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Gao S, Xu J, Song W, Dong J, Xie L, Xu B. Overexpression of BnMYBL2-1 improves plant drought tolerance via the ABA-dependent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108293. [PMID: 38181638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental challenge that poses considerable threats to crop survival and growth. Previous research has indicated anthocyanins play a crucial role in alleviating oxidative damage, photoprotection, membrane stabilization, and water retention under drought stress. However, the presence of MYBL2 (MYELOBBLASTOSIS LIKE 2), an R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) which known to suppress anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, four BnMYBL2 members were cloned from Brassica napus L, and BnMYBL2-1 was overexpressed in Triticum aestivum L (No BnMYBL2 homologous gene was detected in wheat). Subsequently, the transgenic wheat lines were treated with drought, ABA and anthocyanin. Results showed that transgenic lines exhibited greater drought tolerance compared to the wild-type (WT), characterized by improved leaf water content (LWC), elevated levels of soluble sugars and chlorophyll, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Notably, transgenic lines also exhibited significant upregulation in abscisic acid (ABA) content, along with the transcriptional levels of key enzymes involved in ABA signalling under drought. Results also demonstrated that BnMYBL2-1 promoted the accumulation of ABA and anthocyanins in wheat. Overall, the study highlights the positive role of BnMYBL2-1 in enhancing crop drought tolerance through ABA signalling and establishes its close association with anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of drought-resistant crop varieties and enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Jinsong Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China
| | - Wei Song
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Henan, 467036, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
| | - Benbo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434022, China.
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Kovács B, Kovács A, Pál M, Spitkó T, Marton CL, Szőke C. Changes in polyamine contents during Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides inoculation in maize seedlings with or without seed-priming. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00162-7. [PMID: 37074618 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most produced field crop all over the world. One of its most critical diseases that results in economic loss is ear rot caused by various Fusarium species. Previous researches have shown that polyamines, found in all living cells, play crucial role in biotic stress responses. At the same time, biosynthesis of polyamines is of paramount importance not only for plants but also for their pathogens to promote stress tolerance and pathogenicity. In our study, we investigated the polyamine content changes induced in the seedlings of two maize genotypes of different susceptibility by isolates of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum, two Fusarium species of different lifestyles. Apart from that, it was examined how infection efficiency and changes in polyamine contents were modified by salicylic acid or putrescine seed soaking pre-treatments. Our observations confirmed that initial and stress-induced changes in the polyamine contents are not directly related to tolerance in either coleoptile or radicle. However, the two pathogens with different lifestyles induced remarkably distinct changes in the polyamine contents. The effect of the seed soaking pre-treatments depended on the pathogens and plant resistance as well: both salicylic acid and putrescine seed soaking had positive results against F. verticillioides, while in the case of infection with F. graminearum, seed soaking with distilled water alone affected biomass parameters positively in the tolerant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Kovács
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Kovács
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Spitkó
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Csaba L Marton
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szőke
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
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3
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Ramazan S, Nazir I, Yousuf W, John R. Environmental stress tolerance in maize ( Zea mays): role of polyamine metabolism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:85-96. [PMID: 35300784 DOI: 10.1071/fp21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.), a major multipurpose crop for food, feed and energy is extremely susceptible to environmental perturbations and setting off the major factors for limiting maize yield. Generally, plant yields are reduced and significantly lost to adverse environments and biotic strains. To ensure the safety of living cells under unfavourable circumstances, polyamines (PAs) play an important role in regulating the response under both abiotic and biotic stresses. It is the relative abundance of higher PAs (spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm) vis-à-vis the diamine putrescine (Put) and PA catabolism that determines the stress tolerance in plants. Climate changes and increasing demands for production of maize have made it pressing to improve the stress tolerance strategies in this plant and it is imperative to understand the role of PAs in response to various environmental perturbations. Here, we critically review and summarise the recent literature on role of PAs in conferring stress tolerance in the golden crop. The responses in terms of PA accumulation, their mechanism of action and all the recent genetic manipulation studies carried out in PA metabolism pathway, ameliorating range of abiotic and biotic stresses have been discussed. As PA metabolism under stress conditions does not operate singly within cells and is always linked to other metabolic pathways in maize, its complex connections and role as a signalling molecule have also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salika Ramazan
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ifra Nazir
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Waseem Yousuf
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Riffat John
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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4
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Jumpa T, Beckles DM, Songsri P, Pattanagul K, Pattanagul W. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf ( Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2447. [PMID: 36235312 PMCID: PMC9572180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gac is a carotenoid-rich, healthful tropical fruit; however, its productivity is limited by soil salinity, a growing environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on key physiological traits and metabolites in 30-day-old gac seedling leaves, treated with 0, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 150-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for four weeks to identify potential alarm, acclimatory, and exhaustion responses. Electrolyte leakage increased with increasing NaCl concentrations (p < 0.05) indicating loss of membrane permeability and conditions that lead to reactive oxygen species production. At 25 and 50 mM NaCl, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, starch content, and total soluble sugar increased. Chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll increased at 25 mM NaCl but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations indicating salinity-induced thylakoid membrane degradation and chlorophyllase activity. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased (p < 0.05) at all NaCl treatments, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were highest at 150 mM NaCl. GC-MS-metabolite profiling showed that 150 mM NaCl induced the largest changes in metabolites and was thus distinct. Thirteen pathways and 7.73% of metabolites differed between the control and all the salt-treated seedlings. Salinity decreased TCA cycle intermediates, and there were less sugars for growth but more for osmoprotection, with the latter augmented by increased amino acids. Although 150 mM NaCl level decreased SOD activity, the APX and GPX enzymes were still active, and some carbohydrates and metabolites also accumulated to promote salinity resistance via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwan Jumpa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Pattanagul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattana Pattanagul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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5
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Nguyen VQ, Sreewongchai T, Siangliw M, Roytrakul S, Yokthongwattana C. Comparative proteomic analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under short-term salinity stress. PLANTA 2022; 256:12. [PMID: 35710953 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins, ROS detoxifying enzymes, and ion homeostasis proteins, together with proteins in carbohydrate metabolism, cell structure, brassinosteroids, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated in CSSLs under salinity stress. Rice is one of the most consumed staple foods worldwide. Salinity stress is a serious global problem affecting rice productivity. Many attempts have been made to select or produce salinity-tolerant rice varieties. Genetics and biochemical approaches were used to study the salinity-responsive pathway in rice to develop salinity tolerant strains. This study investigated the proteomic profiles of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from KDML105 (Khao Dawk Mali 105, a Thai jasmine rice cultivar) under salinity stress. The CSSLs showed a clear resistant phenotype in response to 150 mM NaCl treatment compared to the salinity-sensitive line, IR29. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using the Ultimate 3000 Nano/Capillary LC System coupled to a Hybrid Quadrupole Q-Tof Impact II™ equipped with a nano-captive spray ion source was applied for proteomic analysis. Based on our criteria, 178 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins under salinity stress. Protein functions in DNA replication and transcription, and stress and defense accounted for the highest proportions in response to salinity stress, followed by protein transport and trafficking, carbohydrate metabolic process, signal transduction, and cell structure. The protein interaction network among the 75 up-regulated proteins showed connections between proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, transcription, translation, and in defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Quang Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanee Sreewongchai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Meechai Siangliw
- Rice Science Center (RSC), Rice Gene Discovery Unit (RGDU), Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chotika Yokthongwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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6
