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Deciphering the Effect of Different Genetic Variants on Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in the General Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021120. [PMID: 36674637 PMCID: PMC9861136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to disentangle the effects of various genetic factors on hippocampal subfield volumes using three different approaches: a biologically driven candidate gene approach, a hypothesis-free GWAS approach, and a polygenic approach, where AD risk alleles are combined with a polygenic risk score (PRS). The impact of these genetic factors was investigated in a large dementia-free general population cohort from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, n = 1806). Analyses were performed using linear regression models adjusted for biological and environmental risk factors. Hippocampus subfield volume alterations were found for APOE ε4, BDNF Val, and 5-HTTLPR L allele carriers. In addition, we were able to replicate GWAS findings, especially for rs17178139 (MSRB3), rs1861979 (DPP4), rs7873551 (ASTN2), and rs572246240 (MAST4). Interaction analyses between the significant SNPs as well as the PRS for AD revealed no significant results. Our results confirm that hippocampal volume reductions are influenced by genetic variation, and that different variants reveal different association patterns that can be linked to biological processes in neurodegeneration. Thus, this study underlines the importance of specific genetic analyses in the quest for acquiring deeper insights into the biology of hippocampal volume loss, memory impairment, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Garvert L, Kirchner K, Grabe HJ, Van der Auwera S. Genome-wide gene-gene interaction of the 5-HTTLPR promoter polymorphism emphasizes the important role of neuroplasticity in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110614. [PMID: 35977647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting depressive disorders. GWAS results support the heterogeneity of depression as a disorder affected by a large number of genetic variants with mainly small effect sizes. However, not much is known about the interplay of different genetic risk factors. Moreover, recent studies are questioning the role of common candidate genes in the development of depressive disorders. One such candidate variant is the serotonin-transporter-promoter-polymorphism 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene. We hypothesize that 5-HTTLPR exerts its effect on depressive disorders in interaction with other genetic variants. In the present study we test this hypothesis using a genome-wide gene-gene interaction approach on a large sample from the UK Biobank (N = 127,558). We identified a region in the DPF1 gene that displayed a genome-wide significant (p = 3.31 × 10-7) interaction effect with the biallelic version of 5-HTTLPR on lifetime depression. DPF1 has not previously been described as risk factor for depressive disorders but is exclusively expressed in the brain as a major regulator of neuronal development and neuroplasticity. This study stresses the need for further analyses that take into consideration the fact that genetic variants do operate in biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Garvert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Kevin Kirchner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Nestor PG, Choate Hasler V, O'Donovan K, Lapp HE, Boodai SB, Hunter R. Psychiatric risk and resilience: Plasticity genes and positive mental health. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02137. [PMID: 33932264 PMCID: PMC8213923 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis has long played a key role in diathesis-stress models of schizophrenia. More recent studies, however, have called for extending the boundaries of the ARMS construct beyond attenuated psychosis in nonhelp-seeking samples to include not only other vulnerability indicators but also protective factors related to genotype, mental health, personality, and cognition. METHOD Accordingly, we assessed in a sample of 100 college students, the ARMS construct with the Brief Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-B) for psychosis, in conjunction with measures of positive mental health, childhood adversity, psychiatric symptoms, personality traits, social cognition, and genetic variables derived from assays of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). RESULTS Higher PQ-B scores correlated positively with vulnerability indicators of childhood adversity and heightened levels of a wide variety of psychiatric symptoms but correlated negatively with protective factors of better overall mental health, social cognition as well as with a distinct NEO profile marked by reduced neuroticism and elevated agreeableness and conscientiousness. Multivariate analyses indicated that a composite ARMS measure comprised of PQ-B scores plus anxiety and depression symptoms revealed significant genotype differences, with lowest risk and highest resilience for allelic carriers of 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF Met polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Results provided support for extending the ARMS construct, pointing to important contributions of personality, social cognition, and genes that support neural plasticity in mitigating vulnerability and enhancing resilience and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Nestor
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
- Laboratory of NeuroscienceHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Keira O'Donovan
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - Hannah E. Lapp
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - Sara B. Boodai
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - Richard Hunter
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
- Laboratory of NeuroendocrinologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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Van der Auwera S, Terock J, Teumer A, Schomerus G, Homuth G, Grabe HJ. Sex effects for the interaction of dopamine related genetic variants for COMT and BDNF on declarative memory performance. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12737. [PMID: 33876571 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors are assumed to contribute to memory performance, especially genes affecting the dopaminergic neurotransmission. We aimed to evaluate leading functional genetic variants of the dopamine system, Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) SNP rs4680 and Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) SNP rs6265, previously found to be associated with memory performance. In two independent general population cohorts (total N = 5937) we investigated direct and interaction effects between COMT and BDNF SNPs on declarative memory performance. We found significant two-way interactions for COMT and BDNF in both cohorts but no direct genetic effects. Sensitivity analyses revealed that an interaction between COMT and BDNF was mainly carried by females. While direct associations of COMT and BDNF on memory have been reported previously, we could demonstrate that the interaction of COMT and BDNF is sex-dependent and more complex and needs further investigation. Our results could be demonstrated in two independent cohorts of valuable size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
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Nestor PG, Hasler VC, O'Donovan K, Lapp HE, Boodai SB, Hunter R. In search of positive mental health: Personality profiles and genetic polymorphisms. Stress Health 2021; 37:310-319. [PMID: 33049110 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals vary greatly in their mental health and these differences may play a critical role in stress resistance, risk reduction and illness recovery. Here we ask how these differences may be related to normal variation in personality and genotype. One hundred healthy college students completed measures of mental health (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form [MHC-SF]), personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory) and adverse childhood experiences. Participants also provided saliva samples, genotyped for both the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), each assayed for naturally occurring polymorphisms, 5-HTTLPR (short/long) and BDNF (valine/methionine). Mental health correlated strongly with the NEO triad of conscientiousness-extraversion-neuroticism, with largest contributions to MHC-SF scores for conscientiousness, followed by extraversion and then neuroticism. The personality trait interaction of extraversion × conscientiousness uniquely accounted for approximately 44.22% 44.62% of the variance in MHC-SF scores. Polygenic comparisons showed a significant gene × gene interaction, with highest mental health for 5-HTTLPR-S, Met carriers. Together these results provided support for distinct yet interacting roles of personality and genetics in the phenotypical expression of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria Choate Hasler
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keira O'Donovan
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara B Boodai
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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Schiele MA, Reif A, Lin J, Alpers GW, Andersson E, Andersson G, Arolt V, Bergström J, Carlbring P, Eley TC, Esquivel G, Furmark T, Gerlach AL, Hamm A, Helbig-Lang S, Hudson JL, Lang T, Lester KJ, Lindefors N, Lonsdorf TB, Pauli P, Richter J, Rief W, Roberts S, Rück C, Schruers KRJ, Thiel C, Wittchen HU, Domschke K, Weber H, Lueken U. Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:105-120. [PMID: 33483252 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders. We investigated both categorical (symptom reduction of at least 50%) and dimensional outcomes from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Original data were obtained from ten independent samples (including three unpublished samples) with a total of 2,195 patients with primary anxiety disorder. No significant effects of 5-HTTLPR genotype on categorical or dimensional outcomes at post and follow-up were detected. We conclude that current evidence does not support the hypothesis of 5-HTTLPR as a moderator of treatment outcome for CBT in anxiety disorders. Future research should address whether other factors such as long-term changes or epigenetic processes may explain further variance in these complex gene-environment interactions and molecular-genetic pathways that may confer behavioral change following psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Evelyn Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute of Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Bergström
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thalia C Eley
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Esquivel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands and Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander L Gerlach
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfons Hamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sylvia Helbig-Lang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Hudson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Lang
- Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, Bremen, Germany; Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathryn J Lester
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Lindefors
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina B Lonsdorf
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Roberts
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Rück
