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Onyango MG, Payne AF, Stout J, Dieme C, Kuo L, Kramer LD, Ciota AT. Aedes albopictus saliva contains a richer microbial community than the midgut. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:267. [PMID: 38918848 PMCID: PMC11197185 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past findings demonstrate that arthropods can egest midgut microbiota into the host skin leading to dual colonization of the vertebrate host with pathogens and saliva microbiome. A knowledge gap exists on how the saliva microbiome interacts with the pathogen in the saliva. To fill this gap, we need to first define the microbial composition of mosquito saliva. METHODS The current study aimed at analyzing and comparing the microbial profile of Aedes albopictus saliva and midgut as well as assessing the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on the midgut and saliva microbial composition. Colony-reared Ae. albopictus strains were either exposed to ZIKV infectious or noninfectious bloodmeal. At 14 ays postinfection, the 16S V3-V4 hypervariable rRNA region was amplified from midgut and saliva samples and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The relative abundance and diversity of midgut and saliva microbial taxa were assessed. RESULTS We observed a richer microbial community in the saliva compared with the midgut, yet some of the microbial taxa were common in the midgut and saliva. ZIKV infection did not impact the microbial diversity of midgut or saliva. Further, we identified Elizabethkingia spp. in the Ae. albopictus saliva. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the microbial community of the Ae. albopictus saliva as well as the influence of ZIKV infection on the microbial composition of its midgut and saliva. The identification of Elizabethkingia spp., an emerging pathogen of global health significance, in Ae. albopictus saliva is of medical importance. Future studies to assess the interactions between Ae. albopictus saliva microbiome and ZIKV could lead to novel strategies for developing transmission barrier tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Onyango
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main St, Lubbock, Texas, 79409-3131, USA.
| | - Anne F Payne
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
| | - Jessica Stout
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
| | - Constentin Dieme
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
| | - Lili Kuo
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
| | - Laura D Kramer
- School of Public Health, State University of New York Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander T Ciota
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA
- School of Public Health, State University of New York Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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2
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Kumar T, Maitra S, Rai R, Priyanka, Maitra S, Tirkey NN, Kumari R. The dichotomy between probiotic lactic acid bacteria and Plasmodium: A promising therapeutic avenue. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107284. [PMID: 38857820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of gut microbial populations and their immense influence on host immunity, health, and diseases has increased deeply in recent years. Numerous reports have identified the role of mosquito and mammalian gut microbiota in the modulation of host susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. Artemisinin resistance in malaria-endemic regions necessitates the development of new, safer, and more affordable treatments to supplement existing therapies. In this review, we compiled a colossal amount of data from numerous studies that have assessed the roles played by gut microbial communities in Plasmodium infection, progression, transmission, and severity. Most interestingly, our study points to the overwhelming evidence from experimental studies in mural malaria to human trials, suggesting that the presence of lactic acid bacteria in the gut microbiota of mammalian hosts provides a great degree of protection against malaria. Therefore, our study provides a compelling narrative for probiotic administration as an adjunct therapy for combatting malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panch Pargana Kisan College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835204, India.
| | - Satarupa Maitra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Rai
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satwat Maitra
- Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Allahabad University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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de Oliveira JC, de Melo Katak R, Muniz VA, de Oliveira MR, Rocha EM, da Silva WR, do Carmo EJ, Roque RA, Marinotti O, Terenius O, Astolfi-Filho S. Bacteria isolated from Aedes aegypti with potential vector control applications. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108094. [PMID: 38479456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Highly anthropophilic and adapted to urban environments, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of arboviruses that cause human diseases such as dengue, zika, and chikungunya fever, especially in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Microorganisms with mosquitocidal and larvicidal activities have been suggested as environmentally safe alternatives to chemical or mechanical mosquito control methods. Here, we analyzed cultivable bacteria isolated from all stages of the mosquito life cycle for their larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti. A total of 424 bacterial strains isolated from eggs, larvae, pupae, or adult Ae. aegypti were analyzed for the pathogenic potential of their crude cultures against larvae of this same mosquito species. Nine strains displayed larvicidal activity comparable to the strain AM65-52, reisolated from commercial BTi-based product VectoBac® WG. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the set of larvicidal strains contains two representatives of the genus Bacillus, five Enterobacter, and two Stenotrophomonas. This study demonstrates that some bacteria isolated from Ae. aegypti are pathogenic for the mosquito from which they were isolated. The data are promising for developing novel bioinsecticides for the control of these medically important mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo - ESALQ - USP, Brazil
| | - Elerson Matos Rocha
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Central Multiuser Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Júnior do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB/UFAM, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Marinotti
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Spartaco Astolfi-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB/UFAM, Brazil
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4
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Liu ZL, Qiu QG, Cheng TY, Liu GH, Liu L, Duan DY. Composition of the Midgut Microbiota Structure of Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick Parasitizing Tiger and Deer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1557. [PMID: 38891605 PMCID: PMC11171073 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis is a common tick species that carries several pathogens. There are few reports on the influence of different hosts on the structure of midgut microflora in H. longicornis. In this study, midgut contents of fully engorged female H. longicornis were collected from the surface of tiger (Panthera tigris) and deer (Dama dama). The bacterial genomic DNA of each sample was extracted, and the V3-V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA were sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing. The diversity of the bacterial community of the fully engorged female H. longicornis on the surface of tiger was higher than that of deer. In total, 8 phyla and 73 genera of bacteria annotations were detected in the two groups. At the phylum level, the bacterial phyla common to the two groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, there were 20 common bacterial genera, among which the relative abundances of Coxiella, Morganella, Diplorickettsia, and Acinetobacter were high. The Morganella species was further identified to be Morganella morganii. The alpha diversity index indicated that the bacterial diversity of the tiger group was higher than that of the deer group. Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria were solely detected in the tiger group. A total of 52 bacterial genera were unique in the tiger group, while one bacterial genus was unique in the deer group. This study indicates that there are differences in the structure of the gut bacteria of the same tick species among different hosts. Further culture-based methods are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the tick microbiota parasitizing different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ling Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-L.L.); (T.-Y.C.); (G.-H.L.)
| | - Qi-Guan Qiu
- Changsha Ecological Zoo, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Tian-Yin Cheng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-L.L.); (T.-Y.C.); (G.-H.L.)
