1
|
Morphological, physicochemical, techno-functional, phytochemical, and antioxidant evaluation of polyembryonic and non-polyembryonic maize sprouts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
2
|
Mansouri RA, Ahmad A, Alshaibi HF, Ragab M. Pharmacological Studies on the Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Efficacies of Commiphora myrrha Resin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats: A Preclinical Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:5478267. [PMID: 36825257 PMCID: PMC9943604 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5478267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RESULTS The aqueous extracts of MAE were phytochemically analyzed, and the results revealed the presence of high concentrations of tannins, sterols, and isoprenoids (terpenoids), while steroids and flavonoids were found in moderate concentrations. The plant extract showed promising inhibition of the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. It also showed that MAE has potential antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. Microscopic examination of the pancreas showed degenerative changes and atrophy associated with dilatation of the exocrine ducts in the STZ-induced diabetic rats, while the treatment revealed that the Langerhans islets were close to normal without any histopathological alteration. CONCLUSION The present results suggested that an aqueous extract of MAE could be considered an efficient antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda F. Alshaibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ragab
- Information Technology Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206917. [PMID: 36296509 PMCID: PMC9610573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in allergic reactions of plants to pathogens and acquired systemic resistance. Thus far, although some research has been conducted on the direct effects of different concentrations of SA on the chemical defense response of treated plant parts (leaves) after at multiple post-treatments times, few research has reported on the systematic effects of non-treated parts (roots). Therefore, we examined direct and systemic effects of SA concentration and time following foliar application on chemical defense responses in maize variety 5422 with two fully expanded leaves. In the experiments, maize leaves were treated with different SA concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mM, and then, the presence of defense chemicals and enzymes in treated leaves and non-treated roots was measured at different time points of 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 h following SA foliar application. The results showed that direct and systemic effects of SA treatment to the leaf on chemical defense responses were related to SA concentration and time of measurement after spraying SA. In treated leaves, total phenolics content increased directly by 28.65% at the time point of 12 h following foliar application of 0.5 mM SA. DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H, 1, 4-benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one) content was directly enhanced by 80.56~551.05% after 3~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments. Polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were directly enhanced after 12~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments, whereas peroxidase and catalase activities were increased after 3~24 h following application of 1.0~5.0 mM SA. In non-treated roots, DIMBOA content and polyphenol oxidase activity were enhanced systematically after 3~48 h following 1.0~5.0 mM SA foliar treatments. Superoxide dismutase activities were enhanced after 3~24 h following 0.5~2.5 mM SA applications, but total phenolics content, peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in some particular concentrations or at the different times of measurement in the SA treatment. It can be concluded that SA foliar application at 1.0 and 2.5 mM produces strong chemical defense responses in maize, with the optimal induction time being 24 h following the foliar application.
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Y, Wang X, Du T, Shu Y, Tan F, Wang J. Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid Application to Aboveground Part on the Defense Responses in Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) and Non-Bt Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162162. [PMID: 36015465 PMCID: PMC9416209 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn is one of the top three large-scale commercialized anti-insect transgenic crops around the world. In the present study, we tested the Bt protein content, defense chemicals contents, and defense enzyme activities in both the leaves and roots of Bt corn varieties 5422Bt1 and 5422CBCL, as well as their conventional corn 5422 seedlings, with two fully expanded leaves which had been treated with 2.5 mM exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to the aboveground part for 24 h. The result showed that the SA treatment to the aboveground part could significantly increase the polyphenol oxidase activity of conventional corn 5422, the Bt protein content, and peroxidase activities of Bt corn 5422Bt1, as well as the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity of Bt corn 5422CBCL in the leaves. In the roots, the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity of conventional corn 5422, the polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of Bt corn 5422Bt1, the DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H, 1, 4-benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one) content, and four defense enzymes activities of Bt corn 5422CBCL were systematically increased. These findings suggest that the direct effect of SA application to aboveground part on the leaf defense responses in Bt corn 5422CBCL is stronger than that in non-Bt corn. Meanwhile, the systemic effect of SA on the root defense responses in Bt corn 5422CBCL is stronger than that in conventional corn 5422 and Bt corn 5422Bt1. It can be concluded that the Bt gene introduction and endogenous chemical defense responses of corns act synergistically during the SA-induced defense processes to the aboveground part. Different transformation events affected the root defense response when the SA treatment was applied to the aboveground part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tiantian Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengxiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-0286-3467
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Insight into the Influence of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on the Variations in Flavor of Chickpea Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162445. [PMID: 36010445 PMCID: PMC9407473 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of fermentation on the levels of free amino acids (FAAs) and variations of volatile odorants in four groups of chickpea milk. Electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data were subjected to mutual validation. W2S and W3S sensors of E-nose were sensitive to volatile constituents in the four groups of unfermented and fermented specimens. After fermentation, the levels of FAAs in the four groups of specimens decreased to varying degrees. Additionally, there were remarkable differences in the types and contents of volatile odor substances in all specimens before and after fermentation. The principal component analysis findings based on E-nose identified the changes of volatile odorants in all specimens before and after fermentation. GC-MS identified 35 and 55 volatile flavor substances in unfermented and fermented specimens, respectively. The varieties of volatile odor substances in fermented chickpea milk (FCM) with papain treatment plus yam addition (38) were more than those in FCM (24), indicating that the coupled treatment of enzymolysis and yam addition could enrich the volatile odorants in fermented specimens. After probiotic fermentation, the contents of off-flavor substances decreased to a certain extent, and key aroma substances such as 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-butanedione, and heptyl formate were detected. These results demonstrated that lactic acid bacterial fermentation on the basis of enzymolysis and yam addition could be utilized as a feasible approach to improve the flavor of plant-based products adopting chickpea as the original ingredient.