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Xing H, Zhao Y, Li T, Han B, Zhao P, Yu X. Enhancing astaxanthin and lipid coproduction in Haematococcus pluvialis by the combined induction of plant growth regulators and multiple stresses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126225. [PMID: 34737161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling chemical induction and abiotic stresses is a beneficial strategy for astaxanthin (Asta) induction in Haematococcus pluvialis. The combined application of melatonin (MT) and putrescine (Put) induced Asta and lipid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis under adverse conditions. Under MT and Put inductions, the highest Asta and lipid contents were 3.64% and 55.84%, which were 1.71- and 1.17-times higher than the control group, respectively. The combination of MT and Put also enhanced the expression of carotenogenic, lipogenic and antioxidant enzyme genes. Additionally, this combined treatment increased the endogenous Put content while decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Further results proved that endogenous Put promoted Asta production and alleviated oxidative stress by regulating carotenogenesis and GABA and ROS signaling. This study describes a potential process for stimulating Asta and lipid coproduction and highlights the connections among MT, Put, signaling molecules, Asta and lipid synthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Xing
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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7
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Salazar-Díaz K, Dong Y, Papdi C, Ferruzca-Rubio EM, Olea-Badillo G, Ryabova LA, Dinkova TD. TOR senses and regulates spermidine metabolism during seedling establishment and growth in maize and Arabidopsis. iScience 2021; 24:103260. [PMID: 34765910 PMCID: PMC8571727 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine (Spd) is a nitrogen sink and signaling molecule that plays pivotal roles in eukaryotic cell growth and must be finetuned to meet various energy demands. In eukaryotes, target of rapamycin (TOR) is a central nutrient sensor, especially N, and a master-regulator of growth and development. Here, we discovered that Spd stimulates the growth of maize and Arabidopsis seedlings through TOR signaling. Inhibition of Spd biosynthesis led to TOR inactivation and growth defects. Furthermore, disruption of a TOR complex partner RAPTOR1B abolished seedling growth stimulation by Spd. Strikingly, TOR activated by Spd promotes translation of key metabolic enzyme upstream open reading frame (uORF)-containing mRNAs, PAO and CuAO, by facilitating translation reinitiation and providing feedback to polyamine metabolism and TOR activation. The Spd-TOR relay protected young-age seedlings of maize from expeditious stress heat shock. Our results demonstrate Spd is an upstream effector of TOR kinase in planta and provide its potential application for crop protection. Spermidine (Spd) stimulates growth of maize and Arabidopsis by activating TOR signaling TOR stimulates translation efficiency of uORF-containing mRNAs involved in Spd catabolism TOR provides feedback to polyamine homeostasis in response to excess of Spd The Spd-TOR signaling axis protects maize seedlings from expeditious heat stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Salazar-Díaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Yihan Dong
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Csaba Papdi
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ernesto Miguel Ferruzca-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Grecia Olea-Badillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Lyubov A Ryabova
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tzvetanka D Dinkova
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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Meng DY, Yang S, Xing JY, Ma NN, Wang BZ, Qiu FT, Guo F, Meng J, Zhang JL, Wan SB, Li XG. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase confers transgenic tobacco with elevated tolerance to salt stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:341-350. [PMID: 32808478 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in stress response. In the pathway of polyamines synthesis, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is one of the key enzymes. In this study, a full length cDNA of SAMDC (AhSAMDC) was isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity between AhSAMDC and SAMDC from other plants. In peanut seedlings exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl), the transcript level of AhSAMDC in roots was the highest at 24 h that decreased sharply at 72 and 96 h after 150 mM NaCl treatment. However, the expression of AhSAMDC in peanut leaves was significantly inhibited, and the transcript levels in leaves were not different compared with control These results implied the tissue-specific and time-specific expression of AhSAMDC. The physiological effects and functional mechanism of AhSAMDC were further evaluated by overexpressing AhSAMDC in tobaccos. The transgenic tobacco lines exhibited higher germination rate and longer root length under salt stress. Reduced membrane damage, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and higher proline content were also observed in the transgenic tobacco seedlings. What's more, AhSAMDC also led to higher contents of spermidine and spermine, which can help to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Together, this study suggests that AhSAMDC enhances plant resistance to salt stress by improving polyamine content and alleviating membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-Y Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - S Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J-Y Xing
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - N-N Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - B-Z Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - F-T Qiu
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - F Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J Meng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - J-L Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - S-B Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Ji'nan, China
| | - X-G Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, China
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Involvement of Polyamine Metabolism in the Response of Medicago truncatula Genotypes to Salt Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020269. [PMID: 33573207 PMCID: PMC7912313 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity constitutes one of the most important causes leading to severe reduction in plant yield. Several reports correlate the accumulation of polyamines in plants with tolerance to abiotic stress cues. The present study examined three Medicago truncatula genotypes with differing sensitivities to salinity (TN1.11, tolerant; Jemalong A17, moderately sensitive; TN6.18, sensitive), with the aim of examining the genotype-specific involvement of the polyamine metabolic pathway in plant response to salinity. The study was carried out with leaves harvested 48 h after watering plants with 200 mM NaCl. A comprehensive profile of free polyamines was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. All genotypes showed spermidine and spermine as the most abundant polyamines under control conditions. In salinity conditions, spermine levels increased at the expense of putrescine and spermidine, indicating a drift of polyamine metabolism towards the synthesis of increasing polycationic forms as a stress response. The increasing balance between high and low polycationic forms was clearly diminished in the salt-sensitive genotype TN6.18, showing a clear correlation with its sensitive phenotype. The polyamine metabolic profile was then supported by molecular evidence through the examination of polyamine metabolism transcript levels by RT-qPCR. General suppression of genes that are involved upstream in the PA biosynthetic pathway was determined. Contrarily, an induction in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of spermine and spermidine was observed, in agreement with the metabolic analysis. A significant induction in diamino oxidase expression, involved in the catabolism of putrescine, was specifically found in the sensitive genotype ΤΝ6.18, indicating a distinct metabolic response to stress. Present findings highlight the involvement of polyamines in the defense response of Medicago genotypes showing sensitivity to salt stress.
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Bali S, Vining K, Gleason C, Majtahedi H, Brown CR, Sathuvalli V. Transcriptome profiling of resistance response to Meloidogyne chitwoodi introgressed from wild species Solanum bulbocastanum into cultivated potato. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:907. [PMID: 31779600 PMCID: PMC6883582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meloidogyne chitwoodi commonly known as Columbia root-knot nematode or CRKN is one of the most devastating pests of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. In addition to the roots, it infects potato tubers causing internal as well as external defects, thereby reducing the market value of the crop. Commercial potato varieties with CRKN resistance are currently unavailable. Race specific resistance to CRKN has been introgressed from the wild, diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum into the tetraploid advanced selection PA99N82-4 but there is limited knowledge about the nature of its resistance mechanism. In the present study, we performed histological and differential gene expression profiling to understand the mode of action of introgressed CRKN resistance in PA99N82-4 in comparison to the CRKN susceptible variety Russet Burbank. RESULTS Histological studies revealed that the nematode juveniles successfully infect both resistant and susceptible root tissue by 48 h post inoculation, but the host resistance response restricts nematode feeding site formation in PA99N82-4. Differential gene expression analysis shows that 1268, 1261, 1102 and 2753 genes were up-regulated in PA99N82-4 at 48 h, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days post inoculation respectively, of which 61 genes were common across all the time points. These genes mapped to plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormonal signaling, antioxidant activity and cell wall re-enforcement pathways annotated for potato. CONCLUSION The introgressed nematode resistance in PA99N82-4 is in the form of both pattern-triggered immune response and effector-triggered immune response, which is mediated by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and hypersensitive response (HR). Salicylic acid is playing a major role in the HR. Polyamines and suberin (a component of the Casperian strip in roots) also play an important role in mediating the resistance response. The present study provides the first ever comprehensive insights into transcriptional changes among M. chitwoodi resistant and susceptible potato genotypes after nematode inoculation. The knowledge generated in the present study has implications in breeding for CRKN resistance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapinder Bali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Kelly Vining
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97330, USA
| | - Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Hassan Majtahedi
- Retired from United States Department of Agriculture, Prosser, Washington, 99350, USA
| | - Charles R Brown
- Retired from United States Department of Agriculture, Prosser, Washington, 99350, USA
| | - Vidyasagar Sathuvalli
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, Oregon, 97838, USA.