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koen R J Schruers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands and Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiane Thiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Otten D, Tibubos AN, Schomerus G, Brähler E, Binder H, Kruse J, Ladwig KH, Wild PS, Grabe HJ, Beutel ME. Similarities and Differences of Mental Health in Women and Men: A Systematic Review of Findings in Three Large German Cohorts. Front Public Health 2021; 9:553071. [PMID: 33614574 PMCID: PMC7892592 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.553071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Germany, large, population-based cohort studies have been implemented in order to identify risk and protective factors for maintaining health across the life span. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse findings from three large ongoing cohorts and to identify sex-specific prevalence rates, risk and protective factors for mental health. Published studies from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg (KORA), the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)), representing the southern, north-eastern and middle parts of Germany, were identified through searches of the databases PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 52 articles was identified from the start of each cohort until June 2019. Articles reporting prevalence rates of mental health [N = 22], explanatory factors for mental health [N = 25], or both [N = 5] were identified. Consistent across cohorts, higher prevalence rates of internalizing disorders were found for women and more externalizing disorders for men. Risk and protective factors for mental health included social factors, lifestyle, physical health, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, genetic and biological factors. In all areas, differences and similarities were found between women and men. The most evident were the sex-specific risk profiles for depression with mostly external risk factors for men and internal risk factors for women. Gender was not assessed directly, therefore we examined whether socioeconomic and family-related factors reflecting gender roles or institutionalized gender could be used as a proxy for gender. Overall, this systematic review shows differences and similarities in prevalence rates and determinants of mental health indicators between women and men. They underline the importance of focussing on sex specific approaches in mental health research and in the development of prevention measures. Current research on mental health still lacks focus on gender aspects. Therefore, an increased focus on sex and gender in mental health research is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N. Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Freiburg Center of Data Analysis and Modelling, Mathematical Institute, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Vitamin D moderates the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and childhood abuse in depressive disorders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22394. [PMID: 33372187 PMCID: PMC7769965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors determines the individual risk of depressive disorders. Vitamin D has been shown to stimulate the expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin production in the brain. Therefore, we investigate the hypothesis that serum vitamin D levels moderate the interaction between the serotonin transporter promotor gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and childhood abuse in depressive disorders. Two independent samples from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-LEGEND: n = 1 997; SHIP-TREND-0: n = 2 939) were used. Depressive disorders were assessed using questionnaires (BDI-II, PHQ-9) and interview procedures (DSM-IV). Besides serum vitamin D levels (25(OH)D), a functional polymorphism (rs4588) of the vitamin D-binding protein is used as a proxy for 25(OH)D. S-allele carriers with childhood abuse and low 25(OH)D levels have a higher mean BDI-II score (13.25) than those with a higher 25(OH)D level (9.56), which was not observed in abused LL-carriers. This significant three-way interaction was replicated in individuals with lifetime major depressive disorders when using the rs4588 instead of 25(OH)D (p = 0.0076 in the combined sample). We conclude that vitamin D relevantly moderates the interaction between childhood abuse and the serotonergic system, thereby impacting vulnerability to depressive disorders.
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Li M, Liu S, D'Arcy C, Gao T, Meng X. Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:119-136. [PMID: 32697690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of adulthood psychopathology. Interplay between susceptible genetic variations and CM contributes to the occurrence of depression. This review aims to systematically synthesize the relationships between genetic variations and depression among those exposed to CM. Methods Electronic databases and gray literature to March 31st, 2020 were searched for literature on the topic of depression and CM limited to English-language. Data extraction and quality assessment of key study characteristics were conducted. Qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the findings. Results The initial search resulted in 9185 articles. A total of 29 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. High heterogeneity was identified regarding the study sample ages, candidate genes and SNPs, the categorization of CM and depression. The findings of this review include several frequently studied genes (5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, BDNF, CREB1, FKBP5, IL1B, NTRK2, and OXTR). Both consistent and inconsistent findings were identified. Overall, the interplay of CM with CREB1-rs2253206 significantly increased the risk of depression. In contrast, CRHR1-TCA haplotype (rs7209436, rs4792887, rs110402), CRHR1-rs17689882, and CRHR1-rs110402 showed protective effects on depression and depressive symptoms among individuals with a history of maltreatment. Limitations Due to clinical and methodological diversity of the studies a qualitative approach was used. Conclusion This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between CM and genetic variations in adult depression. Future etiological explorations should focus on the above-identified genes for down-stream exploration and address the issues and challenges of gene by environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sibei Liu
- Mitacs Globalink Internship, Canada; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Dias de Castro Bins H, Dotta Panichi RM, Vernet Taborda JG, Arzeno Ferrão Y. Childhood trauma, psychiatric disorders, and criminality in women: Associations with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 71:101574. [PMID: 32768114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a number of roles in neuronal survival, structure, and function. Data in the literature suggest that it is a neurobiological substrate that moderates the impact of childhood adversities on the late expression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether five childhood trauma subtypes-physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect-are associated with adult psychiatric disorders, BDNF levels, and criminality among incarcerated women. This was a cross-sectional study involving a consecutive sample of 110 women, divided into three groups of women (forensic - mentally ill who committed crimes, clinical psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus were applied in the whole sample, and BDNF levels were measured in a sub-sample of 54 women. The rates of mental illness and childhood trauma were high in the forensic group. Emotional abuse was higher in the clinical and forensic groups than in the healthy control group. Lower BDNF levels were associated with emotional abuse in the forensic group as well as with sexual abuse in the healthy control group. After multinomial logistic regression, lower levels of BDNF, higher levels of emotional abuse and the presence of familial offense were considered factors related to clinical psychiatric group. The results of this study underscore the idea that BDNF may be an important factor related to the development of diseases and criminality in women who are victims of childhood trauma, becoming a possible biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dias de Castro Bins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Renata Maria Dotta Panichi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Vernet Taborda
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ygor Arzeno Ferrão
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Nestor PG, O'Donovan K, Lapp HE, Hasler VC, Boodai SB, Hunter R. Risk and protective effects of serotonin and BDNF genes on stress-related adult psychiatric symptoms. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100186. [PMID: 31440532 PMCID: PMC6700400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on individual risk by examining childhood adversity and current psychiatric symptoms in a sample of 100 college students genotyped for both the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Naturally occurring allelic variation in 5-HTTLPR (short/long) and BDNF (valine/methionine) have been strongly implicated in stress-related psychiatric risk, but the combined effects of these alleles on psychological functioning have yet to be fully elucidated. Univariate analysis revealed gene-environment correlations linking heightened psychiatric risk with past childhood adversity for short but not long 5-HTTLPR allelic carriers and for valine (Val) but not methionine (Met) BDNF allelic carriers. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant gene x gene interaction with results showing that risk varied systematically depending on both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF alleles, independent of childhood adversity. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that approximately 11% of the variance in symptoms of depression could be specifically accounted for by the epistatic interaction of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF val66Met polymorphisms. Allelic group analyses indicated lowest risk, as measured by depression and anxiety, for allelic carriers of 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF Met, followed by 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Val, 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF-Val, and 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Met. Results suggest that protective or risk-enhancing effects on stress-related psychiatric functioning may depend on specific allelic combinations of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF.
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13
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Interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms and childhood adversity on brain morphologic changes in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 29535036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of depression is characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors and brain structural alteration. Childhood adversity is a major contributing factor in the development of depression. Interactions between childhood adversity and candidate genes for depression could affect brain morphology via the modulation of neurotrophic factors, serotonergic neurotransmission, or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and this pathway may explain the subsequent onset of depression. Childhood adversity is associated with structural changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus. Childhood adversity showed an interaction with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism, serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR), and FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene rs1360780 in brain morphologic changes in patients with depression and in a non-clinical population. Individuals with the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met and a history of childhood adversity had reduced volume in the hippocampus and its subfields, amygdala, and PFC and thinner rostral ACC in a study of depressed patients and healthy controls. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR combined with exposure to childhood adversity or a poorer parenting environment was associated with a smaller hippocampal volume and subsequent onset of depression. The FKBP5 gene rs160780 had a significant interaction with childhood adversity in the white matter integrity of brain regions involved in emotion processing. This review identified that imaging genetic studies on childhood adversity may deepen our understanding on the neurobiological background of depression by scrutinizing complicated pathways of genetic factors, early psychosocial environments, and the accompanying morphologic changes in emotion-processing neural circuitry.
