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Yao Y, Zhang S, Wang B, Lin X, Zhao G, Deng H, Chen Y. Neural dysfunction underlying working memory processing at different stages of the illness course in schizophrenia: a comparative meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae267. [PMID: 38960703 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, as a chronic and persistent disorder, exhibits working memory deficits across various stages of the disorder, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these deficits remain elusive with inconsistent neuroimaging findings. We aimed to compare the brain functional changes of working memory in patients at different stages: clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia, using meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Following a systematic literature search, 56 whole-brain task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (15 for clinical high risk, 16 for first-episode psychosis, and 25 for long-term schizophrenia) were included. The separate and pooled neurofunctional mechanisms among clinical high risk, first-episode psychosis, and long-term schizophrenia were generated by Seed-based d Mapping toolbox. The clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis groups exhibited overlapping hypoactivation in the right inferior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule, indicating key lesion sites in the early phase of schizophrenia. Individuals with first-episode psychosis showed lower activation in left inferior parietal lobule than those with long-term schizophrenia, reflecting a possible recovery process or more neural inefficiency. We concluded that SCZ represent as a continuum in the early stage of illness progression, while the neural bases are inversely changed with the development of illness course to long-term course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyao Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jinning, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shao T, Huang J, Zhao Y, Wang W, Tian X, Hei G, Kang D, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhao J, Liu B, Yuan TF, Wu R. Metformin improves cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia: associated with enhanced functional connectivity of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:315. [PMID: 37821461 PMCID: PMC10567690 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, which is aggravated by antipsychotics-induced metabolic disturbance and lacks effective pharmacologic treatments in clinical practice. Our previous study demonstrated the efficiency of metformin in alleviating metabolic disturbance following antipsychotic administration. Here we report that metformin could ameliorate cognitive impairment and improve functional connectivity (FC) in prefrontal regions. This is an open-labeled, evaluator-blinded study. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to receive antipsychotics plus metformin (N = 48) or antipsychotics alone (N = 24) for 24 weeks. The improvement in cognition was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Its association with metabolic measurements, and voxel-wise whole-brain FC with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) subregions as seeds were evaluated. When compared to the antipsychotics alone group, the addition of metformin resulted in significantly greater improvements in the MCCB composite score, speed of processing, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning. A significant time × group interaction effect of increased FC between DLPFC and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and between DLPFC subregions were observed after metformin treatment, which was positively correlated with MCCB cognitive performance. Furthermore, the FC between left DLPFC A9/46d to right ACC/MCC significantly mediated metformin-induced speed of processing improvement; the FC between left A46 to right ACC significantly mediated metformin-induced verbal learning improvement. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that metformin can improve cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients and is partly related to the FC changes in the DLPFC. Trial Registration: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03271866). The full trial protocol is provided in Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Gangrui Hei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Dongyu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Changde, Changde Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changde, 415900, PR China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200434, PR China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, PR China.
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Kang N, Shin W, Jung S, Bang M, Lee SH. The Effect of TNF-alpha rs1800629 Polymorphism on White Matter Structures and Memory Function in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1027-1036. [PMID: 36588437 PMCID: PMC9806513 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism on white matter integrity and memory function in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Fifty-five participants with schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. They were genotyped for TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Memory function was assessed using the Rey-Kim memory test. Participants with schizophrenia were grouped into GG homozygotes and A-allele carriers. RESULTS Compared to GG homozygotes, A-allele carriers had significantly lower scores for immediate and delayed recall and recognition of verbal memory and showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy in extensive brain regions. Lower total scores in immediate and delayed recall of verbal memory, immediate recall of visual memory, and figure copy of visual memory were significantly correlated with decreased mean fractional anisotropy in the white matter tracts of the corresponding brain regions. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the A-allele, which is associated with higher levels of TNF-α expression, correlates with lower connectivity of the fronto-temporal white matter compared to that in GG homozygotes. Impaired fronto-temporal connectivity may be associated with genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, leading to verbal and visual memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naok Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsuk Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sra Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Picó-Pérez M, Vieira R, Fernández-Rodríguez M, De Barros MAP, Radua J, Morgado P. Multimodal meta-analysis of structural gray matter, neurocognitive and social cognitive fMRI findings in schizophrenia patients. Psychol Med 2022; 52:614-624. [PMID: 35129109 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research has shown that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) present brain structural and functional alterations, but the results across imaging modalities and task paradigms are difficult to reconcile. Specifically, no meta-analyses have tested whether the same brain systems that are structurally different in SCZ patients are also involved in neurocognitive and social cognitive tasks. To answer this, we conducted separate meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry, neurocognitive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and social cognitive fMRI studies. Next, with a multimodal approach, we identified the common alterations across meta-analyses. Further exploratory meta-analyses were performed taking into account several clinical variables (illness duration, medication status, and symptom severity). A cluster covering the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), presented shared structural and neurocognitive-related activation decreases, while the right angular gyrus presented shared decreases between structural and social cognitive-related activation. The exploratory meta-analyses replicated to some extent these findings, while new regions of alterations appeared in patient subgroups with specific clinical features. In conclusion, we found task-specific correlates of brain structure and function in SCZ, which help summarize and integrate a growing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marcos Fernández-Rodríguez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Antónia Pereira De Barros
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Frydecka D, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Pawlak E, Kłosińska E, Krefft M, Al Noaimy K, Rymaszewska J, Moustafa AA, Drapała J, Misiak B. Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12010090. [PMID: 35053833 PMCID: PMC8773670 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks hypothesized to probe the function and interaction of the PFC and BG in patients with SZ-spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control (HC) subjects. In the Instructed Probabilistic Selection task (IPST), participants received false instruction about one of the stimuli used in the course of probabilistic learning which creates confirmation bias, whereby the instructed stimulus is overvalued in comparison to its real experienced value. The IPST was administered to 102 patients with SZ and 120 HC subjects. We have shown that SZ patients and HC subjects were equally influenced by false instruction in reinforcement learning (RL) probabilistic task (IPST) (p-value = 0.441); however, HC subjects had significantly higher learning rates associated with the process of overcoming cognitive bias in comparison to SZ patients (p-value = 0.018). The behavioral results of our study could be hypothesized to provide further evidence for impairments in the SZ-BG circuitry; however, this should be verified by neurofunctional imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.B.); (M.K.); (K.A.N.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.P.); (B.M.)
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.B.); (M.K.); (K.A.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigel Street 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kłosińska
- Day-Care Psychiatric Unit, University Clinical Hospital, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maja Krefft
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.B.); (M.K.); (K.A.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Kamila Al Noaimy
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.B.); (M.K.); (K.A.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.B.); (M.K.); (K.A.N.); (J.R.)
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Jarosław Drapała
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.P.); (B.M.)
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Numan R. The Prefrontal-Hippocampal Comparator: Volition and Episodic Memory. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2421-2447. [PMID: 34424092 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211041341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research that is relevant to the prefrontal-hippocampal comparator model with the following conclusions: 1. Hippocampal area CA1 serves, at least in part, as an associative match-mismatch comparator. 2. Voluntary movement strengthens episodic memories for goal-directed behavior. 3. Hippocampal theta power serves as a prediction error signal during hippocampal dependent tasks. 4. The self-referential component of episodic memory in humans is mediated by the corollary discharge (the efference copy of the action plan developed by prefrontal cortex and transmitted to hippocampus where it is stored as a working memory; CA1 uses this efference copy to compare the expected consequences of action to the actual consequences of action). 5. Impairments in the production or transmission of this corollary discharge may contribute to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Unresolved issues and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Numan
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States
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Kwok SC, Xu X, Duan W, Wang X, Tang Y, Allé MC, Berna F. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Altered hippocampal-prefrontal functional network integrity in adult macaque monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117645. [PMID: 33338613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) play critical but different roles in working memory (WM) processes. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was employed to investigate the effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions on the functional connectivity (FC) between the hippocampus (H) and the DLPFC and VLPFC and its relation to WM performance in adult monkeys. Adult rhesus monkeys with neonatal H lesions (Neo-H, n = 5) and age- and gender-matched sham-operated monkeys (Neo-C, n = 5) were scanned around 10 years of age. The FC of H-DLPFC and H-VLPFC in Neo-H monkeys was significantly altered as compared to controls, but also switched from being positive in the Neo-C to negative in the Neo-H. In addition, the altered magnitude of FC between right H and bilateral DLPFC was significantly associated with the extent of the hippocampal lesions. In particular, the effects of neonatal hippocampal lesion on FC appeared to be selective to the left hemisphere of the brain (i.e. asymmetric in the two hemispheres). Finally, FC between H and DLPFC correlated with WM task performance on the SU-DNMS and the Obj-SO tasks for the control animals, but only with the H-VLPFC and SU-DNMS task for the Neo-H animals. In conclusion, the present rsfMRI study revealed that the neonatal hippocampal lesions significantly but differently altered the integrity in the functional connectivity of H-DLPFC and H-VLPFC. The similarities between the behavioral, cognitive and neural alterations in Neo-H monkeys and Schizophrenia (SZ) patients provide a strong translational model to develop new therapeutic tools for SZ.