Collapse
|
6
|
Adhikary S, Biswas B, Chakraborty D, Timsina J, Pal S, Chandra Tarafdar J, Banerjee S, Hossain A, Roy S. Seed priming with selenium and zinc nanoparticles modifies germination, growth, and yield of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:7103. [PMID: 35501374 PMCID: PMC9061837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) seeds are often exposed to multiple environmental stresses in the field, leading to poor emergence, growth and productivity. Appropriate seed priming agents may help to overcome these challenges by ensuring uniform seed germination, and better seedling stand establishment. To examine the effectiveness of sodium selenite (Na-selenite), sodium selenate (Na-selenate), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), and their combinations as priming agents for DSR seeds, a controlled pot experiment followed by a field experiment over two consecutive years was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil (Inceptisol) in West Bengal, India. Priming with combinations of all priming agents had advantages over the hydro-priming treatment (control). All the combinations of the three priming agents resulted in the early emergence of seedlings with improved vigour. In the field experiment, all the combinations increased the plant chlorophyll, phenol and protein contents, leaf area index and duration, crop growth rate, uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, B, Zn and Si), and yield of DSR over the control. Our findings suggest that seed priming with the combination of ZnO-NPs, Na-selenite, and Na-selenate could be a viable option for the risk mitigation in DSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saju Adhikary
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Benukar Biswas
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India.
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Jagadish Timsina
- Global Evergreening Alliance, 1 Vision Drive, East Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3151, Australia.
- Institute for Study and Development Worldwide, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Srikumar Pal
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar
- Ex-Scientist, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, 17E/361A, C. H. B., Jodhpur, 342008, India
- 32/E/2/1, BanamalipurBarasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700124, India
| | - Saon Banerjee
- Department of Agricultural Physics and Meteorology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Sovan Roy
- Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Vigyan Chetana Bhavan, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mamedi A, Sharifzadeh F, Maali-Amiri R, Divargar F, Rasoulnia A. Seed osmopriming with Ca 2+ and K + improves salt tolerance in quinoa seeds and seedlings by amplifying antioxidant defense and ameliorating the osmotic adjustment process. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:251-274. [PMID: 35221582 PMCID: PMC8847485 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity restricts seed germination and seedling growth through induction of osmotic and oxidative stresses. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance salinity tolerance in quinoa seed by pre-optimized osmo-priming treatments of CaCl2 (10 mM, 10 °C, 10 h) and KNO3 (150 mM, 5 °C, 24 h). The results showed that these treatments developed the cellular defense mechanisms in seeds as 'priming memory' that could improve the physiological and biochemical responses to salinity in post-priming stages. The germination capacity and seedling growth decreased with increasing salinity that was accompanied with a higher content of MDA and H2O2. However, the improvement of primed seed vigor against high salinity was explained by increasing the biological defense mechanisms including antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX, SOD, GPX and PPO) and antioxidant metabolites (DPPH antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid), particularly in presence of salt stress. In addition, Ca2+ and K+ priming acquired salinity tolerance in post-priming stages through a significant increase in the accumulation of proline, glycine-betaine, soluble carbohydrate. Improvement in homeostasis of K+/Na+ ratio by promoting K+ maintenance and Na+ exclusion was also found in post-priming stages. These observations may be utilized as effective methods in improving salinity tolerance of quinoa seed germination in saline agriculture by improving the antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation and mineral nutrient homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mamedi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O Box: 3158711167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O Box: 3158711167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O Box: 3158711167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Divargar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O Box: 3158711167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Rasoulnia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O Box: 3158711167, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niroula A, Amgain N, Kc R, Adhikari S, Acharya J. Pigments, ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacities in deetiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) microgreens. Food Chem 2021; 354:129491. [PMID: 33756330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate if deetiolation of barley and wheat microgreens after cultivaton in dark (for 5, 7 and 9 days) can enhance the contents of pigments, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and equivalent antioxidant capacities (EAC) (measured by DPPH and FRAP assay) in correlation to other. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were higher in microgreens that were exposed more to daylight. In contrast, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and EAC of microgreens could be enhanced by 5-7 days of etiolation. However, prolonged etiolation reduced overall antioxidant capacities of microgreens. All evaluated parameters could be satisfactorily represented by regression expressions for the given number of days of etiolation and growth. The ascorbic acid and total carotenoids content had higher correlations with total chlorophyll contents, while the antioxidant capacities were highly correlated to total polyphenols content. The study confirms the potential of deetiolated cultivation of microgreens to enhance selective phytochemicals content and EAC of microgreens.
