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Lubrano C, Parisi F, Cetin I. Impact of Maternal Environment and Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:453. [PMID: 38671901 PMCID: PMC11047368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During intrauterine life, external stimuli including maternal nutrition, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions, anxiety, stress, and air pollution can significantly impact fetal development. The human brain structures begin to form in the early weeks of gestation and continue to grow and mature throughout pregnancy. This review aims to assess, based on the latest research, the impact of environmental factors on fetal and neonatal brain development, showing that oxidative stress and inflammation are implied as a common factor for most of the stressors. Environmental insults can induce a maternal inflammatory state and modify nutrient supply to the fetus, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to significant consequences for brain morphogenesis and neurological outcomes. These risk factors are often synergic and mutually reinforcing. Fetal growth restriction and preterm birth represent paradigms of intrauterine reduced nutrient supply and inflammation, respectively. These mechanisms can lead to an increase in free radicals and, consequently, oxidative stress, with well-known adverse effects on the offspring's neurodevelopment. Therefore, a healthy intrauterine environment is a critical factor in supporting normal fetal brain development. Hence, healthcare professionals and clinicians should implement effective interventions to prevent and reduce modifiable risk factors associated with an increased inflammatory state and decreased nutrient supply during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lubrano
- Nutritional Sciences, Doctoral Programme (PhD), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
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Nakaki A, Crovetto F, Urru A, Piella G, Borras R, Comte V, Vellvé K, Paules C, Segalés L, Dacal M, Gomez Y, Youssef L, Casas R, Castro-Barquero S, Martín-Asuero A, Oller Guzmán T, Morilla I, Martínez-Àran A, Camacho A, Pascual Tutusaus M, Arranz A, Rebollo-Polo M, Gomez-Chiari M, Bargallo N, Pozo ÓJ, Gomez-Gomez A, Izquierdo Renau M, Eixarch E, Vieta E, Estruch R, Crispi F, Gonzalez-Ballester MA, Gratacós E. Effects of Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction on fetal and neonatal brain development: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101188. [PMID: 37839546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal suboptimal nutrition and high stress levels are associated with adverse fetal and infant neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate if structured lifestyle interventions involving a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction during pregnancy are associated with differences in fetal and neonatal brain development. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial Improving Mothers for a Better Prenatal Care Trial Barcelona that was conducted in Barcelona, Spain, from 2017 to 2020. Participants with singleton pregnancies were randomly allocated into 3 groups, namely Mediterranean diet intervention, stress reduction program, or usual care. Participants in the Mediterranean diet group received monthly individual sessions and free provision of extra-virgin olive oil and walnuts. Pregnant women in the stress reduction group underwent an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program adapted for pregnancy. Magnetic resonance imaging of 90 fetal brains was performed at 36 to 39 weeks of gestation and the Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale was completed for 692 newborns at 1 to 3 months. Fetal outcomes were the total brain volume and lobular or regional volumes obtained from a 3-dimensional reconstruction and semiautomatic segmentation of magnetic resonance images. Neonatal outcomes were the 6 clusters scores of the Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the interventions and the fetal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS When compared with the usual care group, the offspring exposed to a maternal Mediterranean diet had a larger total fetal brain volume (mean, 284.11 cm3; standard deviation, 23.92 cm3 vs 294.01 cm3; standard deviation, 26.29 cm3; P=.04), corpus callosum (mean, 1.16 cm3; standard deviation, 0.19 cm3 vs 1.26 cm3; standard deviation, 0.22 cm3; P=.03), and right frontal lobe (44.20; standard deviation, 4.09 cm3 vs 46.60; standard deviation, 4.69 cm3; P=.02) volumes based on magnetic resonance imaging measures and higher scores in the Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale clusters of autonomic stability (mean, 7.4; standard deviation, 0.9 vs 7.6; standard deviation, 0.7; P=.04), social interaction (mean, 7.5; standard deviation, 1.5 vs 7.8; standard deviation, 1.3; P=.03), and range of state (mean, 4.3; standard deviation, 1.3 vs 4.5; standard deviation, 1.0; P=.04). When compared with the usual care group, offspring from the stress reduction group had larger fetal left anterior cingulate gyri volume (1.63; standard deviation, 0.32 m3 vs 1.79; standard deviation, 0.30 cm3; P=.03) based on magnetic resonance imaging and higher scores in the Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale for regulation of state (mean, 6.0; standard deviation, 1.8 vs 6.5; standard deviation, 1.5; P<.01). CONCLUSION Maternal structured lifestyle interventions involving the promotion of a Mediterranean diet or stress reduction during pregnancy were associated with changes in fetal and neonatal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakaki
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Bargallo, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Department of Surgery and Surgical specializations, Faculty of Medicine and Helath Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Castro-Barquero, Arranz, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Drs Crovetto, Izquierdo Renau, and Gratacos)
| | - Andrea Urru
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Urru and Piella, Mr Comte, and Dr Gonzalez-Ballester)
| | - Gemma Piella
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Urru and Piella, Mr Comte, and Dr Gonzalez-Ballester)
| | - Roger Borras
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Mr Borras); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (Mr Borras and Dr Bargallo)
| | - Valentin Comte
