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Zanni S, Cammalleri V, D'Agostino L, Protano C, Vitali M. Occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in drinking water: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34544-8. [PMID: 39103588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to give a complete picture on the drinking water contamination by pharmaceutical residues all over the world. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out for identifying all available research reporting original data resulting by sampling campaign and analysis of "real" drinking water samples to detect pharmaceutical residues. The investigated databases were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 124 studies were included; among these, 33 did not find target analytes (all below the limit of detection), while the remaining 91 studies reported the presence for one or more compounds, in concentrations ranging from a few units to a few tens of nanograms. The majority of the studies were performed in Europe and the most represented categories were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics. The most common analytical approach used is the preparation and analysis of the samples by solid-phase extraction and chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The main implications resulting from our review are the need for (a) further studies aimed to allow more accurate environmental, wildlife, and human health risk assessments and (b) developing integrated policies promoting less environmentally persistent drugs, the reduction of pharmaceuticals in livestock breeding, and the update of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants for a better removal of drugs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ludovica D'Agostino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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2
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Dela Cruz J, Lammel D, Kim SW, Bi M, Rillig M. COVID-19 pandemic-related drugs and microplastics from mask fibers jointly affect soil functions and processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34587-x. [PMID: 39102138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increase in pharmaceutical drug consumption and plastic waste disposal from personal protective equipment. Most drugs consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic were used to treat other human and animal diseases. Hence, their nearly ubiquitous presence in the soil and the sharp increase in the last 3 years led us to investigate their potential impact on the environment. Similarly, the compulsory use of face masks has led to an enormous amount of plastic waste. Our study aims to investigate the combined effects of COVID-19 drugs and microplastics from FFP2 face masks on important soil processes using soil microcosm experiments. We used three null models (additive, multiplicative, and dominative models) to indicate potential interactions among different pharmaceutical drugs and mask MP. We found that the multiple-factor treatments tend to affect soil respiration and FDA hydrolysis more strongly than the individual treatments. We also found that mask microplastics when combined with pharmaceuticals caused greater negative effects on soil. Additionally, null model predictions show that combinations of high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and mask MP have antagonistic interactions on soil enzyme activities, while the joint effects of low concentrations of pharmaceuticals (with or without MP) on soil enzyme activities are mostly explained by null model predictions. Our study underscores the need for more attention on the environmental side effects of pharmaceutical contamination and their potential interactions with other anthropogenic global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Dela Cruz
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Lammel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohan Bi
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Arreguin-Rebolledo U, Morales-Romero LA, Arzate-Cárdenas MA, Páez-Osuna F, Betancourt-Lozano M, Rico-Martínez R. Contrasting toxicity response to a mixture of azithromycin and ivermectin between a freshwater and a euryhaline rotifer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34406-3. [PMID: 39085690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Organisms are usually exposed to mixtures of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. Due to their widespread use and environmental relevance, the individual and combined effects of the drugs azithromycin (AZT) and ivermectin (IVM) on the freshwater rotifer Lecane papuana and the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis were investigated. Rotifers showed greater sensitivity to IVM compared to AZT. The LC50 values of IVM and AZT for L. papuana and P. similis were 0.163 and 0.172 mg/L, and 13.52 and 20.00 mg/L, respectively. Population growth rates, assessed in chronic toxicity assays, responded negatively to increasing concentrations of both toxicants, either individually or in combination. Our results revealed two distinct combined toxicity responses: a strong synergistic effect in the freshwater rotifer and a marked antagonistic impact of the AZT-IVM mixtures in the euryhaline rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Arreguin-Rebolledo
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20130, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - Levi Asher Morales-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20130, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Mario Alberto Arzate-Cárdenas
- Investigadoras E Investigadores Por México, CONAHCYT, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Ags, México
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20130, Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
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Hu R, Chen X, Xia M, Chen B, Lu X, Luo G, Zhang S, Zhen G. Identification of extracellular polymeric substances layer barrier in chloroquine phosphate-disturbed anammox consortia and mechanism dissection on cytotoxic behavior by computational chemistry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134335. [PMID: 38657504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The over-dosing use of chloroquine phosphate (CQ) poses severe threats to human beings and ecosystem due to the high persistence and biotoxicity. The discharge of CQ into wastewater would affect the biomass activity and process stability during the biological processes, e.g., anammox. However, the response mechanism of anammox consortia to CQ remain unknown. In this study, the accurate role of extracellular polymeric substances barrier in attenuating the negative effects of CQ, and the mechanism on cytotoxic behavior were dissected by molecular spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Low concentrations (≤6.0 mg/L) of CQ hardly affected the nitrogen removal performance due to the adaptive evolution of EPS barrier and anammox bacteria. Compact protein of EPS barrier can bind more CQ (0.24 mg) by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force, among which O-H and amide II region respond CQ binding preferentially. Importantly, EPS contributes to the microbiota reshape with selectively enriching Candidatus_Kuenenia for self-protection. Furthermore, the macroscopical cytotoxic behavior was dissected at a molecular level by CQ fate/distribution and computational chemistry, suggesting that the toxicity was ascribed to attack of CQ on functional proteins of anammox bacteria with atom N17 (f-=0.1209) and C2 (f+=0.1034) as the most active electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. This work would shed the light on the fate and risk of non-antibiotics in anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mengting Xia
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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5
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Rana G, Dhiman P, Kumar A, Chauhan A, Sharma G. Recent advances in photocatalytic removal of antiviral drugs by Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40851-40872. [PMID: 38837030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The possible impact of antivirals on ecosystems and the emergence of antiviral resistance are the reasons for concern about their environmental release. Consequently, there has been a significant increase in curiosity regarding their presence in both organic and synthetic systems in recent years. The primary objective of this review is to address the void of information regarding the global presence of antiviral drugs in both wastewater and natural water sources. Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is an eco-friendly, cost-effective method that effectively addresses environmental degradation. The development of efficient photocatalysts remains a significant issue in accelerating the degradation of pollutants, especially when employing solar light. Thus, the development of Z-scheme and S-scheme semiconductor heterojunctions has emerged as a viable method to improve light absorption and enhance the redox capability of photocatalysts. The principles of Z-scheme and S-scheme are reviewed extensively. The degradation route and occurrence of antiviral are discussed briefly. Finally, a short preview of the degradation of antiviral using Z-scheme and S-scheme is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India.