Collapse
|
9
|
Afshari M, Rahimmalek M. Variation in essential oil composition, anatomical, and antioxidant characteristics of Achillea filipendulina Lam. as affected by different phenological stages. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1885510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Afshari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Acharya J, Gautam S, Neupane P, Niroula A. Pigments, ascorbic acid, and total polyphenols content and antioxidant capacities of beet ( Beta vulgaris) microgreens during growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1955924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Acharya
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Sonila Gautam
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Prakshya Neupane
- Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nepal
| | - Anuj Niroula
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahuja I, Dauksas E, Remme JF, Richardsen R, Løes AK. Fish and fish waste-based fertilizers in organic farming - With status in Norway: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 115:95-112. [PMID: 32736033 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews relevant knowledge about the production and uses of fertilizers from fish and fish waste (FW) that may be applicable for certified organic farming, with a focus on crop and horticultural plants. Fish industries generate a substantial amount of FW. Depending on the level of processing or type of fish, 30-70% of the original fish is FW. Circular economy and organic farming concepts were used to evaluate the potential of production of fertilizers from captured fish. Fertilizers produced from captured fish promote the recycling of nutrients from the sea and back to terrestrial environments. Nutritional composition of FW is assessed to determine the potential to supply plant nutrients such as nitrogen, or a combination of nitrogen and phosphorous, or to enrich a compost. Methods used in processing of FW to produce fish- emulsion, fish hydrolysate/fish silage, fish-compost and digestate from anaerobic digestion/co-digestion are presented. Using information about commercially available fish-based fertilizers listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI), we present a scenario for establishing fish/FW-based fertilizers industry and research in Europe. With Norway's 9th position among top ten global capture producers and focus in Norway on developing organic farming, we brief how FW is currently utilized and regulated, and discuss its availability for possible production of FW-based organic fertilizers. The amount of FW available in Norway for production of fertilizers may facilitate the establishment of an industrial product that can replace the currently common use of dried poultry manure from conventional farming in organic farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSØK), NO-6630 Tingvoll, Norway.
| | - Egidijus Dauksas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Ålesund, Norway
| | | | | | - Anne-Kristin Løes
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSØK), NO-6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramakrishna R, Sarkar D, Shetty K. Metabolic stimulation of phenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme response in dark germinated barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts using bioprocessed elicitors. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1093-1106. [PMID: 31275709 PMCID: PMC6595084 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting and seed elicitor treatments stimulate the biosynthesis of health relevant phenolic bioactives in plants partly by upregulating proline-associated pentose phosphate pathway (PAPPP). This study investigated the upregulation of PAPPP-linked and antioxidant enzyme associated metabolic responses in elicitor-treated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts previously established with stimulation of health relevant phenolic bioactives. Barley seeds were treated with bioprocessed elicitors marine protein hydrolysates (GroPro®, GP) and soluble chitosan oligosaccharide and germinated under dark conditions. Upregulation of PAPPP and subsequent stimulation of phenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme responses were monitored at day 2, 4, and 6 of sprouting. High PAPPP-linked antioxidant enzyme responses were observed at early stages of germination with selected doses of GP treatments, especially in cv. Pinnacle. Total soluble phenolic content remained at higher level, while guaiacol peroxidase activity increased over the course of sprouting indicating increased phenolic polymerization to support structural needs of sprouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Niroula A, Khatri S, Khadka D, Timilsina R. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity profile of selected cereal sprouts and grasses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1588297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Niroula
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Gaindakot, Nepal
| | - Sagar Khatri
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Khadka
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rashika Timilsina
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du B, Luo H, He L, Zhang L, Liu Y, Mo Z, Pan S, Tian H, Duan M, Tang X. Rice seed priming with sodium selenate: Effects on germination, seedling growth, and biochemical attributes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4311. [PMID: 30867535 PMCID: PMC6416264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sodium selenate (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 mg kg−1) on the germination and seedling growth of Changnongjing 1 rice (Oryza sativa L.) at 25 °C and 30 °C. Low selenate concentrations induced shorter and more uniform germination periods than did ultrapure water at both temperatures. Seedlings primed with low selenate concentrations were superior to those primed with ultrapure water in terms of plant height, fresh weight, dry matter accumulation, and soluble carbohydrate and protein contents. Lower selenate concentrations (15–75 mg kg−1) induced higher chlorophyll and phenol contents in seedlings than did ultrapure water. Lower selenate concentrations also increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) contents in seedlings and significantly decreased the stress-related malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to ultrapure water. In conclusion, rice seedling germination and growth were promoted by priming with low selenate concentrations (15–75 mg kg−1) but inhibited by priming with high selenate concentrations (90–105 mg kg−1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haowen Luo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Longxin He
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yangfang Liu
