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Allagulova CR, Lubyanova AR, Avalbaev AM. Multiple Ways of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants and Its Functional Activity under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11637. [PMID: 37511393 PMCID: PMC10380521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic stress factors limiting significantly plant growth and crop yield are drought, salinity, hypo-, hyperthermia, and an excess of heavy metal (HM) ions. Data on the accumulation of endogenous NO under stress factors and on the alleviation of their negative effects under exogenous NO treatments indicate the perspectives of its practical application to improve stress resistance and plant productivity. This requires fundamental knowledge of the NO metabolism and the mechanisms of its biological action in plants. NO generation occurs in plants by two main alternative mechanisms: oxidative or reductive, in spontaneous or enzymatic reactions. NO participates in plant development by controlling the processes of seed germination, vegetative growth, morphogenesis, flower transition, fruit ripening, and senescence. Under stressful conditions, NO contributes to antioxidant protection, osmotic adjustment, normalization of water balance, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, maintenance of photosynthetic reactions, and growth processes of plants. NO can exert regulative action by inducing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins changing the activity of different enzymes or transcriptional factors, modulating the expression of huge amounts of genes, including those related to stress tolerance. This review summarizes the current data concerning molecular mechanisms of NO production and its activity in plants during regulation of their life cycle and adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature stress, and HM ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alsu R Lubyanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Azamat M Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
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2
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Zhou Q, Tian Y, Li X, Wu Z, Wang X, Dong S. SNP application improves drought tolerance in soybean. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10911. [PMID: 37407630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important bioactive molecule, nitric oxide (NO) can effectively alleviate the effects of drought stress on crops. However, it is still unclear whether it can increase the stress resistance of soybean. Therefore, in this study, our objective was to explore the effect of exogenous NO application on the physiological characteristics of soybean seedlings under drought stress. As test material, two soybean varieties, HN65 and HN44, were used, while sodium nitroprusside (SNP) of 100 μmol L-1, 200 μmol L-1, 500 μmol L-1, 1000 μmol L-1 served as an exogenous NO donor, and PEG-6000 as an osmotic regulator to simulate drought stress. The effects of irrigation with different SNP concentrations for different days on the physiological characteristics of the soybean seedlings under drought conditions were then investigated. The results obtained showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic regulator contents, as well as the abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents of the plant leaves increased with increasing SNP concentration and treatment time. However, we observed that excessively high SNP concentrations decreased the activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes significantly. This study provides a theoretical basis for determining a suitable exogenous NO concentration and application duration. It also highlights strategies for exploring the mechanism by which exogenous NO regulates crop drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- Faculty of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Agriculture and Food Science and Technology Branch, Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Nangang District, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Qu Z, Tian Y, Zhou X, Li X, Zhou Q, Wang X, Dong S. Effects of Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Spraying on Physiological Characteristics of Soybean Leaves at the Flowering Stage under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1598. [PMID: 37111822 PMCID: PMC10143010 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in plant drought resistance. However, the effects of the exogenous application of NO to crops under drought stress vary within and among species. In this study, we explored the influence of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the drought resistance of soybean leaves in the full flowering stage using two varieties: drought-tolerant HN44 and non-drought-tolerant HN65. Spraying SNP on soybean leaves at the full flowering period under drought stress improved the NO content in soybean leaves. The activities of nitrite reductase (NiR) and nitrate reductase (NR) in leaves were affected by NO inhibition. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves increased with the extension of SNP application time. Contents of osmomodulatory substances, including proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), and soluble protein (SP) increased gradually with the extension of SNP application time. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased as the NO content increased, thus reducing membrane system damage. Overall, spraying SNP reduced damage and improved the ability of soybean to cope with drought. This study explored the physiological changes of SNP soybean under drought stress and provided theoretical basis for improving drought-resistant cultivation of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qu
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yumei Tian
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Agriculture and Food Science and Technology Branch, Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineering Vocational College, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- Agricultural College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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4
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Yin Y, Hu J, Tian X, Yang Z, Fang W. Nitric oxide mediates melatonin-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in germinating soybeans under NaCl stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153855. [PMID: 36335894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in exogenous melatonin (MT)-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in NaCl-stressed soybeans was investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that MT increased the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and upregulated the relative expression of NR1, NR2, and nitric oxide synthase1, which subsequently led to an increase in NO content. MT and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as an NO donor) markedly increased isoflavone content by enhancing the activities of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and by upregulating gene expression of C4H, Isoflavone synthase, PAL, and Chalcone isomerase 1A, which are involved in isoflavone biosynthesis. Moreover, MT, as well as SNP, improved the growth and biomass of NaCl-treated soybeans by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and O2•- in soybeans under NaCl stress. These MT-induced responses were entirely reversed by the supply of 4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, a specific scavenger of NO), which in turn considerably decreased endogenous NO content. These results suggest that NO acts as an important downstream signal molecule, mediating MT-induced isoflavone accumulation and growth improvement in NaCl-stressed soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Jingjing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Sun C, Sun N, Ou Y, Gong B, Jin C, Shi Q, Lin X. Phytomelatonin and plant mineral nutrition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5903-5917. [PMID: 35767844 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant mineral nutrition is critical for agricultural productivity and for human nutrition; however, the availability of mineral elements is spatially and temporally heterogeneous in many ecosystems and agricultural landscapes. Nutrient imbalances trigger intricate signalling networks that modulate plant acclimation responses. One signalling agent of particular importance in such networks is phytomelatonin, a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions. Evidence indicates that deficiencies or excesses of nutrients generally increase phytomelatonin levels in certain tissues, and it is increasingly thought to participate in the regulation of plant mineral nutrition. Alterations in endogenous phytomelatonin levels can protect plants from oxidative stress, influence root architecture, and influence nutrient uptake and efficiency of use through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation; such changes optimize mineral nutrient acquisition and ion homeostasis inside plant cells and thereby help to promote growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the regulation of plant mineral nutrition by melatonin and highlights how endogenous phytomelatonin alters plant responses to specific mineral elements. In addition, we comprehensively discuss how melatonin influences uptake and transport under conditions of nutrient shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Nan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiqun Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Gong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Allagulova CR, Avalbaev AM, Lubyanova AR, Lastochkina OV, Shakirova FM. Current Concepts of the Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Formation in Plants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 69:61. [DOI: 10.1134/s1021443722030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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Interactive Effects of Molybdenum, Zinc and Iron on the Grain Yield, Quality, and Nodulation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in North-Western India. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113622. [PMID: 35684558 PMCID: PMC9182194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a major constraint for the growth, yield and nutritional quality of cowpea which results in nutritional disorders in humans. Micronutrients including molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) play a pivotal role in crop nutrition, and their role in different metabolic processes in crops has been highlighted. In order to increase the nutritional quality of cowpea, a field experiment was conducted for two years in which the effect of Mo along with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on productivity, nitrogen and micronutrient uptake, root length and the number of nodules in cowpea cultivation was investigated. It was found that the foliar application of Fe and Zn and their interaction with Mo application through seed priming as well as soil application displayed increased yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and growth parameters which helped to enhance the nutritional quality of cowpea for consumption by the human population. The results of the above experiments revealed that among all the treatments, the soil application of Mo combined with the foliar application of 0.5% each of FeSO4·7H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O (M2F3 treatment) enhanced the grain and stover yield of cowpea, exhibiting maximum values of 1402 and 6104.7 kg ha−1, respectively. Again, the M2F3 treatment resulted in higher Zn, Fe and Mo concentrations in the grain (17.07, 109.3 and 30.26 mg kg−1, respectively) and stover (17.99, 132.7 and 31.22 mg kg−1, respectively) of cowpea. Uptake of Zn, Fe and Mo by the grain (25.23, 153.3 and 42.46 g ha−1, respectively) as well as the stover (104.2, 809.9 and 190.6 g ha−1, respectively) was found to be maximum for the M2F3 treatment. The root length (30.5 cm), number of nodules per plant (73.0) and N uptake in grain and stover (55.39 and 46.15 kg ha−1) were also higher for this treatment. Overall, soil application of Mo along with the foliar application of FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) and ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) significantly improved yield outcomes, concentration, uptake, root length, nodules plant−1 and N uptake of cowpea to alleviate the micronutrient deficiency.
