1
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Tai Y, Huang B, Guo PP, Wang Z, Zhou ZW, Wang MM, Sun HF, Hu Y, Xu SL, Zhang LL, Wang QT, Wei W. TNF-α impairs EP4 signaling through the association of TRAF2-GRK2 in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:401-416. [PMID: 33859345 PMCID: PMC8791952 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that chronic treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased cAMP concentration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In this study we investigated how TNF-α impairs cAMP homeostasis, particularly clarifying the potential downstream molecules of TNF-α and prostaglandin receptor 4 (EP4) signaling that would interact with each other. Using a cAMP FRET biosensor PM-ICUE3, we demonstrated that TNF-α (20 ng/mL) blocked ONO-4819-triggered EP4 signaling, but not Butaprost-triggered EP2 signaling in normal rat FLSs. We showed that TNF-α (0.02-20 ng/mL) dose-dependently reduced EP4 membrane distribution in normal rat FLS. TNF-α significantly increased TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression and stimulated proliferation in human FLS (hFLS) via ecruiting TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) to cell membrane. More interestingly, we revealed that TRAF2 interacted with G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) in the cytoplasm of primary hFLS and helped to bring GRK2 to cell membrane in response of TNF-α stimulation, the complex of TRAF2 and GRK2 then separated on the membrane, and translocated GRK2 induced the desensitization and internalization of EP4, leading to reduced production of intracellular cAMP. Silencing of TRAF2 by siRNA substantially diminished TRAF2-GRK2 interaction, blocked the translocation of GRK2, and resulted in upregulated expression of membrane EP4 and intracellular cAMP. In CIA rats, administration of paroxetine to inhibit GRK2 effectively improved the symptoms and clinic parameters with significantly reduced joint synovium inflammation and bone destruction. These results elucidate a novel form of cross-talk between TNFR (a cytokine receptor) and EP4 (a typical G protein-coupled receptor) signaling pathways. The interaction between TRAF2 and GRK2 may become a potential new drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tai
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Bei Huang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China ,Department of Pharmacy, Maanshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Maanshan, 243000 China
| | - Pai-pai Guo
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zheng-wei Zhou
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Man-man Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Han-fei Sun
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yong Hu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Sheng-lin Xu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Ling-ling Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Qing-tong Wang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032 China
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2
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Zhang YY, Yao YD, Luo JF, Liu ZQ, Huang YM, Wu FC, Sun QH, Liu JX, Zhou H. Microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase-1 and its inhibitors: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105977. [PMID: 34798265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely linked to the abnormal phospholipid metabolism chain of cyclooxygenase-2/microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2). In clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as upstream COX-2 enzyme activity inhibitors are widely used to block COX-2 cascade to relieve inflammatory response. However, NSAIDs could also cause cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects due to its inhibition on other prostaglandins generation. To avoid this, targeting downstream mPGES-1 instead of upstream COX is preferable to selectively block overexpressed PGE2 in inflammatory diseases. Some mPGES-1 inhibitor candidates including synthetic compounds, natural products and existing anti-inflammatory drugs have been proved to be effective in in vitro experiments. After 20 years of in-depth research on mPGES-1 and its inhibitors, ISC 27864 have completed phase II clinical trial. In this review, we intend to summarize mPGES-1 inhibitors focused on their inhibitory specificity with perspectives for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Luo
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Huang
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fei-Chi Wu
- Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Qin-Hua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province 418000, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
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3
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Tanideh N, Borzooeian G, Lotfi M, Sani M, Irajie C, Ghaemmaghami P, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Tanideh R, Hashempour Sadeghian M, Borzooeian Z, Iraji A. Novel strategy of cartilage repairing via application of P. atlantica with stem cells and collagen. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1405-1421. [PMID: 34152615 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint condition, still lacking effective treatments. Some factors consider as the main causes of OA, including biochemical, mechanical, and genetic factors. The growth of studies confirmed that modern medicine in combination with folk medicine regarding the arrival of reliable, efficient, and safe therapeutic products against OA. In the present study, the effects of various single and combinatorial treatments of knee articular cartilage, including stem cells, collagen, and P. atlantica hydroalcoholic leaves extract were investigated in a rat-induced OA model. On week 12 after OA confirmation, histopathology and radiography assessments were evaluated and the serum and synovial fluid levels of TAC, TNF-α, PEG2, MPO, MMP3, MMP13, and MDA were also measured. Combination therapy of OA-induced rats with hydroalcoholic extract of P. atlantic leaves, stem cells, and collagen considerably increased the efficacy of treatment as evidenced by increasing the TAC and lowering TNF-α, MPO, MMP3, and MMP13 compared to control group and even groups received single therapy. This is in agreement with a high amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. atlantic leaves. It is concluded that multifunctional agents targeting the pathophysiology of OA has exhibited significant therapeutic effects against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Giti Borzooeian
- Department of Biology, Payam Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvin Ghaemmaghami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Tanideh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Borzooeian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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4
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yao X. Increased Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids After Treatment of Iodide Intake Adjustment and 1,25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D 3 Supplementation in High Iodide Intake-Induced Hypothyroid Offspring Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669652. [PMID: 34381374 PMCID: PMC8352438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of fatty acids in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism and its complications and also in the intervention of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] supplementation. Methods: Pregnant rats were allocated to two groups, namely, normal iodide (NI, 7.5 μg/day) intake and 100 times higher-than-normal iodide (100 HI, 750 μg/day) intake. The offspring were continuously administered potassium iodide from weaning [i.e., postnatal day 21 (PN21)] to PN90. After PN90, the offspring were either administered iodide intake adjustment (7.5 μg/day) or 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation (5 μg·kg-1·day-1), or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid function tests (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody), blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and vitamin D3 (VD3) levels were detected by ELISA. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. The serum fatty acids profile was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: In the offspring rats with continued 100 HI administration, the levels of 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (8,9-DHET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were decreased, while those of prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), 4-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), 7-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, and 20-HDoHE were increased. Significant correlations were found between PGB2, 8,9-DHET, 7-HDoHE levels and thyroid dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE, PGB2, 8,9-DHET levels and cardiac dysfunction, between PGJ2, 20-HDoHE levels and hypertension, between 4-HDoHE, 8-HDoHE, TXB2 levels and dyslipidemia, and between PGB2 and decreased VD3 level. After the treatment of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, the levels of 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (16-HETE), 18-HETE, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET), 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, PGE2, 5-oxo-ETE, and 15-oxo-ETE were increased. The significant associations between PGE2, 16-HETE, 18-HETE and improved thyroid function and also between 5,6-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, 16-HETE, 15-oxo-ETE and attenuated dyslipidemia were detected. Conclusion: Increased levels of prostaglandins (PGs) and HDoHEs and decreased levels of 8,9-DHET and TXB2 might occur in the progression of cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in high iodide intake-induced hypothyroidism. The increased levels of EETs and HETEs might help to ameliorate these complications after iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Rathinavel T, Ammashi S, Shanmugam G. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lupeol isolated from Indian traditional medicinal plant Crateva adansonii screened through in vivo and in silico approaches. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:62. [PMID: 33945040 PMCID: PMC8096876 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Lupeol, a triterpene bioactive compound isolated from Indian traditional plant Crateva adansonii acted as promising and alternative anti-inflammatory agent to treatments of diseases related to inflammation. The inflammatory process in the body serves an important function in the control and repair of injury. However, it is self-perpetuating in number of disease conditions, which must be prevented and treated. Worldwide most prescribing NASID drug shows severe side effects. Whereas drug from natural origin shows dual inhibition of inflammatory and analgesic target protein with more efficacy and less side effects than NSAID drugs. Our study aims to isolate and screen the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from leaf extract of Crateva adansonii belongs to Capparaceae family commonly used Indian traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases. Results Methanol and chloroform leaf extracts (ME and CE) and lupeol fraction (LF) of plant Crateva adansonii is investigated through employing in vivo male Wistar albino rat model. Acute toxicity study of C. adansonii ME and CE leaf extracts reveals that no mortality and no behavioral changes in experimental animals up to 2 g/kg. So no lethal dose we consider two optimal doses 200 and 400 mg of plant leaf extracts for in vivo inflammatory and analgesic study. In vivo acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity was carried out through carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) of Crateva adansonii evoked highest percentage of inflammation inhibition (50 and 33.96% respectively) in both in vivo acute and chronic inflammation model among all tested samples (ME and CE 200 mg and 400 mg/kg, oral route) including reference standard (10 mg/kg, oral route) indomethacin. Carrageenan-challenged experimental animals were screened for one inflammatory marker enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory products such as Prostaglandrin E2 (PGE2), and eight different cytokines markers (TNFα, IL-6, IFN γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, Rantes, and MIP) associated with inflammation reveals that LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) of Crateva adansonii shows prominent anti-inflammatory activity than reference standard indomethacin (10 mg/kg, oral route) over all these biological tested parameters. In vivo analgesic assays such as hot plate assay and acetic acid-induced writhing assay revealed that LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) possesses significant analgesic activity (11.60 s and 69.05%) when compared with standard drug pentazocine(10 mg/kg, oral route). Finally, we made an in silico screening of lupeol against analgesic (nAChR) and anti-inflammatory (COX-2) target proteins reveals that lupeol possess highest binding affinity with nAChR and COX-2 target proteins (− 8.5 and − 9.0 Kcal/mol) over the reference standard pentazocine and indomethacin (− 7.0 and − 8.4 Kcal/mol) respectively. Conclusion The present study result provides a pharmacological evidences for analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of lupeol isolated from Indian traditional plant Crateva adansonii act as a multi-target agent with immense anti-inflammatory potential targeting key molecules of inflammation such as MPO, PGE2, and eight pro-inflammatory cytokine markers. Outcome of present study is to find promising anti-inflammatory bioactive agents from the cheapest Indian traditional medicinal plant sources useful for pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subramanian Ammashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 005, India
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Dalvin S, Eichner C, Dondrup M, Øvergård AC. Roles of three putative salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) prostaglandin E 2 synthases in physiology and host-parasite interactions. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:206. [PMID: 33874988 PMCID: PMC8056522 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a parasite of salmonid fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exhibit only a limited and ineffective immune response when infested with this parasite. Prostaglandins (PGs) have many biological functions in both invertebrates and vertebrates, one of which is the regulation of immune responses. This has led to the suggestion that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is important in the salmon louse host-parasite interaction, although studies of a salmon louse prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGES) 2 gene have not enabled conformation of this hypothesis. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to characterize two additional PGES-like genes. METHODS Lepeophtheirus salmonis microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 like (LsMGST1L) and LsPGES3L were investigated by sequencing, phylogenetics, transcript localization and expression studies. Moreover, the function of these putative PGES genes in addition to the previously identified LsPGES2 gene was analyzed in double stranded (ds) RNA-mediated knockdown (KD) salmon louse. RESULTS Analysis of the three putative LsPGES genes showed a rather constitutive transcript level throughout development from nauplius to the adult stages, and in a range of tissues, with the highest levels in the ovaries or gut. DsRNA-mediated KD of these transcripts did not produce any characteristic changes in phenotype, and KD animals displayed a normal reproductive output. The ability of the parasite to infect or modulate the immune response of the host fish was also not affected by KD. CONCLUSIONS Salmon louse prostaglandins may play endogenous roles in the management of reproduction and oxidative stress and may be a product of salmon louse blood digestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sussie Dalvin
- Institute of Marine Research, SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, Nordnes, P. box 1870, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christiane Eichner
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, P. box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Dondrup
- Department of Informatics, SLRC-Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, P. box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aina-Cathrine Øvergård
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLCR-Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, P. box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
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Suto K, Fukuda D, Shinohara M, Ganbaatar B, Yagi S, Kusunose K, Yamada H, Soeki T, Hirata KI, Sata M. Pemafibrate, A Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator, Reduces Plasma Eicosanoid Levels and Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1349-1360. [PMID: 33775978 PMCID: PMC8629704 DOI: 10.5551/jat.61101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
Various pathological processes related to diabetes cause endothelial dysfunction. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have roles in vascular regulation. Fibrates have recently been shown to attenuate vascular complications in diabetics. Here we examined the effects of pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, on plasma eicosanoid levels and endothelial function in diabetic mice.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in 7-week-old male wild-type mice by a single injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). Pemafibrate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 3 weeks. Untreated mice received vehicle. Circulating levels of eicosanoids and free fatty acids were measured using both gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were analyzed.