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-L.L.); (T.-Y.C.); (G.-H.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-L.L.); (T.-Y.C.); (G.-H.L.)
| | - De-Yong Duan
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-L.L.); (T.-Y.C.); (G.-H.L.)
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5
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Tokash-Peters AG, Niyonzima JD, Kayirangwa M, Muhayimana S, Tokash IW, Jabon JD, Lopez SG, Kearns PJ, Woodhams DC. Mosquito Microbiomes of Rwanda: Characterizing Mosquito Host and Microbial Communities in the Land of a Thousand Hills. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:64. [PMID: 38691215 PMCID: PMC11062966 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are a complex nuisance around the world and tropical countries bear the brunt of the burden of mosquito-borne diseases. Rwanda has had success in reducing malaria and some arboviral diseases over the last few years, but still faces challenges to elimination. By building our understanding of in situ mosquito communities in Rwanda at a disturbed, human-occupied site and at a natural, preserved site, we can build our understanding of natural mosquito microbiomes toward the goal of implementing novel microbial control methods. Here, we examined the composition of collected mosquitoes and their microbiomes at two diverse sites using Cytochrome c Oxidase I sequencing and 16S V4 high-throughput sequencing. The majority (36 of 40 species) of mosquitoes captured and characterized in this study are the first-known record of their species for Rwanda but have been characterized in other nations in East Africa. We found significant differences among mosquito genera and among species, but not between mosquito sexes or catch method. Bacteria of interest for arbovirus control, Asaia, Serratia, and Wolbachia, were found in abundance at both sites and varied greatly by species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Tokash-Peters
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Simon Muhayimana
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Ivan W Tokash
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimy D Jabon
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergio G Lopez
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick J Kearns
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas C Woodhams
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang L, Wang D, Shi P, Li J, Niu J, Chen J, Wang G, Wu L, Chen L, Yang Z, Li S, Meng J, Ruan F, He Y, Zhao H, Ren Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li J, Wang P, Wang J, Zhu Y, Cheng G. A naturally isolated symbiotic bacterium suppresses flavivirus transmission by Aedes mosquitoes. Science 2024; 384:eadn9524. [PMID: 38669573 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The commensal microbiota of the mosquito gut plays a complex role in determining the vector competence for arboviruses. In this study, we identified a bacterium from the gut of field Aedes albopictus mosquitoes named Rosenbergiella sp. YN46 (Rosenbergiella_YN46) that rendered mosquitoes refractory to infection with dengue and Zika viruses. Inoculation of 1.6 × 103 colony forming units (CFUs) of Rosenbergiella_YN46 into A. albopictus mosquitoes effectively prevents viral infection. Mechanistically, this bacterium secretes glucose dehydrogenase (RyGDH), which acidifies the gut lumen of fed mosquitoes, causing irreversible conformational changes in the flavivirus envelope protein that prevent viral entry into cells. In semifield conditions, Rosenbergiella_YN46 exhibits effective transstadial transmission in field mosquitoes, which blocks transmission of dengue virus by newly emerged adult mosquitoes. The prevalence of Rosenbergiella_YN46 is greater in mosquitoes from low-dengue areas (52.9 to ~91.7%) than in those from dengue-endemic regions (0 to ~6.7%). Rosenbergiella_YN46 may offer an effective and safe lead for flavivirus biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Daxi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Peibo Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juzhen Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jichen Niu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jielong Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linjuan Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lu Chen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Susheng Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Fangchao Ruan
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zirui Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yibaina Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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Calleros-González P, Ibarra-Juarez A, Lamelas A, Suárez-Moo P. How host species and body part determine the microbial communities of five ambrosia beetle species. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00502-0. [PMID: 38489098 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The ambrosia beetles are farming insects that feed mainly on their cultivated fungi, which in some occasions are pathogens from forest and fruit trees. We used a culture-independent approach based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding analysis to investigate the diversity and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities associated with five ambrosia beetle species: four species native to America (Monarthrum dimidiatum, Dryocoetoides capucinus, Euwallacea discretus, Corthylus consimilis) and an introduced species (Xylosandrus morigerus). For the bacterial community, the beetle species hosted a broad diversity with 1,579 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 66 genera, while for the fungal community they hosted 288 ASVs and 39 genera. Some microbial groups dominated the community within a host species or a body part (Wolbachia in the head-thorax of E. discretus; Ambrosiella in the head-thorax and abdomen of X. morigerus). The taxonomic composition and structure of the microbial communities appeared to differ between beetle species; this was supported by beta-diversity analysis, which indicated that bacterial and fungal communities were clustered mainly by host species. This study characterizes for the first time the microbial communities associated with unexplored ambrosia beetle species, as well as the factors that affect the composition and taxonomic diversity per se, contributing to the knowledge of the ambrosia beetle system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Ibarra-Juarez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México
- Investigador Por México - CONAHCyT. Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México
| | - Araceli Lamelas
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, C.P. 91070, México.
| | - Pablo Suárez-Moo
- Facultad de Química, Unidad de Química-Sisal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, 97356, México.
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Spencer N, Santee M, Wetherhold A, Rio RVM. Draft genome sequence of Wigglesworthia glossinidia "palpalis gambiensis" isolate. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0091223. [PMID: 38206026 PMCID: PMC10868223 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00912-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 0.719 Mb genome of the tsetse endosymbiont, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, from Glossina palpalis gambiensis is presented. This Wigglesworthia genome retains 611 protein-coding sequences and a 25.3% GC content. A cryptic plasmid is conserved, between Wigglesworthia isolates, suggesting functional significance. This genome adds a further dimension to characterize Wigglesworthia lineage-based differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Spencer
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mathilda Santee
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Adam Wetherhold
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rita V. M. Rio
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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9
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El Hamss H, Maruthi MN, Omongo CA, Wang HL, van Brunschot S, Colvin J, Delatte H. Microbiome diversity and composition in Bemisia tabaci SSA1-SG1 whitefly are influenced by their host's life stage. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127538. [PMID: 37952351 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the Bemisia tabaci group of cryptic whitefly species, many are damaging agricultural pests and plant-virus vectors, conferring upon this group the status of one of the world's top 100 most invasive and destructive species, affecting farmers' income and threatening their livelihoods. Studies on the microbiome of whitefly life stages are scarce, although their composition and diversity greatly influence whitefly fitness and development. We used high-throughput sequencing to understand microbiome diversity in different developmental stages of the B. tabaci sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1-SG1) species of the whitefly from Uganda. Endosymbionts (Portiera, Arsenophonus, Wolbachia, and Hemipteriphilus were detected but excluded from further statistical analysis as they were not influenced by life stage using Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance Using Distance Matrices (ADONIS, p = 0.925 and Bray, p = 0.903). Our results showed significant differences in the meta microbiome composition in different life stages of SSA1-SG1. The diversity was significantly higher in eggs (Shannon, p = 0.024; Simpson, p = 0.047) than that in nymphs and pupae, while the number of microbial species observed by the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) was not significant (n(ASV), p = 0.094). At the phylum and genus levels, the dominant constituents in the microbiome changed significantly during various developmental stages, with Halomonas being present in eggs, whereas Bacillus and Caldalkalibacillus were consistently found across all life stages. These findings provide the first description of differing meta microbiome diversity in the life stage of whiteflies, suggesting their putative role in whitefly development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar El Hamss
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom.