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Ankush Chauhan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
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Satulu V, Pandele AM, Ionica GI, Bobirică L, Bonciu AF, Scarlatescu A, Bobirică C, Orbeci C, Voicu SI, Mitu B, Dinescu G. Robust CA-GO-TiO 2/PTFE Photocatalytic Membranes for the Degradation of the Azithromycin Formulation from Wastewaters. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1368. [PMID: 38794561 PMCID: PMC11125009 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed an innovative thin-film nanocomposite membrane that contains cellulose acetate (CA) with small amounts of TiO2-decorated graphene oxide (GO) (ranging from 0.5 wt.% to 2 wt.%) sandwiched between two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-like thin films. The PTFE-like films succeeded in maintaining the bulk porosity of the support while increasing the thermal and chemical robustness of the membrane and boosting the catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The membranes exhibited a specific chemical composition and bonding, with predominant carbon-oxygen bonds from CA and GO in the bulk, and carbon-fluorine bonds on their PTFE-like coated sides. We have also tested the membranes' photocatalytic activities on azithromycin-containing wastewaters, demonstrating excellent efficiency with more than 80% degradation for 2 wt.% TiO2-decorated GO in the CA-GO-TiO2/PTFE-like membranes. The degradation of the azithromycin formulation occurs in two steps, with reaction rates being correlated to the amount of GO-TiO2 in the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Satulu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.S.); (A.F.B.); (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Andreea Madalina Pandele
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
- Advanced Polymers Materials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanina-Iuliana Ionica
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Liliana Bobirică
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Anca Florina Bonciu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.S.); (A.F.B.); (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexandra Scarlatescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.S.); (A.F.B.); (A.S.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Constantin Bobirică
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Cristina Orbeci
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Stefan Ioan Voicu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.P.); (G.-I.I.); (L.B.); (C.B.); (C.O.)
- Advanced Polymers Materials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdana Mitu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.S.); (A.F.B.); (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gheorghe Dinescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.S.); (A.F.B.); (A.S.); (G.D.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Liang C, Guo W, Ngo HH, Peng L. Favipiravir biotransformation by a side-stream partial nitritation sludge: Transformation mechanisms, pathways and toxicity evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141580. [PMID: 38430943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Information on biotransformation of antivirals in the side-stream partial nitritation (PN) process was limited. In this study, a side-stream PN sludge was adopted to investigate favipiravir biotransformation under controlled ammonium and pH levels. Results showed that free nitrous acid (FNA) was an important factor that inhibited ammonia oxidation and the cometabolic biodegradation of favipiravir induced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The removal efficiency of favipiravir reached 12.6% and 35.0% within 6 days at the average FNA concentrations of 0.07 and 0.02 mg-N L-1, respectively. AOB-induced cometabolism was the sole contributing mechanism to favipiravir removal, excluding AOB-induced metabolism and heterotrophic bacteria-induced biodegradation. The growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited by favipiravir, while the AOB-induced cometabolism facilitated the alleviation of the antimicrobial activities with the formed transformation products. The biotransformation pathways were proposed based on the roughly identified structures of transformation products, which mainly involved hydroxylation, nitration, dehydrogenation and covalent bond breaking under enzymatic conditions. The findings would provide insights on enriching AOB abundance and enhancing AOB-induced cometabolism under FNA stress when targeting higher removal of antivirals during the side-stream wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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8
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Karimi S, Namazi H. Efficient adsorptive removal of used drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic from contaminated water by magnetic graphene oxide/MIL-88 metal-organic framework/alginate hydrogel beads. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141397. [PMID: 38325613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the presence of drugs used in the COVID-19 pandemic in water bodies is worrisome due to their high toxicity, which necessitates their critical removal by developing highly efficient adsorbents. Hence, in this study, alginate hydrogel beads of magnetic graphene oxide@MIL-88 metal-organic framework (GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg) were prepared for the first time and then utilized as a new absorption system for the removal of COVID-19 drugs such as doxycycline (DOX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), naproxen (NAP), and dipyrone (DIP) from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption manner. The effects of different experimental factors, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, drug concentration, temperature, ionic strength, presence of an external magnetic field (EMF), and magnet distance from the adsorption flask were optimized for the removal of COVID-19 drugs. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm proved that the adsorption process of DOX, HCQ, NAP, and DIP drugs on GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg hydrogel beads conformed to the Langmuir model and followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacities of DOX, HCQ, NAP, and DIP drugs obtained for GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg hydrogel beads with the Langmuir model were 131.57, 79.92, 55.55, and 49.26 mg/g at 298 K, respectively. The thermodynamic study suggested a spontaneous endothermic adsorption process. Also, the conclusion from this study confirmed the validity of GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg hydrogel beads for excellent removal of COVID-19 drugs from water samples. It was also found that the GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg hydrogel beads could be reused with satisfactory removal efficiency in six cycles. Based on the study, the GO@Fe3O4@MIL-88@Alg hydrogel beads could be considered a sustainable, simple, economical, environmentally friendly absorption system for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheyla Karimi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Namazi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Tao K, Gao B, Li N, El-Sayed MMH, Shoeib T, Yang H. Efficient adsorption of chloroquine phosphate by a novel sodium alginate/tannic acid double-network hydrogel in a wide pH range. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168740. [PMID: 38013102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel double-network composite hydrogel (SA/TA), composed of sodium alginate (SA) and tannic acid (TA), was designed and fabricated by a successive cross-linking method using Ti(IV) and Ca(II) as crosslinkers. SA/TA exhibited reinforced mechanical strength and anti-swelling properties because of the double-network structure. SA/TA was used as an adsorbent for removal of a popular antiviral drug, chloroquine phosphate (CQ), in water. The adsorption performance of SA/TA was systematically investigated, to study various effects including those of TA mass content, solution pH, adsorption time, and initial CQ concentration. Adsorption was also examined in presence of inorganic and organic coexisting substances commonly found in wastewater, and under different actual water samples. Batch experimental results indicated that SA/TA could maintain higher and more stable CQ uptakes within a wide solution pH range from 3.0 to 10.0, compared to its precursor, SA hydrogel, owing to the addition of TA-Ti(IV) coordination network. The maximum experimental CQ uptake exhibited by the 1:1 (by wt) SA/TA (SA/TA2) was as high as 0.699 mmol/g at the initial pH of 9.0. A high concentration of coexisting NaCl evidently reduced the CQ uptakes of SA/TA2 due to the electrostatic shielding effect, moreover, divalent cations including Ca(II) and Mg(II) also inhibited the adsorption of CQ due to competitive adsorption. However, humic acid had little effect on this adsorption. Considering the apparent adsorption performance, the aforementioned effects of various factors and the spectroscopic characterizations, multi-interactions are suggested for adsorption including chelation, electrostatic interactions, π-π electron donor-acceptor interaction and hydrogen bonding. SA/TA showed a slight loss in adsorption capacity toward CQ and sustained physicochemical structural stability, even after six adsorption-desorption cycles. In addition to CQ, SA/TA could be efficiently used for adsorption of two other antivirus drugs, namely, hydroxychloroquine sulfate and oseltamivir phosphate. This work provides an effective strategy for the design and fabrication of novel adsorbents that can effectively adsorb antiviral drugs over a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koukou Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Boqiang Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mayyada M H El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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10
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Vaudreuil MA, Munoz G, Vo Duy S, Sauvé S. Tracking down pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters of the St. Lawrence River and its major tributaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168680. [PMID: 37996029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A reconnaissance survey was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and risks of 27 pharmaceuticals and metabolites in the St. Lawrence watershed. Surface water samples were collected over a five-year period (2017-2021) along a 700-km reach of the St. Lawrence River as well as 55 tributary rivers (overall N = 406 samples). Additionally, depth water samples and sediments were collected near a major wastewater effluent. Caffeine, diclofenac, and venlafaxine were the most recurrent substances (detection rates >80 %), and extremely high levels were found near a municipal effluent (e.g., ibuprofen (860 ng/L), hydroxyibuprofen (1800 ng/L) and caffeine (7200 ng/L)). Geographical mapping and statistical analyses indicated that the St. Lawrence River water mass after the Montreal City effluent was significantly more contaminated than the other water masses, and that contamination could extend up to 70 km further downstream. This phenomenon was repeatedly observed over the five years of sampling, confirming that this is not a random trend. A slight increase in contamination was also observed near Quebec City, but concentrations rapidly declined in the estuarine transition zone. Tributaries with the highest pharmaceutical levels (ΣPharmas ∼400-900 ng/L) included the Mascouche, Saint-Régis, and Bertrand rivers, all located in the densely populated Greater Montreal area. When flowrate was factored in, the top five tributaries in terms of mass load (ΣPharmas ∼200-2000 kg/year) were the Des Prairies, Saint-François, Richelieu, Ottawa, and Yamaska rivers. All samples met the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for carbamazepine. Despite the large dilution effect of the St. Lawrence River, a risk quotient approach based on freshwater PNEC values suggested that four compounds (caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and ibuprofen) could present intermediate to high risks for aquatic organisms in terms of chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Dai H, Wang C, Yu W, Han J. Tracing COVID-19 drugs in the environment: Are we focusing on the right environmental compartment? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122732. [PMID: 37838316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to over 770 million confirmed cases, straining public healthcare systems and necessitating extensive and prolonged use of synthetic chemical drugs around the globe for medical treatment and symptom relief. Concerns have arisen regarding the massive release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their metabolites into the environment, particularly through domestic sewage. While discussions surrounding this issue have primarily centered on their discharge into aquatic environments, particularly through treated effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one often overlooked aspect is the terrestrial environment as a significant receptor of pharmaceutical-laden waste. This occurs through the disposal of sewage sludge, for instance, by applying biosolids to land or non-compliant disposal of sewage sludge, in addition to the routine disposal of expired and unused medications in municipal solid wastes. In this article, we surveyed sixteen approved pharmaceuticals for treating COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections, along with their primary metabolites. For this, we delved into their physiochemical properties, ecological toxicities, environmental persistence, and fate within municipal WWTPs. Emphasis was given on lipophilic substances with log Kow >3.0, which are more likely to be found in sewage sludge at significant factions (25.2%-75.0%) of their inputs in raw sewage and subsequently enter the terrestrial environment through land application of biosolids, e.g., 43% in the United States and as high as 96% in Ireland or non-compliant practices of sewage sludge disposal in developing communities, such as open dumping and land application without prior anaerobic digestion. The available evidence underscores the importance of adequately treating and disposing of sewage sludge before its final disposal or land application in an epidemic or pandemic scenario, as mismanaged sewage sludge could be a significant vector for releasing pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites into the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqi Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyang Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Demir A, Geçgel C, Gören N. Electrochemical degradation of favipiravir (anti-viral) drug from aqueous solution: optimization of operating parameters using the response surface method. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4334-4351. [PMID: 35712767 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to investigate the efficacy of the electro-Fenton process in the degradation of favipiravir drugs from aqueous solutions, which has increased in use as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was developed using a Central Composite Design (CCD) in which five independent variables, including Fe2+ concentration, current density, initial FVP concentration, pH, and reaction time, were coded with high and low levels, and the maximum removal percentage of FVP (97.8%) and COD (91.65%) were determined as responses. In the EF process, 530 mg/L H2O2 was produced in-situ by cathodic reduction of O2 in aqueous solution and thus FVP has been successfully oxidized through hydroxyl radicals. The H2O2/Fe2+ ratio was determined to be 0.51 under optimum conditions. At the end of the experiment, the maximum energy consumption was found to be 2.12 kWh per g COD. The FVP was completely mineralized in a very short time by the EF process, according to the LC-MS/MS examination. The EF process followed the pseudo first-order kinetic model with the rate constants of 0.023, 0.016 and 0.006 1/min for pH 2, 3 and 4, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the electro-Fenton process is an effective method for removing FVP from aqueous solutions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to show the degradation and optimum conditions of FVP in aqueous solution using the electro-Fenton (EF) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydeniz Demir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cihan Geçgel
- Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nazım Gören
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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13
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Sharma M, Rajput D, Kumar V, Jatain I, Aminabhavi TM, Mohanakrishna G, Kumar R, Dubey KK. Photocatalytic degradation of four emerging antibiotic contaminants and toxicity assessment in wastewater: A comprehensive study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116132. [PMID: 37207734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Excessive usage and unrestricted discharge of antibiotics in the environment lead to their accumulation in the ecosystem due to their highly stable and non-biodegradation nature. Photodegradation of four most consumed antibiotics such as amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefixime, and ciprofloxacin were studied using Cu2O-TiO2 nanotubes. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the native and transformed products was conducted on the RAW 264.7 cell lines. Photocatalyst loading (0.1-2.0 g/L), pH (5, 7 and 9), initial antibiotic load (50-1000 μg/mL) and cuprous oxide percentage (5, 10 and 20) were optimized for efficient photodegradation of antibiotics. Quenching experiments to evaluate the mechanism of photodegradation with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were found the most reactive species of the selected antibiotics. Complete degradation of selected antibiotics was achieved in 90 min with 1.5 g/L of 10% Cu2O-TiO2 nanotubes with initial antibiotic concentration (100 μg/mL) at neutral pH of water matrix. The photocatalyst showed high chemical stability and reusability up to five consecutive cycles. Zeta potential studies confirms the high stability and activity of 10% C-TAC (Cuprous oxide doped Titanium dioxide nanotubes for Applied Catalysis) in the tested pH conditions. Photoluminescence and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data speculates that 10% C-TAC photocatalyst have efficient photoexcitation in the visible light for photodegradation of antibiotics samples. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) interpretation from the toxicity analysis of native antibiotics concluded that ciprofloxacin was the most toxic antibiotic among the selected antibiotics. Cytotoxicity percentage of transformed products showed r: -0.985, p: 0.01 (negative correlation) with the degradation percentage revealing the efficient degradation of selected antibiotics with no toxic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123 031, India
| | - Deepanshi Rajput
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Indu Jatain
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123 031, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123 031, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Biomanufacturing and Process Development Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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14
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Wang R, Luo J, Li C, Chen J, Zhu N. Antiviral drugs in wastewater are on the rise as emerging contaminants: A comprehensive review of spatiotemporal characteristics, removal technologies and environmental risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131694. [PMID: 37269566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs (ATVs) are widely used to treat illnesses caused by viruses. Particularly, ATVs were consumed in such large quantities during the pandemic that high concentrations were detected in wastewater and aquatic environment. Since ATVs are not fully absorbed by the human or animal body, this results in large amounts of them being discharged into the sewage through urine or feces. Most ATVs can be degraded by microbes at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), while some ATVs either require deep treatment to reduce concentration and toxicity. Parent and metabolites residing in effluent posed a varying degree of risk when entering the aquatic environment, while increasing the potential of natural reservoirs for environmentally acquired antiviral drug resistance potential. There is a rising research on the behavior of ATVs in the environment has surged since the pandemic. In the context of multiple viral diseases worldwide, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, a comprehensive assessment of the occurrence, removal, and risk of ATVs is urgently needed. This review aims to discuss the fate of ATVs in WWTPs from various regions in the world with wastewater as the main analyzing object. The ultimate goal is to focus on ATVs with high ecological impact and regulate their use or develop advanced treatment technologies to mitigate the risk to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruming Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiamiao Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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15
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Fierascu RC, Fierascu I, Matei Brazdis RI, Manaila-Maximean D. Natural and Natural-Based Polymers: Recent Developments in Management of Emerging Pollutants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092063. [PMID: 37177209 PMCID: PMC10181049 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities lead to the issue of new classes of pollutants in the environment that are not currently monitored in environmental studies. This category of pollutants (known as emerging contaminants) includes a very wide range of target substances, such as pharmaceuticals, plant protection products, personal care products, dyes, toxins, microplastics and many other industrially important intermediaries. Together with an increasing demand for clean water (both for agricultural necessities and for the increasing population consumption), the need for the removal of emerging pollutants, simultaneously with the current "green chemistry" approach, opens the door for the industrial application of natural polymers in the area of environmental protection. Recent developments in this area are presented in this paper, as well as the application of these particular natural materials for the removal of other contaminants of interest (such as radioisotopes and nanoparticles). The current knowledge regarding the processes' kinetics is briefly presented, as well as the future development perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM-Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM-Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Ioana Matei Brazdis