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Urru and Piella, Mr Comte, and Dr Gonzalez-Ballester)
| | - Kilian Vellvé
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Cristina Paules
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Laura Segalés
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Marta Dacal
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Yvan Gomez
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Lina Youssef
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Campus, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Youssef)
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERON), Madrid, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch)
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERON), Madrid, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch)
| | - Andrés Martín-Asuero
- Instituto esMindfulness, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Martín-Asuero and Ms Oller Guzmán)
| | - Teresa Oller Guzmán
- Instituto esMindfulness, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Martín-Asuero and Ms Oller Guzmán)
| | - Ivette Morilla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Morilla, Martínez-Àran, and Vieta)
| | - Anabel Martínez-Àran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Morilla, Martínez-Àran, and Vieta)
| | - Alba Camacho
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Mireia Pascual Tutusaus
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Angela Arranz
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos)
| | - Monica Rebollo-Polo
- Diagnostic Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Dèu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Drs Rebollo-Polo and Gomez-Chiari); Radiology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Rebollo-Polo)
| | - Marta Gomez-Chiari
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Diagnostic Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Dèu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Drs Rebollo-Polo and Gomez-Chiari); Diagnostic Imaging Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Dr Gomez-Chiari)
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Bargallo, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (Mr Borras and Dr Bargallo); Radiology Department, Center of Image Diagnostic, Hospital Clínic. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Bargallo)
| | - Óscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Pozo and Gomez-Gomez)
| | - Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Pozo and Gomez-Gomez)
| | - Montserrat Izquierdo Renau
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Drs Crovetto, Izquierdo Renau, and Gratacos); Neonatology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Izquierdo Renau)
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Bargallo, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain (Drs Eixarch, Crispi, and Gratacos)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Morilla, Martínez-Àran, and Vieta)
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERON), Madrid, Spain (Drs Casas, Castro-Barquero, and Estruch)
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Bargallo, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain (Drs Eixarch, Crispi, and Gratacos).
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Urru and Piella, Mr Comte, and Dr Gonzalez-Ballester); ICREA, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Gonzalez-Ballester)
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Crovetto, Vellvé, Paules, Segalés, Ms Dacal, Drs Gomez, Youssef, Castro-Barquero, Mses Camacho and Pascual Tutsaus, and Drs Arranz, Gomez-Chairi, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (Drs Nakaki, Bargallo, Eixarch, Crispi and Gratacos); Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain (Drs Crovetto, Izquierdo Renau, and Gratacos); Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain (Drs Eixarch, Crispi, and Gratacos)
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Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Thakur S, Kaur AP, Singh K, Kaur R, Kaur M, Jain SK. Reference Range of Plasma Fatty Acids in North Indian Pregnant Population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:519-527. [PMID: 37746532 PMCID: PMC10516802 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Reference values for Fatty Acids (FAs) are not well defined in the Indian population. Therefore, it is critical to establish FAs reference range for the healthy non-pregnant and pregnant Indian population. The present multi-centric, and cross-sectional study determines the 95% reference interval for FAs in an apparently pregnant Indian population and compare it to the healthy non-pregnant women. Physicians identified 164 reference individuals as healthy (56 non-pregnant and 108 pregnant) at various government and private hospitals of northern India. The 95th and 97.5th percentile reference limits were used to estimate the 95 percentile of the reference distribution. The reference ranges observed for Alpha-linolenic acid (0.29-0.42%; 0.36-0.58%), Docosahexaenoic-acid (3.38-4.23%; 3.8-4.55%), Eicosapentaenoic-acid (1.24-1.76%; 1.09-1.62%), Docosapentaenoic-acid-3 (0.61-0.69%; 0.65-0.76%), Linoleic-acid (18.44-20.75%; 19.51-21.88%), gamma-linolenic-acid (0.24-0.35%; 0.32-0.42%), Eicosatrienoic-acid (0.26-0.32%; 0.34-0.39%), Arachidonic-acid (9.29-11.02%; 10.02-11.56%), Docosatetraenoic-acid (0.62-0.89%; 0.79-1.09%), Docosapentaenoic-acid-6 (0.23-0.31%; 0.33-0.41%), Eicosatrienoic-acid (1.17-1.41%; 1.43-1.74%), Eicosenoic-acid (0.28-0.38%; 0.37-0.49%), Nervonic-acid (1.39-1.69%; 1.41-1.74%), Palmitoleic-acid (1.17-1.58%; 2-2.66%), Oleic-acid (19.8-22.26%; 19.68-22.94%), Myristic-acid (1.16-1.68%; 0.82-1.3%), Palmitic-acid (20.05-21.8%; 20.7-22.43%), Stearic-acid (11.34-12.56%; 10.29-11.02%), Arachidic-acid (0.17-0.2%; 0.18-0.23%), Lignoceric-acid (0.81-1.08%; 0.77-1.08%), trans-palmitoleic-acid (0.22-0.29%; 0.26-0.37%), trans-oleic-acid (0.55-0.72%; 0.68-0.84%), trans-linoleic-acid (0.38-0.54%; 0.42-0.59%) respectively for non-pregnant and pregnant women. Furthermore, total FAs were significantly (p ≤ 0:05) higher in women aged 31-45 years than in women aged 16-30 years. whereas, there was no significant change in total FAs profile based on omega-supplementation, diet category, preterm-birth history, and gestation period. Thus, the current study provides information about an individual who is deficient in FAs and the dose required to increase FA concentrations in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Amrit Pal Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, 143001 Amritsar, India
| | - Kanwardeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, 143001 Amritsar, India
| | - Rajpinder Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Medical College, 143001 Amritsar, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Punjab School of Economics, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005 Amritsar, India
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005 Amritsar, India
- Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Co-ordinator, Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005 Amritsar, India
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Crovetto F, Nakaki A, Arranz A, Borras R, Vellvé K, Paules C, Boutet ML, Castro-Barquero S, Freitas T, Casas R, Martín-Asuero A, Oller Guzmán T, Morilla I, Martínez-Àran A, Camacho A, Pasqual M, Izquierdo Renau M, Pozo ÓJ, Gomez-Gomez A, Estruch R, Vieta E, Crispi F, Gratacós E. Effect of a Mediterranean Diet or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction During Pregnancy on Child Neurodevelopment: A Prespecified Analysis of the IMPACT BCN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2330255. [PMID: 37606923 PMCID: PMC10445211 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Maternal suboptimal nutrition and high stress levels are associated with adverse fetal and childhood neurodevelopment. Objective To test the hypothesis that structured interventions based on a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) during pregnancy improve child neurodevelopment at age 2 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prespecified analysis of the parallel-group Improving Mothers for a Better Prenatal Care Trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN) randomized clinical trial, which was conducted at a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from February 2017 to March 2020. A total of 1221 singleton pregnancies (19 to 23 weeks' gestation) with high risk of delivering newborns who were small for gestational age were randomly allocated into 3 groups: a Mediterranean diet intervention, an MBSR program, or usual care. A postnatal evaluation with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III), was performed. Data were analyzed from July to November 2022. Interventions Participants in the Mediterranean diet group received monthly individual and group educational sessions and free provision of extra virgin olive oil and walnuts. Those in the stress reduction group underwent an 8-week MBSR program adapted for pregnancy. Individuals in the usual care group received pregnancy care per institutional protocols. Main Outcomes and Measures Neurodevelopment in children was assessed by Bayley-III at 24 months of corrected postnatal age. Results A total of 626 children (293 [46.8%] female and 333 [53.2%] male) participated at a mean (SD) age of 24.8 (2.9) months. No differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between intervention groups. Compared with children from the usual care group, children in the Mediterranean diet group had higher scores in the cognitive domain (β, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.52-8.53; P = .005) and social-emotional domain (β, 5.15; 95% CI, 1.18-9.12; P = .01), whereas children from the stress reduction group had higher scores in the social-emotional domain (β, 4.75; 95% CI, 0.54-8.85; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance In this prespecified analysis of a randomized clinical trial, maternal structured lifestyle interventions during pregnancy based on a Mediterranean diet or MBSR significantly improved child neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03166332.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ayako Nakaki
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Arranz
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borras
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kilian Vellvé
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Paules
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Laura Boutet
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Freitas
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivette Morilla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Àran
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Camacho
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pasqual
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Izquierdo Renau
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Neonatology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar J. Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d′Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d′Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience Institute, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Crawford MA, Sinclair AJ, Hall B, Ogundipe E, Wang Y, Bitsanis D, Djahanbakhch OB, Harbige L, Ghebremeskel K, Golfetto I, Moodley T, Hassam A, Sassine A, Johnson MR. The imperative of arachidonic acid in early human development. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101222. [PMID: 36746351 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is about the role of arachidonic acid (ArA) in foetal and early growth and development. In 1975 and '76, we reported the preferential incorporation of ArA into the developing brain of rat pups, its conservation as a principal component in the brains of 32 mammalian species and the high proportion delivered by the human placenta for foetal nutrition, compared to its parent linoleic acid (LA). ArA is quantitatively the principal acyl component of membrane lipids from foetal red cells, mononuclear cells, astrocytes, endothelium, and placenta. Functionally, we present evidence that ArA, but not DHA, relaxes the foetal mesenteric arteries. The placenta biomagnifies ArA, doubling the proportion of the maternal level in cord blood. The proportions of ArA and its allies (di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), adrenic acid and ω6 docosapentaenoic acid) are similar or higher than the total of ω3 fatty acids in human milk, maintaining the abundant supply to the developing infant. Despite the evidence of the importance of ArA, the European Food Standard Agency, in 2014 rejected the joint FAO and WHO recommendation on the inclusion of ArA in infant formula, although they recommended DHA. The almost universal dominance of ArA in the membrane phosphoglycerides during human organogenesis and prenatal growth suggests that the importance of ArA and its allies in reproductive biology needs to be re-evaluated urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Crawford
