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Valenzuela R, Metherel AH, Cisbani G, Smith ME, Chouinard-Watkins R, Klievik BJ, Videla LA, Bazinet RP. Protein concentrations and activities of fatty acid desaturase and elongase enzymes in liver, brain, testicle, and kidney from mice: Substrate dependency. Biofactors 2024; 50:89-100. [PMID: 37470206 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis rates of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in rodents and humans are not agreed upon and depend on substrate availability independently of the capacity for synthesis. Therefore, we aimed to assess the activities of the enzymes for n-3 and n-6 PUFA synthesis pathways in liver, brain, testicle, kidney, heart, and lung, in relation to their protein concentration levels. Eight-week-old Balb/c mice (n = 8) were fed a standard chow diet (6.2% fat, 18.6% protein, and 44.2% carbohydrates) until 14 weeks of age, anesthetized with isoflurane and tissue samples were collected (previously perfused) and stored at -80°C. The protein concentration of the enzymes (Δ-6D, Δ-5D, Elovl2, and Elovl5) were assessed by ELISA kits; their activities were assayed using specific PUFA precursors and measuring the respective PUFA products as fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatographic analysis. The liver had the highest capacity for PUFA biosynthesis, with limited activity in the brain, testicles, and kidney, while we failed to detect activity in the heart and lung. The protein concentration and activity of the enzymes were significantly correlated. Furthermore, Δ-6D, Δ-5D, and Elovl2 have a higher affinity for n-3 PUFA precursors compared to n-6 PUFA. The capacity for PUFA synthesis in mice mainly resides in the liver, with enzymes having preference for n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mackenzie E Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brinley J Klievik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Seike M, Ashida H, Yamashita Y. Dietary flaxseed oil induces production of adiponectin in visceral fat and prevents obesity in mice. Nutr Res 2024; 121:16-27. [PMID: 38039598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Induction of obesity by dietary fats and oils differs according to the type of fat. Adiponectin is believed to be related to obesity prevention. We hypothesized that flaxseed oil is important for preventing obesity and producing adiponectin. To clarify this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between obesity and different fat sources in mice fed diets with 6 types of fat and oils. C57BL/6J mice were given a control diet containing 5% corn oil or a high-fat diet containing 20% of either lard, palm oil, rapeseed oil, oleate-rich safflower oil, corn oil, or flaxseed oil for 14 weeks. In another experiment, mice were given a control diet and rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 1 week. At the end of study, plasma adiponectin and expression of fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white and brown adipose tissue and the liver were measured. Dietary flaxseed oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid, did not induce obesity. Flaxseed oil resulted in increased β-oxidation-related factors in epididymal white adipose tissue, decreased fatty acid synthesis-related factors in the liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue following increase of plasma adiponectin. The results suggested that increase in plasma adiponectin after intake of flaxseed oil may be due to altered expression of AdipoQ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in epididymal white adipose tissue. Flaxseed oil increased expression of adiponectin in visceral fat and regulated obesity-controlling fatty acid metabolism-related factors in white adipose tissue and liver, and thermogenesis-related factor in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Seike
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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Abd Rahman IZ, Nor Hisam NS, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Ugusman A. Evaluating the Potential of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo (Sacha Inchi) in Alleviating Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Mini Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1588. [PMID: 38004453 PMCID: PMC10675584 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plukenetia volubilis Linneo or Sacha Inchi (SI), a traditional natural remedy indigenous to Peru and Brazil, has garnered global attention due to its exceptional nutritional composition. Its protective effects against various non-communicable diseases, notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), have become a subject of interest in recent research. This comprehensive review summarizes the existing evidence from 15 relevant articles concerning the impact of SI on common CVD risk factors, including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The relevant articles were derived from comprehensive searches on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using predefined criteria and keywords related to the topic. Overall, SI demonstrated positive effects in attenuating dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The multifaceted mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of SI against these CVD risk factors are primarily attributed to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. While preclinical studies dominate the current scientific literature on SI, there are limited clinical trials to corroborate these findings. Therefore, future well-designed, large-scale randomized clinical trials are highly recommended to establish the efficacy of SI and determine its optimal dosage, potential drug and food interactions, and practical integration into preventive strategies and dietary interventions for the high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Zulhilmi Abd Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
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4
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Takenoya F, Shibato J, Yamashita M, Kimura A, Hirako S, Chiba Y, Nonaka N, Shioda S, Rakwal R. Transcriptomic (DNA Microarray) and Metabolome (LC-TOF-MS) Analyses of the Liver in High-Fat Diet Mice after Intranasal Administration of GALP (Galanin-like Peptide). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15825. [PMID: 37958806 PMCID: PMC10648535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to test the efficacy and potential clinical application of intranasal administration of galanin-like peptide (GALP) as an anti-obesity treatment under the hypothesis that GALP prevents obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Focusing on the mechanism of regulation of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the autonomic nervous system, we confirmed that, compared with a control (saline), intranasally administered GALP prevented further body weight gain in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with continued access to an HFD. Using an omics-based approach, we identified several genes and metabolites in the liver tissue of DIO mice that were altered by the administration of intranasal GALP. We used whole-genome DNA microarray and metabolomics analyses to determine the anti-obesity effects of intranasal GALP in DIO mice fed an HFD. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the upregulation of flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1 and Mt2, respectively), and the Aldh1a3, Defa3, and Defa20 genes. Analysis using the DAVID tool showed that intranasal GALP enhanced gene expression related to fatty acid elongation and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and downregulated gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis, fat absorption, bile uptake, and excretion. Metabolite analysis revealed increased levels of coenzyme Q10 and oleoylethanolamide in the liver tissue, increased levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) in the bile acids, increased levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and decreased levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In conclusion, intranasal GALP administration alleviated weight gain in obese mice fed an HFD via mechanisms involving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fatty acid metabolism effects and genetic alterations. The gene expression data are publicly available at NCBI GSE243376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Takenoya
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Ai Kimura
- Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (F.T.); (M.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 339-8539, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan; (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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Ghorani V, Saadat S, Khazdair MR, Gholamnezhad Z, El-Seedi H, Boskabady MH. Phytochemical Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory, Immunoregulatory, and Antioxidant Effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A Comprehensive Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2075444. [PMID: 37693918 PMCID: PMC10484659 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2075444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea) or purslane is a plant from the Portulacaceae family, which is used as food and traditional medicine for various diseases. This review article provides comprehensive information on the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of P. oleracea and its constituents. The literature survey of the different databases until the end of June 2023 was explored based on the keywords including the "P. oleracea, purslane, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties." The plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and some other compounds. The results indicated that P. oleracea and its constituents showed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties through reduction of inflammatory mediators including interferon gama (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Improvement in cytokines' serum levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4) and increased IgG and IgM serum levels, as well as reduction of IgE, phospholipase A2, and total protein were demonstrated for P. oleracea. The plant and its constituents also improved oxidative stress by reduction of oxidant and increase of antioxidant markers. P. oleracea could be considered as an effective remedy for various inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Cardino VN, Goeden T, Yakah W, Ezeamama AE, Fenton JI. New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081933. [PMID: 37111152 PMCID: PMC10143140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is usually clinically diagnosed through abnormal anthropometric parameters characteristic of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In doing so, other contributors or byproducts of malnutrition, notably essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), are overlooked. Previous research performed mainly in high-income countries (HICs) shows that deficiencies in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) byproducts (also known as highly unsaturated fatty acids or HUFAs) lead to both abnormal linear growth and impaired cognitive development. These adverse developmental outcomes remain an important public health issue in LMICs. To identify EFAD before severe malnutrition develops, clinicians should perform blood fatty acid panels to measure levels of fatty acids associated with EFAD, notably Mead acid and HUFAs. This review demonstrates the importance of measuring endogenous fatty acid levels for measuring fatty acid intake in various child populations in LMICs. Featured topics include a comparison of fatty acid levels between global child populations, the relationships between growth and cognition and PUFAs and the possible mechanisms driving these relationships, and the potential importance of EFAD and HUFA scores as biomarkers of overall health and normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Cardino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Travis Goeden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William Yakah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amara E Ezeamama
