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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Gao J, Guo Y, Ying J, Chen G, Han J, Zhao Y, Gao T, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yu Y, Li SN, Dai J. High-performance epoxy resin with flame-retardant, transparent, and ultraviolet shielding properties based on a vanillin-based multifunctional macromolecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134275. [PMID: 39084445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Flame-retardant epoxy resins with tough, transparent, ultraviolet shielding, and low dielectric properties have fascinating prospects in electronic and electrical applications, but it is still challenging at present. In this work, a bio-based macromolecule was synthesized from vanillin (a lignin derivative), phenyl dichlorophosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether). The bio-based macromolecule, namely, MFR, was designed and added to the epoxy resin (EP). The cured EP containing 15 wt% MFR (i.e., EP/MFR15) exhibits excellent flame retardancy with an Underwriter Laboratory 94 (UL-94) V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.2 %. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) are drastically reduced by 59.5 % and 40.7 %, respectively. Meanwhile, EP/MFR15 shows 20.3 % and 43.8 % improvements in tensile strength and toughness, respectively. Moreover, MFR simultaneously endows EP with accessional ultraviolet shielding performance and low dielectric constant without sacrificing transparency. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating a bio-based macromolecular flame retardant and preparing a high-performance EP composite with versatile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China; Zhejiang Longsheng Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jia Gao
- Shanghai Shaanxi Coal Hi-tech Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201613, PR China
| | - Yintian Guo
- Hangzhou Heyu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Gonghao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Jihao Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Youming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Shi-Neng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China.
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Ding S, Wang Z, Xie H. Fabrication of Flame-Retardant Ammonium Polyphosphate Modified Phytic Acid-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2229. [PMID: 39125255 PMCID: PMC11314824 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and self-made nickel phytate (PANi) were used as modified materials to prepare green biomass rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy, thermal stability, smoke toxicity and mechanical properties of the modified RPUF were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), a cone calorimetry (CONE) test, thermogravimetric analysis and a compression test. The results showed that the RPUF with 10 wt% APP (PANi/APP10) had the highest LOI of 26.5%. Its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 29.64% and 24.05% compared with PANi/APP0 without APP. And its smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke release (TSR) decreased by 33.14% and 19.88%, respectively. Compared with pure RPUF, the compressive strength of PANi/APP10 was increased by 50%, mainly because APP itself was an ultra-fine powder, which was better compatible with the matrix and improved the hardness of the material. The results showed that the synergistic effect of the gas phase and the condensed phase mechanism could effectively improve the flame-retardant effect. The current research results provided a new strategy for the preparation of green and low-toxicity RPUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Zhaoqian Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
- School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
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Chen Q, Huo S, Lu Y, Ding M, Feng J, Huang G, Xu H, Sun Z, Wang Z, Song P. Heterostructured Graphene@Silica@Iron Phenylphosphinate for Fire-Retardant, Strong, Thermally Conductive Yet Electrically Insulated Epoxy Nanocomposites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310724. [PMID: 38429241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The portfolio of extraordinary fire retardancy, mechanical properties, dielectric/electric insulating performances, and thermal conductivity (λ) is essential for the practical applications of epoxy resin (EP) in high-end industries. To date, it remains a great challenge to achieve such a performanceportfolio in EP due to their different and even mutually exclusive governing mechanisms. Herein, a multifunctional additive (G@SiO2@FeHP) is fabricated by in situ immobilization of silica (SiO2) and iron phenylphosphinate (FeHP) onto the graphene (G) surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of G, SiO2 and FeHP, the addition of 1.0 wt% G@SiO2@FeHP enables EP to achieve a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.5%. Besides, both heat release and smoke generation of as-prepared EP nanocomposite are significantly suppressed due to the condensed-phase function of G@SiO2@FeHP. Adding 1.0 wt% G@SiO2@FeHP also brings about 44.5%, 61.1%, and 42.3% enhancements in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of EP nanocomposite. Moreover, the EP nanocomposite exhibits well-preserved dielectric and electric insulating properties and significantly enhanced λ. This work provides an integrated strategy for the development of multifunctional EP materials, thus facilitating their high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Yixia Lu
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiabing Feng
