1
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Dai Y, Chen H, Li Y, Hui R, Zhang Z. Promising New Methods Based on the SOD Enzyme and SAUR36 Gene to Screen for Canola Materials with Heavy Metal Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38927321 PMCID: PMC11200428 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Canola is the largest self-produced vegetable oil source in China, although excessive levels of cadmium, lead, and arsenic seriously affect its yield. Therefore, developing methods to identify canola materials with good heavy metal tolerance is a hot topic for canola breeding. In this study, canola near-isogenic lines with different oil contents (F338 (40.62%) and F335 (46.68%) as the control) and heavy metal tolerances were used as raw materials. In an experiment with 100 times the safe standard values, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of F335 were 32.02 mmol/mg and 71.84 mmol/mg, while the activities of F338 were 24.85 mmol/mg and 63.86 mmol/mg, exhibiting significant differences. The DEGs and DAPs in the MAPK signaling pathway of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and other related pathways were analyzed and verified using RT-qPCR. SAUR36 and SAUR32 were identified as the key differential genes. The expression of the SAUR36 gene in canola materials planted in the experimental field was significantly higher than in the control, and FY958 exhibited the largest difference (27.82 times). In this study, SOD and SAUR36 were found to be closely related to heavy metal stress tolerance. Therefore, they may be used to screen for new canola materials with good heavy metal stress tolerance for canola breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Yufang Li
- Hunan Cotton Science Institute, No. 3036 Shanjuan Road, Changde 415101, China;
| | - Rongkui Hui
- Hunan Province Institute of Agricultural Science, South of Hongyuan East Road, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hunan, 1 Agricultural Road, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.D.); (H.C.)
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2
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Wang J, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhang D, Dai Z, Luo X, Zhang X, Xia H, Liang D, Lv X, Lin L. Exogenous indole-3-acetic acid promotes the plant growth and accumulation of selenium in grapevine under selenium stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:426. [PMID: 38769488 PMCID: PMC11103883 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To alleviate the selenium (Se) stress in fruit trees and improve its accumulation, the effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and Se accumulation of grapevine under Se stress were studied. The application of exogenous IAA increased the biomass of grapevine, and the concentration of exogenous IAA had a regression relationship with the biomass. The root and shoot biomass were the maximum at 60 mg L- 1 IAA, increasing by 15.61% and 23.95%, respectively, compared with the control. Exogenous IAA also increased the photosynthetic pigments and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in grapevine. Moreover, exogenous IAA increased the contents of total Se, organic Se, and inorganic Se, and the concentration of exogenous IAA had a regression relationship with the total Se content. The highest contents of root total Se and shoot total Se were accumulated at 90 mg L- 1 IAA, increasing by 29.94% and 55.77% respectively,. In addition, the correlation and path analyses revealed that the carotenoid content and root total Se content were closely associated with the shoot total Se content. Therefore, the application of exogenous IAA can alleviate the stress of Se to grape and promote its uptake and the most effective amount for the uptake of Se is 90 mg L- 1 IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Horticulture Research, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dilian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Nawaz M, Sun J, Bo Y, He F, Shabbir S, Hassan MU, Pan L, Ahmad P, Sonne C, Du D. Cadmium induced defense enhance the invasive potential of Wedelia trilobata under herbivore infestation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133931. [PMID: 38447369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is on the rise due to rapid urbanization, which emphasize the potential adverse effects on plant biodiversity and human health. Wedelia as a dominant invasive species, is tested for its tolerance to Cd-toxicity and herbivore infestation. We investigate defense mechanism system of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its native congener Wedelia chinensis against the Cd-pollution and Spodoptera litura infestation. We found that Cd-toxicity significantly increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyl ions (O2•) in W. chinensis 20.61%, 4.78% and 15.68% in leave and 27.44%, 25.52% and 30.88% in root, respectively. The photosynthetic pigments (Chla, Chla and Caro) and chlorophyll florescence (Fo and Fv/Fm) declined by (60.23%, 58.48% and 51.96%), and (73.29% and 55.75%) respectively in W. chinensis and (44.76%, 44.24% and 44.30%), and (54.66% and 45.36%) in W. trilobata under Cd treatment and S. litura. Invasive W. trilobata had higher enzymatic antioxidant SOD 126.9/71.64%, POD 97.24/94.92%, CAT 53.99/25.62% and APX 82.79/50.19%, and nonenzymatic antioxidant ASA 10.47/16.87%, DHA 15.07/27.88%, GSH 15.91/10.03% and GSSG 13.56/17.93% activity in leaf/root, respectively. Overall, W. trilobata accumulate higher Cd content 55.41%, 50.61% and 13.95% in root, shoot and leaf tissues respectively, than its native congener W. chinensis. While, nutrient profile of W. chinensis reveals less uptake of Fe, Cu and Zn than W. trilobata. W. trilobata showed efficient alleviation of oxidative damage through upregulating the genes related to key defense such as SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, PROL, FLV, ABA and JAZ, and metal transporter in leaves, shoot and root tissues, respectively. Conclusively, W. trilobata efficiently employed Cd-triggered defense for successful invasion, even under S. litura infestation, in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Nawaz
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yanwen Bo
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Samina Shabbir
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Linxuan Pan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir 192301, India
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Technological Sciences, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Enviroment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Singh P, Jaiswal S, Tripathi DK, Singh VP. Nitric oxide acts upstream of indole-3-acetic acid in ameliorating arsenate stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108461. [PMID: 38461754 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
After their discovery, nitric oxide (NO) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) have been reported as game-changing cellular messengers for reducing abiotic stresses in plants. But, information regarding their shared signaling in regulating metal stress is still unclear. Herein, we have investigated about the joint role of NO and IAA in mitigation of arsenate [As(V)] toxicity in tomato seedlings. Arsenate being a toxic metalloid increases the NPQ level and cell death while decreasing the biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, endogenous NO content in tomato seedlings. However, application of IAA or SNP to the As(V) stressed seedlings improved growth together with less accumulation of arsenic and thus, preventing cell death. Interestingly, addition of c-PTIO, {2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a scavenger of NO} and 2, 3, 5-triidobenzoic acid (TIBA, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport) further increased cell death and inhibited activity of GST, leading to As(V) toxicity. However, addition of IAA to SNP and TIBA treated seedlings reversed the effect of TIBA resulting into decreased As(V) toxicity. These findings demonstrate that IAA plays a crucial and advantageous function in NO-mediated reduction of As(V) toxicity in seedlings of tomato. Overall, this study concluded that IAA might be acting as a downstream signal for NO-mediated reduction of As(V) toxicity in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Saumya Jaiswal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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5
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Yang W, Dai H, Wei S, Skuza L. The effect of exogenous plant growth regulators on elevated Cd phytoremediation by Solanum nigrum L. in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3964-3975. [PMID: 38097832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing amendment potential is an emphasis in the HM-contaminated field of phytoremediation by hyperaccumulators due to the low bioavailability of HMs in soils and small biomass yields of plants. This study investigated the influence of different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators on Cd phytoremediation by Solanum nigrum in contaminated soil. Our conclusions showed that the shoot Cd extractions (μg plant-1) and the root and shoot biomasses at all the treatments remarkedly increased compared with that of the CK (p < 0.05), while the Cd concentrations at root and aboveground parts by S. nigrum, the extractable Cd concentrations, and pH value of soils did not change significantly compared with the CK (p < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the shoot Cd phytoaccumulation and the root and aboveground biomasses of S. nigrum were particularly dependent upon the application of CTK and GA3 concentration gradient (p < 0.05). Moreover, some related physicochemical indexes were determined for supervising the growth conditions of plants, and these results pointed out that after exogenous PGRs treatments, the chlorophyll content and antioxidative enzymes POD and SOD activities in vivo of plants clearly advanced, while the H2O2 and MDA contents and CAT apparently declined. These consequence demonstrated that the exogenous PGR addition prominently reinforced the Cd phytoextraction capacity of S. nigrum in contaminated soil by stimulating plant growth and increasing shoot yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Academy of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 110159, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cytology, Institute for Research On Biodiversity, University of Szczecin, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