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Kang Y, Huang K, Lv Y, Zhang W, Cai S, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Wang J, Tian J. Genetic contribution of catechol-O-methyltransferase in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional changes in the first episode schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:225-232. [PMID: 30738913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene variants have been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, especially in negative symptoms. These symptoms including apathy, blunted affect, social withdrawal and motor retardation. Neuroimaging studies suggested that negative symptoms appear to be associated with impaired activities of the prefrontal cortex in particular the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Given that the COMT gene is highly expressed in the DLPFC, it is poorly understood whether the disease state and COMT val158met polymorphisms have main and interactive effect on the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of DLPFC-related pathways. To this end, fifty-five first episode schizophrenia (FES) and fifty-three healthy controls were genotyped using blood samples and underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Seed-based voxel wise functional connectivity analysis was performed by placing bilateral pairs of seeds with DLPFC in area 46 defined by Brodmann's atlas. A two-ways ANCOVA model was performed with val158met genotypes and disease state as the between subjects factors. Significant disease × COMT interactive effect was found mainly in the left DLPFC with the left anterior cingulate cortex, right precuneus, right superior parietal gyrus, which were overlapped with disease main effect. And these RSFC had positive correlations with affective blunting scores in FES patients with val homozygotes, but not with met carriers. Our results showed that the disease and the genotypes in COMT gene have significant interactive effect on RSFC of DLPFC and provided evidence for a disease-dependent pattern of gene action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suping Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Rashid B, Chen J, Rashid I, Damaraju E, Liu J, Miller R, Agcaoglu O, van Erp TGM, Lim KO, Turner JA, Mathalon DH, Ford JM, Voyvodic J, Mueller BA, Belger A, McEwen S, Potkin SG, Preda A, Bustillo JR, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD. A framework for linking resting-state chronnectome/genome features in schizophrenia: A pilot study. Neuroimage 2019; 184:843-854. [PMID: 30300752 PMCID: PMC6230505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodal, imaging-genomics techniques offer a platform for understanding genetic influences on brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Such approaches utilize the information available from both imaging and genomics data and identify their association. Particularly for complex disorders such as schizophrenia, the relationship between imaging and genomic features may be better understood by incorporating additional information provided by advanced multimodal modeling. In this study, we propose a novel framework to combine features corresponding to functional magnetic resonance imaging (functional) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 61 schizophrenia (SZ) patients and 87 healthy controls (HC). In particular, the features for the functional and genetic modalities include dynamic (i.e., time-varying) functional network connectivity (dFNC) features and the SNP data, respectively. The dFNC features are estimated from component time-courses, obtained using group independent component analysis (ICA), by computing sliding-window functional network connectivity, and then estimating subject specific states from this dFNC data using a k-means clustering approach. For each subject, both the functional (dFNC states) and SNP data are selected as features for a parallel ICA (pICA) based imaging-genomic framework. This analysis identified a significant association between a SNP component (defined by large clusters of functionally related SNPs statistically correlated with phenotype components) and time-varying or dFNC component (defined by clusters of related connectivity links among distant brain regions distributed across discrete dynamic states, and statistically correlated with genomic components) in schizophrenia. Importantly, the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for SZ (computed as a linearly weighted sum of the genotype profiles with weights derived from the odds ratios of the psychiatric genomics consortium (PGC)) was negatively correlated with the significant dFNC component, which were mostly present within a state that exhibited a lower occupancy rate in individuals with SZ compared with HC, hence identifying a potential dFNC imaging biomarker for schizophrenia. Taken together, the current findings provide preliminary evidence for a link between dFNC measures and genetic risk, suggesting the application of dFNC patterns as biomarkers in imaging genetic association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaly Rashid
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ishtiaque Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center - Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Pflueger MO, Calabrese P, Studerus E, Zimmermann R, Gschwandtner U, Borgwardt S, Aston J, Stieglitz RD, Riecher-Rössler A. The neuropsychology of emerging psychosis and the role of working memory in episodic memory encoding. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:157-168. [PMID: 29785144 PMCID: PMC5953273 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s149425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Episodic memory encoding and working memory (WM) deficits are among the first cognitive signs and symptoms in the course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, it is not clear whether the deficit pattern is generalized or specific in nature. We hypothesized that encoding deficits at an early stage of the disease might be due to the more fundamental WM deficits. Methods We examined episodic memory encoding and WM by administering the California Verbal Learning Test, a 2-back task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in 90 first-episode psychosis (FE) patients and 116 individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) compared to 57 healthy subjects. Results Learning progress, but not span of apprehension, was diminished to a similar extent in both the ARMS and the FE. We showed that this was due to WM impairment by applying a structural equation approach. Conclusion Thus, we conclude that verbal memory encoding deficits are secondary to primary WM impairment in emerging psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon O Pflueger
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- Division of Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Studerus
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ute Gschwandtner
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Aston
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Gao X, Zhang W, Yao L, Xiao Y, Liu L, Liu J, Li S, Tao B, Shah C, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:131-142. [PMID: 29481320 PMCID: PMC5837885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have shown both structural and functional abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, studies have begun to explore the association between structural and functional grey matter abnormalities. By conducting a meta-analysis on morphometric and functional imaging studies of grey matter alterations in drug-free patients, the present study aims to examine the degree of overlap between brain regions with anatomic and functional changes in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant publications. A multimodal analysis was then conducted using Seed-based d Mapping software. Exploratory analyses included jackknife, subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS We included 15 structural MRI studies comprising 486 drug-free patients and 485 healthy controls, and 16 functional MRI studies comprising 403 drug-free patients and 428 controls in our meta-analysis. Drug-free patients were examined to reduce pharmacological effects on the imaging data. Multimodal analysis showed considerable overlap between anatomic and functional changes, mainly in frontotemporal regions, bilateral medial posterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, basal ganglia and left cerebellum. There were also brain regions showing only anatomic changes in the right superior frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and functional alternations involving the right angular gyrus. LIMITATIONS The methodological aspects, patient characteristics and clinical variables of the included studies were heterogeneous, and we cannot exclude medication effects. CONCLUSION The present study showed overlapping anatomic and functional brain abnormalities mainly in the default mode (DMN) and auditory networks (AN) in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of changes differed in these networks. Decreased grey matter was associated with decreased activation within the DMN, whereas it was associated with increased activation within the AN. These discrete patterns suggest different pathophysiological changes impacting structural and functional associations within different neural networks in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Li Yao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Yuan Xiao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Lu Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Jieke Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Siyi Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Bo Tao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Chandan Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
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13
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Gao X, Zhang W, Yao L, Xiao Y, Liu L, Liu J, Li S, Tao B, Shah C, Gong Q, Sweeney JA, Lui S. Association between structural and functional brain alterations in drug-free patients with schizophrenia: a multimodal meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 43:160219. [PMID: 29244020 PMCID: PMC5837885 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have shown both structural and functional abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, studies have begun to explore the association between structural and functional grey matter abnormalities. By conducting a meta-analysis on morphometric and functional imaging studies of grey matter alterations in drug-free patients, the present study aims to examine the degree of overlap between brain regions with anatomic and functional changes in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant publications. A multimodal analysis was then conducted using Seed-based d Mapping software. Exploratory analyses included jackknife, subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS We included 15 structural MRI studies comprising 486 drug-free patients and 485 healthy controls, and 16 functional MRI studies comprising 403 drug-free patients and 428 controls in our meta-analysis. Drug-free patients were examined to reduce pharmacological effects on the imaging data. Multimodal analysis showed considerable overlap between anatomic and functional changes, mainly in frontotemporal regions, bilateral medial posterior cingulate/paracingulate gyrus, bilateral insula, basal ganglia and left cerebellum. There were also brain regions showing only anatomic changes in the right superior frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right lingual gyrus and functional alternations involving the right angular gyrus. LIMITATIONS The methodological aspects, patient characteristics and clinical variables of the included studies were heterogeneous, and we cannot exclude medication effects. CONCLUSION The present study showed overlapping anatomic and functional brain abnormalities mainly in the default mode (DMN) and auditory networks (AN) in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of changes differed in these networks. Decreased grey matter was associated with decreased activation within the DMN, whereas it was associated with increased activation within the AN. These discrete patterns suggest different pathophysiological changes impacting structural and functional associations within different neural networks in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Li Yao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Yuan Xiao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Lu Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Jieke Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Siyi Li