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Li M, Zhang J, Cao X, Fu R, Xing G, Sun H, Li J, Li A. Conjugated Microporous Polymer Aerogels Encapsulated within Hydroxyapatite Nanowires Exhibit Good Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13784-13793. [PMID: 38920388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Aerogels have been widely studied in the field of thermal insulation. Herein, we reported a kind of conjugated micropolymer (CMP) aerogel synthesized by 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene and 2-amino-3,5-dibromopyridine. To enhance the flame-retardant property, we composited hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires with a CMP aerogel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that HAP nanowires were encapsulated within nanosized CMP tubes. In addition, the thermal conductivity of HAP2-NCMP aerogel was 0.0251 W m-1 K-1, which possesses good thermal insulation property. In the micro-combustion calorimeter (MCC) test, compared with pure NCMP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of HAP2-NCMP decreased from 39.3 to 30.82 W g-1, approximately 21.6% lower. Furthermore, with the increased addition of hydroxyapatite in the HAP-NCMP composite, the pHRR of HAP3-NCMP decreased by about 37.4%. Besides, NCMP possesses good mechanical properties, with a compressive strength of 117.3 kPa at a strain level of 60%. These findings suggest promising application potential for HAP-NCMP in energy-saving and flame-retardant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Cao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Fu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Xing
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - An Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Cheng C, Lyu S, Zhu Z. Preparation of phosphorus-doped chitosan derivative and its applications in polylactic acid: Crystallization, flame retardancy, anti-dripping and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130648. [PMID: 38460640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The topic of biobased flame-retardant PLA has always been of great interest. In our study, we successfully synthesized a phosphorus-containing chitosan derivative (PCS) and combined it with aluminum hypophosphate (AP) to create an effective flame-retardant PLA system. PCS acted as an enhancer, enhancing the thermal performance, crystallinity, and toughness of PLA/AP. Compared to PLA modified with 12 wt% AP achieving UL-94 V-2 level and 24.3 % of limited oxygen index, PLA containing 3 wt% PCS and 9 wt% AP achieved UL-94 V-0 level and limited oxygen index of 28 %. The system testing studies such as CCT, Raman, XPS, and TG-IR results indicated that PLA/AP/PCS exhibited a dual flame-retardant mechanism of condensed and gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yadong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Chunzu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Shisheng Lyu
- College of Art and Design, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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Guo S, Wu K, Pan Z, Zhou H, Zhou C. Flame retardant, high mechanical strength, transparent and water-resistant epoxy composites modified with chitosan derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129580. [PMID: 38246442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adding bio-based flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials without sacrificing other properties is a great challenge. Herein, a novel flame-retardant CS-DOPA was prepared from chitosan and 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oza-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide by acid-base neutralization reaction and fully characterized. The 4 wt% CS-DOPA modified EP showed good flame retardancy in both gaseous and condensed phase. The peak heat release rate, total smoke production, CO production, and smoke production rate of EP composites containing 4 wt% CS-DOPA were reduced by 55 %, 34 %, 45 %, and 46 %, respectively, to pass the UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 34.1 %. The CS-DOPA contributes to the formation of the condensed phase of the thermo-oxidation-resistant high-quality char layer with non-flammable other and phosphorus-containing free radicals released in the gas phase. In addition, EP/4CS-DOPA has good water resistance, mechanical properties, and transparency, with tensile and flexural strength improved by 12.7 % and 13.9 %, respectively, and still has high strength even after water treatment. The present work provides a green and facile strategy to use chitosan as a main raw material to manufacture EP materials with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei Branch of China National Geological Exploration Center of Building Materials Industry, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kunxiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Guo M, Wang W, Zhai B, Li J, Zhang L, Li J, Luo K, Wang R. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4811-4825. [PMID: 38312063 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06604e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Flammability feature of textiles is a big underlying risk causing fire disasters. The fabrication of reliable fire resistant and quick fire warning fabrics is imperative but challenging. Herein, three types of early fire-warning polyester fabrics, namely, FPP@AM-X, FPP@PM-X and FPP@AX-M1, with good flame retardant and piezoresistive sensing performance were developed by fabricating polyethyleneimine (PEI), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), phytic acid (PA) and MXenes onto phosphorus-containing flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate (FRPET) via polydopamine (PDA) mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly. Owing to the improved thermoelectric properties of MXenes, FPP@A5-M1 exhibited a maximum thermoelectric voltage of 0.59 mV at a temperature difference of 130 °C and can provide an ideal cyclic early fire warning response within 4 s. In addition, due to the synergistic flame retardant effect of MXenes and APP in the coating layer, FPP@A5-M1 could be self-extinguished within 2 s after ignition and the value of peak heat release ratio and total smoke production decreased by 41.9% and 30.4%, respectively. Besides, the MXene-based hybrid coated fabric can detect the movement of human fingers and elbows, illustrating its potential application in piezoresistive tension sensing. This work provides a new route to designing and developing multi-functional and smart fire protection fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Guo