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6
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Lei D, Cao H, Zhang K, Mao K, Guo Y, Huang JH, Yang G, Zhang H, Feng X. Coupling of different antioxidative systems in rice under the simultaneous influence of selenium and cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122526. [PMID: 37683757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) elevates the antioxidant ability of rice against cadmium (Cd) stress, but previous studies only focused on the variation in antioxidant enzymes or nonenzymatic substances induced by Se under Cd stress and ignored the relationships between different antioxidant parameters during the interaction. Here, hydroponic experiments with rice were performed by adding both Cd and Se at doses in the range of 0-50 μM to explore the physiological responses of rice and their relationships in the presence of different levels of Se and Cd. Exogenous Cd markedly promoted the activity of antioxidant enzymes with the exception of catalase (CAT) and the concentration of nonenzymatic substances in aerial parts. Se enhanced the antioxidant capacity by improving the activities of all the enzymes tested in this study and increasing the concentrations of nonenzymatic compounds. The couplings among different antioxidant substances within paddy rice were then determined based on cluster and linear fitting results and their metabolic process and physiological functions. The findings specifically highlight that couplings among the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle, glutathione synthase (GS)-phytochelatin synthetase (PCS) coupling system and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-superoxide dismutase (SOD) coupling system in aerial parts helps protect plants from Cd stress. These coupling systems form likely due to the fact that one enzyme generated a product that could be the substrate for another enzyme. Noticeably, such coupling systems do not emerge in roots because the stronger damage to roots than other organs activates the ascorbate peroxidase (APX)-GPX-CAT and PCS-GS-SOD systems with distinct functions and structures. This study provides new insights into the detoxification mechanisms of rice caused by the combined effect of Se and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kuankuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Yongkun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jen-How Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Guili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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Hernández-Carranza P, Avila-Sosa R, Vera-López O, Navarro-Cruz AR, Ruíz-Espinosa H, Ruiz-López II, Ochoa-Velasco CE. Uncovering the Role of Hormones in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense Systems in Stressed Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3648. [PMID: 37896111 PMCID: PMC10610232 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important fruits worldwide. It is widely consumed due to its sensory and nutritional attributes. However, like many other industrial crops, it is affected by biotic and abiotic stress factors, reducing its metabolic and physiological processes. Tomato plants possess different mechanisms of stress responses in which hormones have a pivotal role. They are responsible for a complex signaling network, where the antioxidant system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) is crucial for avoiding the excessive damage caused by stress factors. In this sense, it seems that hormones such as ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, and salicylic, jasmonic, abscisic, and gibberellic acids, play important roles in increasing antioxidant system and reducing oxidative damage caused by different stressors. Although several studies have been conducted on the stress factors, hormones, and primary metabolites of tomato plants, the effect of endogenous and/or exogenous hormones on the secondary metabolism is still poorly studied, which is paramount for tomato growing management and secondary metabolites production. Thus, this review offers an updated overview of both endogenous biosynthesis and exogenous hormone application in the antioxidant system of tomato plants as a response to biotic and abiotic stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Hernández-Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (P.H.-C.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Raúl Avila-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (P.H.-C.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Obdulia Vera-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (P.H.-C.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Addí R. Navarro-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (P.H.-C.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Héctor Ruíz-Espinosa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (H.R.-E.); (I.I.R.-L.)
| | - Irving I. Ruiz-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (H.R.-E.); (I.I.R.-L.)
| | - Carlos E. Ochoa-Velasco
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Mexico; (P.H.-C.); (R.A.-S.)
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Zhao S, Kamran M, Rizwan M, Ali S, Yan L, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Riaz M. Regulation of proline metabolism, AsA-GSH cycle, cadmium uptake and subcellular distribution in Brassica napus L. under the effect of nano-silicon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122321. [PMID: 37544403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known to have detrimental effects on plant growth and human health. Recent studies showed that silicon nanoparticles (SNPs) can decrease Cd toxicity in plants. Therefore, a study was conducted using 50 μM Cd and 1.50 mM SNPs to investigate Cd uptake, subcellular distribution, proline (Pro) metabolism, and the antioxidant defense system in rapeseed seedlings. In this study, results indicated that Cd stress negatively affected rapeseed growth, and high Cd contents accumulated in both shoots and roots. However, SNPs significantly decreased Cd contents in shoots and roots. Moreover, substantial increases were found in root fresh weight by 40.6% and dry weight by 46.6%, as well as shoot fresh weight by 60.1% and dry weight by 113.7% with the addition of SNPs. Furthermore, the addition of SNPs alleviated oxidative injury by maintaining the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and increased Pro biosynthesis which could be due to high activities of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and reductase (P5CR) and decreased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity. Furthermore, the addition of SNPs accumulated Cd in the soluble fraction (42%) and cell wall (45%). Results indicate that SNPs effectively reduce Cd toxicity in rapeseed seedlings which may be effective in promoting both rapeseed productivity and human health preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Muhamamd Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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9
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Tang S, Xu Y, Zeng K, Liang X, Shi X, Liu K, Ma J, Yu F, Li Y. Comparative study on plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculation by irrigation and spraying for promoting Bidens pilosa L. phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114764. [PMID: 36907097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted to compare FM-1 inoculation by irrigation and spraying for promoting Bidens pilosa L. phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. Cascading relationships between bacterial inoculation by irrigation and spraying and soil properties, plant growth-promoting traits, plant biomass and Cd concentrations in Bidens pilosa L. were explored based on the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM). The results indicated that inoculation with FM-1 not only improved the rhizosphere soil environment of B. pilosa L. but also increased the Cd extracted from the soil. Moreover, Fe and P in leaves play vital roles in promoting plant growth when FM-1 is inoculated by irrigation, while Fe in leaves and stems plays a vital role in promoting plant growth when FM-1 is inoculated by spraying. In addition, FM-1 inoculation decreased the soil pH by affecting soil dehydrogenase and oxalic acid in cases with irrigation and Fe in roots in cases with spraying. Thus, the soil bioavailable Cd content increased and promoted Cd uptake by Bidens pilosa L. To address Cd-induced oxidative stress, Fe in leaves helped to convert GSH into PCs, which played a vital role in ROS scavenging when FM-1 was inoculated by irrigation. The soil urease content effectively increased the POD and APX activities in the leaves of Bidens pilosa L., which helped alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress when FM-1 was inoculated by spraying. This study compares and illustrates the potential mechanism by which FM-1 inoculation can improve the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by Bidens pilosa L., suggesting that FM-1 inoculation by irrigation and spraying is useful in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Kaiyue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Jiangming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 541004 Guilin, China.
