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Varberg KM, Moreno-Irusta A, Novoa A, Musser B, Varberg JM, Goering JP, Saadi I, Iqbal K, Okae H, Arima T, Williams J, Pisarska MD, Soares MJ. Leveraging chorionic villus biopsies for the derivation of patient-specific trophoblast stem cells. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2022.12.07.22283218. [PMID: 39108523 PMCID: PMC11302605 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.07.22283218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Human trophoblast stem (TS) cells are an informative in vitro model for the generation and testing of biologically meaningful hypotheses. The goal of this project was to derive patient-specific TS cell lines from clinically available chorionic villus sampling biopsies. Cell outgrowths were captured from human chorionic villus tissue specimens cultured in modified human TS cell medium. Cell colonies emerged early during the culture and cell lines were established and passaged for several generations. Karyotypes of the newly established chorionic villus-derived trophoblast stem (TS CV ) cell lines were determined and compared to initial genetic diagnoses from freshly isolated chorionic villi. Phenotypes of TSCV cells in the stem state and following differentiation were compared to cytotrophoblast-derived TS (TS CT ) cells. TSCV and TSCT cells uniformly exhibited similarities in the stem state and following differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast cells. Chorionic villus tissue specimens provide a valuable source for TS cell derivation. They expand the genetic diversity of available TS cells and are associated with defined clinical outcomes. TSCV cell lines provide a new set of experimental tools for investigating trophoblast cell lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela M. Varberg
- 1nstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ayelen Moreno-Irusta
- 1nstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Allynson Novoa
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brynne Musser
- 1nstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | | | - Jeremy P. Goering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- 1nstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - John Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Margareta D. Pisarska
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael J. Soares
- 1nstitute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Chen Y, Ye Z, Lin M, Zhu L, Xu L, Wang X. Deciphering the Epigenetic Landscape: Placental Development and Its Role in Pregnancy Outcomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:996-1014. [PMID: 38457061 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The placenta stands out as a unique, transitory, and multifaceted organ, essential to the optimal growth and maturation of the fetus. Functioning as a vital nexus between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems, it oversees the critical exchange of nutrients and waste. This exchange is facilitated by placental cells, known as trophoblasts, which adeptly invade and remodel uterine blood vessels. Deviations in placental development underpin a slew of pregnancy complications, notably fetal growth restriction (FGR), preeclampsia (PE), recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), and preterm birth. Central to placental function and development is epigenetic regulation. Despite its importance, the intricate mechanisms by which epigenetics influence the placenta are not entirely elucidated. Recently, the scientific community has turned its focus to parsing out the epigenetic alterations during placental development, such as variations in promoter DNA methylation, genomic imprints, and shifts in non-coding RNA expression. By establishing correlations between epigenetic shifts in the placenta and pregnancy complications, researchers are unearthing invaluable insights into the biology and pathophysiology of these conditions. This review seeks to synthesize the latest findings on placental epigenetic regulation, spotlighting its crucial role in shaping fetal growth trajectories and development. Through this lens, we underscore the overarching significance of the placenta in the larger narrative of gestational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhoujie Ye
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meijia Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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Zhong W, Shen K, Xue X, Wang W, Wang W, Zuo H, Guo Y, Yao S, Sun M, Song C, Wang Q, Ruan Z, Yao X, Shang W. Single-cell multi-omics sequencing reveals chromosome copy number inconsistency between trophectoderm and inner cell mass in human reconstituted embryos after spindle transfer. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2137-2153. [PMID: 37766497 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the chromosome copy number of the trophectoderm (TE) of a human reconstituted embryos after spindle transfer (ST) representative of the inner cell mass (ICM)? SUMMARY ANSWER Single-cell multi-omics sequencing revealed that ST blastocysts have a higher proportion of cell lineages exhibiting intermediate mosaicism than conventional ICSI blastocysts, and that the TE of ST blastocysts does not represent the chromosome copy number of ICM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) assumes that TE biopsies are representative of the ICM, but the TE and ICM originate from different cell lineages, and concordance between TE and ICM is not well-studied, especially in ST embryos. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We recruited 30 infertile women who received treatment at our clinic and obtained 45 usable blastocysts (22 from conventional ICSI and 23 reconstituted embryos after ST). We performed single-cell multi-omics sequencing on all blastocysts to predict and verify copy number variations (CNVs) in each cell. We determined the chromosome copy number of each embryo by analysing the proportion of abnormal cells in each blastocyst. We used the Bland-Altman concordance and the Kappa test to evaluate the concordance between TE and ICM in the both groups. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was conducted at a public tertiary hospital in China, where all the embryo operations, including oocytes retrieval, ST, and ICSI, were performed in the embryo laboratory. We utilized single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology at the Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, to analyse the blastocysts. Transcriptome sequencing was used to predict the CNV of each cell through bioinformatics analysis, and the results were validated using the DNA methylation library of each cell to confirm chromosomal normalcy. We conducted statistical analysis and graphical plotting using R 4.2.1, SPSS 27, and GraphPad Prism 9.3. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mean age of the volunteers, the blastocyst morphology, and the developmental ratewere similar in ST and ICSI groups. The blastocysts in the ST group had some additional chromosomal types that were prone to variations beyond those enriched in the blastocysts of the ICSI group. Finally, both Bland-Altman concordance test and kappa concordancetest showed good chromosomal concordance between TE and ICM in the ICSI blastocysts (kappa = 0.659, P < 0.05), but not in ST blastocysts (P = 1.000), suggesting that the TE in reconstituted embryos is not representative of ICM. Gene functional annotation (GO and KEGG analyses) suggests that there may be new or additional pathways for CNV generation in ST embryos compared to ICSI embryos. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was mainly limited by the small sample size and the limitations of single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology. To select eligible single cells, some cells of the embryos were eliminated or not labelled, resulting in a loss of information about them. The findings of this study are innovative and exploratory. A larger sample size of human embryos (especially ST embryos) and more accurate molecular genetics techniques for detecting CNV in single cells are needed to validate our results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study justifies the routine clinical use of PGT-A in ICSI blastocysts, as we found that the TE is a good substitute for ICM in predicting chromosomal abnormalities. While PGT-A is not entirely accurate, our data demonstrate good clinical feasibility. This trial was able to provide correct genetic counselling to patients regarding the reliability of PGT-A. Regarding ST blastocysts, the increased mosaicism rate and the inability of the TE to represent the chromosomal copy number of the ICM are both biological characteristics that differentiate them from ICSI blastocysts. Currently, ST is not used clinically on a large scale to produce blastocysts. However, if ST becomes more widely used in the future, our study will be the first to demonstrate that the use of PGT-A in ST blastocysts may not be as accurate as PGT-A for ICSI blastocysts. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0107601) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1003003). The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Shen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Xue
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Biological Science, Dietrich School Of Art and Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Navy Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qihang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolin Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Brockway HM, Wilson SL, Kallapur SG, Buhimschi CS, Muglia LJ, Jones HN. Characterization of methylation profiles in spontaneous preterm birth placental villous tissue. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279991. [PMID: 36952446 PMCID: PMC10035933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global public health crisis which results in significant neonatal and maternal mortality. Yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth, and we have few diagnostic markers for adequate assessment of placental development and function. Previous studies of placental pathology and our transcriptomics studies suggest a role for placental maturity in idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth. It is known that placental DNA methylation changes over gestation. We hypothesized that if placental hypermaturity is present in our samples, we would observe a unique idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth DNA methylation profile potentially driving the gene expression differences we previously identified in our placental samples. Our results indicate the idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth DNA methylation pattern mimics the term birth methylation pattern suggesting hypermaturity. Only seven significant differentially methylated regions fitting the idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth specific (relative to the controls) profile were identified, indicating unusually high similarity in DNA methylation between idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth and term birth samples. We identified an additional 1,718 significantly methylated regions in our gestational age matched controls where the idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth DNA methylation pattern mimics the term birth methylation pattern, again indicating a striking level of similarity between the idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth and term birth samples. Pathway analysis of these regions revealed differences in genes within the WNT and Cadherin signaling pathways, both of which are essential in placental development and maturation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth samples display a hypermature methylation signature than expected given their respective gestational age which likely impacts birth timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Brockway
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhas G. Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catalin S. Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Helen N. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Qin M, Chen W, Hua L, Meng Y, Wang J, Li H, Yang R, Yan L, Qiao J. DNA methylation abnormalities induced by advanced maternal age in villi prime a high-risk state for spontaneous abortion. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 36945044 PMCID: PMC10029192 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced maternal age (AMA) has increased in many high-income countries in recent decades. AMA is generally associated with a higher risk of various pregnancy complications, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In the current study, we profiled the DNA methylome of 24 human chorionic villi samples (CVSs) from early pregnancies in AMA and young maternal age (YMA), 11 CVSs from early spontaneous abortion (SA) cases using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and the transcriptome of 10 CVSs from AMA and YMA pregnancies with mRNA sequencing(mRNA-seq). Single-cell villous transcriptional atlas presented expression patterns of targeted AMA-/SA-related genes. Trophoblast cellular impairment was investigated through the knockdown of GNE expression in HTR8-S/Vneo cells. RESULTS AMA-induced local DNA methylation changes, defined as AMA-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs), may be derived from the abnormal expression of genes involved in DNA demethylation, such as GADD45B. These DNA methylation changes were significantly enriched in the processes involved in NOTCH signaling and extracellular matrix organization and were reflected in the transcriptional alterations in the corresponding biological processes and specific genes. Furthermore, the DNA methylation level of special AMA-related DMRs not only significantly changed in AMA but also showed more excessive defects in CVS from spontaneous abortion (SA), including four AMA-related DMRs whose nearby genes overlapped with AMA-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (CDK11A, C19orf71, COL5A1, and GNE). The decreased DNA methylation level of DMR near GNE was positively correlated with the downregulated expression of GNE in AMA. Single-cell atlas further revealed comparatively high expression of GNE in the trophoblast lineage, and knockdown of GNE in HTR8-S/Vneo cells significantly impaired cellular proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION Our study provides valuable resources for investigating AMA-induced epigenetic abnormalities and provides new insights for explaining the increased risks of pregnancy complications in AMA pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lingyue Hua
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hanna Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191 China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, 100871 China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
