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Li Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gao S, Zhang P, Xia W, Zhang K, Yang X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li B, Li T, Xiao Y, Chen J, Chen W. The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor SmERF106 promotes tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108932. [PMID: 39018777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory biosynthesis mechanisms of active compounds in herbs is vital for the preservation and sustainable use of natural medicine resources. Diterpenoids, which play a key role in plant growth and resistance, also serve as practical products for humans. Tanshinone, a class of abietane-type diterpenes unique to the Salvia genus, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, is an excellent model for studying diterpenoids. In this study, we discovered that a transcription factor, SmERF106, responds to MeJA induction and is located in the nucleus. It exhibits a positive correlation with the expression of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1, which are associated with tanshinone biosynthesis. We performed DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) to predict genes that may be transcriptionally regulated by SmERF106. Our cis-elements analysis suggested that SmERF106 might bind to GCC-boxes in the promoters of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. This indicates that SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 could be potential target genes regulated by SmERF106 in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. Their interaction was then demonstrated through a series of in vitro and in vivo binding experiments, including Y1H, EMSA, and Dual-LUC. Overexpression of SmERF106 in the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza led to a significant increase in tanshinone content and the transcriptional levels of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. In summary, we found that SmERF106 can activate the transcription of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 in response to MeJA induction, thereby promoting tanshinone biosynthesis. This discovery provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of tanshinones in response to JA and offers a potential gene tool for tanshinone metabolic engineering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Liu
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tingzhao Li
- Amway (Shanghai) Innovation & Science Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Center of Chinese Traditional Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Saifi M, Ashrafi K, Qamar F, Abdin MZ. Regulatory trends in engineering bioactive-phytocompounds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112167. [PMID: 38925476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The secondary plant metabolites are of enormous importance because of their extensive medicinal, nutraceutical, and industrial applications. In plants, these secondary metabolites are often found in extremely small amounts, therefore, following the discovery of any prospective metabolite, the main constraining element is the ability to generate enough material for use in both industrial and therapeutic settings. In order to satisfy the rising demand for value-added metabolites, researchers prefer to use different molecular approaches for scalable and sustainable production of these phytocompounds. Here, we discuss the emerging regulatory trends in engineering these bioactive-phytocompounds and provide recommendation on successful employment of these state-of-the-art technologies for translation of these academic researches into novel process and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Saifi
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kudsiya Ashrafi
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Firdaus Qamar
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Z Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Hilal B, Khan MM, Fariduddin Q. Recent advancements in deciphering the therapeutic properties of plant secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108674. [PMID: 38705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Hilal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Zhou Z, Feng J, Huo J, Qiu S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Li Q, Li Y, Han C, Feng X, Duan Y, Chen R, Xiao Y, He Y, Zhang L, Chen W. Versatile CYP98A enzymes catalyse meta-hydroxylation reveals diversity of salvianolic acids biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1536-1548. [PMID: 38226779 PMCID: PMC11123398 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids (SA), such as rosmarinic acid (RA), danshensu (DSS), and their derivative salvianolic acid B (SAB), etc. widely existed in Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families, are of interest due to medicinal properties in the pharmaceutical industries. Hundreds of studies in past decades described that 4-coumaroyl-CoA and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPL) are common substrates to biosynthesize SA with participation of rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) and cytochrome P450 98A (CYP98A) subfamily enzymes in different plants. However, in our recent study, several acyl donors and acceptors included DSS as well as their ester-forming products all were determined in SA-rich plants, which indicated that previous recognition to SA biosynthesis is insufficient. Here, we used Salvia miltiorrhiza, a representative important medicinal plant rich in SA, to elucidate the diversity of SA biosynthesis. Various acyl donors as well as acceptors are catalysed by SmRAS to form precursors of RA and two SmCYP98A family members, SmCYP98A14 and SmCYP98A75, are responsible for different positions' meta-hydroxylation of these precursors. SmCYP98A75 preferentially catalyses C-3' hydroxylation, and SmCYP98A14 preferentially catalyses C-3 hydroxylation in RA generation. In addition, relative to C-3' hydroxylation of the acyl acceptor moiety in RA biosynthesis, SmCYP98A75 has been verified as the first enzyme that participates in DSS formation. Furthermore, SmCYP98A enzymes knockout resulted in the decrease and overexpression leaded to dramatic increase of SA accumlation. Our study provides new insights into SA biosynthesis diversity in SA-abundant species and versatility of CYP98A enzymes catalytic preference in meta-hydroxylation reactions. Moreover, CYP98A enzymes are ideal metabolic engineering targets to elevate SA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Navy Special Medical CentreSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jingxian Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Juncheng Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shi Qiu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yajing Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Cuicui Han
- Navy Special Medical CentreSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- Navy Special Medical CentreSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yonghao Duan
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ruibin Chen
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xiao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying He
- Navy Special Medical CentreSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SHTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi‐Blood TCM TheoriesInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Zhang G, Sun Y, Ullah N, Kasote D, Zhu L, Liu H, Xu L. Changes in secondary metabolites contents and stress responses in Salvia miltiorrhiza via ScWRKY35 overexpression: Insights from a wild relative Salvia castanea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108671. [PMID: 38703500 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Salvia castanea Diels, a close wild relative to the medicinal plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, primarily grows in high-altitude regions. While the two species share similar active compounds, their content varies significantly. WRKY transcription factors are key proteins, which regulate plant growth, stress response, and secondary metabolism. We identified 46 ScWRKY genes in S. castanea and found that ScWRKY35 was a highly expressed gene associated with secondary metabolites accumulation. This study aimed to explore the role of ScWRKY35 gene in regulating the accumulation of secondary metabolites and its response to UV and cadmium (Cd) exposure in S. miltiorrhiza. It was found that transgenic S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots overexpressing ScWRKY35 displayed upregulated expression of genes related to phenolic acid synthesis, resulting in increased salvianolic acid B (SAB) and rosmarinic acid (RA) contents. Conversely, tanshinone pathway gene expression decreased, leading to lower tanshinone levels. Further, overexpression of ScWRKY35 upregulated Cd transport protein HMA3 in root tissues inducing Cd sequestration. In contrast, the Cd uptake gene NRAMP1 was downregulated, reducing Cd absorption. In response to UV radiation, ScWRKY35 overexpression led to an increase in the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone contents, including upregulation of genes associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis. Altogether, these findings highlight the role of ScWRKY35 in enhancing secondary metabolites accumulation, as well as in Cd and UV stress modulation in S. miltiorrhiza, which offers a novel insight into its phytochemistry and provides a new option for the genetic improvement of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuee Sun
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies. Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Deepak Kasote