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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7
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Jannas-Vela S, Espinosa A, Candia AA, Flores-Opazo M, Peñailillo L, Valenzuela R. The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040871. [PMID: 36839229 PMCID: PMC9965797 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body, comprising approximately 40% of body mass. After damage or injury, a healthy skeletal muscle is often fully regenerated; however, with aging and chronic diseases, the regeneration process is usually incomplete, resulting in the formation of fibrotic tissue, infiltration of intermuscular adipose tissue, and loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to a reduction in functional performance and quality of life. Accumulating evidence has shown that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their lipid mediators (i.e., oxylipins and endocannabinoids) have the potential to enhance muscle regeneration by positively modulating the local and systemic inflammatory response to muscle injury. This review explores the process of muscle regeneration and how it is affected by acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, focusing on the potential role of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives as positive modulators of skeletal muscle healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jannas-Vela
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Campus San Felipe, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2170000, Chile
| | - Alejandro A. Candia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Flores-Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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8
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LIU L, LIU C, DOU S, DONG L. Volatile metabolite profiling of linolenic acid oxidation in the heating process. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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9
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Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010187. [PMID: 36615843 PMCID: PMC9823554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds contain a variety of phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-derived compounds are often investigated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, anti-apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, or neuroprotective properties. In this review, we have described the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from eight selected plant species-blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), Moringa oleifera Lam., sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Sprenger), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS. Numerous preclinical, and some clinical studies have found that extracts, fractions, oil, flour, proteins, polysaccharides, or purified chemical compounds isolated from the seeds of these plants display promising, health-promoting effects, and could be utilized in drug development, or to make nutraceuticals and functional foods. Despite that, many of these properties have been studied only in vitro, and it's unsure if their effects would be relevant in vivo as well, so there is a need for more animal studies and clinical trials that would help determine if they could be applied in disease prevention or treatment.
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zheng J, Sun M, Jin L, Qi C, Sun J. Mixed nuts with high nutrient density improve insulin resistance in mice by gut microbiota remodeling. Food Funct 2022; 13:9904-9917. [PMID: 36053223 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of mixed nuts is a healthy dietary strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and has a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota. However, there is a lack of basic research based on mixed nut formulation. This study established a new method for optimizing mixed nut formulations using the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) index model. Nutrient indices were adjusted by combining 10 and 8 encouraging nutrients and 3 limiting nutrients of nuts and dried fruits, respectively. The optimized mixed nut formulation had the highest total NRF and the lowest energy, which was achieved by applying linear programming. The effect of an optimized mixed nut formulation on insulin resistance and gut microbiota was investigated in an animal model of metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 12 per group) were fed a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with a supplemented classical randomized controlled trial mixed nut formula (MN1), a commercially available mixed nut formula (MN2), a high-nutrient density mixed nut formula (MN3), or ellagic acid (positive control). MN3 treatment decreased total plasma cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and zonulin levels, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and significantly altered the β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota as compared to the HFD group. These effects of MN3 were superior to MN1 and MN2. In conclusion, MN3 had the highest nutrient density and improved insulin resistance in low-grade inflammation via gut microbiota remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Youjiao Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhongya Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Yiying Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Sun
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Long Jin
- National R&D Center for Nuts Processing Technology, Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Liang Z, Zhang J, Du M, Ahmad AA, Wang S, Zheng J, Salekdeh GH, Yan P, Han J, Tong B, Ding X. Age-dependent changes of hindgut microbiota succession and metabolic function of Mongolian cattle in the semi-arid rangelands. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957341. [PMID: 35935190 PMCID: PMC9354825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes have significant effects on gut microbiota and host health. Weaning is an important stage of dietary change in ruminants. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota of calf in the early life undergo some changes, and the plasticity of the calf is beneficial to cope with these changes and challenges. However, the complex development of hindgut microorganisms in post-weaning ruminants is not fully understood. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis to determine the cecal and colonic bacterial community and associated metabolome of Mongolian cattle at age of the 5th (at weaning), 18th, and 36th months. Moreover, the maturation patterns of the hindgut bacterial community and the dynamic changes of metabolites were also explored. Sequencing results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the cecum and colon. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed bacterial features that were stage-specific in the cecum and colon. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae, a microbial family related to fiber degradation, gradually increased with age in the cecum, while the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes, which are related to immunity, gradually increased in the colon. The differential metabolites in the cecum and colon were mainly enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism between different ages of Mongolian cattle after weaning. Consequently, this dual omics analysis provided important information on the changes in microbial and metabolite interactions in Mongolian cattle after weaning. The microorganisms and metabolites in the cecum and colon further enhanced the abiotic stress resistance of Mongolian cattle to the harsh environment. The information obtained in this study is of great significance for future strategies of cecum and colon microbiota regulation of post-weaning Mongolian cattle in the harsh Mongolian Plateau ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Du
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anum Ali Ahmad
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ping Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bin Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Abd-Elmonsif NM, El-Zainy MA, Rabea AA, Fathy Mohamed IA. The Prospective Effect of Cinnamon and Chia on Submandibular Salivary Glands After Ciprofloxacin Administration in Albino Rats (Histological, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Study). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-18. [PMID: 35788256 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CPFX®) is potent fluoroquinolone but has severe side effects. Cinnamon (CIN) and chia seeds are potent antioxidants. The current work aimed to compare the effect of CIN extract and chia seeds on CPFX®-treated submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: received saline. Group 2: received CPFX®. Group 3: received CIN extract after 4 h of CPFX® administration. Group 4: received ground chia seeds after 4 h of CPFX® administration. After 10 days, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were done. Different examinations illustrated normal features of SMG in Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 showed degenerative signs. Group 4 showed normal features in some areas. Statistical results illustrated that Group 2 had highest mean vacuolation area%. Highest mean of PAS optical density (OD) was for Group 2. Concerning mercuric bromophenol blue stain OD; Group 1 showed highest mean OD. CPFX® has the deteriorative effect on SMG structure and ultrastructure. It leads to increased levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and decreased levels of total proteins. CIN extract showed more ameliorative effect compared to chia seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amany A Rabea