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Zhang G, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Yu T, Shypanski A. Combination of nitrate and sodium nitroprusside dosing for sulfide control with low carbon source loss in sewer biofilm reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127527. [PMID: 34879520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate has been widely used in sewer systems for sulfide control. However, significant chemical consumption and the loss of carbon source were observed in previous studies. To find a feasible and cost-effective control strategy of the sulfide control, the effect of nitrate combined with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) dosage strategy was tested in lab-scale sewer biofilm reactors. Results showed that nitrate and SNP were strongly synergistic, with 30 mg N/L nitrate and 20 mg/L SNP being sufficient for sulfide control in this study. While large amount of nitrate alone (100 mg N/L) is required to achieve the same sulfide control effectiveness. Meanwhile, the nitrate combined with SNP could reduce the organic carbon source loss by 80%. Additionally, the high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of autotrophic, nitrate reducing-sulfide oxidizing bacteria genera (a-NR-SOB) such as Arcobacter and Sulfurimonas was increased by around 18%, while the heterotrophic, nitrate-reducing bacteria (hNRB) such as Thauera was substantially reduced. It demonstrated that the sulfide control was mainly due to the a-NR-SOB activity under the nitrate and SNP dosing strategy. The microbial functional prediction further revealed that nitrate and SNP promoted the dissimilatory nitrate reduction process which utilizes sulfide as an effective electron donor. Moreover, economic assessment indicated that using the combination of nitrate and SNP for sulfide control in sewers would lower the chemical costs by approximately 35% compared with only nitrate addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Adam Shypanski
- Drainage Planning, EPCOR Drainage Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3A3, Canada
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Jiang W, He P, Zhou M, Lu X, Chen K, Liang C, Tian J. Soybean responds to phosphate starvation through reversible protein phosphorylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:222-234. [PMID: 34371392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is considered as a major constraint on crop production. Although a set of adaptative strategies are extensively suggested in soybean (Glycine max) to phosphate (Pi) deprivation, molecular mechanisms underlying reversible protein phosphorylation in soybean responses to P deficiency remains largely unclear. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify differential phosphoproteins in soybean roots under Pi sufficient and deficient conditions. A total of 427 phosphoproteins were found to exhibit differential accumulations, with 213 up-regulated and 214 down-regulated. Among them, a nitrate reductase, GmNR4 exhibiting increased phosphorylation levels under low Pi conditions, was further selected to evaluate the effects of phosphorylation on its nitrate reductase activity and subcellular localization. Mutations of GmNR4 phosphorylation levels significantly influenced its activity in vitro, but not for its subcellular localization. Taken together, identification of differential phosphoproteins reveled the complex regulatory pathways for soybean adaptation to Pi starvation through reversible protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Jiang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Panmin He
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiang Tian
- Root Biology Center, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Aminizadeh M, Rahimi A, Sohrabi F, Kavoosi G. Development of antioxidant materials based on Persian gum and Zataria essential oil: Modulation of superoxide-producing and nitric oxide-producing enzymes in wheat seedlings. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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León J, Costa-Broseta Á. Present knowledge and controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions on nitric oxide synthesis, sensing, and signaling in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43. [PMID: 31323702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
After 30 years of intensive work, nitric oxide (NO) has just started to be characterized as a relevant regulatory molecule on plant development and responses to stress. Its reactivity as a free radical determines its mode of action as an inducer of posttranslational modifications of key target proteins through cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration. Many of the NO-triggered regulatory actions are exerted in tight coordination with phytohormone signaling. This review not only summarizes and updates the information accumulated on how NO is synthesized, sensed, and transduced in plants but also makes emphasis on controversies, deficiencies, and misconceptions that are hampering our present knowledge on the biology of NO in plants. The development of noninvasive accurate tools for the endogenous NO quantitation as well as the implementation of genetic approaches that overcome misleading pharmacological experiments will be critical for getting significant advances in better knowledge of NO homeostasis and regulatory actions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Kolupaev YE, Karpets YV, Beschasniy SP, Dmitriev AP. Gasotransmitters and Their Role in Adaptive Reactions of Plant Cells. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Pereira PN, Cushman JC. Exploring the Relationship between Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) and Mineral Nutrition with a Special Focus on Nitrogen. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4363. [PMID: 31491972 PMCID: PMC6769741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is characterized by nocturnal CO2 uptake and concentration, reduced photorespiration, and increased water-use efficiency (WUE) when compared to C3 and C4 plants. Plants can perform different types of CAM and the magnitude and duration of CAM expression can change based upon several abiotic conditions, including nutrient availability. Here, we summarize the abiotic factors that are associated with an increase in CAM expression with an emphasis on the relationship between CAM photosynthesis and nutrient availability, with particular focus on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Additionally, we examine nitrogen uptake and assimilation as this macronutrient has received the greatest amount of attention in studies using CAM species. We also discuss the preference of CAM species for different organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen, including nitrate, ammonium, glutamine, and urea. Lastly, we make recommendations for future research areas to better understand the relationship between macronutrients and CAM and how their interaction might improve nutrient and water-use efficiency in order to increase the growth and yield of CAM plants, especially CAM crops that may become increasingly important as global climate change continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Natália Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Buet A, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Simontacchi M. Nitric oxide and plant mineral nutrition: current knowledge. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4461-4476. [PMID: 30903155 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants under conditions of essential mineral deficiency trigger signaling mechanisms that involve common components. Among these components, nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a key participant in responses to changes in nutrient availability. Usually, nutrient imbalances affect the levels of NO in specific plant tissues, via modification of its rate of synthesis or degradation. Changes in the level of NO affect plant morphology and/or trigger responses associated with nutrient homeostasis, mediated by its interaction with reactive oxygen species, phytohormones, and through post-translational modification of proteins. NO-related events constitute an exciting field of research to understand how plants adapt and respond to conditions of nutrient shortage. This review summarizes the current knowledge on NO as a component of the multiple processes related to plant performance under conditions of deficiency in mineral nutrients, focusing on macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, as well as micronutrients such as iron and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Buet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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16
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Xu ZM, Wang Z, Gao Q, Wang LL, Chen LL, Li QG, Jiang JJ, Ye HJ, Wang DS, Yang P. Influence of irrigation with microalgae-treated biogas slurry on agronomic trait, nutritional quality, oxidation resistance, and nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 244:453-461. [PMID: 31154108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biogas slurry (BS) is a main byproduct of biogas production that is commonly used for agricultural irrigation because of its abundant nutrients and microelements. However, direct application of BS may cause quality decline and nitrate and heavy metal accumulation in crops. To address this issue, a microalgae culture experiment and an irrigation experiment were performed to evaluate the removal efficiencies of nutrients and heavy metals from diluted BS by microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and to investigate the effects of irrigation with microalgae-treated BS (MBS-25, MBS-50, MBS-75, and MBS-100) on nutritional quality, oxidation resistance, and nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage. After 8 days of continuous culture, a ratio of 1/1 for BS/tap water mixture (BS-50) was the optimal proportion for microalgal growth (3.73 g dry cell L-1) and efficient removal of total nitrogen (86.1%), total phosphorus (94.3%), COD (87.5%), Cr (50%), Pb (60.7%), and Cd (59.7%). The pH in MBS-50 medium recovered to the highest level in a shorter period of time and accelerated the gas stripping of ammonia nitrogen and the formation of insoluble phosphate and metals, which partly contributed to the high removal efficiencies. MBS irrigation significantly promoted crop growth; improved nutritional quality, edible taste, and oxidation resistance; and reduced nitrate and heavy metal residues in Chinese cabbage at a large scale. Therefore, microalgae culture was beneficial to reduce negative impacts of BS irrigation in crop growth and agricultural product safety. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the safe utilization of BS waste in agricultural irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Xu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, China
| | - Qiao-Guang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510550, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Han-Jie Ye
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Campos FG, Vieira MAR, Amaro ACE, delaCruz-Chacón I, Marques MOM, Ferreira G, Boaro CSF. Nitrogen in the defense system of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217930. [PMID: 31170236 PMCID: PMC6553785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of nitrogen can generate different strategies in plants in response to stress. In this study, we investigated how nitrogen concentration interferes with the defense system of Annona emarginata. Low concentrations of nitrogen increased the allocation of photosynthetic resources to carbon metabolism, resulting in an increase in the synthesis of volatile substances involved in signaling and defense that contributed to antioxidant enzymes in overcoming stress. The availability of nitrogen at 5.62 mM concentration might have helped to induce increased resistance in the plants because at this concentration, signaling substances and defense substances (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were observed. Plants cultivated with the highest nitrate concentration displaced energy for the reduction of this ion, likely forming nitric oxide, a signaling molecule. This condition, together with the decrease in carbon skeletons, may have contributed to the lower synthesis of volatile substances of the specialized metabolism that are also involved with signaling. Varying the nitrogen in Annona emarginata cultivation revealed that depending on the concentration, volatile substances show higher or lower synthesis and participation in the system of signaling and defense in the plant. These results may suggest that volatile substances participate in resistance to pests and diseases, which is a necessary condition for Annona emarginata to be preferentially used as rootstock for Annona x atemoya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Girotto Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Esteves Amaro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iván delaCruz-Chacón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Química Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques
- Centro de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisela Ferreira
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Gupta S, Akhatar J, Kaur P, Sharma A, Sharma P, Mittal M, Bharti B, Banga SS. Genetic analyses of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4235-4244. [PMID: 31115836 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a critical input for plant growth and development. A better understanding of N uptake and utilization is important to develop plant breeding strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). With that objective in mind, we assayed a SNP-genotyped association panel comprising 92 inbred lines for the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). All these enzymes are associated with N assimilation. The experiments were carried out at two levels of N application: no added N (N0) and agrnomically recommened dose (100 kg/ha) of N application (N100). Genome wide association studies (GWAS) helped to identify several marker-trait associations (MTAs), involving chromosomes A01, A06, A08, B02, B04, B05 and B08. These explained high phenotypic variation (up to 32%). Annotation of the genomic region(s) in or around significant SNPs allowed prediction of genes encoding high affinity nitrate transporters, glutamine synthetase 1.3, myb-like transcription factor family protein, bidirectional amino acid transporter 1, auxin signaling F-box 3 and oxidoreductases. This is the first attempt to use GWAS for identification of enzyme QTLs to explain variation for nitrogen assimilation enzymes in Brassica juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Javed Akhatar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Palminder Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Pushp Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Meenakshi Mittal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Baudh Bharti
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India
| | - Surinder Singh Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141001, India.
