporosis drugs in the past 10 years. The structure-activity relationship was discussed, which provided a reasonable idea for the design and development of new anti-osteoporosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
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16
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Akhtar A, Rizvi Z, Irfan M, Maqbool A, Bashir A, Abdulla Malik K. Biochemical and morphological risk assessment of transgenic wheat with enhanced iron and zinc bioaccessibility. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
A reasonable cultivation pattern is beneficial to maintain soil microbial activity and optimize the structure of the soil microbial community. To determine the effect of tobacco−peanut (Nicotiana tabacum−Arachis hypogaea) relay intercropping on the microbial community structure in soil, we compared the effects of relay intercropping and continuous cropping on the soil bacteria community structure.
Methods
We collected soil samples from three different cropping patterns and analyzed microbial community structure and diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology.
Result
The number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) for bacterial species in the soil was maximal under continuous peanut cropping. At the phylum level, the main bacteria identified in soil were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, which accounted for approximately 70% of the total. The proportions of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased, whereas the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. Moreover, the proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria among the soil bacteria further shifted over time with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. At the genus level, the proportions of Bacillus and Lactococcus increased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping.
Conclusion
The community structure of soil bacteria differed considerably with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping from that detected under peanut continuous cropping, and the proportions of beneficial bacteria (the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and the genera Bacillus and Lactococcus) increased while the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria (the genera Variibacter and Burkholderia) decreased. These results provide a basis for adopting tobacco–peanut relay intercropping to improve soil ecology and microorganisms, while making better use of limited cultivable land.
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18
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Velasco VME, Irani S, Axakova A, da Silva R, Summers PS, Weretilnyk EA. Evidence that tolerance of Eutrema salsugineum to low phosphate conditions is hard-wired by constitutive metabolic and root-associated adaptations. PLANTA 2019; 251:18. [PMID: 31781937 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extremophyte Eutrema salsugineum (Yukon ecotype) has adapted to an environment low in available phosphate through metabolic and root-associated traits that enables it to efficiently retrieve, use, and recycle phosphorus. Efficient phosphate (Pi) use by plants would increase crop productivity under Pi-limiting conditions and reduce our reliance on Pi applied as fertilizer. An ecotype of Eutrema salsugineum originating from the Yukon, Canada, shows no evidence of decreased relative growth rate or biomass under low Pi conditions and, as such, offers a promising model for identifying mechanisms to improve Pi use by crops. We evaluated traits associated with efficient Pi use by Eutrema (Yukon ecotype) seedlings and 4-week-old plants, including acquisition, remobilization, and the operation of metabolic bypasses. Relative to Arabidopsis, Eutrema was slower to remobilize phosphorus (P) from senescing leaves, primary and lateral roots showed a lower capacity for rhizosphere acidification, and root acid phosphatase activity was more broadly distributed and not Pi responsive. Both species produced long root hairs on low Pi media, whereas Arabidopsis root hairs were well endowed with phosphatase activity. This capacity was largely absent in Eutrema. In contrast to Arabidopsis, maximal in vitro rates of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities were not responsive to low Pi conditions suggesting that Eutrema has a constitutive and likely preferential capacity to use glycolytic bypass enzymes. Rhizosphere acidification, exudation of acid phosphatases, and rapid remobilization of leaf P are unlikely strategies used by Eutrema for coping with low Pi. Rather, equipping an entire root system for Pi acquisition and utilizing a metabolic strategy suited to deficient Pi conditions offer better explanations for how Eutrema has adapted to thrive on alkaline, highly saline soil that is naturally low in available Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Marjorie Elauria Velasco
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Solmaz Irani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anna Axakova
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rosa da Silva
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Peter S Summers
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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19
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Synthesis, evaluation and structural investigations of potent purple acid phosphatase inhibitors as drug leads for osteoporosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Liu P, Cai Z, Chen Z, Mo X, Ding X, Liang C, Liu G, Tian J. A root-associated purple acid phosphatase, SgPAP23, mediates extracellular phytate-P utilization in Stylosanthes guianensis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2821-2834. [PMID: 30066375 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a major component of soil organic phosphorus (P), phytate-P is unavailable to plants unless hydrolysed by phytase to release inorganic phosphate. However, knowledge on natural variation in root-associated phytase activity and its underlying molecular mechanisms in plants remains fragmentary. In this study, variations in root internal and associated phytase activity were observed among 39 genotypes of Stylosanthes guianensis (Stylo), which is well adapted to acid soils. Furthermore, TPRC2001-1, the genotype with the highest root-associated phytase activity, was more capable of utilizing extracellular phytate-P than Fine-stem, the genotype with the lowest root-associated phytase activity. After protein liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, a purple acid phosphatase (PAP), SgPAP23, was identified and cloned from TPRC2001-1. SgPAP23 exhibited high activity against phytate-P and was mainly localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, SgPAP23 overexpression resulted in significant increases of root-associated phytase activity and thus facilitated extracellular phytate-P utilization in both bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots and Arabidopsis thaliana. The results herein support the conclusion that SgPAP23 is a primary contributor to the superior extracellular phytate-P utilization in stylo and thus is used to develop cultivars with efficient extracellular phytate-P utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandao Liu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Zefei Cai
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohui Mo
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xipeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
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21