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Than NG, Posta M, Györffy D, Orosz L, Orosz G, Rossi SW, Ambrus-Aikelin G, Szilágyi A, Nagy S, Hupuczi P, Török O, Tarca AL, Erez O, Papp Z, Romero R. Early pathways, biomarkers and four distinct molecular subclasses of preeclampsia: The intersection of clinical, pathological and high dimensional biology studies. Placenta 2022; 125:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhou Q, Xiong Y, Qu B, Bao A, Zhang Y. DNA Methylation and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Mysterious Compass? Front Immunol 2021; 12:738962. [PMID: 34745108 PMCID: PMC8566749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common and severe pathological pregnancy, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. With the development of epigenetics, the study of DNA methylation, provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis and therapy of RPL. The abnormal DNA methylation of imprinted genes, placenta-specific genes, immune-related genes and sperm DNA may, directly or indirectly, affect embryo implantation, growth and development, leading to the occurrence of RPL. In addition, the unique immune tolerogenic microenvironment formed at the maternal-fetal interface has an irreplaceable effect on the maintenance of pregnancy. In view of these, changes in the cellular components of the maternal-fetal immune microenvironment and the regulation of DNA methylation have attracted a lot of research interest. This review summarizes the research progress of DNA methylation involved in the occurrence of RPL and the regulation of the maternal-fetal immune microenvironment. The review provides insights into the personalized diagnosis and treatment of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Qu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ozmen A, Kipmen-Korgun D, Isenlik BS, Erman M, Sakinci M, Berkkanoglu M, Coetzee K, Ozgur K, Cetindag E, Yanar K, Korgun ET. Does fresh or frozen embryo transfer affect imprinted gene expressions in human term placenta? Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151694. [PMID: 33571695 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our research aimed to compare the epigenetic alterations between placentae of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients and spontaneous pregnancies. Additionally, the expression levels of proliferation markers (PCNA, Ki67) and glucose transporter proteins (GLUT1, GLUT3) were assessed in control and IVF placentae to examine the possible consequences of epigenetic alterations on placental development. Control group placentae were obtained from spontaneous pregnancies of healthy women (n = 16). IVF placentae were obtained from fresh (n = 16) and frozen (n = 16) embryo transfer pregnancies. A group of maternal and paternal imprint genes H19, IGF2, IGF2, IGF2R, PHLDA2, PLAGL1, MASH2, GRB10, PEG1, PEG3, and PEG10 were detected by Real-Time PCR. Additionally, PCNA, Ki67, GLUT1, and GLUT3 protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In the fresh embryo transfer placenta group (fETP), gene expression of paternal PEG1 and PEG10 was upregulated compared with the control group. Increased gene expression in paternal PEG1 and maternal IGFR2 genes was detected in the frozen embryo transfer placenta group (FET) compared with the control group. Conversely, expression levels of H19 and IGF2 genes were downregulated in the FET group. On the other hand, GLUT3 and PCNA expression was increased in FET group placentae. IVF techniques affect placental imprinted gene expressions which are important for proper placental development. Imprinted genes are differently expressed in fresh ET placentae and frozen ET placentae. In conclusion, these data indicate that altered imprinted gene expression may affect glucose transport and cell proliferation, therefore play an important role in placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ozmen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dijle Kipmen-Korgun
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bekir Sitki Isenlik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Munire Erman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sakinci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Kevin Coetzee
- Antalya IVF, Halide Edip Cd. No:7, Kanal Mh., Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ozgur
- Antalya IVF, Halide Edip Cd. No:7, Kanal Mh., Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emre Cetindag
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kerem Yanar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emin Turkay Korgun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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9
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Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Chromosomal Abnormalities: Aneuploidy, Mosaicism, and Structural Rearrangements. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060602. [PMID: 32485954 PMCID: PMC7349251 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in early human embryos, whether they are generated by natural conception or by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Cells with chromosomal copy number deviations or chromosome structural rearrangements can compromise the viability of embryos; much of the naturally low human fecundity as well as low success rates of ART can be ascribed to these cytogenetic defects. Chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for a large proportion of miscarriages and congenital disorders. There is therefore tremendous value in methods that identify embryos containing chromosomal abnormalities before intrauterine transfer to a patient being treated for infertility—the goal being the exclusion of affected embryos in order to improve clinical outcomes. This is the rationale behind preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and structural rearrangements (-SR). Contemporary methods are capable of much more than detecting whole chromosome abnormalities (e.g., monosomy/trisomy). Technical enhancements and increased resolution and sensitivity permit the identification of chromosomal mosaicism (embryos containing a mix of normal and abnormal cells), as well as the detection of sub-chromosomal abnormalities such as segmental deletions and duplications. Earlier approaches to screening for chromosomal abnormalities yielded a binary result of normal versus abnormal, but the new refinements in the system call for new categories, each with specific clinical outcomes and nuances for clinical management. This review intends to give an overview of PGT-A and -SR, emphasizing recent advances and areas of active development.
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10
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Konwar C, Del Gobbo G, Yuan V, Robinson WP. Considerations when processing and interpreting genomics data of the placenta. Placenta 2019; 84:57-62. [PMID: 30642669 PMCID: PMC6612459 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The application of genomic approaches to placental research has opened exciting new avenues to help us understand basic biological properties of the placenta, improve prenatal screening/diagnosis, and measure effects of in utero exposures on child health outcomes. In the last decade, such large-scale genomic data (including epigenomics and transcriptomics) have become more easily accessible to researchers from many disciplines due to the increasing ease of obtaining such data and the rapidly evolving computational tools available for analysis. While the potential of large-scale studies has been widely promoted, less attention has been given to some of the challenges associated with processing and interpreting such data. We hereby share some of our experiences in assessing data quality, reproducibility, and interpretation in the context of genome-wide studies of the placenta, with the aim to improve future studies. There is rarely a single "best" approach, as that can depend on the study question and sample cohort. However, being consistent, thoroughly assessing potential confounders in the data, and communicating key variables in the methods section of the manuscript are critically important to help researchers to collaborate and build on each other's work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada.
| | - Giulia Del Gobbo
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada.
| | - Victor Yuan
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada.
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada.