| | - M N Maruthi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher A Omongo
- Root Crops Programme, National Crops Resource Research Institute (RCP-NaCRRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hua-Ling Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
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10
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Bhattacharjee P, Karim KA, Khan Z. Harnessing the Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review on Advancing Therapeutic Strategies for Rheumatic Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e50964. [PMID: 38249228 PMCID: PMC10800157 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of disorders that affect the joints, muscles, and bones. These diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and psoriatic arthritis, can cause pain, stiffness, and swelling, leading to reduced mobility and disability. Recent studies have identified the microbiome, the diverse community of microorganisms that live in and on the human body, as a potential factor in the development and progression of rheumatic diseases. Harnessing the microbiome offers a promising new avenue for developing therapeutic strategies for these debilitating conditions. There is growing interest in the role of oral and gut microbiomes in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disease. Microbial metabolites have immunomodulatory properties that could be exploited for rheumatic disorders. A wide range of microorganisms are present in the oral cavity and are found to be vulnerable to the effects of the environment. The physiology and ecology of the microbiota become intimately connected with those of the host, and they critically influence the promotion of health or progression toward disease. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on oral and gut microbiome and its potential future role in the management of rheumatic diseases. This article will also discuss newer treatment strategies such as bioinformatic analyses and fecal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee
- Acute Medicine, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, GBR
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, GBR
| | - Karim Arif Karim
- Medicine and Surgery, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, MWI
| | - Zahid Khan
- Acute Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea, GBR
- Cardiology, Bart's Heart Centre, London, GBR
- Cardiology and General Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
- Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, GBR
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11
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Pohlin F, Frei C, Meyer LCR, Roch FF, Quijada NM, Conrady B, Neubauer V, Hofmeyr M, Cooper D, Stalder G, Wetzels SU. Capture and transport of white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum) cause shifts in their fecal microbiota composition towards dysbiosis. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad089. [PMID: 38026796 PMCID: PMC10673814 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Translocations of Rhinocerotidae are commonly performed for conservation purposes but expose the animals to a variety of stressors (e.g. prolonged fasting, confinement, novel environment, etc.). Stress may change the composition of gut microbiota, which can impact animal health and welfare. White rhinoceroses in particular can develop anorexia, diarrhea and enterocolitis after translocation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of age, sex and translocation on the rhinoceros' fecal bacterial microbiota composition. fecal samples were collected from rhinoceroses at capture (n = 16) and after a >30-hour road transport (n = 7). DNA was isolated from these samples and submitted for 16S rRNA V3-V4 phylotyping. Alpha diversity indices of the rhinoceros' fecal microbiota composition of different age, sex and before and after transport were compared using non-parametric statistical tests and beta diversity indices using Permutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA). Resulting P-values were alpha-corrected (Padj.). Alpha and beta diversity did not differ between rhinoceroses of different age and sex. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity between fecal samples collected from adult animals at capture and after transport. The most abundant bacterial phyla in samples collected at capture were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (85.76%), represented by Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae families. The phyla Proteobacteria (Padj. = 0.009) and Actinobacteria (Padj. = 0.012), amongst others, increased in relative abundance from capture to after transport encompassing potentially pathogenic bacterial families such as Enterobacteriaceae (Padj. = 0.018) and Pseudomonadaceae (Padj. = 0.022). Important commensals such as Spirochaetes (Padj. = 0.009), Fibrobacteres (Padj. = 0.018) and Lachnospiraceae (Padj. = 0.021) decreased in relative abundance. These results indicate that the stressors associated with capture and transport cause an imbalanced fecal microbiota composition in white rhinoceroses that may lead to potentially infectious intestinal disorders. This imbalance may result from recrudescence of normally innocuous pathogens, increased shedding of pathogens or increased vulnerability to new pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Pohlin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Carolin Frei
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Narciso M Quijada
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Parque Científico de Villamayor, Calle Río Duero 12, 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain
| | - Beate Conrady
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädterstr. 38, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Hofmeyr
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Soutpan Road, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Great Plains Conservation and Rhinos Without Borders, Boseja, Maun, Botswana
- Rhino Recovery Fund/Wildlife Conservation Network and Oak Foundation, 1 Kingsway, London WC2B 6AN, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Cooper
- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Cascades 3202, South Africa
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie U Wetzels
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animal and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Tierarztpraxis Brugger, Kitzsteinhornstraße 43, 5700 Zell am See, Austria
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12
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Chakraborty S, Benoit JB, Rowe AR, Sackett JD. Genome sequence of Asaia bogorensis strain SC1 isolated from an Aedes aegypti mosquito crop. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0050923. [PMID: 37931138 PMCID: PMC10652926 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microbe-host interactions is key to combating disease transmission by mosquitoes. Here, we report the genome sequence of Asaia bogorensis strain SC1 isolated from a human-blood-fed Aedes aegypti mosquito crop. Metabolic pathway characteristics of aerobic respiration were present in the genome, along with multiple putative antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Annette R. Rowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua D. Sackett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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13
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Harrison RE, Yang X, Eum JH, Martinson VG, Dou X, Valzania L, Wang Y, Boyd BM, Brown MR, Strand MR. The mosquito Aedes aegypti requires a gut microbiota for normal fecundity, longevity and vector competence. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1154. [PMID: 37957247 PMCID: PMC10643675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes shift from detritus-feeding larvae to blood-feeding adults that can vector pathogens to humans and other vertebrates. The sugar and blood meals adults consume are rich in carbohydrates and protein but are deficient in other nutrients including B vitamins. Facultatively hematophagous insects like mosquitoes have been hypothesized to avoid B vitamin deficiencies by carryover of resources from the larval stage. However, prior experimental studies have also used adults with a gut microbiota that could provision B vitamins. Here, we used Aedes aegypti, which is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV), to ask if carryover effects enable normal function in adults with no microbiota. We show that adults with no gut microbiota produce fewer eggs, live longer with lower metabolic rates, and exhibit reduced DENV vector competence but are rescued by provisioning B vitamins or recolonizing the gut with B vitamin autotrophs. We conclude carryover effects do not enable normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Harrison