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Ma L, Zheng SC, Zhang TK, Liu ZY, Wang XJ, Zhou XK, Yang CG, Duo JL, Mo MH. Effect of nicotine from tobacco root exudates on chemotaxis, growth, biocontrol efficiency, and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NXHG29. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 111:1237-1257. [PMID: 29397489 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that root exudates have a major role in mediating plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Here, we characterized tobacco root exudates (TREs) by GC-MS and nicotine, scopoletin, and octadecane were identified as three main components of TREs. Qualitative and quantitative chemotaxis assays revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa NXHG29 with antagonistic activity displayed positive chemotactic responses towards TREs and their three main components (nicotine, scopoletin, octadecane) and its enhanced chemotaxis were induced by these substances in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, following GC-MS and chemotaxis analysis, nicotine was selected as the target for evaluation of the effect on NXHG29 regarding antagonism, growth, root colonization and biocontrol efficiency. Results of in vitro studies showed that nicotine as a sole carbon source could enhance growth of NXHG29 and significantly increased the antagonism of NXHG29. We also demonstrated that nicotine exerted enhancing effects on the colonization ability of NXHG29 on tobacco roots by combining CLSM observations with investigation of population level dynamics by selective dilution plating method. Results from greenhouse experiments suggested nicotine exhibited stimulatory effects on the biocontrol efficiency of NXHG29 against bacterial wilt and black shank on tobacco. The stimulatory effect of nicotine was affected by the concentration and timing of nicotine application and further supported by the results of population level of NXHG29 on tobacco roots. This is the first report on the enhancement effect of nicotine from TREs on an antagonistic bacterium for its root colonization, control of soil-borne pathogens, regarding the chemotaxis and in vitro antagonism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti Kun Zhang
- Pu'er Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Pu'er, 665000, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650202, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yi Liu
- Pu'er Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Pu'er, 665000, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650202, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Jian Wang
- Pu'er Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Pu'er, 665000, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650202, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Kui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ling Duo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming He Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, No.2 Cuihubei road, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wang HC, Li LC, Cai B, Cai LT, Chen XJ, Yu ZH, Zhang CQ. Metabolic Phenotype Characterization of Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:470. [PMID: 29593701 PMCID: PMC5859374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, which causes gray mold, is an important pathogen in four important economic crops, tomato, tobacco, cucumber and strawberry, in China and worldwide. Metabolic phenomics data on B. cinerea isolates from these four crops were characterized and compared for 950 phenotypes with a BIOLOG Phenotype MicroArray (PM). The results showed that the metabolic fingerprints of the four B. cinerea isolates were similar to each other with minimal differences. B. cinerea isolates all metabolized more than 17% of the tested carbon sources, 63% of the amino acid nitrogen substrates, 80% of the peptide nitrogen substrates, 93% of the phosphorus substrates, and 97% of the sulfur substrates. Carbon substrates of organic acids and carbohydrates, and nitrogen substrates of amino acids and peptides were the significant utilization patterns for B. cinerea. Each B. cinerea isolate contained 94 biosynthetic pathways. These isolates showed a large range of adaptabilities and were still able to metabolize substrates in the presence of the osmolytes, including up to 6% potassium chloride, 10% sodium chloride, 5% sodium sulfate, 6% sodium formate, 20% ethylene glycol, and 3% urea. These isolates all showed active metabolism in environments with pH values from 3.5 to 8.5 and exhibited decarboxylase activities. These characterizations provide a theoretical basis for the study of B. cinerea in biochemistry and metabolic phenomics and provide valuable clues to finding potential new ways to manage gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Cheng Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Cui Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu-Ti Cai
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-He Yu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Qing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China
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Bhadouria J, Singh AP, Mehra P, Verma L, Srivastawa R, Parida SK, Giri J. Identification of Purple Acid Phosphatases in Chickpea and Potential Roles of CaPAP7 in Seed Phytate Accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11012. [PMID: 28887557 PMCID: PMC5591292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play important roles in phosphate (Pi) acquisition and utilization. These PAPs hydrolyze organic Phosphorus (P) containing compounds in rhizosphere as well as inside the plant cell. However, roles of PAPs in one of the most widely cultivated legumes, chickpea (Cicer arietnum L.), have not been unraveled so far. In the present study, we identified 25 putative PAPs in chickpea (CaPAPs) which possess functional PAP motifs and domains. Differential regulation of CaPAPs under different nutrient deficiencies revealed their roles under multiple nutrient stresses including Pi deficiency. Interestingly, most of the CaPAPs were prominently expressed in flowers and young pods indicating their roles in flower and seed development. Association mapping of SNPs underlying CaPAPs with seed traits revealed significant association of low Pi inducible CaPAP7 with seed weight and phytate content. Biochemical characterization of recombinant CaPAP7 established it to be a functional acid phosphatase with highest activity on most abundant organic-P substrate, phytate. Exogenous application of recombinant CaPAP7 enhanced biomass and Pi content of Arabidopsis seedlings supplemented with phytate as sole P source. Taken together, our results uncover the PAPs in chickpea and potential roles of CaPAP7 in seed phytate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ajit Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Poonam Mehra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rishi Srivastawa
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Dong J, Sun Y, Lim BL, Liu D, Lu ZJ. Systematic characterization of novel lncRNAs responding to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:655. [PMID: 27538394 PMCID: PMC4991007 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were characterized as regulators in phosphate (Pi) starvation responses. However, systematic studies of novel lncRNAs involved in the Pi starvation signaling pathways have not been reported. RESULTS Here, we used a genome-wide sequencing and bioinformatics approach to identify both poly(A) + and poly(A)- lncRNAs that responded to Pi starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We sequenced shoot and root transcriptomes of the Arabidopsis seedlings grown under Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions, and predicted 1212 novel lncRNAs, of which 78 were poly(A)- lncRNAs. By employing strand-specific RNA libraries, we discovered many novel antisense lncRNAs for the first time. We further defined 309 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between P+ and P- conditions in either shoots or roots. Through Gene Ontology enrichment of the associated protein-coding genes (co-expressed or close on the genome), we found that many lncRNAs were adjacent or co-expressed with the genes involved in several Pi starvation related processes, including cell wall organization and photosynthesis. In total, we identified 104 potential lncRNA targets of PHR1, a key regulator for transcriptional response to Pi starvation. Moreover, we identified 16 candidate lncRNAs as potential targets of miR399, another key regulator of plant Pi homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data provide a rich resource of candidate lncRNAs involved in the Pi starvation regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jinsong Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon L. Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhi John Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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Liu PD, Xue YB, Chen ZJ, Liu GD, Tian J. Characterization of purple acid phosphatases involved in extracellular dNTP utilization in Stylosanthes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4141-54. [PMID: 27194738 PMCID: PMC5301924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes spp.) is a pasture legume predominant in tropical and subtropical areas, where low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint for plant growth. Therefore, stylo might exhibit superior utilization of the P pool on acid soils, particularly organic P. However, little is known about mechanisms of inorganic phosphate (Pi) acquisition employed by stylo. In this study, the utilization of extracellular deoxy-ribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) and the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms were examined for two stylo genotypes with contrasting P efficiency. Results showed that the P-efficient genotype, TPRC2001-1, was superior to the P-inefficient genotype, Fine-stem, when using dNTP as the sole P source. This was reflected by a higher dry weight and total P content for TPRC2001-1 than for Fine-stem, which was correlated with higher root-associated acid phosphatase (APase) activities in TPRC2001-1 under low P conditions. Subsequently, three PAP members were cloned from TPRC2001-1: SgPAP7, SgPAP10, and SgPAP26 Expression levels of these three SgPAPs were up-regulated by Pi starvation in stylo roots. Furthermore, there was a higher abundance of transcripts of SgPAP7 and SgPAP10 in TPRC2001-1 than in Fine-stem. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that these three SgPAPs were localized on the plasma membrane. Overexpression of these three SgPAPs could result in significantly increased root-associated APase activities, and thus extracellular dNTP utilization in bean hairy roots. Taken together, the results herein suggest that SgPAP7, SgPAP10, and SgPAP26 may differentially contribute to root-associated APase activities, and thus control extracellular dNTP utilization in stylo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Dao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan 570228, P. R. China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Dao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong 510642, P. R. China
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Plant-Microbiota Interactions as a Driver of the Mineral Turnover in the Rhizosphere. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 95:1-67. [PMID: 27261781 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge facing agriculture in the 21st century is the need to increase the productivity of cultivated land while reducing the environmentally harmful consequences of mineral fertilization. The microorganisms thriving in association and interacting with plant roots, the plant microbiota, represent a potential resource of plant probiotic function, capable of conjugating crop productivity with sustainable management in agroecosystems. However, a limited knowledge of the organismal interactions occurring at the root-soil interface is currently hampering the development and use of beneficial plant-microbiota interactions in agriculture. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the recruitment cues of the plant microbiota and the molecular basis of nutrient turnover in the rhizosphere will be required to move toward efficient and sustainable crop nutrition. In this chapter, we will discuss recent insights into plant-microbiota interactions at the root-soil interface, illustrate the processes driving mineral dynamics in soil, and propose experimental avenues to further integrate the metabolic potential of the plant microbiota into crop management and breeding strategies for sustainable agricultural production.
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Strigolactone regulates anthocyanin accumulation, acid phosphatases production and plant growth under low phosphate condition in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119724. [PMID: 25793732 PMCID: PMC4368578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential macronutrient in plant growth and development; however, the concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in soil is often suboptimal for crop performance. Accordingly, plants have developed physiological strategies to adapt to low Pi availability. Here, we report that typical Pi starvation responses in Arabidopsis are partially dependent on the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway. SL treatment induced root hair elongation, anthocyanin accumulation, activation of acid phosphatase, and reduced plant weight, which are characteristic responses to phosphate starvation. Furthermore, the expression profile of SL-response genes correlated with the expression of genes induced by Pi starvation. These results suggest a potential overlap between SL signaling and Pi starvation signaling pathways in plants.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Lu S, Liu D. A major root-associated acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis, AtPAP10, is regulated by both local and systemic signals under phosphate starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6577-88. [PMID: 25246445 PMCID: PMC4246188 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The induction and secretion of acid phosphatases (APases) is a universal response of plants to phosphate (Pi) starvation. AtPAP10 (Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase 10) is a major Pi starvation-induced APase that is associated with the root surface in Arabidopsis. So far, the roles of local and systemic signalling in regulating root-associated AtPAP10 activity remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that a decrease of local, external Pi availability is sufficient to induce AtPAP10 transcription in roots in the presence of sucrose, a systemic signal from shoots, whereas the magnitude of the induction is affected by the Pi status of the whole plant. Once the AtPAP10 mRNAs are synthesized in roots, subsequent accumulation of AtPAP10 proteins in root cells and increase in AtPAP10 activity on the root surface are mainly controlled by local signalling. Previously, ethylene has been demonstrated to be a positive regulator of AtPAP10 activity. In this study, we provide evidence that under Pi deficiency ethylene mainly modulates enzymatic activity of AtPAP10 on the root surface, but not AtPAP10 transcription and protein accumulation, suggesting that it functions as a local signal. Furthermore, our work indicates that the effect of ethylene on the induction of root-associated AtPAP10 activity depends on sucrose, but that the effect of sucrose does not depend on ethylene. These results reveal new insights into the distinct roles of local and systemic signalling in the regulation of root-associated AtPAP10 activity under Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Belgaroui N, Zaidi I, Farhat A, Chouayekh H, Bouain N, Chay S, Curie C, Mari S, Masmoudi K, Davidian JC, Berthomieu P, Rouached H, Hanin M. Over-expression of the Bacterial Phytase US417 in Arabidopsis Reduces the Concentration of Phytic Acid and Reveals Its Involvement in the Regulation of Sulfate and Phosphate Homeostasis and Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1912-24. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Lazali M, Louadj L, Ounane G, Abadie J, Amenc L, Bargaz A, Lullien-Pellerin V, Drevon JJ. Localization of phytase transcripts in germinating seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). PLANTA 2014; 240:471-478. [PMID: 24912928 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The work provides the first-time evidence of tissue-specific expression of a phytase gene in the germinating seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytase enzyme plays a major role in germinating seeds. It is also active during N2 fixation within nodules of legumes. The effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency on phytase gene expression and localization in N2-fixing root nodules has been recently studied in hydroaeroponic culture of Phaseolus vulgaris. In this study, phytase gene transcripts within the germinating seed tissues of the P-inefficient P. vulgaris recombinant inbred line RIL147 were in situ localized with a similar RT-PCR recipe as that used for nodules. Our results show that the phytase gene expression was mainly localized in the outer layers, vascular cells and parenchyma of germinating seeds whereas it was localized in the inner and middle cortex of nodules. Image analysis quantified higher fluorescence intensity of the phytase transcript signal in the seed embryo than in radicles, cotyledons or the nodule cortex. Furthermore, the phytase activity was 22-fold higher in cotyledons (43 nmol min(-1) g(-1) dry weight) than in nodules (2 nmol min(-1) g(-1) dry weight). The K m and V m values of phytase activity in cotyledons were also significantly higher than in nodules. Interestingly, the amplified sequence of cDNA phytase exhibited highest homology with the Glycine max purple acid phosphatase (NM_001289274) 90 % for germinating seed as compared to nodule phytase cDNA displaying 94 % homology with the Glycine max phytase (GQ422774.1). It is concluded that phytase enzymes are likely to vary from seeds to nodules and that phytase enzymes play key roles in the use of organic P or N2 fixation, as it is well known for germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lazali
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie & des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Khemis Miliana, Route Theniet El Had, 44225, Soufay, Ain Defla, Algeria,
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31
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Rombola TH, Pedrinho EAN, de Macedo Lemos EG, Gonçalves AM, dos Santos LFJ, Pizauro JM. Identification and enzymatic characterization of acid phosphatase from Burkholderia gladioli. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:221. [PMID: 24713147 PMCID: PMC3983855 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Burkholderia is widespread in diverse ecological niches, the majority of known species are soil bacteria that exhibit different types of non-pathogenic interactions with plants. Burkholderia species are versatile organisms that solubilize insoluble minerals through the production of organic acids, which increase the availability of nutrients for the plant. Therefore these bacteria are promising candidates for biotechnological applications. RESULTS Burkholderia sp. (R 3.25 isolate) was isolated from agricultural soil in Ponta Grossa-PR-Brazil and identified through analysis of the 16S rDNA as a strain classified as Burkholderia gladioli. The expression of membrane-bound acid phosphatase (MBAcP) was strictly regulated with optimal expression at a concentration of phosphorus 5 mM. The apparent optimum pH for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP) was 6.0. The hydrolysis of PNPP by the enzyme exhibited a hyperbolic relationship with increasing concentration of substrate and no inhibition by excess of substrate was observed. Kinetic data revealed that the hydrolysis of PNPP exhibited cooperative kinetics with n = 1.3, Vm = 113.5 U/mg and K0.5 = 65 μM. The PNPPase activity was inhibited by vanadate, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, arsenate and phosphate, however the activity was not inhibited by calcium, levamisole, sodium tartrate, EDTA, zinc, magnesium, cobalt, ouabain, oligomycin or pantoprazol. CONCLUSION The synthesis of membrane-bound non-specific acid phosphatase, strictly regulated by phosphate, and its properties suggest that this bacterium has a potential biotechnological application to solubilize phosphate in soils with low levels of this element, for specific crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - João Martins Pizauro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, Laboratório de Enzimologia Aplicada, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Wang L, Lu S, Zhang Y, Li Z, Du X, Liu D. Comparative genetic analysis of Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatases AtPAP10, AtPAP12, and AtPAP26 provides new insights into their roles in plant adaptation to phosphate deprivation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:299-314. [PMID: 24528675 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Induction and secretion of acid phosphatases (APases) is thought to be an adaptive mechanism that helps plants survive and grow under phosphate (Pi) deprivation. In Arabidopsis, there are 29 purple acid phosphatase (AtPAP) genes. To systematically investigate the roles of different AtPAPs, we first identified knockout or knock-down T-DNA lines for all 29 AtPAP genes. Using these atpap mutants combined with in-gel and quantitative APase enzyme assays, we demonstrated that AtPAP12 and AtPAP26 are two major intracellular and secreted APases in Arabidopsis while AtPAP10 is mainly a secreted APase. On Pi-deficient (P-) medium or P- medium supplemented with the organophosphates ADP and fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P), growth of atpap10 was significantly reduced whereas growth of atpap12 was only moderately reduced, and growth of atpap26 was nearly equal to that of the wild type (WT). Overexpression of the AtPAP12 or AtPAP26 gene, however, caused plants to grow better on P- or P- medium supplemented with ADP or Fru-6-P. Interestingly, Pi levels are essentially the same for the WT and overexpressing lines, although these two types of plants have significantly different growth phenotypes. These results suggest that the APases may have other roles besides enhancing internal Pi recycling or releasing Pi from external organophosphates for plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Sun F, Liang C, Whelan J, Yang J, Zhang P, Lim BL. Global transcriptome analysis of AtPAP2--overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana with elevated ATP. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:752. [PMID: 24180234 PMCID: PMC3829102 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AtPAP2 is a purple acid phosphatase that is targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Over-expression (OE) lines of AtPAP2 grew faster, produced more seeds, and contained higher leaf sucrose and glucose contents. The present study aimed to determine how high energy status affects leaf and root transcriptomes. RESULTS ATP and ADP levels in the OE lines are 30-50% and 20-50% higher than in the wild-type (WT) plants. Global transcriptome analyses indicated that transcriptional regulation does play a role in sucrose and starch metabolism, nitrogen, potassium and iron uptake, amino acids and secondary metabolites metabolism when there is an ample supply of energy. While the transcript abundance of genes encoding protein components of photosystem I (PS I), photosystem II (PS II) and light harvesting complex I (LHCI) were unaltered, changes in transcript abundance for genes encoding proteins of LHCII are significant. The gene expressions of most enzymes of the Calvin cycle, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were unaltered, as these enzymes are known to be regulated by light/redox status or allosteric modulation by the products (e.g. citrate, ATP/ADP ratio), but not at the level of transcription. CONCLUSIONS AtPAP2 overexpression resulted in a widespread reprogramming of the transcriptome in the transgenic plants, which is characterized by changes in the carbon, nitrogen, potassium, and iron metabolism. The fast-growing AtPAP2 OE lines provide an interesting tool for studying the regulation of energy system in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Botany Department, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086 Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Yang