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Bo Tao
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Chandan Shah
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (Gao, Lui); the Department of Radiology, the Centre for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (Gao, Zhang, Yao, Xiao, Liu, Li, Tao, Shah, Gong, Lui); and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex, USA (Sweeney)
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14
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Díez-Cirarda M, Ojeda N, Peña J, Cabrera-Zubizarreta A, Lucas-Jiménez O, Gómez-Esteban JC, Gómez-Beldarrain MÁ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. Increased brain connectivity and activation after cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:1640-1651. [PMID: 27757820 PMCID: PMC5707237 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive rehabilitation programs have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about cerebral changes associated with an integrative cognitive rehabilitation in PD. To assess structural and functional cerebral changes in PD patients, after attending a three-month integrative cognitive rehabilitation program (REHACOP). Forty-four PD patients were randomly divided into REHACOP group (cognitive rehabilitation) and a control group (occupational therapy). T1-weighted, diffusion weighted and functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) during resting-state and during a memory paradigm (with learning and recognition tasks) were acquired at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Cerebral changes were assessed with repeated measures ANOVA 2 × 2 for group x time interaction. During resting-state fMRI, the REHACOP group showed significantly increased brain connectivity between the left inferior temporal lobe and the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to the control group. Moreover, during the recognition fMRI task, the REHACOP group showed significantly increased brain activation in the left middle temporal area compared to the control group. During the learning fMRI task, the REHACOP group showed increased brain activation in the left inferior frontal lobe at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. No significant structural changes were found between pre- and post-treatment. Finally, the REHACOP group showed significant and positive correlations between the brain connectivity and activation and the cognitive performance at post-treatment. This randomized controlled trial suggests that an integrative cognitive rehabilitation program can produce significant functional cerebral changes in PD patients and adds evidence to the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation programs in the therapeutic approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Díez-Cirarda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | | | - Olaia Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Biocruces Research Institute; Neurology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | | | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain.
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O’Neill A, Bhattacharyya S. Investigating the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Early Psychosis. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 2:85-92. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Bähner F, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity as a translational phenotype for schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:93-106. [PMID: 28089652 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Finding novel biological targets in psychiatry has been difficult, partly because current diagnostic categories are not defined by pathophysiology and difficult to model in animals. The study of species-conserved systems-level mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disease could be a promising strategy to address some of these difficulties. Altered hippocampal-prefrontal (HC-PFC) connectivity during working memory (WM) processing is a candidate for such a translational phenotype as it has been repeatedly associated with impaired cognition in schizophrenia patients and animal models for psychiatric risk factors. Specifically, persistent hippocampus-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (HC-DLPFC) coupling during WM is an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia that has been observed in patients, healthy relatives and carriers of two different risk polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies. Rodent studies report reduced coherence between HC and PFC during anesthesia, sleep and task performance in both genetic, environmental and neurodevelopmental models for schizophrenia. We discuss several challenges for translation including differences in anatomy, recording modalities and WM paradigms and suggest that a better understanding of HC-PFC coupling across species can be achieved if translational neuroimaging is used to control for task differences. The evidence for potential neurobiological substrates underlying HC-PFC dysconnectivity is evaluated and research strategies are proposed that aim to bridge the gap between findings from large-scale association studies and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bähner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg-Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg-Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Abnormal N400 Semantic Priming Effect May Reflect Psychopathological Processes in Schizophrenia: A Twin Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 2017:7163198. [PMID: 28932600 PMCID: PMC5592423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7163198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of semantic networks is indexed by the N400 effect. We used a twin study design to investigate whether N400 effect abnormalities reflect genetic/trait liability or are related to psychopathological processes in schizophrenia. METHODS We employed robust linear regression to compare N400 and behavioral priming effects across 36 monozygotic twin pairs (6 pairs concordant for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 11 discordant pairs, and 19 healthy control pairs) performing a lexical decision task. Moreover, we examined the correlation between Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score and the N400 effect and the influence of medication status on this effect. RESULTS Regression yielded a significant main effect of group on the N400 effect only in the direct priming condition (p = 0.003). Indirect condition and behavioral priming effect showed no significant effect of group. Planned contrasts with the control group as a reference group revealed that affected concordant twins had significantly reduced N400 effect compared to controls, and discordant affected twins had a statistical trend for reduced N400 effect compared to controls. The unaffected twins did not differ significantly from the controls. There was a trend for correlation between reduced N400 effect and higher BPRS scores, and the N400 effect did not differ significantly between medicated and unmedicated patients. CONCLUSIONS Reduced N400 effect may reflect disease-specific processes in schizophrenia implicating frontotemporal brain network in schizophrenia pathology.
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Biagianti B, Fisher M, Neilands TB, Loewy R, Vinogradov S. Engagement with the auditory processing system during targeted auditory cognitive training mediates changes in cognitive outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:998-1008. [PMID: 27617637 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia who engage in targeted cognitive training (TCT) of the auditory system show generalized cognitive improvements. The high degree of variability in cognitive gains maybe due to individual differences in the level of engagement of the underlying neural system target. METHOD 131 individuals with schizophrenia underwent 40 hours of TCT. We identified target engagement of auditory system processing efficiency by modeling subject-specific trajectories of auditory processing speed (APS) over time. Lowess analysis, mixed models repeated measures analysis, and latent growth curve modeling were used to examine whether APS trajectories were moderated by age and illness duration, and mediated improvements in cognitive outcome measures. RESULTS We observed significant improvements in APS from baseline to 20 hours of training (initial change), followed by a flat APS trajectory (plateau) at subsequent time-points. Participants showed interindividual variability in the steepness of the initial APS change and in the APS plateau achieved and sustained between 20 and 40 hours. We found that participants who achieved the fastest APS plateau, showed the greatest transfer effects to untrained cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between an individual's ability to generate and sustain auditory processing efficiency and their degree of cognitive improvement after TCT, independent of baseline neurocognition. APS plateau may therefore represent a behavioral measure of target engagement mediating treatment response. Future studies should examine the optimal plateau of auditory processing efficiency required to induce significant cognitive improvements, in the context of interindividual differences in neural plasticity and sensory system efficiency that characterize schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Biagianti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Melissa Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco
| | | | - Rachel Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco
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Green AE, Croft RJ, Maller JJ, Fitzgerald PB. White matter correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:188-198. [PMID: 27479923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) impairments in schizophrenia (SZ) are predictive of functional outcome and are a potential endophenotype of the disorder. The current study investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of EM encoding and retrieval in SZ with structural magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in 22 patients with SZ and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was used to investigate microstructural alterations in white matter (WM), while FreeSurfer surface-based analysis was used to determine abnormalities in grey matter (GM) and WM volumetrics and cortical thickness. Compared to controls, patients demonstrated GM deficits in temporal and parietal regions and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM in diffuse brain regions. Patients also demonstrated reduced functioning in both encoding and retention of auditory-verbal EM. Among patients but not controls, EM encoding correlated with WM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and increased radial diffusivity in the fornix, whereas EM retrieval correlated with WM volume in posterior parietal cortex. These findings suggest a differential role for frontal and parietal WM in EM encoding and retrieval processes, while myelin integrity of the fornix may play a specific role in mediating EM encoding processes in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity E Green
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia.