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Martínez R, Mesas C, Guzmán A, Galisteo M, López-Jurado M, Prados J, Melguizo C, Bermúdez F, Porres JM. Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model. Food Funct 2022; 13:7614-7628. [PMID: 35731538 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid (LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on different physiological parameters using 7-15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Martínez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain. .,Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Bermúdez
- Cellbitec S.L., N.I.F. B04847216, Scientific Headquarters of the Almería Technology Park, Universidad de Almería, 04128 La Cañada, Almería, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Porres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Videla LA, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Metherel AH, Valenzuela R. Influence of the nutritional status and oxidative stress in the desaturation and elongation of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 181:102441. [PMID: 35537354 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) play essential roles in cell membrane structure and physiological processes including signal transduction, cellular metabolism and tissue homeostasis to combat diseases. PUFA are either consumed from food or synthesized by enzymatic desaturation, elongation and peroxisomal β-oxidation. The nutritionally essential precursors α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA) are subjected to desaturation by Δ6D/Δ5D desaturases and elongation by elongases 2/5, enzymes that are induced by insulin and repressed by PUFA. Maintaining an optimally low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio is linked to prevention of the development of several diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by depletion of PUFA promoting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In this context, supplementation with n-3 PUFA revealed significant lowering of hepatic steatosis in obese patients, whereas prevention of fatty liver by high-fat diet in mice is observed in n-3 PUFA and hydroxytyrosol co-administration. The aim of this work is to review the role of nutritional status and nutrient availability on markers of PUFA biosynthesis. In addition, the impact of oxidative stress developed as a result of NAFLD, a redox imbalance that may alter the expression and activity of the enzymes involved, and diminished n-3 PUFA levels by free-radical dependent peroxidation processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Efficacy of omega-3-rich Camelina sativa on the metabolic and clinical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:537-545. [PMID: 35421019 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants co-supplementation was considered as alternative treatment in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This trial evaluated effects of Camelina sativa oil (CSO) as a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants on anthropometric indices, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and adiponectin in NAFLD patients. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 NAFLD patients who were randomly assigned to either a CSO supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. Both groups received a loss weight diet. Levels of liver enzymes, adiponectin, lipid profile, atherogenic index, and anthropometric indices were assessed for all patients at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS CSO caused significant differences in weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, atherogenic index, alanine aminotransferase, and adiponectin concentrations in the CSO group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.046 for all). No significant differences were found in hip circumference, neck circumference, HDL-c, and other liver enzymes in the CSO group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.790, P = 0.091, P = 0.149, P < 0.159 for liver enzymes, respectively). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study showed that CSO supplementation for 12 weeks causes significant changes in all of anthropometric indices (except hip circumference and neck circumference), ALT, lipid profile (except HDL-c), atherogenic index, and adiponectin in NAFLD patients.
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16
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Sadat A, Biswas T, Cardoso MH, Mondal R, Ghosh A, Dam P, Nesa J, Chakraborty J, Bhattacharjya D, Franco OL, Gangopadhyay D, Mandal AK. Silkworm pupae as a future food with nutritional and medicinal benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041930. [PMID: 35206115 PMCID: PMC8871836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy is a worrying public health problem worldwide. Maternal diet is critical for fatty acid (FA) placental transport and FA content in breast milk (BM). We evaluated FA composition in erythrocytes phospholipids (EP) and BM in pregnant women with (OBE, n = 30) and without (non-OBE, n = 31) obesity. Sixty-one healthy women were evaluated at their 20-24th gestational week and followed until 6th month of lactation. Diet was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. FA composition of EP and BM was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The OBE group showed lower diet quality, but total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), ALA, EPA, and DHA dietary intake was similar between groups. N-3 PUFA, ALA, DHA, and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in EP were lower at the 6th lactation month in the OBE group. In BM, the arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was lower at the end of the lactation, and DHA content showed an earlier and constant decline in the OBE group compared to the non-OBE group. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA and AA and DHA levels were reduced in EP and BM in pregnant women with obesity. Strategies to increase n-3 PUFA are urgently needed during pregnancy and lactation, particularly in women with obesity.
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18
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Cárdenas DM, Gómez Rave LJ, Soto JA. Biological Activity of Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and Potential Uses in Human Health: A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:253-266. [PMID: 34759758 PMCID: PMC8542186 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is an ancestral plant originating in the Amazon jungle that has been adopted as a food source due to its high nutritional value, which has gradually been recognized to have potential benefits for human health. Diverse prospective studies have evaluated the effect of consuming components from the plant, derivatives from its seeds, leaves and shell on preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, dermatitis and controlling tumor proliferation, especially given its recognized high content of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and vitamin E, showing antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulation and emollient activity, as well as the capacity to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review offers a complete description of the existing information on the use and biological activity of P. volubilis L., based on its essential lipid components and evidenced on its use in the field of human health, in prevention, therapeutic and nutritional contexts, along with industrial uses, making it a promising bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny M Cárdenas
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave
- Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Masira Research Institute, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Javier Andrés Soto
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
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19
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Zhao B, Fu S, Li H, Chen Z. Chemical Characterization of Chinese Perilla Seed Oil. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1575-1583. [PMID: 34645745 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of Chinese perilla seed oil has been characterized in this study. The result showed that both the cold press oil and the solvent extracted oil possessed low acid value and peroxide value. The fatty acid composition result showed that the oil has high content of linolenic acid (C18:3) up to 66.4 g/100 g, followed by linoleic acid (C18:2) of 15.3 g/100 g. The total triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles results showed that the oil contained 20 TAGs including 17 regioisomers, including LnLnLn (35.8 g/100 g), LLnLn (20.2 g/100 g), LLLn (17.7 g/100 g) and PLnLn (14.9 g/100 g) (Ln, linolenic acid; L, linoleic acid; P, palmitic acid). With content of only 0.57 g/100 g oil, the unsaponifiable matters were mainly composed of phytosterols, squalene, tocopherol, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The total phytosterols content was 0.39 g/100 g oil, in which β-sitosterol has high content of 0.31 g/100 g oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Shijian Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Hua Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
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20
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Goyal A, Tanwar B, Kumar Sihag M, Sharma V. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.): An emerging source of nutrients, omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals. Food Chem 2021; 373:131459. [PMID: 34731811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) (SI) is an oleaginous plant producing oil and protein-rich seeds. It has been cultivated for centuries and is native to the tropical rainforest of the Amazon region of South America including parts of Peru and northwestern Brazil. At present, SI seeds are emerging as a potential source of macro- and micronutrients, α-linolenic acid and phytochemicals. This review attempts to elucidate the nutrients, phytonutrients, safety, toxicity, health benefits and food applications of SI seed. Recent scientific studies have associated the consumption of SI seed/oil with reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, lack of awareness and in-depth understanding has resulted in it being neglected both at the consumer and industrial level. In all, SI is an underutilized and undervalued oleaginous crop which not only has the potential to mitigate food and nutritional insecurity but also offers humongous opportunities for the development of novel value-added food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Goyal
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Beenu Tanwar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana 384002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manvesh Kumar Sihag
- Department of Dairy Chemistry, College of Dairy Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, India.