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM-Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Manaila-Maximean
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Ivshina I, Tyumina E. Special Issue "Microbial Biodegradation and Biotransformation". Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041047. [PMID: 37110470 PMCID: PMC10143174 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current state of the environment is a major concern [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ivshina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, Perm 614990, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Street, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Elena Tyumina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, Perm 614990, Russia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Street, Perm 614990, Russia
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17
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, Scaliante MHNO, Cardozo-Filho L. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using cobalt catalysts supported on graphene materials: a systematic review. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-05006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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18
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Khan K, Kar S, Roy K. Are we ready to combat the ecotoxicity of COVID-19 pharmaceuticals? An in silico aquatic risk assessment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106416. [PMID: 36758333 PMCID: PMC9898056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To fight COVID-19 with uncountable medications and bioproducts throughout the world has taken us to another challenge of ecotoxicity. The indiscriminate usage followed by improper disposal of unused antibacterials, antivirals, antimalarials, immunomodulators, angiotensin II receptor blockers, corticosteroids, anthelmintics, anticoagulants etc. can lead us to an unimaginable ecotoxicity in the long run. A series of studies already identified active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of the mentioned therapeutic classes and their metabolites in aquatic bodies as well as in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, an initial ecotoxicity assessment of the majorly used pharmaceuticals is utmost requirement of the present time. The present in silico risk assessment study is focused on the aquatic toxicity prediction of 81 pharmaceuticals where 77 are most-used pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 throughout the world based on the literature along with one drug nirmatrelvir [PF-07321332] approved for emergency use by US-FDA and three other molecules under clinical trial. The ecotoxicity of the studied compounds were predicted based on the three aquatic species fish, algae and crustaceans employing the highest quality QSAR models available from the literature as well as using ECOSAR and QSAR Toolbox. To compare the toxicity thresholds, we have also used 4 control pharmaceuticals based on the worldwide occurrence from river, lake, STP, WWTPs, influent and effluent followed by high reported aquatic toxicity over the years as per the literature. Based on the statistical comparison, we have proposed top 3 pharmaceuticals used for the COVID-19 most toxic to the aquatic environment. The study will provide confident predictions of aquatic ecotoxicity data related to abundant use of COVID-19 drugs. The major aim of the study is to fill up the aquatic ecotoxicity data gap of major medications used for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabiruddin Khan
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Supratik Kar
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA.
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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19
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Study of the Effect of Antibiotics in Drinking Water on the Content of Antioxidant Compounds in Red Wines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010206. [PMID: 36615402 PMCID: PMC9822000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residues in drinking water may be a source of contamination, which could affect the diffusion of polyphenols into the wine must during the traditional fermentation process. Antibiotic residues such as ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin on the diffusion of polyphenols and anthocyanins during wine fermentation were studied. Different samples were taken at different periods (0, 48, 96, and 168 h) to analyse the total polyphenols, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity, which were correlated with Peleg's equation to establish the diffusion kinetics of these compounds. The results indicated that the presence of antibiotics reduced between 40 and 50% the diffusion of the total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins in red wine. The use of ivermectin showed the highest kinetic parameter k1 compared with the use of other antibiotics. This suggested that the chemical structure and molecular weight of the antibiotics could play an important role in inhibiting the metabolism of yeasts affecting the ethanol and CO2 production. Consequently, cell membranes would be impermeable and would not allow the release of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies that allow future water quality control in wine production companies.
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20
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Goveas LC, Selvaraj R, Kumar PS, Vinayagam R, Sajankila SP. Biodegradation kinetics and metabolism of Benzo(a)fluorene by Pseudomonas strains isolated from refinery effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136041. [PMID: 35981623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The final sinkers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons are water sources, where they undergo bioaccumulation and biomagnification, leading to adverse mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects on exposure in flora, fauna, and humans. Two indigenous strains, Pseudomonas sp. WDE11 and Pseudomonas sp. WD23, isolated from refinery effluent, degraded over 97.5% of benzo(a)fluorene (10 mg/L) in 7 days. On growth at concentration dependent amounts (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L), the degradation reduced to approximately 90% and 80% respectively in 56 days. Degradation kinetics was concentration dependent, as degradation followed first-order and second-order kinetics for 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L respectively. The half-life for degradation of benzo(a)fluorene ranged between 11.64 - 12.26 days and 13.11-14.5 days for strains WDE11 and WD23 respectively. The values of Andrew-Haldane kinetic parameters i.e. μmax, Ks, and Ki were 0.306 day-1, 11.11 mg/L, and 120.41 mg/L for strain WDE11 respectively, while for strain WD23, the respective values were 0.312 day-1, 9.97 mg/L, and 152 mg/L. Degradation metabolites were identified by their MS patterns as 3,4-dihydroxy fluorene, 2-(1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl) acetic acid, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, salicylic acid, catechol, and oxalic acid. Metabolic pathway of degradation constructed, revealed that benzo(a)fluorene was metabolized via the formation of fluorene, further metabolized by salicylate pathway forming catechol. The catechol formed was degraded into simpler metabolites by meta-cleavage pathway, which was validated by catechol 2,3 dioxygenase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louella Concepta Goveas
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India.