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies. Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Longyi Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Yan C, Li C, Jiang M, Xu Y, Zhang S, Hu X, Chen Y, Lu S. Systematic characterization of gene families and functional analysis of PvRAS3 and PvRAS4 involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374912. [PMID: 38751843 PMCID: PMC11094360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is an important material for Chinese medicines with rosmarinic acid (RA) as its index component. Based on the chromosome-level genome assembly we obtained recently, 51 RA biosynthesis-related genes were identified. Sequence feature, gene expression pattern and phylogenetic relationship analyses showed that 17 of them could be involved in RA biosynthesis. In vitro enzymatic assay showed that PvRAS3 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was higher than caffeoyl-CoA. PvRAS4 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was lower than PvRAS3. UPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses showed the existence of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in P. vulgaris. Generation and analysis of pvras3 homozygous mutants showed significant decrease of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and significant increase of DHPL and pHPL. It suggests that PvRAS3 is the main enzyme catalyzing the condensation of acyl donors and acceptors during RA biosynthesis. The role of PvRAS4 appears minor. The results provide significant information for quality control of P. vulgaris medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Caili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maochang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Xu S, Li F, Zhou F, Li J, Cai S, Yang S, Wang J. Efficient targeted mutagenesis in tetraploid Pogostemon cablin by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic editing system. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae021. [PMID: 38469380 PMCID: PMC10925847 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shike Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaohai Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of the Genuine Southern Medicinal Resources, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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8
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Shi M, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Maoz I, Zhang L, Kai G. Molecular regulation of the key specialized metabolism pathways in medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:510-531. [PMID: 38441295 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants, for example, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. However, in most cases, the availability of these valuable compounds is limited by cellular or organelle barriers or spatio-temporal accumulation patterns within different plant tissues. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites by tightly controlling the expression of biosynthetic genes. Cutting-edge technologies and/or combining multiple strategies and approaches have been applied to elucidate the role of TFs. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the transcription regulation mechanism of representative high-value products and describe the transcriptional regulatory network, and future perspectives are discussed, which will help develop high-yield plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zizhen Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon, LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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9
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Sun M, Zhong X, Zhou L, Liu W, Song R, Huang P, Zeng J. CRISPR/Cas9 revolutionizes Macleaya cordata breeding: a leap in sanguinarine biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae024. [PMID: 38495029 PMCID: PMC10940120 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshan Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Song
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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10
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Das S, Kwon M, Kim JY. Enhancement of specialized metabolites using CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1279738. [PMID: 38450402 PMCID: PMC10915232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1279738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Plants are the richest source of specialized metabolites. The specialized metabolites offer a variety of physiological benefits and many adaptive evolutionary advantages and frequently linked to plant defense mechanisms. Medicinal plants are a vital source of nutrition and active pharmaceutical agents. The production of valuable specialized metabolites and bioactive compounds has increased with the improvement of transgenic techniques like gene silencing and gene overexpression. These techniques are beneficial for decreasing production costs and increasing nutritional value. Utilizing biotechnological applications to enhance specialized metabolites in medicinal plants needs characterization and identification of genes within an elucidated pathway. The breakthrough and advancement of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in improving the production of specific metabolites in medicinal plants have gained significant importance in contemporary times. This article imparts a comprehensive recapitulation of the latest advancements made in the implementation of CRISPR-gene editing techniques for the purpose of augmenting specific metabolites in medicinal plants. We also provide further insights and perspectives for improving metabolic engineering scenarios in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Das
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio R&D Center, Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Rengasamy B, Manna M, Thajuddin NB, Sathiyabama M, Sinha AK. Breeding rice for yield improvement through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method: current technologies and examples. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:185-198. [PMID: 38623165 PMCID: PMC11016042 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The impending climate change is threatening the rice productivity of the Asian subcontinent as instances of crop failures due to adverse abiotic and biotic stress factors are becoming common occurrences. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing offers a potential solution for improving rice yield as well as its stress adaptation. This technology allows modification of plant's genetic elements and is not dependent on foreign DNA/gene insertion for incorporating a particular trait. In this review, we have discussed various CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing tools for gene knockout, gene knock-in, simultaneously disrupting multiple genes by multiplexing, base editing and prime editing the genes. The review here also presents how these genome editing technologies have been employed to improve rice productivity by directly targeting the yield related genes or by indirectly manipulating various abiotic and biotic stress responsive genes. Lately, many countries treat genome-edited crops as non-GMOs because of the absence of foreign DNA in the final product. Thus, genome edited rice plants with improved yield attributes and stress resilience are expected to be accepted by the public and solve food crisis of a major portion of the globe. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01423-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Rengasamy
- Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Nargis Begum Thajuddin
- P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024 India
| | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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12
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Shao J, Peng B, Zhang Y, Yan X, Yao X, Hu X, Li L, Fu X, Zheng H, Tang K. A high-efficient protoplast transient system for screening gene editing elements in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:45. [PMID: 38261110 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A high-efficiency protoplast transient system was devised to screen genome editing elements in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Medicinal plants with high-value pharmaceutical ingredients have attracted research attention due to their beneficial effects on human health. Cell wall-free protoplasts of plants can be used to evaluate the efficiency of genome editing mutagenesis. The capabilities of gene editing in medicinal plants remain to be fully explored owing to their complex genetic background and shortfall of suitable transformation. Here, we took the Salvia miltiorrhiza as a representative example for developing a method to screen favorable gene editing elements with high editing efficiency in medical plants by a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. Results indicated that using the endogenous SmU6.1 of S. miltiorrhiza to drive sgRNA and the plant codon-optimized Cas9 driven by the promoter SlEF1α can enhance the efficiency of editing. In summary, we uncover an efficacious transient method for screening editing elements and shed new light on increasing gene editing efficiency in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bowen Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaojie Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinghao Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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13
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Chen R, Yu J, Yu L, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Chen J, Gao S, Chen X, Li Q, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhang L. The ERF transcription factor LTF1 activates DIR1 to control stereoselective synthesis of antiviral lignans and stress defense in Isatis indigotica roots. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:405-420. [PMID: 38261810 PMCID: PMC10792966 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health. Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant improvement. Here, we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral (-)-lariciresinol glucosides in Isatis indigotica roots, which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2, PLR, and UGT71B2. DIR1 was further identified as the key gene in respoJanuary 2024nse to stresses and was able to trigger stress defenses by mediating the elevation in lignan content. Mechanistically, the phytohormone-responsive ERF transcription factor LTF1 colocalized with DIR1 in the cell periphery of the vascular regions in mature roots and helped resist biotic and abiotic stresses by directly regulating the expression of DIR1. These systematic results suggest that DIR1 as the first common step of the lignan pathway cooperates with PLR and UGT71B2 to stereoselectively synthesize (-)-lariciresinol derived antiviral lignans in I. indigotica roots and is also a part of the LTF1-mediated regulatory network to resist stresses. In conclusion, the LTF1-DIR1 module is an ideal engineering target to improve plant Defenses while increasing the content of valuable lignans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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14