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10
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Cuypers A, Vanbuel I, Iven V, Kunnen K, Vandionant S, Huybrechts M, Hendrix S. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress responses and acclimation in plants require fine-tuning of redox biology at subcellular level. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:81-96. [PMID: 36775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic compounds released into our environment and is harmful to human health, urging the need to remediate Cd-polluted soils. To this end, it is important to increase our insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd stress responses in plants, ultimately leading to acclimation, and to develop novel strategies for economic validation of these soils. Albeit its non-redox-active nature, Cd causes a cellular oxidative challenge, which is a crucial determinant in the onset of diverse signalling cascades required for long-term acclimation and survival of Cd-exposed plants. Although it is well known that Cd affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, the contribution of individual organelles to Cd-induced oxidative stress responses is less well studied. Here, we provide an overview of the current information on Cd-induced organellar responses with special attention to redox biology. We propose that an integration of organellar ROS signals with other signalling pathways is essential to finetune plant acclimation to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Isabeau Vanbuel
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Verena Iven
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Kunnen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Vandionant
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michiel Huybrechts
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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11
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Vicente I, Arteaga N, Gómez-Jiménez S, Fuentes-Terrón A, Oulebsir CS, Calvo-Polanco M, Oliver C, Lorenzo Ó. Functions of nitric oxide-mediated post-translational modifications under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158184. [PMID: 37063215 PMCID: PMC10101340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions greatly impact plant growth and development. In the current context of both global climate change and land degradation, abiotic stresses usually lead to growth restriction limiting crop production. Plants have evolved to sense and respond to maximize adaptation and survival; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the different converging signaling networks becomes critical for improving plant tolerance. In the last few years, several studies have shown the plant responses against drought and salinity, high and low temperatures, mechanical wounding, heavy metals, hypoxia, UV radiation, or ozone stresses. These threats lead the plant to coordinate a crosstalk among different pathways, highlighting the role of phytohormones and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In particular, plants sense these reactive species through post-translational modification (PTM) of macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and fatty acids, hence triggering antioxidant responses with molecular implications in the plant welfare. Here, this review compiles the state of the art about how plant systems sense and transduce this crosstalk through PTMs of biological molecules, highlighting the S-nitrosylation of protein targets. These molecular mechanisms finally impact at a physiological level facing the abiotic stressful traits that could lead to establishing molecular patterns underlying stress responses and adaptation strategies.
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12
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Asaf S, Jan R, Khan MA, Khan AL, Asif S, Bilal S, Ahmad W, Waqas M, Kim KM, Al-Harrasi A, Lee IJ. Unraveling the mutualistic interaction between endophytic Curvularia lunata CSL1 and tomato to mitigate cadmium (Cd) toxicity via transcriptomic insights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160542. [PMID: 36493827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata strain SL1 was used to explore its bioremediation potential and growth restoration of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Our findings demonstrate that SL1 establishes a symbiotic relationship with tomato plants, which modulates the antioxidant system, secondary metabolites, and gene expression in tomato plants exposed to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, tomato seedling growth was significantly reduced by up to 42.8 %, although this reduction was mitigated by up to 25 % after SL1 inoculation. Similar to this, SLI inoculation inhibits Cd absorption and translocation to the upper parts of the plant. Additionally, during Cd stress, phytohormones related to stress, including jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene (ET), were elevated; however, SL1 inoculation lowered their level. RNA-Seq data revealed that the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was detected in the comparison between control and 1 mM Cd, followed by 2 mM Cd stress. These DEGs were mostly related to oxidoreductase activity, catalytic activity, plant hormones transduction, and photosynthesis. The findings also suggested that SL1 could improve tomato tolerance to Cd stress by modulating Ca2+ signaling, phytohormone biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, and some transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science, Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Tripathi DK, Kandhol N, Rai P, Mishra V, Pandey S, Deshmukh R, Sahi S, Sharma S, Singh VP. Ethylene Renders Silver Nanoparticles Stress Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Endogenous Nitric Oxide Accumulation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1954-1967. [PMID: 36377808 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years have increased the prevalence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment, resulting in increased exposure of plants to AgNPs. Recently, various studies have reported the effect of AgNPs on plant growth at different concentrations. However, identifying the mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in plant responses against AgNPs stress is crucial to find an effective way to deal with the phytotoxic impacts of AgNPs on plant growth and development. Therefore, this study was envisaged to investigate the participation of ethylene in mediating the activation of AgNPs stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through a switch that regulates endogenous nitric oxide (NO) accumulation. Treatment of AgNPs alone hampered the growth of rice seedlings due to severe oxidative stress as a result of decline in sulfur assimilation, glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and alteration in the redox status of GSH. These results are also accompanied by the higher endogenous NO level. However, addition of ethephon (a donor of ethylene) reversed the AgNP-induced effects. Though the application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) alone promoted the growth of rice seedlings but, interestingly their application in combination with AgNPs enhanced the AgNP-induced toxicity in the seedlings through the same routes as exhibited in the case of AgNPs alone treatment. Interestingly, addition of ethephon reversed the negative effects of SiNPs under AgNPs stress. These results suggest that ethylene might act as a switch to regulate the level of endogenous NO, which in turn could be associated with AgNPs stress tolerance in rice. Furthermore, the results also indicated that addition of l-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (an inhibitor of endogenous NO synthesis) also reversed the toxic effects of SiNPs together with AgNPs, further suggesting that the low level of endogenous NO was associated with AgNPs stress tolerance. Overall, the results indicate that the low level of endogenous NO triggers AgNPs stress tolerance, while high level leads to AgNPs toxicity by regulating sulfur assimilation, GSH biosynthesis, redox status of GSH and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that ethylene might act as a switch for regulating AgNPs stress in rice seedlings by controlling endogenous NO accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Vipul Mishra