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Ku YS, Koo NSC, Li FWY, Li MW, Wang H, Tsai SN, Sun F, Lim BL, Ko WH, Lam HM. GmSAL1 hydrolyzes inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and regulates stomatal closure in detached leaves and ion compartmentalization in plant cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78181. [PMID: 24167607 PMCID: PMC3805524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphatases are important regulators since they control the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives, which are often signaling molecules for cellular processes. Here we report on the characterization of one of their members in soybean, GmSAL1. In contrast to the substrate specificity of its Arabidopsis homologues (AtSAL1 and AtSAL2), GmSAL1 only hydrolyzes inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) but not inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate or inositol-1,4-bisphosphate.The ectopic expression of GmSAL1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana led to a reduction in IP3 signals, which was inferred from the reduction in the cytoplasmic signals of the in vivo biomarker pleckstrin homology domain-green florescent protein fusion protein and the suppression of abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. At the cellular level, the ectopic expression of GmSAL1 in transgenic BY-2 cells enhanced vacuolar Na(+) compartmentalization and therefore could partially alleviate salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nicolas Siu-Chung Koo
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Francisca Wing-Yen Li
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
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Rivera-Solís RA, Peraza-Echeverria S, Echevarría-Machado I, Herrera-Valencia VA. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a small family of purple acid phosphatase homologue genes that are differentially expressed in response to phytate. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gujar PD, Bhavsar KP, Khire JM. Effect of phytase from Aspergillus niger on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2242-2247. [PMID: 23355258 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive use of non-replenishable phosphate reserves as phosphate supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative phosphate sources. Unlocking the phytate phosphorus using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 in degradation of phytate phosphorus to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendment in comparison with chemical fertilizers. RESULTS An enzyme dose of 12 IU was sufficient to hydrolyze phytate and increase assimilation of phosphorus by about 74%. Phytase supplementation leads to increase in shoot:total length ratio by about 200%, indicating its growth-promoting effect. Consistency in phytase-induced growth was reflected at pot and tray levels, wherein shoot:total length ratio was observed to be 2.01 and 2.12 respectively. Mineral assimilation due to phytase was more efficient as compared to chemical fertilizers, thus overcoming the constraints of practicability and economics in the agriculture industry. Phytase was efficient in reducing the phytic acid content of soil by about 30% while simultaneously increasing the phytate phosphate availability by 1.18-fold. CONCLUSION Phytase from A. niger showed improvement in phytate phosphorus and mineral availability. Besides a plant growth-promoting effect, reduction in use of chemical fertilizers and soil improvement could be achieved simultaneously for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya D Gujar
- NCIM Resource Center, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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Lambers H, Clements JC, Nelson MN. How a phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on carboxylate exudation powers the success and agronomic potential of lupines (Lupinus, Fabaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:263-88. [PMID: 23347972 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lupines (Lupinus species; Fabaceae) are an ancient crop with great potential to be developed further for high-protein feed and food, cover crops, and phytoremediation. Being legumes, they are capable of symbiotically fixing atmospheric nitrogen. However, Lupinus species appear to be nonmycorrhizal or weakly mycorrhizal at most; instead some produce cluster roots, which release vast amounts of phosphate-mobilizing carboxylates (inorganic anions). Other lupines produce cluster-like roots, which function in a similar manner, and some release large amounts of carboxylates without specialized roots. These traits associated with nutrient acquisition make lupines ideally suited for either impoverished soils or soils with large amounts of phosphorus that is poorly available for most plants, e.g., acidic or alkaline soils. Here we explore how common the nonmycorrhizal phosphorus-acquisition strategy based on exudation of carboxylates is in the genus Lupinus, concluding it is very likely more widespread than generally acknowledged. This trait may partly account for the role of lupines as pioneers or invasive species, but also makes them suitable crop plants while we reach "peak phosphorus".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Zhang GQ, Chen QJ, Sun J, Wang HX, Han CH. Purification and characterization of a novel acid phosphatase from the split gill mushroom Schizophyllum commune. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:868-75. [PMID: 23322529 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A monomeric acid phosphatase (ACP) with a molecular mass of 72.5 kDa was purified from fresh fruiting bodies of cultured Schizophyllum commune mushroom. The isolation procedure entailed ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and Q-sepharose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. It demonstrated a unique N-terminal amino acid sequence of NAPWAQIDEV, which exhibited 60% amino acid identity to that of S. commune hypothetical histidine ACP based on its genome sequence, but less than 30% amino acid identity to that of other fungal ACPs previously reported. The ACP exhibited an optimum temperature at 50 °C, an optimum pH at pH 4.6, and was considerably stable at a pH range of 4.0 to 9.0, and a temperature range of 20-40 °C. The Km of the purified enzyme for ρ-nitrophenyl phosphate (ρNPP) was 0.248 mM and the Vmax was 9.093 × 10(-3) μM/min. ACP activity was strongly inhibited by Al(3+) and Fe(3+) , but enhanced by Co(2+) , Mg(2+) , and Ca(2+) at a concentration of 0.5 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Anand A, Srivastava PK. A molecular description of acid phosphatase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2174-97. [PMID: 22684363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase is ubiquitous in distribution in various organisms. Although it catalyzes simple hydrolytic reactions, it is considered as an interesting enzyme in biological systems due to its involvement in different physiological activities. However, earlier reviews on acid phosphatase reveal some fragmentary information and do not give a holistic view on this enzyme. So, the present review summarizes studies on biochemical properties, structure, catalytic mechanism, and applications of acid phosphatase. Recent advancement of acid phosphatase in agricultural and clinical fields is emphasized where it is presented as potent agent for sustainable agricultural practices and diagnostic marker in bone metabolic disorders. Also, its significance in prostate cancer therapies as a therapeutic target has been discussed. At the end, current studies and prospects of immobilized acid phosphatase are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Ma XF, Tudor S, Butler T, Ge Y, Xi Y, Bouton J, Harrison M, Wang ZY. Transgenic expression of phytase and acid phosphatase genes in alfalfa (Medicagosativa) leads to improved phosphate uptake in natural soils. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2012; 30:377-391. [PMID: 22707914 PMCID: PMC3362705 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-011-9628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.) is one of the most widely grown crops in the USA. Phosphate (P) deficiency is common in areas where forage crops are grown. To improve the use of organic phosphate by alfalfa, two Medicagotruncatula genes, phytase (MtPHY1) and purple acid phosphatase (MtPAP1), were overexpressed in alfalfa under the control of the constitutive CaMV35S promoter or the root-specific MtPT1 promoter. Root enzyme activity analyses revealed that although both genes lead to similar levels of acid phosphatase activities, overexpression of the MtPHY1 gene usually results in a higher level of phytase activity than overexpression of the MtPAP1 gene. The MtPT1 promoter was more effective than the CaMV35S promoter in regulating gene expression and extracellular secretion under P-deficient conditions. Measurement of growth performance of the transgenic lines further proved that the best promoter-gene combination is the MtPHY1 gene driven by the MtPT1 promoter. Compared to the control, the plants with high levels of transgene expression showed improved growth. The biomass of several transgenic lines was three times that of the control when plants were grown in sand supplied with phytate as the sole P source. When the plants were grown in natural soils without additional P supplement, the best performing transgenic lines produced double the amount of biomass after 12 weeks (two cuts) of growth. Transgene effects were more obvious in soil with lower pH and lower natural P reserves than in soil with neutral pH and relatively higher P storage. The total P concentration in leaf tissues of the high-expressing transgenic lines was significantly higher than that of the control. The transgenes have great potential for improving plant P acquisition and biomass yield in P-deficient agricultural soils. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-011-9628-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ma
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
- Present Address: Ceres, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA
| | - Steven Tudor
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Twain Butler
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Yaxin Ge
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Yajun Xi
- College of Agriculture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Joseph Bouton
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
| | - Maria Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA
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Zhang Y, Yu L, Yung KF, Leung DYC, Sun F, Lim BL. Over-expression of AtPAP2 in Camelina sativa leads to faster plant growth and higher seed yield. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:19. [PMID: 22472516 PMCID: PMC3361479 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids extracted from seeds of Camelina sativa have been successfully used as a reliable source of aviation biofuels. This biofuel is environmentally friendly because the drought resistance, frost tolerance and low fertilizer requirement of Camelina sativa allow it to grow on marginal lands. Improving the species growth and seed yield by genetic engineering is therefore a target for the biofuels industry. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of purple acid phosphatase 2 encoded by Arabidopsis (AtPAP2) promotes plant growth by modulating carbon metabolism. Overexpression lines bolt earlier and produce 50% more seeds per plant than wild type. In this study, we explored the effects of overexpressing AtPAP2 in Camelina sativa. RESULTS Under controlled environmental conditions, overexpression of AtPAP2 in Camelina sativa resulted in longer hypocotyls, earlier flowering, faster growth rate, higher photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, increased seed yield and seed size in comparison with the wild-type line and null-lines. Similar to transgenic Arabidopsis, activity of sucrose phosphate synthase in leaves of transgenic Camelina was also significantly up-regulated. Sucrose produced in photosynthetic tissues supplies the building blocks for cellulose, starch and lipids for growth and fuel for anabolic metabolism. Changes in carbon flow and sink/source activities in transgenic lines may affect floral, architectural, and reproductive traits of plants. CONCLUSIONS Lipids extracted from the seeds of Camelina sativa have been used as a major constituent of aviation biofuels. The improved growth rate and seed yield of transgenic Camelina under controlled environmental conditions have the potential to boost oil yield on an area basis in field conditions and thus make Camelina-based biofuels more environmentally friendly and economically attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laura Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fu Yung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, China
| | - Dennis YC Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon L Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Sun F, Suen PK, Zhang Y, Liang C, Carrie C, Whelan J, Ward JL, Hawkins ND, Jiang L, Lim BL. A dual-targeted purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana moderates carbon metabolism and its overexpression leads to faster plant growth and higher seed yield. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:206-219. [PMID: 22269069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• Overexpression of AtPAP2, a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) with a unique C-terminal hydrophobic motif in Arabidopsis, resulted in earlier bolting and a higher seed yield. Metabolite analysis showed that the shoots of AtPAP2 overexpression lines contained higher levels of sugars and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites. Enzyme assays showed that sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was significantly upregulated in the overexpression lines. The higher SPS activity arose from a higher level of SPS protein, and was independent of SnRK1. • AtPAP2 was found to be targeted to both plastids and mitochondria via its C-terminal hydrophobic motif. Ectopic expression of a truncated AtPAP2 without this C-terminal motif in Arabidopsis indicated that the subcellular localization of AtPAP2 is essential for its biological actions. • Plant PAPs are generally considered to mediate phosphorus acquisition and redistribution. AtPAP2 is the first PAP shown to modulate carbon metabolism and the first shown to be dual-targeted to both plastids and mitochondria by a C-terminal targeting signal. • One PAP-like sequence carrying a hydrophobic C-terminal motif could be identified in the genome of the smallest free-living photosynthetic eukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri. This might reflect a common ancestral function of AtPAP2-like sequences in the regulation of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Kit Suen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Carrie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jane L Ward
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Nathaniel D Hawkins