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14
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Jiménez-Treviño L, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Carli V, Iosue M, Jaussent I, López-Castroman J, Vaquero-Lorenzo C, Sarchiapone M, Baca-García E, Courtet P, Bobes J. 5-HTTLPR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene interactions and early adverse life events effect on impulsivity in suicide attempters. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:137-149. [PMID: 28914102 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1376112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An expanding body of research suggests that childhood adverse experiences can lead to different negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide. Serotonergic genes such as the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) have been associated both with impulsivity in suicide attempts and reactivity to environmental stress exposure. BDNF gene may play an epigenetic role. METHODS We studied the influence of childhood stressful events and 5-HTTLPR genotype on impulsivity measured by Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-10) in a multicentre sample of 1,655 suicide attempters (69.4% women, 30.6% men; mean age 40.13 years). A co-dominant additive genetic model was used for the statistical analyses. Interaction between 5-HTTLPR genotype and early trauma exposure was tested using moderated and multiple regression techniques. Interaction plots were used to explore BDNF genotype modulation. RESULTS Mildly higher impulsivity scores were found in men with SS compared with SL or LL genotypes, and men with childhood emotional and physical abuse. Interaction analyses showed that combination of 5-HTTLPR-SS genotype and early trauma exposure increase impulsivity scores independently. Impulsivity scores were not affected by the modulation of BDNF genes. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma and 5-HTTLPR genotype seem to be independently involved in suicide attempts, sharing a common pathway of increasing impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- a Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Pilar Alejandra Saiz
- a Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Maria Paz García-Portilla
- a Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- b Department of Psychiatry , Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBERSAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - Vladimir Carli
- c National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP) , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Miriam Iosue
- d Department of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis , Campobasso , Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Sarchiapone
- d Department of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis , Campobasso , Italy.,g National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty , Rome , Italy
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- b Department of Psychiatry , Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBERSAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - Philippe Courtet
- h Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry , University of Montpellier I, Lapeyronie Hospital, INSERM E99 30 , Montpellier , France
| | - Julio Bobes
- a Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental - CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA , Oviedo , Spain
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15
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Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Sagud M, Pivac N. Genetic Markers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:53-93. [PMID: 31705490 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as addiction (substance use and addictive disorders), depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are severe, complex, multifactorial mental disorders that carry a high social impact, enormous public health costs, and various comorbidities as well as premature morbidity. Their neurobiological foundation is still not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to uncover new set of genes and possible genetic markers of these disorders since the understanding of the molecular imbalance leading to these disorders is not complete. The integrative approach is needed which will combine genomics and epigenomics; evaluate epigenetic influence on genes and their influence on neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and hormones; examine gene × gene and gene × environment interplay; and identify abnormalities contributing to development of these disorders. Therefore, novel genetic approaches based on systems biology focused on improvement of the identification of the biological underpinnings might offer genetic markers of addiction, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD. These markers might be used for early prediction, detection of the risk to develop these disorders, novel subtypes of the diseases and tailored, personalized approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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16
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Gonda X, Petschner P, Eszlari N, Baksa D, Edes A, Antal P, Juhasz G, Bagdy G. Genetic variants in major depressive disorder: From pathophysiology to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:22-43. [PMID: 30189291 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In spite of promising preclinical results there is a decreasing number of new registered medications in major depression. The main reason behind this fact is the lack of confirmation in clinical studies for the assumed, and in animals confirmed, therapeutic results. This suggests low predictive value of animal studies for central nervous system disorders. One solution for identifying new possible targets is the application of genetics and genomics, which may pinpoint new targets based on the effect of genetic variants in humans. The present review summarizes such research focusing on depression and its therapy. The inconsistency between most genetic studies in depression suggests, first of all, a significant role of environmental stress. Furthermore, effect of individual genes and polymorphisms is weak, therefore gene x gene interactions or complete biochemical pathways should be analyzed. Even genes encoding target proteins of currently used antidepressants remain non-significant in genome-wide case control investigations suggesting no main effect in depression, but rather an interaction with stress. The few significant genes in GWASs are related to neurogenesis, neuronal synapse, cell contact and DNA transcription and as being nonspecific for depression are difficult to harvest pharmacologically. Most candidate genes in replicable gene x environment interactions, on the other hand, are connected to the regulation of stress and the HPA axis and thus could serve as drug targets for depression subgroups characterized by stress-sensitivity and anxiety while other risk polymorphisms such as those related to prominent cognitive symptoms in depression may help to identify additional subgroups and their distinct treatment. Until these new targets find their way into therapy, the optimization of current medications can be approached by pharmacogenomics, where metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms remain prominent determinants of therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kutvolgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Peter Petschner
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Edes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SE-NAP 2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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17
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Cheung YT, Khan RB, Liu W, Brinkman TM, Edelmann MN, Reddick WE, Pei D, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Srivastava D, Cheng C, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Pui CH, Krull KR. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury With Neurocognitive and Brain Imaging Outcomes in Children Receiving Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:e180089. [PMID: 29596541 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance Little is known about treatment-related neurotoxic mechanisms in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy only. Objective To examine concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of brain injury at ALL diagnosis and during cancer therapy and to evaluate associations with long-term neurocognitive and neuroimaging outcomes and relevant genetic polymorphisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included 235 patients with ALL who received a chemotherapy-only protocol. Patients provided CSF samples after diagnosis and throughout treatment. At 5 or more years after the diagnosis, 138 (69.7%) of 198 eligible survivors participated in long-term follow-up assessments. Children were treated from June 1, 2000, through October 31, 2010. Follow-up was completed on October 21, 2014, and data were analyzed from August 1, 2015, through September 30, 2016. Exposures Plasma concentration of high-dose intravenous methotrexate sodium and number of triple intrathecal chemotherapy injections. Main Outcomes and Measures The CSF samples were assayed at 5 points from diagnosis to reinduction for biomarkers of myelin degradation (myelin basic protein [MBP]), neuronal damage (nerve growth factor [NGF] and total and phosphorylated tau protein), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuroinflammation (chitotriosidase). DNA was genotyped for polymorphisms in drug metabolism, oxidative stress, and neurodevelopment. Leukoencephalopathy was evaluated by brain imaging. At 5 or more years after the diagnosis, survivors completed neurocognitive testing and brain imaging of white matter integrity. Results Among the 235 patients with CSF samples (120 boys [51.1%] and 115 girls [48.9%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 6.8 [4.7] years), MBP and GFAP levels were elevated at baseline and through consolidation. The number of intrathecal injections was positively correlated with NGF level increase at consolidation (r = 0.19; P = .005). Increases in GFAP (risk ratio [RR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40), MBP (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11), and total tau (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.11-2.78) levels were associated with a higher risk for leukoencephalopathy and higher apparent diffusion coefficient in frontal lobe white matter 5 years after diagnosis (standardized estimate, 0.05; P < .001). Increase in total tau at consolidation was associated with worse attention (omissions z score estimate, -0.20; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance Glial injury may be present at diagnosis of ALL. Neuronal injury was associated with intrathecal chemotherapy. The CSF biomarkers may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for worse neurologic outcomes, particularly those with genetic susceptibility to poor brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ting Cheung