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Krishna TA, Maharajan T, Krishna TA, Ceasar SA. Insights into Metabolic Engineering of Bioactive Molecules in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg: A Traditional Medicinal Herb. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:72-83. [PMID: 37994327 PMCID: PMC10662378 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029251472230921053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are a vital source of bioactive molecules for various drug development processes. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is one of the endangered medicinal plant species well known to the world due to its wide range of therapeutic effects. Many bioactive molecules have been identified from this plant, including many classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, etc. Due to its slow growth, it usually takes 3-5 years to meet commercial medicinal materials for this plant. Also, T. hemsleyanum contains low amounts of specific bioactive compounds, which are challenging to isolate easily. Currently, scientists are attempting to increase bioactive molecules' production from medicinal plants in different ways or to synthesize them chemically. The genomic tools helped to understand medicinal plants' genome organization and led to manipulating genes responsible for various biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic engineering has made it possible to enhance the production of secondary metabolites by introducing manipulated biosynthetic pathways to attain high levels of desirable bioactive molecules. Metabolic engineering is a promising approach for improving the production of secondary metabolites over a short time period. In this review, we have highlighted the scope of various biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering to enhance the production of secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical applications in T. hemsleyanum. Also, we summarized the progress made in metabolic engineering for bioactive molecule enhancement in T. hemsleyanum. It may lead to reducing the destruction of the natural habitat of T. hemsleyanum and conserving them through the cost-effective production of bioactive molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - T. Maharajan
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - T.P. Adarsh Krishna
- Research & Development Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam, 686-662, Kerala, India
| | - S. Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
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15
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Shelake RM, Jadhav AM, Bhosale PB, Kim JY. Unlocking secrets of nature's chemists: Potential of CRISPR/Cas-based tools in plant metabolic engineering for customized nutraceutical and medicinal profiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108070. [PMID: 37816270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant species have evolved diverse metabolic pathways to effectively respond to internal and external signals throughout their life cycle, allowing adaptation to their sessile and phototropic nature. These pathways selectively activate specific metabolic processes, producing plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) governed by genetic and environmental factors. Humans have utilized PSM-enriched plant sources for millennia in medicine and nutraceuticals. Recent technological advances have significantly contributed to discovering metabolic pathways and related genes involved in the biosynthesis of specific PSM in different food crops and medicinal plants. Consequently, there is a growing demand for plant materials rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, marketed as "superfoods". To meet the industrial demand for superfoods and therapeutic PSMs, modern methods such as system biology, omics, synthetic biology, and genome editing (GE) play a crucial role in identifying the molecular players, limiting steps, and regulatory circuitry involved in PSM production. Among these methods, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) is the most widely used system for plant GE due to its simple design, flexibility, precision, and multiplexing capabilities. Utilizing the CRISPR-based toolbox for metabolic engineering (ME) offers an ideal solution for developing plants with tailored preventive (nutraceuticals) and curative (therapeutic) metabolic profiles in an ecofriendly way. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the multifactorial regulation of metabolic pathways, the application of CRISPR-based tools for plant ME, and the potential research areas for enhancing plant metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amol Maruti Jadhav
- Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Nulla Bio Inc, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Shkryl YN, Tchernoded GK, Yugay YA, Grigorchuk VP, Sorokina MR, Gorpenchenko TY, Kudinova OD, Degtyarenko AI, Onishchenko MS, Shved NA, Kumeiko VV, Bulgakov VP. Enhanced Production of Nitrogenated Metabolites with Anticancer Potential in Aristolochia manshuriensis Hairy Root Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11240. [PMID: 37511000 PMCID: PMC10379662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia manshuriensis is a relic liana, which is widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and is endemic to the Manchurian floristic region. Since this plant is rare and slow-growing, alternative sources of its valuable compounds could be explored. Herein, we established hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic loci (rol)B and rolC genes. The accumulation of nitrogenous secondary metabolites significantly improved in transgenic cell cultures. Specifically, the production of magnoflorine reached up to 5.72 mg/g of dry weight, which is 5.8 times higher than the control calli and 1.7 times higher than in wild-growing liana. Simultaneously, the amounts of aristolochic acids I and II, responsible for the toxicity of Aristolochia species, decreased by more than 10 fold. Consequently, the hairy root extracts demonstrated pronounced cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG), cervical cancer cells (HeLa CCL-2), and colon carcinoma (RKO) cells. However, they did not exhibit significant activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Our findings suggest that hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis could be considered for the rational production of valuable A. manshuriensis compounds by the modification of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia A Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeria P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria R Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olesya D Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anton I Degtyarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria S Onishchenko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita A Shved
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Victor P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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17
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Mipeshwaree Devi A, Khedashwori Devi K, Premi Devi P, Lakshmipriyari Devi M, Das S. Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolites: prospects and its technological challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171154. [PMID: 37251773 PMCID: PMC10214965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide range of secondary metabolites that play vital roles for their primary functions such as growth, defence, adaptations or reproduction. Some of the plant secondary metabolites are beneficial to mankind as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Metabolic pathways and their regulatory mechanism are crucial for targeting metabolite engineering. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated system has been widely applied in genome editing with high accuracy, efficiency, and multiplex targeting ability. Besides its vast application in genetic improvement, the technique also facilitates a comprehensive profiling approach to functional genomics related to gene discovery involved in various plant secondary metabolic pathways. Despite these wide applications, several challenges limit CRISPR/Cas system applicability in genome editing in plants. This review highlights updated applications of CRISPR/Cas system-mediated metabolic engineering of plants and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sudripta Das
- Plant Bioresources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
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18
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Sufyan M, Daraz U, Hyder S, Zulfiqar U, Iqbal R, Eldin SM, Rafiq F, Mahmood N, Shahzad K, Uzair M, Fiaz S, Ali I. An overview of genome engineering in plants, including its scope, technologies, progress and grand challenges. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 37022538 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing is a useful, adaptable, and favored technique for both functional genomics and crop enhancement. Over the years, rapidly evolving genome editing technologies, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), have shown broad application prospects in gene function research and improvement of critical agronomic traits in many crops. These technologies have also opened up opportunities for plant breeding. These techniques provide excellent chances for the quick modification of crops and the advancement of plant science in the future. The current review describes various genome editing techniques and how they function, particularly CRISPR/Cas9 systems, which can contribute significantly to the most accurate characterization of genomic rearrangement and plant gene functions as well as the enhancement of critical traits in field crops. To accelerate the use of gene-editing technologies for crop enhancement, the speed editing strategy of gene-family members was designed. As it permits genome editing in numerous biological systems, the CRISPR technology provides a valuable edge in this regard that particularly captures the attention of scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Umar Daraz
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botant, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Farzana Rafiq
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NCEPU, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Mahmood
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19120, Pakistan.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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19