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shyama Prasad Sajankila
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
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21
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Rodríguez-Serin H, Gamez-Jara A, De La Cruz-Noriega M, Rojas-Flores S, Rodriguez-Yupanqui M, Gallozzo Cardenas M, Cruz-Monzon J. Literature Review: Evaluation of Drug Removal Techniques in Municipal and Hospital Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013105. [PMID: 36293682 PMCID: PMC9602914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There are several techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals (drugs) from wastewater; however, strengths and weaknesses have been observed in their elimination processes that limit their applicability. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the best techniques for the removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal and hospital wastewater. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative-quantitative design was used, corresponding to a systematic review without meta-analysis. Based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 open-access articles were selected from the Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect databases. The results showed that high concentrations of analgesics such as naproxen (1.37 mg/L) and antibiotics such as norfloxacin (0.561 mg/L) are frequently found in wastewater and that techniques such as reverse osmosis, ozonation, and activated sludge have the best removal efficiency, achieving values of 99%. It was concluded that reverse osmosis is one of the most efficient techniques for eliminating ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and diclofenac from municipal wastewater, with removal rates ranging from 96 to 99.9%, while for hospital wastewater the activated sludge technique proved to be efficient, eliminating analgesics and antibiotics in the range of 41-99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Rodríguez-Serin
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | - Auria Gamez-Jara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | | | | | - Magda Rodriguez-Yupanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | | | - José Cruz-Monzon
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II, Trujillo 13011, Peru
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22
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Eryildiz B, Yavuzturk Gul B, Koyuncu I. A sustainable approach for the removal methods and analytical determination methods of antiviral drugs from water/wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103036. [PMID: 35966450 PMCID: PMC9359512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, antiviral drugs especially used for the treatment of COVID-19 have been considered emerging contaminants because of their continuous occurrence and persistence in water/wastewater even at low concentrations. Furthermore, as compared to antiviral drugs, their metabolites and transformation products of these pharmaceuticals are more persistent in the environment. They have been found in environmental matrices all over the world, demonstrating that conventional treatment technologies are unsuccessful for removing them from water/wastewater. Several approaches for degrading/removing antiviral drugs have been studied to avoid this contamination. In this study, the present level of knowledge on the input sources, occurrence, determination methods and, especially, the degradation and removal methods of antiviral drugs are discussed in water/wastewater. Different removal methods, such as conventional treatment methods (i.e. activated sludge), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption, membrane processes, and combined processes, were evaluated. In addition, the antiviral drugs and these metabolites, as well as the transformation products created as a result of treatment, were examined. Future perspectives for removing antiviral drugs, their metabolites, and transformation products were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Eryildiz
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Yavuzturk Gul
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kiyanmehr K, Moussavi G, Mohammadi S, Naddafi K, Giannakis S. The efficacy of the VUV/O 3 process run in a continuous-flow fluidized bed reactor for simultaneous elimination of favipiravir and bacteria in aqueous matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135307. [PMID: 35716652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of the Vacuum UV/Ozonation (VUV/O3) process was evaluated for the degradation of favipiravir (FAV). It was found that coupling O3 and VUV resulted in a considerable synergistic catalytic effect on FAV removal. The VUV/O3 process performed better in moderately alkaline conditions than in acidic ones; complete FAV degradation and 99.4% TOC removal were achieved within 10 and 60 min, respectively. HO• played the dominant role in FAV degradation, with a second-order reaction rate constant with HO• at 1.05 × 1010 M-1 s-1. The VUV/O3 process could effectively treat tap water spiked with FAV. Efficient FAV and TOC removal, as well as total bacterial inactivation, was attained when treating municipal secondary effluent by the VUV/O3 process. Finally, the VUV/O3 process was operated in a continuous-flow mode in a fluidized-bed (FBR) reactor for treating FAV-spiked tap water. Complete degradation and 75.1% mineralization of 10 mg/L FAV were obtained at a hydraulic retention time of 1 and 8 min, respectively. The findings clearly suggest that the VUV/O3 process operated in a continuous-flow FBR is a promising, efficient technology for the removal of novel and emerging contaminants, such as the antiviral FAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyan Kiyanmehr
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Moussavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, c/ Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Degradation of the antiviral remdesivir by a novel, continuous-flow, helical-baffle incorporating VUV/UVC photoreactor: Performance assessment and enhancement by inorganic peroxides. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Apodaca Michel B, Navarro M, Pritsch M, Du Plessis JD, Shock J, Schwienhorst-Stich EM, Zirkel J, Schrader H, Saavedra Irala C, Rubilar G, Gunesch C, Kasang C, Zoller T, Gagyor I, Parisi S. Understanding the widespread use of veterinary ivermectin for Chagas disease, underlying factors and implications for the COVID-19 pandemic: a convergent mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058572. [PMID: 36115669 PMCID: PMC9485649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Veterinary ivermectin (vet-IVM) has been used widely in Latin America against COVID-19, despite the lack of scientific evidence and potential risks. Widespread vet-IVM intake was also discovered against Chagas disease during a study in Bolivia prior to the pandemic. All vet-IVM-related data were extracted to understand this phenomenon, its extent and underlying factors and to discuss potential implications for the current pandemic. DESIGN A convergent mixed-methods study design including a survey, qualitative in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). SETTING A cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 covering the geographic area of Monteagudo, an endemic municipality for Chagas disease. PARTICIPANTS A total of 669 adult household representatives from 26 communities participated in the survey, supplemented by 14 IDI and 2 FGD among patients, relatives and key informants. RESULTS 9 IDI and 2 FGD contained narratives on vet-IVM use against Chagas disease. Five main themes emerged: (1) the extent of the vet-IVM phenomenon, (2) the perception of vet-IVM as a treatment for Chagas disease, (3) the vet-IVM market and the controversial role of stakeholders, (4) concerns about potential adverse events and (5) underlying factors of vet-IVM use against Chagas disease.In quantitative analysis, 28% of participants seropositive for Chagas disease had taken vet-IVM. Factors associated with multivariate analysis were advanced age (OR 17.01, 95 CI 1.24 to 36.55, p=0.027 for age above 60 years), the experience of someone close as information source (OR 3.13, 95 CI 1.62 to 5.02, p<0.001), seropositivity for Chagas disease (OR 3.89, 95 CI 1.39 to 6.20, p=0.005) and citing the unavailability of benznidazole as perceived healthcare barrier (OR 2.3, 95 CI 1.45 to 5.18, p=0.002). Participants with an academic education were less likely to report vet-IVM intake (OR 0.12, 95 CI 0.01 to 0.78, p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS Social determinants of health, the unavailability of treatment and a wonder drug image might contribute to the phenomenon of vet-IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Apodaca Michel
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Department, Centro Integral Dermatológico, Monteagudo, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Miriam Navarro
- Department of Public Health, Science History and Gynecology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeremy Douglas Du Plessis
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Shock
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Eva-Maria Schwienhorst-Stich