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Raja B Khan
- Department of Neurology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michelle N Edelmann
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver
| | - Wilburn E Reddick
- Department of Diagnosis Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Pediatric Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Deokumar Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Goltz A, Janowitz D, Hannemann A, Nauck M, Hoffmann J, Seyfart T, Völzke H, Terock J, Grabe HJ. Association of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Vitamin D with Depression and Obesity: A Population-Based Study. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:171-181. [PMID: 29920493 DOI: 10.1159/000489864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and obesity are widespread and closely linked. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vitamin D are both assumed to be associated with depression and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between vitamin D and BDNF. We explored the putative associations and interactions between serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms and abdominal obesity in a large population-based cohort. METHODS Data were obtained from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)-Trend (n = 3,926). The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with depressive symptoms (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire) were assessed with binary and multinomial logistic regression models. The associations of serum BDNF and vitamin D levels with obesity (measured by the waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were assessed with binary logistic and linear regression models with restricted cubic splines. RESULTS Logistic regression models revealed inverse associations of vitamin D with depression (OR = 0.966; 95% CI 0.951-0.981) and obesity (OR = 0.976; 95% CI 0.967-0.985). No linear association of serum BDNF with depression or obesity was found. However, linear regression models revealed a U-shaped association of BDNF with WHR (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D was inversely associated with depression and obesity. BDNF was associated with abdominal obesity, but not with depression. At the population level, our results support the relevant roles of vitamin D and BDNF in mental and physical health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Goltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tom Seyfart
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Chang WH, Lee IH, Chi MH, Lin SH, Chen KC, Chen PS, Chiu NT, Yao WJ, Yang YK. Prefrontal cortex modulates the correlations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, serotonin, and the autonomic nervous system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2558. [PMID: 29416077 PMCID: PMC5803248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down regulation in the human brain and anatomical connections between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and specific catecholamine-related regions have been well-studied. However, the way in which the PFC modulates downstream neuro-networks in terms of serotonin and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by variation in the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is still unclear. We recruited sixty-seven healthy subjects. Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was examined by SPECT with [123I]ADAM analysis; heart rate variability (HRV) testing was performed, and the BDNF level was measured. The Wisconsin card-sorting test (WCST), which assesses PFC activation, was also conducted. The interactions of BDNF level and SERT availability were significant in relation to the HRV indexes of low frequency, high frequency, total power, and mean heart rate range. Moderate to significant positive correlations between SERT availability and the above-mentioned HRV indexes existed only in subjects with a low BDNF level. Furthermore, in the low BDNF level group, only those with high WCST perseveration errors or low category completions exhibited significant positive correlations between SERT availability and HRV indexes. A lower BDNF level and poorer PFC function might modulate the synergistic effects of serotonergic and ANS systems in order to maintain brain physiological and psychological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei Hung Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Jen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan. .,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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20
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Bleys D, Luyten P, Soenens B, Claes S. Gene-environment interactions between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression: A meta-analytic update. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:339-345. [PMID: 29031184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses have yielded contradictory findings concerning the role of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress (GxE) in depression. The current meta-analysis investigates if these contradictory findings are a result of differences between studies in methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. METHODS After performing a systematic database search (February to December 2016), first, a meta-analysis was used to investigate the total effect size and publication bias. Second, stratified meta-analyses were used to investigate the potential moderating influence of different methodological approaches on heterogeneity of study findings. Third, a meta-regression was used to investigate the combined influence of the methodological approaches on the overall effect size. RESULTS Results showed a small but significant effect of 5-HTTLPR in interaction with stress in the prediction of depression (OR[95%CI] = 1.18[1.09; 1.28], n = 48 effect sizes from 51 studies, totaling 51,449 participants). There was no evidence of publication bias. Heterogeneity of effect sizes was a result of outliers and not due to different methodological approaches towards the assessment of stress and depression. Yet, there was some evidence that studies adopting a categorical and interview approach to the assessment of stress report higher GxE effects, but further replication of this finding is needed. LIMITATIONS A large amount of heterogeneity (i.e., 46%) was not explained by the methodological factors included in the study and there was a low response rate of invited studies. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis provides new evidence for the robustness of the interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleys
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; University College London, Faculty of Brain Sciences, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- KU Leuven, Research Group Psychiatry, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Chen JJ, Wang T, An CD, Jiang CY, Zhao J, Li S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:793-811. [PMID: 27508959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
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22
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Comasco E, Rangmar J, Eriksson UJ, Oreland L. Neurological and neuropsychological effects of low and moderate prenatal alcohol exposure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 28470828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several explanations for the diverse results in research on foetal alcohol spectrum disorders or alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder might be at hand: timing, amount and patterns of alcohol exposure, as well as complex epigenetic responses. The genetic background of the offspring and its interaction with other prenatal and post-natal environmental cues are likely also of importance. In the present report, key findings about the possible effects of low and moderate doses of maternal alcohol intake on the neuropsychological development of the offspring are reviewed and plausible mechanisms discussed. Special focus is put on the serotonergic system within developmental and gene-environment frameworks. The review also suggests guidelines for future studies and also summarizes some of to-be-answered questions of relevance to clinical practice. Contradictory findings and paucity of studies on the effects of exposure to low alcohol levels during foetal life for the offspring's neuropsychological development call for large prospective studies, as well as for studies including neuroimaging and multi-omics analyses to dissect the neurobiological underpinnings of alcohol exposure-related phenotypes and to identify biomarkers. Finally, it remains to be investigated whether any safe threshold of alcohol drinking during pregnancy can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Rangmar
- Department of Psychology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - U. J. Eriksson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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23
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Van der Auwera S, Peyrot WJ, Milaneschi Y, Hertel J, Baune B, Breen G, Byrne E, Dunn EC, Fisher H, Homuth G, Levinson D, Lewis C, Mills N, Mullins N, Nauck M, Pistis G, Preisig M, Rietschel M, Ripke S, Sullivan P, Teumer A, Völzke H, Boomsma DI, Wray NR, Penninx B, Grabe H. Genome-wide gene-environment interaction in depression: A systematic evaluation of candidate genes: The childhood trauma working-group of PGC-MDD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:40-49. [PMID: 29159863 PMCID: PMC5726923 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene by environment (GxE) interaction studies have investigated the influence of a number of candidate genes and variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) on the association between childhood trauma and MDD. Most of these studies are hypothesis driven and investigate only a limited number of SNPs in relevant pathways using differing methodological approaches. Here (1) we identified 27 genes and 268 SNPs previously associated with MDD or with GxE interaction in MDD and (2) analyzed their impact on GxE in MDD using a common approach in 3944 subjects of European ancestry from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium who had completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. (3) We subsequently used the genome-wide SNP data for a genome-wide case-control GxE model and GxE case-only analyses testing for an enrichment of associated SNPs. No genome-wide significant hits and no consistency among the signals of the different analytic approaches could be observed. This is the largest study for systematic GxE interaction analysis in MDD in subjects of European ancestry to date. Most of the known candidate genes/variants could not be supported. Thus, their impact on GxE interaction in MDD may be questionable. Our results underscore the need for larger samples, more extensive assessment of environmental exposures, and greater efforts to investigate new methodological approaches in GxE models for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wouter J Peyrot