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shenggang Pan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prabakaran M, Chung IM, Son NY, Chi HY, Kim SY, Yang YJ, Kwon C, An YJ, Ahmad A, Kim SH. Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds in Organic, Pesticide-Free, Conventional Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010067. [PMID: 30585211 PMCID: PMC6337394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains generous amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and dietary fibers, in addition to secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The phenolic compounds detected in rice (organic rice (OR), conventional rice (CR), and pesticide-free rice (PFR)), namely, protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, and caffeic acids, are notable free radical scavengers. The sum of these phenolic compounds was found to be higher in PFR, followed by CR and OR (p < 0.0001), when the rice types were classified based on the farming system employed. In addition, significant differences were observed in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels for the OR and CR groups compared with the PFR groups (p < 0.01). Furthermore, greater quantities of p-coumaric acid were found in CR-08 and OR-02, although these groups contained overall higher and lower sums of phenolic compounds, respectively. Moreover, significance was observed in the sum of the phenolic compounds, although only small quantities were found in polished rice. Further research is thus required to provide a clearer picture regarding the phenolic profiles of different rice brands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayakrishnan Prabakaran
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Na-Young Son
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hee-Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Yang
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chang Kwon
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yeon-Ju An
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Begović L, Abičić I, Lalić A, Lepeduš H, Cesar V, Leljak-Levanić D. Lignin synthesis and accumulation in barley cultivars differing in their resistance to lodging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:142-148. [PMID: 30419464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since lignin greatly affects stem strength, which is an important agronomical trait, understanding the relationship between lodging resistance and lignin synthesis is important in barley breeding and selection processes. The aim of the study was to reveal the connection between physiological aspects of lignin synthesis and genetic background of barley cultivars with different lodging phenotype. Three barley cultivars Astor, Scarlett and Jaran were compared by measuring lignin, cellulose and total soluble phenolics content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL) and expression of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in three lower internodes at flowering and grain filling stage. To assess their genetic background simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, connected to lodging resistance and plant height, were analyzed. Compared to lodging susceptible cultivars Scarlett and Jaran, a lodging resistant cultivar Astor revealed different dynamics of lignin synthesis and deposition, showing higher PAL activity and total soluble phenolics content as well as higher expression of CCR and CAD genes in the second internode at grain filling stage. Analysis of SSR markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for lodging resistance revealed that Astor discriminates from Scarlett and Jaran by marker Bmag337 connected with elongation of the second internode. Lignification process is under a strong influence of genotype and environmental factors which determine lignin synthesis dynamics and deposition of lignin in the cell walls of barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivan Abičić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 3, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Alojzije Lalić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 3, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Lorenza Jägera 9, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Dunja Leljak-Levanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cesar V, Jozić I, Begović L, Vuković T, Mlinarić S, Lepeduš H, Borović Šunjić S, Žarković N. Cell-Type-Specific Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Cytotoxicity and 4-Hydroxynonenal Binding to Human Cellular Proteins In Vitro by Antioxidant Aloe vera Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100125. [PMID: 30241411 PMCID: PMC6210414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Aloe vera contains numerous bioactive components, the activity principles of widely used A. vera extracts are uncertain. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of genuine A. vera aqueous extract (AV) on human cells with respect to the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Fully developed A. vera leaves were harvested and analyzed for vitamin C, carotenoids, total soluble phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, human cervical cancer (HeLa), human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), human keratinocytes (HaCat), and human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell cultures were treated with AV extract for one hour after treatment with H2O2 or HNE. The cell number and viability were determined using Trypan Blue, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by fluorescence, while intracellular HNE–protein adducts were measured for the first time ever by genuine cell-based HNE–His ELISA. The AV extract expressed strong antioxidant capacities (1.1 mmol of Trolox eq/g fresh weight) and cell-type-specific influence on the cytotoxicity of H2O2, as well as on endogenous production of ROS and HNE–protein adducts induced by HNE treatment, while AV itself did not induce production of ROS or HNE–protein adducts at all. This study, for the first time, revealed the importance of HNE for the activity principles of AV. Since HMEC cells were the most sensitive to AV, the effects of AV on microvascular endothelia could be of particular importance for the activity principles of Aloe vera extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Iva Jozić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tea Vuković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, L. Jägera 9, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Suzana Borović Šunjić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chhikara N, Devi HR, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gupta P, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds, food applications and health benefits of Parkia speciosa (stinky beans): a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40066-018-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Mehmood A, Naeem M, Khalid F, Saeed Y, Abbas T, Jabran K, Sarwar MA, Tanveer A, Javaid MM. Identification of phytotoxins in different plant parts of Brassica napus and their influence on mung bean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18071-18080. [PMID: 29691745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants in Brassica genus have been found to possess strong allelopathic potential. They may inhibit seed germination and emergence of subsequent crops following them in a rotation system. Series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the allelopathic impacts of Brassica napus L. against mung bean. We studied (1) the effects of aqueous extract (5%) of different plant parts (root, stem, leaf, flower, and whole plant) of B. napus, (2) the effects of leaf and flower extracts of B. napus at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% concentrations, and (3) the effect of residues of different B. napus plant parts and decomposition periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) on germination and seedling growth of mung bean. Various types of phenolics including quercitin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumeric acid, m-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinamic acid, and gallic acid were identified in plant parts of B. napus. Among aqueous extracts of various plant parts, leaf and flower were found to have stronger inhibitory effects on germination and seedling growth traits of mung bean, higher concentrations were more toxic. The decomposition period changed the phtotoxic effect of residues, more inhibitory effect was shown at 14 days decomposition while decomposition for 21 days reduced inhibitory effect. The more total water-soluble phenolic was found in 5% (w/v) aqueous extract and 5% (w/w) residues of B. napus flowers at 14 days of decomposition (89.80 and 10.47 mg L-1), respectively. The strong inhibitory effects of B. napus should be managed when followed in rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Mehmood