| | - Rodney J Croft
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia
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20
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Kraguljac NV, White DM, Hadley N, Hadley JA, ver Hoef L, Davis E, Lahti AC. Aberrant Hippocampal Connectivity in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia and Effects of Antipsychotic Medication: A Longitudinal Resting State Functional MRI Study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1046-55. [PMID: 26873890 PMCID: PMC4903060 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To better characterize hippocampal pathophysiology in schizophrenia, we conducted a longitudinal study evaluating hippocampal functional connectivity during resting state, using seeds prescribed in its anterior and posterior regions. We enrolled 34 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 34 matched healthy controls. SZ were scanned while off medication, then were treated with risperidone for 6 weeks and re-scanned (n = 22). Group differences in connectivity, as well as changes in connectivity over time, were assessed on the group's participant level functional connectivity maps. We found significant dysconnectivity with anterior and posterior hippocampal seeds in unmedicated SZ. Baseline connectivity between the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, auditory cortex and calcarine sulcus in SZ predicted subsequent response to antipsychotic medications. These same regions demonstrated changes over the 6-week treatment trial that were correlated with symptomatic improvement. Our findings implicate several neural networks relevant to clinical improvement with antipsychotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nathan Hadley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer Ann Hadley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lawrence ver Hoef
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ebony Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;
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Classification of schizophrenia and bipolar patients using static and dynamic resting-state fMRI brain connectivity. Neuroimage 2016; 134:645-657. [PMID: 27118088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, functional network connectivity (FNC, defined as the temporal correlation among spatially distant brain networks) has been used to examine the functional organization of brain networks in various psychiatric illnesses. Dynamic FNC is a recent extension of the conventional FNC analysis that takes into account FNC changes over short periods of time. While such dynamic FNC measures may be more informative about various aspects of connectivity, there has been no detailed head-to-head comparison of the ability of static and dynamic FNC to perform classification in complex mental illnesses. This paper proposes a framework for automatic classification of schizophrenia, bipolar and healthy subjects based on their static and dynamic FNC features. Also, we compare cross-validated classification performance between static and dynamic FNC. Results show that the dynamic FNC significantly outperforms the static FNC in terms of predictive accuracy, indicating that features from dynamic FNC have distinct advantages over static FNC for classification purposes. Moreover, combining static and dynamic FNC features does not significantly improve the classification performance over the dynamic FNC features alone, suggesting that static FNC does not add any significant information when combined with dynamic FNC for classification purposes. A three-way classification methodology based on static and dynamic FNC features discriminates individual subjects into appropriate diagnostic groups with high accuracy. Our proposed classification framework is potentially applicable to additional mental disorders.
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Brown M, Kuperberg GR. A Hierarchical Generative Framework of Language Processing: Linking Language Perception, Interpretation, and Production Abnormalities in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:643. [PMID: 26640435 PMCID: PMC4661240 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Language and thought dysfunction are central to the schizophrenia syndrome. They are evident in the major symptoms of psychosis itself, particularly as disorganized language output (positive thought disorder) and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), and they also manifest as abnormalities in both high-level semantic and contextual processing and low-level perception. However, the literatures characterizing these abnormalities have largely been separate and have sometimes provided mutually exclusive accounts of aberrant language in schizophrenia. In this review, we propose that recent generative probabilistic frameworks of language processing can provide crucial insights that link these four lines of research. We first outline neural and cognitive evidence that real-time language comprehension and production normally involve internal generative circuits that propagate probabilistic predictions to perceptual cortices - predictions that are incrementally updated based on prediction error signals as new inputs are encountered. We then explain how disruptions to these circuits may compromise communicative abilities in schizophrenia by reducing the efficiency and robustness of both high-level language processing and low-level speech perception. We also argue that such disruptions may contribute to the phenomenology of thought-disordered speech and false perceptual inferences in the language system (i.e., AVHs). This perspective suggests a number of productive avenues for future research that may elucidate not only the mechanisms of language abnormalities in schizophrenia, but also promising directions for cognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Brown
- Department of Psychiatry–Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, CharlestownMA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, MedfordMA, USA
| | - Gina R. Kuperberg
- Department of Psychiatry–Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, CharlestownMA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, MedfordMA, USA
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Numan R. A Prefrontal-Hippocampal Comparator for Goal-Directed Behavior: The Intentional Self and Episodic Memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:323. [PMID: 26635567 PMCID: PMC4658443 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this article is that the interactions between the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus play a critical role in the modulation of goal-directed self-action and the strengthening of episodic memories. We describe various theories that model a comparator function for the hippocampus, and then elaborate the empirical evidence that supports these theories. One theory which describes a prefrontal-hippocampal comparator for voluntary action is emphasized. Action plans are essential for successful goal-directed behavior, and are elaborated by the prefrontal cortex. When an action plan is initiated, the prefrontal cortex transmits an efference copy (or corollary discharge) to the hippocampus where it is stored as a working memory for the action plan (which includes the expected outcomes of the action plan). The hippocampus then serves as a response intention-response outcome working memory comparator. Hippocampal comparator function is enabled by the hippocampal theta rhythm allowing the hippocampus to compare expected action outcomes to actual action outcomes. If the expected and actual outcomes match, the hippocampus transmits a signal to prefrontal cortex which strengthens or consolidates the action plan. If a mismatch occurs, the hippocampus transmits an error signal to the prefrontal cortex which facilitates a reformulation of the action plan, fostering behavioral flexibility and memory updating. The corollary discharge provides the self-referential component to the episodic memory, affording the personal and subjective experience of what behavior was carried out, when it was carried out, and in what context (where) it occurred. Such a perspective can be applied to episodic memory in humans, and episodic-like memory in non-human animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Numan
- Psychology Department, Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA, USA
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Kraguljac NV, White DM, Hadley JA, Visscher K, Knight D, ver Hoef L, Falola B, Lahti AC. Abnormalities in large scale functional networks in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and effects of risperidone. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 10:146-58. [PMID: 26793436 PMCID: PMC4683457 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe abnormalities in large scale functional networks in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and to examine effects of risperidone on networks. Material and methods 34 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and 34 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this longitudinal study. We collected resting state functional MRI data with a 3T scanner at baseline and six weeks after they were started on risperidone. In addition, a group of 19 healthy controls were scanned twice six weeks apart. Four large scale networks, the dorsal attention network, executive control network, salience network, and default mode network were identified with seed based functional connectivity analyses. Group differences in connectivity, as well as changes in connectivity over time, were assessed on the group's participant level functional connectivity maps. Results In unmedicated patients with schizophrenia we found resting state connectivity to be increased in the dorsal attention network, executive control network, and salience network relative to control participants, but not the default mode network. Dysconnectivity was attenuated after six weeks of treatment only in the dorsal attention network. Baseline connectivity in this network was also related to clinical response at six weeks of treatment with risperidone. Conclusions Our results demonstrate abnormalities in large scale functional networks in patients with schizophrenia that are modulated by risperidone only to a certain extent, underscoring the dire need for development of novel antipsychotic medications that have the ability to alleviate symptoms through attenuation of dysconnectivity. We found widespread functional dysconnectivity in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. Large scale functional networks appear differentially affected in the disorder. Attenuation of dysconnectivity with risperidone is seen only to a limited extent.