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19
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Adavi SB, Sathee L. Elevated CO 2-induced production of nitric oxide differentially modulates nitrate assimilation and root growth of wheat seedlings in a nitrate dose-dependent manner. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:147-159. [PMID: 30032354 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a major staple food crop worldwide contributing approximately 20% of total protein consumed by mankind. The nitrogen and protein concentration of wheat crop and grain often decline as a result of exposure of the crop to elevated CO2 (EC). The changes in nitrogen (N) assimilation, root system architecture, and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated N signaling and expression of genes involved in N assimilation and high affinity nitrate uptake were examined in response to different nitrate levels and EC in wheat. Activity of enzyme nitrate reductase (NRA) was downregulated under EC both in leaf and root tissues. Plants grown under EC displayed enhanced production of NO and more so when nitrate supply was high. Based on exogenous supply of NO, inhibitors of NO production, and NO scavenger, regulatory role of NO on EC mediated changes in root morphology and NRA was revealed. The enhanced NO production under EC and high N levels negatively regulated the transcript abundance of NR and high affinity nitrate transporters (HATS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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20
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Waqas M, Feng S, Amjad H, Letuma P, Zhan W, Li Z, Fang C, Arafat Y, Khan MU, Tayyab M, Lin W. Protein Phosphatase ( PP2C9) Induces Protein Expression Differentially to Mediate Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Rice under Nitrogen-Deficient Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2827. [PMID: 30235789 PMCID: PMC6163212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element usually limiting in plant growth and a basic factor for increasing the input cost in agriculture. To ensure the food security and environmental sustainability it is urgently required to manage the N fertilizer. The identification or development of genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) which can grow efficiently and sustain yield in low N conditions is a possible solution. In this study, two isogenic rice genotypes i.e., wild-type rice kitaake and its transgenic line PP2C9TL overexpressed protein phosphatase gene (PP2C9) were used for comparative proteomics analysis at control and low level of N to identify specific proteins and encoding genes related to high NUE. 2D gel electrophoresis was used to perform the differential proteome analysis. In the leaf proteome, 30 protein spots were differentially expressed between the two isogenic lines under low N level which were involved in the process of energy, photosynthesis, N metabolism, signaling, and defense mechanisms. In addition, we have found that protein phosphatase enhances nitrate reductase activation by downregulation of SnRK1 and 14-3-3 proteins. Furthermore, we showed that PP2C9TL exhibits higher NUE than WT due to higher activity of nitrate reductase. This study provides new insights on the rice proteome which would be useful in the development of new strategies to increase NUE in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shizhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hira Amjad
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Puleng Letuma
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenshan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Changxun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yasir Arafat
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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21
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Singh BN, Dwivedi P, Sarma BK, Singh GS, Singh HB. Trichoderma asperellum T42 Reprograms Tobacco for Enhanced Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Plant Growth When Fed with N Nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:163. [PMID: 29527216 PMCID: PMC5829606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp., are saprophytic fungi that can improve plant growth through increased nutrient acquisition and change in the root architecture. In the present study, we demonstrate that Trichoderma asperellum T42 mediate enhancement in host biomass, total nitrogen content, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in tobacco. T42 inoculation enhanced lateral root, root hair length, root hair density and root/shoot dry mass in tobacco under deprived nutrients condition. Interestingly, these growth attributes were further elevated in presence of T42 and supplementation of NO3- and NH4+ nutrients to tobacco at 40 and 70 days, particularly in NO3- supplementation, whereas no significant increment was observed in nia30 mutant. In addition, NO production was more in tobacco roots in T42 inoculated plants fed with NO3- nutrient confirming NO generation was dependent on NR pathway. NO3- dependent NO production contributed to increase in lateral root initiation, Ca2+ accumulation and activities of nitrate transporters (NRTs) in tobacco. Higher activities of several NRT genes in response to T42 and N nutrients and suppression of ammonium transporter (AMT1) suggested that induction of high affinity NRTs help NO3- acquisition through roots of tobacco. Among the NRTs NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 were more up-regulated compared to the other NRTs. Addition of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), relative to those supplied with NO3-/NH4+ nutrition and T42 treated plants singly, and with application of NO inhibitor, cPTIO, confirmed the altered NO fluorescence intensity in tobacco roots. Our findings suggest that T42 promoted plant growth significantly ant N content in the tobacco plants grown under N nutrients, notably higher in NO3-, providing insight of the strategy for not only tobacco but probably for other crops as well to adapt to fluctuating nitrate availability in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansh N. Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gopal S. Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harikesh B. Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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22
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Balotf S, Islam S, Kavoosi G, Kholdebarin B, Juhasz A, Ma W. How exogenous nitric oxide regulates nitrogen assimilation in wheat seedlings under different nitrogen sources and levels. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190269. [PMID: 29320529 PMCID: PMC5761883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for plants and nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling plant growth regulator involved in nitrogen assimilation. Understanding the influence of exogenous NO on nitrogen metabolism at the gene expression and enzyme activity levels under different sources of nitrogen is vitally important for increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This study investigated the expression of key genes and enzymes in relation to nitrogen assimilation in two Australian wheat cultivars, a popular high NUE cv. Spitfire and a normal NUE cv. Westonia, under different combinations of nitrogen and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as the NO donor. Application of NO increased the gene expressions and activities of nitrogen assimilation pathway enzymes in both cultivars at low levels of nitrogen. At high nitrogen supplies, the expressions and activities of N assimilation genes increased in response to exogenous NO only in cv. Spitfire but not in cv. Westonia. Exogenous NO caused an increase in leaf NO content at low N supplies in both cultivars, while under high nitrogen treatments, cv. Spitfire showed an increase under ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) treatment but cv. Westonia was not affected. N assimilation gene expression and enzyme activity showed a clear relationship between exogenous NO, N concentration and N forms in primary plant nitrogen assimilation. Results reveal the possible role of NO and different nitrogen sources on nitrogen assimilation in Triticum aestivum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Balotf
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahidul Islam
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Bahman Kholdebarin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Angela Juhasz
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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23