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Liu S, Gao X, Shi M, Sun M, Li K, Cai Y, Chen C, Wang C, Maoz I, Guo X, Kai G. Jasmonic acid regulates the biosynthesis of medicinal metabolites via the JAZ9-MYB76 complex in Salvia miltiorrhiza. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad004. [PMID: 36938574 PMCID: PMC10022484 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays an important role in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. Previous work showed that a JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein, SmJAZ9, acted as a repressor of tanshinone production in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, we revealed that SmJAZ9 reduced both phenolic acid accumulation and related biosynthetic gene expression, confirming that SmJAZ9 also negatively affected phenolic acid biosynthesis. Then, we identified a novel MYB transcription factor, SmMYB76, which interacted with SmJAZ9. SmMYB76 repressed phenolic acid biosynthesis by directly downregulating SmPAL1, Sm4CL2, and SmRAS1. Further investigation demonstrated that JA mediated phenolic acids biosynthesis via SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 complex. Taken together, these findings state the molecular mechanism that SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 regulated phenolic acid biosynthesis at the transcriptional and protein levels, which provided new insights into JA signaling pathway regulating plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chengan Chen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Rd 68, POB 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
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Mitra S, Anand U, Ghorai M, Kant N, Kumar M, Radha, Jha NK, Swamy MK, Proćków J, de la Lastra JMP, Dey A. Genome editing technologies, mechanisms and improved production of therapeutic phytochemicals: Opportunities and prospects. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:82-94. [PMID: 36224758 PMCID: PMC10091730 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a large number of secondary metabolites, known as phytometabolites that may be employed as medicines, dyes, poisons, and insecticides in the field of medicine, agriculture, and industrial use, respectively. The rise of genome management approaches has promised a factual revolution in genetic engineering. Targeted genome editing in living entities permits the understanding of the biological systems very clearly, and also sanctions to address a wide-ranging objective in the direction of improving features of plant and their yields. The last few years have introduced a number of unique genome editing systems, including transcription activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and miRNA-regulated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9). Genome editing systems have helped in the transformation of metabolic engineering, allowing researchers to modify biosynthetic pathways of different secondary metabolites. Given the growing relevance of editing genomes in plant research, the exciting novel methods are briefly reviewed in this chapter. Also, this chapter highlights recent discoveries on the CRISPR-based modification of natural products in different medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicon Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mallappa K Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - José M Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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21
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March of molecular breeding techniques in the genetic enhancement of herbal medicinal plants: present and future prospects. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Xie Z, Zhong C, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhou R, Xie J, Zhang S, Jin J. Genome editing in the edible fungus Poria cocos using CRISPR-Cas9 system integrating genome-wide off-target prediction and detection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966231. [PMID: 36071963 PMCID: PMC9441760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is an important edible and medicinal fungus with a long history. However, the lack of adequate genetic tools has hindered molecular genetic research and the genetic modification of this species. In this study, the endogenous U6 promoters were identified by mining data from the P. cocos genome, and the promoter sequence was used to construct a sgRNA expression vector pFC332-PcU6. Then, the protoplast isolation protocol was developed, and the sgRNA-Cas9 vector was successfully transformed into the cells of P. cocos via PEG/CaCl2-mediated transformation approach. Off-target sites were genome-widely predicted and detected. As a result, the target marker gene ura3 was successfully disrupted by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. This is the first report of genome editing in P. cocos using CRISPR-Cas9 system integrating genome-wide off-target prediction and detection. These data will open up new avenues for the investigation of genetic breeding and commercial production of edible and medicinal fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Xie
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Liu
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Jin,
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23
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Using genome and transcriptome analysis to elucidate biosynthetic pathways. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Guo M, Chen H, Dong S, Zhang Z, Luo H. CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology and its application prospect in medicinal plants. Chin Med 2022; 17:33. [PMID: 35246186 PMCID: PMC8894546 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas gene editing technology has opened a new era of genome interrogation and genome engineering because of its ease operation and high efficiency. An increasing number of plant species have been subjected to site-directed gene editing through this technology. However, the application of CRISPR-Cas technology to medicinal plants is still in the early stages. Here, we review the research history, structural characteristics, working mechanism and the latest derivatives of CRISPR-Cas technology, and discussed their application in medicinal plants for the first time. Furthermore, we creatively put forward the development direction of CRISPR technology applied to medicinal plant gene editing. The aim is to provide a reference for the application of this technology to genome functional studies, synthetic biology, genetic improvement, and germplasm innovation of medicinal plants. CRISPR-Cas is expected to revolutionize medicinal plant biotechnology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Shiels D, Prestwich BD, Koo O, Kanchiswamy CN, O'Halloran R, Badmi R. Hemp Genome Editing—Challenges and Opportunities. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:823486. [PMID: 35187530 PMCID: PMC8847435 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.823486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose crop with many important uses including medicine, fibre, food and biocomposites. This plant is currently gaining prominence and acceptance for its valuable applications. Hemp is grown as a cash crop for its novel cannabinoids which are estimated to be a multibillion-dollar downstream market. Hemp cultivation can play a major role in carbon sequestration with good CO2 to biomass conversion in low input systems and can also improve soil health and promote phytoremediation. The recent advent of genome editing tools to produce non-transgenic genome-edited crops with no trace of foreign genetic material has the potential to overcome regulatory hurdles faced by genetically modified crops. The use of Artificial Intelligence - mediated trait discovery platforms are revolutionizing the agricultural industry to produce desirable crops with unprecedented accuracy and speed. However, genome editing tools to improve the beneficial properties of hemp have not yet been deployed. Recent availability of high-quality Cannabis genome sequences from several strains (cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol balanced and CBD/THC rich strains) have paved the way for improving the production of valuable bioactive molecules for the welfare of humankind and the environment. In this context, the article focuses on exploiting advanced genome editing tools to produce non-transgenic hemp to improve the most industrially desirable traits. The challenges, opportunities and interdisciplinary approaches that can be adopted from existing technologies in other plant species are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Shiels
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Doyle Prestwich
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Roisin O'Halloran
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raghuram Badmi
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Plantedit Pvt Ltd, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Raghuram Badmi,
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Genetic Manipulation and Bioreactor Culture of Plants as a Tool for Industry and Its Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030795. [PMID: 35164060 PMCID: PMC8840042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in interest in the use of transgenic plants as sources of valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. This has been facilitated by the advent of genetic engineering technology with the possibility for direct modification of the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of biologically active compounds. A wide range of research projects have yielded a number of efficient plant systems that produce specific secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins. Furthermore, the use of bioreactors allows production to be increased to industrial scales, which can quickly and cheaply deliver large amounts of material in a short time. The resulting plant production systems can function as small factories, and many of them that are targeted at a specific operation have been patented. This review paper summarizes the key research in the last ten years regarding the use of transgenic plants as small, green biofactories for the bioreactor-based production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins; it simultaneously examines the production of metabolites and recombinant proteins on an industrial scale and presents the current state of available patents in the field.