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11
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Menéndez AB, Calzadilla PI, Sansberro PA, Espasandin FD, Gazquez A, Bordenave CD, Maiale SJ, Rodríguez AA, Maguire VG, Campestre MP, Garriz A, Rossi FR, Romero FM, Solmi L, Salloum MS, Monteoliva MI, Debat JH, Ruiz OA. Polyamines and Legumes: Joint Stories of Stress, Nitrogen Fixation and Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1415. [PMID: 31749821 PMCID: PMC6844238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with "big data" available in "omics" is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernardina Menéndez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Ayelén Gazquez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Garriz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco Rubén Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro Solmi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maria Soraya Salloum
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Inés Monteoliva
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE) Ing “Sergio Nome,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Duque AS, Burgueño A, Herrera-Cervera JA, Fevereiro P, López-Gómez M. Overexpression of the arginine decarboxylase gene promotes the symbiotic interaction Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti and induces the accumulation of proline and spermine in nodules under salt stress conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 241:153034. [PMID: 31493718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legumes have the capacity to fix nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria known as rhizobia by the formation of root nodules. However, nitrogen fixation is highly sensitive to soil salinity with a concomitant reduction of the plant yield and soil fertilization. Polycationic aliphatic amines known as polyamines (PAs) have been shown to be involved in the response to a variety of stresses in plants including soil salinity. Therefore, the generation of transgenic plants overexpressing genes involved in PA biosynthesis have been proposed as a promising tool to improve salt stress tolerance in plants. In this work we tested whether the modulation of PAs in transgenic Medicago truncatula plants was advantageous for the symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti under salt stress conditions, when compared to wild type plants. Consequently, we characterized the symbiotic response to salt stress of the homozygous M. truncatula plant line L-108, constitutively expressing the oat adc gene, coding for the PA biosynthetic enzyme arginine decarboxylase, involved in PAs biosynthesis. In a nodulation kinetic assay, nodule number incremented in L-108 plants under salt stress. In addition, these plants at vegetative stage showed higher nitrogenase and nodule biomass and, under salt stress, accumulated proline (Pro) and spermine (Spm) in nodules, while in wt plants, the accumulation of glutamic acid (Glu), γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) (the ethylene (ET) precursor) were the metabolites involved in the salt stress response. Therefore, overexpression of oat adc gene favours the symbiotic interaction between plants of M. truncatula L-108 and S. meliloti under salt stress and the accumulation of Pro and Spm, seems to be the molecules involved in salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Sofia Duque
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (Green-it Unit), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alvaro Burgueño
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - José A Herrera-Cervera
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Fevereiro
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Lab, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (Green-it Unit), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
| | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain.
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Sharma A, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Kohli SK, Sidhu GPS, Bali AS, Handa N, Kapoor D, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B. Phytohormones Regulate Accumulation of Osmolytes Under Abiotic Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E285. [PMID: 31319576 PMCID: PMC6680914 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage caused by oxidative stress, plants accumulate certain compatible solutes known as osmolytes to safeguard the cellular machinery. The most common osmolytes that play crucial role in osmoregulation are proline, glycine-betaine, polyamines, and sugars. These compounds stabilize the osmotic differences between surroundings of cell and the cytosol. Besides, they also protect the plant cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of harmful ROS like hydroxyl ions, superoxide ions, hydrogen peroxide, and other free radicals. The accumulation of osmolytes is further modulated by phytohormones like abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. It is thus important to understand the mechanisms regulating the phytohormone-mediated accumulation of osmolytes in plants during abiotic stresses. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of phytohormone-regulated osmolyte accumulation along with their various functions in plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Environment Education, Government College of Commerce and Business Administration, Chandigarh 160047, India
| | | | - Neha Handa
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Fu Y, Gu Q, Dong Q, Zhang Z, Lin C, Hu W, Pan R, Guan Y, Hu J. Spermidine Enhances Heat Tolerance of Rice Seeds by Modulating Endogenous Starch and Polyamine Metabolism. Molecules 2019; 24:E1395. [PMID: 30970602 PMCID: PMC6480098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines have been reported to be involved in grain filling and they might contribute to the construction of heat resistance of some cereals. In this study, the hybrid rice 'YLY 689' was used to explore the possible effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on seed quality under high temperature during the filling stage. Rice spikes were treated with Spd or its synthesis inhibitor cyclohexylamine (CHA) after pollination, and then the rice plants were transferred to 40 °C for 5-day heat treatment. The results showed that, compared with the control under high temperature, Spd pretreatment significantly improved the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, seedling shoot height, and dry weight of seeds harvested at 35 days after pollination, while the CHA significantly decreased the seed germination and seedling growth. Meanwhile, Spd significantly increased the peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in seeds. In addition, after spraying with Spd, the endogenous content of spermidine and spermine and the expression of their synthetic genes, spermidine synthase (SPDSYN) and spermine synthase (SPMS1 and SPMS2), significantly increased, whereas the accumulation of amylose and total starch and the expression of their related synthase genes, soluble starch synthase II-3 (SS II-3) and granules bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), also increased to some extent. The data suggests that exogenous Spd pretreatment could alleviate the negative impacts of high temperature stress on rice seed grain filling and improve the rice seed quality to some extent, which might be partly caused by up-regulating endogenous polyamines and starch metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Qian Dong
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Cheng Lin
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Weimin Hu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Ronghui Pan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Yajing Guan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Jin Hu
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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15
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Marco F, Busó E, Lafuente T, Carrasco P. Spermine Confers Stress Resilience by Modulating Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Stress Responses in Arabidopsis Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:972. [PMID: 31417589 PMCID: PMC6684778 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) constitute a group of low molecular weight aliphatic amines that have been implicated as key players in growth and development processes, as well as in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Transgenic plants overexpressing PA-biosynthetic genes show increased tolerance to abiotic stress. Therein, abscisic acid (ABA) is the hormone involved in plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought or high salinity. An increase in the level of free spermine (Spm) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased levels of endogenous ABA and promoted, in a Spm-dependent way, transcription of different ABA inducible genes. This phenotype was only partially reversed by blocking ABA biosynthesis, indicating an ABA independent response mediated by Spm. Moreover, the phenotype was reproduced by adding Spm to Col0 wild-type Arabidopsis plants. In contrast, Spm-deficient mutants showed a lower tolerance to salt stress. These results indicate that Spm plays a key role in modulating plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Marco
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Lafuente
- Departamento de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro Carrasco,
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Interaction of polyamines, abscisic acid and proline under osmotic stress in the leaves of wheat plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12839. [PMID: 30150658 PMCID: PMC6110863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact relationship between polyamine, abscisic acid and proline metabolisms is still poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of putrescine and abscisic acid treatments alone or in combination with polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress were investigated in young wheat plants. It was observed that abscisic acid plays a role in the coordinated regulation of the proline and polyamine biosynthetic pathways, which compounds are related to each other through a common precursor. Abscisic acid pre-treatment induced similar alteration of polyamine contents as the osmotic stress, namely increased the putrescine, but decreased the spermidine contents in the leaves. These changes were mainly related to the polyamine cycle, as both the synthesis and peroxisomal oxidation of polyamines have been induced at gene expression level. Although abscisic acid and osmotic stress influenced the proline metabolism differently, the highest proline accumulation was observed in the case of abscisic acid treatments. The proline metabolism was partly regulated independently and not in an antagonistic manner from polyamine synthesis. Results suggest that the connection, which exists between polyamine metabolism and abscisic acid signalling leads to the controlled regulation and maintenance of polyamine and proline levels under osmotic stress conditions in wheat seedlings.