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Sun H, Tao J, Zhao Q, Xu G, Zhang Y. Multiple roles of nitric oxide in root development and nitrogen uptake. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1274480. [PMID: 28027007 PMCID: PMC5289520 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1274480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized for its role as a signaling molecule in regulating plant developmental processes. We summarize recent work on NO generation via nitrate reductase (NR) or/and NO synthase (NOS) pathway in response to nutrient fluctuation and its regulation of plant root growth and N metabolism. The promotion or inhibition of root development most likely depends on NO concentrations and/or experimental conditions. NO plays an important role in regulating plant NR activity at posttranslational level probably via a direct interaction mechanism, thus contributing largely to N assimilation. NO also regulates N distribution and uptake in many plant species. In rice cultivar, NR-generated NO plays a pivotal role in improving N uptake capacity by increasing root growth and inorganic N uptake, representing a potential strategy for rice adaption to a fluctuating nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of The Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Yali Zhang College of Resources Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Izbiańska K. The combined nitrate reductase and nitrite-dependent route of NO synthesis in potato immunity to Phytophthora infestans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:468-477. [PMID: 27588710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the in-depth knowledge concerning nitric oxide (NO) function, our understanding of NO synthesis in plants is still very limited. In view of the above, this paper provides a step by step presentation of the reductive pathway for endogenous NO generation involving nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nitrite implication in potato defense to Phytophthora infestans. A biphasic character of NO emission, peaking mainly at 3 and then at 24 hpi, was detected during the hypersensitive response (HR). In avr P. infestans potato leaves enhanced NR gene and protein expression was tuned with the depletion of nitrate contents and the increase in nitrite supply at 3 hpi. In the same time period a temporary down-regulation of nitrite reductase (NiR) and activity was found. The study for the link between NO signaling and HR revealed an up-regulation of used markers of effective defense, i.e. Nonexpressor of PR genes (NPR1), thioredoxins (Thx) and PR1, at early time-points (1-3 hpi) upon inoculation. In contrast to the resistant response, in the susceptible one a late overexpression (24-48 hpi) of NPR1 and PR1 mRNA levels was observed. Presented data confirmed the importance of nitrite processed by NR in NO generation in inoculated potato leaves. However, based on the pharmacological approach the potential formation of NO from nitrite bypassing the NR activity during HR response to P. infestans has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolina Izbiańska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, Galván A, Fernández E, de Montaigu A. Characterization of a Mutant Deficient for Ammonium and Nitric Oxide Signalling in the Model System Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155128. [PMID: 27149516 PMCID: PMC4858171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous signalling molecule Nitric Oxide (NO) is characterized not only by the variety of organisms in which it has been described, but also by the wealth of biological processes that it regulates. In contrast to the expanding repertoire of functions assigned to NO, however, the mechanisms of NO action usually remain unresolved, and genes that work within NO signalling cascades are seldom identified. A recent addition to the list of known NO functions is the regulation of the nitrogen assimilation pathway in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a well-established model organism for genetic and molecular studies that offers new possibilities in the search for mediators of NO signalling. By further exploiting a collection of Chlamydomonas insertional mutant strains originally isolated for their insensitivity to the ammonium (NH4+) nitrogen source, we found a mutant which, in addition to its ammonium insensitive (AI) phenotype, was not capable of correctly sensing the NO signal. Similarly to what had previously been described in the AI strain cyg56, the expression of nitrogen assimilation genes in the mutant did not properly respond to treatments with various NO donors. Complementation experiments showed that NON1 (NO Nitrate 1), a gene that encodes a protein containing no known functional domain, was the gene underlying the mutant phenotype. Beyond the identification of NON1, our findings broadly demonstrate the potential for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to be used as a model system in the search for novel components of gene networks that mediate physiological responses to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ocaña-Calahorro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail: (EF); (AdM)
| | - Amaury de Montaigu
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail: (EF); (AdM)
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Thalineau E, Truong HN, Berger A, Fournier C, Boscari A, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S. Cross-Regulation between N Metabolism and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling during Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:472. [PMID: 27092169 PMCID: PMC4824785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved a complex immune system which helps them cope with pathogen attacks. However, the capacity of a plant to mobilize different defense responses is strongly affected by its physiological status. Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient that can play an important role in plant immunity by increasing or decreasing plant resistance to pathogens. Although no general rule can be drawn about the effect of N availability and quality on the fate of plant/pathogen interactions, plants' capacity to acquire, assimilate, allocate N, and maintain amino acid homeostasis appears to partly mediate the effects of N on plant defense. Nitric oxide (NO), one of the products of N metabolism, plays an important role in plant immunity signaling. NO is generated in part through Nitrate Reductase (NR), a key enzyme involved in nitrate assimilation, and its production depends on levels of nitrate/nitrite, NR substrate/product, as well as on L-arginine and polyamine levels. Cross-regulation between NO signaling and N supply/metabolism has been evidenced. NO production can be affected by N supply, and conversely NO appears to regulate nitrate transport and assimilation. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that N availability partly controls plant resistance to pathogens by controlling NO homeostasis. Using the Medicago truncatula/Aphanomyces euteiches pathosystem, we showed that NO homeostasis is important for resistance to this oomycete and that N availability impacts NO homeostasis by affecting S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity in roots. These results could therefore explain the increased resistance we noted in N-deprived as compared to N-replete M. truncatula seedlings. They open onto new perspectives for the studies of N/plant defense interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Thalineau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Hoai-Nam Truong
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Carine Fournier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRSSophia Antipolis, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
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27
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Wang YJ, Dong YX, Wang J, Cui XM. Alleviating effects of exogenous NO on tomato seedlings under combined Cu and Cd stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4826-36. [PMID: 26545885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of NO on the different origin and regulation of oxidative stress of Cu and/or Cd, tomato seedlings were treated with Cu, Cd, or Cu + Cd in a nutrient solution culture system. The main effect of Cu(2+) was a significant reduction in root activity and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, which was similar to that under 50 μM Cd treatment, but promoted Cu accumulation. The supply of Cu under Cd treatment decreased Cd concentration, while not altered Cu concentration by contrast with Cu treatment, which is suggestive of a replacement of Cu(2+) with Cd(2+) and effective decrease in the boiotoxicity of 50 μM Cd(2+) to tomato seedlings. However, NO alleviated the restriction to NR activity significantly and made the biomass of tomato seedlings recover under Cd treatment, and also increased root activity under Cu and Cu + Cd treatment. Exogenous NO markedly reduced the absorption and transportation of Cu but did not obviously change the translocation of Cd to the aboveground parts under Cu + Cd treatment. Both metals induced lipid peroxidation via the decreasing activation of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant enzyme system worked differently under Cu, Cd, or Cu + Cd stress. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were higher under single Cd stress than under the control. Meanwhile, Cu + Cd treatment decreased the activities of POD, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX). Exogenous NO increased POD and SOD activities in the leaves and roots, and CAT activity in the roots under combined Cu and Cd stress. These results suggest that a different response and regulation mechanism that involves exogenous NO is present in tomato seedlings under Cu and Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Landscape Engineering, Heze University, Heze, China