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiushuai Yang
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jai Hoon Eum
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Vincent G Martinson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Dou
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Luca Valzania
- Institut Curie, 20 Rue d'Ulm, 75238, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bret M Boyd
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Mark R Brown
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael R Strand
- Department of Entomology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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14
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Caamal-Chan MG, Barraza A, Loera-Muro A, Montes-Sánchez JJ, Castellanos T, Rodríguez-Pagaza Y. Bacterial communities of the psyllid pest Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Central haplotype of tomato crops cultivated at different locations of Mexico. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16347. [PMID: 37941933 PMCID: PMC10629388 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is an insect vector of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' causing "Zebra chip" disease that affects potato and other Solanaceae crops worldwide. In the present study, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with the insect vector Bactericera cockerelli central haplotype of tomato crop fields in four regions from Mexico. Methods PCR was used to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI) and then analyze the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and phylogenetic analysis for haplotype identification of the isolated B. cockerelli. Moreover, we carried out the microbial diversity analysis of several B. cockerelli collected from four regions of Mexico through the NGS sequencing of 16S rRNA V3 region. Finally, Wolbachia was detected by the wsp gene PCR amplification, which is the B. cockerelli facultative symbiont. Also we were able to confirm the relationship with several Wolbachia strains by phylogenetic analysis. Results Our results pointed that B. cockerelli collected in the four locations from Mexico (Central Mexico: Queretaro, and Northern Mexico: Sinaloa, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon) were identified, such as the central haplotype. Analyses of the parameters of the composition, relative abundance, and diversity (Shannon index: 1.328 ± 0.472; Simpson index 0.582 ± 0.167), showing a notably relatively few microbial species in B. cockerelli. Analyses identified various facultative symbionts, particularly the Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) with a relative abundance higher. In contrast, the genera of Sodalis and 'Candidatus Carsonella' (Gammaproteobacteria: Oceanospirillales: Halomonadaceae) were identified with a relatively low abundance. On the other hand, the relative abundance for the genus 'Candidatus Liberibacter' was higher only for some of the locations analyzed. PCR amplification of a fragment of the gene encoding a surface protein (wsp) of Wolbachia and phylogenetic analysis corroborated the presence of this bacterium in the central haplotype. Beta-diversity analysis revealed that the presence of the genus 'Candidatus Liberibacter' influences the microbiota structure of this psyllid species. Conclusions Our data support that the members with the highest representation in microbial community of B. cockerelli central haplotype, comprise their obligate symbiont, Carsonella, and facultative symbionts. We also found evidence that among the factors analyzed, the presence of the plant pathogen affects the structure and composition of the bacterial community associated with B. cockerelli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Goretty Caamal-Chan
- Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Aarón Barraza
- Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Abraham Loera-Muro
- Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Juan J. Montes-Sánchez
- Agricultura, CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Guerrero Negro, B.C.S., México
| | - Thelma Castellanos
- Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, La Paz, B.C.S., México
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15
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El Yamlahi Y, Bel Mokhtar N, Maurady A, Britel MR, Batargias C, Mutembei DE, Nyingilili HS, Malulu DJ, Malele II, Asimakis E, Stathopoulou P, Tsiamis G. Characterization of the Bacterial Profile from Natural and Laboratory Glossina Populations. INSECTS 2023; 14:840. [PMID: 37999039 PMCID: PMC10671886 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.; Diptera: Glossinidae) are viviparous flies that feed on blood and are found exclusively in sub-Saharan Africa. They are the only cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT). In this study, we employed high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to unravel the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in five wild and three laboratory populations of tsetse species (Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. swynnertoni, and G. austeni). The aim was to assess the dynamics of bacterial diversity both within each laboratory and wild population in relation to the developmental stage, insect age, gender, and location. Our results indicated that the bacterial communities associated with the four studied Glossina species were significantly influenced by their region of origin, with wild samples being more diverse compared to the laboratory samples. We also observed that the larval microbiota was significantly different than the adults. Furthermore, the sex and the species did not significantly influence the formation of the bacterial profile of the laboratory colonies once these populations were kept under the same rearing conditions. In addition, Wigglesworthia, Acinetobacter, and Sodalis were the most abundant bacterial genera in all the samples, while Wolbachia was significantly abundant in G. morsitans compared to the other studied species. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) co-occurrence network for each location (VVBD insectary, Doma, Makao, and Msubugwe) indicated a high variability between G. pallidipes and the other species in terms of the number of mutual exclusion and copresence interactions. In particular, some bacterial genera, like Wigglesworthia and Sodalis, with high relative abundance, were also characterized by a high degree of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Yamlahi
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Naima Bel Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed R. Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan 93000, Morocco; (Y.E.Y.); (N.B.M.); (A.M.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Costas Batargias
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Delphina E. Mutembei
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Hamisi S. Nyingilili
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Deusdedit J. Malulu
- Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania; (D.E.M.); (H.S.N.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Imna I. Malele
- Directorate of Research and Technology Development, TVLA, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania;
| | - Elias Asimakis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Panagiota Stathopoulou
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
| | - George Tsiamis
- Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece; (E.A.); (P.S.)