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Fábrias G, Casas J, Wandosell F. Diets with Higher ω-6/ω-3 Ratios Show Differences in Ceramides and Fatty Acid Levels Accompanied by Increased Amyloid-Beta in the Brains of Male APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010907. [PMID: 34681567 PMCID: PMC8535881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile plaque formation as a consequence of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation constitutes one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathology is characterized by synaptic alterations and cognitive impairment. In order to either prevent or revert it, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed, and some of them are focused on diet modification. Modification of the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio in diets has been proven to affect Aβ production and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice. In these diets, linoleic acid is the main contribution of ω-6 FA, whereas alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are the contributors of ω-3 FA. In the present work, we have explored the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratio modifications in the diets of male double-transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD model) and wild-type mice (WT). Amyloid burden in the hippocampus increased in parallel with the increase in dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio in TG male mice. In addition, there was a modification in the brain lipid profile proportional to the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet. In particular, the higher the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, the lower the ceramides and higher the FAs, particularly docosatetraenoic acid. Modifications to the cortex lipid profile was mostly similar between TG and WT mice, except for gangliosides (higher levels in TG mice) and some ceramide species (lower levels in TG mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fábrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-196-4561
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22
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Yuan Q, Xie F, Huang W, Hu M, Yan Q, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Liu L. The review of alpha-linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 36:164-188. [PMID: 34553434 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) is a carboxylic acid composed of 18 carbon atoms and three cis double bonds, and is an essential fatty acid indispensable to the human body. This study aims to systematically review related studies on the dietary sources, metabolism, and pharmacological effects of ALA. Information on ALA was collected from the internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC using a combination of keywords including "pharmacology," "metabolism," "sources." The following findings are mainly contained. (a) ALA can only be ingested from food and then converted into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the body. (b) This conversion process is relatively limited and affected by many factors such as dose, gender, and disease. (c) Pharmacological research shows that ALA has the anti-metabolic syndrome, anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, neuroprotection, and regulation of the intestinal flora properties. (d) There are the most studies that prove ALA has anti-metabolic syndrome effects, including experimental studies and clinical trials. (e) The therapeutic effect of ALA will be affected by the dosage. In short, ALA is expected to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilu Yan
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Zemou Chen
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cui Y, Lu H, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Current trends of Chinese herbal medicines on meat quality of pigs. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138775/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Vitorović J, Joković N, Radulović N, Mihajilov-Krstev T, Cvetković VJ, Jovanović N, Mitrović T, Aleksić A, Stanković N, Bernstein N. Antioxidant Activity of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Oil in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae under Non-Stress and H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060830. [PMID: 34067432 PMCID: PMC8224776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil extracted from hemp seeds has significant nutritional and biological properties due to the unique composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and various antioxidant compounds. The potential of this oil for the prevention of oxidative stress and for the treatment of oxidative-stress-induced ailments is of increasing interest. Most studies of hemp seed oil were conducted in-vitro, meaning we lack information about effects and activity in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that hemp seed oil at different concentrations improves the oxidative state of D. melanogaster, under non-stress as well as hydrogen-peroxide-induced stress. We analyzed the effects of hemp seed oil on oxidative stress markers and on the life cycle of D.melanogaster under non-stress and hydrogen-peroxide-induced stress conditions. D.melanogaster larvae were exposed to hemp seed oil concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 125 μL/mL. The results revealed that under non-stress conditions, oil concentrations up to 62.5 µL/mL did not induce negative effects on the life cycle of D. melanogaster and maintained the redox status of the larval cells at similar levels to the control level. Under oxidative stress conditions, biochemical parameters were significantly affected and only two oil concentrations, 18.7 and 31.2 µL/mL, provided protection against hydrogen peroxide stress effects. A higher oil concentration (125 μL/mL) exerted negative effects on the oxidative status and increased larval mortality. The tested oil was characterized chemically by NMR, transesterification, and silylation, followed by GC-MS analyses, and was shown to contain polyunsaturated fatty acid triglycerides and low levels of tocopherols. The high levels of linoleic and linolenic acids in the oil are suggested to be responsible for the observed in vivo antioxidant effects. Taken together, the results show that hemp seed oil is effective for reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level, thus supporting the hypothesis. The obtained results point to the potential of hemp seed oil for the prevention and treatment of conditions caused by the action of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vitorović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nataša Joković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Vladimir J. Cvetković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nikola Jovanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Tatjana Mitrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 15159, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Sambra V, Echeverria F, Valenzuela A, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2021; 13:986. [PMID: 33803760 PMCID: PMC8003191 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in neurogenesis and brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA and AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure and function of membranes, among others. DHA and AA are deposited into the lipids of cell membranes that form the gray matter representing approximately 25% of the total content of brain fatty acids. Both fatty acids have effects on neuronal growth and differentiation through the modulation of the physical properties of neuronal membranes, signal transduction associated with G proteins, and gene expression. DHA and AA have a relevant role in neuroprotection against neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are associated with characteristic pathological expressions as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The present review analyzes the neuroprotective role of DHA and AA in the extreme stages of life, emphasizing the importance of these LCPUFA during the first year of life and in the developing/prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sambra
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nutrition, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
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26
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Cornelio‐Santiago HP, Bodini RB, Oliveira AL. Potential of Oilseeds Native to Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado Biomes: Benefits, Chemical and Functional Properties, and Extraction Methods. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heber P. Cornelio‐Santiago
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa Bodini
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lopes Oliveira
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
