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Chen M, Dai S, Chen D, Zhu P, Feng N, Zheng D. Comparative Analysis Highlights Uniconazole's Efficacy in Enhancing the Cold Stress Tolerance of Mung Beans by Targeting Photosynthetic Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1885. [PMID: 39065416 PMCID: PMC11280120 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) are key legumes with global importance, but their mechanisms for coping with cold stress-a major challenge in agriculture-have not been thoroughly investigated, especially in a comparative study. This research aimed to fill this gap by examining how these two major legumes respond differently to cold stress and exploring the role of uniconazole, a potential stress mitigator. Our comprehensive approach involved transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, revealing distinct responses between soybean and mung bean under cold stress conditions. Notably, uniconazole was found to significantly enhance cold tolerance in mung bean by upregulating genes associated with photosynthesis, while its impact on soybean was either negligible or adverse. To further understand the molecular interactions, we utilized advanced machine learning algorithms for protein structure prediction, focusing on photosynthetic pathways. This enabled us to identify LOC106780309 as a direct binding target for uniconazole, confirmed through isothermal titration calorimetry. This research establishes a new comparative approach to explore how soybean and mung bean adapt to cold stress, offers key insights to improve the hardiness of legumes against environmental challenges, and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Shuangfeng Dai
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Daming Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peiyi Zhu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (S.D.); (D.C.); (P.Z.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
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Zhu X, Tang C, Zhang T, Zhang S, Wu J, Wang P. PbrCSP1, a pollen tube-specific cold shock domain protein, is essential for the growth and cold resistance of pear pollen tubes. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:18. [PMID: 38390031 PMCID: PMC10879076 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cold shock domain proteins (CSPs), initially identified in Escherichia coli, have been demonstrated to play a positive role in cold resistance. Previous studies in wheat, rice, and Arabidopsis have indicated the functional conservation of CSPs in cold resistance between bacteria and higher plants. However, the biological functions of PbrCSPs in pear pollen tubes, which represent the fragile reproductive organs highly sensitive to low temperature, remain largely unknown. In this study, a total of 22 CSPs were identified in the seven Rosaceae species, with a focus on characterizing four PbrCSPs in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder). All four PbrCSPs were structurally conserved and responsive to the abiotic stresses, such as cold, high osmotic, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. PbrCSP1, which is specifically expressed in pear pollen tubes, was selected for further research. PbrCSP1 was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Suppressing the expression of PbrCSP1 significantly inhibited the pollen tube growth in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of PbrCSP1 promoted the growth of pear pollen tubes under the normal condition and, notably, under the cold environment at 4 °C. These findings highlight an essential role of PbrCSP1 in facilitating the normal growth and enhancing cold resistance in pear pollen tubes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01457-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Chao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210014 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Xiang H, Wang S, Liang X, Wang X, Xie H, Wang D, Gai Z, Wang N, Xiang P, Han D, Shan D, Li Y, Li W. Foliar spraying of exogenous uniconazole (S3307) at the flowering stage as an effective method to resist low-temperature stress on mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22331. [PMID: 38102232 PMCID: PMC10724285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity worldwide and is likely to further increase. Several adaptations and mitigation strategies are required to cope with low-temperature stress. Uniconazole (S3307) could play a significant role in the alleviation of abiotic stress in plants. In this study, the effects of S3307 on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant metabolism were studied in the leaves of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. The experimental results showed that the low-temperature induced accumulation of superoxide anion (O2-) production rate, and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents. Increased proline content and enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were found to alleviate oxidative damage under low temperatures. While, S3307 could reduce O2- production rate and MDA contents and increase the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, slowed the decrease in ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and promoted