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Cabello-Díaz JM, Quiles FA, Lambert R, Pineda M, Piedras P. Identification of a novel phosphatase with high affinity for nucleotides monophosphate from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 53:54-60. [PMID: 22322249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings accumulate ureides derived from purines after germination. The first step in the conversion of purines to ureides is the removal of the 5'-phosphate group by a phosphatase that has not been established yet. Two main phosphatase activities were detected in the embryonic axes of common bean using inosine monophosphate as substrate in an in-gel assay. Both activities differed in their sensitive to the common phosphatase inhibitor molybdate, with the molybdate-resistant as the first enzyme induced after radicle protrusion. The molybdate-resistant phosphatase has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and this is the first enzyme which shows this resistance purified and characterized from plant tissues. The native enzyme was a monomer of 55 kDa and it showed highest activity with nucleotides as substrates, with the K(m) values in the micromolar range. Among nucleotides, the highest specific constant (V(max)/K(m)) was observed for adenosine monophosphate. Furthermore, the enzyme was inhibited by nucleosides, the products of the enzymatic reaction, with maximum effect for adenosine. Common bean seedlings imbibed in the presence of adenosine monophosphate in vivo showed the highest molybdate-resistant phosphatase activity in the axes in addition to increased ureide content. The data presented suggests that purified phosphatase is involved in nucleotide metabolism in embryonic axes from common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Cabello-Díaz
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus Rabanales, Edif, Severo Ochoa, 1(a) Planta, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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Li C, Gui S, Yang T, Walk T, Wang X, Liao H. Identification of soybean purple acid phosphatase genes and their expression responses to phosphorus availability and symbiosis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:275-85. [PMID: 21948626 PMCID: PMC3241574 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are members of the metallo-phosphoesterase family and have been known to play important roles in phosphorus (P) acquisition and recycling in plants. Low P availability is a major constraint to growth and production of soybean, Glycine max. Comparative studies on structure, transcription regulation and responses to phosphate (Pi) deprivation of the soybean PAP gene family should facilitate further insights into the potential physiological roles of GmPAPs. METHODS BLAST searches were performed to identify soybean PAP genes at the phytozome website. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to investigate their gene structure, conserve motifs and phylogenetic relationships. Hydroponics and sand-culture experiments were carried out to obtain the plant materials. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to analyse the expression patterns of PAP genes in response to P deficiency and symbiosis. KEY RESULTS In total, 35 PAP genes were identified from soybean genomes, which can be classified into three distinct groups including six subgroups in the phylogenetic tree. The expression pattern analysis showed flowers possessed the largest number of tissue-specific GmPAP genes under normal P conditions. The expression of 23 GmPAPs was induced or enhanced by Pi starvation in different tissues. Among them, nine GmPAP genes were highly expressed in the Pi-deprived nodules, whereas only two GmPAP genes showed significantly increased expression in the arbuscular mycorrhizal roots under low-P conditions. CONCLUSIONS Most GmPAP genes are probably involved in P acquisition and recycling in plants. Also we provide the first evidence that some members of the GmPAP gene family are possibly involved in the response of plants to symbiosis with rhizobia or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under P-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shunhua Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Thomas Walk
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Wang L, Li Z, Qian W, Guo W, Gao X, Huang L, Wang H, Zhu H, Wu JW, Wang D, Liu D. The Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase AtPAP10 is predominantly associated with the root surface and plays an important role in plant tolerance to phosphate limitation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:1283-99. [PMID: 21941000 PMCID: PMC3252131 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Induction of secreted acid phosphatase (APase) is a universal response of higher plants to phosphate (Pi) limitation. These enzymes are thought to scavenge Pi from organophosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and thus to increase Pi availability to plants when Pi is deficient. The tight association of secreted APase with the root surface may make plants more efficient in the utilization of soil Pi around root tissues, which is present in organophosphate forms. To date, however, no systematic molecular, biochemical, and functional studies have been reported for any of the Pi starvation-induced APases that are associated with the root surface after secretion. In this work, using genetic and molecular approaches, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Purple Acid Phosphatase10 (AtPAP10) as a Pi starvation-induced APase that is predominantly associated with the root surface. The AtPAP10 protein has phosphatase activity against a variety of substrates. Expression of AtPAP10 is specifically induced by Pi limitation at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Functional analyses of multiple atpap10 mutant alleles and overexpressing lines indicated that AtPAP10 plays an important role in plant tolerance to Pi limitation. Genetic manipulation of AtPAP10 expression may provide an effective means for engineering new crops with increased tolerance to Pi deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (L.W., Z.L., W.G., X.G., L.H., H.W., J.-W.W., D.L.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (W.Q., H.Z., D.W.)
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Dai F, Qiu L, Ye L, Wu D, Zhou M, Zhang G. Identification of a phytase gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLoS One 2011; 6:e18829. [PMID: 21533044 PMCID: PMC3080886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous phytase plays a crucial role in phytate degradation and is thus closely related to nutrient efficiency in barley products. The understanding of genetic information of phytase in barley can provide a useful tool for breeding new barley varieties with high phytase activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytase activity was conducted using a doubled haploid population. Phytase protein was purified and identified by the LC-ESI MS/MS Shotgun method. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene was sequenced and the position was compared with the QTL controlling phytase activity. A major QTL for phytase activity was mapped to chromosome 5 H in barley. The gene controlling phytase activity in the region was named as mqPhy. The gene HvPAP a was mapped to the same position as mqPhy, supporting the colinearity between HvPAP a and mqPhy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is the first report on QTLs for phytase activity and the results showed that HvPAP a, which shares a same position with the QTL, is a major phytase gene in barley grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Singh B, Satyanarayana T. Microbial phytases in phosphorus acquisition and plant growth promotion. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:93-103. [PMID: 23572999 PMCID: PMC3550544 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major constituents in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and cell membranes with an important role in regulation of a number of enzymes. Soil phosphorous is an important macronutrient for plant growth. Phosphorus deficiency in soil is a major problem for agricultural production. Total soil P occurs in either organic or in organic form. Phytic acid as phytate (salts of phytic acid) is the major form of organic phosphorus in soil and it is not readily available to plants as a source of phosphorus because it either forms a complex with cations or adsorbs to various soil components. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are ubiquitous in soils and could play an important role in supplying P to plants. Microorganisms utilizing phytate are found in cultivated soils as well as in wetland, grassland and forest soils. Various fungi and bacteria (including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) hydrolyze this organic form of phosphorus secreting phosphatases such as phytases and acidic/alkaline phosphatases. A large number of transgenic plants have been developed which were able to utilize sodium phytate as sole source of phosphorus. However, the recombinant phytases were similar to their wild type counterparts in terms of their properties. Increased phytase/phosphatase activity in transgenic plants may be an effective approach to promote their phytate-phosphorus utilization. The extracellular phytase activity of transgenic plant roots is a significant factor in the utilization of phosphorus from phytate. Furthermore, this indicated that an opportunity exists for using gene technology to improve the ability of plants to utilize accumulated forms of soil organic phosphorus. This review is focused on the role of phytases and phytase producing microbes in promoting the growth of different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Singh