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Khalid
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Saeed
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tasawer Abbas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | - Asif Tanveer
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Influence of the growth phenophases on the phenolic composition and anti-oxidant properties of Roscoea procera Wall. in western Himalaya. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 55:578-585. [PMID: 29391622 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Roscoea procera Wall. is one of the important Himalayan medicinal plant used in traditional as well as in modern health care system. The present study aimed to find out the influence of different phenophases on the phenolic compounds and anti-oxidant properties by analysing after every week for over 4 months from shoot bud initiation to the preparation of senescence. Concentration of total phenolic content were found to be about 1.5 times higher in preparation of senescence phase (6.10 mg GAE/g dry weight or dw) as compared to vegetative growth phase. Similarly, total flavonoid concentration ranged from 4.36 to 5.65 mg querectin equivalents/g dw. The concentration of selected phenolic compounds, i.e., gallic acid, catechin and p-coumaric acid was quantified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography and varied significantly among the different phenophases. While, anti-oxidant activity was found 2-3 times higher in preparation of senescence phase as compared to vegetative phase. Thus, these results concluded that in R. procera, November month (preparation of senescence phase) could be recommended for extracting optimum level of total phenolics, flavonoids and anti-oxidant activity. These results will be further helpful for obtaining maximum benefits from the species and to reduce pressure on reproductive phase while ensuring its conservation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu F, Xiang N, Hu JG, Shijuan Y, Xie L, Brennan CS, Huang W, Guo X. The manipulation of gene expression and the biosynthesis of Vitamin C, E and folate in light-and dark-germination of sweet corn seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7484. [PMID: 28790401 PMCID: PMC5548755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential interrelationship between gene expression and biosynthesis of vitamin C, E and folate in sweet corn sprouts. Germination of sweet corn kernels was conducted in light and dark environments to determine if this relationship was regulated by photo-illumination. Results indicated that light and dark environments affected the DHAR, TMT and GTPCH expression and that these genes were the predominant genes of vitamin C, E and folate biosynthesis pathways respectively during the germination. Levels of vitamin C and folate increased during the germination of sweet corn seeds while vitamin E had a declining manner. Sweet corn sprouts had higher vitamin C and E levels as well as relevant gene expression levels in light environment while illumination had little influence on the folate contents and the gene expression levels during the germination. These results indicate that there might be a collaborative relationship between vitamin C and folate regulation during sweet corn seed germination, while an inhibitive regulation might exist between vitamin C and E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jian Guang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Shijuan
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bualuang O, Onwude DI, Pracha K. Microwave drying of germinated corn and its effect on phytochemical properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2999-3004. [PMID: 27859376 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drying is a preservation method that removes or reduces the moisture content of a product. This process can affect the nutritional properties of agricultural crops. Therefore this research sought to investigate the effect of microwave drying power (100-700 W) on the drying rate, effective diffusivity, β-carotene content (BCC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of sprouted corn, which can be applied as a rich antioxidant source. RESULTS With increasing microwave drying power from 100 to 700 W, the effective diffusivity was in the range from 1.50 × 10-6 to 1.81 × 10-5 m2 s-1 , while BCC ranged from 614.20 ± 3.10 to 229.90 ± 1.00 µg β-carotene equivalent g-1 dry weight (DW), decreasing gradually by 62.57%. Meanwhile, TPC and TFC of samples dried at 300 W were the highest, with levels of 315.94 ± 0.69 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 DW and 190.16 ± 1.33 mg catechin equivalent g-1 DW respectively, which were higher by 8.66 and 98.97% as compared with samples dried at 100 W. Similar development was found in the antioxidant ability of germinated corn. CONCLUSION Drying at a microwave power of 300 W provided the highest nutritive and antioxidant values. The results of this study are useful in the selection of optimal drying conditions during microwave drying of germinated corn, as a baseline for other agricultural crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oraporn Bualuang
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Kwanta Pracha
- Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiang N, Guo X, Liu F, Li Q, Hu J, Brennan CS. Effect of Light- and Dark-Germination on the Phenolic Biosynthesis, Phytochemical Profiles, and Antioxidant Activities in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Sprouts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061246. [PMID: 28604597 PMCID: PMC5486069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet corn is one of the most widely planted crops in China. Sprouting of grains is a new processes to increase the nutritional value of grain products. The present study explores the effects of light on the nutritional quality of sweet corn sprouts. Gene expression of phenolic biosynthesis, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity were studied. Two treatments (light and dark) were selected and the morphological structure of sweet corn sprouts, as well as their biochemical composition were investigated to determine the effects of light on the regulation of genes responsible for nutritional compounds. Transcription analyses for three key-encoding genes in the biosynthesis of the precursors of phenolic were