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Sangeeta Pandey
- Plant and Microbe Interaction Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, PB, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, University City Campus, 600 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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14
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Rolón-Cárdenas GA, Arvizu-Gómez JL, Soria-Guerra RE, Pacheco-Aguilar JR, Alatorre-Cobos F, Hernández-Morales A. The role of auxins and auxin-producing bacteria in the tolerance and accumulation of cadmium by plants. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3743-3764. [PMID: 35022877 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plant physiology and development. This review discusses Cd effects on auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis, and the strategies for restoring plant growth based on exogenous auxin application. First, the two well-characterized auxin biosynthesis pathways in plants are described, as well as the effect of exogenous auxin application on plant growth. Then, review describes the impacts of Cd on the content, biosynthesis, conjugation, and oxidation of endogenous auxins, which are related to a decrease in root development, photosynthesis, and biomass production. Finally, compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of auxin-producing rhizobacteria in plants exposed to Cd is showed, focusing on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and production of antioxidant compounds and osmolytes that counteract Cd toxicity, favoring plant growth and improve phytoremediation efficiency. Expanding our understanding of the positive effects of exogenous auxins application and the interactions between bacteria and plants growing in Cd-polluted environments will allow us to propose phytoremediation strategies for restoring environments contaminated with this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Adelina Rolón-Cárdenas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fraccionamiento Rafael Curiel, 79060, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CENITT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | | | - Alejandro Hernández-Morales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fraccionamiento Rafael Curiel, 79060, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México.
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15
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Mir AR, Alam P, Hayat S. Auxin regulates growth, photosynthetic efficiency and mitigates copper induced toxicity via modulation of nutrient status, sugar metabolism and antioxidant potential in Brassica juncea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:244-259. [PMID: 35717733 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of auxin (IAA) in growth and development of plants is well known, but its role in the mitigation of metal stress, especially copper (Cu), is not fully understood; therefore, it is time to explore its involvement in minimizing the stress. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the protective function of IAA, applied to the foliage, on photosynthetic machinery, carbohydrate metabolism, and growth of Brassica juncea, grown with Cu (30 or 60 mg kg-1 of soil). Among the different concentrations (10-10, 10-8, or 10-6 M), 10-8 M of IAA alone enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics, sugar accumulation and vegetative growth with minimal cellular oxidative stress level. Moreover, the same concentration of auxin was most effective in decreasing the stress levels generated by Cu and maintained it nearly to that of the control in terms of photosynthetic attributes, gas exchange parameters, PSII activity, electron transport rate, and growth attributes. Auxin also maintained the membrane stability and ultrastructure of chloroplast, stomatal morphology with a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and cell death in test plants even under Cu stress. IAA also improved the translocation of Cu from root to the aerial parts, thus enhanced the Cu-reclamation in metal contaminated soils. Our findings suggest that the application of 10-8 M of IAA maintains the overall growth of plants and may be used as an effective agent to improve growth, photosynthesis and phyto-remediation potential of B. juncea in Cu contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayat Rasool Mir
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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16
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Sánchez-Bermúdez M, del Pozo JC, Pernas M. Effects of Combined Abiotic Stresses Related to Climate Change on Root Growth in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918537. [PMID: 35845642 PMCID: PMC9284278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to crop productivity that negatively affects food security worldwide. Increase in global temperatures are usually accompanied by drought, flooding and changes in soil nutrients composition that dramatically reduced crop yields. Against the backdrop of climate change, human population increase and subsequent rise in food demand, finding new solutions for crop adaptation to environmental stresses is essential. The effects of single abiotic stress on crops have been widely studied, but in the field abiotic stresses tend to occur in combination rather than individually. Physiological, metabolic and molecular responses of crops to combined abiotic stresses seem to be significantly different to individual stresses. Although in recent years an increasing number of studies have addressed the effects of abiotic stress combinations, the information related to the root system response is still scarce. Roots are the underground organs that directly contact with the soil and sense many of these abiotic stresses. Understanding the effects of abiotic stress combinations in the root system would help to find new breeding tools to develop more resilient crops. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of combined abiotic stress in the root system in crops. First, we will provide a general overview of root responses to particular abiotic stresses. Then, we will describe how these root responses are integrated when crops are challenged to the combination of different abiotic stress. We will focus on the main changes on root system architecture (RSA) and physiology influencing crop productivity and yield and convey the latest information on the key molecular, hormonal and genetic regulatory pathways underlying root responses to these combinatorial stresses. Finally, we will discuss possible directions for future research and the main challenges needed to be tackled to translate this knowledge into useful tools to enhance crop tolerance.