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Shao T, Li L, Wu Y, Chen M, Long X, Shao H, Liu Z, Rengel Z. Balance between salt stress and endogenous hormones influence dry matter accumulation in Jerusalem artichoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:891-898. [PMID: 27320740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most serious environmental stresses limiting agricultural production. Production of Jerusalem artichoke on saline land is strategically important for using saline land resources. The interaction between plant hormones and salinity stress in governing Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) growth is unclear. Jerusalem artichoke (variety Nanyu-1) was grown under variable salinity stress in the field, and a role of endogenous hormones [zeatin (ZT), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA)] in regulating sugar and dry matter accumulation in tubers was characterized. Under mild salt stress (≤2.2gNaClkg(-1) soil), Nanyu-1 grew well with no significant alteration of dry matter distribution to stems and tubers. In contrast, under moderate salt stress (2.7gNaClkg(-1) soil), the distribution to stem decreased and to tubers decreased significantly. Mild salt stress induced sugar accumulation in tubers at the beginning of the tuber-expansion period, but significantly inhibited (i) transfer of non-reducing sugars to tubers, and (ii) polymerization and accumulation of fructan during the tuber-expansion stage. Under different salinity stress, before the stolon growth, the ratio of IAA/ABA in leaves increased significantly and that of GA3/ABA increased slightly; during tuber development, these ratios continued to decrease and reached the minimum late in the tuber-expansion period. While, salt stress inhibited (i) underground dry matter accumulation, (ii) tuber dry matter accumulation efficiency, (iii) transport of non-reducing sugars to tubers, and (iv) fructan accumulation efficiency during the tuber-expansion period; these effects were accompanied by significantly decreased tuber yield with an increase in salinity. With soil salinity increasing, the synthesis of IAA and GA3 was inhibited in leaves and tubers, while ABA synthesis was stimulated. In brief, tuber yield would significantly decreased with the increase of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yawen Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manxia Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Institute of Agro-biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhaopu Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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18
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Sánchez-Rangel D, Chávez-Martínez AI, Rodríguez-Hernández AA, Maruri-López I, Urano K, Shinozaki K, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Simultaneous Silencing of Two Arginine Decarboxylase Genes Alters Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:300. [PMID: 27014322 PMCID: PMC4789552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are small aliphatic polycations that are found ubiquitously in all organisms. In plants, PAs are involved in diverse biological processes such as growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the arginine decarboxylase enzymes (ADC1 and 2) catalyze the first step of PA biosynthesis. For a better understanding of PA biological functions, mutants in PA biosynthesis have been generated; however, the double adc1/adc2 mutant is not viable in A. thaliana. In this study, we generated non-lethal A. thaliana lines through an artificial microRNA that simultaneously silenced the two ADC genes (amiR:ADC). The generated transgenic lines (amiR:ADC-L1 and -L2) showed reduced AtADC1 and AtADC2 transcript levels. For further analyses the amiR:ADC-L2 line was selected. We found that the amiR:ADC-L2 line showed a significant decrease of their PA levels. The co-silencing revealed a stunted growth in A. thaliana seedlings, plantlets and delay in its flowering rate; these phenotypes were reverted with PA treatment. In addition, amiR:ADC-L2 plants displayed two seed phenotypes, such as yellow and brownish seeds. The yellow mutant seeds were smaller than adc1, adc2 mutants and wild type seeds; however, the brownish were the smallest seeds with arrested embryos at the torpedo stage. These data reinforce the importance of PA homeostasis in the plant development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACSan Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ana I. Chávez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACSan Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Aída A. Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACSan Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Israel Maruri-López
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACSan Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukuba, Japan
| | - Juan F. Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACSan Luis Potosí, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan F. Jiménez Bremont
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Maruri-López I, Hernández-Sánchez IE, Ferrando A, Carbonell J, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Characterization of maize spermine synthase 1 (ZmSPMS1): Evidence for dimerization and intracellular location. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:264-71. [PMID: 26500203 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous positively charged metabolites that play an important role in wide fundamental cellular processes; because of their importance, the homeostasis of these amines is tightly regulated. Spermine synthase catalyzes the formation of polyamine spermine, which is necessary for growth and development in higher eukaryotes. Previously, we reported a stress inducible spermine synthase 1 (ZmSPMS1) gene from maize. The ZmSPMS1 enzyme differs from their dicot orthologous by a C-terminal extension, which contains a degradation PEST sequence involved in its turnover. Herein, we demonstrate that ZmSPMS1 protein interacts with itself in split yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays. A Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assay revealed that ZmSPMS1 homodimer has a cytoplasmic localization. In order to gain a better understanding about ZmSPMS1 interaction, two deletion constructs of ZmSPMS1 protein were obtained. The ΔN-ZmSPMS1 version, where the first 74 N-terminal amino acids were eliminated, showed reduced capability of dimer formation, whereas the ΔC-ZmSPMS1 version, lacking the last 40 C-terminal residues, dramatically abated the ZmSPMS1-ZmSPMS1 protein interaction. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli of ZmSPMS1 derived versions revealed that deletion of its N-terminal domain affected the spermine biosynthesis, whereas C-terminal ZmSPMS1 truncated version fail to generate this polyamine. These data suggest that N- and C-terminal domains of ZmSPMS1 play a role in a functional homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica AC, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, C.P. 78216, AP 3-74 Tangamanga, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Itzell E Hernández-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica AC, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, C.P. 78216, AP 3-74 Tangamanga, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carbonell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica AC, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, C.P. 78216, AP 3-74 Tangamanga, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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López-Gómez M, Cobos-Porras L, Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Lluch C. Occurrence of polyamines in root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in symbiosis with Rhizobium tropici in response to salt stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:32-41. [PMID: 25220497 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight aliphatic compounds that have been shown to be an important part of plant responses to salt stress. For that reason in this work we have investigated the involvement of PAs in the response to salt stress in root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in symbiosis with Rhizobium tropici. The level and variety of PAs was higher in nodules, compared to leaves and roots, and in addition to the common PAs (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) we found homospermidine (Homspd) as the most abundant polyamine in nodules. UPLC-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 4-aminobutylcadaverine (4-ABcad), only described in nodules of Vigna angularis before. Indeed, the analysis of different nodular fractions revealed higher level of 4-ABcad, as well as Homspd, in bacteroids which indicate the production of these PAs by the bacteria in symbiosis. The genes involved in PAs biosynthesis in nodules displayed an induction under salt stress conditions which was not consistent with the decline of free PAs levels, probably due to the nitrogen limitations provoked by the nitrogenase activity depletion and/or the conversion of free PAs to theirs soluble conjugated forms, that seems to be one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of PAs levels. On the contrary, cadaverine (Cad) and 4-ABcad concentrations augmented by the salinity, which might be due to their involvement in the response of bacteroids to hyper-osmotic conditions. In conclusion, the results shown in this work suggest the alteration of the bacteroidal metabolism towards the production of uncommon PAs such as 4-ABcad in the response to salt stress in legume root nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Libertad Cobos-Porras
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Palma F, López-Gómez M, Tejera NA, Lluch C. Involvement of abscisic acid in the response of Medicago sativa plants in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti to salinity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 223:16-24. [PMID: 24767111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are classified as salt-sensitive crops with their productivity particularly affected by salinity. Abcisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the response to environmental stresses as signal molecule which led us to study its role in the response of nitrogen fixation and antioxidant metabolism in root nodules of Medicago sativa under salt stress conditions. Adult plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti were treated with 1 μM and 10 μM ABA two days before 200 mM salt addition. Exogenous ABA together with the salt treatment provoked a strong induction of the ABA content in the nodular tissue which alleviated the inhibition induced by salinity in the plant growth and nitrogen fixation. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were induced by ABA pre-treatments under salt stress conditions which together with the reduction of the lipid peroxidation, suggest a role for ABA as signal molecule in the activation of the nodular antioxidant metabolism. Interaction between ABA and polyamines (PAs), described as anti-stress molecules, was studied being detected an induction of the common polyamines spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) levels by ABA under salt stress conditions. In conclusion, ABA pre-treatment improved the nitrogen fixation capacity under salt stress conditions by the induction of the nodular antioxidant defenses which may be mediated by the common PAs Spd and Spm that seems to be involved in the anti-stress response induced by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Palma
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - N A Tejera
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - C Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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22
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Maruri-López I, Rodríguez-Kessler M, Rodríguez-Hernández AA, Becerra-Flora A, Olivares-Grajales JE, Jiménez-Bremont JF. A maize spermine synthase 1 PEST sequence fused to the GUS reporter protein facilitates proteolytic degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 78:80-7. [PMID: 24642522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic compounds involved in various biochemical, cellular and physiological processes in all organisms. In plants, genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism are regulated at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational level. In this research, we focused on the characterization of a PEST sequence (rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine) of the maize spermine synthase 1 (ZmSPMS1). To this aim, 123 bp encoding 40 amino acids of the C-terminal region of the ZmSPMS1 enzyme containing the PEST sequence were fused to the GUS reporter gene. This fusion was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines and onion monolayers transient expression system. The ZmSPMS1 PEST sequence leads to specific degradation of the GUS reporter protein. It is suggested that the 26S proteasome may be involved in GUS::PEST fusion degradation in both onion and Arabidopsis. The PEST sequences appear to be present in plant spermine synthases, mainly in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Maruri-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Aída Araceli Rodríguez-Hernández