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11
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Soares MJ, Varberg KM, Iqbal K. Hemochorial placentation: development, function, and adaptations. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:196-211. [PMID: 29481584 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentation is a reproductive adaptation that permits fetal growth and development within the protected confines of the female reproductive tract. Through this important role, the placenta also determines postnatal health and susceptibility to disease. The hemochorial placenta is a prominent feature in primate and rodent development. This manuscript provides an overview of the basics of hemochorial placental development and function, provides perspectives on major discoveries that have shaped placental research, and thoughts on strategies for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA and the Center for Perinatal Research, Children΄s Research Institute, Children΄s Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaela M Varberg
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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12
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Gorodeckaja J, Neumann S, McCollin A, Ottolini CS, Wang J, Ahuja K, Handyside A, Summers M. High implantation and clinical pregnancy rates with single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer and optional aneuploidy testing for all patients. HUM FERTIL 2019; 23:256-267. [PMID: 30614321 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1551628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the results of a 2-year long IVF programme ('One by One') in which all patients (median age 40 years; range 27-45 years) were offered preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and had all blastocysts vitrified (freeze-only), followed later by single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (vSET) in managed cycles. Between January 2016 and December 2017, a total of 155 patients started 222 treatment cycles and 99 (45%) cycles resulted in one or more vitrified blastocysts (untested or with normal copy number for all chromosomes) available for transfer. Seventeen patients (11%) aged ≤35 years opted out of PGT-A. Over this period, 85 vSETs in 74 patients resulted in an implantation rate of 80% (68/85) and a singleton clinical pregnancy rate of 66% (56/85). Cumulative live birth rates will not be known for 1-2 years. Nevertheless, these high success rates with vSET confirm larger studies using selected patients and are likely to deliver similar, if not higher, live birth rates per cycle started than rates typically reported in national registries with conventional IVF and transfer of one or more fresh and/or frozen embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abeo McCollin
- The Bridge Centre, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Christian S Ottolini
- The Bridge Centre, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,London Women's Clinic, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alan Handyside
- The Bridge Centre, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Michael Summers
- The Bridge Centre, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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13
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Kesselmeier M, Pütter C, Volckmar AL, Baurecht H, Grallert H, Illig T, Ismail K, Ollikainen M, Silén Y, Keski-Rahkonen A, Bulik CM, Collier DA, Zeggini E, Hebebrand J, Scherag A, Hinney A. High-throughput DNA methylation analysis in anorexia nervosa confirms TNXB hypermethylation. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:187-199. [PMID: 27367046 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1190033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are ideally suited to identify differentially methylated genes in response to starvation. METHODS We examined high-throughput DNA methylation derived from whole blood of 47 females with AN, 47 lean females without AN and 100 population-based females to compare AN with both controls. To account for different cell type compositions, we applied two reference-free methods (FastLMM-EWASher, RefFreeEWAS) and searched for consensus CpG sites identified by both methods. We used a validation sample of five monozygotic AN-discordant twin pairs. RESULTS Fifty-one consensus sites were identified in AN vs. lean and 81 in AN vs. population-based comparisons. These sites have not been reported in AN methylation analyses, but for the latter comparison 54/81 sites showed directionally consistent differential methylation effects in the AN-discordant twins. For a single nucleotide polymorphism rs923768 in CSGALNACT1 a nearby site was nominally associated with AN. At the gene level, we confirmed hypermethylated sites at TNXB. We found support for a locus at NR1H3 in the AN vs. lean control comparison, but the methylation direction was opposite to the one previously reported. CONCLUSIONS We confirm genes like TNXB previously described to comprise differentially methylated sites, and highlight further sites that might be specifically involved in AN starvation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kesselmeier
- a Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Carolin Pütter
- b Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- d Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- e Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology , Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany.,f German Center for Diabetes Research , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- e Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology , Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany.,g Hannover Unified Biobank , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.,h Institute of Human Genetics , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Khadeeja Ismail
- i Department of Public Health , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- i Department of Public Health , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yasmina Silén
- i Department of Public Health , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | - Cynthia M Bulik
- j Department of Psychiatry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,k Department of Nutrition , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - David A Collier
- l Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK.,m Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor , Windlesham , UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- n Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridge , UK
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - André Scherag
- a Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- c Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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14
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Choux C, Binquet C, Carmignac V, Bruno C, Chapusot C, Barberet J, Lamotte M, Sagot P, Bourc’his D, Fauque P. The epigenetic control of transposable elements and imprinted genes in newborns is affected by the mode of conception: ART versus spontaneous conception without underlying infertility. Hum Reprod 2017; 33:331-340. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML, Solís-Martínez MO, Romero-Gutiérrez G, Aguirre-Arzola VE, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Zaina S, Barbosa-Sabanero G. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 promoter methylation is associated with placental protein expression in small for gestational age newborns. Steroids 2017; 124:60-66. [PMID: 28502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Small for gestational age infants have greater risk of developing metabolic diseases in adult life. It has been suggested that low birth weight may result from glucocorticoid excess in utero, a key mechanism in fetal programming. The placental enzyme 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2, HSD11B2 gene) acts as a barrier protecting the fetus from maternal corticosteroid deleterious effects. Low placental 11β-HSD2 transcription and activity have been associated with low birth weight, yet the mechanism regulating its protein expression is not fully understood. In the present study we aimed to analyze 11β-HSD2 protein expression in placentas of adequate and small for gestational age (AGA and SGA, respectively) newborns from healthy mothers, and to explore whether 11β-HSD2 protein expression could be modulated by DNA methylation. 11β-HSD2 protein levels were measured by western blot in placental biopsies from term AGA and SGA infants (n=10 per group). DNA methylation was profiled both globally and in the HSD11B2 promoter by liquid chromatography with UV detection and methylation-specific melting curve analysis, respectively. We found lower placental 11β-HSD2 protein expression and higher HSD11B2 promoter methylation in SGA compared to AGA. Promoter methylation was inversely correlated with both protein expression and, importantly, birth weight. No changes in global placental methylation were found. In conclusion, lower 11β-HSD2 protein expression is associated with higher HSD11B2 promoter methylation, correlating with birth weight in healthy pregnancy. Our data support the role of 11β-HSD2 in determining birth weight, providing evidence of its regulation by epigenetic mechanisms, which may affect postnatal metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Mexico.