increase in soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP), and proline (Pro) content under low-temperature. At the same time, low temperature leads to lower 100 grain weight and number of grains per plant, which eventually causes yield reduction decreased. Foliar spraying of S3307 could alleviate the yield loss caused by low temperature, and the increase of S3307 treatment was 5.1%-12.5% and 6.3%-32.9% for the two varieties, respectively, compared with CK. In summary, exogenous S3307 pretreatment enhances plant tolerance to low-temperature by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities, increased non-enzymatic antioxidants content, and decreased O2- production rate and MDA contents and inducing alterations in endogenous S3307, and reduce the decrease in mung bean yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Xiang
- Suihua Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua, 152054, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiya Wang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongchang Xie
- Suihua Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua, 152054, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Suihua Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Suihua, 152054, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Gai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongwei Han
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dapeng Shan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yichu Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wan Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gautam H, Sharma A, Trivedi PK. The role of flavonols in insect resistance and stress response. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102353. [PMID: 37001187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms and must adapt to various environmental changes, especially from stress conditions. Synthesis of secondary metabolites by the plant is one of the adaptive mechanisms against stress to provide resistance. Among several secondary metabolites, flavonols, a subgroup of flavonoids, are one of the most widely distributed in the plant kingdom. These molecules work as antioxidants, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, and cause detrimental effects on insect growth on feeding. Despite the great interest in flavonol function leading to insect tolerance and stress response, the detailed mechanisms related to these specific functions have yet to be studied. In this review, we have summarized the role of flavonols in plant defense against insects and different abiotic stresses and possible mechanisms involved in these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Gautam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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5
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Zhao X, Xie H, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li Z, Yin W, Yuan A, Zhou H, Manan S, Nazar M, Iqbal B, Li G, Du D. Combined Inhibitory Effect of Canada Goldenrod Invasion and Soil Microplastics on Rice Growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11947. [PMID: 36231243 PMCID: PMC9565921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alien plant invasion and residual soil microplastics (MPs) are growing threats to agricultural crop production. This study determined the adverse effects of Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) invasion and residual soil MPs on rice growth and development. The biomass, phenological indices, photosynthetic parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities of rice were measured on the 50th and 80th day of post-plantation. Biomass and phenotypic results indicated the more harmful effects of the combination of S. canadensis invasion and residual soil MPs compared to S. canadensis invasion or residual soil MPs effects alone. Moreover, the interaction effect of S. canadensis invasion and residual soil MPs markedly reduced the ascorbate peroxidase and catalase belowground, while they increased in the aboveground parts of the rice. However, the S. canadensis invasion and residual soil MPs interactive treatments lowered the superoxide dismutase concentrations in the belowground parts of the rice plants while elevating the peroxidase and reactive oxygen species concentrations in both the belowground and aboveground parts compared to the other treatments. Among all treatments, S. canadensis invasion alone had the most negligible negative impact on rice biomass and growth indices. Our study suggests that soil MPs could negatively affect crop production with invasive alien plants, and the combined effects were more harmful than either of the single factors. Our findings will lay the groundwork for analyzing the impacts of invasive alien plants on rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxun Zhao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiqing Yin
- Zhenjiang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Aiguo Yuan
- Zhenjiang New District Environmental Monitoring Station Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212132, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Zhenjiang New District Environmental Monitoring Station Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212132, China