Results:
Pemafibrate reduced both triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (
P
<0.01), without affecting body weight. It also decreased circulating levels of AA (
P
<0.001), thromboxane B
2
(
P
<0.001), prostaglandin E
2
, leukotriene B
4
(
P
<0.05), and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (
P
<0.001), all of which were elevated by the induction of diabetes. In contrast, the plasma levels of 15-deoxy-Δ
12,14
-prostaglandin J
2
, which declined following diabetes induction, remained unaffected by pemafibrate treatment. In diabetic mice, pemafibrate decreased palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid concentrations (
P
<0.05). Diabetes induction impaired endothelial function, whereas pemafibrate ameliorated it (
P
<0.001). The results of ex vivo experiments indicated that eicosanoids or PA impaired endothelial function.
Conclusion:
Pemafibrate diminished the levels of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids and free fatty acids accompanied by a reduction of triglyceride. These effects may be associated with the improvement of endothelial function by pemafibrate in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Suto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.,Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Byambasuren Ganbaatar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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8
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Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators and the Lymphatic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052750. [PMID: 33803130 PMCID: PMC7963193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished lymphatic function and abnormal morphology are common in chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies are investigating whether it is possible to target chronic inflammation by promoting resolution of inflammation, in order to enhance lymphatic function and attenuate disease. Resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated by bioactive lipids known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs can modulate leukocyte migration and function, alter cytokine/chemokine release, modify autophagy, among other immune-related activities. Here, we summarize the role of the lymphatics in resolution of inflammation and lymphatic impairment in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the current literature describing the connection between SPMs and the lymphatics, and the possibility of targeting the lymphatics with innovative SPM therapy to promote resolution of inflammation and mitigate disease.
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9
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Üçal M, Maurer C, Etschmaier V, Hamberger D, Grünbacher G, Tögl L, Roosen MJ, Molcanyi M, Vorholt D, Hatay FF, Hescheler J, Pallasch C, Schäfer U, Patz S. Inflammatory Pre-Conditioning of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Cerebrospinal Fluid from Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Alters the Immunomodulatory Potential of ADSC Secretomes. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2311-2322. [PMID: 33514282 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation by adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is of special interest for the alleviation of damaging inflammatory responses in central nervous system injuries. The present study explored the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients on this immunomodulatory potential of ADSCs. CSF conditioning of ADSCs increased messenger RNA levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes compared to controls. Exposure of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-differentiated THP1 macrophages to the secretome of CSF-conditioned ADSCs downregulated both proinflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and transforming growth factor beta) genes in these cells. Interleukin-10 expression was elevated in both naïve and conditioned secretomes. ADSC secretome treatment, further, induced macrophage maturation of THP1 cells and increased the percentage of CD11b+, CD14+, CD86+, and, to a lesser extent, CD206+ cells. This, moreover, enhanced the phagocytic activity of CD14+ and CD86+ cells, though independently of pre-conditioning. Secretome exposure, finally, also induced a reduction in the percentage of CD192+ adherent cells in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy subjects and TBI patients. This limited efficacy (of both naïve and pre-conditioned secretomes) suggests that the effects of lymphocyte-monocyte paracrine signaling on the fate of cultured PBMCs are strongest upon adherent cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Üçal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christa Maurer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division for Medical Cell Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Hamberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerda Grünbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Tögl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marvin J Roosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marek Molcanyi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Vorholt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, CECAD Centre of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - F Fulya Hatay
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, CECAD Centre of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silke Patz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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10
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Wang Q, Li Y, Wu M, Huang S, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Targeting microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 to develop drugs treating the inflammatory diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:391-419. [PMID: 33527033 PMCID: PMC7847505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) is the terminal synthase of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. Thus, mPGES-1 inhibitors are promising agents for their better specificity in blocking the production of PGE2, a potent inflammatory mediator, compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Currently, two mPGES-1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials and more novel inhibitors are being developed. In this review, we focus on the advances in the development of mPGES-1 inhibitors and the potential of these inhibitors to treat different inflammatory diseases, and discuss the existing challenges. The insights from this review will increase the understanding on the current status of mPGES-1-targeted anti-inflammatory drug development and the potential of these drugs in treating inflammation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityGuangzhou Road #72, Nanjing 210008, China
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11
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Wu X, Zhu D, Tian J, Tang X, Guo H, Ma J, Xu H, Wang S. Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Exosomal Prostaglandin E2 Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Enhancing IL-10 + B Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588500. [PMID: 33329572 PMCID: PMC7734343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of recent studies have shown that granulocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) can secrete exosomes that transport various biologically active molecules with regulatory effects on immune cells. However, their roles in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis remain to be further elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of exosomes from G-MDSCs on the humoral immune response in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice showed lower arthritis index values and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with G-MDSCs exosomes promoted splenic B cells to secrete IL-10 both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, a decrease in the proportion of plasma cells and follicular helper T cells was observed in drainage lymph nodes from G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice. Moreover, lower serum levels of IgG were detected in G-MDSCs exosomes-treated mice, indicating an alteration of the humoral environment. Mechanistic studies showed that exosomal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by G-MDSCs upregulated the phosphorylation levels of GSK-3β and CREB, which play a key role in the production of IL-10+ B cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that G-MDSC exosomal PGE2 attenuates CIA in mice by promoting the generation of IL-10+ Breg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongye Guo
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Wagner KM, Gomes A, McReynolds CB, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Regulation of Lipid Mediators Limits Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:900-916. [PMID: 32875445 PMCID: PMC7609775 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in pain signaling is well established and built on decades of knowledge about the pain and inflammation produced by prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolites of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism, respectively. The analgesic properties of other lipid metabolites are more recently coming to light. Lipid metabolites have been observed to act directly at ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors on nociceptive neurons as well as act indirectly at cellular membranes. Cytochrome P450 metabolism of specifically long-chain fatty acids forms epoxide metabolites, the epoxy-fatty acids (EpFA). The biological role of these metabolites has been found to mediate analgesia in several types of pain pathology. EpFA act through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms to limit pain and inflammation including nuclear receptor agonism, limiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and blocking mitochondrial dysfunction. Small molecule inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase can stabilize the EpFA in vivo, and this approach has demonstrated relief in preclinical modeled pain pathology. Moreover, the ability to block neuroinflammation extends the potential benefit of targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase to maintain EpFA for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
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13
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Piper K, Garelnabi M. Eicosanoids: Atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic health. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2020; 19:100216. [PMID: 32071878 PMCID: PMC7013337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading causes of death in the U.S. for nearly a century. Numerous studies have linked eicosanoids to cardiometabolic disease. Objectives and Methods: This review summaries recent advances and innovative research in eicosanoids and CVD. Numerous review articles and their original human or animal studies were assessed in the relevant and recent studies. OUTCOME We identified and discussed recent trends in eicosanoids known for their roles in CVD. Their subsequent relationships were assessed for any possible implications associated with consumption of different dietary lipids, essentially omega fatty acids. Eicosanoids have been heavily sought after over recent decades for their direct role in mediating the enhancement and resolution of acute immune responses. Given the short half-life of these oxidized lipid metabolites, studies on atherosclerosis have had to rely on the metabolites that are actively involved in eicosanoid production, signaling or redox reactions as markers for atherosclerosis-related molecular behaviors. CONCLUSION Further investigations expending current knowledge, should be applied to narrow the specific class and species of eicosanoids responsible for inciting inflammation especially in the context of recent clinical studies assessing the role of dietary lipid in cardiovascular diseases.