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Key Words
- ALFF, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations
- Antipsychotic medication
- BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent signal
- BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
- DAN, dorsal attention network
- DARTEL, diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra algorithm
- DMN, default mode network
- Default mode network
- Dorsal attention network
- ECN, executive control network
- Executive control network
- FD, framewise displacement
- FDR, false discovery rate
- HC, healthy control
- KE, cluster extent
- MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute
- RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
- SZ, patient with schizophrenia
- Salience network
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer Ann Hadley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kristina Visscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lawrence ver Hoef
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Blessing Falola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Ragland JD, Ranganath C, Phillips J, Boudewyn MA, Kring AM, Lesh TA, Long DL, Luck SJ, Niendam TA, Solomon M, Swaab TY, Carter CS. Cognitive Control of Episodic Memory in Schizophrenia: Differential Role of Dorsolateral and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:604. [PMID: 26617507 PMCID: PMC4639631 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dorsal (DLPFC) and ventral (VLPFC) subregions in lateral prefrontal cortex play distinct roles in episodic memory, and both are implicated in schizophrenia. We test the hypothesis that schizophrenia differentially impairs DLPFC versus VLPFC control of episodic encoding. Methods: Cognitive control was manipulated by requiring participants to encode targets and avoid encoding non-targets based upon stimulus properties of test stimuli. The more automatic encoding response (target versus non-target) was predicted to engage VLPFC in both groups. Conversely, having to overcome the prepotent encoding response (non-targets versus targets) was predicted to produce greater DLPFC activation in controls than in patients. Encoding occurred during event-related fMRI in a sample of 21 individuals with schizophrenia and 30 healthy participants. Scanning was followed by recognition testing outside the scanner. Results: Patients were less successful differentially remembering target versus non-target stimuli, and retrieval difficulties correlated with more severe disorganized symptoms. As predicted, the target versus non-target contrast activated the VLPFC and correlated with retrieval success in both groups. Conversely, the non-target versus target contrast produced greater DLPFC activation in controls than in patients, and DLPFC activation correlated with performance only in controls. Conclusion: Individuals with schizophrenia can successfully engage the VLPFC to provide control over semantic encoding of individual items, but are specifically impaired at engaging the DLPFC to main context for task-appropriate encoding and thereby generate improved memory for target versus non-target items. This extends previous cognitive control models based on response selection tasks to the memory domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA ; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Boudewyn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ann M Kring
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Debra L Long
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Luck
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA ; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Y Swaab
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA ; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
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26
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Zhang Y, Zheng J, Fan X, Guo X, Guo W, Yang G, Chen H, Zhao J, Lv L. Dysfunctional resting-state connectivities of brain regions with structural deficits in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia adolescents. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:353-9. [PMID: 26281967 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) are a subgroup of patients who present clinical symptoms between 13 and 18years of age. Little is known about neurodevelopmental abnormalities in this patient population. The present study was to examine possible resting-state dysfunctional connectivity of brain regions with altered gray matter volume in AOS. METHODS Gray matter volume was investigated by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Resting-state functional connectivity analysis was used to examine the correlations between regions with structural deficits and the remaining regions. RESULTS Thirty-seven first-episode schizophrenia adolescents and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared to the controls, the patients showed significantly decreased gray matter volumes in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) (ps<0.05). With the right STG as seed, significantly reduced connectivities were found within the frontal-temporal networks in the patient group (ps<0.05). With the right MTG as seed, the patient group showed significantly reduced connectivities in the default-mode networks and visual networks (ps<0.05). Compared to significant correlations in the controls (p=0.02), the patients had no observed correlations between functional connectivity of the right STG and gray matter volume of this region. Significant positive correlations were found between functional connectivity of the right STG with the left middle frontal gyrus and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (p=0.048) after controlling the confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings show dysfunctional resting-state connectivities of the right STG and MTG with decreased gray matter volume in adolescents with AOS, suggesting that neurodevelopmental abnormalities may be present in AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Key Laboratory for Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Key Laboratory for Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Key Laboratory for Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Key Laboratory for Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Brandt CL, Doan NT, Tønnesen S, Agartz I, Hugdahl K, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Assessing brain structural associations with working-memory related brain patterns in schizophrenia and healthy controls using linked independent component analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 9:253-63. [PMID: 26509112 PMCID: PMC4576364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychotic disorder with significant cognitive dysfunction. Abnormal brain activation during cognitive processing has been reported, both in task-positive and task-negative networks. Further, structural cortical and subcortical brain abnormalities have been documented, but little is known about how task-related brain activation is associated with brain anatomy in SZ compared to healthy controls (HC). Utilizing linked independent component analysis (LICA), a data-driven multimodal analysis approach, we investigated structure-function associations in a large sample of SZ (n = 96) and HC (n = 142). We tested for associations between task-positive (fronto-parietal) and task-negative (default-mode) brain networks derived from fMRI activation during an n-back working memory task, and brain structural measures of surface area, cortical thickness, and gray matter volume, and to what extent these associations differed in SZ compared to HC. A significant association (p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons) was found between a component reflecting the task-positive fronto-parietal network and another component reflecting cortical thickness in fronto-temporal brain regions in SZ, indicating increased activation with increased thickness. Other structure-function associations across, between and within groups were generally moderate and significant at a nominal p-level only, with more numerous and stronger associations in SZ compared to HC. These results indicate a complex pattern of moderate associations between brain activation during cognitive processing and brain morphometry, and extend previous findings of fronto-temporal brain abnormalities in SZ by suggesting a coupling between cortical thickness of these brain regions and working memory-related brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lycke Brandt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siren Tønnesen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Diakonhjemmet, Norway ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway ; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway ; KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Ferrarelli F, Riedner BA, Peterson MJ, Tononi G. Altered prefrontal activity and connectivity predict different cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4539-52. [PMID: 26288380 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is considered a core feature of schizophrenia, and impaired performances in episodic memory (EM) and executive function (EF) tasks are consistently reported in schizophrenia patients. Traditional fMRI and EEG studies have helped identifying brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), involved in these tasks. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic defects in prefrontal function per se contribute to poor performance in schizophrenia, given the presence of confounds like reduced motivation and psychotic symptoms. TMS/hd-EEG measurements are obtained without cognitive effort, and can be calculated in any cortical area. METHODS We performed TMS/hd-EEG recordings in parietal, motor, premotor, and PFC in healthy individuals (N=20) and schizophrenia patients (N=20). Source modeling of TMS-evoked responses was performed, and measures of cortical activity (significant current density, SCD) and connectivity (significant current scattering, SCS) were computed. Patients with schizophrenia also performed Penn Word memory delayed (CPWd) and Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET). CPWd evaluates EM and involves primarily PFC, whereas PCET reflects EF and implicates PFC with other brain regions. FINDINGS We found no difference in SCD and SCS after TMS of parietal/motor cortices, whereas those parameters were reduced in premotor/prefrontal areas in schizophrenia patients. In PFC, where these measures were most defective, SCD was negatively correlated with performance in CPWd whereas higher SCS values were associated with more errors in PCET. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that schizophrenia patients have intrinsic defects in both activity and connectivity of PFC, and that these defects are specifically associated with impairments in cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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29
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Yoon YB, Yun JY, Jung WH, Cho KIK, Kim SN, Lee TY, Park HY, Kwon JS. Altered Fronto-Temporal Functional Connectivity in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk of Developing Psychosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135347. [PMID: 26267069 PMCID: PMC4534425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is one of the key regions implicated in psychosis, given that abnormalities in this region are associated with an increased risk of conversion from an at-risk mental state to psychosis. However, inconsistent results regarding the functional connectivity strength of the STG have been reported, and the regional heterogeneous characteristics of the STG should be considered. METHODS To investigate the distinctive functional connection of each subregion in the STG, we parcellated the STG of each hemisphere into three regions: the planum temporale, Heschl's gyrus, and planum polare. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained from 22 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 41 individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis (UHR), and 47 demographically matched healthy controls. RESULTS Significant group differences (in seed-based connectivity) were demonstrated in the left planum temporale and from both the right and left Heschl's gyrus seeds. From the left planum temporale seed, the FEP and UHR groups exhibited increased connectivity to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, the FEP and UHR groups demonstrated decreased connectivity from the bilateral Heschl's gyrus seeds to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The enhanced connectivity between the left planum temporale and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with positive symptom severity in individuals at UHR (r = .34, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the fronto-temporal connectivity disruption hypothesis in schizophrenia by providing evidence supporting the altered fronto-temporal intrinsic functional connection at earlier stages of psychosis. Our data indicate that subregion-specific aberrant fronto-temporal interactions exist in the STG at the early stage of psychosis, thus suggesting that these aberrancies are the neural underpinning of proneness to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Bryan Yoon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hoon Jung
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University-Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ik K. Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University-Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University-Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Zou F, Shao Y, Ye E, Jin X, Tan S, Hu D, Yang Z. Disruptive changes of cerebellar functional connectivity with the default mode network in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:67-72. [PMID: 25445623 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in the physiopathology of schizophrenia. Previous studies have suggested that the cerebellum participates in higher-order cognitive networks such as the DMN. However, the specific contribution of the cerebellum to the DMN abnormalities in schizophrenia has yet to be established. In this study, we investigated cerebellar functional connectivity differences between 60 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy controls from a public resting-state fMRI database. Seed-based correlation analysis was performed by using seeds from the left Crus I, right Crus I and Lobule IX, which have previously been identified as being involved in the DMN. Our results revealed that, compared with the healthy controls, the patients showed significantly reduced cerebellar functional connectivity with the thalamus and several frontal regions including the middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor area. Moreover, the positive correlations between the strength of frontocerebellar and thalamocerebellar functional connectivity observed in the healthy subjects were diminished in the patients. Our findings implicate disruptive changes of the fronto-thalamo-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia, which may provide further evidence for the "cognitive dysmetria" concept of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Zou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Enmao Ye
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuwen Tan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China.