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17
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Cackett L, Luginbuehl LH, Schreier TB, Lopez-Juez E, Hibberd JM. Chloroplast development in green plant tissues: the interplay between light, hormone, and transcriptional regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2000-2016. [PMID: 34729790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How chloroplasts develop is therefore relevant to these diverse and fundamental biological processes, but also to attempts at their rational redesign. Light is strictly required for chloroplast formation in all angiosperms and directly regulates the expression of hundreds of chloroplast-related genes. Light also modulates the levels of several hormones including brassinosteriods, cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, which themselves control chloroplast development particularly during early stages of plant development. Transcription factors such as GOLDENLIKE1&2 (GLK1&2), GATA NITRATE-INDUCIBLE CARBON METABOLISM-INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (CGA1) act downstream of both light and phytohormone signalling to regulate chloroplast development. Thus, in green tissues transcription factors, light signalling and hormone signalling form a complex network regulating the transcription of chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes to control the development and number of chloroplasts per cell. We use this conceptual framework to identify points of regulation that could be harnessed to modulate chloroplast abundance and increase photosynthetic efficiency of crops, and to highlight future avenues to overcome gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Leonie H Luginbuehl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Tina B Schreier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Enrique Lopez-Juez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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18
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Yadav V, Gill RA, Arif N, Gill SA, Singh VP, Ramawat N, Zhou W, Tripathi DK, Chauhan DK. Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and nitric oxide are required for calcium-mediated alleviation of copper oxide nanoparticles toxicity in wheat seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2262-2275. [PMID: 34590723 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The action of nanoparticles is increasingly being studied in recent years to minimize their toxic impacts. Besides this, efforts are also being made to minimize their toxicity in crop plants by using various chemicals, i.e. nutrients, donors of signaling molecules, plant hormones, and so on. However, associated alleviatory mechanisms are still not well known. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the toxicity of CuONPs and its mitigation by exogenously applied calcium (Ca). The focus was on whether indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has any role in accomplishing this task. CuONPs declined wheat growth due to increased accumulation of Cu and oxidative stress markers such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and it was also accompanied by a decline in endogenous NO. CuONPs also altered the redox status of ascorbate and glutathione by inhibiting the activity of their regenerating enzymes. This collectively leads to cell death in wheat seedlings. However, exogenous supplementation of Ca mitigated toxic effects of CuONPs by reducing the excess accumulation of Cu, which caused remarkable enhancement in growth, protein contents, photosynthetic pigments, and endogenous NO; altogether protecting wheat roots from cell death. Interestingly, addition of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) further increased CuONPs toxicity even in the presence of Ca, but the addition of IAA rescued this effect of TIBA. These results clearly show that Ca mitigates CuONPs toxicity in wheat seedlings by involving IAA. Further, the results also showed that endogenous NO has a positive and indispensable role in Ca-mediated mitigation of CuONPs toxicity in wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Yadav
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Prayagraj, India
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Namira Arif
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Prayagraj, India
| | - Skhawat Ali Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constitute Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Devendra K Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Prayagraj, India
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19
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Šípošová K, Labancová E, Kučerová D, Kollárová K, Vivodová Z. Effects of Exogenous Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Maize Plants Cultivated in the Presence or Absence of Cadmium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2503. [PMID: 34834862 PMCID: PMC8626039 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are plant hormones that affect plant growth, development, and improve a plant's tolerance to stress. In this study, we found that the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had diverse effects on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) roots treated without/with Cd. IBA caused changes in the growth and morphology of the roots under non-stress conditions; hence, we were able to select two concentrations of IBA (10-11 M as stimulatory and 10-7 M as inhibitory). IBA in stimulatory concentration did not affect the concentration of H2O2 or the activity of antioxidant enzymes while IBA in inhibitory concentration increased only the concentration of H2O2 (40.6%). The application of IBA also affected the concentrations of mineral nutrients. IBA in stimulatory concentration increased the concentration of N, K, Ca, S, and Zn (5.8-14.8%) and in inhibitory concentration decreased concentration of P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (5.5-36.6%). Moreover, IBA in the concentration 10-9 M had the most positive effects on the plants cultivated with Cd. It decreased the concentration of H2O2 (34.3%), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (23.7-36.4%), and increased the concentration of all followed elements, except Mg (5.5-34.1%), when compared to the Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Šípošová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Labancová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Zuzana Vivodová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
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Ahmad P, Raja V, Ashraf M, Wijaya L, Bajguz A, Alyemeni MN. Jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) mitigated Cd-toxicity in chickpea plants through restricted cd uptake and oxidative stress management. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19768. [PMID: 34611203 PMCID: PMC8492619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium stress is one of the chief environmental cues that can substantially reduce plant growth. In the present research, we studied the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) applied individually and/or in combination to chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants exposed to 150 µM cadmium sulphate. Cadmium stress resulted in reduced plant growth and pigment contents. Moreover, chickpea plants under cadmium contamination displayed higher levels of electrolytic leakage, H2O2, and malonaldehyde, as well as lower relative water content. Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA3 (10-6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content. . Osmoprotectants like proline and glycinebetaine increased under cadmium contamination. Additionally, the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels increased markedly under Cd stress, but application of JA as well as of GA3 further improved these attributes. Enzymes pertaining to the ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase systems increased significantly when the chickpea plants were exposed to Cd. However, JA and GA3 applied singly or in combination showed improved enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptake, whereas they reduced the metal accumulation in chickpea plants. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that JA and GA3 are suitable agents for regulating Cd stress resistance in chickpea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia ,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Vaseem Raja
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government Degree College for Women, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir 192301 India
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- grid.413016.10000 0004 0607 1563University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- grid.25588.320000 0004 0620 6106Department of Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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21