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16
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Gogoi P, Boruah JLH, Yadav A, Debnath R, Saikia R. Comparative seasonal analysis of Eri silkworm (Samia ricini Donovan) gut composition: implications for lignocellulose degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109198-109213. [PMID: 37768488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of biomass such as lignocelluloses to an alternative energy source can contribute to sustainable development. Recently, biomass-degrading enzymes are reported to be common resources in insect-microbe interacting systems. Northeast India harbors ample sericigenous insect resources which are exploited for their silk products. Samia ricini Donovan is an economically important poly-phytophagous silkmoth capable of digesting foliage from different plant species, suggesting the versatility of a robust gut system. Here, a gut bacterial profile was determined by 16S rRNA gene characterization across the holometabolous life cycle during the summer and winter seasons, revealing 3 phyla, 13 families, and 22 genera. Comparative analysis among the seasonal gut isolates revealed a high diversity in summer, predominated by the genus Bacillus due to its high occurrence in all developmental stages. Shannon's diversity index demonstrated the second and fourth instars of summer as well as the fifth instar of winter to be relatively better developmental stages for gut bacteria assembly. Bacterial community shifts in concert to host developmental changes were found to be apparent between early instars and late instars in summer, which differed from those of winter. Forty-three and twenty-nine gut bacterial isolates were found to be cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme producers, respectively. The present results illustrate the gut microbiota of S. ricini over the seasons and support the holometabolous life cycle effect as the most likely factor shaping the gut bacterial microbiota. These findings may provide leads for the development of new cleaner and environmentally friendly lignocellulose-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parishmita Gogoi
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Sector 19, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jyoti Lakshmi Hati Boruah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Archana Yadav
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Rajal Debnath
- Seri-Biotech Research Laboratory, Central Silk Board, Bangalore, 560035, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Sector 19, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Saarman NP, Son JH, Zhao H, Cosme LV, Kong Y, Li M, Wang S, Weiss BL, Echodu R, Opiro R, Aksoy S, Caccone A. Genomic evidence of sex chromosome aneuploidy and infection-associated genotypes in the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes, the major vector of African trypanosomiasis in Uganda. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 114:105501. [PMID: 37709241 PMCID: PMC10593118 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary vector of the trypanosome parasite causing human and animal African trypanosomiasis in Uganda is the riverine tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff). Our study improved the Gff genome assembly with whole genome 10× Chromium sequencing of a lab reared pupae, identified autosomal versus sex-chromosomal regions of the genome with ddRAD-seq data from 627 field caught Gff, and identified SNPs associated with trypanosome infection with genome-wide association (GWA) analysis in a subset of 351 flies. Results from 10× Chromium sequencing greatly improved Gff genome assembly metrics and assigned a full third of the genome to the sex chromosome. Results from ddRAD-seq suggested possible sex-chromosome aneuploidy in Gff and identified a single autosomal SNP to be highly associated with trypanosome infection. The top associated SNP was ∼1100 bp upstream of the gene lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), an important component of the molecular pathway that initiates trypanosome lysis and protection in mammals. Results suggest that there may be naturally occurring genetic variation in Gff in genomic regions in linkage disequilibrium with LCAT that can protect against trypanosome infection, thereby paving the way for targeted research into novel vector control strategies that can promote parasite resistance in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Hak Son
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Yong Kong
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mo Li
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Serap Aksoy
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Sarkar P, Lin CY, Buritica JR, Killiny N, Levy A. Crossing the Gateless Barriers: Factors Involved in the Movement of Circulative Bacteria Within Their Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1805-1816. [PMID: 37160668 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0249-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens transmitted by hemipteran vectors pose a large threat to the agricultural industry worldwide. Although virus-vector relationships have been widely investigated, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the molecular interactions between circulative bacteria and their insect vectors, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. In this review, we will describe how these bacterial pathogens adhere, invade, and proliferate inside their insect vectors. We will also highlight the different transmission routes and molecular factors of phloem-limited bacteria that maintain an effective relationship with the insect host. Understanding the pathogen-vector relationship at the molecular level will help in the management of vector-borne bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Jacobo Robledo Buritica
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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19
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Pacheco-Torres I, Hernández-Sánchez D, García-De la Peña C, Tarango-Arámbula LA, Crosby-Galván MM, Sánchez-Santillán P. Analysis of the Intestinal and Faecal Bacterial Microbiota of the Cervidae Family Using 16S Next-Generation Sequencing: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1860. [PMID: 37513032 PMCID: PMC10386072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cervidae family has a wide distribution due to its adaptation to numerous ecological environments, which allows it to develop a diverse microbial community in its digestive tract. Recently, research has focused on the taxonomic composition and functionality of the intestinal and faecal microbiota of different cervid species worldwide, as well as their microbial diversity and variation under different associated factors such as age, sex, diet, distribution, and seasonal variation. In addition, there is special interest in knowing how cervids act as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogenic microorganisms, which represent a threat to public health. This review provides a synthesis of the growing field of microbiota determination in cervids worldwide, focusing on intestinal and faecal samples using 16S next-generation sequencing. It also documents factors influencing microbial diversity and composition, the microorganisms reported as pathogenic/zoonotic, and the perspectives regarding the conservation of these species. Knowing the interactions between bacteria and cervid health can drive management and conservation strategies for these species and help develop an understanding of their evolutionary history and the interaction with emerging disease-causing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulino Sánchez-Santillán
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics No. 2, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Cuajinicuilapa 41940, Mexico
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20
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Seabourn PS, Weber DE, Spafford H, Medeiros MCI. Aedes albopictus microbiome derives from environmental sources and partitions across distinct host tissues. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1364. [PMID: 37379424 PMCID: PMC10261752 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito microbiome consists of a consortium of interacting microorganisms that reside on and within culicid hosts. Mosquitoes acquire most of their microbial diversity from the environment over their life cycle. Once present within the mosquito host, the microbes colonize distinct tissues, and these symbiotic relationships are maintained by immune-related mechanisms, environmental filtering, and trait selection. The processes that govern how environmental microbes assemble across the tissues within mosquitoes remain poorly resolved. We use ecological network analyses to examine how environmental bacteria assemble to form bacteriomes among Aedes albopictus host tissues. Mosquitoes, water, soil, and plant nectar were collected from 20 sites in the Mānoa Valley, Oahu. DNA was extracted and associated bacteriomes were inventoried using Earth Microbiome Project protocols. We find that the bacteriomes of A. albopictus tissues were compositional taxonomic subsets of environmental bacteriomes and suggest that the environmental microbiome serves as a source pool that supports mosquito microbiome diversity. Within the mosquito, the microbiomes of the crop, midgut, Malpighian tubules, and ovaries differed in composition. This microbial diversity partitioned among host tissues formed two specialized modules: one in the crop and midgut, and another in the Malpighian tubules and ovaries. The specialized modules may form based on microbe niche preferences and/or selection of mosquito tissues for specific microbes that aid unique biological functions of the tissue types. A strong niche-driven assembly of tissue-specific microbiotas from the environmental species pool suggests that each tissue has specialized associations with microbes, which derive from host-mediated microbe selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S. Seabourn
- Plant and Environmental Protection SciencesHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Pacific Biosciences Research CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Danya E. Weber
- Pacific Biosciences Research CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Helen Spafford
- Plant and Environmental Protection SciencesHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matthew C. I. Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research CenterUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Center for Microbiome Analysis through Island Knowledge and InvestigationUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
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Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065753. [PMID: 36982826 PMCID: PMC10059942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs are important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, AMPs exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions in the host. They support insects in the elimination of viral infections. AMPs participate in the regulation of brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep and non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, and activity, they can affect the functioning of the insect nervous system. Expansion of the AMP repertoire and loss of their specificity is connected with the aging process and lifespan of insects. Moreover, AMPs take part in maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating the number of endosymbionts as well as reducing the number of foreign microbiota. In turn, the presence of AMPs in insect venom prevents the spread of infection in social insects, where the prey may be a source of pathogens.