| | - Xiu-Min Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Filippou P, Antoniou C, Obata T, Van Der Kelen K, Harokopos V, Kanetis L, Aidinis V, Van Breusegem F, Fernie AR, Fotopoulos V. Kresoxim-methyl primes Medicago truncatula plants against abiotic stress factors via altered reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling leading to downstream transcriptional and metabolic readjustment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1259-74. [PMID: 26712823 PMCID: PMC4762377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as fungal infection and drought, cause major yield losses in modern agriculture. Kresoxim-methyl (KM) belongs to the strobilurins, one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicides displaying a direct effect on several plant physiological and developmental processes. However, the impact of KM treatment on salt and drought stress tolerance is unknown. In this study we demonstrate that KM pre-treatment of Medicago truncatula plants results in increased protection to drought and salt stress. Foliar application with KM prior to stress imposition resulted in improvement of physiological parameters compared with stressed-only plants. This protective effect was further supported by increased proline biosynthesis, modified reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling, and attenuation of cellular damage. In addition, comprehensive transcriptome analysis identified a number of transcripts that are differentially accumulating in drought- and salinity-stressed plants (646 and 57, respectively) after KM pre-treatment compared with stressed plants with no KM pre-treatment. Metabolomic analysis suggests that the priming role of KM in drought- and to a lesser extent in salinity-stressed plants can be attributed to the regulation of key metabolites (including sugars and amino acids) resulting in protection against abiotic stress factors. Overall, the present study highlights the potential use of this commonly used fungicide as a priming agent against key abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Kanetis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, PO Box 50329 Limassol, Cyprus
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Simontacchi M, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Santa-María GE. Plant Survival in a Changing Environment: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:977. [PMID: 26617619 PMCID: PMC4637419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant's ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the antioxidant network, as well as the maintenance of concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within a narrow range. Plants are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, drought, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures, which can influence developmental processes and lead to growth restriction making adaptive responses the plant's priority. The ability of plants to respond and survive under environmental-stress conditions involves sensing and signaling events where nitric oxide becomes a critical component mediating hormonal actions, interacting with reactive oxygen species, and modulating gene expression and protein activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Physical Chemistry – Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad Nacional de San MartínChascomús, Argentina
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30
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Sanz-Luque E, Chamizo-Ampudia A, Llamas A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Understanding nitrate assimilation and its regulation in microalgae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:899. [PMID: 26579149 PMCID: PMC4620153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate assimilation is a key process for nitrogen (N) acquisition in green microalgae. Among Chlorophyte algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has resulted to be a good model system to unravel important facts of this process, and has provided important insights for agriculturally relevant plants. In this work, the recent findings on nitrate transport, nitrate reduction and the regulation of nitrate assimilation are presented in this and several other algae. Latest data have shown nitric oxide (NO) as an important signal molecule in the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of nitrate reductase and inorganic N transport. Participation of regulatory genes and proteins in positive and negative signaling of the pathway and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of nitrate assimilation, as well as those involved in Molybdenum cofactor synthesis required to nitrate assimilation, are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of CordobaCordoba, Spain
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31
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Foresi N, Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Scuffi D, Correa-Aragunde N, García-Mata C, Casalongué C, Carrillo N, Lamattina L. Expression of the tetrahydrofolate-dependent nitric oxide synthase from the green alga Ostreococcus tauri increases tolerance to abiotic stresses and influences stomatal development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:806-21. [PMID: 25880454 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with diverse biological functions in plants. NO plays a crucial role in growth and development, from germination to senescence, and is also involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In animals, NO is synthesized by well-described nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. NOS activity has also been detected in higher plants, but no gene encoding an NOS protein, or the enzymes required for synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor of mammalian NOS activity, have been identified so far. Recently, an NOS gene from the unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri (OtNOS) has been discovered and characterized. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were transformed with OtNOS under the control of the inducible short promoter fragment (SPF) of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Hahb-4 gene, which responds to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid. Transgenic plants expressing OtNOS accumulated higher NO concentrations compared with siblings transformed with the empty vector, and displayed enhanced salt, drought and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, transgenic OtNOS lines exhibited increased stomatal development compared with plants transformed with the empty vector. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that OtNOS, unlike mammalian NOS, efficiently uses tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor in Arabidopsis plants. The modulation of NO production to alleviate abiotic stress disturbances in higher plants highlights the potential of genetic manipulation to influence NO metabolism as a tool to improve plant fitness under adverse growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín L Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Casalongué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, de Montaigu A, Chamizo-Ampudia A, Llamas Á, Galván A, Fernández E. THB1, a truncated hemoglobin, modulates nitric oxide levels and nitrate reductase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:467-79. [PMID: 25494936 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobins are ubiquitous proteins that sense, store and transport oxygen, but the physiological processes in which they are implicated is currently expanding. Recent examples of previously unknown hemoglobin functions, which include scavenging of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), illustrate how the implication of hemoglobins in different cell signaling processes is only starting to be unraveled. The extent and diversity of the hemoglobin protein family suggest that hemoglobins have diverged and have potentially evolved specialized functions in certain organisms. A unique model organism to study this functional diversity at the cellular level is the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii because, among other reasons, it contains an unusually high number of a particular type of hemoglobins known as truncated hemoglobins (THB1-THB12). Here, we reveal a cell signaling function for a truncated hemoglobin of Chlamydomonas that affects the nitrogen assimilation pathway by simultaneously modulating NO levels and nitrate reductase (NR) activity. First, we found that THB1 and THB2 expression is modulated by the nitrogen source and depends on NIT2, a transcription factor required for nitrate assimilation genes expression. Furthermore, THB1 is highly expressed in the presence of NO and is able to convert NO into nitrate in vitro. Finally, THB1 is maintained on its active and reduced form by NR, and in vivo lower expression of THB1 results in increased NR activity. Thus, THB1 plays a dual role in NO detoxification and in the modulation of NR activity. This mechanism can partly explain how NO inhibits NR post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Chandna R, Ahmad A. Nitrogen stress-induced alterations in the leaf proteome of two wheat varieties grown at different nitrogen levels. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:19-33. [PMID: 25649735 PMCID: PMC4312336 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrogen (N) is a key limiting factor of the agricultural productivity. Nitrogen utilization efficiency has significant impact on crop growth and yield as well as on the reduction in production cost. The excessive nitrogen application is accompanied with severe negative impact on environment. Thus to reduce the environmental contamination, improving NUE is need of an hour. In our study we have deployed comparative proteome analysis using 2-DE to investigate the effect of the nitrogen nutrition on differential expression pattern of leaf proteins in low-N sensitive and low-N tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Results showed a comprehensive picture of the post-transcriptional response to different nitrogen regimes administered which would be expected to serve as a basic platform for further characterization of gene function and regulation. We detected proteins related to photosynthesis, glycolysis, nitrogen metabolism, sulphur metabolism and defence. Our results provide new insights towards the altered protein pattern in response to N stress. Through this study we suggest that genes functioning in many physiological events coordinate the response to availability of nitrogen and also for the improvement of NUE of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Chandna