| | - Sehrish Manan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
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Chaturvedi P, Wiese AJ, Ghatak A, Záveská Drábková L, Weckwerth W, Honys D. Heat stress response mechanisms in pollen development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:571-585. [PMID: 33818773 PMCID: PMC9292940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being rooted in place, plants are faced with the challenge of responding to unfavourable local conditions. One such condition, heat stress, contributes massively to crop losses globally. Heatwaves are predicted to increase, and it is of vital importance to generate crops that are tolerant to not only heat stress but also to several other abiotic stresses (e.g. drought stress, salinity stress) to ensure that global food security is protected. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the temperature stress response in pollen will be a significant step towards developing effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants. While most studies have focused on the vegetative phase of plant growth to understand heat stress tolerance, it is the reproductive phase that requires more attention as it is more sensitive to elevated temperatures. Every phase of reproductive development is affected by environmental challenges, including pollen and ovule development, pollen tube growth, male-female cross-talk, fertilization, and embryo development. In this review we summarize how pollen is affected by heat stress and the molecular mechanisms employed during the stress period, as revealed by classical and -omics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Anna J. Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
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MicroRNA Omics Analysis of Camellia sinesis Pollen Tubes in Response to Low-Temperature and Nitric Oxide. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070930. [PMID: 34201466 PMCID: PMC8301950 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) as a momentous signal molecule participates in plant reproductive development and responds to various abiotic stresses. Here, the inhibitory effects of the NO-dominated signal network on the pollen tube growth of Camellia sinensis under low temperature (LT) were studied by microRNA (miRNA) omics analysis. The results showed that 77 and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were induced by LT and NO treatment, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEM target genes related to microtubules and actin were enriched uniquely under LT treatment, while DEM target genes related to redox process were enriched uniquely under NO treatment. In addition, the target genes of miRNA co-regulated by LT and NO are only located on the cell membrane and cell wall, and most of them are enriched in metal ion binding and/or transport and cell wall organization. Furthermore, DEM and its target genes related to metal ion binding/transport, redox process, actin, cell wall organization and carbohydrate metabolism were identified and quantified by functional analysis and qRT-PCR. In conclusion, miRNA omics analysis provides a complex signal network regulated by NO-mediated miRNA, which changes cell structure and component distribution by adjusting Ca2+ gradient, thus affecting the polar growth of the C. sinensis pollen tube tip under LT.
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Understanding Physiology and Impacts of High Temperature Stress on the Progamic Phase of Coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121651. [PMID: 33256155 PMCID: PMC7759946 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive phase of coconut is extremely sensitive to high temperature, manifesting as button (female flower) shedding and poor nut set. The progamic phase, which elapses from pollination to fertilization, is one of the most critical phases during the sexual reproduction processes in annuals and fruit trees and is extremely vulnerable to high temperature. Hence, we investigated the progamic phase of the tall coconut cultivar West Coast Tall (WCT) and the effect of high temperature on the phase under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Coconut has a long pistil and its length was found to be 18.2 ± 4.9 mm in WCT. Pollen germination on stigma occurred one day after pollination and the pollen tube traversed through the pistil and reached micropyle of ovule four days after pollination at 29 °C. However, high temperature (Tmax > 33 °C), both under in vivo and in vitro conditions, significantly reduced pollen tube growth through the pistil, suggesting its inability to reach the ovule on time to effect fertilization. High temperature also advanced nectar secretion and stigma receptivity and the receptive stigma was dry without nectar, rendering it unappealing to insect pollinators. Thus, both poor pollination and the inability of pollen tube to reach the ovule on time to effect fertilization could be the cause of poor nut set in the coconut variety WCT under high temperature. However, it was encouraging to note that the pollen tube growth was less vulnerable to elevated temperature under high humidity, suggesting that climate change effect on coconut in coastal regions with high humidity might be less severe.