studied. Results revealed a negative regulation in the expression of ZmPAL with total phenolic content (TPC) in the light group. TPC and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased during germination and this was correlated with an increase in antioxidant activity (r = 0.95 and 1.0). The findings illustrate that the nutritional value of sweet corn for the consumer can be improved through germination to the euphylla stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Quan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Charles Stephen Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shirvani A, Goli SAH, Shahedi M, Soleimanian-Zad S. Changes in nutritional value and application of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on microbial and organoleptic markers of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Jisha KC, Puthur JT. Seed priming with BABA (β-amino butyric acid): a cost-effective method of abiotic stress tolerance in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:277-89. [PMID: 25837010 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of β-amino butyric acid (BABA) on abiotic stress tolerance potential of three Vigna radiata varieties were studied. The reduction in the growth of seedlings subjected to NaCl/polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress is alleviated by BABA seed priming, which also enhanced photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic and mitochondrial activities, and also modified the chlorophyll a fluorescence-related parameters. Moreover, BABA seed priming reduced malondialdehyde content in the seedlings and enhanced the accumulation of proline, total protein, total carbohydrate, nitrate reductase activity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Most of these positive features of BABA priming were predominantly exhibited when the plants were encountered with stress (NaCl/PEG). The BABA content in the BABA-treated green gram seeds and seedlings was also detected and quantified with high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), and it revealed that the priming effect of BABA initiated in seeds and further gets carried over to the seedlings. It was concluded that BABA seed priming improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance potential of all the three green gram varieties, and it was evident in the NaCl-tolerant variety Pusa Vishal as compared to Pusa Ratna (abiotic stress sensitive) and Pusa 9531(drought tolerant). Dual mode in cost effectiveness of BABA priming is evident from: (1) the positive features of priming are being exhibited more during the exposure of plants to stress, and (2) priming of seedlings can be carried out by BABA application to seeds at very low concentration and volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Jisha
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khaliq A, Aslam F, Matloob A, Hussain S, Tanveer A, Alsaadawi I, Geng M. Residual phytotoxicity of parthenium: Impact on some winter crops, weeds and soil properties. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:352-359. [PMID: 26318970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxic effects of parthenium residues incorporation and parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil on emergence and seedling growth of winter crops (wheat and canola) and weed species (wild oat and canary grass) were examined in different pot studies. In first experiment, parthenium whole plant residues were incorporated at 6 and 8 g kg(-1) soil five days prior to sowing. Pots without residues incorporation were maintained as control. In a second study, parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil collected from different depths (15 and 22.5 cm) and collar regions (horizontal distance away from plant trunk, 15 and 22.5 cm), was used as growing medium. Parthenium-free soil was used as control. Parthenium residues amendment as well as its rhizospheric soil was detrimental for emergence and seedling growth of all test species. Incorporation of parthenium residues reduced the final emergence of canola, wild oat and canary grass by 11-20%, 20-29% and 20-27%, respectively; however wheat emergence was unaffected. Moreover, seedling biomass of wheat, canola, wild oat and canary grass was reduced in the range of 41-48%, 53-61%, 31-45% and 30-45% by parthenium residues incorporation. In second study, soil collected from a rhizospheric depth of 15 cm and collar distance of 15 cm reduced the emergence and seedling growth by 15% and 40%, respectively averaged across different test species. Parthenium residues incorporation and infested rhizospheric soil increased the soil phenolics, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and nitrogen contents over control soils with the exception of pH that was declined. All test species manifested reduced chlorophyll and increased phenolic contents in response to parthenium residues incorporation and infested rhizospheric soil. The inhibition in emergence and seedling growth of all test species was associated with increase in phenolic contents. Parthenium residues incorporation at 8 g kg(-1) soil and upper parthenium-infested rhizospheric soil (15 cm soil depth and 15 cm collar distance) were more phytotoxic for all test species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farhena Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Amar Matloob
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Asif Tanveer
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Alsaadawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mingjian Geng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khaliq A, Aslam F, Matloob A, Hussain S, Geng M, Wahid A, ur Rehman H. Seed Priming with Selenium: Consequences for Emergence, Seedling Growth, and Biochemical Attributes of Rice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:236-44. [PMID: 25690516 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to appraise the role of selenium priming for improving emergence and seedling growth of basmati rice. Seeds of two fine rice cultivars (Super and Shaheen Basmati) were primed with concentrations of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 μmol L(-1) selenium. Untreated dry- and hydro-primed seeds were maintained as the control and positive control, respectively. Selenium priming resulted in early commencement of emergence, triggered seedling growth irrespective of rice cultivar over untreated control, and was more effective than hydro-priming except at higher concentrations. Lower electrical conductivity of seed leachates, reduced lipid peroxidation, greater α-amylase activity, higher soluble sugars, and enhanced activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) were observed in seeds primed with selenium. Rice seedlings derived from selenium-primed seeds exhibited more chlorophyll contents, while total phenolics were comparable with those of the control seedlings. The improved starch metabolism, greater membrane stability, and increased activity of antioxidants were considered as possible mechanisms responsible for such improvements in emergence and seedling vigor of rice mediated by selenium priming. Priming with selenium (15-60 μmol L(-1)) favored rice emergence and seedling growth. Nevertheless, soaking seeds in relatively concentrated (90 and 105 μmol L(-1)) selenium solution had overall detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Seed halopriming outdo hydropriming in enhancing seedling vigor and osmotic stress tolerance potential of rice varieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-014-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