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16
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Manokhina I, Del Gobbo GF, Konwar C, Wilson SL, Robinson WP. Review: placental biomarkers for assessing fetal health. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R237-R245. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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17
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Gleicher N, Orvieto R. Is the hypothesis of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) still supportable? A review. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:21. [PMID: 28347334 PMCID: PMC5368937 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGS) was first proposed 20 years ago, suggesting that elimination of aneuploid embryos prior to transfer will improve implantation rates of remaining embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF), increase pregnancy and live birth rates and reduce miscarriages. The aforementioned improved outcome was based on 5 essential assumptions: (i) Most IVF cycles fail because of aneuploid embryos. (ii) Their elimination prior to embryo transfer will improve IVF outcomes. (iii) A single trophectoderm biopsy (TEB) at blastocyst stage is representative of the whole TE. (iv) TE ploidy reliably represents the inner cell mass (ICM). (v) Ploidy does not change (i.e., self-correct) downstream from blastocyst stage. We aim to offer a review of the aforementioned assumptions and challenge the general hypothesis of PGS. We reviewed 455 publications, which as of January 20, 2017 were listed in PubMed under the search phrase < preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) for aneuploidy>. The literature review was performed by both authors who agreed on the final 55 references. Various reports over the last 18 months have raised significant questions not only about the basic clinical utility of PGS but the biological underpinnings of the hypothesis, the technical ability of a single trophectoderm (TE) biopsy to accurately assess an embryo’s ploidy, and suggested that PGS actually negatively affects IVF outcomes while not affecting miscarriage rates. Moreover, due to high rates of false positive diagnoses as a consequence of high mosaicism rates in TE, PGS leads to the discarding of large numbers of normal embryos with potential for normal euploid pregnancies if transferred rather than disposed of. We found all 5 basic assumptions underlying the hypothesis of PGS to be unsupported: (i) The association of embryo aneuploidy with IVF failure has to be reevaluated in view how much more common TE mosaicism is than has until recently been appreciated. (ii) Reliable elimination of presumed aneuploid embryos prior to embryo transfer appears unrealistic. (iii) Mathematical models demonstrate that a single TEB cannot provide reliable information about the whole TE. (iv) TE does not reliably reflect the ICM. (v) Embryos, likely, still have strong innate ability to self-correct downstream from blastocyst stage, with ICM doing so better than TE. The hypothesis of PGS, therefore, no longer appears supportable. With all 5 basic assumptions underlying the hypothesis of PGS demonstrated to have been mistaken, the hypothesis of PGS, itself, appears to be discredited. Clinical use of PGS for the purpose of IVF outcome improvements should, therefore, going forward be restricted to research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, 10022, USA. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna School of Medicine, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raoul Orvieto
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Should preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) be implemented to routine IVF practice? J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1445-1448. [PMID: 27638728 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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19
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Genetics of the human placenta: implications for toxicokinetics. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2563-2581. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Rani A, Wadhwani N, Chavan-Gautam P, Joshi S. Altered development and function of the placental regions in preeclampsia and its association with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:582-97. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine; Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University; Pune India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine; Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University; Pune India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- Department of Nutritional Medicine; Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University; Pune India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine; Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University; Pune India
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21
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de Waal E, Vrooman LA, Fischer E, Ord T, Mainigi MA, Coutifaris C, Schultz RM, Bartolomei MS. The cumulative effect of assisted reproduction procedures on placental development and epigenetic perturbations in a mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6975-85. [PMID: 26401051 PMCID: PMC4654053 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are associated with several complications including low birth weight, abnormal placentation and increased risk for rare imprinting disorders. Indeed, experimental studies demonstrate ART procedures independent of existing infertility induce epigenetic perturbations in the embryo and extraembryonic tissues. To test the hypothesis that these epigenetic perturbations persist and result in adverse outcomes at term, we assessed placental morphology and methylation profiles in E18.5 mouse concepti generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) in two different genetic backgrounds. We also examined embryo transfer (ET) and superovulation procedures to ascertain if they contribute to developmental and epigenetic effects. Increased placental weight and reduced fetal-to-placental weight ratio were observed in all ART groups when compared with naturally conceived controls, demonstrating that non-surgical embryo transfer alone can impact placental development. Furthermore, superovulation further induced overgrowth of the placental junctional zone. Embryo transfer and superovulation defects were limited to these morphological changes, as we did not observe any differences in epigenetic profiles. IVF placentae, however, displayed hypomethylation of imprinting control regions of select imprinted genes and a global reduction in DNA methylation levels. Although we did not detect significant differences in DNA methylation in fetal brain or liver samples, rare IVF concepti displayed very low methylation and abnormal gene expression from the normally repressed allele. Our findings suggest that individual ART procedures cumulatively increase placental morphological abnormalities and epigenetic perturbations, potentially causing adverse neonatal and long-term health outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teri Ord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
| | - Monica A Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
| | - Richard M Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Cox B, Leavey K, Nosi U, Wong F, Kingdom J. Placental transcriptome in development and pathology: expression, function, and methods of analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S138-51. [PMID: 26428493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is the essential organ of mammalian pregnancy and errors in its development and function are associated with a wide range of human pathologies of pregnancy. Genome sequencing has led to methods for investigation of the transcriptome (all expressed RNA species) using microarrays and next-generation sequencing, and implementation of these techniques has identified many novel species of RNA including: micro-RNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA. These species can physically interact with both each other and regulatory proteins to modify gene expression and messenger RNA to protein translation. Transcriptome analysis is actively used to investigate placental development and dysfunction in pathologies ranging from preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction to preterm labor. Genome-wide gene expression analysis is also being applied to identify prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of these disorders. In this comprehensive review we summarize transcriptome biology, methods of isolation and analysis, application to placental development and pathology, and use in diagnostic analysis in maternal blood. Key information for analysis methods is organized into quick reference tables where current analysis techniques and tools are cited and compared. We have created this review as a practical guide and starting reference for those interested in beginning an investigation into the transcriptome of the placenta.