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, Galván A, Fernández E. THB1 regulates nitrate reductase activity and THB1 and THB2 transcription differentially respond to NO and the nitrate/ammonium balance in Chlamydomonas. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1042638. [PMID: 26252500 PMCID: PMC4622704 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1042638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of the nitrogen assimilation pathway in plants. Nevertheless, this free radical is a double-edged sword for cells due to its high reactivity and toxicity. Hemoglobins, which belong to a vast and ancestral family of proteins present in all kingdoms of life, have arisen as important NO scavengers, through their NO dioxygenase (NOD) activity. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has 12 hemoglobins (THB1-12) belonging to the truncated hemoglobins family. THB1 and THB2 are regulated by the nitrogen source and respond differentially to NO and the nitrate/ammonium balance. THB1 expression is upregulated by NO in contrast to THB2, which is downregulated. THB1 has NOD activity and thus a role in nitrate assimilation. In fact, THB1 is upregulated by nitrate and is under the control of NIT2, the major transcription factor in nitrate assimilation. In Chlamydomonas, it has been reported that nitrate reductase (NR) has a redox regulation and is inhibited by NO through an unknown mechanism. Now, a model in which THB1 interacts with NR is proposed for its regulation. THB1 takes electrons from NR redirecting them to NO dioxygenation. Thus, when cells are assimilating nitrate and NO appears (i.e. as a consequence of nitrite accumulation), THB1 has a double role: 1) to scavenge NO avoiding its toxic effects and 2) to control the nitrate reduction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ocaña-Calahorro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence to: Emilio Fernández;
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León J, Castillo MC, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Mir R. Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:907-21. [PMID: 24371253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extensive support for abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in the complex regulatory networks controlling stress responses and development in plants contrasts with the relatively recent role assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Because treatment with exogenous ABA leads to enhanced production of NO, it has been widely considered that NO participates downstream of ABA in controlling processes such as stomata movement, seed dormancy, and germination. However, data on leaf senescence and responses to stress suggest that the functional interaction between ABA and NO is more complex than previously thought, including not only cooperation but also antagonism. The functional relationship is probably determined by several factors including the time- and place-dependent pattern of accumulation of both molecules, the threshold levels, and the regulatory factors important for perception. These factors will determine the actions exerted by each regulator. Here, several examples of well-documented functional interactions between NO and ABA are analysed in light of the most recent reported data on seed dormancy and germination, stomata movements, leaf senescence, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Plant Development and Hormone Action, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
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Zhao XQ, Nie XL, Xiao XG. Over-expression of a tobacco nitrate reductase gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) increases seed protein content and weight without augmenting nitrogen supplying. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74678. [PMID: 24040315 PMCID: PMC3767627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy nitrogen (N) application to gain higher yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. How to diminish the N supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge. To meet the challenge, we integrated and expressed a tobacco nitrate reductase gene (NR) in transgenic wheat. The 35S-NR gene was transferred into two winter cultivars, "Nongda146" and "Jimai6358", by Agrobacterium-mediation. Over-expression of the transgene remarkably enhanced T1 foliar NR activity and significantly augmented T2 seed protein content and 1000-grain weight in 63.8% and 68.1% of T1 offspring (total 67 individuals analyzed), respectively. Our results suggest that constitutive expression of foreign nitrate reductase gene(s) in wheat might improve nitrogen use efficiency and thus make it possible to increase seed protein content and weight without augmenting N supplying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Guo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Antoniou C, Filippou P, Mylona P, Fasoula D, Ioannides I, Polidoros A, Fotopoulos V. Developmental stage- and concentration-specific sodium nitroprusside application results in nitrate reductase regulation and the modification of nitrate metabolism in leaves of Medicago truncatula plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e25479. [PMID: 23838961 PMCID: PMC4011814 DOI: 10.4161/psb.25479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive molecule involved in numerous biological events that has been reported to display both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties in plants. Several reports exist which demonstrate the protective action of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used NO donor, which acts as a signal molecule in plants responsible for the expression regulation of many antioxidant enzymes. This study attempts to provide a novel insight into the effect of application of low (100 μΜ) and high (2.5 mM) concentrations of SNP on the nitrosative status and nitrate metabolism of mature (40 d) and senescing (65 d) Medicago truncatula plants. Higher concentrations of SNP resulted in increased NO content, cellular damage levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, further induced in older tissues. Senescing M. truncatula plants demonstrated greater sensitivity to SNP-induced oxidative and nitrosative damage, suggesting a developmental stage-dependent suppression in the plant's capacity to cope with free oxygen and nitrogen radicals. In addition, measurements of the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), a key enzyme involved in the generation of NO in plants, indicated a differential regulation in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression levels of NO-responsive genes (NR, nitrate/nitrite transporters) involved in nitrogen assimilation and NO production revealed significant induction of NR and nitrate transporter during long-term 2.5 mM SNP application in mature plants and overall gene suppression in senescing plants, supporting the differential nitrosative response of M. truncatula plants treated with different concentrations of SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Photini Mylona
- Agricultural Research Center of Northern Greece; NAGREF; Thermi, Greece
| | | | | | - Alexios Polidoros
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding; School of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol, Cyprus
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, Llamas A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Nitric oxide controls nitrate and ammonium assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3373-83. [PMID: 23918969 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonium are major inorganic nitrogen sources for plants and algae. These compounds are assimilated by means of finely regulated processes at transcriptional and post-translational levels. In Chlamydomonas, the expression of several genes involved in high-affinity ammonium (AMT1.1, AMT1.2) and nitrate transport (NRT2.1) as well as nitrate reduction (NIA1) are downregulated by ammonium through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. At the post-translational level, nitrate/nitrite uptake and nitrate reductase (NR) are also inhibited by ammonium, but the mechanisms implicated in this regulation are scarcely known. In this work, the effect of NO on nitrate assimilation and the high-affinity ammonium uptake was addressed. NO inhibited the high-affinity uptake of ammonium and nitrate/nitrite, as well as the NR activity, in a reversible form. In contrast, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activities were not affected. The in vivo and in vitro studies suggested that NR enzyme is inhibited by NO in a mediated process that requires the cell integrity. These data highlight a role of NO in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and suggest that this signalling molecule is an important regulator for the first steps of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario CeiA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Córdoba 14071, Spain