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK; The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Hall
- The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Enitan Ogundipe
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK; The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Dimitrios Bitsanis
- The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK; EvexiaDiet dietetic practise, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Laurence Harbige
- The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK; School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, UK
| | | | - Ivan Golfetto
- The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK; Department of General Pathology and Physiopathology, Central University of Venezuela, Venezuela
| | - Therishnee Moodley
- The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK; Centre for Reproductive Medicine, St Bartholomew's, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - AnnieBelle Sassine
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK; The Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
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7
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Boots A, Wiegersma AM, Vali Y, van den Hof M, Langendam MW, Limpens J, Backhouse EV, Shenkin SD, Wardlaw JM, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review on prenatal risk factors for Alzheimer's disease-related volumetric brain biomarkers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105019. [PMID: 36608918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures including toxins and nutrition may hamper the developing brain in utero, limiting the brain's reserve capacity and increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize all currently available evidence for the association between prenatal exposures and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers. We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies in humans reporting on associations between prenatal exposure(s) and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers, including whole brain volume (WBV), hippocampal volume (HV) and/or temporal lobe volume (TLV) measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (PROSPERO; CRD42020169317). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We identified 79 eligible studies (search date: August 30th, 2020; Ntotal=24,784; median age 10.7 years) reporting on WBV (N = 38), HV (N = 63) and/or TLV (N = 5) in exposure categories alcohol (N = 30), smoking (N = 7), illicit drugs (N = 14), mental health problems (N = 7), diet (N = 8), disease, treatment and physiology (N = 10), infections (N = 6) and environmental exposures (N = 3). Overall risk of bias was low. Prenatal exposure to alcohol, opioids, cocaine, nutrient shortage, placental dysfunction and maternal anemia was associated with smaller brain volumes. We conclude that the prenatal environment is important in shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boots
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A M Wiegersma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Vali
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M van den Hof
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Langendam
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Limpens
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Library, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands
| | - E V Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S D Shenkin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Ageing and Health Research Group and Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - J M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - T J Roseboom
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S R de Rooij
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Lamarre J, Cheema SK, Robertson GJ, Wilson DR. Foraging on anthropogenic food predicts problem-solving skills in a seabird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157732. [PMID: 35931163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Species and populations with greater cognitive performance are more successful at adapting to changing habitats. Accordingly, urban species and populations often outperform their rural counterparts on problem-solving tests. Paradoxically, urban foraging also might be detrimental to the development and integrity of animals' brains because anthropogenic foods often lack essential nutrients such as the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are important for cognitive performance in mammals and possibly birds. We tested whether urbanization or consumption of EPA and DHA are associated with problem-solving abilities in ring-billed gulls, a seabird that historically exploited marine environments rich in omega-3 fatty acids but now also thrives in urban centres. Using incubating adults nesting across a range of rural to urban colonies with equal access to the ocean, we tested whether urban gulls preferentially consumed anthropogenic food while rural nesters relied on marine organisms. As we expected individual variation in foraging habits within nesting location, we characterized each captured gulls' diet using stable isotope and fatty acid analyses of their red blood cells. To test their problem-solving abilities, we presented the sampled birds with a horizontal rendition of the string-pull test, a foraging puzzle often used in animal cognitive studies. The isotopic and fatty acid profiles of urban nesters indicated a diet comprising primarily anthropogenic food, whereas the profiles of rural nesters indicated a high reliance on marine organisms. Despite the gulls' degree of access to urban foraging habitat not predicting solving success, birds with biochemical profiles reflecting anthropogenic food (less DHA and a higher carbon-13 ratio in their red blood cells) had a greater probability of solving the string-pull test. These results suggest that experience foraging on anthropogenic food is the main explanatory factor leading to successful problem-solving, while regular consumption of omega-3s during incubation appears inconsequential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Lamarre
- Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada.