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27
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Dey A, Nandy S. CRISPER/Cas in Plant Natural Product Research: Therapeutics as Anticancer and other Drug Candidates and Recent Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:460-468. [PMID: 34911411 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210706155602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR- associated9 (Cas9) endonuclease system is a facile, highly efficient and selective site-directed mutagenesis tool for RNA-guided genome-editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing strategy uses designed guide-RNAs that recognizes a 3 base-pair protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target-DNA. CRISPR/Cas-editing tools have mainly been employed in crop plants in relation to yield and stress tolerance. However, the immense potential of this technology has not yet been fully utilized in medicinal plants in deciphering or modulating secondary metabolic pathways producing therapeutically active phytochemicals against cancer and other diseases. OBJECTIVE The present review elucidates the use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a promising genome-editing tool in plants and plant-derived natural products with anticancer and other therapeutic applications. It also includes recent patents on the therapeutic applications of CRISPR-CAS systems implicated to cancer and other human medical conditions. METHODS Popular search engines, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, EMBASE, Mendeley, etc., were searched in order to retrieve literature using relevant keywords viz. CRISPER/Cas, plant natural product research, anticancer, therapeutics, etc., either singly or in various combinations. RESULTS Retrieved citations and further cross-referencing among the literature have resulted in a total number of 71 publications and 3 patents are being cited in this work. Information presented in this review aims to support further biotechnological and clinical strategies to be carried using CRISPER/ Cas mediated optimization of plant natural products against cancer and an array of other human medical conditions. CONCLUSION Off late, knock-in and knock-out, point mutation, controlled tuning of gene-expression and targeted mutagenesis have enabled the versatile CRISPR/Cas-editing device to engineer medicinal plants' genomes. In addition, by combining CRISPR/Cas-editing tool with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and various tools of system biology, many medicinal plants have been engineered genetically to optimize the production of valuable bioactive compounds of industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
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Biswas P, Anand U, Ghorai M, Pandey DK, Jha NK, Behl T, Kumar M, Kumar R, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Unravelling the promise and limitations of CRISPR/Cas system in natural product research: Approaches and challenges. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100507. [PMID: 34882991 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An incredible array of natural products are produced by plants that serve several ecological functions, including protecting them from herbivores and microbes, attracting pollinators, and dispersing seeds. In addition to their obvious medical applications, natural products serve as flavouring agents, fragrances and many other uses by humans. With the increasing demand for natural products and the development of various gene engineering systems, researchers are trying to modify the plant genome to increase the biosynthetic pathway of the compound of interest or blocking the pathway of unwanted compound synthesis. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 has had widespread success in genome editing due to the system's high efficiency, ease of use, and accuracy which revolutionized the genome editing system in living organisms. This article highlights the method of the CRISPR/Cas system, its application in different organisms including microbes, algae, fungi and also higher plants in natural product research, its shortcomings and future prospects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144402, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Radha Kumar
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, 605 008, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
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Singh S, Ramakrishna W. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 in plant-plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria interactions for next Green Revolution. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:492. [PMID: 34840925 PMCID: PMC8590643 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture's beginnings resulted in the domestication of numerous plant species as well as the use of natural resources. Food grain production took about 10,000 years to reach a billion tonnes in 1960, however, it took only 40 years to achieve 2 billion tonnes in year 2000. The creation of genetically modified crops, together with the use of enhanced agronomic practices, resulted in this remarkable increase, dubbed the "Green Revolution". Plants and bacteria that interact with each other in nature are co-evolving, according to Red Queen dynamics. Plant microorganisms, also known as plant microbiota, are an essential component of plant life. Plant-microbe (PM) interactions can be beneficial or harmful to hosts, depending on the health impact. The significance of microbiota in plant growth promotion (PGP) and stress resistance is well known. Our understanding of the community composition of the plant microbiome and important driving forces has advanced significantly. As a result, utilising the plant microbiota is a viable strategy for the next Green Revolution for meeting food demand. The utilisation of newer methods to understand essential genetic and molecular components of the multiple PM interactions is required for their application. The use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas-mediated genome editing (GE) techniques to investigate PM interactions is of tremendous interest. The implementation of GE techniques to boost the ability of microorganisms or plants for agronomic trait development will be enabled by a comprehensive understanding of PM interactions. This review focuses on using GE approaches to investigate the principles of PM interactions, disease resistance, PGP activity, and future implications in agriculture in plants or associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudiksha Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401 India
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Xiang Y, Wang X, Song W, Du J, Yin X. Integrative Omics Analyses Reveal the Effects of Copper Ions on Salvianolic Acid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746117. [PMID: 34745177 PMCID: PMC8567050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids, a group of secondary metabolites produced by Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Copper is recognized as a necessary microelement and plays an essential role in plant growth. At present, the effect of copper on the biosynthesis of SalAs is unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach, coupled with biochemical analyses, was employed to dissect the mechanisms by which copper ions induced the biosynthesis of SalAs. In this study, we identified that a low concentration (5 μM) of copper ions could promote growth of S. miltiorrhiza and the biosynthesis of SalAs. Results of the metabolomics analysis showed that 160 metabolites (90 increased and 70 decreased) were significantly changed in S. miltiorrhiza treated with low concentration of copper ions. The differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were significantly increased in leaves of low concentration of copper-treated S. miltiorrhiza plants. Importantly, core SalA biosynthetic genes (laccases and rosmarinic acid synthase), SalA biosynthesis-related transcription factors (MYBs and zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 33), and chloroplast proteins-encoding genes (blue copper protein and chlorophyll-binding protein) were upregulated in the treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis. Bioinformatics and enzyme activity analyses showed that laccase 20 contained copper-binding motifs, and its activity in low concentration of copper ions-treated S. miltiorrhiza was much higher than that in the control. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of copper ions of the accumulation of SalAs might be through regulating laccase 20, MYBs, and zinc finger transcription factors, and photosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfa Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Zuo X, Li M, Yang X, Zhi J, Sun H, Xie C, Zhang Z, Wang F. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Rehmannia glutinosa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1695-1707. [PMID: 34086068 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we cloned a phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene from Rehmannia glutinosa, and realized RgPDS1 knock out in R. glutinosa resulted in the generation of albino plants. Rehmannia glutinosa is a highly important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with specific pharmacology and economic value. R. glutinosa is a tetraploid plant, to date, no report has been published on gene editing of R. glutinosa. In this study, we combined the transcriptome database of R. glutinosa and the reported phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene sequences to obtain the PDS gene of R. glutinosa. Then, the PDS gene was used as a marker gene to verify the applicability and gene editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in R. glutinosa. The constructed CRISPR/Cas9 system was mediated by Agrobacterium to genetically transform into R. glutinosa, and successfully regenerated fully albino and chimeric albino plants. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the albino phenotype was indeed caused by RgPDS gene target site editing, and it was found that base deletion was more common than insertion or replacement. Our results revealed that zCas9 has a high editing efficiency on the R. glutinosa genome. This research lays a foundation for further use of gene editing technology to study the molecular functions of genes, create excellent germplasm, accelerate domestication, and improve the yield and quality of R. glutinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingming Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingyu Zhi
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Li X, Zuo X, Li M, Yang X, Zhi J, Sun H, Xie C, Zhang Z, Wang F. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Rehmannia glutinosa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 41:277-279. [PMID: 34086068 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we cloned a phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene from Rehmannia glutinosa, and realized RgPDS1 knock out in R. glutinosa resulted in the generation of albino plants. Rehmannia glutinosa is a highly important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with specific pharmacology and economic value. R. glutinosa is a tetraploid plant, to date, no report has been published on gene editing of R. glutinosa. In this study, we combined the transcriptome database of R. glutinosa and the reported phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene sequences to obtain the PDS gene of R. glutinosa. Then, the PDS gene was used as a marker gene to verify the applicability and gene editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in R. glutinosa. The constructed CRISPR/Cas9 system was mediated by Agrobacterium to genetically transform into R. glutinosa, and successfully regenerated fully albino and chimeric albino plants. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that the albino phenotype was indeed caused by RgPDS gene target site editing, and it was found that base deletion was more common than insertion or replacement. Our results revealed that zCas9 has a high editing efficiency on the R. glutinosa genome. This research lays a foundation for further use of gene editing technology to study the molecular functions of genes, create excellent germplasm, accelerate domestication, and improve the yield and quality of R. glutinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingming Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jingyu Zhi
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Kentsop RAD, Iobbi V, Donadio G, Ruffoni B, De Tommasi N, Bisio A. Abietane Diterpenoids from the Hairy Roots of Salvia corrugata. Molecules 2021; 26:5144. [PMID: 34500582 PMCID: PMC8434070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia corrugata Vahl. is an interesting source of abietane and abeo-abietane compounds that showed antibacterial, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. The aim of the study was to obtain transformed roots of S. corrugata and to evaluate the production of terpenoids in comparison with in vivo root production. Hairy roots were initiated from leaf explants by infection with ATCC 15834 Agrobacterium rhizogenes onto hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium. Transformation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of rolC and virC1 genes. The biomass production was obtained in hormone-free liquid MS medium using Temporary Immersion System bioreactor RITA®. The chromatographic separation of the methanolic extract of the untransformed roots afforded horminone, ferruginol, 7-O-acetylhorminone and 7-O-methylhorminone. Agastol and ferruginol were isolated and quantified from the hairy roots. The amount of these metabolites indicated that the hairy roots of S. corrugata can be considered a source of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo Arago Dougué Kentsop
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura—CREA Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso degli Inglesi, 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura—CREA Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso degli Inglesi, 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (R.A.D.K.); (V.I.)