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31
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Leroux E, Delcroix N, Dollfus S. Left fronto-temporal dysconnectivity within the language network in schizophrenia: an fMRI and DTI study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 223:261-7. [PMID: 25028156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by language disorders. Studies reveal that both a functional dysconnectivity and a disturbance in the integrity of white matter fibers are implicated in the language process in patients with schizophrenia. Here, we investigate the relationship between functional connectivity within a language-comprehension network and anatomical connectivity using fiber tracking in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that patients would present an impaired functional connectivity in the language network due to anatomical dysconnectivity. Participants comprised 20 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls who were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. The temporal correlation coefficient and diffusion values between the left frontal and temporal clusters, belonging to the language network, were individually extracted, in order to study the relationships of anatomo-functional connectivity. In patients, functional connectivity was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy, but was negatively correlated with radial diffusivity and/or mean diffusivity, in the left arcuate fasciculus and part of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, determined as the fronto-temporal tracts. Our findings indicate a close relationship between functional and anatomical dysconnectivity in patients with schizophrenia. The disturbance in the integrity of the left fronto-temporal tracts might be one origin of the functional dysconnectivity in the language-comprehension network in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France; CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, ISTS team, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- CNRS, UMS 3408, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France; CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, ISTS team, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR de médecine (Medical School), Caen F-14000, France.
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32
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Straube B, Green A, Sass K, Kircher T. Superior temporal sulcus disconnectivity during processing of metaphoric gestures in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:936-44. [PMID: 23956120 PMCID: PMC4059440 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The left superior temporal sulcus (STS) plays an important role in integrating audiovisual information and is functionally connected to disparate regions of the brain. For the integration of gesture information in an abstract sentence context (metaphoric gestures), intact connectivity between the left STS and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) should be important. Patients with schizophrenia have problems with the processing of metaphors (concretism) and show aberrant structural connectivity of long fiber bundles. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia differ in the functional connectivity of the left STS to the IFG for the processing of metaphoric gestures. During functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition, 16 patients with schizophrenia (P) and a healthy control group (C) were shown videos of an actor performing gestures in a concrete (iconic, IC) and abstract (metaphoric, MP) sentence context. A psychophysiological interaction analysis based on the seed region from a previous analysis in the left STS was performed. In both groups we found common positive connectivity for IC and MP of the STS seed region to the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and left ventral IFG. The interaction of group (C>P) and gesture condition (MP>IC) revealed effects in the connectivity to the bilateral IFG and the left MTG with patients exhibiting lower connectivity for the MP condition. In schizophrenia the left STS is misconnected to the IFG, particularly during the processing of MP gestures. Dysfunctional integration of gestures in an abstract sentence context might be the basis of certain interpersonal communication problems in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Antonia Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Sass
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
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Shim M, Kim DW, Lee SH, Im CH. Disruptions in small-world cortical functional connectivity network during an auditory oddball paradigm task in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:197-203. [PMID: 24819192 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
P300 deficits in patients with schizophrenia have previously been investigated using EEGs recorded during auditory oddball tasks. However, small-world cortical functional networks during auditory oddball tasks and their relationships with symptom severity scores in schizophrenia have not yet been investigated. In this study, the small-world characteristics of source-level functional connectivity networks of EEG responses elicited by an auditory oddball paradigm were evaluated using two representative graph-theoretical measures, clustering coefficient and path length. EEG signals from 34 patients with schizophrenia and 34 healthy controls were recorded while each subject was asked to attend to oddball tones. The results showed reduced clustering coefficients and increased path lengths in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that the small-world functional network is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the negative and cognitive symptom components of positive and negative symptom scales were negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient and positively correlated with path length, demonstrating that both indices are indicators of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia. Our study results suggest that disrupted small-world characteristics are potential biomarkers for patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Shim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Psychiatry Department, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Birnbaum R, Weinberger DR. Functional neuroimaging and schizophrenia: a view towards effective connectivity modeling and polygenic risk. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014. [PMID: 24174900 PMCID: PMC3811100 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2013.15.3/rbirnbaum] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia first emerged. It was initially posited that the effects of schizophrenia susceptibility genes would be more penetrant at the level of biologically based neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes than at the level of a complex and phenotypically heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome. The results of many studies support this assumption, most of which show single genetic variants to be associated with changes in activity of localized brain regions, as determined by select cognitive controlled tasks. From these basic studies, functional neuroimaging analysis of intermediate phenotypes has progressed to more complex and realistic models of brain dysfunction, incorporating models of functional and effective connectivity, including the modalities of psycho-physiological interaction, dynamic causal modeling, and graph theory metrics. The genetic association approaches applied to imaging genetics have also progressed to more sophisticated multivariate effects, including incorporation of two-way and three-way epistatic interactions, and most recently polygenic risk models. Imaging genetics is a unique and powerful strategy for understanding the neural mechanisms of genetic risk for complex CNS disorders at the human brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Birnbaum
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus (Rebecca Birnbaum, Daniel R. Weinberger); Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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35
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Haut KM, van Erp TGM, Knowlton B, Bearden CE, Subotnik K, Ventura J, Nuechterlein KH, Cannon TD. Contributions of Feature Binding During Encoding and Functional Connectivity of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures to Episodic Memory Deficits Across the Prodromal and First-Episode Phases of Schizophrenia. Clin Psychol Sci 2014; 3:159-174. [PMID: 25750836 DOI: 10.1177/2167702614533949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with and at risk for psychosis may have difficulty using associative strategies to facilitate episodic memory encoding and recall. In parallel studies, patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 27) and high psychosis risk (n = 28) compared with control participants (n = 22 and n = 20, respectively) underwent functional MRI during a remember-know memory task. Psychophysiological interaction analyses, using medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures as regions of interest, were conducted to measure functional connectivity patterns supporting successful episodic memory. During encoding, patients with first-episode schizophrenia demonstrated reduced functional coupling between MTL regions and regions involved in stimulus representations, stimulus selection, and cognitive control. Relative to control participants and patients with high psychosis risk who did not convert to psychosis, patients with high psychosis risk who later converted to psychosis also demonstrated reduced connectivity between MTL regions and auditory-verbal and visual-association regions. These results suggest that episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia are related to inefficient recruitment of cortical connections involved in associative memory formation; such deficits precede the onset of psychosis among those individuals at high clinical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles ; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kenneth Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles ; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University ; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
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36
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van Erp TG, Guella I, Vawter MP, Turner J, Brown GG, McCarthy G, Greve DN, Glover GH, Calhoun VD, Lim KO, Bustillo JR, Belger A, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Diaz M, Preda A, Nguyen D, Macciardi F, Potkin SG. Schizophrenia miR-137 locus risk genotype is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivation. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:398-405. [PMID: 23910899 PMCID: PMC4428556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-137 dysregulation has been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia, but its functional role remains to be determined. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on 48 schizophrenia patients and 63 healthy volunteers (total sample size N = 111 subjects), with similar mean age and sex distribution, while subjects performed a Sternberg Item Response Paradigm with memory loads of one, three, and five numbers. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) retrieval activation for the working memory load of three numbers, for which hyperactivation had been shown in schizophrenia patients compared with control subjects, was extracted. The genome-wide association study confirmed schizophrenia risk single nucleotide polymorphism rs1625579 (miR-137 locus) was genotyped (schizophrenia: GG n = 0, GT n = 9, TT n = 39; healthy volunteers: GG = 2, GT n = 15, and TT n = 46). Fisher's exact test examined the effect of diagnosis on rs1625579 allele frequency distribution (p = nonsignificant). Mixed model regression analyses examined the effects of diagnosis and genotype on working memory performance measures and DLPFC activation. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher left DLPFC retrieval activation on working memory load 3, lower working memory performance, and longer response times compared with controls. There was no effect of genotype on working memory performance or response times in either group. However, individuals with the rs1625579 TT genotype had significantly higher left DLPFC activation than those with the GG/GT genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the rs1625579 TT (miR-137 locus) schizophrenia risk genotype is associated with the schizophrenia risk phenotype DLPFC hyperactivation commonly considered a measure of brain inefficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G.M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Jessica Turner
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, 92161, United States
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06250, United States
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gary H. Glover
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Michele Diaz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Dana Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - FBIRN
- http://www.birncommunity.org