| | - Sukhinder Kaur Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Mount Pearl, Canada
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
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9
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Khalid W, Gill P, Arshad MS, Ali A, Ranjha MMAN, Mukhtar S, Afzal F, Maqbool Z. Functional behavior of DHA and EPA in the formation of babies brain at different stages of age, and protect from different brain-related diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Poonam Gill
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | | | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Crawford MA, Wang Y, Marsh DE, Johnson MR, Ogundipe E, Ibrahim A, Rajkumar H, Kowsalya S, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Neurodevelopment, nutrition and genetics. A contemporary retrospective on neurocognitive health on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 180:102427. [PMID: 35413515 PMCID: PMC9152880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In celebration of the centenary of the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India (1918-2018), a symposium highlighted the progress in nutrition knowledge made over the century, as well as major gaps in implementation of that knowledge. Brain famine caused by a shortage of nutrients required for perinatal brain development has unfortunately become a global reality, even as protein-calorie famine was largely averted by the development of high yield crops. While malnutrition remains widespread, the neglect of global food policies that support brain development and maintenance are most alarming. Brain disorders now top the list of the global burden of disease, even with obesity rising throughout the world. Neurocognitive health, remarkably, is seldom listed among the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is therefore seldom considered as a component of food policy. Most notably, the health of mothers before conception and through pregnancy as mediated by proper nutrition has been neglected by the current focus on early death in non-neurocognitive NCDs, thereby compromising intellectual development of the ensuing generations. Foods with balanced essential fatty acids and ample absorbable micronutrients are plentiful for populations with access to shore-based foods, but deficient only a few kilometres away from the sea. Sustained access to brain supportive foods is a priority for India and throughout the world to enable each child to develop to their intellectual potential, and support a prosperous, just, and peaceful world. Nutrition education and food policy should place the nutritional requirements for the brain on top of the list of priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Crawford
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E Marsh
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enitan Ogundipe
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Kowsalya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J T Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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12
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Gustafson KM, Liao K, Mathis NB, Shaddy DJ, Kerling EH, Christifano DN, Colombo J, Carlson SE. Prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation has long-term effects on childhood behavioral and brain responses during performance on an inhibitory task. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:80-90. [PMID: 31957558 PMCID: PMC7369249 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1712535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Offsprings from a prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation trial, in which pregnant women were assigned to placebo or 600mg DHA/day, were followed to determine the effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the behavior and brain function at 5.5 years (n=81 placebo, n=86 supplemented).Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded during a visual task requiring a button press (Go) to frequent target stimuli and response inhibition to the rare stimuli (No-Go). Univariate ANOVAs were used to test differences between group and sex for behavioral measures. ERP differences were tested using a three-way mixed-design multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: There was a significant sex × group interaction for hit rate and errors of omission; there was no difference between males and females in the placebo group, but DHA males outperformed DHA females. Males overall and the placebo group made more errors requiring response inhibition; DHA females were significantly better than placebo females and DHA males. ERP P2 amplitude was larger in the DHA group. A significant N2 amplitude condition effect was observed in females and DHA group males, but not in placebo group males.Discussion: Prenatal DHA supplementation improved inhibitory performance overall, especially for females in the DHA group, possibly accounting for their conservative behavior during Go trials. Development of brain regions responsible for visual processing may be sensitive to maternal DHA status, evidenced by greater P2 amplitude. Males may benefit more from maternal DHA supplementation, indicated by the N2 condition effect seen only in males in the DHA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS, USA,Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kathleen M. Gustafson, PhD, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1052, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160. Voice: 913-588-0065, Fax: 913-588-9071,
| | - Ke Liao
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nicole B. Mathis
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS, USA,Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - D. Jill Shaddy
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Kerling
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Danielle N. Christifano
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John Colombo
- Department of Psychology/Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susan E. Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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13
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Dufford AJ, Spann M, Scheinost D. How prenatal exposures shape the infant brain: Insights from infant neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:47-58. [PMID: 34536461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain development during the prenatal period is rapid and unparalleled by any other time during development. Biological systems undergoing rapid development are at higher risk for disorganizing influences. Therefore, certain prenatal exposures impact brain development, increasing risk for negative neurodevelopmental outcome. While prenatal exposures have been associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes later in life, the underlying macroscopic brain pathways remain unclear. Here, we review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating the association between prenatal exposures and infant brain development focusing on prenatal exposures via maternal physical health factors, maternal mental health factors, and maternal drug and medication use. Further, we discuss the need for studies to consider multiple prenatal exposures in parallel and suggest future directions for this body of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Spann