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janina Zirkel
- Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Schrader
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Saavedra Irala
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Department, Centro Integral Dermatológico, Monteagudo, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Gonzalo Rubilar
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Gunesch
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christa Kasang
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ildiko Gagyor
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Parisi
- Department of Medical and Social Projects, DAHW, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Zungu PV, Kosgey K, Kumari S, Bux F. Effects of antimicrobials in anammox mediated systems: critical review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1551-1564. [PMID: 36178823 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anammox-mediated systems are thought to be cost-effective and efficient technologies for removing nitrogen from wastewater by converting nitrite and ammonium into dinitrogen gas. However, there are inhibitory substances that reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes, preventing their widespread application. Antimicrobial agents are among these substances that have been observed to inhibit anammox-mediated processes. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of various antimicrobials on the anammox-based systems with emphasis on the effects in different reactor configurations, sludge types and microbial population of anammox-based systems. In addition, this review also discusses the mechanisms by which nitrifying bacteria are inhibited by the antimicrobials. Gaps in knowledge based on this review as well as future research needs have also been suggested. This review gives a better knowledge of antimicrobial effects on anammox-based systems and provides some guidance on the type of system to use to treat antimicrobial-containing wastewater using anammox-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phumza Vuyokazi Zungu
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Kiprotich Kosgey
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa E-mail:
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Castañeda-Juárez M, Linares-Hernández I, Martínez-Miranda V, Teutli-Sequeira EA, Castillo-Suárez LA, Sierra-Sánchez AG. SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical drugs: a critical review on the environmental impacts, chemical characteristics, and behavior of advanced oxidation processes in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67604-67640. [PMID: 35930148 PMCID: PMC9362221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research data on the pharmaceutical drugs used to treat the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, their characteristics, environmental impacts, and the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) applied to remove them. A literature survey was conducted using the electronic databases Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer. This complete research includes and discusses relevant studies that involve the introduction, pharmaceutical drugs used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: chemical characteristics and environmental impact, advanced oxidation process (AOP), future trends and discussion, and conclusions. The results show a full approach in the versatility of AOPs as a promising solution to minimize the environmental impact associated with these compounds by the fact that they offer different ways for hydroxyl radical production. Moreover, this article focuses on introducing the fundamentals of each AOP, the main parameters involved, and the concomitance with other sources and modifications over the years. Photocatalysis, sonochemical technologies, electro-oxidation, photolysis, Fenton reaction, ozone, and sulfate radical AOP have been used to mineralize SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical compounds, and the efficiencies are greater than 65%. According to the results, photocatalysis is the main technology currently applied to remove these pharmaceuticals. This process has garnered attention because solar energy can be directly utilized; however, low photocatalytic efficiencies and high costs in large-scale practical applications limit its use. Furthermore, pharmaceuticals in the environment are diverse and complex. Finally, the review also provides ideas for further research needs and major concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Castañeda-Juárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México.
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras CONACYT-IITCA, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P 03940, México
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
- Cátedras COMECYT. Consejo Mexiquense de Ciencia Y Tecnología COMECYT, Paseo Colón núm.: 112-A, col. Ciprés, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, México
| | - Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P 50200, México
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28
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, Molina LCA, Scaliante MHNO. Hydroxychloroquine Adsorption in Aqueous Medium Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2022; 233:287. [PMID: 35875406 PMCID: PMC9289091 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-022-05787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The presence of drugs on a large scale in aquatic matrices raises concern and requires the study of efficient technologies to remove these compounds. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (CP) in removing the drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Zeolite was characterized by BET, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and pHpzc techniques. The kinetic model that best fits the experimental data was the pseudo-first-order and the SIPS isotherm provided the best fit. The Langmuir isotherm RL separation factor (> 0.01) indicated that the adsorption process was favorable and the Freundlich isotherm (n > 1) suggested that the adsorption mechanism occurred mainly by physisorption, with intraparticle diffusion as the step limiting the process. The process was spontaneous (ΔG°ads < 0), endothermic (ΔH°ads > 0), and with increased randomness at the solid-solution interface (ΔS°ads > 0). The initial pH variation of the effluent was not favorable for the adsorption process and the zeolite was easily regenerated for later use. The ecotoxicological tests with Artemia salina and Lactuca Sativa proved that the final effluent did not show toxicity after the adsorption treatment. Based on the results obtained in this work, clinoptilolite zeolite is a potential adsorbent for reducing HCQ toxicity in aquatic matrices. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-022-05787-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Picoli Nippes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Maringa State University, Av. ColomboZona 7, Maringá, PR 579087020-900 Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Maringa State University, Av. ColomboZona 7, Maringá, PR 579087020-900 Brazil
| | - Luiza Carla Augusto Molina
- Chemical Engineering Department, Maringa State University, Av. ColomboZona 7, Maringá, PR 579087020-900 Brazil
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29
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The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles as a clean-up material for water polluted with bacteria DNA conveying antibiotics resistance genes: Effect of different molar concentrations and competing ions. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Photodegradation of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: New Photocatalytic Systems Based on 3D Printed Scaffold-Supported Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposite. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the release of active pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and their persistence in the environment, dangerous consequences can develop in the aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Chitosan/Ag/TiO2 3D printed scaffolds, at different Ag nanoparticle concentrations (10, 100, 1000 ppm) are investigated here as promising materials for photocatalytic degradation under the UV–Vis irradiation of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater. As target drugs, amoxicillin, paracetamol and their 1:1 mix were selected. Ag nanoparticles increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the system based on titanium dioxide embedded in the chitosan scaffold: in the presence of Chitosan/Ag100/TiO2, the selected pharmaceuticals (PhCs), monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy, are completely removed in about 2 h. The photodegradation products of the PhCs were identified by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy and assessed for their toxicological impact on six different bacterial strains: no antibacterial activity was found towards the tested strains. This new system based on Ag/TiO2 supported on 3D chitosan scaffolds may represent an effective strategy to reduce wastewater pollution by emerging contaminants.