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Song Z, Li X. Recent Advances in Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Quality Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:867-875. [PMID: 32351179 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200430121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), reflected by its bioactive compounds and associated contents, is directly linked to its clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve the quality of TCM by increasing the bioactive compound content. METHODS Mapping the active component content-associated QTLs in TCM and further markerassisted breeding has enabled us to rapidly and effectively cultivate new varieties with high bioactive compound contents, which has opened the door for genetic breeding studies on medicinal plants. RESULTS In this paper, a strategy and technical molecular breeding method for TCM are discussed. The development of four methods and progress in functional marker development, as well as the applications of such markers in TCM, are reviewed. CONCLUSION The progress in, challenges of, and future of marker-assisted breeding for quality improvement of TCM are discussed, which provide valuable scientific references for future molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Hesami M, Baiton A, Alizadeh M, Pepe M, Torkamaneh D, Jones AMP. Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5671. [PMID: 34073522 PMCID: PMC8197860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Austin Baiton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Milad Alizadeh
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase SmPHA4 Negatively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073353. [PMID: 33805926 PMCID: PMC8037235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H+-ATPase gene family in S. miltiorrhiza (Sm). Here, nine PM H+-ATPase isoforms were identified and named SmPHA1-SmPHA9. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance of SmPHAs was relatively far in the S. miltiorrhiza PM H+-ATPase family. Moreover, the transmembrane structures were rich in SmPHA protein. In addition, SmPHA4 was found to be highly expressed in roots and flowers. HPLC revealed that accumulation of dihydrotanshinone (DT), cryptotanshinone (CT), and tanshinone I (TI) was significantly reduced in the SmPHA4-OE lines but was increased in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines, ranging from 2.54 to 3.52, 3.77 to 6.33, and 0.35 to 0.74 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that SmPHA4 is a candidate regulator of tanshinone metabolites. Moreover, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of tanshinone biosynthetic-related key enzymes was also upregulated in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines. In summary, this study highlighted PM H+-ATPase function and provided new insights into regulatory candidate genes for modulating secondary metabolism biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Balestrini R, Brunetti C, Cammareri M, Caretto S, Cavallaro V, Cominelli E, De Palma M, Docimo T, Giovinazzo G, Grandillo S, Locatelli F, Lumini E, Paolo D, Patanè C, Sparvoli F, Tucci M, Zampieri E. Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2887. [PMID: 33809189 PMCID: PMC7999214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with the environment and are part of the plant defense response. These natural products are volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving from primary metabolic pathways and rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation of plants to environmental cues. Specialized metabolites include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents and pharmaceutical compounds. This review will be focused on Mediterranean crop plants as a source of SMs, with a special attention on the strategies that can be used to modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, interaction with beneficial soil microorganisms and novel genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Sofia Caretto
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Erica Lumini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Dario Paolo
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Patanè
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Elisa Zampieri
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
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Tiwari P, Khare T, Shriram V, Bae H, Kumar V. Plant synthetic biology for producing potent phyto-antimicrobials to combat antimicrobial resistance. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 48:107729. [PMID: 33705914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobial drugs in human health, hygiene, agriculture, animal husbandry and food industries has contributed significantly to rapid emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the serious global public health threats. The crisis of AMR versus slower discovery of newer antibiotics put forth a daunting task to control these drug-resistant superbugs. Several phyto-antimicrobials have been identified in recent years with direct-killing (bactericidal) and/or drug-resistance reversal (re-sensitization of AMR phenotypes) potencies. Phyto-antimicrobials may hold the key in combating AMR owing to their abilities to target major microbial drug-resistance determinants including cell membrane, drug-efflux pumps, cell communication and biofilms. However, limited distribution, low intracellular concentrations, eco-geographical variations, beside other considerations like dynamic environments, climate change and over-exploitation of plant-resources are major blockades in full potential exploration phyto-antimicrobials. Synthetic biology (SynBio) strategies integrating metabolic engineering, RNA-interference, genome editing/engineering and/or systems biology approaches using plant chassis (as engineerable platforms) offer prospective tools for production of phyto-antimicrobials. With expanding SynBio toolkit, successful attempts towards introduction of entire gene cluster, reconstituting the metabolic pathway or transferring an entire metabolic (or synthetic) pathway into heterologous plant systems highlight the potential of this field. Through this perspective review, we are presenting herein the current situation and options for addressing AMR, emphasizing on the significance of phyto-antimicrobials in this apparently post-antibiotic era, and effective use of plant chassis for phyto-antimicrobial production at industrial scales along with major SynBio tools and useful databases. Current knowledge, recent success stories, associated challenges and prospects of translational success are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Molecular Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Commerce and Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Molecular Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411016, India; Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
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Zeng L, Zhang Q, Jiang C, Zheng Y, Zuo Y, Qin J, Liao Z, Deng H. Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041731. [PMID: 33572199 PMCID: PMC7915368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atropa belladonna L. is one of the most important herbal plants that produces hyoscyamine or atropine, and it also produces anisodamine and scopolamine. However, the in planta hyoscyamine content is very low, and it is difficult and expensive to independently separate hyoscyamine from the tropane alkaloids in A. belladonna. Therefore, it is vital to develop A. belladonna plants with high yields of hyoscyamine, and without anisodamine and scopolamine. In this study, we generated A. belladonna plants without anisodamine and scopolamine, via the CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (AbH6H), for the first time. Hyoscyamine production was significantly elevated, while neither anisodamine nor scopolamine were produced, in the A. belladonna plants with homozygous mutations in AbH6H. In summary, new varieties of A. belladonna with high yields of hyoscyamine and without anisodamine and scopolamine have great potential applicability in producing hyoscyamine at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiang Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiaozhuo Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunxue Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youwei Zuo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianbo Qin
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China;
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (H.D.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-68367146 (Z.L.); +86-23-68367146 (H.D.)
| | - Hongping Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (L.Z.); (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (H.D.); Tel./Fax: +86-23-68367146 (Z.L.); +86-23-68367146 (H.D.)