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, USA; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Sugimori N, Hamazaki K, Matsumura K, Kasamatsu H, Tsuchida A, Inadera H. Association between mothers' fish intake during pregnancy and infants' sleep duration: a nationwide longitudinal study-The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:679-686. [PMID: 34505173 PMCID: PMC8854241 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which are an important nutrient for humans, are particularly essential to the growth and development of the central nervous system (CNS) in fetuses and infants. Consequently, sufficient n-3 PUFA intake by mothers during pregnancy is considered to contribute to CNS development in their infants. CNS development is known to be associated with sleep, but no large epidemiological studies have yet confirmed that n-3 PUFA intake during pregnancy is associated with infants’ sleep. Methods After exclusion and multiple imputation from a dataset comprising 104 065 records from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), we examined 87 337 mother–child pairs for the association between mothers’ fish and n-3 PUFA intakes and risk of their infants sleeping less than 11 h at 1 year of age. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis with the lowest quintile used as a reference revealed odds ratios for the second through fifth quintiles of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.76–0.87), 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.87), 0.78 (95% CI 0.72–0.84), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.88) for fish intake (p for trend < 0.001) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.84–0.97), 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.94), 0.88 (95% CI 0.82–0.95), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–0.998) for n-3 PUFA intake (p for trend = 0.04). Conclusions Low fish intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of infants sleeping less than 11 h at 1 year of age. This relationship may have been mediated by maternal n-3 PUFA intake and infant neurodevelopment, but further evidence from interventional and other studies is needed to determine the appropriate level of fish intake during pregnancy. Trial registration The Japan Environment and Children’s Study, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000035091 (Registration no. UMIN000030786). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02671-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Sugimori
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Kasamatsu
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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15
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Zou R, El Marroun H, Voortman T, Hillegers M, White T, Tiemeier H. Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and offspring brain development in childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:124-133. [PMID: 33742211 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests an association of maternal PUFA concentrations during pregnancy with child cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes such as intelligence and autistic traits. However, little is known about prenatal maternal PUFAs in relation to child brain development, which may underlie these associations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of maternal PUFA status during pregnancy with child brain morphology, including volumetric and white matter microstructure measures. METHODS This study was embedded in a prospective population-based study. In total, 1553 mother-child dyads of Dutch origin were included. Maternal plasma glycerophospholipid PUFAs were assessed in midpregnancy. Child brain morphologic outcomes, including total gray and white matter volumes, as well as white matter microstructure quantified by global fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, were measured using MRI (including diffusion tensor imaging) at age 9-11 y. RESULTS Maternal ω-3 (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations during pregnancy had an inverted U-shaped relation with child total gray volume (linear term: β: 16.7; 95% CI: 2.0, 31.5; quadratic term: β: -1.1; 95% CI: -2.1, -0.07) and total white matter volume (linear term: β: 15.7; 95% CI: 3.6, 27.8; quadratic term: β: -1.0; 95% CI: -1.8, -0.16). Maternal gestational ω-6 LC-PUFA concentrations did not predict brain volumetric differences in children, albeit the linolenic acid concentration was inversely associated with child total white matter volume. Maternal PUFA status during pregnancy was not related to child white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient maternal ω-3 PUFAs during pregnancy may be related to more optimal child brain development in the long term. In particular, exposure to lower ω-3 PUFA concentrations in fetal life was associated with less brain volume in childhood. Maternal ω-6 LC-PUFAs were not related to child brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041074. [PMID: 33806218 PMCID: PMC8066148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.
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17
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Powell TL, Barner K, Madi L, Armstrong M, Manke J, Uhlson C, Jansson T, Ferchaud-Roucher V. Sex-specific responses in placental fatty acid oxidation, esterification and transfer capacity to maternal obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158861. [PMID: 33321178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism and oxidation capacity in the placenta, which likely affects the rate and composition of lipid delivered to the fetus remains poorly understood. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are critical for fetal growth and brain development. We determined the impact of maternal obesity on placental fatty acid oxidation, esterification and transport capacity by measuring PhosphatidylCholine (PC) and LysoPhosphatidylCholine (LPC) containing DHA by mass spectrometry in mother-placenta-baby triads as well as placental free carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolites in women with normal and obese pre-pregnancy BMI. Placental protein expression of enzymes involved in beta-oxidation and esterification pathways, MFSD2a (lysophosphatidylcholine transporter) and OCTN2 (carnitine transporter) expression in syncytiotrophoblast microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) membranes were determined by Western Blot. Maternal obesity was associated with decreased umbilical cord plasma DHA in LPC and PC fractions in male, but not female, fetuses. Basal membrane MFSD2a protein expression was increased in placenta of males of obese mothers. In female placentas, despite an increased MVM OCTN2 expression, maternal obesity was associated with a reduced MUFA-carnitine levels and increased esterification enzymes. We speculate that lower DHA-PL in fetal circulation of male offspring of obese mothers, despite a significant increase in transporter expression for LPC-DHA, may lead to low DHA needed for brain development contributing to neurological consequences that are more prevalent in male children. Female placentas likely have reduced beta-oxidation capacity and appear to store FA through greater placental esterification, suggesting impaired placenta function and lipid transfer in female placentas of obese mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kelsey Barner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lana Madi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Nantes, INRAe UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, CHU Nantes University Hospital, CRNH Ouest, 44000 Nantes, France.