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11
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Cai G, Del Duca S. Treatment with spermidine alleviates the effects of concomitantly applied cold stress by modulating Ca 2+, pH and ROS homeostasis, actin filament organization and cell wall deposition in pollen tubes of Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:578-590. [PMID: 33065378 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of spermidine treatment concomitant with cold stress on the elongation of Camellia sinensis pollen tube. When exogenous spermidine (0.05 mM) was applied concomitantly with cold stress, pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were significantly increased in comparison with cold stressed pollen tubes. In addition, spermidine treatment concomitantly with cold stress reduced pollen tube abnormalities induced by cold stress. Besides, cold-induced disorganizations of actin filaments were ameliorated after spermidine treatment along with cold stress because anisotropy levels of actin filaments in shank and apex of pollen tubes decreased. Changes in cold-induced callose distribution in the pollen tube cell wall were partially recovered after spermidine/cold stress treatment. Other cold-induced effects (decrease in Ca2+ content, reduction of pH gradient, accumulation of ROS) were reverted to adequate levels after spermidine treatment in conjunction with cold stress, indicating that pollen tubes are able to cope with stress. Thus, spermidine treatment reorganized the growth pattern of pollen tubes by modulating Ca2+ and ROS homeostasis, actin cytoskeleton organization, and cell wall deposition in Camellia sinensis pollen tubes under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Scholz P, Anstatt J, Krawczyk HE, Ischebeck T. Signalling Pinpointed to the Tip: The Complex Regulatory Network That Allows Pollen Tube Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1098. [PMID: 32859043 PMCID: PMC7569787 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations. During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by pollen tubes, specialised structures elongating by tip growth, which is based on an equilibrium between cell wall-reinforcing processes and turgor-driven expansion. One important factor of this equilibrium is the rate of pectin secretion mediated and regulated by factors including the exocyst complex and small G proteins. Critically important are also non-proteinaceous molecules comprising protons, calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and signalling lipids. Among the latter, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the kinases involved in its formation have been assigned important functions. The negatively charged headgroup of this lipid serves as an interaction point at the apical plasma membrane for partners such as the exocyst complex, thereby polarising the cell and its secretion processes. Another important signalling lipid is phosphatidic acid (PA), that can either be formed by the combination of phospholipases C and diacylglycerol kinases or by phospholipases D. It further fine-tunes pollen tube growth, for example by regulating ROS formation. How the individual signalling cues are intertwined or how external guidance cues are integrated to facilitate directional growth remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
| | | | | | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany; (J.A.); (H.E.K.)
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13
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Guo J, Dong X, Li Y, Wang B. NaCl treatment markedly enhanced pollen viability and pollen preservation time of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa via up regulation of pollen development-related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:57-71. [PMID: 31654246 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable growth of halophytes has significantly increased through moderate salinity. However, little is known about the reproductive traits of euhalophytes. Male reproduction is pivotal for fertilization and seed production and sensitive to abiotic stressors. The pollen viability and pollen longevity of Suaeda salsa treated with 0 and 200 mM of NaCl were evaluated. It was revealed that the pollen size of S. salsa treated with NaCl was significantly bigger than that in controls. Furthermore, the pollen viability of S. salsa plants treated with NaCl was also significantly higher than that of control after 8 h of the pollens were collected (from 10 to 27 h). The pollen viability of NaCl-treated plants in the field could be maintained for 8 h (from 07:00 to 15:00) in sunny days, which was 1 h longer than that of control plants (from 07:00 to 14:00). Meanwhile, the pollen preservation time of NaCl-treated plants was 16 h at room temperature, which was 8 h longer than that of control plants. Genes related to pollen development, such as SsPRK3, SsPRK4, and SsLRX, exhibited high expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. This indicated that NaCl markedly improved the pollen viability and preservation time via the increased expression of pollen development-related genes, and this benefits the population establishment of halophytes such as S. salsa in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiu Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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14