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Su L, Xie Y, He Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X. Network response of two cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars to Cadmium stress as revealed by transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112473. [PMID: 34224970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination severely threatens human health. Therefore, screening and breeding low-Cd absorption cultivars of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is essential to restrict human Cd intake. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to perform a comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaves of two cherry tomato cultivars with different Cd contents under different Cd stress (0, 10, and 50 μM), for the purpose of exploring the differences in the transcriptional responses to Cd stress between the two cultivars. Our results revealed that the Cd content in the leaves of HLZ (Hanluzhe; a low-Cd accumulation cultivar) was significantly lower than that in the leaves of LFC (Lvfeicui; a high-Cd accumulation cultivar). Transcriptome analysis showed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, antioxidant enzymes, cell wall biosynthesis, and metal transportation. In the LFC leaves, DEGs in the IAA signal transduction and antioxidant enzymes exhibited higher transcription levels. However, the DEGs in the ETH signal transduction demonstrated a lower transcription level compared to that of HLZ. Over-expressed genes in the pectin biosynthesis and pectin methylesterase (PME) of the LFC leaves might result in the trapping of Cd by increased levels of low-methylated pectin around the cell wall. Furthermore, Cd transporter genes, such as HMA5, NRAMP6, CAX3, ABCC3, and PDR1, were up-regulated in the HLZ leaves, indicating that the HLZ cultivar comprised an active Cd transport capacity from apoplast to vacuolar. This may contribute to the low Cd concentration observed in the HLZ leaves. Overall, our study provides a molecular basis for tomato screening and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqun He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Chen H, Qin Y, Pu J, Hu J, Wen Y. Phytotoxicity of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop: Cross-talk between nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and phytohormones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147866. [PMID: 34134377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phytohormones in plants often initiate responses to sources of abiotic stress. However, we have a poor understanding of the cross-talk between NO, ROS, and phytohormones during exogenous chiral auxin-induced phytotoxicity. In this study, the toxicity of the chiral synthetic auxin herbicide dichlorprop (DCPP) to Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as the mutual regulation of NO, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-), and phytohormones at the enantiomeric level was investigated. The ROS production exhibited an enantioselective manner, further, that was positively correlated with the change of the morphological indicators. This confirmed that ROS played an important role in the enantioselective effect of DCPP. The distribution of ROS and NO was partially overlapped, indicating that the production of NO may be affected by ROS, and also related to the degree of plant damage. In terms of phytohormones, the level of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in the whole plant increased as the (R)-DCPP concentration applied increased, however, the trend has changed, when the data of leaves and roots was discussed separately. The results revealed that the redistribution of phytohormones may exist between leaves and roots, caused by the joint action of ROS and NO. The differences in the biological activity identified between the two enantiomers in this study enhance our understanding of the toxicity mechanism of exogenous auxin via their effects on phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China
| | - Yongxiang Qin
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China
| | - Jiawei Pu
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang J, Wang D, Zhu M, Li F. Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680376. [PMID: 34539688 PMCID: PMC8446516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) regulates plant growth and prevents the negative consequences of various forms of abiotic stress, including waterlogging in crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 6-BA on the growth, oxidative stress, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system in the inbred SY-MY13 (waterlogging-resistant) and SY-XT1 (waterlogging-sensitive) seedlings of waxy corn in conditions of waterlogging stress. The results demonstrated that waterlogging stress causes chlorosis and necrosis in waxy corn leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces oxidative stress and, in turn, reduces membrane lipid peroxidation and the disruption of membrane homeostasis. This is specifically manifested in the increased concentrations of superoxide anion radicals ( O 2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition to increased relative electrical conductivity (REC%) values. The SY-MY13 strain exhibited growth superior to that of SY-XT1 when waterlogged due to its excellent waterlogging resistance. Thus, exogenous 6-BA was found to be effective in enhancing the growth of plants stressed by waterlogging in terms of the weight of the shoots and roots, shoot height, and leaf area. In addition to this, exogenous 6-BA also reduced the accumulation of O 2 - , H2O2, and MDA, increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity, and enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration through the regulation of the efficiency of the AsA-GSH cycle system in maize plants. Hence, the application of exogenous 6-BA can alleviate waterlogging-induced damage and improve waterlogging tolerance in waxy corn via the activation of the AsA-GSH cycle system and the elimination of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daye Wang
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- College of Agronomy, Specialty Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Ashraf M, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Ahmad P. Methyl Jasmonate and Sodium Nitroprusside Jointly Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plants by Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism, Cadmium Detoxification, and AsA-GSH Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:654780. [PMID: 34421936 PMCID: PMC8374870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.654780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The principal intent of the investigation was to examine the influence of joint application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 10 μM) and a nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM) to wheat plants grown under cadmium (Cd as CdCl2, 100 μM) stress. Cd stress suppressed plant growth, chlorophylls (Chl), and PSII maximum efficiency (F v /F m ), but it elevated leaf and root Cd, and contents of leaf proline, phytochelatins, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the activity of lipoxygenase. MeJA and SNP applied jointly or singly improved the concentrations of key antioxidant biomolecules, e.g., reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid and the activities of the key oxidative defense system enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase. Exogenously applied MeJA and SNP jointly or singly also improved nitrogen metabolism by activating the activities of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and nitrate and nitrite reductases. Compared with individual application of MeJA or SNP, the combined application of both showed better effect in terms of improving plant growth and key metabolic processes and reducing tissue Cd content, suggesting a putative interactive role of both compounds in alleviating Cd toxicity in wheat plants. MAIN FINDINGS The main findings are that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide-donor sodium nitroprusside alleviated the cadmium (Cd)-induced adverse effects on growth of wheat plants grown under Cd by modulating key physiological processes and up-regulating enzymatic antioxidants and the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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25
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Touzout N, Mehallah H, Moralent R, Moulay M, Nemmiche S. Phytotoxic evaluation of neonicotinoid imidacloprid and cadmium alone and in combination on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1126-1137. [PMID: 34085160 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids and heavy metals pollution exist simultaneously in agro ecosystem. However, little is known about their combined ecotoxicological effects on non-target crop plants. We have selected imidacloprid (IMI) and cadmium (Cd), applied alone and in combination, to evaluate their effect on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of tomato. Results showed that the single application of contaminants (IMI and/or Cd) adversely affected both the growth and chlorophyll pigment, and Cd alone application was more phytotoxic than IMI. However, their combined action aggravated the inhibitory effect and indicate a synergistic effect, but it exerted antagonistic effects on chlorophyll pigment inhibition compared with IMI and Cd alone treatments. Both chemicals increased hydrogen peroxide level and generated lipid peroxidation, and the co-contamination exacerbates oxidative stress by their synergistic effect. Those results implicate that disturbance of cellular redox status is the plausible mechanism for IMI and Cd induced toxicity. In conclusion, the single or combined IMI and Cd cause negative effects on tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Touzout
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Hafidha Mehallah
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Radia Moralent
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
- Stem Cells Research Group, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saïd Nemmiche
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria.
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26
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Priming Strategies for Benefiting Plant Performance under Toxic Trace Metal Exposure. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040623. [PMID: 33805922 PMCID: PMC8064369 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Combating environmental stress related to the presence of toxic elements is one of the most important challenges in plant production. The majority of plant species suffer from developmental abnormalities caused by an exposure to toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids, mainly Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, defense mechanisms are activated with diverse intensity and efficiency. Enhancement of defense potential can be achieved though exogenously applied treatments, resulting in a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, I present several already recognized as well as novel methods of the priming process called priming, resulting in the so-called “primed state” of the plant organism. Primed plants have a higher capability of surviving and developing under stress, and become, at least temporarily, tolerant to stress factors. In this review, several already recognized as well as novel methods of priming plants towards tolerance to metallic stress are discussed, with attention paid to similarities in priming mechanisms activated by the most versatile priming agents. This knowledge could contribute to the development of priming mixtures to counteract negative effects of multi-metallic and multi-abiotic stresses. Presentation of mechanisms is complemented with information on the genes regulated by priming towards metallic stress tolerance. Novel compounds and techniques that can be exploited in priming experiments are also summarized.