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan Elías Olivares-Grajales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Pathak MR, Teixeira da Silva JA, Wani SH. Polyamines in response to abiotic stress tolerance through transgenic approaches. GM CROPS & FOOD 2014; 5:87-96. [PMID: 24710064 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, growth, development and productivity of crop plants are greatly affected by various abiotic stresses. Worldwide, sustainable crop productivity is facing major challenges caused by abiotic stresses by reducing the potential yield in crop plants by as much as 70%. Plants can generally adapt to one or more environmental stresses to some extent. Physiological and molecular studies at transcriptional, translational, and transgenic plant levels have shown the pronounced involvement of naturally occurring plant polyamines (PAs), in controlling, conferring, and modulating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. PAs are small, low molecular weight, non-protein polycations at physiological pH, that are present in all living organisms, and that have strong binding capacity to negatively charged DNA, RNA, and different protein molecules. They play an important role in plant growth and development by controlling the cell cycle, acting as cell signaling molecules in modulating plant tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses. The commonly known PAs, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine tend to accumulate together accompanied by an increase in the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes under a range of environmental stresses. PAs help plants to combat stresses either directly or by mediating a signal transduction pathway, as shown by molecular cloning and expression studies of PA biosynthesis-related genes, knowledge of the functions of PAs, as demonstrated by developmental studies, and through the analysis of transgenic plants carrying PA genes. This review highlights how PAs in higher plants act during environmental stress and how transgenic strategies have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabika Roy Pathak
- Desert and Arid Zone Sciences Program; College of Graduate Studies; Arabian Gulf University; Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Shabir H Wani
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding; SKUAST-K; Shalimar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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Jiménez-Bremont JF, Marina M, Guerrero-González MDLL, Rossi FR, Sánchez-Rangel D, Rodríguez-Kessler M, Ruiz OA, Gárriz A. Physiological and molecular implications of plant polyamine metabolism during biotic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:95. [PMID: 24672533 PMCID: PMC3957736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During ontogeny, plants interact with a wide variety of microorganisms. The association with mutualistic microbes results in benefits for the plant. By contrast, pathogens may cause a remarkable impairment of plant growth and development. Both types of plant-microbe interactions provoke notable changes in the polyamine (PA) metabolism of the host and/or the microbe, being each interaction a complex and dynamic process. It has been well documented that the levels of free and conjugated PAs undergo profound changes in plant tissues during the interaction with microorganisms. In general, this is correlated with a precise and coordinated regulation of PA biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Interestingly, some evidence suggests that the relative importance of these metabolic pathways may depend on the nature of the microorganism, a concept that stems from the fact that these amines mediate the activation of plant defense mechanisms. This effect is mediated mostly through PA oxidation, even though part of the response is activated by non-oxidized PAs. In the last years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to profile plant gene expression following microorganism recognition. In addition, the phenotypes of transgenic and mutant plants in PA metabolism genes have been assessed. In this review, we integrate the current knowledge on this field and analyze the possible roles of these amines during the interaction of plants with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Jiménez-Bremont
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis PotosíMéxico
| | - María Marina
- UB3, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasChascomús, Argentina
| | | | - Franco R. Rossi
- UB3, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasChascomús, Argentina
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis PotosíMéxico
| | | | - Oscar A. Ruiz
- UB1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasChascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- UB3, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasChascomús, Argentina
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Li B, He L, Guo S, Li J, Yang Y, Yan B, Sun J, Li J. Proteomics reveal cucumber Spd-responses under normal condition and salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 67:7-14. [PMID: 23524299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of exogenous Spd on proteomic changes under normal condition and NaCl stress of 3 days in cucumber seedling leaves, a 2-DE gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was performed. A total of 63 differentially expressed proteins responded to salt stress or exogenous Spd treatments, and they were all successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Many changes were observed in the levels of proteins involved in energy and metabolic pathways, protein metabolic, stress defense, and other functional proteins. Increased salt tolerance by exogenous Spd would contribute to higher expressions of proteins involved in the SAMs metabolism, protein biosynthesis, and defense mechanisms on antioxidant and detoxification. Meanwhile, the regulation of Calvin cycle, protein folding assembly and the inhibition of protein proteolysis by Spd might play important roles in salt tolerance. This study provides insight that may facilitate a better understanding of the salt resistance by Spd in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Lizhong He
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian), Academy of Protected Horticulture, Jiangsu, Suqian 223800, China
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26
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Identification of differential expression genes in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to heat stress by cDNA-AFLP analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:576189. [PMID: 23509744 PMCID: PMC3590577 DOI: 10.1155/2013/576189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High temperature impedes the growth and productivity of various crop species. To date, rice (Oryza sativa L.) has not been exploited to understand the molecular basis of its abnormally high level of temperature tolerance. To identify transcripts induced by heat stress, twenty-day-old rice seedlings of different rice cultivars suffering from heat stress were treated at different times, and differential gene expression analyses in leaves were performed by cDNA-AFLP and further verified by real-time RT-PCR. In aggregate, more than three thousand different fragments were indentified, and 49 fragments were selected for the sequence and differential expressed genes were classified functionally into different groups. 6 of 49 fragments were measured by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, the variations of three different polyamine contents in response to heat stress through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were also performed. The results and their direct and indirect relationships to heat stress tolerance mechanism were discussed.
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27
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Vuosku J, Suorsa M, Ruottinen M, Sutela S, Muilu-Mäkelä R, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Sarjala T, Neubauer P, Häggman H. Polyamine metabolism during exponential growth transition in Scots pine embryogenic cell culture. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:1274-87. [PMID: 23022686 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine (PA) metabolism was studied in liquid cultures of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) embryogenic cells. The focus of the study was on the metabolic changes at the interphase between the initial lag phase and the exponential growth phase. PA concentrations fluctuated in the liquid cultures as follows. Putrescine (Put) concentrations increased, whereas spermidine (Spd) concentrations decreased in both free and soluble conjugated PA fractions. The concentrations of free and soluble conjugated spermine (Spm) remained low, and small amounts of excreted PAs were also found in the culture medium. The minor production of secondary metabolites reflected the undifferentiated stage of the embryogenic cell culture. Put was produced via the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) pathway. Futhermore, the gene expression data suggested that the accumulation of Put was caused neither by an increase in Put biosynthesis nor by a decrease in Put catabolism, but resulted mainly from the decrease in the biosynthesis of Spd and Spm. Put seemed to play an important role in cell proliferation in Scots pine embryogenic cells, but the low pH of the culture medium could also, at least partially, be the reason for the accumulation of endogenous Put. High Spd concentrations at the initiation of the culture, when cells were exposed to stress and cell death, suggested that Spd may act not only as a protector against stress but also as a growth suppressor, when proliferative growth is not promoted. All in all, Scots pine embryogenic cell culture was proved to be a favourable experimental platform to study PA metabolism and, furthermore, the developed system may also be beneficial in experiments where, e.g., the effect of specific stressors on PA metabolism is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Vuosku
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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28
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Ruiz-Carrasco K, Antognoni F, Coulibaly AK, Lizardi S, Covarrubias A, Martínez EA, Molina-Montenegro MA, Biondi S, Zurita-Silva A. Variation in salinity tolerance of four lowland genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as assessed by growth, physiological traits, and sodium transporter gene expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:1333-41. [PMID: 22000057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) is an Andean plant showing a remarkable tolerance to abiotic stresses. In Chile, quinoa populations display a high degree of genetic distancing, and variable tolerance to salinity. To investigate which tolerance mechanisms might account for these differences, four genotypes from coastal central and southern regions were compared for their growth, physiological, and molecular responses to NaCl at seedling stage. Seeds were sown on agar plates supplemented with 0, 150 or 300mM NaCl. Germination was significantly reduced by NaCl only in accession BO78. Shoot length was reduced by 150mM NaCl in three out of four genotypes, and by over 60% at 300mM (except BO78 which remained more similar to controls). Root length was hardly affected or even enhanced at 150mM in all four genotypes, but inhibited, especially in BO78, by 300mM NaCl. Thus, the root/shoot ratio was differentially affected by salt, with the highest values in PRJ, and the lowest in BO78. Biomass was also less affected in PRJ than in the other accessions, the genotype with the highest increment in proline concentration upon salt treatment. Free putrescine declined dramatically in all genotypes under 300mM NaCl; however (spermidine+spermine)/putrescine ratios were higher in PRJ than BO78. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses of two sodium transporter genes, CqSOS1 and CqNHX, revealed that their expression was differentially induced at the shoot and root level, and between genotypes, by 300mM NaCl. Expression data are discussed in relation to the degree of salt tolerance in the different accessions.