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22
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Rupawate PS, Roylawar P, Khandagale K, Gawande S, Ade AB, Jaiswal DK, Borgave S. Role of gut symbionts of insect pests: A novel target for insect-pest control. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146390. [PMID: 36992933 PMCID: PMC10042327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects possess beneficial and nuisance values in the context of the agricultural sector and human life around them. An ensemble of gut symbionts assists insects to adapt to diverse and extreme environments and to occupy every available niche on earth. Microbial symbiosis helps host insects by supplementing necessary diet elements, providing protection from predators and parasitoids through camouflage, modulation of signaling pathway to attain homeostasis and to trigger immunity against pathogens, hijacking plant pathways to circumvent plant defence, acquiring the capability to degrade chemical pesticides, and degradation of harmful pesticides. Therefore, a microbial protection strategy can lead to overpopulation of insect pests, which can drastically reduce crop yield. Some studies have demonstrated increased insect mortality via the destruction of insect gut symbionts; through the use of antibiotics. The review summarizes various roles played by the gut microbiota of insect pests and some studies that have been conducted on pest control by targeting the symbionts. Manipulation or exploitation of the gut symbionts alters the growth and population of the host insects and is consequently a potential target for the development of better pest control strategies. Methods such as modulation of gut symbionts via CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi and the combining of IIT and SIT to increase the insect mortality are further discussed. In the ongoing insect pest management scenario, gut symbionts are proving to be the reliable, eco-friendly and novel approach in the integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravara S. Rupawate
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Roylawar
- Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Suresh Gawande
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Avinash B. Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal,
| | - Seema Borgave
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
- Seema Borgave,
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23
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Resisting an invasion: A review of the triatomine vector (Kissing bug) defense strategies against a Trypanosoma sp infection. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106745. [PMID: 36375520 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Triatomines are an important group of insects in the Americas. They serve as transmission vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent responsible for the deadly Chagas disease in humans. The digenetic parasite has a complex life cycle, alternating between mammalian and insect hosts, facing different environments. In the insect vector, the metacyclic trypomastigote (non-replicative) and epimastigote (replicative) stages face a set of insect-mediated environmental changes, such as intestinal pH, body temperature, nutrient availability, and vector immune response. These insects have the ability to differentiate between self and non-self-particles using their innate immune system. This immune system comprises physical barriers, cellular responses (phagocytosis, nodules and encapsulation), humoral factors, including effector mechanisms (antimicrobial peptides and prophenoloxidase cascade) and the intestinal microbiota. Here, we consolidate and synthesize the available literature to describe the defense mechanisms deployed by the triatomine vector against the parasite, as documented in recent years, the possible mechanisms developed by the parasite to protect against the insect's specific microenvironment and innate immune responses, and future perspectives on the Triatomine-Trypanosome interaction.
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Layouni S, Remadi L, Chaâbane-Banaoues R, Haouas N, Babba H. Identification of cuticle and midgut fungal microflora of phlebotomine sandflies collected in Tunisia. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:64. [PMID: 36633698 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the proven vectors of Leishmaniases which are widespread parasitosis in many tropical and subtropical countries. The development of infective metacyclic Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) promastigotes stage is restricted to the vector midgut. Recently, several studies have assessed the influence of the sand fly midgut fungal microflora on the development of invective Leishmania stage. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal microflora from the cuticle and midgut of wild caught sandflies. A total of 50 sandflies were caught in two different leishmaniasis foci of center Tunisia and analyzed using an in vitro isolation of fungi followed by a morphological and molecular identification of fungal isolates. The morphological identification of sandflies specimens revealed five Species: Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi (n = 25), P. perniciosus (n = 15) P. riouxi (n = 6), P. longicuspis (n = 3) and P. sergenti (n = 1). Forty positive fungal cultures were isolated from 34 sand flies (19 males and 15 females) distributed as following: P. papatasi (n = 16), P. perniciosus (n = 11), P. riouxi (n = 4), P. longicuspis (n = 2) and P. sergenti (n = 1). Thirty-five cultures were isolated from the cuticles and five from the guts. A total of 15 fungi genera belonging to 8 families were identified with the predominance of Aspergillus genus followed by Penicillium genus. Among the 15 fungi genera, five were common between males and females specimens. Lecytophora canina and Leishmania major co-infection was detected in the gut of a female P. papatasi. Our preliminary findings highlight the high diversity of fungal microflora from the sand flies midguts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Layouni
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. .,Department of Nutrition and Environmental Sciences, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Latifa Remadi
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Haouas
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Microbiome comparison of Dermanyssus gallinae populations from different farm rearing systems and the presence of common endosymbiotic bacteria at developmental stages. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:227-235. [PMID: 36401143 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hematophagous arthropod, Dermanyssus gallinae (Poultry red mite, PRM) can cause remarkable economic losses in the poultry industry across the globe. Although overall composition of endosymbiotic bacteria has been shown in previous studies, how farm habitats influence the microbiome remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the bacterial communities of D. gallinae populations collected from the cage and free-range farms using next-generation sequences targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The QIIME2 pipeline was followed in bioinformatic analyses. Proteobacteria represented a great majority of the total bacterial community of D. gallinae from both farming systems. More specifically, Bartonella-like bacteria (40.8%) and Candidatus Cardinium (21.5%) were found to be predominant genera in free-range and cage rearing systems, respectively. However, the microbiome variation based on farming systems was not statistically significant. In addition, the presence of the five common endosymbiotic bacteria (Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsiella, Spiroplasma, and Schineria) was screened in different developmental stages of D. gallinae. Cardinium was detected in all developmental stages of D. gallinae. On the other hand, Wolbachia and Rickettsiella were only found in adults/nymphs, but neither in the eggs nor larvae. To our knowledge, this study provides the first microbiome comparison at genus-level in D. gallinae populations collected from different farm habitats and will contribute to the knowledge of the biology of D. gallinae.