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Pramanik D, Shelake RM, Kim MJ, Kim JY. CRISPR-Mediated Engineering across the Central Dogma in Plant Biology for Basic Research and Crop Improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:127-150. [PMID: 33152519 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma (CD) of molecular biology is the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Major CD processes governing genetic flow include the cell cycle, DNA replication, chromosome packaging, epigenetic changes, transcription, posttranscriptional alterations, translation, and posttranslational modifications. The CD processes are tightly regulated in plants to maintain genetic integrity throughout the life cycle and to pass genetic materials to next generation. Engineering of various CD processes involved in gene regulation will accelerate crop improvement to feed the growing world population. CRISPR technology enables programmable editing of CD processes to alter DNA, RNA, or protein, which would have been impossible in the past. Here, an overview of recent advancements in CRISPR tool development and CRISPR-based CD modulations that expedite basic and applied plant research is provided. Furthermore, CRISPR applications in major thriving areas of research, such as gene discovery (allele mining and cryptic gene activation), introgression (de novo domestication and haploid induction), and application of desired traits beneficial to farmers or consumers (biotic/abiotic stress-resilient crops, plant cell factories, and delayed senescence), are described. Finally, the global regulatory policies, challenges, and prospects for CRISPR-mediated crop improvement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Zhou Z, Li Q, Xiao L, Wang Y, Feng J, Bu Q, Xiao Y, Hao K, Guo M, Chen W, Zhang L. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of Laccase Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Revealed Their Roles in Growth, Development, and Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647768. [PMID: 33815454 PMCID: PMC8014014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper-containing glycoproteins related to monolignol oxidation and polymerization. These properties indicate that laccases may be involved in the formation of important medicinal phenolic acid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is used for cardiovascular disease treatment. To date, 29 laccases have been found in S. miltiorrhiza (SmLACs), and some of which (SmLAC7 and SmLAC20) have been reported to influence the synthesis of phenolic acids. Because of the functional redundancy of laccase genes, their roles in S. miltiorrhiza are poorly understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for targeting conserved domains to knockout multiple genes of laccase family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expressions of target laccase genes as well as the phenolic acid biosynthesis key genes decrease dramatically in editing lines. Additionally, the growth and development of hairy roots was significantly retarded in the gene-edited lines. The cross-sections examination of laccase mutant hairy roots showed that the root development was abnormal and the xylem cells in the edited lines became larger and looser than those in the wild type. Additionally, the accumulation of RA as well as SAB was decreased, and the lignin content was nearly undetectable. It suggested that SmLACs play key roles in development and lignin formation in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and they are necessary for phenolic acids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Feng
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qitao Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meili Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meili Guo,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Zhang,
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Dey A. CRISPR/Cas genome editing to optimize pharmacologically active plant natural products. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105359. [PMID: 33285226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, human use medicinal plants as sources of food, therapy and industrial purpose. Classical biotechnology and recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been successfully used to optimize plant-derived natural-products of biomedical significance. Earlier, protein based editing tools viz. zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs) have been popularized for transcriptional level genome manipulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9 (Cas9) endonuclease system is an efficient, robust and selective site-directed mutagenesis strategy for RNA-guided genome-editing. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tool employs designed guide-RNAs that identifies a 3 base-pair protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence occurring downstream of the target-DNA. The present review comprehensively complies the recent literature (2010-2020) retrieved from scientific-databases on the application of CRISPR/Cas9-editing-tools as potent genome-editing strategies in medicinal-plants discussing the recent developments, challenges and future-perspectives with notes on broader applicability of the technique in plants and lower-organisms. In plants, CRISPR/Cas-editing has been implemented successfully in relation to crop-yield and stress-tolerance. However, very few medicinal plants have been edited using CRISPR/Cas genome tool owing to the lack of whole-genome and mRNA-sequences and shortfall of suitable transformation and regeneration strategies. However, recently a number of plant secondary metabolic-pathways (viz. alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoids, phenolic, saponin etc.) have been engineered employing CRISPR/Cas-editing via knock-out, knock-in, point-mutation, fine-tuning of gene-expression and targeted-mutagenesis. This genome-editing tool further extends its applicability incorporating the tools of synthetic- and systems-biology, functional-genomics and NGS to produce genetically-engineered medicinal-crops with advanced-traits facilitating the production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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Plant Polyphenols-Biofortified Foods as a Novel Tool for the Prevention of Human Gut Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121225. [PMID: 33287404 PMCID: PMC7761854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant food biofortification is recently receiving remarkable attention, as it aims to increase the intake of minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants, crucial for their contribution to the general human health status and disease prevention. In this context, the study of the plant’s secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, plays a pivotal role for the development of a new generation of plant crops, compensating, at least in part, the low nutritional quality of Western diets with a higher quality of dietary sources. Due to the prevalent immunomodulatory activity at the intestinal level, polyphenols represent a nutritionally relevant class of plant secondary metabolites. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different classes of polyphenols with a specific attention to their potential in the prevention of intestinal pathological processes. We also discuss the latest biotechnology strategies and new advances of genomic techniques as a helpful tool for polyphenols biofortification and the development of novel, healthy dietary alternatives that can contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Deng C, Wang Y, Huang F, Lu S, Zhao L, Ma X, Kai G. SmMYB2 promotes salvianolic acid biosynthesis in the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1688-1702. [PMID: 32343491 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and metabolism. The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) promotes phenolic acid accumulation in the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, but the regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene SmMYB2 from a transcriptome library produced from MeJA-treated S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. SmMYB2 expression was tightly correlated with the expression of key salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes including CYP98A14. SmMYB2 was highly expressed in the periderm of S. miltiorrhiza and SmMYB2 localized to the nucleus. Overexpressing SmMYB2 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the levels of salvianolic acids (including rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B) by upregulating salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes such as CYP98A14. SmMYB2 binds to the MYB-binding motifs in the promoter of CYP98A14, as confirmed by a dual-luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Anthocyanin contents were significantly higher in SmMYB2-overexpressing hairy root lines than the control, primarily due to the increased expression of CHI, DFR, and ANS. These findings reveal the novel regulatory role of SmMYB2 in MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis, providing a useful target gene for metabolic engineering and shedding light on the salvianolic acid regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Deng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Sunjie Lu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Zhou Z, Tan H, Li Q, Li Q, Wang Y, Bu Q, Li Y, Wu Y, Chen W, Zhang L. TRICHOME AND ARTEMISININ REGULATOR 2 positively regulates trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:932-945. [PMID: 32589757 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) are regarded as biofactories for synthesizing, storing, and secreting artemisinin. It is necessary to figure out the initiation and development regulatory mechanism of GSTs to cultivate high-yielding Artemisia annua. Here, we identified an MYB transcription factor, AaTAR2, from bioinformatics analysis of the A. annua genome database and Arabidopsis trichome development-related genes. AaTAR2 is mainly expressed in young leaves and located in the nucleus. Repression and overexpression of AaTAR2 resulted in a decrease and increase, respectively, in the GSTs numbers, leaf biomass, and the artemisinin content in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics changed obviously in trichomes, suggesting AaTAR2 plays a key role in trichome formation. In addition, the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and total flavonoid content increased dramatically in AaTAR2-overexpressing transgenic plants. Owing to flavonoids possibly counteracting emerging resistance to artemisinin in Plasmodium species, AaTAR2 is a potential target to improve the effect of artemisinin in clinical therapy. Taken together, AaTAR2 positively regulates trichome development and artemisinin and flavonoid biosynthesis. A better understanding of this 'multiple functions' transcription factor may enable enhanced artemisinin and flavonoids yield. AaTAR2 is a potential breeding target for cultivating high-quality A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Hexin Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200003, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qitao Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Yaoxin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200003, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,, 200433, China
- Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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Sabzehzari M, Zeinali M, Naghavi MR. CRISPR-based metabolic editing: Next-generation metabolic engineering in plants. Gene 2020; 759:144993. [PMID: 32717311 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants generate many secondary metabolites, so called phyto-metabolites, which can be used as toxins, dyes, drugs, and insecticides in bio-warfare plus bio-terrorism, industry, medicine, and agriculture, respectively. To 2013, the first generation metabolic engineering approaches like miRNA-based manipulation were widely adopted by researchers in biosciences. However, the discovery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome editing system revolutionized metabolic engineering due to its unique features so that scientists could manipulate the biosynthetic pathways of phyto-metabolites through approaches like miRNA-mediated CRISPR-Cas9. According to the increasing importance of the genome editing in plant sciences, we discussed the current findings on CRISPR-based manipulation of phyto-metabolites in plants, especially medicinal ones, and suggested the ideas to phyto-metabolic editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabzehzari
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Zeinali
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran.