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Hu M, Xie F, Zhang S, Qi B, Li Y. Effect of nanoemulsion particle size on the bioavailability and bioactivity of perilla oil in rats. J Food Sci 2020; 86:206-214. [PMID: 33295031 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and bioactivity of perilla (Perilla frutescens) oil nanoemulsions prepared at different homogenization pressures by measuring the weight, fatty acid profile, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in rats. The high-pressure homogenization significantly reduced the particle size of perilla oil nanoemulsions and enhanced their stability, and the minimum particle size was 293.87 ± 6.55 nm at 120 MPa. There was an increase in the weight and fatty acid levels in the plasma and liver of test group rats. The highest glutathione (GSH) and the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of 18.76 ± 10.51 mg GSH/g prot and 20.27 ± 2.46 nmol/mg prot, respectively, were recorded in rats administrated perilla oil nanoemulsions prepared at 120 MPa. However, there was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) between the groups. The interferon-gamma (IL-γ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and IL-8 (interleukin-8) levels in the test groups were lower than those in the blank and control groups at 8 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection. The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were 49.52 ± 14.06, 90.13 ± 6.04, and 419.71 ± 32.03 ng/L, respectively, in rats treated with perilla oil nanoemulsions prepared at 120 MPa. Both perilla oil and its nanoemulsions decreased estradiol levels and damaged the ovaries. Overall, our findings show that the test nanoemulsions enhanced the bioavailability of perilla oil, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses; thus, we provide a new approach to deliver perilla oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nanoemulsions can be used to deliver drugs and bioactive compounds, and perilla oil nanoemulsions can be used in healthcare products and beverage industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Fengying Xie
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Institute of Green Food Science, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.,Heilongjiang Institute of Green Food Science, Harbin, 150030, China
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28
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Kruse M, Kemper M, Gancheva S, Osterhoff M, Dannenberger D, Markgraf D, Machann J, Hierholzer J, Roden M, Pfeiffer AFH. Dietary Rapeseed Oil Supplementation Reduces Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Men-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000419. [PMID: 32920973 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Effective treatment for obesity associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. Dietary supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically alpha linolenic acid (ALA), can resolve intrahepatic lipid content (IHL). This study investigates the effect of daily supplementation of either refined rapeseed (RA), containing high amounts of ALA, or refined olive (OL) oil on IHL and glucose metabolism in NAFLD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS 27 obese men consumed an isocaloric diet including either 50 g of RA or OL daily for 8 weeks. Hepatic proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies and blood tests are performed before and at the end of the study. At 8 weeks a significant reduction in IHL is observed for RA (13.1 ± 1.6 before versus 11.1 ± 1.6% after intervention) versus OL (13.3 ± 2.5 before versus 15.7 ± 2.7% after intervention). For RA, a 21% reduction (P < 0.02) in serum free fatty acids (FFA) and a 1.68-fold increase (P = 0.03) of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) is observed after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION RA has a beneficial effect on hepatic lipid metabolism as shown by reduced IHL and serum FFA. RA induced IL-6 production seems to be liver protective confirming previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kruse
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sofiya Gancheva
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center Düsseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Osterhoff
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center Düsseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hierholzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center Düsseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Clinical Nutrition, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Valenzuela R, Ortiz M, Hernández-Rodas MC, Echeverría F, Videla LA. Targeting n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5250-5272. [PMID: 30968772 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190410121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol consumption, in association with Oxidative Stress (OS), a pro-inflammatory state and Insulin Resistance (IR), which are attenuated by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (FAs) C20-C22 (LCPUFAs) supplementation. Main causes of NAFLD comprise high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, with high intakes of saturated FAs. METHODS The review includes several searches considering the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs in NAFLD in vivo and in vitro models, using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine- National Institutes of Health. RESULT The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n- 3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels. The molecular pathways described for n-3 LCPUFAs in cellular and animal models and humans include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation favouring FA oxidation, diminution of lipogenesis due to sterol responsive element binding protein-1c downregulation and inflammation resolution. Besides, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 activation is elicited by n-3 LCPUFA-derived oxidation products producing direct and indirect antioxidant responses, with concomitant anti-fibrogenic action. CONCLUSION The discussed effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation support its use in NAFLD, although having a limited value in NASH, a contention that may involve n-3 LCPUFA oxygenated derivatives. Clinical trials establishing optimal dosages, intervention times, type of patients and possible synergies with other natural products are needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Merced 333, Curicó 3340000, Chile
| | - María Catalina Hernández-Rodas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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30
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Brandt A, Rajcic D, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying diet with rapeseed oil instead of butterfat attenuates the progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and impairment of glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2020; 109:154283. [PMID: 32497536 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absolute dietary fat intake but even more so fatty acid pattern is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we determined if switching a butterfat enriched diet to a rapeseed oil (RO) enriched diet affects progression of an existing NAFLD and glucose intolerance in mice. METHODS For eight weeks, female C57Bl/6J mice were either fed a liquid control (C) or a butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% butterfat) to induce early signs of steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice. For additional five weeks mice received either BFC or C or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich and control diet, in which butterfat was replaced with RO (ROFC and CRO). Markers of glucose metabolism, liver damage and intestinal barrier were assessed. RESULTS Exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of BFC diet-induced NAFLD and glucose intolerance. Beneficial effects of RO were associated with lower portal endotoxin levels and an attenuation of the induction of the toll-like receptor-4-dependent signaling cascades in liver. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity was induced in small intestine of ROFC-fed mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of diet-induced steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Capitão A, Lopes-Marques M, Páscoa I, Ruivo R, Mendiratta N, Fonseca E, Castro LFC, Santos MM. The Echinodermata PPAR: Functional characterization and exploitation by the model lipid homeostasis regulator tributyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114467. [PMID: 32278212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide ecological relevance of lipid homeostasis modulators in the environment has been increasingly acknowledged. Tributyltin (TBT), for instance, was shown to cause lipid modulation, not only in mammals, but also in fish, molluscs, arthropods and rotifers. In vertebrates, TBT is known to interact with a nuclear receptor heterodimer module, formed by the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). These modulate the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. In the present work, we isolated for the first time the complete coding region of the Echinodermata (Paracentrotus lividus) gene orthologues of PPAR and RXR and evaluated the ability of a model lipid homeostasis modulator, TBT, to interfere with the lipid metabolism in this species. Our results demonstrate that TBT alters the gonadal fatty acid composition and gene expression patterns: yielding sex-specific responses in fatty acid levels, including the decrease of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) in males, and increase of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) in females, and upregulation of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (acsl), ppar and rxr. Furthermore, an in vitro test using COS-1 cells as host and chimeric receptors with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of P. lividus PPAR and RXR shows that organotins (TBT and TPT (Triphenyltin)) suppressed activity of the heterodimer PPAR/RXR in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that TBT acts as a lipid homeostasis modulator at environmentally relevant concentrations in Echinodermata and highlight a possible conserved mode of action via the PPAR/RXR heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nicolau Mendiratta
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), Department of Biology, University of Porto (U.Porto), Porto, Portugal.