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29
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Profiling the aminopropyltransferases in plants: their structure, expression and manipulation. Amino Acids 2011; 42:813-30. [PMID: 21861167 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are organic polycations that are involved in a wide range of cellular activities related to growth, development, and stress response in plants. Higher polyamines spermidine and spermine are synthesized in plants and animals by a class of enzymes called aminopropyltransferases that transfer aminopropyl moieties (derived from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine) to putrescine and spermidine to produce spermidine and spermine, respectively. The higher polyamines show a much tighter homeostatic regulation of their metabolism than the diamine putrescine in most plants; therefore, the aminopropyltransferases are of high significance. We present here a comprehensive summary of the current literature on plant aminopropyltransferases including their distribution, biochemical properties, genomic organization, pattern of expression during development, and their responses to abiotic stresses, and manipulation of their cellular activity through chemical inhibitors, mutations, and genetic engineering. This minireview complements several recent reviews on the overall biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and their physiological roles in plants and animals. It is concluded that (1) plants often have two copies of the common aminopropyltransferase genes which exhibit redundancy of function, (2) their genomic organization is highly conserved, (3) direct enzyme activity data on biochemical properties of these enzymes are scant, (4) often there is a poor correlation among transcripts, enzyme activity and cellular contents of the respective polyamine, and (5) transgenic work mostly confirms the tight regulation of cellular contents of spermidine and spermine. An understanding of expression and regulation of aminopropyltransferases at the metabolic level will help us in effective use of genetic engineering approaches for the improvement in nutritional value and stress responses of plants.
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30
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Xu X, Shi G, Jia R. Changes of polyamine levels in roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. under copper stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 19:2973-2982. [PMID: 22354357 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of Cu contamination on the above-mentioned biochemical and physiological parameters in order to explore possible prevention strategies against heavy metal stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of copper (Cu) on the roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. were studied after 10 days of treatment at five concentration levels. The accumulation of Cu, the generation rate of O(2) (·-), the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and polyamines, as well as the activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in the roots were measured and analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was observed that endogenous Cu content increased in roots of S. sagittifolia L. in a concentration-dependent manner, along with an increased production of O(2) (·-). TBARS content increased progressively up to 5 μmol l(-1) Cu. A constant increase in ADC activity was also observed. The results indicated that lower Cu concentrations (2.5 and 5 μmol l(-1), respectively) had greater enhancing effect on the contents of free Put and perchloric acid-soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) putrescine (Put), while Cu treatments at different concentration levels had similar enhancing effect on the content of perchloric acid-insoluble bound Put. In total, Put content in each Cu-treated group was higher than that in the control group. PAO activity was inhibited up to 10 μmol l(-1) Cu but enhanced at higher Cu concentrations (20 and 40 μmol l(-1)). This explained the initial rise and subsequent decline of the contents of all forms of spermine (Spm), free and PS-conjugated spermidine (Spd). However, with the increase of Cu concentration, total Spm content increased gradually while total Spd content decreased. Our results suggest that Cu is phytotoxic to the roots of S. sagittifolia L. at high concentrations, and that the increased Spm level is not sufficient to resist Cu-induced oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210046, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Campestre MP, Bordenave CD, Origone AC, Menéndez AB, Ruiz OA, Rodríguez AA, Maiale SJ. Polyamine catabolism is involved in response to salt stress in soybean hypocotyls. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1234-40. [PMID: 21324548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possible relationship between polyamine catabolism mediated by copper-containing amine oxidase and the elongation of soybean hypocotyls from plants exposed to NaCl has been studied. Salt treatment reduced values of all hypocotyl growth parameters. In vitro, copper-containing amine oxidase activity was up to 77-fold higher than that of polyamine oxidase. This enzyme preferred cadaverine over putrescine and it was active even under the saline condition. On the other hand, saline stress increased spermine and cadaverine levels, and the in vivo copper-containing amine oxidase activity in the elongation zone of hypocotyls. The last effect was negatively modulated by the addition of the copper-containing amine oxidase inhibitor N,N'-diaminoguanidine. In turn, plants treated with the inhibitor showed a significant reduction of reactive oxygen species in the elongation zone, even in the saline situation. In addition, plants grown in cadaverine-amended culture medium showed increased hypocotyl length either in saline or control conditions and this effect was also abolished by N,N'-diaminoguanidine. Taken together, our results suggest that the activity of the copper-containing amine oxidase may be partially contributing to hypocotyl growth under saline stress, through the production of hydrogen peroxide by polyamine catabolism and reinforce the importance of polyamine catabolism and hydrogen peroxide production in the induction of salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Campestre
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Km 6 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
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32
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Alet AI, Sánchez DH, Ferrando A, Tiburcio AF, Alcazar R, Cuevas JC, Altabella T, Pico FM, Carrasco-Sorli P, Menéndez AB, Ruiz OA. Homeostatic control of polyamine levels under long-term salt stress in Arabidopsis: changes in putrescine content do not alleviate ionic toxicity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:237-42. [PMID: 21330788 PMCID: PMC3121984 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.2.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has been frequently studied in its first osmotic phase. Very often, data regarding the second ionic phase is missing. It has also been suggested that Putrescine or/and Spermine could be responsible for salt resistance. In order to test this hypothesis under long-term salt stress, we obtained Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants harboring pRD29A::oatADC or pRD29A::GUS construction. Although Putrescine was the only polyamine significantly increased after salt acclimation in pRD29A::oatADC transgenic lines, this rendered in no advantage to this kind of stress. The higher Spermine levels found in WT and transgenic lines when compared to control conditions along with no increment on Putrescine levels in WT plants under salt acclimation, leads us to analyze Spermine effect on pADC1 and pADC2 expression. Increasing levels of this polyamine inhibits these promoters expression while enhances pRD29A expression, making Spermine the polyamine responsible for salt acclimation, and the transgenic lines developed in this work suitable for studying Putrescine roles in conditions where its biosynthesis would be inhibited in the WT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía I Alet
- Unidad de Biotecnología, IIB-INTECH (UNSAM-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Rodríguez-Kessler M, Delgado-Sánchez P, Rodríguez-Kessler GT, Moriguchi T, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Genomic organization of plant aminopropyl transferases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:574-590. [PMID: 20381365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aminopropyl transferases like spermidine synthase (SPDS; EC 2.5.1.16), spermine synthase and thermospermine synthase (SPMS, tSPMS; EC 2.5.1.22) belong to a class of widely distributed enzymes that use decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and putrescine or spermidine as an amino acceptor to form in that order spermidine, spermine or thermospermine. We describe the analysis of plant genomic sequences encoding SPDS, SPMS, tSPMS and PMT (putrescine N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.53). Genome organization (including exon size, gain and loss, as well as intron number, size, loss, retention, placement and phase, and the presence of transposons) of plant aminopropyl transferase genes were compared between the genomic sequences of SPDS, SPMS and tSPMS from Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Malus x domestica, Populus trichocarpa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. In addition, the genomic organization of plant PMT genes, proposed to be derived from SPDS during the evolution of alkaloid metabolism, is illustrated. Herein, a particular conservation and arrangement of exon and intron sequences between plant SPDS, SPMS and PMT genes that clearly differs with that of ACL5 genes, is shown. The possible acquisition of the plant SPMS exon II and, in particular exon XI in the monocot SPMS genes, is a remarkable feature that allows their differentiation from SPDS genes. In accordance with our in silico analysis, functional complementation experiments of the maize ZmSPMS1 enzyme (previously considered to be SPDS) in yeast demonstrated its spermine synthase activity. Another significant aspect is the conservation of intron sequences among SPDS and PMT paralogs. In addition the existence of microsynteny among some SPDS paralogs, especially in P. trichocarpa and A. thaliana, supports duplication events of plant SPDS genes. Based in our analysis, we hypothesize that SPMS genes appeared with the divergence of vascular plants by a processes of gene duplication and the acquisition of unique exons of as-yet unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Janicka-Russak M, Kabała K, Młodzińska E, Kłobus G. The role of polyamines in the regulation of the plasma membrane and the tonoplast proton pumps under salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:261-269. [PMID: 19857911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine content (PAs) often changes in response to abiotic stresses. It was shown that the accumulation of PAs decreased in roots treated for 24h with 200 mM NaCl. The role of polyamines (putrescine - PUT, spermidine - SPD and spermine - SPM) in the modification of the plasma membrane(PM) H(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.6) and the vacuolar(V) H(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.3.14) activities in cucumber roots treated with NaCl was investigated. 24h treatment of seedlings with 50 microM PUT, SPD or SPM lowered the activities of proton pumps in both membranes. The decreased H(+)-ATPase activity in plasma membranes isolated from the PA-treated roots was positively correlated with a lower level of PM-H(+)-ATPase CsHA3 transcript. However, transcript levels of PM-H(+)-ATPase CsHA2 and V-ATPase subunit A and c in roots treated with 50 microM PAs were similar to those in the control. Additionally, treatment of plants with salt markedly increased the activity of the PM- and V-H(+)-ATPases. However, exposure of plants to 20% PEG had no effect on these activities. These data suggest that, under salt stress conditions, the increase in H(+)-ATPase activities is caused mainly by the ionic component of salt stress. It seems that the main role of the PAs in the 24h salt-treated cucumber plants could be a result of their cationic character. The PA levels decreased when concentration of Na(+) increased, so action of PAs contributes to ionic equilibrium. Moreover, the decrease in the concentration of polyamines, which inhibit the PM-H(+)-ATPase and the V-H(+)-ATPase, at least under the studied conditions, seems to be beneficial. Thus, plants can increase salinity tolerance by modifying the biosynthesis of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Janicka-Russak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of WrocŁaw, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 WrocŁaw, Poland.