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18
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Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Status during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Infant Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123615. [PMID: 33255561 PMCID: PMC7759779 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components are essential for the structural and functional development of the brain. Among these, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), is critically necessary for the structure and development of the growing fetal brain in utero. DHA is the major n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain gray matter representing about 15% of all fatty acids in the human frontal cortex. DHA affects neurogenesis, neurotransmitter, synaptic plasticity and transmission, and signal transduction in the brain. Data from human and animal studies suggest that adequate levels of DHA in neural membranes are required for maturation of cortical astrocyte, neurovascular coupling, and glucose uptake and metabolism. Besides, some metabolites of DHA protect from oxidative tissue injury and stress in the brain. A low DHA level in the brain results in behavioral changes and is associated with learning difficulties and dementia. In humans, the third trimester-placental supply of maternal DHA to the growing fetus is critically important as the growing brain obligatory requires DHA during this window period. Besides, DHA is also involved in the early placentation process, essential for placental development. This underscores the importance of maternal intake of DHA for the structural and functional development of the brain. This review describes DHA’s multiple roles during gestation, lactation, and the consequences of its lower intake during pregnancy and postnatally on the 2019 brain development and function.
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19
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Ogundipe E, Samuelson S, Crawford MA. Gestational diabetes mellitus prediction? A unique fatty acid profile study. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32999269 PMCID: PMC7528007 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate whether women at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a unique fatty acid profile compared to women considered normal healthy controls (NHC). Methods Three hundred pregnant women were randomized to a control group (NHC) (n = 50) and to one of three high risk groups (n = 250), one of which was GDM (n = 50). At recruitment participants’ booking bloods were taken and analyzed for lipid profiles. The GDM group’s fatty acid profile is reported here. Results GDM women compared to NHC had elevated levels of omega 6 (n-6) fatty acids compared to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (p = 0.01), of linoleic acid (LA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) p = 0.001, sequentially distorted levels of n-6 fatty acids LA and arachidonic acid (ArA) p = 0.035, as well as significantly depressed levels of n-3 DHA (p = 0.01). Conclusion This paper shows that GDM women have a unique fatty acid profile with elevated levels of n-6 fats, depressed levels of n-3 fats and an abnormal pattern of sequential n-6 metabolism. This profile probably results from a combination of factors including underexpression and or poor utilization of desaturase enzymes, suboptimal dietary fatty acids intake, poor micronutrient status or dysbiosis of the microbiome. These results help inform development of a clinical predictive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitan Ogundipe
- Neonatal Unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Saidee Samuelson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 3rd Floor, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Lipid Biochemistry), Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 3rd Floor, 369 Fulham Road, SW10 9NH, London, UK
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20
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Valentine CJ. Nutrition and the developing brain. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:190-191. [PMID: 31673115 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Valentine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4407 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267 0526, USA.
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21
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Derbyshire E. Oily Fish and Omega-3s Across the Life Stages: A Focus on Intakes and Future Directions. Front Nutr 2019; 6:165. [PMID: 31781570 PMCID: PMC6861329 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a tendency to report oily fish intakes for adults collectively. This means that certain population groups tend to be overlooked. The purpose of the present article is to derive and evaluate oily fish and omega-3 intakes across the lifespan. Methods: A secondary analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (years 2008–2016) was undertaken. Data from n = 2,949 participants ≥4 years was analyzed. Alongside this, data was extracted from surveys published within the last 5-years reporting omega-3 intakes. Results: Overall, only a quarter (25.2%) of the UK population are oily fish consumers. Amongst those eating oily fish only 7.3% of children, 12.8% of teenagers, and 15.6% of young adults (20–29 years) met oily fish recommendations. Mean intakes of oily fish ranged between 3.4 and 19.1 g/day. Females aged 30–39 and 60–69 years had significantly lower daily oily fish intakes than males (P = 0.05 and P = 0.049) although their intakes were higher than men in their fifties (P = 0.048). Between 2008 and 2016 oily fish intakes have remained relatively stable although a significant decline was seen amongst those aged 50–59 years (P = 0.048). Survey data (n = 10 publications) showed that EPA and DHA intakes were consistently lower than guidelines, with children, teenagers, females, and pregnant women having some of the largest dietary gaps. Conclusions: Younger generations, women of childbearing age and pregnant mothers appear to be at particular risk of oily fish and omega-3 shortfalls. Declining EPA and DHA profiles of farmed fish and plant-based food movements are only likely to exacerbate already inadequate intakes. Urgent public health campaigns are needed to improve UK intakes, which should include a combined approach of dietary and supplemental sources.