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Li P, Huang J, Xiao N, Cai X, Yang Y, Deng J, Zhang LH, Du B. Sacha inchi oil alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and improves hepatic lipid dysmetabolism in high-fat diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:5827-5841. [PMID: 32648886 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are beneficial for humans against the development of hyperlipidaemia, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that oral consumption of sacha inchi oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid, alleviated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Sacha inchi oil administration reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered the gut microbiota metabolome and in particular prevented bile acid dysmetabolism caused by a HFD. Sacha inchi oil intake ameliorated hepatic lipid dysmetabolism in HFD-fed rats, via potentiating the biosynthesis and reuptake of bile acids, reducing the de novo lipogenesis, promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation, and alleviating the dysregulation of glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolisms. The results showed that dietary sacha inchi oil can alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduce lipid dysmetabolism in HFD rats, and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which plant-derived ω-3 PUFAs prevent the development of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jin Q, Zhang H. Advances in exogenous docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids: Sources, positional isomerism, biological activities, and advantages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1420-1448. [PMID: 33337094 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA-PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA-PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by-products, few microorganisms for DHA-PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA-PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA-PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA-PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA-PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA-PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA-PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA-PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA-PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA-PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA-PLs and the acceptance of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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34
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Abad A, Shahidi F. Compositional characteristics and oxidative stability of chia seed oil (Salvia hispanica L). FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fatty acid composition and triacylglycerols (TAG) profile of chia seed oil were determined. The main fatty acids present in the tested oil were α-linolenic acid (Ln, 61.1%) > linoleic acid (L, 16.6%) > palmitic acid (P, 6.7%) > oleic acid (O, 6.0%) > stearic acid (S, 3.2%). Five major triacylglycerols in chia oil were LnLnLn, LnLLn, LnLnP, LnOLn, and LLLn and these contributed more than 76% to the total. The oxidative stability under autoxidative and photooxidative conditions before and after the removal of their minor components was also determined. In addition, tocols, chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured in the oil. Oil samples were stripped of their minor components by using a facile silicic acid and charcoal in one pot rather than in a column. Storage under Schaal oven condition and photooxidation were also monitored for both crude oil (non-stripped) and stripped oil using stationary phase material. Total tocopherol contents were in the order of β−/γ- 282.68, δ- 47.44, and α-tocopherols 10.94 mg/kg of oil. Stripping removed all the minor components including tocopherols, chlorophylls and carotenoids. Oxidative stability of the tested seed oil was primarily affected by its composition of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, minor components, and storage conditions.
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da Silva BP, Toledo RCL, Mishima MDV, Moreira MEDC, Vasconcelos CM, Pereira CER, Favarato LSC, Costa NMB, Martino HSD. Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats. Food Funct 2020; 10:4036-4045. [PMID: 31219482 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in adult female ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty ovariectomized and 40 intact (SHAM) rats were allocated into 8 groups (n = 10), and each rat received one of the following four diets: standard diet (ST); standard diet + chia (STC); high-fat diet (HF); and high-fat diet + chia (HFC) for 126 days. Biochemical parameters and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α, NFκB, TNF-α and Zn-SOD1 were analyzed, as well as those of TNF-α and IL-1β. Chia intake increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and reduced LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Plasma catalase activity was elevated in the STC group. Concentrations of TBARS were higher in all groups fed HF. PPAR-α mRNA expression was elevated, and levels of NFκB mRNA expression were reduced in the STC group. mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α were lower in rats fed the standard diet. Protein levels of IL-1β were reduced in rats fed the standard diet, and the high fat diet with chia. In general, ovariectomy did not influence the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Chia intake improved antioxidant activity by increasing SOD expression, PPAR-α expression, catalase activity, and HDL-c levels. In addition, chia consumption decreased the concentrations of the inflammatory markers IL-1β and LDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Renata Celi Lopes Toledo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eliza de Castro Moreira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil. and Faculdade Dinamica do Vale do Piranga - FADIP Rua G, 205, Bairro Paraiso, Ponte Nova CEP 35430-302, MG, Brazil
| | - Christiane Mileib Vasconcelos
- Plant Biotechnology Program, Vila Velha University, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n 21, Vila Velha, ES 29102-623, Brazil
| | | | - Lukiya Silva Campos Favarato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, ES 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36.570-900, Brazil.
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Ambulay JP, Rojas PA, Timoteo OS, Barreto TV, Colarossi A. Effect of the emulsion of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia huayabambana) oil on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats induced to obesity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Melo D, Machado TB, Oliveira MBPP. Chia seeds: an ancient grain trending in modern human diets. Food Funct 2019; 10:3068-3089. [PMID: 31086922 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in order to ensure adequate intake of nutrients to complement the normal diet, the consumption of seeds such as Salvia hispanica L. (commonly known as chia seeds) is increasing. For this reason, investigations concerning the composition and potential health effects of chia seeds are being carried out. Moreover, the recent approval of chia seeds as a Novel Food by the European Parliament allows its consumption and incorporation in a wide range of foods; thus, they have become widely available. Concerning their nutritional aspects, chia seeds are an excellent source of fat (20% to 34%), particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic (60%) and linoleic (20%) acids. Moreover, high levels of protein (16% to 26%), mainly prolamins, and dietary fibre contents (23% to 41%) have been reported. Vitamins (mostly B complex) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, among others) have also been described in appreciable amounts. Additionally, due to the absence of gluten, these seeds are appropriate for coeliac patients. Regarding other bioactive compounds, chia seeds are also a source of antioxidants, such as chlorogenic and caffeic acids, quercetin and kaempferol. Due to their described composition, chia seeds have been related to different medicinal effects, particularly anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities and positive effects on cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of chia seeds to provide an update of the knowledge about their morphology, nutritional and chemical composition, possible human health benefits and role as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Dep. Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Chen X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng X, Wang Y, Yu M, Liu G. Effects of the rs3834458 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in FADS2 on Levels of n-3 Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Meta-analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:1-6. [PMID: 31487670 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effects of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3834458 in the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (FADS2) on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels using statistical meta-analysis. METHODS Literatures pertaining to the relationship between the SNP rs3834458 and LC-PUFA were retrieved from three electronic databases. Original information was analyzed using RevMan 5.3, including single statistics, test for heterogeneity, summary statistics and evaluation of publication bias. RESULTS In total, five pieces of literature were retrieved and divided into seven trials. We observed that the minor allele (Tdel+deldel) carriers of rs3834458 had higher linolenic acid levels (P < 0.00001) and lower eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.00001), docosapentenoic acid (P = 0.005) and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.00001) levels compared to those of carrying major allele homozygote (TT). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that minor allele of rs3834458 in FADS2 may result in lower activity of delta-6 desaturase leading to higher ALA and lower EPA, DPA and DHA in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China; Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, Jilin 130051, China
| | - Yixia Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Bashir S, Sharma Y, Jairajpuri D, Rashid F, Nematullah M, Khan F. Alteration of adipose tissue immune cell milieu towards the suppression of inflammation in high fat diet fed mice by flaxseed oil supplementation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223070. [PMID: 31622373 PMCID: PMC6797118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of flaxseed oil (FXO) supplementation on adipose tissue macrophages (ATM’s), E and D series resolvin (Rv) levels and adipose tissue inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups (n = 5): lean group (given standard chow diet), HFD group given high fat diet (approx. 18 weeks) till they developed insulin resistance and 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg group (HFD group later orally supplemented with 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg body weight flaxseed oil) for 4 weeks.The present study showed that FXO supplementation led to enhanced DHA, EPA, RvE1-E2, RvD2, RvD5- D6, IL-4, IL-10 and arginase 1 levels in ATMs together with altered immune cell infiltration and reduced NF-κB expression. The FXO supplementation suppresses immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue and alters adipose tissue macrophage phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory state via enhancement of E and D series resolvins, arginase 1 expression and anti-inflammatory cytokines level (IL-4 and IL-10.) leading to amelioration of insulin resistance in flaxseed oil supplemented HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Bashir