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Amni F, Maleki-Ravasan N, Nateghi-Rostami M, Hadighi R, Karimian F, Meamar AR, Badirzadeh A, Parvizi P. Co-infection of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) gut bacteria with Leishmania major exacerbates the pathological responses of BALB/c mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1115542. [PMID: 36779192 PMCID: PMC9909354 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1115542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical features and severity of the leishmaniasis is extremely intricate and depend on several factors, especially sand fly-derived products. Bacteria in the sand fly's gut are a perpetual companion of Leishmania parasites. However, consequences of the concomitance of these bacteria and Leishmania parasite outside the midgut environment have not been investigated in the infection process. Herein, a needle infection model was designed to mimic transmission by sand flies, to examine differences in the onset and progression of L. major infection initiated by inoculation with "low" or "high" doses of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The results showed an alteration in the local expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice receiving different inoculations of bacteria. Simultaneous injection of two bacteria with Leishmania parasites in the low-dose group caused greater thickness of ear pinna and enhanced tissue chronic inflammatory cells, as well as resulted in multifold increase in the expression of IL-4 and IL-1β and a decrease in the iNOS expression, without changing the L. major burden. Despite advances in scientific breakthroughs, scant survey has investigated the interaction between micro and macro levels of organization of leishmaniasis that ranges from the cellular to macro ecosystem levels, giving rise to the spread and persistence of the disease in a region. Our findings provide new insight into using the potential of the vector-derived microbiota in modulating the vertebrate immune system for the benefit of the host or recommend the use of appropriate antibiotics along with antileishmanial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Amni
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Maleki-Ravasan
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, ; Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami, ; Ramtin Hadighi, ; Parviz Parvizi,
| | - Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, ; Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami, ; Ramtin Hadighi, ; Parviz Parvizi,
| | - Ramtin Hadighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, ; Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami, ; Ramtin Hadighi, ; Parviz Parvizi,
| | - Fateh Karimian
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Meamar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Parvizi
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, ; Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami, ; Ramtin Hadighi, ; Parviz Parvizi,
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de Angeli Dutra D, Salloum PM, Poulin R. Vector microbiome: will global climate change affect vector competence and pathogen transmission? Parasitol Res 2023; 122:11-17. [PMID: 36401142 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are among the greatest causes of human suffering globally. Several studies have linked climate change and increasing temperature with rises in vector abundance, and in the incidence and geographical distribution of diseases. The microbiome of vectors can have profound effects on how efficiently a vector sustains pathogen development and transmission. Growing evidence indicates that the composition of vectors' gut microbiome might change with shifts in temperature. Nonetheless, due to a lack of studies on vector microbiome turnover under a changing climate, the consequences for vector-borne disease incidence are still unknown. Here, we argue that climate change effects on vector competence are still poorly understood and the expected increase in vector-borne disease transmission might not follow a relationship as simple and straightforward as past research has suggested. Furthermore, we pose questions that are yet to be answered to enhance our current understanding of the effect of climate change on vector microbiomes, competence, and, ultimately, vector-borne diseases transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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28
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Dieng MM, Augustinos AA, Demirbas-Uzel G, Doudoumis V, Parker AG, Tsiamis G, Mach RL, Bourtzis K, Abd-Alla AMM. Interactions between Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus and tsetse endosymbionts in wild tsetse populations. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:447. [PMID: 36447246 PMCID: PMC9707009 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsetse control is considered an effective and sustainable tactic for the control of cyclically transmitted trypanosomosis in the absence of effective vaccines and inexpensive, effective drugs. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is currently used to eliminate tsetse fly populations in an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) context in Senegal. For SIT, tsetse mass rearing is a major milestone that associated microbes can influence. Tsetse flies can be infected with microorganisms, including the primary and obligate Wigglesworthia glossinidia, the commensal Sodalis glossinidius, and Wolbachia pipientis. In addition, tsetse populations often carry a pathogenic DNA virus, the Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) that hinders tsetse fertility and fecundity. Interactions between symbionts and pathogens might affect the performance of the insect host. METHODS In the present study, we assessed associations of GpSGHV and tsetse endosymbionts under field conditions to decipher the possible bidirectional interactions in different Glossina species. We determined the co-infection pattern of GpSGHV and Wolbachia in natural tsetse populations. We further analyzed the interaction of both Wolbachia and GpSGHV infections with Sodalis and Wigglesworthia density using qPCR. RESULTS The results indicated that the co-infection of GpSGHV and Wolbachia was most prevalent in Glossina austeni and Glossina morsitans morsitans, with an explicit significant negative correlation between GpSGHV and Wigglesworthia density. GpSGHV infection levels > 103.31 seem to be absent when Wolbachia infection is present at high density (> 107.36), suggesting a potential protective role of Wolbachia against GpSGHV. CONCLUSION The result indicates that Wolbachia infection might interact (with an undefined mechanism) antagonistically with SGHV infection protecting tsetse fly against GpSGHV, and the interactions between the tsetse host and its associated microbes are dynamic and likely species specific; significant differences may exist between laboratory and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamadou M. Dieng
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonios A. Augustinos
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria ,Present Address: Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 26442 Patras, Greece
| | - Güler Demirbas-Uzel
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vangelis Doudoumis
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Andrew G. Parker
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria ,Present Address: Roppersbergweg 15, 2381 Laab im Walde, Austria
| | - George Tsiamis
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Robert L. Mach
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Biological Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adly M. M. Abd-Alla