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Ponvert N, Goldberg J, Leydon A, Johnson MA. Iterative subtraction facilitates automated, quantitative analysis of multiple pollen tube growth features. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:45-54. [PMID: 30543045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-00351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, successful reproduction and generation of seed depends on the delivery of immotile sperm to female gametes via the pollen tube. As reproduction in flowering plants is the cornerstone of our agricultural industry, there is a need to uncover the genes, small molecules, and environmental conditions that affect pollen tube growth dynamics. However, methods for measuring pollen tube phenotypes are labor intensive, and suffer from a tradeoff between workload and resolution. To approach these problems, we use an image analysis technique called Automated Stack Iterative Subtraction (ASIST). Our tool converts growing pollen tube tips into closed particles, making the automated simultaneous extraction of multiple pollen tube phenotypes from hundreds of individual cells tractable via existing particle identification technology. Here we use our tool to analyze growth dynamics of pollen tubes in vitro, and semi in vivo. We show that ASIST provides a framework for robust, high throughput analysis of pollen tube growth behaviors in populations of cells, thus facilitating pollen tube phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Ponvert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jacob Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Leydon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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15
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Parrotta L, Faleri C, Del Duca S, Cai G. Depletion of sucrose induces changes in the tip growth mechanism of tobacco pollen tubes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:23-43. [PMID: 29659664 PMCID: PMC6025209 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Pollen tubes are rapidly growing, photosynthetically inactive cells that need high rates of energy to support growth. Energy can derive from internal and external storage sources. The lack of carbon sources can cause various problems during pollen tube growth, which in turn could affect the reproduction of plants. Methods We analysed the effects of energy deficiency on the development of Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes by replacing sucrose with glycerol in the growth medium. We focused on cell growth and related processes, such as metabolite composition and cell wall synthesis. Key Results We found that the lack of sucrose affects pollen germination and pollen tube length during a specific growth period. Both sugar metabolism and ATP concentration were affected by sucrose shortage when pollen tubes were grown in glycerol-based media; this was related to decreases in the concentrations of glucose, fructose and UDP-glucose. The intracellular pH and ROS levels also showed a different distribution in pollen tubes grown in sucrose-depleted media. Changes were also observed at the cell wall level, particularly in the content and distribution of two enzymes related to cell wall synthesis (sucrose synthase and callose synthase). Furthermore, both callose and newly secreted cell wall material (mainly pectins) showed an altered distribution corresponding to the lack of oscillatory growth in pollen tubes. Growth in glycerol-based media also temporarily affected the movement of generative cells and, in parallel, the deposition of callose plugs. Conclusion Pollen tubes represent an ideal model system for studying metabolic pathways during the growth of plant cells. In our study, we found evidence that glycerol, a less energetic source for cell growth than sucrose, causes critical changes in cell wall deposition. The evidence that different aspects of pollen tube growth are affected is an indication that pollen tubes adapt to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Distefano G, Gentile A, Hedhly A, La Malfa S. Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self-incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:191-198. [PMID: 29106780 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the key environmental factors affecting plant reproductive systems is temperature. Characterising such effects is especially relevant for some commercially important genera such as Citrus. In this genus, failure of fertilisation results in parthenocarpic fruit development and seedlessness, which is a much-prized character. Here, we characterise the effects of temperature on flower and ovary development, and on pollen-pistil interactions in 'Comune' clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). We examine flower bud development, in vitro pollen germination and pollen-pistil interaction at different temperatures (15, 20, 25 or 30 °C). These temperatures span the range from 'cold' to 'hot' weather during the flowering season in many citrus-growing regions. Temperature had a strong effect on flower and ovary development, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth kinetics. In particular, parthenocarpic fruit development (indicated by juice vesicle growth) was initiated early if flowers were exposed to warmer temperatures during anthesis. Exposure to different temperatures during flower bud development also alters expression of the self-incompatibility reaction. This affects the point in the pistil at which pollen tube growth is arrested and confirms the role of sub- and supra-optimal temperatures in determining the numbers of pollen tubes reaching the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Distefano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Gentile
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Hedhly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S La Malfa
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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17