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14
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Bar-Or D, Thomas G, Rael LT, Frederick E, Hausburg M, Bar-Or R, Brody E. On the Mechanisms of Action of the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin in Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 15:189-200. [PMID: 30451114 PMCID: PMC6791032 DOI: 10.2174/1573397114666181119121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has been shown to successfully relieve pain and inflammation in severe osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). LMWF5A contains at least three active components that could account for these antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. We summarize in vitro experiments in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, monocytic cell lines, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and endothelial cells on the biochemistry of anti-inflammatory changes induced by LMWF5A. We then look at four of the major pathways that cut across cell-type considerations to examine which biochemical reactions are affected by mTOR, COX-2, CD36, and AhR pathways. All three components show anti-inflammatory activities in at least some of the cell types. The in vitro experiments show that the effects of LMWF5A in chondrocytes and bone marrow- derived stem cells in particular, coupled with recent data from previous clinical trials of single and multiple injections of LMWF5A into OAK patients demonstrated improvements in pain, function, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA), as well as high responder rates that could be attributed to the multiple mechanism of action (MOA) pathways are summarized here. In vitro and in vivo data are highly suggestive of LMWF5A being a disease-modifying drug for OAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Gregory Thomas
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Leonard T Rael
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States
| | - Elizabeth Frederick
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Melissa Hausburg
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Avenue, Englewood, CO 80113, United States.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 1600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Medical City Plano, 3901 W. 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N. Nevada Avenue, Colorado Springs, CO 80907, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Research Medical Center, 2315 E. Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132, United States.,Trauma Research Department, Wesley Medical Center, 550 N. Hillside Street, Witchita, KS 67214, United States.,Ampio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 373 Inverness Parkway, #200, Englewood, CO 80112, United States
| | - Edward Brody
- SomaLogic, Inc., 2945 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
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15
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Jahan-Abad AJ, Karima S, Shateri S, Baram SM, Rajaei S, Morteza-Zadeh P, Borhani-Haghighi M, Salari AA, Nikzamir A, Gorji A. Serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:84-92. [PMID: 31709666 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the nervous system and dysregulation of serum inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the correlation of serum cytokines and other inflammatory markers with the EAE pathogenesis. After EAE induction, the levels of different serum cytokine/inflammatory mediators were measured. Furthermore, motor functions, myelination, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice were also assessed. Our results revealed that the serum concentrations of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-1α and prostaglandin E2 in EAE mice were significantly higher than controls. The ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines were different between the EAE and the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the IL-6/IL-10 ratio and the EAE severity, demyelination rate, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice. Results indicate that the profiles of serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be useful as biomarkers for monitoring the pathological manifestation of EAE. Furthermore, evaluating the dynamic interplay of serum cytokine levels and the correlation with pathogenic mechanisms of EAE may provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for MS and some other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh M Baram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alnbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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A review on mPGES-1 inhibitors: From preclinical studies to clinical applications. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 147:106383. [PMID: 31698145 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator of inflammation and cancer progression. It is mainly formed via metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases (COX) and the terminal enzyme microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX activity, resulting in decreased PGE2 production and symptomatic relief. However, NSAIDs block the production of many other lipid mediators that have important physiological and resolving actions, and these drugs cause gastrointestinal bleeding and/or increase the risk for severe cardiovascular events. Selective inhibition of downstream mPGES-1 for reduction in only PGE2 biosynthesis is suggested as a safer therapeutic strategy. This review covers the recent advances in characterization of new mPGES-1 inhibitors in preclinical models and their future clinical applications.
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17
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Motta AC, Strassburg K, Oranje P, Vreeken RJ, Jacobs DM. Oxylipin profiling in endothelial cells in vitro - Effects of DHA and hydrocortisone upon an inflammatory challenge. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106352. [PMID: 31260749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have beneficial effects on several inflammatory-driven endpoints such as cardiovascular diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are largely mediated through various oxylipins. Yet, mechanistic insights are limited. Here, we measured 53 oxylipins using LC-MS/MS in an in vitro model of endothelial cell inflammation, and compared the changes induced by DHA to hydrocortisone, a well-established anti-inflammatory drug. DHA modified several oxylipins derived from different precursors such as DHA, AA, LA and EPA. In response to a TNFα and IL-1-β challenge, DHA clearly reduced many COX-derived pro-inflammatory oxylipins, yet to a minor extent when compared to hydrocortisone. DHA also upregulated metabolites from the CYP and LOX pathways as opposed to hydrocortisone. Thus, DHA reduced pro-inflammation and enhanced pro-resolution, while hydrocortisone blunted both the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results may fuel further research on the mitigation of corticosteroids adverse side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Motta
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - K Strassburg
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Oranje
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - R J Vreeken
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Analytical Biosciences, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D M Jacobs
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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18
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Sartim MA, Menaldo DL, Sampaio SV. Immunotherapeutic potential of Crotoxin: anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:39. [PMID: 30564276 PMCID: PMC6296157 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 80 years, Crotoxin has become one of the most investigated isolated toxins from snake venoms, partially due to its major role as the main toxic component in the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. However, in the past decades, progressive studies have led researchers to shift their focus on Crotoxin, opening novel perspectives and applications as a therapeutic approach. Although this toxin acts on a wide variety of biological events, the modulation of immune responses is considered as one of its most relevant behaviors. Therefore, the present review describes the scientific investigations on the capacity of Crotoxin to modulate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses, and its application as a medicinal immunopharmacological approach. In addition, this review will also discuss its mechanisms, involving cellular and molecular pathways, capable of improving pathological alterations related to immune-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Danilo Luccas Menaldo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14040-903 Brazil
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19
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Immunomodulatory properties of captopril, an ACE inhibitor, on LPS-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis as well as oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:639-647. [PMID: 30291490 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on the inflammation process has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the effects of captopril on lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. METHODS Control, LPS, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg captopril-treated before LPS administration and captopril 50 mg/kg before saline administration groups of rats were studied. Total and percentage of differential WBC, the levels of MDA, total thiol groups, the activities of SOD and CAT, the levels of IFN-γ, PGE2, TGF-β1 and IL-4 in the BALF were evaluated. RESULTS MDA concentration in LPS groups treated with all captopril concentrations, total WBC in LPS + Cap50, percent of neutrophils in LPS + Cap25 and LPS + Cap50, levels of IFN-γ, PGE2, TGF-β1 in LPS + Cap50 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in LPS + Cap25 and LPS + Cap50 were significantly decreased but total thiol groups and activity of SOD in LPS + Cap25 and LPS + Cap50, percent of lymphocyte, CAT activity and concentration of IL-4 only in LPS + Cap50 group were increased in comparison to the LPS group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Captopril dose dependently improved oxidant-antioxidant biomarkers, the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and showed specific immunomodulatory effect on Th1/Th2 balance in the BALF of lung injury induced by LPS.