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Thiemann A, Fu J, Schrag TA, Melchinger AE, Frisch M, Scholten S. Correlation between parental transcriptome and field data for the characterization of heterosis in Zea mays L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:401-13. [PMID: 19888564 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterosis is widely exploited in plant breeding, although its molecular basis is still not fully understood. For the characterization of this phenomenon and the development of transcriptome-based methods to predict hybrid performance (HP), we applied a microarray (46k) analysis of 21 European maize (Zea mays L.), 14 dent and 7 flint parental inbred lines. Expression profiles of the parental inbreds at the seedling stage were correlated with grain yield (GY) and grain dry matter content (GDMC) of 98 flint x dent factorial crosses at six locations. We observed highly significant correlations of the parental expression levels of certain differentially expressed genes with heterosis and HP for GY and also with HP for GDMC. This strong correlation provided first evidence toward a prediction potential of the genes and their expression levels. The identified gene set based on the parental transcriptome data revealed functional characteristics of HP and heterosis. Gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed to compare genes correlated with their expression pattern to HP for GY and GDMC, respectively. Between these gene groups, mostly different functional classes of genes were found to be enriched or underrepresented. The phenomenon of heterosis was characterized by the over- and underrepresentation of specific GO terms among heterosis-correlated genes.
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Ben Hassine A, Ghanem ME, Bouzid S, Lutts S. Abscisic acid has contrasting effects on salt excretion and polyamine concentrations of an inland and a coastal population of the Mediterranean xero-halophyte species Atriplex halimus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:925-36. [PMID: 19666900 PMCID: PMC2749539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different populations of the Mediterranean xerohalophyte species Atriplex halimus exhibit different levels of resistance to salt and osmotic stress depending on the nature of the osmocompatible solute they accumulate. There is, however, no conclusive description of the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in the plant response to NaCl or osmotic stress in this species. METHODS Seedlings issued from an inland water-stress-resistant population (Sbikha) and from a coastal salt-resistant one (Monastir) were exposed in nutrient solutions to NaCl (40 or 160 mm) or to 15 % PEG for 1 d and 10 d in the presence or absence of 50 microm ABA. KEY RESULTS Plants from Sbikha accumulated higher amounts of ABA in response to osmotic stress than those of Monastir, while an opposite trend was recorded for NaCl exposure. Exogenous ABA improved osmotic stress resistance in Monastir through an improvement in the efficiency of stomatal conductance regulation. It also improved NaCl resistance in Sbikha through an increase in sodium excretion through the external bladders. It is suggested that polyamines (spermidine and spermine) are involved in the salt excretion process and that ABA contributes to polyamine synthesis as well as to the conversion from the bound and conjugated to the free soluble forms of polyamine. Proline accumulated in response to osmotic stress and slightly increased in response to ABA treatment while glycinebetaine accumulated in response to salinity and was not influenced by ABA. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that ABA is involved in both salt and osmotic stress resistance in the xerohalophyte species Atriplex halimus but that it acts on different physiological cues in response to those distinct environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ben Hassine
- Laboratoire de Biologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M. E. Ghanem
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 13) Place Croix-du-Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S. Bouzid
- Laboratoire de Biologie végétale, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus universitaire, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S. Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 13) Place Croix-du-Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Rodríguez AA, Maiale SJ, Menéndez AB, Ruiz OA. Polyamine oxidase activity contributes to sustain maize leaf elongation under saline stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:4249-62. [PMID: 19717530 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The possible involvement of apoplastic reactive oxygen species produced by the oxidation of free polyamines in the leaf growth of salinized maize has been studied here. Salt treatment increased the apoplastic spermine and spermidine levels, mainly in the leaf blade elongation zone. The total activity of polyamine oxidase was up to 20-fold higher than that of the copper-containing amine oxidase. Measurements of H(2)O(2), *O(2)(-), and HO* production in the presence or absence of the polyamine oxidase inhibitors 1,19-bis-(ethylamine)-5,10,15 triazanonadecane and 1,8-diamino-octane suggest that, in salinized plants, the oxidation of free apoplastic polyamines by polyamine oxidase by would be the main source of reactive oxygen species in the elongation zone of maize leaf blades. This effect is probably due to increased substrate availability. Incubation with 200 microM spermine doubled segment elongation, whereas the addition of 1,19-bis-(ethylamine)-5,10,15 triazanonadecane and 1,8-diamino-octane to 200 microM spermine attenuated and reversed the last effect, respectively. Similarly, the addition of MnCl(2) (an *O(2)(-) dismutating agent) or the HO* scavenger sodium benzoate along with spermine, annulled the elongating effect of the polyamine on the salinized segments. As a whole, the results obtained here demonstrated that, under salinity, polyamine oxidase activity provides a significant production of reactive oxygen species in the apoplast which contributes to 25-30% of the maize leaf blade elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alberto Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Camino de Circunvalación Laguna, Chascomús, Argentina.