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Pan J, Wang W, Li D, Shu Z, Ye X, Chang P, Wang Y. Gene expression profile indicates involvement of NO in Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:809. [PMID: 27756219 PMCID: PMC5070194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a critical signaling molecule in the low-temperature stress responses in plants, including polarized pollen tube growth in Camellia sinensis. Despite this, the potential mechanisms underlying the participation of NO in pollen tube responses to low temperature remain unclear. Here, we investigate alterations to gene expression in C. sinensis pollen tubes exposed to low-temperature stress and NO using RNA-Seq technology, in order to find the potential candidate genes related to the regulation of pollen tube elongation by NO under low-temperature stress. RESULTS Three libraries were generated from C. sinensis cv. 'Longjingchangye' pollen tubes cultured at 25 °C (CsPT-CK) and 4 °C (CsPT-LT) or with 25 μM DEA NONOate (CsPT-NO). The number of unigenes found for the three biological replications were 39,726, 40,440 and 41,626 for CsPT-CK; 36,993, 39,070 and 39,439 for CsPT-LT; and 39,514, 38,298 and 39,061 for CsPT-NO. A total of 36,097 unique assembled and annotated sequences from C. sinensis pollen tube reads were found in a BLAST search of the following databases: NCBI non-redundant nucleotide, Swiss-prot protein, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins, and Gene Ontology. The absolute values of log2Ratio > 1 and probability > 0.7 were used as the thresholds for significantly differential gene expression, and 766, 497 and 929 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found from the comparison analyses of the CK-VS-LT, CK-VS-NO and LT-VS-NO libraries, respectively. Genes related to metabolism and signaling pathways of plant hormones, transcription factors (TFs), vesicle polarized trafficking, cell wall biosynthesis, the ubiquitination machinery of the ubiquitin system and species-specific secondary metabolite pathways were mainly observed in the CK-VS-LT and CK-VS-NO libraries. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed unigenes related to the inhibition of C. sinensis pollen tube growth under low temperature and NO are identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to improve studying the molecular mechanisms underlying low-temperature tolerance in pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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18
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Heilmann I, Ischebeck T. Male functions and malfunctions: the impact of phosphoinositides on pollen development and pollen tube growth. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:3-20. [PMID: 26676144 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides in pollen. In angiosperms, sexual reproduction is a series of complex biological events that facilitate the distribution of male generative cells for double fertilization. Angiosperms have no motile gametes, and the distribution units of generative cells are pollen grains, passively mobile desiccated structures, capable of delivering genetic material to compatible flowers over long distances and in an adverse environment. The development of pollen (male gametogenesis) and the formation of a pollen tube after a pollen grain has reached a compatible flower (pollen tube growth) are important aspects of plant developmental biology. In recent years, a wealth of information has been gathered about the molecular control of cell polarity, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying these developmental processes. In particular, it has been found that regulatory membrane phospholipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), are critical regulatory players, controlling key steps of trafficking and polarization. Characteristic features of PIs are the inositol phosphate headgroups of the lipids, which protrude from the cytosolic surfaces of membranes, enabling specific binding and recruitment of numerous protein partners containing specific PI-binding domains. Such recruitment is globally an early event in polarization processes of eukaryotic cells and also of key importance to pollen development and tube growth. Additionally, PIs serve as precursors of other signaling factors with importance to male gametogenesis. This review highlights the recent advances about the roles of PIs in pollen development and pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Wang W, Sheng X, Shu Z, Li D, Pan J, Ye X, Chang P, Li X, Wang Y. Combined Cytological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway Involved in Cold-Inhibited Camellia sinensis Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:456. [PMID: 27148289 PMCID: PMC4830839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule plays crucial roles in many abiotic stresses in plant development processes, including pollen tube growth. Here, the signaling networks dominated by NO during cold stress that inhibited Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth are investigated in vitro. Cytological analysis show that cold-induced NO is involved in the inhibition of pollen tube growth along with disruption of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) gradient, increase in ROS content, acidification of cytoplasmic pH and abnormalities in organelle ultrastructure and cell wall component distribution in the pollen tube tip. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-related to signaling pathway, such as NO synthesis, cGMP, Ca(2+), ROS, pH, actin, cell wall, and MAPK cascade signal pathways, are identified and quantified using transcriptomic analyses and qRT-PCR, which indicate a potential molecular mechanism for the above cytological results. Taken together, these findings suggest that a complex signaling network dominated by NO, including Ca(2+), ROS, pH, RACs signaling and the crosstalk among them, is stimulated in the C. sinensis pollen tube in response to cold stress, which further causes secondary and tertiary alterations, such as ultrastructural abnormalities in organelles and cell wall construction, ultimately resulting in perturbed pollen tube extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xianyong Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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20