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, Great Britain
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - Enda Byrne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit (PNGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen Fisher
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Douglas Levinson
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Cathryn Lewis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, Great Britain
- Department of Medical and& Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - Natalie Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, Great Britain
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University medicine Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Valderrama J, Miranda R. Early life stress predicts negative urgency through brooding, depending on 5-HTTLPR genotype: A pilot study with 6-month follow-up examining suicide ideation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:481-487. [PMID: 28890225 PMCID: PMC5681408 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the interaction between early life stress and 5-HTT genotypes in predicting two risk factors for suicidal behavior - the brooding subtype of rumination and impulsivity, in the form of negative urgency - over time. Furthermore, we examined early life stress, brooding, and impulsivity as predictors of suicidal ideation over time. Participants with and without a history of early life stress were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and completed assessments assessing brooding and negative urgency at baseline and 6-month follow up. Early life emotional abuse was associated with negative urgency at follow-up. We found an indirect effect of early life emotional abuse on negative urgency through brooding among individuals with 5-HTT low expressing genotypes but not among individuals with 5-HTT high expressing genotypes. Further, a logistic regression analysis revealed that negative urgency was associated with higher odds (O.R. = 16.2) of reporting suicide ideation (versus no ideation) at follow-up. Our findings suggest that brooding and negative urgency may result from the interaction between early life emotional abuse and 5-HTT low expressing genotypes. Further research is necessary to understand how early life stress interacts with 5-HTT genotypes to confer risk for suicidal behavior through psychological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valderrama
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Min JA, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Park YM, Kang SG, Park YG, Chae JH. RORA Polymorphism Interacts with Childhood Maltreatment in Determining Anxiety Sensitivity by Sex: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:402-406. [PMID: 29073752 PMCID: PMC5678479 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.4.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have reported associations of retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with depression and anxiety disorders. Based on these, we attempt to test whether RORA polymorphism is associated with anxiety sensitivity (AS), the intermediate phenotype of depression and anxiety disorders. Considering gene-environment interactions and sex differences in AS, childhood maltreatment (CM) and sex were considered as confounders. Methods Two-hundred and five healthy young Korean adults (female: 98, male: 107; age, 23.0±3.2 years) completed genotyping for the RORA SNP rs11071547, as well as measures for AS and CM. Generalized linear models were used to examine the main and interaction effects of RORA genotype, CM, and sex in determining AS. Results The main effect of RORA polymorphisms was not found (p=0.760) whereas the main effect of CM and interaction effects among sex, genotype, and maltreatment were significant on AS. In separate analyses by sex, the interaction effect between RORA genotype and maltreatment was significant only in males (p<0.001). In females, the main effects of genotype and CM were significant (both were p<0.001), in which both a history of CM and C genotype tended to be associated with higher AS. Conclusion The association between RORA polymorphism and AS might differ by sex. The interaction between RORA polymorphism and CM was significant only in males whereas RORA genotype and CM independently associated with AS in females. Further studies are encouraged to confirm the relationship between RORA polymorphism and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Ivanova-Stoevska M, Penchev M, Stoyanova V, Vladimirova R, Milanova V, Kremensky I, Mitev V, Kaneva R. Investigation of candidate genes reveals significant statistical epistasis between DISC1 and TPH2 in Bulgarian affective disorder patients. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1382391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ivanova-Stoevska
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- National Genetic Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mladen Penchev
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vessela Stoyanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitza Vladimirova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Kremensky
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- National Genetic Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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27
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Van der Auwera S, Wittfeld K, Shumskaya E, Bralten J, Zwiers MP, Onnink AMH, Usberti N, Hertel J, Völzke H, Völker U, Hosten N, Franke B, Grabe HJ. Predicting brain structure in population-based samples with biologically informed genetic scores for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:324-332. [PMID: 28304149 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with brain structural abnormalities including gray and white matter volume reductions. Whether these alterations are caused by genetic risk variants for schizophrenia is unclear. Previous attempts to detect associations between polygenic factors for schizophrenia and structural brain phenotypes in healthy subjects have been negative or remain non-replicated. In this study, we used genetic risk scores that were based on the accumulated effect of selected risk variants for schizophrenia belonging to specific biological systems like synaptic function, neurodevelopment, calcium signaling, and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that this "biologically informed" approach would provide the missing link between genetic risk for schizophrenia and brain structural phenotypes. We applied whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses in two population-based target samples and subsequent regions of interest (ROIs) analyses in an independent replication sample (total N = 2725). No consistent association between the genetic scores and brain volumes were observed in the investigated samples. These results suggest that in healthy subjects with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia additional factors apart from common genetic variants (e.g., infection, trauma, rare genetic variants, or gene-gene interactions) are required to induce structural abnormalities of the brain. Further studies are recommended to test for possible gene-gene or gene-environment effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Marten H Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niccolo Usberti
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK-German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZD-German Centre for Diabetes Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and, Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Vrshek-Schallhorn S, Sapuram V, Avery BM. Letter to the Editor: Bias in the measurement of bias. Letter regarding 'Citation bias and selective focus on positive findings in the literature on the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), life stress and depression'. Psychol Med 2017; 47:187-192. [PMID: 27681844 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Vrshek-Schallhorn
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Department of Psychology,Greensboro, NC,USA
| | - V Sapuram
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Department of Psychology,Greensboro, NC,USA
| | - B M Avery
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Department of Psychology,Greensboro, NC,USA
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29
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Bick J, Nelson CA. Early experience and brain development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2016; 8. [PMID: 27906514 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Healthy brain development takes place within the context of individual experience. Here, we describe how certain early experiences are necessary for typical brain development. We present evidence from multiple studies showing that severe early life neglect leads to alterations in brain development, which compromises emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning. We also show how early intervention can reverse some of the deleterious effects of neglect on brain development. We conclude by emphasizing that early interventions that start at the earliest possible point in human development are most likely to support maximal recovery from early adverse experiences. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1387. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1387 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e958. [PMID: 27874848 PMCID: PMC5314126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons, and distinct BDNF transcripts are produced through the use of alternative promoters and splicing events. The majority of the BDNF transcripts can be detected not only in the brain but also in the blood cells, although no study has yet investigated the differential expression of BDNF transcripts at the peripheral level. This review provides a description of the human BDNF gene structure as well as a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We will discuss several mechanisms as possibly underlying BDNF modulation, including epigenetic mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential use of peripheral BDNF as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the factors that can influence BDNF gene expression and protein levels. Within this context, we have also characterized, for we believe the first time, the expression of BDNF transcripts in the blood, with the aim to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling that may regulate peripheral BDNF gene expression levels.