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20
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Yang XY, Li XZ, Zhang SN. Metabolomics analysis of oral mucosa reveals profile perturbation in reticular oral lichen planus. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:28-32. [PMID: 30218656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disorder and potentially oral premalignant lesion affecting the stratified squamous epithelia. In OLP, reticular type is the most common clinical form of the disease. However, little is known about it. Metabolomics analysis may help to investigate the disease pathogenesis and to improve clinical treatment. METHODS Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) system, XCMS software, SIMCA software, and OSI / SMMS software were integrated to identify differentially expressed metabolites for the pathways and pathology analysis. RESULTS Totally, 21 modulated metabolites were identified, whose dysregulations affected 30 metabolic pathways. Through an impact-value screen (impact-value>0.1), 8 pathways were selected as the significantly dysregulated pathways. Pathological network showed that these metabolites participated in 5 pathological processes, that is, inflammatory lesion, DNA damage and repair disorder, apoptosis process, oxidative stress injury, and abnormal energy expenditure. CONCLUSION The study revealed the metabolic perturbation of oral mucosa in reticular OLP, which may provide an important reference for the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the discovery of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yan Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xu-Zhao Li
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Shuai-Nan Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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21
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Nayak S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen G, Zilberg D. Dietary Supplementation With ω6 LC-PUFA-Rich Algae Modulates Zebrafish Immune Function and Improves Resistance to Streptococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1960. [PMID: 30237797 PMCID: PMC6135890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) are omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), which are key precursors for lipid mediators of the immune system and inflammatory response. The microalga Lobosphaera incisa (WT) and its Δ5-desaturase mutant P127 (MUT) are unique photosynthetic sources for ARA and DGLA, respectively. This study explores the effect of dietary supplementation with L. incisa and P127 biomass on tissue fatty acid composition, immune function, and disease resistance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The broken microalgal biomass was added to commercial fish feed at 7.5 and 15% (w/w), providing 21.8 mg/g feed ARA for the WT-supplemented group and 13.6 mg/g feed DGLA for the MUT-supplemented group at the 15% inclusion levels. An unsupplemented group was used as the control. After 1 month of feeding, fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Fish were sampled before the challenge and 1 week after the challenge for various analyses. Tissue ARA and DGLA levels significantly increased in the liver, corresponding to microalgal supplementation levels. The elevated expression of specific immune-related genes was evident in the kidneys in all treatment groups after 1 month of feeding, including genes related to eicosanoid synthesis, lysozyme, and NF-κB. In the liver, microalgal supplementation led to the upregulation of genes related to immune function and antioxidant defense while the expression of examined genes involved in ARA metabolism was downregulated. Importantly, fish fed with 15% of both WT- and MUT-supplemented feed showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival percentages (78 and 68%, respectively, as compared to only 46% in the control group). The elevated expression of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses was evident post-challenge. Collectively, the results of the current study demonstrate the potential of microalgae-derived dietary ARA and DGLA in improving immune competence and resistance to bacterial infection in zebrafish as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Nayak
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, Israel
| | - Dina Zilberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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22
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López-Muñoz RA, Molina-Berríos A, Campos-Estrada C, Abarca-Sanhueza P, Urrutia-Llancaqueo L, Peña-Espinoza M, Maya JD. Inflammatory and Pro-resolving Lipids in Trypanosomatid Infections: A Key to Understanding Parasite Control. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1961. [PMID: 30186271 PMCID: PMC6113562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic trypanosomatids (Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania spp.) are protozoan parasites that cause neglected diseases affecting millions of people in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In the process of infection, trypanosomatids evade and survive the immune system attack, which can lead to a chronic inflammatory state that induces cumulative damage, often killing the host in the long term. The immune mediators involved in this process are not entirely understood. Most of the research on the immunologic control of protozoan infections has been focused on acute inflammation. Nevertheless, when this process is not terminated adequately, permanent damage to the inflamed tissue may ensue. Recently, a second process, called resolution of inflammation, has been proposed to be a pivotal process in the control of parasite burden and establishment of chronic infection. Resolution of inflammation is an active process that promotes the normal function of injured or infected tissues. Several mediators are involved in this process, including eicosanoid-derived lipids, cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10, and other proteins such as Annexin-V. For example, during T. cruzi infection, pro-resolving lipids such as 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 and Resolvin D1 have been associated with a decrease in the inflammatory changes observed in experimental chronic heart disease, reducing inflammation and fibrosis, and increasing host survival. Furthermore, Resolvin D1 modulates the immune response in cells of patients with Chagas disease. In Leishmania spp. infections, pro-resolving mediators such as Annexin-V, lipoxins, and Resolvin D1 are related to the modulation of cutaneous manifestation of the disease. However, these mediators seem to have different roles in visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis. Finally, although T. brucei infections are less well studied in terms of their relationship with inflammation, it has been found that arachidonic acid-derived lipids act as key regulators of the host immune response and parasite burden. Also, cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β may be related to increased infection. Knowledge about the inflammation resolution process is necessary to understand the host–parasite interplay, but it also offers an interesting opportunity to improve the current therapies, aiming to reduce the detrimental state induced by chronic protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina-Berríos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Campos-Estrada
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Abarca-Sanhueza
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Urrutia-Llancaqueo