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Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, Shepherd E, Olsen SF, Makrides M. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD003402. [PMID: 30480773 PMCID: PMC6516961 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003402.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of foods containing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), such as fish, during pregnancy have been associated with longer gestations and improved perinatal outcomes. This is an update of a review that was first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of omega-3 LCPUFA, as supplements or as dietary additions, during pregnancy on maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes and longer-term outcomes for mother and child. SEARCH METHODS For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (16 August 2018), and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing omega-3 fatty acids (as supplements or as foods, stand-alone interventions, or with a co-intervention) during pregnancy with placebo or no omega-3, and studies or study arms directly comparing omega-3 LCPUFA doses or types. Trials published in abstract form were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, assessed risk of bias in trials and assessed quality of evidence for prespecified birth/infant, maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS In this update, we included 70 RCTs (involving 19,927 women at low, mixed or high risk of poor pregnancy outcomes) which compared omega-3 LCPUFA interventions (supplements and food) compared with placebo or no omega-3. Overall study-level risk of bias was mixed, with selection and performance bias mostly at low risk, but there was high risk of attrition bias in some trials. Most trials were conducted in upper-middle or high-income countries; and nearly half the trials included women at increased/high risk for factors which might increase the risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes.Preterm birth < 37 weeks (13.4% versus 11.9%; risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.97; 26 RCTs, 10,304 participants; high-quality evidence) and early preterm birth < 34 weeks (4.6% versus 2.7%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.77; 9 RCTs, 5204 participants; high-quality evidence) were both lower in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Prolonged gestation > 42 weeks was probably increased from 1.6% to 2.6% in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3 (RR 1.61 95% CI 1.11 to 2.33; 5141 participants; 6 RCTs; moderate-quality evidence).For infants, there was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.03; 10 RCTs, 7416 participants; moderate-quality evidence: 62/3715 versus 83/3701 infants) and possibly fewer neonatal care admissions (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03; 9 RCTs, 6920 participants; moderate-quality evidence - 483/3475 infants versus 519/3445 infants). There was a reduced risk of low birthweight (LBW) babies (15.6% versus 14%; RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.99; 15 trials, 8449 participants; high-quality evidence); but a possible small increase in large-for-gestational age (LGA) babies (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.36; 6 RCTs, 3722 participants; moderate-quality evidence, for omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. Little or no difference in small-for-gestational age or intrauterine growth restriction (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.13; 8 RCTs, 6907 participants; moderate-quality evidence) was seen.For the maternal outcomes, there is insufficient evidence to determine the effects of omega-3 on induction post-term (average RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.98; 3 trials, 2900 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal serious adverse events (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.72; 2 trials, 2690 participants; low-quality evidence), maternal admission to intensive care (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.12 to 2.63; 2 trials, 2458 participants; low-quality evidence), or postnatal depression (average RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.77; 2 trials, 2431 participants; low-quality evidence). Mean gestational length was greater in women who received omega-3 LCPUFA (mean difference (MD) 1.67 days, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.39; 41 trials, 12,517 participants; moderate-quality evidence), and pre-eclampsia may possibly be reduced with omega-3 LCPUFA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.01; 20 trials, 8306 participants; low-quality evidence).For the child/adult outcomes, very few differences between antenatal omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and no omega-3 were observed in cognition, IQ, vision, other neurodevelopment and growth outcomes, language and behaviour (mostly low-quality to very low-quality evidence). The effect of omega-3 LCPUFA on body mass index at 19 years (MD 0, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.83; 1 trial, 243 participants; very low-quality evidence) was uncertain. No data were reported for development of diabetes in the children of study participants. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, preterm birth < 37 weeks and early preterm birth < 34 weeks were reduced in women receiving omega-3 LCPUFA compared with no omega-3. There was a possibly reduced risk of perinatal death and of neonatal care admission, a reduced risk of LBW babies; and possibly a small increased risk of LGA babies with omega-3 LCPUFA.For our GRADE quality assessments, we assessed most of the important perinatal outcomes as high-quality (e.g. preterm birth) or moderate-quality evidence (e.g. perinatal death). For the other outcome domains (maternal, child/adult and health service outcomes) GRADE ratings ranged from moderate to very low, with over half rated as low. Reasons for downgrading across the domain were mostly due to design limitations and imprecision.Omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy is an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of preterm birth, although it probably increases the incidence of post-term pregnancies. More studies comparing omega-3 LCPUFA and placebo (to establish causality in relation to preterm birth) are not needed at this stage. A further 23 ongoing trials are still to report on over 5000 women, so no more RCTs are needed that compare omega-3 LCPUFA against placebo or no intervention. However, further follow-up of completed trials is needed to assess longer-term outcomes for mother and child, to improve understanding of metabolic, growth and neurodevelopment pathways in particular, and to establish if, and how, outcomes vary by different types of omega-3 LCPUFA, timing and doses; or by characteristics of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Middleton
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Judith C Gomersall
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Jacqueline F Gould
- The University of AdelaideSchool of PsychologyNorth Terrace, AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5001
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Statens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Department of EpidemiologyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maria Makrides
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteWomen's and Children's Hospital72 King William RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
- The University of AdelaideSchool of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthAdelaideAustraliaAustralia
- Women's and Children's Health Research InstituteNorth AdelaideAustralia
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