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhai
- No. 5 Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liran Zhang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingchun Li
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Kexin Luo
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Materials Design & Engineering Department, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang T, Liu Y. Preparation of High-Transparency Phosphenanthrene-Based Flame Retardants and Studies of Their Flame-Retardant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4665. [PMID: 38139917 PMCID: PMC10747229 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparency is an important property for polymer flame retardants, especially epoxy resin (EP) flame retardants, and flame-retardant epoxy resins that maintain a high transparency and low chromatic aberration play important roles in the optical, lighting, and energy industries. Herein, a DOPO-based flame retardant 6,6'-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) with a high transparency and low chromatic aberration was prepared via the classical Atherton-Todd reaction and named SBPDOPO. Its chemical structure was characterized with Fourier IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. An EP loaded with 7 wt% SBPDOPO passed the UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 32.1%, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 34.1%, 31.6%, and 27.7%, respectively, compared with those of pure EP. In addition, the addition of SBPDOPO improved the thermal stability, residual mass, and glass transition temperature of the EP. On this basis, the EP containing 7 wt% SBPDOPO maintained a high transparency and low color aberration, with a transmittance of 94% relative to that of pure EP and a color aberration ΔE of 1.63. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism of SBPDOPO was analyzed, which demonstrated that it exerted both gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant effects, and that SBPDOPO/EP had high potential for application scenarios in which both flame retardancy and transparency are needed. SBPDOPO/EP has great potential for applications requiring both flame retardancy and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
- Work Safety Key Laboratory on Prevention and Control of Gas and Roof Disasters for Southern Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Safe Mining Techniques of Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Xu H, Peng C, Xia L, Miao Z, He S, Chi C, Luo W, Chen G, Zeng B, Wang S, Dai L. A Novel Anderson-Type POMs-Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300162. [PMID: 37114515 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Smoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)-based hybrids flame retardant (P-AlMo6 ) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity-reduction and smoke-suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction between POMs and organic molecules with double DOPO (bisDOPA). It combines the good compatibility of the organic molecule and the superior catalytic performance of POMs. Compared to pure EP, the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of EP composite with 5 wt.% P-AlMo6 (EP/P-AlMo6 -5) are raised by 12.3 °C and 57.75%, respectively. Notably, at low flame-retardant addition, the average CO to CO2 ratio (Av-COY/Av-CO2 Y) is reduced by 33.75%. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) are lowered by 44.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) value achieved 31.7% and obtained UL-94 V-0 rating. SEM, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TG-FTIR are applied to analyze the flame-retardant mechanism in condensed and gas phase. Outstanding flame retardant, low smoke toxicity properties are attained due to the catalytic carbonization ability of metal oxides Al2 O3 and MoO3 produced from the breakdown of POMs. This work advances the development of POMs-based hybrids flame retardants with low smoke toxicity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chaohua Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Long Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxi Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shuchuan Wang