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31
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Bustos E, Sandoval-González A, Martínez-Sánchez C. Detection and Treatment of Persistent Pollutants in Water: General Review of Pharmaceutical Products. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroq76703México 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Antonia Sandoval-González
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
| | - Carolina Martínez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC: Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica SC Science Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/nSanfandila 76703 Pedro Escobedo MEXICO
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32
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Fabiano B, Hailwood M, Thomas P. Safety, environmental and risk management related to Covid-19. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2022; 160:397-399. [PMID: 35194340 PMCID: PMC8849899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fabiano
- University of Genoa, DICCA - Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mark Hailwood
- LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philip Thomas
- University of Bristol, Faculty of Engineering, Bristol, United Kingdom
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33
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Morales-Paredes CA, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Boluda-Botella N. Pharmaceutical compounds used in the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of their presence in water and treatment techniques for their elimination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152691. [PMID: 34974020 PMCID: PMC8717703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, high consumption of antivirals, antibiotics, antiparasitics, antiprotozoals, and glucocorticoids used in the treatment of this virus has been reported. Conventional treatment systems fail to efficiently remove these contaminants from water, becoming an emerging concern from the environmental field. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to address the current state of the literature on the presence and removal processes of these drugs from water bodies. It was found that the concentration of most of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 increased during the pandemic in water bodies. Before the pandemic, Azithromycin concentrations in surface waters were reported to be in the order of 4.3 ng L-1, and during the pandemic, they increased up to 935 ng L-1. Laboratory scale studies conclude that adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can be effective in the removal of these drugs. Up to more than 80% removal of Azithromycin, Chloroquine, Ivermectin, and Dexamethasone in aqueous solutions have been reported using these processes. Pilot-scale tests achieved 100% removal of Azithromycin from hospital wastewater by adsorption with powdered activated carbon. At full scale, treatment plants supplemented with ozonation and artificial wetlands removed all Favipiravir and Azithromycin, respectively. It should be noted that hybrid technologies can improve removal rates, process kinetics, and treatment cost. Consequently, the development of new materials that can act synergistically in technically and economically sustainable treatments is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Morales-Paredes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain; Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Manta 130802, Ecuador.
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130104, Ecuador
| | - Nuria Boluda-Botella
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua y las Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
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Vemuri DK, Gundla R, Konduru N, Mallavarapu R, Katari NK. Favipiravir (SARS-CoV-2) degradation impurities: Identification and route of degradation mechanism in the finished solid dosage form using LC/LC-MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5363. [PMID: 35292997 PMCID: PMC9073977 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir finished dosage was approved for emergency use in many countries to treat SARS-CoV-2 patients. A specific, accurate, linear, robust, simple and stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of degradation impurities present in the Favipiravir film coated tablets. All impurities were separation achieved from the stationary phase (Inert sustain AQ-C18, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle) and mobile phase. The mobile phase - A contains KH2 PO4 buffer (pH 2.5±0.05) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 98:2 v/v and mobile phase - B contains water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v respectively. The chromatographic conditions were optimized such as flow rate 0.7 ml/min, UV detection at 210 nm, injection volume 20 μl and the column temperature 33°C. The proposed method was validated as per the current ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from LOQ to 150% optimal concentrations. The method validation results were found between 98.6 to 106.2% for recovery and r2 = 0.9995 to 0.9999 for linearity of all identified impurities. The method precision results were achieved below 5% of RSD. Performed the forced degradation studies in chemical and physical stress conditions. The compound was sensitive to chemical stress conditions. During the study, the analyte was degraded, converted into unknown degradation impurities, and found its molecular mass by the LC-MS technique and established degradation pathways supported by reaction of mechanism. The developed method was found to be suitable for routine analysis of R&D and QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kumar Vemuri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA.,Analytical Research and Development, YunNan Longjin Careyou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunming city, Yunnan province, CHINA
| | - Ravindra Mallavarapu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Hyderabad, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Telangana, INDIA.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Gwenzi W, Selvasembian R, Offiong NAO, Mahmoud AED, Sanganyado E, Mal J. COVID-19 drugs in aquatic systems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1275-1294. [PMID: 35069060 PMCID: PMC8760103 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced an unprecedented increase in the use of several old and repurposed therapeutic drugs such as veterinary medicines, e.g. ivermectin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, protein and peptide therapeutics, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and antimalarial drugs, antiretrovirals, analgesics, and supporting agents, e.g. azithromycin and corticosteroids. Excretion of drugs and their metabolites in stools and urine release these drugs into wastewater, and ultimately into surface waters and groundwater systems. Here, we review the sources, behaviour, environmental fate, risks, and remediation of those drugs. We discuss drug transformation in aquatic environments and in wastewater treatment systems. Degradation mechanisms and metabolite toxicity are poorly known. Potential risks include endocrine disruption, acute and chronic toxicity, disruption of ecosystem functions and trophic interactions in aquatic organisms, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401 India
| | - Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR), University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences, Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Nigeria
| | - Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 China
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh India
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Abstract
Currently, thanks to the development of sensitive analytical techniques, the presence of different emerging pollutants in aquatic ecosystems has been evidenced; however, most of them have not been submitted to any regulation so far. Among emerging contaminants, antimicrobials have received particular attention in recent decades, mainly due to the concerning development of antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria, but little is known about the toxicological and ecological impact that antimicrobials can have on aquatic ecosystems. Their high consumption in human and veterinary medicine, food-producing animals and aquaculture, as well as persistence and poor absorption have caused antimicrobials to be discharged into receiving waters, with or without prior treatment, where they have been detected at ng-mg L−1 levels with the potential to cause effects on the various organisms living within aquatic systems. This review presents the current knowledge on the occurrence of antimicrobials in aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing their occurrence in different environmental matrixes and the effects on aquatic organisms (cyanobacteria, microalgae, invertebrates and vertebrates).
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