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Christou A, Manganaris GA, Papadopoulos I, Fotopoulos V. Hydrogen sulfide induces systemic tolerance to salinity and non-ionic osmotic stress in strawberry plants through modification of reactive species biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of multiple defence pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1953-66. [PMID: 23567865 PMCID: PMC3638822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently found to act as a potent priming agent. This study explored the hypothesis that hydroponic pretreatment of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Camarosa) roots with a H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; 100 μM for 48 h), could induce long-lasting priming effects and tolerance to subsequent exposure to 100mM NaCI or 10% (w/v) PEG-6000 for 7 d. Hydrogen sulfide pretreatment of roots resulted in increased leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance and leaf relative water content as well as lower lipid peroxidation levels in comparison with plants directly subjected to salt and non-ionic osmotic stress, thus suggesting a systemic mitigating effect of H2S pretreatment to cellular damage derived from abiotic stress factors. In addition, root pretreatment with NaHS resulted in the minimization of oxidative and nitrosative stress in strawberry plants, manifested via lower levels of synthesis of NO and H(2)O(2) in leaves and the maintenance of high ascorbate and glutathione redox states, following subsequent salt and non-ionic osmotic stresses. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR gene expression analysis of key antioxidant (cAPX, CAT, MnSOD, GR), ascorbate and glutathione biosynthesis (GCS, GDH, GS), transcription factor (DREB), and salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway (SOS2-like, SOS3-like, SOS4) genes suggests that H2S plays a pivotal role in the coordinated regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways. The ameliorative effects of H2S were more pronounced in strawberry plants subjected to both stress conditions immediately after NaHS root pretreatment, rather than in plants subjected to stress conditions 3 d after root pretreatment. Overall, H2S-pretreated plants managed to overcome the deleterious effects of salt and non-ionic osmotic stress by controlling oxidative and nitrosative cellular damage through increased performance of antioxidant mechanisms and the coordinated regulation of the SOS pathway, thus proposing a novel role for H2S in plant priming, and in particular in a fruit crop such as strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Christou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
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40
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Gallego SM, Pena LB, Barcia RA, Azpilicueta CE, Iannone MF, Rosales EP, Zawoznik MS, Groppa MD, Benavides MP. Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: Insight into regulatory mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Filippou P, Antoniou C, Yelamanchili S, Fotopoulos V. NO loading: Efficiency assessment of five commonly used application methods of sodium nitroprusside in Medicago truncatula plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 60:115-8. [PMID: 22922111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive, diffusible molecule involved in a multitude of physiological and developmental processes in plants, which has been reported to display both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties in plants. Several reports exist highlighting the protective action of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, which demonstrate its important role as a signal molecule in plants responsible for the expression regulation of antioxidant and other defense enzymes. However, the mode of application of this compound varies greatly between studies. The present study provides a comprehensive efficiency comparison of the most commonly used application methods using 2.5mM SNP on mature (40 day) Medicago truncatula plants. Measurement of NO content in both leaves and roots suggests that vacuum infiltration is the most efficient method for NO donation in leaf tissue, whereas hydroponic application resulted in highest NO content in roots. NO content correlated with activity levels of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.7.99.4), a key enzyme involved in the generation of NO in plants and which is known to be regulated by NO itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
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Galeeva EI, Trifonova TV, Ponomareva AA, Viktorova LV, Minibayeva FV. Nitrate reductase from Triticum aestivum leaves: Regulation of activity and possible role in production of nitric oxide. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:404-10. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Gaupels F, Kuruthukulangarakoola GT, Durner J. Upstream and downstream signals of nitric oxide in pathogen defence. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:707-14. [PMID: 21816662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is now recognised as a crucial player in plant defence against pathogens. Considerable progress has been made in defining upstream and downstream signals of NO. Recently, MAP kinases, cyclic nucleotide phosphates, calcium and phosphatidic acid were demonstrated to be involved in pathogen-induced NO-production. However, the search for inducers of NO synthesis is difficult because of the still ambiguous enzymatic source of NO. Accumulation of NO triggers signal transduction by other second messengers. Here we depict NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as central redox switches translating NO redox signalling into cellular responses. Although the exact position of NO in defence signal networks is unresolved at last some NO-related signal cascades are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany.
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44
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Role of polyamines, their analogs and transglutaminases in biological and clinical perspectives. Amino Acids 2011; 42:397-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fröhlich A, Durner J. The hunt for plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS): is one really needed? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:401-4. [PMID: 21889045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production is associated with many physiological situations in plants, and NO is a key signaling molecule throughout the lifespan of a plant. The complexity of the underlying signaling events are just starting to be unraveled. The basis for nitric oxide signaling, the production of the signaling molecule itself, is far from understood in plants. While in animals, three homologous NO synthases (NOS) isoforms have been identified, yet in higher plants no corresponding enzymes are known so far. More than half a dozen NO productive reactions have been observed in plants but only few of them have been thoroughly investigated. It remains to be elucidated how these parts act together to form the sophisticated NO signaling network observed in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fröhlich
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
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Rosales EP, Iannone MF, Groppa MD, Benavides MP. Polyamines modulate nitrate reductase activity in wheat leaves: involvement of nitric oxide. Amino Acids 2011; 42:857-65. [PMID: 21814796 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of polyamines (PAs) on nitrate reductase (NR) activity was studied in wheat leaves exposed to exogenously added PAs while assessing the nitric oxide (NO) involvement in the regulation of the enzyme activity. A biphasic response was observed along the time of treatment using 0.1 mM of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) or spermine (Spm). At 3 h, Spd and Spm significantly reduced NR activity by 29 or 35%, respectively, whereas at 6 h, the activity of the enzyme decreased by an average of 25%. At 21 h, Put increased NR activity by 63%, while Spd and Spm elevated the enzyme activity by 114%. NR activity, that was reduced by 0.1 mM Spm at 3 and 6 h, returned almost to control values when c-PTIO (an NO scavenger) was used, confirming that NO was involved in the inhibition of NR activity. Nitric oxide was also mediating the PA-increase of the enzyme activity at longer incubation times, evidenced when the raise in NR activity produced by 0.1 mM Spm at the longest incubation time returned to the value of the control in the presence of cPTIO. Neither the protein expression nor the nitrate content were modified by PAs treatments. The involvement of PAs and NO in the regulation of NR activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Paola Rosales
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li Q, Wang X, Ma L, Wei M, Shi Q, Yang F. Molecular characterization of a cucumber nitrate reductase (CsNR) gene under NO3 − stress. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4283-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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