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31
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Agnafors S, Sydsjö G, Comasco E, Bladh M, Oreland L, Svedin CG. Early predictors of behavioural problems in pre-schoolers - a longitudinal study of constitutional and environmental main and interaction effects. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:76. [PMID: 27267363 PMCID: PMC4895962 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early environment is important for child development and wellbeing. Gene-by-environment studies investigating the impact of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms by life events on mental health and behaviour problems have been inconclusive. Methodological differences regarding sample sizes, study population, definitions of adversities and measures of mental health problems obstacle their comparability. Furthermore, very few studies included children. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between a broad range of risk factors covering pregnancy and birth, genetic polymorphism, experience of multiple life events and psychosocial environment, and child behaviour at age 3, using a comparably large, representative, population-based sample. Methods A total of 1,106 children, and their mothers, were followed from pregnancy to age 3. Information on pregnancy and birth-related factors was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Questionnaires on depressive symptoms, child behaviour and child experiences of life events were filled in by the mothers. Child saliva samples were used for genotyping the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between psychological scales and genetic polymorphisms. Results Symptoms of postpartum depression increased the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Experience of multiple life events was also a predictor of behavioural problems across the scales. No gene-by-environment or gene-by-gene-by-environment interactions were found. Children of immigrants had an increased risk of internalizing problems and parental unemployment was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing type of problems. Conclusion This study shows the importance of the psychosocial environment for psychosocial health in preschool children, and adds to the literature of null-findings of gene-by-environment effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF in children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0614-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Agnafors
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Oreland
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Schiele MA, Ziegler C, Holitschke K, Schartner C, Schmidt B, Weber H, Reif A, Romanos M, Pauli P, Zwanzger P, Deckert J, Domschke K. Influence of 5-HTT variation, childhood trauma and self-efficacy on anxiety traits: a gene-environment-coping interaction study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:895-904. [PMID: 27145764 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental vulnerability factors such as adverse childhood experiences in interaction with genetic risk variants, e.g., the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), are assumed to play a role in the development of anxiety and affective disorders. However, positive influences such as general self-efficacy (GSE) may exert a compensatory effect on genetic disposition, environmental adversity, and anxiety traits. We, thus, assessed childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and GSE in 678 adults genotyped for 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 and their interaction on agoraphobic cognitions (Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire, ACQ), social anxiety (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, LSAS), and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T). The relationship between anxiety traits and childhood trauma was moderated by self-efficacy in 5-HTTLPR/rs25531 LALA genotype carriers: LALA probands maltreated as children showed high anxiety scores when self-efficacy was low, but low anxiety scores in the presence of high self-efficacy despite childhood maltreatment. Our results extend previous findings regarding anxiety-related traits showing an interactive relationship between 5-HTT genotype and adverse childhood experiences by suggesting coping-related measures to function as an additional dimension buffering the effects of a gene-environment risk constellation. Given that anxiety disorders manifest already early in childhood, this insight could contribute to the improvement of psychotherapeutic interventions by including measures strengthening self-efficacy and inform early targeted preventive interventions in at-risk populations, particularly within the crucial time window of childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Schiele
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Holitschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schartner
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schmidt
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Kristjansson S, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Conroy E, Statham DJ, Madden PAF, Henders AK, Todorov AA, Bucholz KK, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Heath AC, Nelson EC. The variance shared across forms of childhood trauma is strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00432. [PMID: 26811803 PMCID: PMC4720689 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Forms of childhood trauma tend to co-occur and are associated with increased risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. Commonly used binary measures of trauma exposure have substantial limitations. METHODS We performed multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), separately by sex, using data from the Childhood Trauma (CT) Study's sample of twins and siblings (N = 2594) to derive three first-order factors (childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and parental partner abuse) and, as hypothesized, one higher order, childhood trauma factor (CTF) representing a measure of their common variance. RESULTS CFA produced a good-fitting model in the CT Study; we replicated the model in the Comorbidity and Trauma (CAT) Study's sample (N = 1981) of opioid-dependent cases and controls. In both samples, first-order factors are moderately correlated (indicating they measure largely unique, but related constructs) and their loadings on the CTF suggest it provides a reasonable measure of their common variance. We examined the association of CTF score with risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders in these samples and the OZ-ALC GWAS sample (N = 1538) in which CT Study factor loadings were applied. We found that CTF scores are strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders in all three samples; estimates of risk are extremely consistent across samples. CONCLUSIONS The CTF is a continuous, robust measure that captures the common variance across forms of childhood trauma and provides a means to estimate shared liability while avoiding multicollinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Kristjansson
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Michael T Lynskey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience King's College London UK
| | - Elizabeth Conroy
- Centre for Health Research University of Western Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Dixie J Statham
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Australia
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | | | - Alexandre A Todorov
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Center University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | | | - Andrew C Heath
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Alcoholism Research Center Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110
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Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Gelernter J, Hudziak J, Kaufman J. RDoC and translational perspectives on the genetics of trauma-related psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:81-91. [PMID: 26592203 PMCID: PMC4754782 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of child abuse are at high risk for depression, anxiety disorders, aggressive behavior, and substance use problems. The goal of this paper is to review studies of the genetics of these stress-related psychiatric disorders. An informative subset of studies that examined candidate gene by environment (GxE) predictors of these psychiatric problems in individuals maltreated as children is reviewed, together with extant genome wide association studies (GWAS). Emerging findings on epigenetic changes associated with adverse early experiences are also reviewed. Meta-analytic support and replicated findings are evident for several genetic risk factors; however, extant research suggests the effects are pleiotropic. Genetic factors are not associated with distinct psychiatric disorders, but rather diverse clinical phenotypes. Research also suggests adverse early life experiences are associated with changes in gene expression of multiple known candidate genes, genes involved in DNA transcription and translation, and genes necessary for brain circuitry development, with changes in gene expression reported in key brain structures implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and substance use disorders. The finding of pleiotropy highlights the value of using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework in future studies of the genetics of stress-related psychiatric disorders, and not trying simply to link genes to multifaceted clinical syndromes, but to more limited phenotypes that map onto distinct neural circuits. Emerging work in the field of epigenetics also suggests that translational studies that integrate numerous unbiased genome-wide approaches will help to further unravel the genetics of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veteran's Administration Connecticut Health Care Center, Newington, Connecticut
| | - James Hudziak
- Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joan Kaufman
- Center for Child and Family Traumatic Stress, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Correspondence to: Joan Kaufman, Ph.D., Center for Child and Family Traumatic Stress, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 East Fairmont Street, Baltimore, MD 21231.
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35
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Interactions between childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin transporter polymorphisms on depression symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:609-12. [PMID: 26070769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first replication of the BDNF Val66Met ⁎ 5-HTTLPR ⁎ childhood maltreatment effect on self-reported depression symptoms using a rigorous maltreatment interview. Participants included a community sample of 339 adolescents/young adults (age 12-33; 265 female). In the context of childhood neglect, among BDNF Met-carriers, s-allele carriers of 5-HTTLPR reported significantly higher depression than l/l homozygotes, whereas a differential relation of 5-HTTLPR genotype to depression was not seen among BDNF Val/Val homozygotes.
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Golimbet VE, Volel BA, Korovaitseva GI, Dolzhikov AV. [Depression comorbid to ischemic heart disease: a psychometric and molecular-genetic study]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:42-47. [PMID: 26081323 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151152142-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare psychometric and molecular-genetic characteristics of depression caused by ischemic heart disease (IHD) and depression in patients with IHD caused by other psychogenic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-five patients with depression comorbid to ischemic heart disease (IHD) were examined. Depression was associated with IHD in 71 patients (group 1). In 64 patients, depression was caused by other psychogenic factors (group 2). The HAMD-21 scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The comparative analysis of the core symptoms of depression demonstrated that group 1 had a peculiar psychometric profile with marked apathy, which was not accompanied by marked hypothymia, guilt feelings or anxiety, compared to group 2. The molecular-genetic correlate of this profile was found. It included a combination of an allele S (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene, an allele G (A-1438G) of the serotonin receptor type 2A gene and the genotype ValVal (Val66Met) of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B A Volel
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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37
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Gutiérrez B, Bellón JÁ, Rivera M, Molina E, King M, Marston L, Torres-González F, Moreno-Küstner B, Moreno-Peral P, Motrico E, Montón-Franco C, GildeGómez-Barragán MJ, Sánchez-Celaya M, Díaz-Barreiros MÁ, Vicens C, de Dios Luna J, Nazareth I, Cervilla J. The risk for major depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is multiplied by BDNF and SERT genetic vulnerability: a replication study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:187-96. [PMID: 25510949 PMCID: PMC4409436 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence for a moderating role of both serotonin transporter (SERT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on the risk for major depression (MD) developing after childhood maltreatment. However, research on this topic remains inconclusive, and there is a lack of data from longitudinal studies with large and representative population samples. Our study aimed to clarify whether, in the presence of previous childhood maltreatment, individuals carrying low functional alleles for both SERT 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms had a higher risk for MD. METHODS We explored 2- and 3-way gene (SERT and BDNF) × environment (childhood maltreatment) interactions in a large sample of Spanish adults who were followed up over a 3-year period and assessed in person for both DSM-IV MD and exposure to childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Our study included 2679 participants. Those with both the 5-HTTLPR s allele and the BDNF Met allele showed the highest risk of MD if they had previously experienced emotional (z = 2.08, p = 0.037), sexual (z = 2.19, p = 0.029) or any kind of childhood abuse (z = 2.37, p = 0.018). These 3-way interactions remained significant regardless of whether the 5-HTTLPR triallelic or the 5-HTTLPR biallelic polymorphisms were included in the analyses. LIMITATIONS Retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment may have resulted in a moderate degree of recall bias. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that the risk of depression conferred by childhood maltreatment is modified by variation at both SERT and BDNF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Gutiérrez