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan D Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yang W, Wang X, Xu L, Li H, Wang R. LOX inhibitor HOEC interfered arachidonic acid metabolic flux in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2542-2554. [PMID: 30210691 PMCID: PMC6129533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic network generates a variety of products that mediate or modulate inflammatory reactions. (+)-2-(1-hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl) ethyl caffeate (HOEC), isolated from Incarvillea mairei var. granditlora (Wehrhahn) Grierson, was found as an inhibitor of 5-LOX and 15-LOX in vitro. When evaluated in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats, however, lowdose of HOEC (1 mg/kg) showed better efficacy than that of high dose (10 mg/kg). To study how HOEC interfered the AA metabolic pathway, in this study, we dynamically observed the changes of plasma AA metabolites (LTB4, LTC4, 15-HETE, PGE2, TXB2 and PGD2) in the CIA rats treated with different doses of HOEC by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that eicosanoids were elevated synchronously at three time points in different treated rats. The incidence of arthritis had a higher correlation with LOX pathway while the COX pathway might be more important in the severity of arthritis. HOEC in all doses could inhibit LOX pathway in the beginning of arthritis while highdose of HOEC could induce the increase of COX metabolites in the later stage of disease. These dynamic changes of eicosanoids, depending on the regulation of metabolic flux, can be interfered by HOEC and thus affect the output of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237, China
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Guisasola MC, Alonso B, Bravo B, Vaquero J, Chana F. An overview of cytokines and heat shock response in polytraumatized patients. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:483-489. [PMID: 29101529 PMCID: PMC6045557 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early after injury, local tissue damage induces a local and systemic inflammatory response that activates the immune system and leads to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This post-traumatic response often results in uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators and over-activation of the immune system, which occasionally results in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In parallel, a state of immunosuppression develops. This counter-regulating suppression of different cellular and humoral immune functions has been termed "compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS)." Both SIRS and CARS occur simultaneously even in the initial phase after injury. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested to play a major role in development of SIRS, although the degree of involvement of the different cytokines is quite disparate. While TNF-α and IL-1β are quite irrelevant for predicting organ dysfunction, IL-6 is the parameter that best predicts mortality. The hyperinflammatory state seems to be the cause of post-traumatic immunosuppression and heat shock proteins (HSPs), which have been proposed as one of the endogenous stimuli for the deterioration of the immune system acting as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Extracellular HSPA1A released from injured tissues increase up to ten times immediately after trauma and even more in patients with MODS. It has powerful immune properties that could contribute to post-traumatic immunosuppression through several mechanisms that have been previously described, so HSPs could represent trauma-associated immunomodulatory mediators. For this reason, HSPA1A has been suggested to be a helpful early prognostic biomarker of trauma after severe injury: serial quantification of serum HSPA1A and anti-Hsp70 concentrations in the first hours after trauma is proposed to be used as a predictive biomarker of MODS and immunosuppression development in polytraumatized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concepción Guisasola
- Servicio de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Alonso
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bravo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Ctra de Boadilla del Monte km. 5,300 Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Chana
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón”, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Chen IJ, Hee SW, Liao CH, Lin SY, Su L, Shun CT, Chuang LM. Targeting the 15-keto-PGE2-PTGR2 axis modulates systemic inflammation and survival in experimental sepsis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:113-126. [PMID: 29175486 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammation accompanied by multi-organ dysfunction due to microbial infection. Prostaglandins and their metabolites have long been studied for their importance in regulating the innate immune response. 15-keto-PGE2 (15k-PGE2) is a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite, whose further processing is catalyzed by prostaglandin reductase 2 (PTGR2). We showed disruption of the Ptgr2 gene in mice improves the survival rate under both LPS- and cecum ligation/puncture (CLP)-induced experimental sepsis. Knockdown of PTGR2 showed significant accumulation of intracellular 15k-PGE2 in activated macrophages. Both PTGR2 knockdown and exogenous treatment with 15k-PGE2 resulted in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). The same treatment in RAW264.7 and BMDM also led to increased levels of the anti-oxidative transcription factor, Nuclear factor (erythroid-2) related factor-2 (NRF2), augmented anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-mediated reporter activity and upregulated expression of the corresponding anti-oxidant genes. 15k-PGE2 further demonstrated modification to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a negative regulator of Nrf2, at cysteine 288 (Cys288) site post-translationally. Finally, 15k-PGE2-treated mice were found to be more resistant to experimental sepsis. Taken together, our study affirms the significance of PTGR2 and 15k-PGE2 in mitigating inflammatory responses and suggests a novel anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory therapy for sepsis through targeting PTGR2 and administering15k-PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsing Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Lin
- AbGenomics BV, Taiwan Branch, Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lynn Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Natural killer cells play an essential role in resolution of antigen-induced inflammation in mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 93:1-8. [PMID: 29112834 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether NK cells are important for resolution of antigen-induced inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were immunized twice with methylated BSA (mBSA) and inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of mBSA. Mice were injected intravenously with anti-asialo GM1 (αASGM1) or a control antibody 24h prior to peritonitis induction and peritoneal exudate collected at different time points. Expression of surface molecules and apoptosis on peritoneal cells was determined by flow cytometry and concentration of chemokines, cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors and lipid mediators by ELISA and LC-MS/MS. Apoptosis in parathymic lymph nodes and spleens was determined by TUNEL staining. Mice administered αASGM1 had lower peritoneal NK cell numbers and a higher number of peritoneal neutrophils 12h after induction of inflammation than control mice. The number of neutrophils was still high in the αASGM1 treated mice when their number had returned to baseline levels in the control mice, 48h after induction of inflammation. Peritoneal concentrations of the neutrophil regulators G-CSF and IL-12p40 were higher at 12h in the αASGM1 treated mice than in the control mice, whereas concentrations of lipid mediators implicated in resolution of inflammation, i.e. LXA4 and PGE2, were lower. Reduced apoptosis was detected in peritoneal neutrophils as well as in draining lymph nodes and spleens from the αASGM1 treated mice compared with that in the control mice. In addition, αASGM1 treated mice had lower number of peritoneal NK cells expressing NKp46 and NKG2D, receptors implicated in NK cell-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Furthermore, αASGM1 treatment completely blocked the increase in CD27+ NK cells that occurred in control mice following induction of inflammation, but CD27+ NK cells have been suggested to have a regulatory role. These results indicate a crucial role for NK cells in resolution of antigen-induced inflammation and suggest their importance in tempering neutrophil recruitment and maintaining neutrophil apoptosis.