- />Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 Haryana India
| | - T. Satyanarayana
- />Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021 India
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Labidi N, Snoussi S, Ammari M, Metoui W, Ben Yousfi N, Hamrouni L, Abdelly C. Enhancement of acid phosphatase secretion and Pi acquisition in Suaeda fruticosa on calcareous soil by high saline level. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2010; 61:470-85. [PMID: 21112838 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the adaptive processes of Suaeda fruticosa for Pi acquisition and the physic-chemical and biological characteristics of two soil types under moderate and high saline conditions. Four treatments were established in pots: namely SS100, SS600, CS100 and CS600 where SS stood for sandy soil and CS for calcareous soil, and the indexes 100 and 600 were NaCl concentrations (mM) in irrigation distilled water. Assuming that Pi per g of plant biomass is an indicator of plant efficiency for P acquisition, the results showed that Pi acquisition was easiest on SS100 and was difficult on CS100. The differences in Pi acquisition between plants on SS100 and CS100 could be attributed to the low root surface area (-30%) and to the low alkaline phosphatases (Pases) activities (-50%) in calcareous rhizospheric soil. The high salinity level had no effect on the efficiency of P acquisition on SS but increased this parameter on CS (+50%). In the latter soil type, high acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizospheric soil at high salinity level. Acid phosphatase seemed to be secreted from the roots. The higher secretion of acid phosphatase in this soil was related to the root lipid peroxidation in response to elevated salinity associated with the augmentation of unsaturated acids which might induce an oxidative damage of the root membrane. Thus we can conclude that in deficient soil such as calcareous, the efficiency of P acquisition in S. fruticosa which was difficult at moderate salinity level can be enhanced by high salinity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehla Labidi
- Laboratoire d'Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques, BP901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj Cédria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisie.
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Liang C, Tian J, Lam HM, Lim BL, Yan X, Liao H. Biochemical and molecular characterization of PvPAP3, a novel purple acid phosphatase isolated from common bean enhancing extracellular ATP utilization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:854-65. [PMID: 19955264 PMCID: PMC2815866 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.147918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) play diverse physiological roles in plants. In this study, we purified a novel PAP, PvPAP3, from the roots of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown under phosphate (Pi) starvation. PvPAP3 was identified as a 34-kD monomer acting on the specific substrate, ATP, with a broad pH range and a high heat stability. The activity of PvPAP3 was insensitive to tartrate, indicating that PvPAP3 is a PAP-like protein. Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggest that PvPAP3 belongs to the group of plant PAPs with low molecular mass. Transient expression of 35S:PvPAP3-green fluorescent protein in onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells verified that it might anchor on plasma membrane and be secreted into apoplast. Pi starvation led to induction of PvPAP3 expression in both leaves and roots of common bean, and expression of PvPAP3 was strictly dependent on phosphorus (P) availability and duration of Pi starvation. Furthermore, induction of PvPAP3 expression was more rapid and higher in a P-efficient genotype, G19833, than in a P-inefficient genotype, DOR364, suggesting possible roles of PvPAP3 in P efficiency in bean. In vivo analysis using a transgenic hairy root system of common bean showed that both growth and P uptake of bean hairy roots from the PvPAP3 overexpression transgenic lines were significantly enhanced when ATP was supplied as the sole external P source. Taken together, our results suggest that PvPAP3 is a novel PAP that might function in the adaptation of common bean to P deficiency, possibly through enhancing utilization of extracellular ATP as a P source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Liao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Nutrition in South China, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China (C.L., J.T., X.Y., H.L.); Department of Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China (H.-M.L.); and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China (B.L.L.)
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Wang X, Wang Y, Tian J, Lim BL, Yan X, Liao H. Overexpressing AtPAP15 enhances phosphorus efficiency in soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:233-40. [PMID: 19587103 PMCID: PMC2736008 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.138891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint to crop growth and production, including soybean (Glycine max), on a global scale. However, 50% to 80% of the total P in agricultural soils exists as organic phosphate, which is unavailable to plants unless hydrolyzed to release inorganic phosphate. One strategy for improving crop P nutrition is the enhanced activity of acid phosphatases (APases) to obtain or remobilize inorganic phosphate from organic P sources. In this study, we overexpressed an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) purple APase gene (AtPAP15) containing a carrot (Daucus carota) extracellular targeting peptide in soybean hairy roots and found that the APase activity was increased by 1.5-fold in transgenic hairy roots. We subsequently transformed soybean plants with AtPAP15 and studied three homozygous overexpression lines of AtPAP15. The three transgenic lines exhibited significantly improved P efficiency with 117.8%, 56.5%, and 57.8% increases in plant dry weight, and 90.1%, 18.2%, and 62.6% increases in plant P content, respectively, as compared with wild-type plants grown on sand culture containing phytate as the sole P source. The transgenic soybean lines also exhibited a significant level of APase and phytase activity in leaves and root exudates, respectively. Furthermore, the transgenic lines exhibited improved yields when grown on acid soils, with 35.9%, 41.0%, and 59.0% increases in pod number per plant, and 46.0%, 48.3%, and 66.7% increases in seed number per plant. Taken together, to our knowledge, our study is the first report on the improvement of P efficiency in soybean through constitutive expression of a plant APase gene. These findings could have significant implications for improving crop yield on soils low in available P, which is a serious agricultural limitation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Wang
- Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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