- Correspondence to: B. Gutiérrez, CIBERSAM-Universidad de Granada, Instituto de Neurociencias Federico Olóriz, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Avda. Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
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Dalton ED, Hammen CL, Najman JM, Brennan PA. Genetic susceptibility to family environment: BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR influence depressive symptoms. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2014; 28:947-956. [PMID: 25347540 PMCID: PMC5510745 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional genetic polymorphisms associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and serotonin (5-HTTLPR) have demonstrated associations with depression in interaction with environmental stressors. In light of evidence for biological connections between BDNF and serotonin, it is prudent to consider genetic epistasis between variants in these genes in the development of depressive symptoms. The current study examined the effects of val66met, 5-HTTLPR, and family environment quality on youth depressive symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood in a longitudinal sample oversampled for maternal depression history. A differential susceptibility model was tested, comparing the effects of family environment on depression scores across different levels of a cumulative plasticity genotype, defined as presence of both, either, or neither plasticity alleles (defined here as val66met Met and 5-HTTLPR 'S'). Cumulative plasticity genotype interacted with family environment quality to predict depression among males and females at age 15. After age 15, however, the interaction of cumulative plasticity genotype and early family environment quality was only predictive of depression among females. Results supported a differential susceptibility model at age 15, such that plasticity allele presence was associated with more or less depressive symptoms depending on valence of the family environment, and a diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interaction after age 15. These findings, although preliminary because of the small sample size, support prior results indicating interactive effects of 5-HTTLPR, val66met, and environmental stress, and suggest that family environment may have a stronger influence on genetically susceptible women than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Dalton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constance L. Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Lekman M, Hössjer O, Andrews P, Källberg H, Uvehag D, Charney D, Manji H, Rush JA, McMahon FJ, Moore JH, Kockum I. The genetic interacting landscape of 63 candidate genes in Major Depressive Disorder: an explorative study. BioData Min 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 25279001 PMCID: PMC4181757 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic contributions to major depressive disorder (MDD) are thought to result from multiple genes interacting with each other. Different procedures have been proposed to detect such interactions. Which approach is best for explaining the risk of developing disease is unclear. This study sought to elucidate the genetic interaction landscape in candidate genes for MDD by conducting a SNP-SNP interaction analysis using an exhaustive search through 3,704 SNP-markers in 1,732 cases and 1,783 controls provided from the GAIN MDD study. We used three different methods to detect interactions, two logistic regressions models (multiplicative and additive) and one data mining and machine learning (MDR) approach. Results Although none of the interaction survived correction for multiple comparisons, the results provide important information for future genetic interaction studies in complex disorders. Among the 0.5% most significant observations, none had been reported previously for risk to MDD. Within this group of interactions, less than 0.03% would have been detectable based on main effect approach or an a priori algorithm. We evaluated correlations among the three different models and conclude that all three algorithms detected the same interactions to a low degree. Although the top interactions had a surprisingly large effect size for MDD (e.g. additive dominant model Puncorrected = 9.10E-9 with attributable proportion (AP) value = 0.58 and multiplicative recessive model with Puncorrected = 6.95E-5 with odds ratio (OR estimated from β3) value = 4.99) the area under the curve (AUC) estimates were low (< 0.54). Moreover, the population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates were also low (< 0.15). Conclusions We conclude that the top interactions on their own did not explain much of the genetic variance of MDD. The different statistical interaction methods we used in the present study did not identify the same pairs of interacting markers. Genetic interaction studies may uncover previously unsuspected effects that could provide novel insights into MDD risk, but much larger sample sizes are needed before this strategy can be powerfully applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hössjer
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Andrews
- Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Science, Department of Genetics and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Henrik Källberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Uvehag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Husseini Manji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, NIMH, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, USA
| | - John A Rush
- Academic Medical Research Institute, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Genetic Basis of Mood & Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetic Branch, NIMH, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, USA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Science, Department of Genetics and Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ugwu ID, Amico F, Carballedo A, Fagan AJ, Frodl T. Childhood adversity, depression, age and gender effects on white matter microstructure: a DTI study. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1997-2009. [PMID: 24744150 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown that various factors can affect white matter (WM) tract diffusivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of childhood adversity (CA), age and gender on WM diffusivity in tracts that are thought to be involved in emotional regulation in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). DTI was obtained from 46 subjects with MDD and 46 HC subjects. Data were pre-processed and deterministic tractography was applied in the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), fornix, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and fronto-occipital fasciculus (FOF). In subjects with a history of CA, fractional anisotropy (FA) was greater in the rostral cingulum (RC) and dorsal cingulum, whereas radial diffusivity (RD) was smaller in the RC when compared with subjects with no history of CA. In the UF, FOF and parahippocampal cingulum, FA was greater in the left hemisphere in the subjects with CA when compared with those without CA. Age affected FA, longitudinal diffusivity and RD in the UF, fornix, FOF and SLF, reflecting axonal and myelin degeneration with increasing age. Depression or gender did not have any effects on the diffusivity measures. Due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, a recall bias for CA and possible effects of medical treatment on diffusivity measures could have played a role. CA and age could increase the likelihood to develop WM microstructural anomalies in the brain affective network. Moreover, subjects with CA could be more vulnerable to FA changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuchukwu D Ugwu
- Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Dublin, Ireland
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Homberg JR, Molteni R, Calabrese F, Riva MA. The serotonin-BDNF duo: developmental implications for the vulnerability to psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 43:35-47. [PMID: 24704572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) are known to modulate behavioral responses to stress and to mediate the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant agents through neuroplastic and epigenetic mechanisms. While the two systems interact at several levels, this scenario is complicated by a number of variants including brain region specificity, 5-HT receptor selectivity and timing. Based on recent insights obtained using 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) knockout rats we here set-out and discuss the crucial role of neurodevelopmental mechanisms and the contribution of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications to this interaction and its variants. 5-HTT knockout in rats, as well as the low activity short allelic variant of the serotonin transporter human polymorphism, consistently show reduced BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex. This starts during the second postnatal week, is preceded by DNA hypermethylation during the first postnatal week, and it is developmentally paralleled by reduced expression of key transcription factors. The reduced BDNF levels, in turn, affect 5-HT1A receptor-mediated intracellular signaling and thereby the serotonergic phenotype of the neurons. We propose that such a negative spiral of modifications may affect brain development and reduce its resiliency to environmental challenges during critical time windows, which may lead to phenotypic alterations that persist for the entire life. The characterization of 5-HT-BDNF interactions will eventually increase the understanding of mental illness etiology and, possibly, lead to the identification of novel molecular targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Regina Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Cruz-Fuentes CS, Benjet C, Martínez-Levy GA, Pérez-Molina A, Briones-Velasco M, Suárez-González J. BDNF Met66 modulates the cumulative effect of psychosocial childhood adversities on major depression in adolescents. Brain Behav 2014; 4:290-7. [PMID: 24683520 PMCID: PMC3967543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay among lifetime adversities and the genetic background has been previously examined on a variety of measures of depression; however, only few studies have focused on major depression disorder (MDD) in adolescence. METHODS Using clinical data and DNA samples from mouthwash gathered from an epidemiological study on the prevalence of mental disorders in youths between 12 and 17 years old, we tested the statistical interaction between a set of psychosocial adversities experienced during childhood (CAs) with two common polymorphisms in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Val66Met) and SLC6A4 (L/S) genes on the probability of suffering MDD in adolescence. RESULTS Genotype or allele frequencies for both polymorphisms were similar between groups of comparison (MDD N = 246; controls N = 270). The CAs factors: Abuse, neglect, and family dysfunctions; parental maladjustment, parental death, and to have experienced a life-threatening physical illness were predictors of clinical depression in adolescents. Remarkably, the cumulative number of psychosocial adversities was distinctly associated with an increase in the prevalence of depression but only in those Val/Val BDNF individuals; while the possession of at least a copy of the BDNF Met allele (i.e., Met +) was statistically linked with a "refractory" or resilient phenotype to the noticeable influence of CAs. CONCLUSION Liability or resilience to develop MDD in adolescence is dependent of a complex interplay between particular environmental exposures and a set of plasticity genes including BDNF. A better understanding of these factors is important for developing better prevention and early intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Cruz-Fuentes
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela A Martínez-Levy
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Amado Pérez-Molina
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Magdalena Briones-Velasco
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
| | - Jesús Suárez-González
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz" Mexico City, México
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Hosang GM, Shiles C, Tansey KE, McGuffin P, Uher R. Interaction between stress and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2014; 12:7. [PMID: 24433458 PMCID: PMC3912923 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is a disabling psychiatric illness with complex origins. Life stress (childhood adversity and recent stressful events) is a robust risk factor for depression. The relationship between life stress and Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has received much attention. The aim of the present work was to review and conduct a meta-analysis on the results from published studies examining this interaction. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PsychINFO and PubMed databases until 22 November 2013. A total of 22 studies with a pooled total of 14,233 participants met the inclusion criteria, the results of which were combined and a meta-analysis performed using the Liptak-Stouffer z-score method. RESULTS The results suggest that the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met significantly moderates the relationship between life stress and depression (P = 0.03). When the studies were stratified by type of environmental stressor, the evidence was stronger for an interaction with stressful life events (P = 0.01) and weaker for interaction of BDNF Val66Met with childhood adversity (P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS The interaction between BDNF and life stress in depression is stronger for stressful life events rather than childhood adversity. Methodological limitations of existing studies include poor measurement of life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Hosang
- Psychology Department, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK.