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Zhang J, Li X, Zhou L, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Analysis of effects of a new environmental pollutant, bisphenol A, on antioxidant systems in soybean roots at different growth stages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23782. [PMID: 27030053 PMCID: PMC4815016 DOI: 10.1038/srep23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important industrial raw material. Because of its widespread use and increasing release into environment, BPA has become a new environmental pollutant. Previous studies about BPA's effects in plants focus on a certain growth stage. However, the plant's response to pollutants varies at different growth stages. Therefore, in this work, BPA's effects in soybean roots at different growth stages were investigated by determining the reactive oxygen species levels, membrane lipid fatty acid composition, membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant systems. The results showed that low-dose BPA exposure slightly caused membrane lipid peroxidation but didn't activate antioxidant systems at the seedling stage, and this exposure did not affect above process at other growth stages; high-dose BPA increased reactive oxygen species levels and then caused membrane lipid peroxidation at all growth stages although it activated antioxidant systems, and these effects were weaker with prolonging the growth stages. The recovery degree after withdrawal of BPA exposure was negatively related to BPA dose, but was positively related to growth stage. Taken together, the effects of BPA on antioxidant systems in soybean roots were associated with BPA exposure dose and soybean growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Zhu Z, Qi F, Yan C, Zhan Y. Sexually different morphological, physiological and molecular responses of Fraxinus mandshurica flowers to floral development and chilling stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 99:97-107. [PMID: 26744995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus mandshurica is considered a dioecious hardwood, and the temporal separation of the maturation of the male and female flowers is one reason that F. mandshurica has become an endangered species in China. Rainfall and low temperature influence pollen formation and dispersal and the blooming of female flowers. Therefore, low fertilization efficiency strongly influences the population of F. mandshurica. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the sex-specific morphological, physiological and molecular differentiation of F. mandshurica during flowering and its responses to low temperature. In this study, we investigated the sexual differences in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of F. mandshurica during flowering and determined the physiological and biochemical parameters and expression levels of related genes in response to low-temperature stress induced by exposure to 4 °C (chilling stress) during pollen dispersal and fertilization. Our study supports the hypothesis that male flowers suffer more severe injuries while female flowers are more adaptable to environmental stress during flower development in F. mandshurica. The results showed higher physiological and biochemical levels of malondialdehyde, proline, and soluble sugar, as well as the expression of genes involved in calcium signaling, cold shock and DNA methylation in male flowers compared with female flowers, which suggested that male flowers suffer from more serious peroxidation than female flowers. In contrast, higher antioxidant capacity and FmaCAT expression were detected in female flowers, providing preliminary evidence that male flowers rapidly fade after pollination and further demonstrating that female flowers need a much stronger antioxidant enzyme system to maintain embryonic growth. Most peaks related to physiological and molecular responses were observed at 2-4 h and 8-10 h of exposure to chilling stress in the female and male flowers, respectively. This trend implies that female flowers have higher adaptability to low temperature during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Life Science College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China
| | - Fenghui Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China; Life Science College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China
| | - Chaofu Yan
- Qingshan Seed Orchard, Weihe Forestry Bureau, Shangzhi, 150628, PR China
| | - Yaguang Zhan
- National Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China; Life Science College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China.
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22
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Gao Y, Zhou H, Chen J, Jiang X, Tao S, Wu J, Zhang S. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by cytoplasmic acidification results in pollen tube growth cessation in Pyrus pyrifolia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:603-15. [PMID: 25135193 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The length of pollen tubes grown in synthetic media is normally shorter than those grown in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the cessation of pollen tube growth under culture conditions remain(s) largely unknown. Here, we report a previously unknown correlation between vacuolar function and the cell's ability to sustain mitochondrial functions in pear pollen tubes. The pear pollen tubes in vitro grew slowly after 15 hours post-cultured (HPC) and nearly ceased growth at 18 HPC. There was increased malondialdehyde content and membrane ion leakage at 15 HPC compared with 12 HPC. Furthermore, cytoplasmic acidification mainly mediated by decreased vacuolar H(+)-ATPase [V-ATPase, Enzyme Commission (EC) 3.6.1.3] activity was observed in pollen tubes after 15 HPC, and this further resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial structure disruption, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and decreases in both oxygen consumption and ATP production. Our findings suggest that vacuoles and mitochondria intimately linked in regulating pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Gao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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