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Deng C, Shi M, Fu R, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Ma X, Kai G. ABA-responsive transcription factor bZIP1 is involved in modulating biosynthesis of phenolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5948-5962. [PMID: 32589719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are major bioactive ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which possess pharmacological activities with great market demand. However, transcriptional regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Here, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) named SmbZIP1 was screened from the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced transcriptome library. Overexpression of SmbZIP1 positively promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis by enhancing expression of biosynthetic genes such as cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H1). Furthermore, biochemical experiments revealed that SmbZIP1 bound the G-Box-like1 element in the promoter of the C4H1 gene. Meanwhile, SmbZIP1 inhibited accumulation of tanshinones mainly by suppressing the expression of biosynthetic genes including geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) which was confirmed as a target gene by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, the phenolic acid content was reduced and tanshinone was enhanced in CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9]-mediated knockout lines. In addition, the previously reported positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis, SmERF1L1, was found to be inhibited in SmbZIP1 overexpression lines indicated by RNA sequencing, and was proven to be the target of SmbZIP1. In summary, this work uncovers a novel regulator and deepens our understanding of the transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis, and also sheds new light on metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Deng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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Sandhya D, Jogam P, Allini VR, Abbagani S, Alok A. The present and potential future methods for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 components in plants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32638190 PMCID: PMC7340682 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is a DNA manipulation tool for trait improvement. This technology has been demonstrated and successfully applied to edit the genome in various species of plants. The delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components within rigid plant cells is very crucial for high editing efficiency. Here, we insight the strengths and weaknesses of each method of delivery. MAIN TEXT The mutation efficiency of genome editing may vary and affected by different factors. Out of various factors, the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into cells and genome is vital. The way of delivery defines whether the edited plant is transgenic or transgene-free. In many countries, the transgenic approach of improvement is a significant limitation in the regulatory approval of genetically modified crops. Gene editing provides an opportunity for generating transgene-free edited genome of the plant. Nevertheless, the mode of delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 component is of crucial importance for genome modification in plants. Different delivery methods such as Agrobacterium-mediated, bombardment or biolistic method, floral-dip, and PEG-mediated protoplast are frequently applied to crops for efficient genome editing. CONCLUSION We have reviewed different delivery methods with prons and cons for genome editing in plants. A novel nanoparticle and pollen magnetofection-mediated delivery systems which would be very useful in the near future. Further, the factors affecting editing efficiency, such as the promoter, transformation method, and selection pressure, are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulam Sandhya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana India
| | - Phanikanth Jogam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana India
| | | | | | - Anshu Alok
- Department of Biotechnology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Han L, Zhang M, Xing Z, Coleman DN, Liang Y, Loor JJ, Yang G. Knockout of butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1 ( BTN1A1) alters lipid droplet formation and phospholipid composition in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32637097 PMCID: PMC7333294 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk lipids originate from cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LD) that are synthesized and secreted from mammary epithelial cells by a unique membrane-envelopment process. Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) is one of the membrane proteins that surrounds LD, but its role in bovine mammary lipid droplet synthesis and secretion is not well known. Methods The objective was to knockout BTN1A1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate LD formation, abundance of lipogenic enzymes, and content of cell membrane phospholipid (PL) species. Average LD diameter was determined via Oil Red O staining, and profiling of cell membrane phospholipid species via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Lentivirus-mediated infection of the Cas9/sgRNA expression vector into BMEC resulted in production of a homozygous clone BTN1A1(−/−). The LD size and content decreased following BTN1A1 gene knockout. The mRNA abundance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) was downregulated in the BTN1A1(−/−) clone. Subcellular analyses indicated that BTN1A1 and LD were co-localized in the cytoplasm. BTN1A1 gene knockout increased the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC), which resulted in a lower PC/PE ratio. Conclusions Results suggest that BTN1A1 plays an important role in regulating LD synthesis via a mechanism involving membrane phospholipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Zhiyang Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
| | - Danielle N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 PR China
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50
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Hao X, Pu Z, Cao G, You D, Zhou Y, Deng C, Shi M, Nile SH, Wang Y, Zhou W, Kai G. Tanshinone and salvianolic acid biosynthesis are regulated by SmMYB98 in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. J Adv Res 2020; 23:1-12. [PMID: 32071787 PMCID: PMC7016019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an herb rich in bioactive tanshinone and salvianolic acid compounds. It is primarily used as an effective medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolic acids are a series of terpenoids and phenolic compounds, respectively. However, the regulation mechanism for the simultaneous promotion of tanshinone and salvianolic acid biosynthesis remains unclear. This study identified a R2R3-MYB subgroup 20 transcription factor (TF), SmMYB98, which was predominantly expressed in S. miltiorrhiza lateral roots. The accumulation of major bioactive metabolites, tanshinones, and salvianolic acids, was improved in SmMYB98 overexpression (OE) hairy root lines, but reduced in SmMYB98 knockout (KO) lines. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcriptional expression levels of tanshinone and salvianolic acid biosynthesis genes were upregulated by SmMYB98-OE and downregulated by SmMYB98-KO. Dual-Luciferase (Dual-LUC) assays demonstrated that SmMYB98 significantly activated the transcription of SmGGPPS1, SmPAL1, and SmRAS1. These results suggest that SmMYB98-OE can promote tanshinone and salvianolic acid production. The present findings illustrate the exploitation of R2R3-MYB in terpenoid and phenolic biosynthesis, as well as provide a feasible strategy for improving tanshinone and salvianolic acid contents by MYB proteins in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Key Words
- 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase
- AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
- C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase
- CDP-ME, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
- CDP-MEP, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate
- CMK, 4-(cytidine5-diphospho)-2-C-methylerythritol kinase
- CPP, copalyldiphesphate
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- DXP, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate
- DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
- DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase
- G3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate
- HDR, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase
- HDS, hydroxy-methybutenyl-4-diphosphate synthase
- HMB-PP, (E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate
- HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
- HMGS, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
- HPPR, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- IPPI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase
- MCT, MEP cytidyl-transferase
- MDC, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MDS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase
- MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
- MEcPP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate
- MK, mevalonate kinase
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVAP, mevalonate-5-phosphate
- MVAPP, mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate
- Metabolic engineering
- PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PMK, phosphomevalonate kinase
- Plant secondary metabolism
- R2R3-MYB transcription factor
- RAS, rosmarinic acid synthase
- TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Transcriptional regulation
- ent-CPP, ent-Copalyldiphesphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Pu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Dawei You
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Changping Deng
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
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