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Schomerus G, Appel K, Meffert PJ, Luppa M, Andersen RM, Grabe HJ, Baumeister SE. Personality-related factors as predictors of help-seeking for depression: a population-based study applying the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1809-17. [PMID: 23266663 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of mental disorders and the demand for mental health services are increasing, little is known about the impact of personality-related factors on help-seeking among depressive individuals. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between the "Big Five" personality traits, resilience, alexithymia, childhood neglect or abuse, and help-seeking among depressive individuals. METHODS We used data from 354 persons with a diagnosis of major depression from the population-based cohort study of health in Pomerania within the theoretical framework of the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. RESULTS Using stepwise regression techniques, we found that older age, higher education, more perceived social support, presence of childhood abuse, higher levels of conscientiousness, lower levels of resilience, and more severe depression were associated with help-seeking for depression. In contrast, gender, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and alexithymia did not significantly predict help-seeking. In addition, no evidence for gender-specific effects was observed. CONCLUSION Personality-related predisposing factors are important predictors of help-seeking. The influence of resilience on help-seeking among depressed individuals merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,
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45
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Comasco E, Åslund C, Oreland L, Nilsson KW. Three-way interaction effect of 5-HTTLPR, BDNF Val66Met, and childhood adversity on depression: a replication study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1300-6. [PMID: 23481907 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both the serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms have been shown to interact with unfavourable environment in relation to depression symptoms and to depression diagnosis. Several attempts have been made to study a three-way interaction effect of these factors on depression, however with contradictory results. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a three-way interaction effect and to attempt at replication in an independent population-based sample. Family maltreatment, sexual abuse and depression were self-reported by an adolescent population-based cohort (N=1393) from the county of Västmanland, Sweden. DNA was isolated from saliva, and used for genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Neither 5-HTTLPR or BDNF genotypes separately, nor in interaction with each other had any relation to depression, however in an environment adjusted model a two-way interaction and a three-way interaction effect was found. Both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met interacted with unfavourable environment in relation to depressive symptoms (Adj R²=0.19). Depressive symptoms and depression were more common among carriers of either the ss/sl+Val/Val or the ll+Met genotypes in the presence of early-life adversities. This three-way effect was more pronounced among girls. The current study, with a virtually similar set-up compared to previous studies, can partially confirm previous findings and their generalizability. The study also shows the importance of genetic plasticity in individuals with different environmental exposure, for different phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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47
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Ota KT, Duman RS. Environmental and pharmacological modulations of cellular plasticity: role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 57:28-37. [PMID: 22691453 PMCID: PMC3458126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophy of neurons and gross structural alterations of limbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, have been reported in brain imaging and postmortem studies of depressed patients. Preclinical findings have suggested that prolonged negative stress can induce changes comparable to those seen in major depressive disorder (MDD), through dendritic retraction and decreased spine density in PFC and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that environmental and pharmacological manipulations, including antidepressant medication, exercise, and diet, can block or even reverse many of the molecular changes induced by stress, providing a clear link between these factors and susceptibility to MDD. In this review, we will discuss the environmental and pharmacological factors, as well as the contribution of genetic polymorphisms, involved in the regulation of neuronal morphology and plasticity in MDD and preclinical stress models. In particular, we will highlight the pro-depressive changes incurred by stress and the reversal of these changes by antidepressants, exercise, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie T Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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48
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Buchmann AF, Hellweg R, Rietschel M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Zimmermann US, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Laucht M, Deuschle M. BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms: a prospective study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:902-9. [PMID: 23058261 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val⁶⁶Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Mandelli L, Serretti A. Gene environment interaction studies in depression and suicidal behavior: An update. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2375-97. [PMID: 23886513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the involvement of both heritable and environmental risk factors in major depression (MD) and suicidal behavior (SB). Studies investigating gene-environment interaction (G × E) may be useful for elucidating the role of biological mechanisms in the risk for mental disorders. In the present paper, we review the literature regarding the interaction between genes modulating brain functions and stressful life events in the etiology of MD and SB and discuss their potential added benefit compared to genetic studies only. Within the context of G × E investigation, thus far, only a few reliable results have been obtained, although some genes have consistently shown interactive effects with environmental risk in MD and, to a lesser extent, in SB. Further investigation is required to disentangle the direct and mediated effects that are common or specific to MD and SB. Since traditional G × E studies overall suffer from important methodological limitations, further effort is required to develop novel methodological strategies with an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mandelli
- Psychiatry Section, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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50
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Caldwell W, McInnis OA, McQuaid RJ, Liu G, Stead JD, Anisman H, Hayley S. The Role of the Val66Met Polymorphism of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene in Coping Strategies Relevant to Depressive Symptoms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65547. [PMID: 23824678 PMCID: PMC3688808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling have been implicated in the evolution of depression, which likely arises, in part, as a result of diminished synaptic plasticity. Predictably, given stressor involvement in depression, BDNF is affected by recent stressors as well as stressors such as neglect experienced in early life. The effects of early life maltreatment in altering BDNF signalling may be particularly apparent among those individuals with specific BDNF polymorphisms. We examined whether polymorphisms of the Val66Met genotype might be influential in moderating how early-life events play out with respect to later coping styles, cognitive flexibility and depressive features. Among male and female undergraduate students (N = 124), childhood neglect was highly related to subsequent depressive symptoms. This outcome was moderated by the BDNF polymorphism in the sense that depressive symptoms appeared higher in Met carriers who reported low levels of neglect than in those with the Val/Val allele. However, under conditions of high neglect depressive symptoms only increased in the Val/Val individuals. In effect, the Met polymorphism was associated with depressive features, but did not interact with early life neglect in predicting later depressive features. It was further observed that among the Val/Val individuals, the relationship between neglect and depression was mediated by emotion-focused styles and diminished perceived control, whereas this mediation was not apparent in Met carriers. In contrast to the more typical view regarding this polymorphism, the data are consistent with the perspective that in the presence of synaptic plasticity presumably associated with the Val/Val genotype, neglect allows for the emergence of specific appraisal and coping styles, which are tied to depression. In the case of the reduced degree of neuroplasticity expected in the Met carriers, early life adverse experiences are not tied to coping styles, and hence less likely to be translated into depressive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Caldwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Opal A. McInnis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn J. McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gele Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D. Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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