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27
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Alamri S, Siddiqui MH, Kushwaha BK, Singh VP, Ali HM. Mitigation of arsenate toxicity by indole-3-acetic acid in brinjal roots: Plausible association with endogenous hydrogen peroxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124336. [PMID: 33153795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) crosstalk in regulating metal stress is still less known. Herein, role of IAA in alleviating arsenate (AsV) toxicity in brinjal seedlings along with its probable relation with endogenous H2O2 was investigated. Arsenate hampered root growth due to greater accumulation of As and decrease in phosphorus uptake that resulted into inhibited photosynthesis and cell death. Further, AsV induced oxidative stress markers and damage to macromolecules (lipids and proteins) due to alterations in redox status of glutathione as a result of inhibition in activity of glutathione synthetase and glutathione reductase. However, application of IAA with AsV improved root growth by significantly declining As accumulation and oxidative stress markers, sequestrating As into vacuoles, and improving redox status of glutathione which collectively protected roots from cell death. Interestingly, addition of diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) further increased AsV toxicity even in the presence of IAA. However, application of H2O2 rescued negative effect of DPI. Overall, the results suggested that in IAA-mediated mitigation of AsV toxicity in brinjal roots, endogenous H2O2 might have acted as a downstream signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Abbas S, Javed MT, Ali Q, Akram MS, Tanwir K, Ali S, Chaudhary HJ, Iqbal N. Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:297-312. [PMID: 33707870 PMCID: PMC7907289 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54% and 37% less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Akram
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M. Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:11-41. [PMID: 32990920 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant bioregulators play an important role in managing oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Utilizing their ability in stress sensitive crops through genetic engineering will be a meaningful approach to manage food production under the threat of climate change. Exploitation of the plant defense system against oxidative stress to engineer tolerant plants in the climate change scenario is a sustainable and meaningful strategy. Plant bioregulators (PBRs), which are important biotic factors, are known to play a vital role not only in the development of plants, but also in inducing tolerance in plants against various environmental extremes. These bioregulators include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, polyamines, strigolactones, and ascorbic acid and provide protection against the oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species through modulation or activation of a plant's antioxidant system. Therefore, exploitation of their functioning and accumulation is of considerable significance for the development of plants more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions in order to tackle the issue of food security under the threat of climate change. Therefore, this review summarizes a new line of evidence that how PBRs act as inducers of oxidative stress resistance in plants and how they could be modulated in transgenic crops via introgression of genes. Reactive oxygen species production during oxidative stress events and their neutralization through an efficient antioxidants system is comprehensively detailed. Further, the use of exogenously applied PBRs in the induction of oxidative stress resistance is discussed. Recent advances in engineering transgenic plants with modified PBR gene expression to exploit the plant defense system against oxidative stress are discussed from an agricultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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30
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Lin YJ, Feng YX, Li YH, Yu G, Yu XZ. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the impact of plant growth regulators on the root phenotype traits of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:182-189. [PMID: 33160825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a novel strategy for allay of the adverse effects caused by biotic/abiotic stresses. However, no studies have vividly executed mathematic evaluation for the assessment of various PGRs on root phenotype traits (RPTs) against pollutants. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine responses of RPTs under SCN- (0, 24, 96, and 300 mg SCN/L) stress in the presence of PGRs such as jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in rice plants. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation was applied to determine the outcome of the effects of various PGRs on the RPTs under SCN- exposure. Root scanning results indicated that exogenous IAA and NaHS has the greater potential for improving the RPTs of rice seedlings under SCN- stress, while JA failed to uplift the RPTs in response to SCN- stress. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation indicated that in control plants (without SCN-), the effect of three PGRs applied on the RPTs is as follows: NaHS > IAA > JA. At 24 mg SCN/L, NaHS and IAA had consistent actuate in regulating RPTs of rice seedlings, while all PGRs amended have an affirmative impact on RPTs at 96 and 300 mg SCN/L. The present research highlights the utilization of contemporary mathematic method to screen the superior species of PGRs through the RPTs test of plants under pollutant belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Shahid M, Javed MT, Tanwir K, Akram MS, Tazeen SK, Saleem MH, Masood S, Mujtaba S, Chaudhary HJ. Plant growth-promoting Bacillus sp. strain SDA-4 confers Cd tolerance by physio-biochemical improvements, better nutrient acquisition and diminished Cd uptake in Spinacia oleracea L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2417-2433. [PMID: 33424156 PMCID: PMC7772128 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic metal for plant metabolic processes even in low concentration due to its longer half-life and non-biodegradable nature. The current study was designed to assess the bioremediation potential of a Cd-tolerant phytobeneficial bacterial strain Bacillus sp. SDA-4, isolated, characterized and identified from Chakera wastewater reservoir, Faisalabad, Pakistan, together with spinach (as a test plant) under different Cd regimes. Spinach plants were grown with and without Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation in pots filled with 0, 5 or 10 mg kg-1 CdCl2-spiked soil. Without Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation, spinach plants exhibited reduction in biomass accumulation, antioxidative enzymes and nutrient retention. However, plants inoculated with Bacillus sp. SDA-4 revealed significantly augmented growth, biomass accumulation and efficiency of antioxidative machinery with concomitant reduction in proline and MDA contents under Cd stress. Furthermore, application of Bacillus sp. SDA-4 assisted the Cd-stressed plants to sustain optimal levels of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). It was inferred that the characterized Cd-tolerant PGPR strain, Bacillus sp. SDA-4 has a potential to reduce Cd uptake and lipid peroxidation which in turn maintained the optimum balance of nutrients and augmented the growth of Cd-stressed spinach. Analysis of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) revealed that Bacillus sp. SDA-4 inoculation with spinach sequestered Cd in rhizospheric zone. Research outcomes are important for understanding morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of spinach-Bacillus sp. SDA-4 synergy which might provide efficient strategies to decrease Cd retention in edible plants and/or bioremediation of Cd polluted soil colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Kashif Tanwir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Syeda Khola Tazeen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Core in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Sajid Masood
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Pakarab Fertilizer, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mujtaba
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Hassan Javed Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
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Salazar-Iribe A, De-la-Peña C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1595-1608. [PMID: 32960306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Salazar-Iribe