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the unique features of DNA methylation in the human placenta. We discuss the importance of understanding placental development, structure, and function in the interpretation of DNA methylation data. Examples are given of how DNA methylation is important in regulating placental-specific gene expression, including monoallelic expression and X-chromosome inactivation in the placenta. We also discuss studies of global DNA methylation changes in the context of placental pathology and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - E Magda Price
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Leavey K, Bainbridge SA, Cox BJ. Large scale aggregate microarray analysis reveals three distinct molecular subclasses of human preeclampsia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116508. [PMID: 25679511 PMCID: PMC4332506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive pathology of pregnancy affecting 3–5% of all pregnancies. To date, PE has no cure, early detection markers, or effective treatments short of the removal of what is thought to be the causative organ, the placenta, which may necessitate a preterm delivery. Additionally, numerous small placental microarray studies attempting to identify “PE-specific” genes have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore hypothesize that preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease encompassing several pathology subclasses, and that large cohort placental gene expression analysis will reveal these groups. Results To address our hypothesis, we utilized known bioinformatic methods to aggregate 7 microarray data sets across multiple platforms in order to generate a large data set of 173 patient samples, including 77 with preeclampsia. Unsupervised clustering of these patient samples revealed three distinct molecular subclasses of PE. This included a “canonical” PE subclass demonstrating elevated expression of known PE markers and genes associated with poor oxygenation and increased secretion, as well as two other subclasses potentially representing a poor maternal response to pregnancy and an immunological presentation of preeclampsia. Conclusion Our analysis sheds new light on the heterogeneity of PE patients, and offers up additional avenues for future investigation. Hopefully, our subclassification of preeclampsia based on molecular diversity will finally lead to the development of robust diagnostics and patient-based treatments for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Leavey
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon A. Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (BJC); (SAB)
| | - Brian J. Cox
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (BJC); (SAB)
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Cohen ASA, Wilson SL, Trinh J, Ye XC. Detecting somatic mosaicism: considerations and clinical implications. Clin Genet 2014; 87:554-62. [PMID: 25223253 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human disease is rarely a matter of all or nothing; variable expressivity is generally observed. Part of this variability is explained by somatic mosaicism, which can arise by a myriad of genetic alterations. These can take place at any stage of development, possibly leading to unusual features visible at birth, but can also occur later in life, conceivably leading to cancer. Previously, detection of somatic mosaicism was extremely challenging, as many gold standard tests lacked the necessary resolution. However, with the advances in high-throughput sequencing, mosaicism is being detected more frequently and at lower levels. This raises the issue of normal variation within each individual vs mosaicism leading to disease, and how to distinguish between the two. In this article, we will define somatic mosaicism with a brief overview of its main mechanisms in concrete clinical examples, discuss the impact of next-generation sequencing technologies in its detection, and expand on the clinical implications associated with a discovery of somatic mosaicism in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S A Cohen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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Sarkar AA, Nuwayhid SJ, Maynard T, Ghandchi F, Hill JT, Lamantia AS, Zohn IE. Hectd1 is required for development of the junctional zone of the placenta. Dev Biol 2014; 392:368-80. [PMID: 24855001 PMCID: PMC4578812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The placenta plays a critical role in the growth and survival of the fetus. Here we demonstrate that the Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus (HECT) domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, Hectd1, is essential for development of the mouse placenta. Hectd1 is widely expressed during placentation with enrichment in trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and other trophoblast-derived cell subtypes in the junctional and labyrinth zones of the placenta. Disruption of Hectd1 results in mid-gestation lethality and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Variable defects in the gross structure of the mutant placenta are found including alterations in diameter, thickness and lamination. The number and nuclear size of TGCs is reduced. Examination of subtype specific markers reveals altered TGC development with decreased expression of Placental lactogen-1 and -2 (Pl1 and Pl2) and increased expression of Proliferin (Plf). Reduced numbers of spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen trophoblasts were also found at the junctional zone of the Hectd1 mutant placenta. Finally, there was an increase in immature uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in the maternal decidua of the Hectd1 mutant placenta. Proliferation and apoptosis are differentially altered in the layers of the placenta with an increase in both apoptosis and proliferation in the maternal decidua, a decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis in the labyrinth layer and both unchanged in the junctional zone. Together these data demonstrate that Hectd1 is required for development of multiple cell types within the junctional zone of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Samer J Nuwayhid
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Thomas Maynard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Frederick Ghandchi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Anthony S Lamantia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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Reamon-Buettner SM, Buschmann J, Lewin G. Identifying placental epigenetic alterations in an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rat model induced by gestational protein deficiency. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:117-24. [PMID: 24607647 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), a main cause of low birth weight associated with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Such early uterine environmental exposures can impact the neonatal epigenome to render later-in-life disease susceptibility. We established in Wistar Han rats a mild IUGR model induced by gestational protein deficiency (i.e. 9% crude protein in low protein diet vs. 21% in control, from GD 0 to 21) to identify alterations in gene expression and methylation patterns in certain genes implicated in human IUGR or in placental development. We found differential gene expression of Wnt2 and Dlk1 between IUGR and control. Notably, Wnt2 exhibited significant decrease while Dlk1 increase in IUGR placentas, correlating to decrease in fetal and placental weight. Methylation patterns encompassing 30 CpGs in the Wnt2 promoter region revealed variability in both IUGR and control placentas, but a site-specific hypomethylation was evident in IUGR placentas. Our present findings further support a key role of maternal gestational nutrition in defining the neonatal epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jochen Buschmann
- Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Geertje Lewin
- Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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28
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Valind A, Jin Y, Gisselsson D. Elevated tolerance to aneuploidy in cancer cells: estimating the fitness effects of chromosome number alterations by in silico modelling of somatic genome evolution. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70445. [PMID: 23894657 PMCID: PMC3722120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An unbalanced chromosome number (aneuploidy) is present in most malignant tumours and has been attributed to mitotic mis-segregation of chromosomes. However, recent studies have shown a relatively high rate of chromosomal mis-segregation also in non-neoplastic human cells, while the frequency of aneuploid cells remains low throughout life in most normal tissues. This implies that newly formed aneuploid cells are subject to negative selection in healthy tissues and that attenuation of this selection could contribute to aneuploidy in cancer. To test this, we modelled cellular growth as discrete time branching processes, during which chromosome gains and losses were generated and their host cells subjected to selection pressures of various magnitudes. We then assessed experimentally the frequency of chromosomal mis-segregation as well as the prevalence of aneuploid cells in human non-neoplastic cells and in cancer cells. Integrating these data into our models allowed estimation of the fitness reduction resulting from a single chromosome copy number change to an average of ≈30% in normal cells. In comparison, cancer cells showed an average fitness reduction of only 6% (p = 0.0008), indicative of aneuploidy tolerance. Simulations based on the combined presence of chromosomal mis-segregation and aneuploidy tolerance reproduced distributions of chromosome aberrations in >400 cancer cases with higher fidelity than models based on chromosomal mis-segregation alone. Reverse engineering of aneuploid cancer cell development in silico predicted that aneuploidy intolerance is a stronger limiting factor for clonal expansion of aneuploid cells than chromosomal mis-segregation rate. In conclusion, our findings indicate that not only an elevated chromosomal mis-segregation rate, but also a generalised tolerance to novel chromosomal imbalances contribute to the genomic landscape of human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Valind
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne Regional and University Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuesheng Jin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne Regional and University Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Gisselsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University and Skåne Regional and University Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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29
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Lucas E. Epigenetic effects on the embryo as a result of periconceptional environment and assisted reproduction technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:477-85. [PMID: 23933034 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The early embryonic environment has been shown to be remarkably influential on the developing organism, despite the relative brevity of this developmental stage. The cells of the zygote and cleavage-stage embryo hold the potential to form all cell lineages of the embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, with gradual fate restriction occurring from the time of compaction and blastocyst formation. As such, these cells carry with them the potential to influence the phenotype of all successive cell types as the organism grows, differentiates and ages. The implication is, therefore, that sublethal adverse conditions which alter the developmental trajectory of these cells may have long-term implications for the health and development of the resulting offspring. One confirmed mechanism for the translation of environmental cues to phenotypic outcome is epigenetic modification of the genome to modulate chromatin packaging and gene expression in a cell- and lineage-specific manner. The influence of the periconceptional milieu on the epigenetic profile of the developing embryo has become a popular research focus in the quest to understand the effects of environment, nutrition and assisted reproduction technology on human development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lucas
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom.
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30
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Hanna CW, McFadden DE, Robinson WP. DNA methylation profiling of placental villi from karyotypically normal miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2276-84. [PMID: 23583422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Miscarriage occurs in 15% of clinical pregnancies. Although chromosomal errors are observed in >50%, causes of karyotypically normal losses are poorly understood. DNA methylation undergoes reprogramming during development and must be appropriately set to maintain a healthy pregnancy. We hypothesize that aberrant DNA methylation may cause karyotypically normal miscarriage, particularly among women experiencing recurrent miscarriage (RM). DNA methylation in first-trimester chorionic villi was assessed in chromosomally normal miscarriages from women with RM (N = 33) or isolated miscarriage (M; N = 21) and elective terminations (TA; N = 16). Differentially methylated candidate loci were identified using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array. Follow-up bisulfite pyrosequencing at promoter regions showed an increase in methylation in M compared with TA at cytochrome P450, subfamily 1A, polypeptide 2 (CYP1A2; P = 0.002) and RM compared with TA at AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (P = 0.02), and a decrease in RM and M compared with TA at defensin β 1 (DEFB1; P = 0.008). Gene ontology analysis showed an enrichment of imprinted genes (P = 9.53 × 10(-10)) and genes previously associated with RM (P = 9.51 × 10(-6)). An increase of outliers at seven imprinted loci was observed in RM (3.9%) compared with M (0%) and TA (0.9%) (P = 0.02), with increased average methylation at H19/IGF2 ICR1 in M samples (P < 0.0001). Altered DNA methylation in the placenta at specific loci, and global dysregulation in specific cases, may contribute to or be a consequence of poor placental function in karyotypically normal miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney W Hanna
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Hogg K, Blair JD, von Dadelszen P, Robinson WP. Hypomethylation of the LEP gene in placenta and elevated maternal leptin concentration in early onset pre-eclampsia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 367:64-73. [PMID: 23274423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In pre-eclampsia, placental leptin is up-regulated and leptin is elevated in maternal plasma. To investigate potential epigenetic regulation of the leptin (LEP) gene in normal and complicated pregnancy, DNA methylation was assessed at multiple reported regulatory regions in placentae from control pregnancies (n=111), and those complicated by early onset pre-eclampsia (EOPET; arising <34 weeks; n=19), late onset pre-eclampsia (LOPET; arising ≥34 weeks; n=18) and normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (nIUGR; n=13). The LEP promoter was hypomethylated in EOPET, but not LOPET or nIUGR placentae, particularly at CpG sites downstream of the transcription start site (-10.1%; P<0.0001). Maternal plasma leptin was elevated in EOPET and LOPET (P<0.05), but not nIUGR, compared with controls. EOPET cases showed a trend towards biallelic LEP expression rather than skewed allelic expression observed in control placentae, suggesting that loss of normal monoallelic expression at the LEP locus is associated with hypomethylation, leading to increased overall LEP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hogg