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadhu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Jairajpuri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Faraz Rashid
- 121 DHR, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Md. Nematullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Fernández-Martínez E, Lira-Islas IG, Cariño-Cortés R, Soria-Jasso LE, Pérez-Hernández E, Pérez-Hernández N. Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12986. [PMID: 31489674 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) are rich in omega fatty acids. Dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis are diseases that require effective treatments in obese and non-obese patients. The aim was to evaluate the effect of chia intake on acute tyloxapol (TI)-induced dyslipidemia, on acute carbon tetrachloride (TC)-induced steatohepatitis, and on mixed damage (TC+TI) in non-obese rats. Four experimental groups were fed for 4 weeks a diet with established rodent food (DE), and four groups were fed a diet with 15% added chia (DC). Plasma samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, biochemical liver damage markers, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Liver samples were used to quantify glycogen, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α. A histopathological analysis was performed. DC intake partially or totally prevented steatohepatitis, and reduced lipids in the dyslipidemic groups. The hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia may be correlated to its high content of α-linolenic acid (omega-3) and phenolics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Metabolic syndrome is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are currently the most common causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for NAFLD and NASH. Non-obese patients may have NAFLD or NASH. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia are more strongly associated with NAFLD in non-obese than in obese patients. This is the first study evaluating the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed intake on acute dyslipidemia and/or steatohepatitis caused by the individual or combined administration of the inducers tyloxapol and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, in non-obese rats. The pharmacological effects of dietary chia are correlated to its high content of omega-3 and omega-6 (1:1), protein, dietary fiber, and phenolics. The results suggest that inclusion of chia in diets of non-obese patients with dyslipidemia and/or NAFLD/NASH may improve their health state and preventing cirrhosis or HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | - Ivet G Lira-Islas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | - Luis E Soria-Jasso
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México
| | | | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Videla LA. Combined docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone supplementation as a protocol supporting energy supply to precondition and afford protection against metabolic stress situations. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1211-1220. [PMID: 31091354 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver preconditioning (PC) refers to the development of an enhanced tolerance to injuring stimuli. For example, the protection from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in the liver that is obtained by previous maneuvers triggering beneficial molecular and functional changes. Recently, we have assessed the PC effects of thyroid hormone (T3; single dose of 0.1 mg/kg) and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs; daily doses of 450 mg/kg for 7 days) that abrogate IR injury to the liver. This feature is also achieved by a combined T3 and the n-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using a reduced period of supplementation of the FA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) and half of the T3 dosage (0.05 mg/kg). T3 -dependent protective mechanisms include (i) the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), AP-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) upregulating the expression of protective proteins. (ii) ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress affording proper protein folding. (iii) The autophagy response to produce FAs for oxidation and ATP supply and amino acids for protein synthesis. (iv) Downregulation of inflammasome nucleotide-bonding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin containing 3 and interleukin-1β expression to prevent inflammation. N-3 LCPUFAs induce antioxidant responses due to Nrf2 upregulation, with inflammation resolution being related to production of oxidation products and NF-κB downregulation. Energy supply to achieve liver PC is met by the combined DHA plus T3 protocol through upregulation of AMPK coupled to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α signaling. In conclusion, DHA plus T3 coadministration favors hepatic bioenergetics and lipid homeostasis that is of crucial importance in acute and clinical conditions such as IR, which may be extended to long-term or chronic situations including steatosis in obesity and diabetes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1211-1220, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Boskabady MH, Kaveh M, Shakeri F, Mohammadian Roshan N, Rezaee R. Alpha-linolenic acid ameliorates bronchial asthma features in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1089-1099. [PMID: 30993723 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced inflammation, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and pathological features was examined in rat. METHODS Total and differential WBC count and oxidant/antioxidant levels in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) as well as lung pathological features were investigated in five groups of rats including controls (group C), rats sensitized with OVA (group S) and S treated with either ALA (0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml) or dexamethasone. KEY FINDINGS As compared to group C, in OVA-sensitized rats, increases in WBC counts, levels of oxidant biomarkers and most pathological scores were observed while lymphocyte percentage and antioxidants levels decreased. Treatment with ALA (0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml) significantly reduced total WBC, NO2 and NO3 levels, interstitial fibrosis and emphysema compared to sensitized group. The higher dose of ALA also significantly decreased neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte counts, MDA levels and interstitial inflammation but increased lymphocyte counts, as well as antioxidants levels, compared to sensitized group. Dexamethasone administration led to a significant improvement of most factors compared to group S but had no effects on total WBC count, bleeding and epithelial damage. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-linolenic acid suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of airway inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kaveh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nama Mohammadian Roshan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tian JJ, Ji H, Wang YF, Xie J, Wang GJ, Li ZF, Yu EM, Yu DG, Zhang K, Gong WB. Lipid accumulation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed faba beans (Vicia faba L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:631-642. [PMID: 30460475 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Feeding faba beans (Vicia faba L.) to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) increases muscle compactness but decreases growth and motility. The lipid metabolism of grass carp was examined to assess potential effects of feeding faba beans on physiological properties using a total of 180 fish. The treatment group was fed faba beans for 120 days and a commercial diet for another 30 days. The control group received a commercial diet for 150 days. Fish were sampled every month. Weight gain was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control. Hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of the dorsal muscle increased significantly with the feeding faba beans from 30 to 120 days, which was not reversed by the subsequent feeding of commercial diet. Fat accumulation increased significantly in the treatment group as suggested by the condition factor, viscera index, hepatopancreatic index, and intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI), hepatopancreas, and muscle fat content but was not affected by subsequent feeding with the commercial diet. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the experimental diet group. In the hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat IPF, monounsaturated fatty acids showed significantly higher content in faba bean feeding fish, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid content showed the reversed pattern. In the hepatopancreas, the activities of the lipogenic enzymes malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were higher in the treatment than in the control group. Moreover, the treatment group showed lower mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate increasing lipid accumulation in the viscera of faba bean-fed grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Guang-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Er-Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - De-Guang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wang-Bao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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da Silva BP, Toledo RCL, Grancieri M, Moreira MEDC, Medina NR, Silva RR, Costa NMB, Martino HSD. Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on calcium bioavailability and inflammation in Wistar rats. Food Res Int 2019; 116:592-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Low-linoleic acid diet and oestrogen enhance the conversion of α-linolenic acid into DHA through modification of conversion enzymes and transcription factors. Br J Nutr 2018; 121:137-145. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractConversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) into the longer chain n-3 PUFA has been suggested to be affected by the dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), but the mechanism is not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-LA diet with and without oestrogen on the fatty acid conversion enzymes and transcription factors. Rats were fed a modified American Institute of Nutrition-93G diet with 0% n-3 PUFA or ALA, containing low or high amounts of LA for 12 weeks. At 8 weeks, the rats were injected with maize oil with or without 17β-oestradiol-3-benzoate (E) at constant intervals for the remaining 3 weeks. Both the low-LA diet and E significantly increased the hepatic expressions of PPAR-α, fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2, elongase of very long chain fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2) and ELOVL5 but decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein 1. The low-LA diet, but not E, increased the hepatic expression of FADS1, and E increased the hepatic expression of oestrogen receptor-α and β. The low-LA diet and E had synergic effects on serum and liver levels of DHA and on the hepatic expression of PPAR-α. In conclusion, the low-LA diet and oestrogen increased the conversion of ALA into DHA by upregulating the elongases and desaturases of fatty acids through regulating the expression of transcription factors. The low-LA diet and E had a synergic effect on serum and liver levels of DHA through increasing the expression of PPAR-α.