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Alamri S, Kushwaha BK, Singh VP, Siddiqui MH. Dose dependent differential effects of toxic metal cadmium in tomato roots: Role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110978. [PMID: 32678757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to elucidate mechanism(s) that are associated with differential effects of low (5 μM) and high (25 μM) dose of cadmium (Cd) stress in tomato. Furthermore, emphasis has also been focused on any involvement of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in differential behaviour of low and high doses of Cd stress. At low dose of Cd, root growth i.e. root fresh weight, length and fitness did not significantly alter when compared to the control seedlings. Though at low dose of Cd, cellular accumulation of Cd was slightly increased but this was accompanied by higher endogenous H2S and phytochelatins, L-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES) activity, activities of glutathione biosynthetic and AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, and maintained redox status of ascorbate and glutathione. However, addition of hypotaurine (HT, a scavenger of H2S) resulted in greater toxicity, even at low dose of Cd, and these responses resembled with higher dose of Cd stress such as greater decline in root growth, endogenous H2S and phytochelatins, activities of DES, glutathione biosynthesis and AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, disturbed redox status of ascorbate and glutathione which collectively led to higher oxidative stress in tomato roots. Moreover, addition of HT with higher dose of Cd also further enhanced its toxicity. Collectively, the results showed that differential behaviour of low and high dose of Cd stress is mediated by differential regulation of biochemical attributes in which endogenous H2S has a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Demecsová L, Zelinová V, Liptáková Ľ, Valentovičová K, Tamás L. Indole-3-butyric acid priming reduced cadmium toxicity in barley root tip via NO generation and enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity. PLANTA 2020; 252:46. [PMID: 32885283 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of GPX and enhanced NO level play a key role in IBA-mediated enhanced Cd tolerance in young barley roots. Application of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or an IAA precursor improves the tolerance of plants to heavy metals. However, the physiology of these tolerance mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the priming effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), an IAA precursor, on mild and severe cadmium (Cd) stress-induced responses in roots of young barley seedlings. IBA, similarly to mild Cd stress, significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the apexes of barley roots, which remained elevated after the IBA pretreatment as well. IBA pretreatment-evoked high nitric oxide generation in roots effectively reduced the high superoxide level under the severe Cd stress, leading to less toxic peroxynitrite accumulation accompanied by markedly reduced Cd-induced cell death. On the other hand, the IBA-evoked changes in IAA homeostasis resulted in root growth reorientation from longitudinal elongation to radial swelling. However, the application of an IAA signaling inhibitor, following the activation of defense responses by IBA, was able to promote root growth even at high concentrations of Cd. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the application of IBA, as an effective activator of Cd tolerance mechanisms in young barley roots, and the subsequent use of an IAA signaling inhibitor for the inhibition of root morphogenic responses induced by altered auxin metabolism, results in a high degree of root Cd tolerance, helping it to withstand even the transient exposure to lethal Cd concentration without the absolute inhibition of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Demecsová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Zelinová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubica Liptáková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Valentovičová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Tamás
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Zhou J, Cheng K, Huang G, Chen G, Zhou S, Huang Y, Zhang J, Duan H, Fan H. Effects of exogenous 3-indoleacetic acid and cadmium stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:109998. [PMID: 31796252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is a plant growth regulator that plays an important role in plant growth and development, and participates in the regulation of abiotic stress. To explore the effect of IAA on cadmium toxicity in Cinnamomum camphora, an indoor potted experiment was conducted with one-year-old C. camphora seedlings. The influence of IAA on cadmium accumulation, net photosynthetic rates, respiration, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), osmoregulatory substances (proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein) and the malondialdehyde content in C. camphora leaves treated with 30 mg kg-1 cadmium was analysed with or without the addition of 10 mg kg-1 IAA. Cadmium accumulation in the leaves of C. camphora with the addition of exogenous IAA was significantly higher than accumulation during cadmium stress without additional IAA (ca 69.10% after 60 days' incubation). During the culture period, the net photosynthetic rate in C. camphora leaves subjected to cadmium stress without the addition of IAA was up to 24.31% lower than that of control plants. The net photosynthetic rate in C. camphora leaves subjected to cadmium stress and addition of IAA was up to 30.31% higher than that of leaves subjected to cadmium stress without the addition of IAA. Chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in the cadmium-stressed leaves without the addition of IAA were lower than those in the control treatment. The presence of IAA increased the chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents relative to the cadmium stress without the addition of IAA. The respiration rate and concentrations of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde in C. camphora leaves subjected to cadmium stress without the addition of IAA were higher than those in the control. The addition of IAA reduced the respiration rate, and the concentrations of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde in C. camphora leaves when compared with the cadmium stress without the addition of IAA. These results indicate that exogenous IAA improves photosynthetic performance and the growth environment of C. camphora by enhancing the net photosynthetic rate, increasing concentrations of osmoregulatory substances, removing reactive oxygen radicals and eliminating potential damage, thereby reducing the toxic effects of cadmium on C. camphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China; Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Guomin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Shoubiao Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Honglang Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
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Ran J, Zheng W, Wang H, Wang H, Li Q. Indole-3-acetic acid promotes cadmium (Cd) accumulation in a Cd hyperaccumulator and a non-hyperaccumulator by different physiological responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110213. [PMID: 31978764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and the physiological responses of the Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum and non-hyperaccumulator Solanum melongena, a pot experiment was conducted in soil containing 2 mg kg-1 Cd in which different concentrations of IAA (0, 10, 20, or 40 mg L-1) were sprayed on plant leaves. The results showed that Cd accumulation in shoots of S. nigrum was significantly increased by 30% after the addition of 10 mg L-1 IAA under 2 mg kg-1 Cd stress compared to that in the control, but shoot Cd accumulation showed no significant change in S. melongena after this IAA treatment. Additionally, the growth and the proline content in the two species were significantly increased by 20 mg L-1 IAA. The activities of peroxidase and catalase in leaves of S. nigrum and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in S. melongena were significantly increased and their malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased compared to those in the control. The root activity of S. nigrum was significantly improved after 10 and 20 mg L-1 IAA treatments, but no significant difference was observed in S. melongena. The correlation analysis results showed that the Cd concentration in leaves of S. nigrum was significantly and positively correlated with the carotenoid and proline contents, and there was also a significant positive correlation between the Cd concentration and SOD activity in leaves of S. melongena. Therefore, S. nigrum is an ideal plant for the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil assisted by IAA. IAA promotes Cd accumulation in plant shoots by enhancing the accumulation of carotenoids and proline in S. nigrum and maintaining a high leaf SOD activity in S. melongena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakang Ran
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Wen Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qinchun Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Zhang C, He Q, Wang M, Gao X, Chen J, Shen C. Exogenous indole acetic acid alleviates Cd toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110090. [PMID: 31874405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, restrains the growth and development of plants and threatens global food safety. Many studies on the alleviation of heavy metal toxicity by exogenous phytohormones have emerged, but reports on tea (Camellia sinensis) are still scarce. In this study, the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) (2 μM and 10 μM) on Cd uptake and on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the 'Xiangfeicui' tea cultivar were investigated for the first time. The order of Cd accumulation in tea seedlings was root > stem > mature leaf > tender leaf. Under Cd stress (30 mg kg-1), photosynthetic pigment levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, root vigor, root IAA content, and the levels of most metabolites (including caffeine, soluble sugar, total amino acids, some amino acid components, and most catechins) were significantly reduced, while levels of malondialdehyde, proline, epicatechin, and some amino acids increased. We therefore propose that by reducing Cd accumulation, exogenous IAA can lessen the adverse effects of Cd on the physiology and biochemistry of tea seedlings, promoting the growth of healthier tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xizhi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Chengwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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