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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32
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Ryan JG, Davis RK, Bloch JR. The Placenta as a Research Biospecimen. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:834-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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33
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Prenatal and Perinatal Environmental Influences on the Human Fetal and Placental Epigenome. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012; 92:716-26. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Yurov YB. Single cell genomics of the brain: focus on neuronal diversity and neuropsychiatric diseases. Curr Genomics 2012; 13:477-88. [PMID: 23449087 PMCID: PMC3426782 DOI: 10.2174/138920212802510439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell genomics has made increasingly significant contributions to our understanding of the role that somatic genome variations play in human neuronal diversity and brain diseases. Studying intercellular genome and epigenome variations has provided new clues to the delineation of molecular mechanisms that regulate development, function and plasticity of the human central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that changes of genomic content and epigenetic profiling at single cell level are involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, mental retardation (intellectual/leaning disability), autism, Alzheimer's disease etc.). Additionally, several brain diseases were found to be associated with genome and chromosome instability (copy number variations, aneuploidy) variably affecting cell populations of the human CNS. The present review focuses on the latest advances of single cell genomics, which have led to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of neuronal diversity and neuropsychiatric diseases, in the light of dynamically developing fields of systems biology and "omics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Iourov
- National Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Minzdravsotsrazvitia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana G Vorsanova
- National Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Minzdravsotsrazvitia, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Neurobiological Diagnosis of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Moscow City University of Psychology and Education, Russia
| | - Yuri B Yurov
- National Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery, Minzdravsotsrazvitia, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Neurobiological Diagnosis of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Moscow City University of Psychology and Education, Russia
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35
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Sandovici I, Hoelle K, Angiolini E, Constância M. Placental adaptations to the maternal-fetal environment: implications for fetal growth and developmental programming. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:68-89. [PMID: 22560117 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ found in eutherian mammals that evolved primarily to provide nutrients for the developing fetus. The placenta exchanges a wide array of nutrients, endocrine signals, cytokines and growth factors with the mother and the fetus, thereby regulating intrauterine development. Recent studies show that the placenta is not just a passive organ mediating maternal-fetal exchange. It can adapt its capacity to supply nutrients in response to intrinsic and extrinsic variations in the maternal-fetal environment. These dynamic adaptations are thought to occur to maximize fetal growth and viability at birth in the prevailing conditions in utero. However, some of these adaptations may also affect the development of individual fetal tissues, with patho-physiological consequences long after birth. Here, this review summarizes current knowledge on the causes, possible mechanisms and consequences of placental adaptive responses, with a focus on the regulation of transporter-mediated processes for nutrients. This review also highlights the emerging roles that imprinted genes and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation may play in placental adaptations to the maternal-fetal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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36
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37
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Peñaherrera MS, Jiang R, Avila L, Yuen RKC, Brown CJ, Robinson WP. Patterns of placental development evaluated by X chromosome inactivation profiling provide a basis to evaluate the origin of epigenetic variation. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1745-53. [PMID: 22431562 PMCID: PMC3357192 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivation of the maternally or paternally derived X chromosome (XCI) initially occurs in a random manner in early development; however as tissues form, a ‘patchiness’ will occur in terms of which X is inactivated if cells positioned near each other are clonally descended from a common precursor. Determining the relationship between skewed XCI in different tissues and in different samples from the same tissue provides a molecular assessment of the developmental history of a particular tissue that can then be used to understand how genetic and epigenetic variation arises in development. METHODS XCI skewing was evaluated in and compared between amnion, chorion, trophoblast and mesenchyme using multiple sampling sites from 14 term placentae. XCI was also evaluated in chorionic villus samples obtained at multiple sites and depths from four additional term placentae. The pattern of variation was then compared with methylation variation associated with the H19/IGF2 imprinting control region (ICR); promoter regions of KISS1, PTPN6, CASP8 and APC; and LINE-1 elements. RESULTS Mean placental level of skewing for amnion and chorion are correlated, consistent with a common developmental origin of at least a component of these membranes from inner cell mass derivatives subsequent to XCI, while trophoblast appears to be derived independently, consistent with its origin from the trophectoderm. Villus samples taken from different depths spanning the fetal to maternal side of the placenta were highly clonally related. Comparing patterns of clonal growth identified through XCI to the distribution of epigenetic variation in other genomic regions suggests that some variation arises early in development (e.g. LINE-1 methylation), whereas other variation arises predominantly after villus tree formation (e.g. methylation at H19/IGF2 ICR). CONCLUSIONS The patterns of XCI skewing are consistent with a model whereby each biopsied site of chorionic villi represents one or a few individual villus trees, each of which is clonally derived from only one or a few precursor cells. Sampling of placentae to evaluate changes associated with clinical pathology should be done with consideration of the tree-to-tree differences. A limitation of this study is the small number of placentas used and therefore placental-specific differences in variation could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Peñaherrera
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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38
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Yuen RKC, Manokhina I, Robinson WP. Are we ready for DNA methylation-based prenatal testing? Epigenomics 2011; 3:387-90. [PMID: 22126197 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan KC Yuen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Child & Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Irina Manokhina
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Child & Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Child & Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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