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Mukherjee P, Whalley HC, McKirdy JW, Sprengelmeyer R, Young AW, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM, Hall J. Altered amygdala connectivity within the social brain in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:152-60. [PMID: 23851067 PMCID: PMC3885300 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in social cognition have been described in schizophrenia and relate to core symptoms of the disorder. Social cognition is subserved by a network of brain regions, many of which have been implicated in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that deficits in connectivity between components of this social brain network may underlie the social cognition impairments seen in the disorder. METHODS We investigated brain activation and connectivity in a group of individuals with schizophrenia making social judgments of approachability from faces (n = 20), compared with a group of matched healthy volunteers (n = 24), using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Effective connectivity from the amygdala was estimated using the psychophysiological interaction approach. RESULTS While making approachability judgments, healthy participants recruited a network of social brain regions including amygdala, fusiform gyrus, cerebellum, and inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally and left medial prefrontal cortex. During the approachability task, healthy participants showed increased connectivity from the amygdala to the fusiform gyri, cerebellum, and left superior frontal cortex. In comparison to controls, individuals with schizophrenia overactivated the right middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and precuneus and had reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the insula cortex. DISCUSSION We report increased activation of frontal and medial parietal regions during social judgment in patients with schizophrenia, accompanied by decreased connectivity between the amygdala and insula. We suggest that the increased activation of frontal control systems and association cortex may reflect a compensatory mechanism for impaired connectivity of the amygdala with other parts of the social brain networks in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Mukherjee
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, US; tel: 773-916-7662, fax: 631-632-7876, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Andrew W. Young
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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38
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Jiang T, Zhou Y, Liu B, Liu Y, Song M. Brainnetome-wide association studies in schizophrenia: The advances and future. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2818-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Leroux E, Delcroix N, Alary M, Razafimandimby A, Brazo P, Delamillieure P, Dollfus S. Functional and white matter abnormalities in the language network in patients with schizophrenia: a combined study with diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Schizophr Res 2013; 150:93-100. [PMID: 23916391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by functional abnormalities in the language network. Anatomical white matter (WM) abnormalities (volume and integrity) have also been reported for this pathology. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated anatomo-functional relationships in schizophrenia, and none has focused on the language comprehension network in relation to various diffusion parameters. We hypothesized that the WM abnormalities that are reflected by several diffusion parameters underlie functional deficits in the language network. METHODS Eighteen DSM-IV patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls without any significant differences in sex, age, or level of education were included. First, functional brain activation within the language network was estimated. Then, using diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) values were extracted within WM regions adjacent to this network and their anatomo-functional relationships were investigated. RESULTS Compared with healthy participants, both functional and diffusion deficits were observed in patients with schizophrenia. Primarily, an altered diffusion-functional relationship was observed in patients in the left middle temporal region: functional activations were positively correlated with FA, but were negatively correlated with RD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a close relationship between diffusion and functional deficits in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that WM integrity disturbance might be one cause of functional alterations in the language network in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, the present multimodal study improves our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen, F-14000, France; CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, ISTS team, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France.
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40
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Birnbaum R, Weinberger DR. Functional neuroimaging and schizophrenia: a view towards effective connectivity modeling and polygenic risk. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 15:279-89. [PMID: 24174900 PMCID: PMC3811100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia first emerged. It was initially posited that the effects of schizophrenia susceptibility genes would be more penetrant at the level of biologically based neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes than at the level of a complex and phenotypically heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome. The results of many studies support this assumption, most of which show single genetic variants to be associated with changes in activity of localized brain regions, as determined by select cognitive controlled tasks. From these basic studies, functional neuroimaging analysis of intermediate phenotypes has progressed to more complex and realistic models of brain dysfunction, incorporating models of functional and effective connectivity, including the modalities of psycho-physiological interaction, dynamic causal modeling, and graph theory metrics. The genetic association approaches applied to imaging genetics have also progressed to more sophisticated multivariate effects, including incorporation of two-way and three-way epistatic interactions, and most recently polygenic risk models. Imaging genetics is a unique and powerful strategy for understanding the neural mechanisms of genetic risk for complex CNS disorders at the human brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Birnbaum
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus (Rebecca Birnbaum, Daniel R. Weinberger); Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Chen TC, Kuo WJ, Chiang MC, Tseng YJ, Lin YY. Over-activation in bilateral superior temporal gyrus correlated with subsequent forgetting effect of Chinese words. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:203-207. [PMID: 23796961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the subsequent memory and forgotten effects for Chinese using event-related fMRI. Sixteen normal subjects were recruited and performing incidental memory tasks where semantic decision was required during memory encoding. Consistent with previous studies, our results showed bilateral frontal regions as the main locus for the subsequent memory effect. However, contrast between miss and hit responses revealed larger activation in bilateral superior temporal gyrus. We proposed that larger activation in the superior temporal gyrus may reflect alteration of self-monitoring process which resulted in unsuccessful memory encoding for the miss items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Atakan Z, Bhattacharyya S, Allen P, Martín-Santos R, Crippa JA, Borgwardt SJ, Fusar-Poli P, Seal M, Sallis H, Stahl D, Zuardi AW, Rubia K, McGuire P. Cannabis affects people differently: inter-subject variation in the psychotogenic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with healthy volunteers. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1255-1267. [PMID: 23020923 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis can induce transient psychotic symptoms, but not all users experience these adverse effects. We compared the neural response to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in healthy volunteers in whom the drug did or did not induce acute psychotic symptoms. Method In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pseudorandomized design, 21 healthy men with minimal experience of cannabis were given either 10 mg THC or placebo, orally. Behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures were then recorded whilst they performed a go/no-go task. RESULTS The sample was subdivided on the basis of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive score following administration of THC into transiently psychotic (TP; n = 11) and non-psychotic (NP; n = 10) groups. During the THC condition, TP subjects made more frequent inhibition errors than the NP group and showed differential activation relative to the NP group in the left parahippocampal gyrus, the left and right middle temporal gyri and in the right cerebellum. In these regions, THC had opposite effects on activation relative to placebo in the two groups. The TP group also showed less activation than the NP group in the right middle temporal gyrus and cerebellum, independent of the effects of THC. CONCLUSIONS In this first demonstration of inter-subject variability in sensitivity to the psychotogenic effects of THC, we found that the presence of acute psychotic symptoms was associated with a differential effect of THC on activation in the ventral and medial temporal cortex and cerebellum, suggesting that these regions mediate the effects of the drug on psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Atakan
- Section of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Janoos F, Morocz IA, Brown G, Wells W. State-space analysis of working memory in schizophrenia: an fBIRN study. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2013; 78:279-307. [PMID: 25107617 PMCID: PMC4747099 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-012-9300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The neural correlates of working memory (WM) in schizophrenia (SZ) have been extensively studied using the multisite fMRI data acquired by the Functional Biomedical Informatics Research Network (fBIRN) consortium. Although univariate and multivariate analysis methods have been variously employed to localize brain responses under differing task conditions, important hypotheses regarding the representation of mental processes in the spatio-temporal patterns of neural recruitment and the differential organization of these mental processes in patients versus controls have not been addressed in this context. This paper uses a multivariate state-space model (SSM) to analyze the differential representation and organization of mental processes of controls and patients performing the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm (SIRP) WM task. The SSM is able to not only predict the mental state of the subject from the data, but also yield estimates of the spatial distribution and temporal ordering of neural activity, along with estimates of the hemodynamic response. The dynamical Bayesian modeling approach used in this study was able to find significant differences between the predictability and organization of the working memory processes of SZ patients versus healthy subjects. Prediction of some stimulus types from imaging data in the SZ group was significantly lower than controls, reflecting a greater level of disorganization/heterogeneity of their mental processes. Moreover, the changes in accuracy of predicting the mental state of the subject with respect to parametric modulations, such as memory load and task duration, may have important implications on the neurocognitive models for WM processes in both SZ and healthy adults. Additionally, the SSM was used to compare the spatio-temporal patterns of mental activity across subjects, in a holistic fashion and to derive a low-dimensional representation space for the SIRP task, in which subjects were found to cluster according to their diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus Janoos
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Istvan A Morocz
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - William Wells
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA
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Mentalizing in male schizophrenia patients is compromised by virtue of dysfunctional connectivity between task-positive and task-negative networks. Schizophr Res 2012; 140:51-8. [PMID: 22795367 PMCID: PMC4429863 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia can be conceptualized as a disorder of functional connectivity within the fronto-temporal (FT) and/or default-mode (DM) networks. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunctional integration between these large neural networks may also contribute to the illness, and that the ability to mentalize or have a Theory of Mind (ToM) is discernibly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Hence in this study, we examined whether impaired functional network connectivity (FNC) contributes to a compromise in the ability to mentalize in patients with schizophrenia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 20 male schizophrenia patients and 19 matched healthy controls while performing a well-known ToM task. The study revealed that relative to non-ToM the engagement of ToM produced reduced neural activity in the lateral FT and insula networks in patients, as compared to healthy subjects. The findings also indicated that in comparison to healthy subjects the DM and medial FT networks are less suppressed in patients irrespective of the task (ToM/non-ToM). Further, FNC analyses showed that the degree of functional connectivity between task-positive (lateral FT and insula) and task-negative (medial FT, posterior DM) networks was significantly reduced in patients as compared to controls. Of note, a significant correlation between the functional connectivity strength of the lateral FT network with the medial FT and the degree to which this is modulated by the ToM task, suggests that mentalizing deficits in male schizophrenia patients may stem from impaired communication between neural networks that comprehend the mental states of self (medial FT) and others (lateral FT).