- Institution of Research and Development, T&H Novel Materials Co., Ltd, Quanzhou, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire-Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Ma L, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Liu X, Li D, He L, Xiao F. Furfural-based P/N/S flame retardant towards high-performance epoxy resins with flame retardancy, toughness, low dielectric properties and UV resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Li M, Chen Y, Kong Z, Sun Z, Qian L. Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18151-18164. [PMID: 37251156 PMCID: PMC10210028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), excellent flame retardancy and transparency are required. However, higher flame retardancy is often at the expense of transparency. It is difficult to achieve high flame retardancy while maintaining the transparency of TPU. In this work, a kind of TPU composite with good flame retardancy and light transmittance was obtained by adding a new synthetic flame retardant named DCPCD, which was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriamine and diphenyl phosphorochloridate. Experimental results showed that 6.0 wt % DCPCD endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.3%, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU composite was dramatically reduced from 1292 kW/m2 (pure TPU) to 514 kW/m2 by adding only 1 wt % DCPCD. With the increase of DCPCD contents, the PHRR and total heat release gradually decreased, and the char residue gradually increased. More importantly, the addition of DCPCD has little effect on the transparency and haze of TPU composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and composition of the char residue for TPU/DCPCD composites and explore the flame retardant mechanism of DCPCD in TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zimeng Kong
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
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12
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He S, Chi C, Peng C, Zeng B, Chen Y, Miao Z, Xu H, Luo W, Chen G, Fu Z, Dai L. A Novel P/N/Si-Containing Vanillin-Based Compound for a Flame-Retardant, Tough Yet Strong Epoxy Thermoset. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102384. [PMID: 37242961 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still extremely challenging to endow epoxy resins (EPs) with excellent flame retardancy and high toughness. In this work, we propose a facile strategy of combining rigid-flexible groups, promoting groups and polar phosphorus groups with the vanillin compound, which implements a dual functional modification for EPs. With only 0.22% phosphorus loading, the modified EPs obtain a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.5% and reach V-0 grade in UL-94 vertical burning tests. Particularly, the introduction of P/N/Si-containing vanillin-based flame retardant (DPBSi) improves the mechanical properties of EPs, including toughness and strength. Compared with EPs, the storage modulus and impact strength of EP composites can increase by 61.1% and 240%, respectively. Therefore, this work introduces a novel molecular design strategy for constructing an epoxy system with high-efficiency fire safety and excellent mechanical properties, giving it immense potential for broadening the application fields of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaohua Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhongxi Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenping Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Han C, Cao Y, Zhang S, Bai L, Yang M, Fang S, Gong H, Tang D, Pan F, Jiang Z, Sun J. Separator with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Flame-Retardant for LiNi x Co y Mn 1- x - y O 2 Cathode-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207453. [PMID: 36960488 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the pursuit of high-energy-density for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the hidden safety problems of batteries have gradually emerged. LiNix Coy Mn1- x - y O2 (NCM) is considered as an ideal cathode material to meet the urgent needs of high-energy-density batteries. However, the oxygen precipitation reaction of NCM cathode at high temperature brings serious safety concerns. In order to promote high-safety lithium-ion batteries, herein, a new type of flame-retardant separator is prepared using flame-retardant (melamine pyrophosphate, MPP) and thermal stable Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). MPP takes the advantage of nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic effect upon the increased internal temperature of LIBs, including the dilution effect of noncombustible gas and the rapidly suppression of undesirable thermal runaway. The developed flame-retardant separators show negligible shrinkage over 200 °C and it takes only 0.54 s to extinguish the flame in the ignition test, which are much superior to commercial polyolefin separators. Moreover, pouch cells are assembled to demonstrate the application potential of PVDF-HFP/MPP separators and further verify the safety performance. It is anticipated that the separator with nitrogen-phosphorus flame-retardant can be extensively applied to various high-energy-density devices owing to simplicity and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liyang Bai
- Jiewei Power Co. Ltd. , Tianjin, 300112, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Science and Technology on Power Sources Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Power Sources, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Siyu Fang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haochen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Di Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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14
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Li Z, Qin Z, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang A, Li S, Liang G, Wang X, Tang W. Fabrication of NiO and TiO2 supported nano calcium carbonate and its effect on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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15
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Ye G, Huo S, Wang C, Song P, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. Durable flame-retardant, strong and tough epoxy resins with well-preserved thermal and optical properties via introducing a bio-based, phosphorus-phosphorus, hyperbranched oligomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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