29
|
Jisha KC, Puthur JT. Halopriming of seeds imparts tolerance to NaCl and PEG induced stress in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek varieties. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:303-12. [PMID: 25049457 PMCID: PMC4101144 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The investigation was carried out to study the effect of halopriming on NaCl and polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) induced stress tolerance potential of three Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek varieties, with varied abiotic stress tolerance potential. Halopriming is a seed priming technique in which the seeds were soaked in various salt solutions (in this study NaCl was used). The results of the study indicated that the application of stresses (both NaCl and PEG) induced retardation of growth attributes (measured in terms of shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight) and decrease in physiological attributes like total chlorophyll content, metabolites, photosynthetic and mitochondrial activity of the seedlings in all three V. radiata (L.) varieties. However, halopriming of the seeds could reduce the extent of decrease in these biological attributes. NaCl and PEG stress also caused increase in MDA content (a product of membrane lipid peroxidation) in all the varieties studied and this increase was significantly minimized under halopriming. From the present investigation it was evident that among the green gram varieties studied, Pusa Vishal, a NaCl tolerant variety showed enhanced tolerance to NaCl and PEG induced stress, when the seeds were subjected to halopriming followed by Pusa Ratna (stress sensitive variety). Pusa 9531 (drought tolerant variety) also showed positive halopriming effects but it was less significant when compared to other two varieties. It could be concluded that halopriming improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance potential of all varieties and it was significantly higher in the Pusa Vishal as compared to Pusa 9531 and Pusa Ratna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Jisha
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus, P.O., Kerala, 673635 India
| | - Jos T. Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus, P.O., Kerala, 673635 India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sarkar D, Shetty K. Metabolic Stimulation of Plant Phenolics for Food Preservation and Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:395-413. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant phenolics as secondary metabolites are key to a plant's defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses. These phytochemicals are also increasingly relevant to food preservation and human health in terms of chronic disease management. Phenolic compounds from different food crops with different chemical structures and biological functions have the potential to act as natural antioxidants. Plant-based human foods are rich with these phenolic phytochemicals and can be used effectively for food preservation and bioactive enrichments through metabolic stimulation of key pathways. Phenolic metabolites protect against microbial degradation of plant-based foods during postharvest storage. Phenolics not only provide biotic protection but also help to counter biochemical and physical food deteriorations and to enhance shelf life and nutritional quality. This review summarizes the role of metabolically stimulated plant phenolics in food preservation and their impact on the prevention of oxidative stress–induced human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Sarkar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050;,
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050;,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tongul B, Tarhan L. The effect of menadione-induced oxidative stress on the in vivo reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Feng Y, Wang J, Luo S, Fan H, Jin Q. Costs of jasmonic acid induced defense in aboveground and belowground parts of corn (Zea mays L.). J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:984-91. [PMID: 22744011 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Costs of jasmonic acid (JA) induced plant defense have gained increasing attention. In this study, JA was applied continuously to the aboveground (AG) or belowground (BG) parts, or AG plus BG parts of corn (Zea mays L.) to investigate whether JA exposure in one part of the plant would affect defense responses in another part, and whether or not JA induced defense would incur allocation costs. The results indicated that continuous JA application to AG parts systemically affected the quantities of defense chemicals in the roots, and vice versa. Quantities of DIMBOA and total amounts of phenolic compounds in leaves or roots generally increased 2 or 4 wk after the JA treatment to different plant parts. In the first 2 wk after application, the increase of defense chemicals in leaves and roots was accompanied by a significant decrease of root length, root surface area, and root biomass. Four weeks after the JA application, however, no such costs for the increase of defense chemicals in leaves and roots were detected. Instead, shoot biomass and root biomass increased. The results suggest that JA as a defense signal can be transferred from AG parts to BG parts of corn, and vice versa. Costs for induced defense elicited by continuous JA application were found in the early 2 wk, while distinct benefits were observed later, i.e., 4 wk after JA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yangui T, Sayadi S, Chakroun H, Dhouib A. Effect of hydroxytyrosol-rich preparations on phenolic-linked antioxidant activity of seeds. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
34
|
Antioxidant properties of Lactobacillus-fermented and non-fermented Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther at different stages of maturity. Food Chem 2011; 129:804-9. [PMID: 25212302 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of bioactive compounds, during developmental stages of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther, was investigated between 30 and 90days as a function of physiological maturity. Three distinct phases were defined: immature phase (30days), intermediate developmental phase (30-60days), and maturation phase (60-90days). Gallic acid and quercetin, antioxidative bioactive compounds, were identified as biomarkers for determining the optimum physiological maturity stage in G. paraguayense E. Walther. With regard to the antioxidant activity of G. paraguayense E. Walther at different developmental stages, the results indicated that the leaves of immature G. paraguayense E. Walther had the highest 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS-), superoxide radical-, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·)-scavenging activities. Fermentation of G. paraguayense E. Walther with Lactobacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 significantly increased the level of flavonoids and total phenolics, including quercetin and gallic acid. Total phenols were the major naturally occurring antioxidant components in lactic acid bacteria-fermented G. paraguayense E. Walther.