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Valenzuela R, Barrera C, Orellana Y, Almagià A, Arancibia V, Larraín C, Silva C, Billeke P, Zamorano F, Martínez V, Valenzuela A, Ivanovic D. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in erythrocytes and their association with the University Selection Test Outcomes in Chile. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 139:25-30. [PMID: 30471770 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantitate the relative impact of DHA and AA levels in erythrocytes, anthropometric parameters and socio-economic status of school-age children, of both genders, graduated from high school in Chile, on the scholastic achievement in the University Selection Test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria, PSU) both language scholastic achievement (LSA) and mathematics scholastic achievement (MSA). A representative sample of 671 school-age young graduated from high school in 2013, 550 and 548 of them took the PSU for LSA and MSA, respectively. Only school-age young with high (n = 91) and low (n = 69) SA in both tests were considered. A total of 122 school-age children agreed to participate in the study and were divided as follows: Group 1: high PSU outcome (n = 70; males n = 48) and Group 2: low PSU outcome (n = 52; males n = 23). Data were analyzed by means of SAS software. Independently of gender, DHA, socio-economic status and head circumference-for-age Z-score were the most relevant parameters explaining both LSA (R2 = 0.650; p < 0.0001) and MSA outcomes (R2 = 0.700; p < 0.0001). These results can be useful for nutrition, health and education planning, in order to protect children starting from an early age and thus increase their school outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasna Orellana
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Atilio Almagià
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Human Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Violeta Arancibia
- Center for Research in Education and Learning, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Larraín
- Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Silva
- Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Martínez
- Department of Commercial Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniza Ivanovic
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Metherel AH, Lacombe RS, Aristizabal Henao JJ, Morin-Rivron D, Kitson AP, Hopperton KE, Chalil D, Masoodi M, Stark KD, Bazinet RP. Two weeks of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation increases synthesis-secretion kinetics of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to 8 weeks of DHA supplementation. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 60:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Reyna Gallegos S, Torres Arrunátegui G, Valenzuela R, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Villanueva Espinoza ME. Adding a purple corn extract in rats supplemented with chia oil decreases gene expression of SREBP-1c and retains Δ5 and Δ6 hepatic desaturase activity, unmodified the hepatic lipid profile. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 132:1-7. [PMID: 29735017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids upregulate gene expression of PPAR-α and underregulate the gene expression of SREBP-1c, and their intake increases the plasmatic concentration of n-3 LC-PUFAs. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. In this work, the effect of oral supplementation of ALA from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil and anthocyanins from a purple corn extract (PCE) on gene expression of SREBP-1c, PPAR-α and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases (Δ5D and Δ6D), the activity of these enzymes in the liver as well as the hepatic lipid profile were evaluated in thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats whose diet was supplemented with olive oil (OL), chia oil (CH), olive oil and PCE (OL + PCE) or chia oil and PCE (CH + PCE). Gene expression of PPAR-α was significantly higher when supplemented with CH and CH + PCE, SREBP-1c gene expression was higher when supplemented with chia oil. CH supplementation enhanced Δ5D expression whereas no significant differences between treatments were observed concerning Δ6D gene expression. Activities of both desaturases were increased by including olive oil (OL + PCE and OL), and they were found to be higher in CH + PCE respect to CH for both enzymes. The ALA and n-3 LCPUFAs hepatic content was higher with CH, decreasing the levels of AA and n-6 LCPUFAs. It is concluded that the joint action of flavonoids such as anthocyanins and ALA show an anti-adipogenic effect. Desaturase activity was inhibited by ALA and kept by the anthocyanins from PCE, thus anthocyanins would exert a protective effect on the desaturase activity but they would not affect on its gene expression, however, high doses of ALA increased the production of its metabolites, masking the effect of PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixto Reyna Gallegos
- Nutrition Department, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú; Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Manabí, Ecuador.
| | | | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wei X, Shao X, Wei Y, Cheong L, Pan L, Tu K. Rapid detection of adulterated peony seed oil by electronic nose. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2152-2159. [PMID: 29892116 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peony seed oil has recently been introduced as a high-quality food oil. Because the high price of peony seed oil may tempt unscrupulous merchants to dilute it with cheaper substitutes, a rapid detection method for likely adulterants is required. In this study, the fatty acid composition of peony seed oil and four less expensive edible oils (soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil) were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Peony oil adulterated by other edible oils was assessed using iodine values to estimate the extent of adulteration. Adulteration was also measured using an electronic nose (E-nose) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) or linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Results indicated that peony seed oil was highly enriched in α-linolenic acid. Although the iodine value can be used to detect some adulterants by measuring unsaturation, it was not able to detect all four potential adulterants. In contrast, the E-nose can rapidly identify adulterated peony seed oil by sampling vapor. Data analyses using PCA and LDA show that LDA more effectively clusters the data, discriminates between pure and adulterated oil, and can detect adulteration at the 10% level. E-nose combined with LDA suitable for detection of peony seed oil adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Wei
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingzhi Cheong
- 1Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Tu
- 2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Alayón AN, Ortega Avila JG, Echeverri Jiménez I. Carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression of sirtuin 1 in healthy subjects after Sacha inchi oil supplementation: a randomized trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:1570-1577. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Sacha inchi oil improved insulin sensitivity in people with higher glycemic response after a fat load.
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