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27
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Kern K, Pierre S, Schreiber Y, Angioni C, Thomas D, Ferreirós N, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. CD200 selectively upregulates prostaglandin E 2 and D 2 synthesis in LPS-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:53-59. [PMID: 28583890 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The CD200/CD200R signalling pathway downregulates the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators and induces the synthesis of antiinflammatory mediators in macrophages and microglia. However, very little is known about the effect of this immunosuppressive pathway on the synthesis of lipid mediators. Therefore, we determined the synthesis of 35 lipids spanning 5 different lipid families in bone marrow-derived macrophages, which were treated with interleukin (IL) 4, IL10, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or interferon γ (IFNγ) in absence and presence of CD200. Out of these conditions the only significant effect of CD200 was an increased synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and D2 in the presence of LPS. Accordingly, mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 and hematopoietic PGD synthase were upregulated by CD200 in presence of LPS. During Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA-) induced inflammation mPGES-1 was expressed in monocyte-derived macrophages and its expression was stronger in CD200R-positive than in CD200R-negative macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kern
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Germany.
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Daphnetin reduces endotoxin lethality in mice and decreases LPS-induced inflammation in Raw264.7 cells via suppressing JAK/STATs activation and ROS production. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:579-589. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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29
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Faqueti LG, Brieudes V, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL, Nascimento LF, Barros WM, Santos ARS, Biavatti MW. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of standardized extract of polymethoxyflavones from Ageratum conyzoides. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:369-377. [PMID: 27633406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ageratum conyzoides L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in tropical and subtropical regions of the world due to its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antibacterial properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize the standardized extract of polymethoxyflavones (SEPAc) from the plant and evaluate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SEPAc purified from the ethanol extract of the plant leaves was characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry and the methoxyflavones were quantified by a validated UPLC-PDA method. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the SEPAc were evaluated after oral administration on the acute nocifensive behavior of mice induced by formalin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in mice. RESULTS Qualitative analyses revealed the presence of seven methoxyflavones in the SEPAc, also a simple UPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the quantification of 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexametoxyflavone; nobiletin; 5'-methoxynobiletin and eupalestin, major compounds in the extract. The SEPAc exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in both formalin phases, with significant inhibition of the paw edema formation and significant reduction of the nocifensive response induced by an intraplantar injection of PGE2 and intrathecal injection of interleukin-1β. CONCLUSIONS The SEPAc exhibited significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. These results provided scientific suggestion of its potential as a source of new medicines to treat inflammatory diseases, such rheumatoid arthritis.
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Key Words
- 3′-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (PubChem CID: 44258654)
- 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-Hexamethoxyflavone (PubChem CID: 185670)
- 5′-Methoxynobiletin (PubChem CID: 72815)
- Ageratum conyzoides
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antinociceptive
- Eupalestin (PubChem CID: 331149)
- Linderoflavone B (PubChem CID: 97151)
- Methoxyflavones
- Nobiletin (PubChem CID: 72344)
- Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343)
- Sinensetin (PubChem CID: 145659)
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G Faqueti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vincent Brieudes
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios L Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Leandro F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wellinghton M Barros
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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31
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Doxorubicin resistant cancer cells activate myeloid-derived suppressor cells by releasing PGE2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23824. [PMID: 27032536 PMCID: PMC4817121 DOI: 10.1038/srep23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapies often induce drug-resistance in cancer cells and simultaneously stimulate proliferation and activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) to inhibit anti-tumor T cells, thus result in poor prognosis of patients with breast cancers. To date, the mechanism underlying the expansion of MDSCs in response to chemotherapies is poorly understood. In the present study, we used in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies to demonstrate that doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells secret significantly more prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) than their parental doxorubicin-sensitive cells. The secreted PGE2 can stimulate expansion and polymerization of MDSCs by directly target to its receptors, EP2/EP4, on the surface of MDSCs, which consequently triggers production of miR-10a through activating PKA signaling. More importantly, activated MDSCs can inhibit CD4+CD25− T cells as evidenced by reduced proliferation and IFN-γ release. In order to determine the molecular pathway that involves miR-10a mediated activation of MDSCs, biochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out. We found that miR-10a can activate AMPK signaling to promote expansion and activation of MDSCs. Thus, these results reveal, for the first time, a novel role of PGE2/miR-10a/AMPK signaling axis in chemotherapy-induced immune resistance, which might be targeted for treatment of chemotherapy resistant tumors.