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Parvin S, Kim YJ, Pulla RK, Sathiyamoorthy S, Miah MG, Kim YJ, Wasnik NG, Yang DC. Identification and characterization of spermidine synthase gene from Panax ginseng. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:923-32. [PMID: 19685160 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A full length spermidine synthase (PgSPD) cDNA was isolated and characterized from the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The cDNA was 1,188 nucleotides long and had an open reading frame of 1,002 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 333 residues. The calculated molecular mass of the matured protein is approximately 36.38 kDa with a predicated isoelectric point of 5.02. A GenBank BlastX search revealed that the deduced amino acid of PgSPD shares a high degree homology with the Lotus japonicas (78.5% identity, 84% similarity). In the present study we analyzed the expression of PgSPD under various environmental stresses at different time points using real time-PCR. We also determined polyamine content in adventitious roots under salt and chilling stress using HPLC. Our results reveal that PgSPD is slightly induced by mannitol and CuSO4. Otherwise, salt, chilling, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid triggered a significant induction (more than tenfold) of PgSPD within 12-24 h post-treatment, especially; PgSPD was prominently induced by salt (41.5-fold). These results suggest that the transcript of Spd gene involved in PA biosynthesis shows different profiles of expression in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohana Parvin
- Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon, Giheung-gu Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-701, South Korea
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Szepesi A, Csiszár J, Gémes K, Horváth E, Horváth F, Simon ML, Tari I. Salicylic acid improves acclimation to salt stress by stimulating abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity and abscisic acid accumulation, and increases Na+ content in leaves without toxicity symptoms in Solanum lycopersicum L. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 166:914-25. [PMID: 19185387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment with 10(-4)M salicylic acid (SA) in hydroponic culture medium provided protection against salinity stress in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Rio Fuego). The effect of 10(-7) or 10(-4)M SA on the water status of plants was examined in relation to the biosynthesis and accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in order to reveal the role of SA in the subsequent response to salt stress. Both pre-treatments inhibited the K+(86Rb+) uptake of plants, reduced the K+ content of leaves, and caused a decrease in leaf water potential (psi(w)). Due to the changes in the cellular water status, SA triggered the accumulation of ABA. Since the decrease in psi(w) proved to be transient, the effect of SA on ABA synthesis may also develop via other mechanisms. In spite of osmotic adaptation, the application of 10(-4)M, but not 10(-7)M SA, led to prolonged ABA accumulation and to enhanced activity of aldehyde oxidase (AO1, EC.1.2.3.1.), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of ABA-aldehyde to ABA, both in root and leaf tissues. AO2-AO4 isoforms from the root extracts also exhibited increased activities. The fact that the activities of AO are significantly enhanced both in the leaves and roots of plants exposed to 10(-4)M SA, may indicate a positive feedback regulation of ABA synthesis by ABA in this system. Moreover, during a 100mM NaCl treatment, higher levels of free putrescine or spermine were found in these leaves or roots, respectively, than in the salt-stressed controls, suggesting that polyamines may be implicated in the protection response of the cells. As a result, Na+ could be transported to the leaf mesophyll cells without known symptoms of salt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Középfasor 52, P.O. Box 654, Hungary
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Peremarti A, Bassie L, Christou P, Capell T. Spermine facilitates recovery from drought but does not confer drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants expressing Datura stramonium S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:253-64. [PMID: 19234674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are known to play important roles in plant stress tolerance but it has been difficult to determine precise functions for each type of polyamine and their interrelationships. To dissect the roles of putrescine from the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine, we generated transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing a heterologous S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene from Datura stramonium so that spermidine and spermine levels could be investigated while maintaining a constant putrescine pool. Whereas transgenic plants expressing arginine decarboxylase (ADC) produced higher levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and were protected from drought stress, transgenic plants expressing SAMDC produced normal levels of putrescine and showed drought symptoms typical of wild type plants under stress, but the transgenic plants showed a much more robust recovery on return to normal conditions (90% full recovery compared to 25% partial recovery for wild type plants). At the molecular level, both wild type and transgenic plants showed transient reductions in the levels of endogenous ADC1 and SAMDC mRNA, but only wild type plants showed a spike in putrescine levels under stress. In transgenic plants, there was no spike in putrescine but a smooth increase in spermine levels at the expense of spermidine. These results confirm and extend the threshold model for polyamine activity in drought stress, and attribute individual roles to putrescine, spermidine and spermine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Peremarti
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Cheng L, Zou Y, Ding S, Zhang J, Yu X, Cao J, Lu G. Polyamine accumulation in transgenic tomato enhances the tolerance to high temperature stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 51:489-99. [PMID: 19508360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is one of the key regulatory enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyamines. In order to better understand the effect of regulation of polyamine biosynthesis on the tolerance of high-temperature stress in tomato, SAMDC cDNA isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was introduced into tomato genome by means of Agrobacterium tumefaciens through leaf disc transformation. Transgene and expression was confirmed by Southern and Northern blot analyses, respectively. Transgenic plants expressing yeast SAMDC produced 1.7- to 2.4-fold higher levels of spermidine and spermine than wild-type plants under high temperature stress, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and the protection of membrane lipid peroxidation was also observed. This subsequently improved the efficiency of CO(2) assimilation and protected the plants from high temperature stress, which indicated that the transgenic tomato presented an enhanced tolerance to high temperature stress (38 degrees C) compared with wild-type plants. Our results demonstrated clearly that increasing polyamine biosynthesis in plants may be a means of creating high temperature-tolerant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Tuteja N, Sopory SK. Chemical signaling under abiotic stress environment in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:525-36. [PMID: 19513246 PMCID: PMC2634487 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.8.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals are critical for plant growth and development and play an important role in integrating various stress signals and controlling downstream stress responses by modulating gene expression machinery and regulating various transporters/pumps and biochemical reactions. These chemicals include calcium (Ca(2+)), cyclic nucleotides, polyphosphoinositides, nitric oxide (NO), sugars, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and polyamines. Ca(2+) is one of the very important ubiquitous second messengers in signal transduction pathways and usually its concentration increases in response to the stimuli including stress signals. Many Ca(2+) sensors detect the Ca(2+) signals and direct them to downstream signaling pathways by binding and activating diverse targets. cAMP or cGMP protects the cell with ion toxicity. Phosphoinositides are known to be involved both in transmission of signal across the plasma membrane and in intracellular signaling. NO activates various defense genes and acts as a developmental regulator in plants. Sugars affect the expression of many genes involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, nitrogen metabolism, sucrose and starch metabolism, defense mechanisms and cell cycle regulation. ABA, JA, SA and polyamines are also involved in many stress responses. Cross-talk between these chemical signaling pathways is very common in plant responses to abiotic and bitotic factors. In this article we have described the role of these chemicals in initiating signaling under stress conditions mainly the abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); New Delhi, India
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Rodríguez-Kessler M, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Zmspds2 maize gene: Coding a spermine synthase? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:551-3. [PMID: 19704464 PMCID: PMC2634492 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.8.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, growing evidence has arisen referring the importance of the proper regulation of plant polyamine metabolism in the response to stress conditions. Being the activation of signaling pathways, the stabilization of anionic molecules and prevention of their degradation, as well as the free radical scavenger properties of polyamines some possible mechanisms exerted by these amines. Accumulation of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) has been associated to plant tolerance to a wide array of environmental stresses. The synthesis of spermidine and spermine is mediated by aminopropyltransferases (spermidine and spermine synthases) which constitute a class of widely distributed enzymes that use decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor, and putrescine or spermidine as an amino acceptor. We recently reported the effect of salt stress on the expression of aminopropyltransferase genes in maize seedlings. Our data revealed a time and NaCl dependent regulation of the Zmspds2 and Zmspds1 genes, possibly mediated by abscisic acid, since these genes were regulated at the transcriptional level by this plant hormone. In this addendum, we show that the Zmspds2 gene initially classified as spermidine synthase might encode a spermine synthase based on an in silico analysis. This is discussed in terms of protein homologies and specific amino acid substitutions between aminopropyltransferase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- División de Biología Molecular; Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí México
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Rodríguez-Kessler M, Ruiz OA, Maiale S, Ruiz-Herrera J, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Polyamine metabolism in maize tumors induced by Ustilago maydis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:805-14. [PMID: 18614373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alterations occurring in polyamine metabolism of maize in tumors formed during the interaction with the biotrophic pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis were analyzed. During the process, a striking increase in maize polyamine biosynthesis, mainly free and conjugated putrescine occurred in the tumors induced by the fungus, and in the neighbor plant tissues. This increase correlated with an activation mainly of Adc, Samdc1, Zmsamdc2 and Zmsamdc3, but not of Zmodc, Zmspds1 and Zmspds2 genes, and an elevation in arginine decarboxylase activity, confirming a predominant role of this enzyme in the process. Evidences for a possible contribution of spermidine and spermine degradation by polyamine oxidase activity, probably related to cell wall stiffening or lignification during tumor growth, were also obtained. It is suggested that polyamines, mainly putrescine, might play an active role in the pathosystem maize-U. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rodríguez-Kessler
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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