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45
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Ehrlich S, Brauns S, Yendiki A, Ho BC, Calhoun V, Schulz SC, Gollub RL, Sponheim SR. Associations of cortical thickness and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:1050-62. [PMID: 21436318 PMCID: PMC3446215 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found varying relationships between cognitive functioning and brain volumes in patients with schizophrenia. However, cortical thickness may more closely reflect cytoarchitectural characteristics than gray matter density or volume estimates. Here, we aimed to compare associations between regional variation in cortical thickness and executive functions, memory, as well as verbal and spatial processing in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs). We obtained magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological data for 131 patients and 138 matched controls. Automated cortical pattern matching methods allowed testing for associations with cortical thickness estimated as the shortest distance between the gray/white matter border and the pial surface at thousands of points across the entire cortical surface. Two independent measures of working memory showed robust associations with cortical thickness in lateral prefrontal cortex in HCs, whereas patients exhibited associations between working memory and cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal lobe. This study provides additional evidence for a disrupted structure-function relationship in schizophrenia. In line with the prefrontal inefficiency hypothesis, schizophrenia patients may engage a larger compensatory network of brain regions other than frontal cortex to recall and manipulate verbal material in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ehrlich
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA.
| | - Stefan Brauns
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Image Analysis and MR Research, Albuquerque, NM,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - S. Charles Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
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46
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Mukherjee P, Whalley HC, McKirdy JW, McIntosh AM, Johnstone EC, Lawrie SM, Hall J. Lower effective connectivity between amygdala and parietal regions in response to fearful faces in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 134:118-24. [PMID: 22019361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral abnormalities related to processing negative emotions such as fear have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. The amygdala is strongly associated with fear processing, and alterations in amygdala function and structure have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. Further, functional disconnectivity has been attributed as key to the etiology of schizophrenia, with a number of lines of evidence supporting this theory. In the present study, we examine the effective connectivity corresponding to fear processing, from the amygdala to the whole brain, and compare this between patients with schizophrenia and control participants. An implicit facial emotion processing task was performed by 19 patients with schizophrenia and 24 matched controls during fMRI scanning. During the task, participants made gender judgments from facial images with either neutral or fearful emotion. Neural response to fearful images versus neutral was used as contrast of interest to estimate effective connectivity between the amygdala and the whole brain using the psycho-physiological interactions approach. This connectivity was compared between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We show that when looking at fearful compared to neutral faces patients with schizophrenia show significantly reduced effective connectivity from the amygdala to a large cluster of regions including parts of the precuneus and parietal lobe, compared to healthy controls. These regions have been associated with emotion processing and high level social cognition tasks involving self related processing and mental representations about other people. The reduced amygdala connectivity in schizophrenia shown here further illuminates the neural basis for the behavioral abnormalities in emotional and social function found in the disorder.
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Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Loughead J, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Hakonarson H, Gur RC, Gur RE. Impact of in-scanner head motion on multiple measures of functional connectivity: relevance for studies of neurodevelopment in youth. Neuroimage 2012; 60:623-32. [PMID: 22233733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been reported (Van Dijk et al., 2011) that in-scanner head motion can have a substantial impact on MRI measurements of resting-state functional connectivity. This finding may be of particular relevance for studies of neurodevelopment in youth, confounding analyses to the extent that motion and subject age are related. Furthermore, while Van Dijk et al. demonstrated the effect of motion on seed-based connectivity analyses, it is not known how motion impacts other common measures of connectivity. Here we expand on the findings of Van Dijk et al. by examining the effect of motion on multiple types of resting-state connectivity analyses in a large sample of children and adolescents (n=456). Following replication of the effect of motion on seed-based analyses, we examine the influence of motion on graphical measures of network modularity, dual-regression of independent component analysis, as well as the amplitude and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation. In the entire sample, subject age was highly related to motion. Using a subsample where age and motion were unrelated, we demonstrate that motion has marked effects on connectivity in every analysis examined. While subject age was associated with increased within-network connectivity even when motion was accounted for, controlling for motion substantially attenuated the strength of this relationship. The results demonstrate the pervasive influence of motion on multiple types functional connectivity analysis, and underline the importance of accounting for motion in studies of neurodevelopment.
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Cortico-striatal disconnection within the cingulo-opercular network in schizophrenia revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity analysis: A resting fMRI study. Neuroimage 2012; 59:238-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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49
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Tian L, Meng C, Yan H, Zhao Q, Liu Q, Yan J, Han Y, Yuan H, Wang L, Yue W, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhu C, He Y, Zhang D. Convergent evidence from multimodal imaging reveals amygdala abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28794. [PMID: 22174900 PMCID: PMC3234284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared neuropathological features between schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives have potential as indicators of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. We sought to explore genetic influences on brain morphology and function in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. METHODS Using a multimodal imaging strategy, we studied 33 schizophrenic patients, 55 of their unaffected parents, 30 healthy controls for patients, and 29 healthy controls for parents with voxel-based morphometry of structural MRI scans and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional MRI data. RESULTS Schizophrenic patients showed widespread gray matter reductions in the bilateral frontal cortices, bilateral insulae, bilateral occipital cortices, left amygdala and right thalamus, whereas their parents showed more localized reductions in the left amygdala, left thalamus and right orbitofrontal cortex. Patients and their parents shared gray matter loss in the left amygdala. Further investigation of the resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala in the patients showed abnormal functional connectivity with the bilateral orbitofrontal cortices, bilateral precunei, bilateral dorsolateral frontal cortices and right insula. Their parents showed slightly less, but similar changes in the pattern in the amygdala connectivity. Co-occurrences of abnormal connectivity of the left amygdala with the left orbitofrontal cortex, right dorsolateral frontal cortex and right precuneus were observed in schizophrenic patients and their parents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential genetic influence on structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala in schizophrenia. Such information could help future efforts to identify the endophenotypes that characterize the complex disorder of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (DZ)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Han
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huishu Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (DZ)
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50
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Fornito A, Yoon J, Zalesky A, Bullmore ET, Carter CS. General and specific functional connectivity disturbances in first-episode schizophrenia during cognitive control performance. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:64-72. [PMID: 21514570 PMCID: PMC4015465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control impairments in schizophrenia are thought to arise from dysfunction of interconnected networks of brain regions, but interrogating the functional dynamics of large-scale brain networks during cognitive task performance has proved difficult. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to generate event-related whole-brain functional connectivity networks in participants with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy control subjects performing a cognitive control task. METHODS Functional connectivity during cognitive control performance was assessed between each pair of 78 brain regions in 23 patients and 25 control subjects. Network properties examined were region-wise connectivity, edge-wise connectivity, global path length, clustering, small-worldness, global efficiency, and local efficiency. RESULTS Patients showed widespread functional connectivity deficits in a large-scale network of brain regions, which primarily affected connectivity between frontal cortex and posterior regions and occurred irrespective of task context. A more circumscribed and task-specific connectivity impairment in frontoparietal systems related to cognitive control was also apparent. Global properties of network topology in patients were relatively intact. CONCLUSIONS The first episode of schizophrenia is associated with a generalized connectivity impairment affecting most brain regions but that is particularly pronounced for frontal cortex. Superimposed on this generalized deficit, patients show more specific cognitive-control-related functional connectivity reductions in frontoparietal regions. These connectivity deficits occur in the context of relatively preserved global network organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fornito
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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