Collapse
|
35
|
Singha IM, Kakoty Y, Unni BG, Kalita MC, Das J, Naglot A, Wann SB, Singh L. Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici using leaf extract of Piper betle L.: a preliminary study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Kaewnaree P, Vichitphan S, Klanrit P, SIRI B, Vichitphan K. Effect of Accelerated Aging Process on Seed Quality and Biochemical Changes in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2011.175.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
Goggin DE, Emery RJN, Powles SB, Steadman KJ. Initial characterisation of low and high seed dormancy populations of Lolium rigidum produced by repeated selection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:1282-1288. [PMID: 20478642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical bases of seed dormancy in Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) are largely unknown, and study of this process is complicated by the outcrossing nature of the species and the strong influence of environment on seed dormancy. In order to identify heritable biochemical factors contributing to seed dormancy in L. rigidum, seeds from a field-collected population were used to select sub-populations with consistently low or high seed dormancy over four generations. Low-dormancy seeds showed constitutive alpha-amylase activity prior to imbibition, higher concentrations of polyphenols and cis-zeatin, and lower abscisic acid and cis-zeatin riboside concentrations than high-dormancy seeds. Selection for high dormancy was associated with a reduction in response to dark-stratification for 21d at 20 degrees C (an effective means of releasing dormancy in the original, unselected population) over successive generations, but fluridone remained effective in breaking dormancy. Crossing of low- and high-dormancy populations indicated that dormancy level was not dependent upon the maternal genotype of the seed, and that the constitutive alpha-amylase activity and high seed anthocyanin concentrations characteristic of the low-dormancy populations were not correlated to high basal germination ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica E Goggin
- Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cao S, Hu Z, Zheng Y, Lu B. Effect of BTH on anthocyanin content and activities of related enzymes in Strawberry after harvest. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5801-5805. [PMID: 20377227 DOI: 10.1021/jf100742v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) at 0.2 g L(-1) on anthocyanin content and the enzymes involved in its metabolism such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase (4-CL), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruit was investigated in this study. The result showed that BTH treatment gave higher levels of anthocyanin in strawberries during 10 days of storage at 1 degrees C. Meanwhile, the treatment also increased the activities of G6PDH, SKDH, TAL, PAL, C4H, and DFR. These results indicated that the increase in anthocyanin content by BTH might result from the activation of its related enzymes. These data are the first evidence that BTH induces enzyme activities related to anthocyanin metabolism in strawberry fruit after harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Cao
- Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P R China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Damašius J, Venskutonis PR, Rovira J, González J, González L, Vinauskienė R. Characterisation of oregano water extracts and their effect on the quality characteristics of cooked pork. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Randhir R, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Effect of thermal processing on phenolics, antioxidant activity and health-relevant functionality of select grain sprouts and seedlings. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
42
|
Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of some Thai plants. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Khandaker L, Ali MB, Oba S. Total Polyphenol and Antioxidant Activity of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as Affected by Different Sunlight Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.77.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Policegoudra RS, Kumar MHS, Aradhya MS. Accumulation of bioactive compounds during growth and development of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8105-11. [PMID: 17715894 DOI: 10.1021/jf0715469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of bioactive compounds and storage components during developmental stages of mango ginger ( Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome was investigated from 60 to 240 days, as a function of physiological maturity. Four distinct developmental phases were defined, namely, vegetative phase (up to 60 days from planting), initiation and development phase (60-150 days), maturation phase (150-180 days), and senescence phase (180 days). Difurocumenonol, a bioactive terpenoid compound and phenolics were identified as biomarkers, to determine the optimum physiological maturity to harvest mango ginger rhizome. Accumulation of phenolics was observed in newly initiated rhizomes (after 60 days from planting). The phenolic content was high in mango ginger pulp compared to its juice. Newly initiated rhizome contained no difurocumenonol, and it was observed after 120 days after planting. Peak accumulation of phenolics, difurocumenonol, and total protein were noticed in 180 day old rhizome. Accordingly, the abundance of these components on 180 days was set as an optimum maturity standard for harvest of mango ginger rhizome, compared with a conventional harvest period that ranges from 200 to 240 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudragouda S Policegoudra
- Fruit and Vegetable Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kong WF, Chen JY, Hou ZX, Wen PF, Zhan JC, Pan QH, Huang WD. Activity and subcellular localization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in peach fruits. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:934-44. [PMID: 16884825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular distribution and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) were studied in developing peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Zaoyu) fruit. Fruit tissues were separated by differential centrifugation at 15,000g into plastidic and cytosolic fractions. There was no serious loss of enzyme activity (or activation) during the preparation of fractions. G6PDH activity was found in both the plastidic and cytosolic compartments. Moreover, DTT had no effect on the plastidic G6PDH activities, that is, the redox regulatory mechanism did not play an important role in the peach fleshy tissue. Results from the immunogold electron-microscope localization revealed that G6PDH isoenzymes were mainly present in the cytosol, the secondary wall and plastids (chloroplasts and chromoplasts), but scarcely found in the starch granules or the cell wall. In addition to a decrease in fruit firmness, the G6PDH activity in the cytotolic and plastidic fractions increased, and anthocyanin started to accumulate during fruit maturation. These results suggest that G6PDH, by providing precursors for metabolic processes, might be associated with the red coloration that occurs in peach fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fu Kong
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ferreres F, Sousa C, Valentão P, Seabra RM, Pereira JA, Andrade PB. Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) seeds: Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant potential. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Cuartero J, Bolarín MC, Asíns MJ, Moreno V. Increasing salt tolerance in the tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:1045-58. [PMID: 16520333 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a number of strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on plants will be reviewed; these strategies include using molecular markers and genetic transformation as tools to develop salinity-tolerant genotypes, and some cultural techniques. For more than 12 years, QTL analysis has been attempted in order to understand the genetics of salt tolerance and to deal with component traits in breeding programmes. Despite innovations like better marker systems and improved genetic mapping strategies, the success of marker-assisted selection has been very limited because, in part, of inadequate experimental design. Since salinity is variable in time and space, experimental design must allow the study of genotype x environment interaction. Genetic transformation could become a powerful tool in plant breeding, but the growing knowledge from plant physiology must be integrated with molecular breeding techniques. It has been shown that the expression of several transgenes promotes a higher level of salt tolerance in some species. Despite this promising result, the development of a salt-tolerant cultivar by way of transgenesis has still not been achieved. Future directions in order to overcome the present limitations are proposed. Three cultural techniques have proved useful in tomato to overcome, in part, the effects of salinity: treatment of seedlings with drought or NaCl ameliorates the adaptation of adult plants to salinity; mist applied to tomato plants grown in Mediterranean conditions improves vegetative growth and yield in saline conditions; and grafting tomato cultivars onto appropriate rootstocks could reduce the effects of salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cuartero
- Estacion Experimental La Mayora, CSIC, E-29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|