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Koeberle A, Laufer SA, Werz O. Design and Development of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Inhibitors: Challenges and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5970-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Chair
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Hu X, Cifarelli V, Sun S, Kuda O, Abumrad NA, Su X. Major role of adipocyte prostaglandin E2 in lipolysis-induced macrophage recruitment. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:663-73. [PMID: 26912395 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m066530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which contribute to both local and systemic inflammation and modulate insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte lipolysis during fasting and weight loss also leads to ATM accumulation, but without proinflammatory activation suggesting distinct mechanisms of ATM recruitment. We examined the possibility that specific lipid mediators with anti-inflammatory properties are released from adipocytes undergoing lipolysis to induce macrophage migration. In the present study, we showed that conditioned medium (CM) from adipocytes treated with forskolin to stimulate lipolysis can induce migration of RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition to FFAs, lipolytic stimulation increased release of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and prostaglandin D2(PGD2), reflecting cytosolic phospholipase A2α activation and enhanced cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 expression. Reconstituted medium with the anti-inflammatory PGE2potently induced macrophage migration while different FFAs and PGD2had modest effects. The ability of CM to induce macrophage migration was abolished by treating adipocytes with the COX2 inhibitor sc236 or by treating macrophages with the prostaglandin E receptor 4 antagonist AH23848. In fasted mice, macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue coincided with increases of PGE2levels and COX1 expression. Collectively, our data show that adipocyte-originated PGE2with inflammation suppressive properties plays a significant role in mediating ATM accumulation during lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Vincenza Cifarelli
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Koeberle A, Werz O. Perspective of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 as drug target in inflammation-related disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:1-15. [PMID: 26123522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG)E2 encompasses crucial roles in pain, fever, inflammation and diseases with inflammatory component, such as cancer, but is also essential for gastric, renal, cardiovascular and immune homeostasis. Cyclooxygenases (COX) convert arachidonic acid to the intermediate PGH2 which is isomerized to PGE2 by at least three different PGE2 synthases. Inhibitors of COX - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - are currently the only available therapeutics that target PGE2 biosynthesis. Due to adverse effects of COX inhibitors on the cardiovascular system (COX-2-selective), stomach and kidney (COX-1/2-unselective), novel pharmacological strategies are in demand. The inducible microsomal PGE2 synthase (mPGES)-1 is considered mainly responsible for the excessive PGE2 synthesis during inflammation and was suggested as promising drug target for suppressing PGE2 biosynthesis. However, 15 years after intensive research on the biology and pharmacology of mPGES-1, the therapeutic value of mPGES-1 as drug target is still vague and mPGES-1 inhibitors did not enter the market so far. This commentary will first shed light on the structure, mechanism and regulation of mPGES-1 and will then discuss its biological function and the consequence of its inhibition for the dynamic network of eicosanoids. Moreover, we (i) present current strategies for interfering with mPGES-1-mediated PGE2 synthesis, (ii) summarize bioanalytical approaches for mPGES-1 drug discovery and (iii) describe preclinical test systems for the characterization of mPGES-1 inhibitors. The pharmacological potential of selective mPGES-1 inhibitor classes as well as dual mPGES-1/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors is reviewed and pitfalls in their development, including species discrepancies and loss of in vivo activity, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koeberle
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Sequence analysis and identification of new isoform of EP4 receptors in different atlantic salmon tissues (Salmo salar L.) and its role in PGE2 induced immunomodulation in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120483. [PMID: 25837516 PMCID: PMC4383505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PGE2 plays an important role in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes mediated through a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) called EP receptor. In mammals, four subtypes of EP receptor (EP 1-4) are identified and each of them functions through different signal transduction pathways. Orthologous EP receptors have also been identified in other non-mammalian species, such as chicken and zebrafish. EP4 is the only identified PGE2 receptor to date in Atlantic salmon but its tissue distribution and function have not been studied in any detail. In this study, we first sequenced EP4 receptor in different tissues and found that the presence of the 3nt deletion in the 5’ untranslated region was accompanied by silent mutation at nt 668. While attempting to amplify the same sequence in TO cells (an Atlantic salmon macrophage-like cell line), we failed to obtain the full-length product. Further investigation revealed different isoform of EP4 receptor in TO cells and we subsequently documented its presence in different Atlantic salmon tissues. These two isoforms of EP4 receptor share high homology in their first half of sequence but differ in the second half part with several deletion segments though the final length of coding sequence is the same for two isoforms. We further studied the immunomodulation effect of PGE2 in TO cells and found that PGE2 inhibited the induction of CXCL-10, CCL-4, IL-8 and IL-1β genes expression in a time dependent manner and without cAMP upregulation.
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Gamil AAA, Guo TC, König M, Evensen Ø. Distribution of EP4 receptor in different Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) tissues. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:143-150. [PMID: 25307202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid mediator that plays diverse functions in mammals. Four receptor subtypes of PGE2, designated EP1-4, have been identified to mediate its signaling pathways. Extensive studies of PGE2 and its receptors have been carried out in mammals, but little is known in fish, including Atlantic salmon. In the current study, the distribution of Atlantic salmon EP4 receptor in different tissues was investigated using RT- and real-time PCR. A custom made antibody was used to investigate the distribution of this receptor in different tissues. Quantitative analysis by real-time PCR revealed that the expression was more abundant in the spleen followed by head kidney, skin and fin while it was least expressed in heart, muscles and brain. The staining intensity obtained by immunohistochemistry correlated with the RT-PCR results. EP4 expression was strongly associated with the immune cells in different tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the distribution of EP4 receptor in Atlantic salmon tissues. Our findings suggest that EP4 may play a role in mediating immune responses as observed in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Gamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - T-C Guo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - M König
- Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics, European Neuroscience Institute, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ø Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Son DJ, Akiba S, Hong JT, Yun YP, Hwang SY, Park YH, Lee SE. Piperine inhibits the activities of platelet cytosolic phospholipase A2 and thromboxane A2 synthase without affecting cyclooxygenase-1 activity: different mechanisms of action are involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation and macrophage inflammatory response. Nutrients 2014; 6:3336-52. [PMID: 25153972 PMCID: PMC4145312 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Piperine, a major alkaloid of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and long pepper (Piper longum), was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression and enzyme activity. It is also reported to exhibit anti-platelet activity, but the mechanism underlying this action remains unknown. In this study, we investigated a putative anti-platelet aggregation mechanism involving arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and how this compares with the mechanism by which it inhibits macrophage inflammatory responses; METHODS: Rabbit platelets and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated with piperine, and the effect of piperine on the activity of AA-metabolizing enzymes, including cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), COX-1, COX-2, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase, as well as its effect on AA liberation from the plasma membrane components, were assessed using isotopic labeling methods and enzyme immunoassay kit; RESULTS: Piperine significantly suppressed AA liberation by attenuating cPLA2 activity in collagen-stimulated platelets. It also significantly inhibited the activity of TXA2 synthase, but not of COX-1, in platelets. These results suggest that piperine inhibits platelet aggregation by attenuating cPLA2 and TXA2 synthase activities, rather than through the inhibition of COX-1 activity. On the other hand, piperine significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced generation of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGD2 in RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the activity of COX-2, without effect on cPLA2; CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that piperine inhibits platelet aggregation and macrophage inflammatory response by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Son
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea; E-Mails: (J.T.H.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Yeo Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea; E-Mails: (J.T.H.); (Y.P.Y.)
| | - Seock Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Natural Science, Daejeon 300-716, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhayng University, Asan 336-745, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.P.); (S.E.L.); Tel.: +82-41-530-1259 (Y.H.P.); +82-53-950-7768 (S.E.L.); Fax: +82-41-530-1264 (Y.H.P.); +82-111-953-7233 (S.E.L.)
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.H.P.); (S.E.L.); Tel.: +82-41-530-1259 (Y.H.P.); +82-53-950-7768 (S.E.L.); Fax: +82-41-530-1264 (Y.H.P.); +82-111-953-7233 (S.E.L.)
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