- grid.420221.70000 0004 0403 8399Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Wagrammer Straße 5, 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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Elias L, Hearn AJM, Blazier JC, Rogovska YV, Wang J, Li S, Liu S, Nebogatkin IV, Rogovskyy AS. The Microbiota of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus Ticks Collected from a Highly Populated City of Eastern Europe. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:1072-1086. [PMID: 34767049 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have examined, through sequencing the V6 region of 16S rRNA gene, the microbiota of questing Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from rural areas of Central (Dnipropetrovs'k (region D) and Poltava (region P)) and Northeastern (Kharkiv (region K)) Ukraine. In addition to defining the bacterial microbiota of both tick species, the previous investigations also revealed a high degree of inter-sex and inter-regional variations in the tick microbiota. As a continuation of the two studies, the present investigation has analyzed individual microbiota of questing I. ricinus (n = 50) and D. reticulatus (n = 50) ticks originating from Kyiv, the largest city of Ukraine. The Kyiv tick microbiota were compared between males and females for each tick species. Additionally, a cross-regional analysis was performed to compare the microbiota of Kyiv ticks to those from regions D, K, and P. Numerous statistically significant inter-sex and inter-regional variations were detected when alpha diversity, beta diversity, the bacterial relative and differential abundances were assessed. The overall results demonstrated that the microbiota of Kyiv ticks were statistically different compared to the ticks of the other three regions. Besides existing climatic and geographical differences between the four regions, the authors hypothesize that various anthropogenic factors of the megapolis (e.g., animal species translocation, land management, ecology) could have contributed to the distinct microbiota of Kyiv ticks observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leta Elias
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Aimee-Joy M Hearn
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John C Blazier
- Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuliya V Rogovska
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiangli Wang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shuling Liu
- Statistical Collaboration Center, Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Igor V Nebogatkin
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Artem S Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4467 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Krawczyk AI, Röttjers S, Coimbra-Dores MJ, Heylen D, Fonville M, Takken W, Faust K, Sprong H. Tick microbial associations at the crossroad of horizontal and vertical transmission pathways. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:380. [PMID: 36271430 PMCID: PMC9585727 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial communities can affect disease risk by interfering with the transmission or maintenance of pathogens in blood-feeding arthropods. Here, we investigated whether bacterial communities vary between Ixodes ricinus nymphs which were or were not infected with horizontally transmitted human pathogens. METHODS Ticks from eight forest sites were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and their microbiomes were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Tick bacterial communities clustered poorly by pathogen infection status but better by geography. As a second approach, we analysed variation in tick microorganism community structure (in terms of species co-infection) across space using hierarchical modelling of species communities. For that, we analysed almost 14,000 nymphs, which were tested for the presence of horizontally transmitted pathogens B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum, and N. mikurensis, and the vertically transmitted tick symbionts Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsiella spp., Spiroplasma ixodetis, and Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii. RESULTS With the exception of Rickettsiella spp., all microorganisms had either significant negative (R. helvetica and A. phagocytophilum) or positive (S. ixodetis, N. mikurensis, and B. burgdorferi s.l.) associations with M. mitochondrii. Two tick symbionts, R. helvetica and S. ixodetis, were negatively associated with each other. As expected, both B. burgdorferi s.l. and N. mikurensis had a significant positive association with each other and a negative association with A. phagocytophilum. Although these few specific associations do not appear to have a large effect on the entire microbiome composition, they can still be relevant for tick-borne pathogen dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, we propose that M. mitochondrii alters the propensity of ticks to acquire or maintain horizontally acquired pathogens. The underlying mechanisms for some of these remarkable interactions are discussed herein and merit further investigation. Positive and negative associations between and within horizontally and vertically transmitted symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Iwona Krawczyk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Röttjers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria João Coimbra-Dores
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dieter Heylen
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Ln, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Faust
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Speer KA, Teixeira TSM, Brown AM, Perkins SL, Dittmar K, Ingala MR, Wultsch C, Krampis K, Dick CW, Galen SC, Simmons NB, Clare EL. Cascading effects of habitat loss on ectoparasite-associated bacterial microbiomes. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:67. [PMID: 37938296 PMCID: PMC9723575 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Suitable habitat fragment size, isolation, and distance from a source are important variables influencing community composition of plants and animals, but the role of these environmental factors in determining composition and variation of host-associated microbial communities is poorly known. In parasite-associated microbial communities, it is hypothesized that evolution and ecology of an arthropod parasite will influence its microbiome more than broader environmental factors, but this hypothesis has not been extensively tested. To examine the influence of the broader environment on the parasite microbiome, we applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA to characterize the microbiome of 222 obligate ectoparasitic bat flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae) collected from 155 bats (representing six species) from ten habitat fragments in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Parasite species identity is the strongest driver of microbiome composition. To a lesser extent, reduction in habitat fragment area, but not isolation, is associated with an increase in connectance and betweenness centrality of bacterial association networks driven by changes in the diversity of the parasite community. Controlling for the parasite community, bacterial network topology covaries with habitat patch area and exhibits parasite-species specific responses to environmental change. Taken together, habitat loss may have cascading consequences for communities of interacting macro- and microorgansims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Speer
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, D.C, USA.
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, USA.
| | | | - Alexis M Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Susan L Perkins
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Science, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharina Dittmar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melissa R Ingala
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, D.C, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, USA
| | - Claudia Wultsch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl W Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Spencer C Galen
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, GBR, UK
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shaha CM, Dar MA, Pandit RS. Mining the diversity and functional profile of bacterial symbionts from the larvae of Chironomus circumdatus (bloodworms). Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:861-872. [PMID: 35729301 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chironomids are the most abundant aquatic insects in freshwater habitats that can survive in extreme conditions. In this study, as the microbiome provides extended genotype to the host to perform various functions, we explored the microbiota of the Chironomus circumdatus larvae to find out the putative role played by the symbiotic bacteria for the host. The metabarcoding analyses of the larvae revealed that the insect harbors 1771 phylotypes. Out of the various microbial communities found, the majority corresponded to the phyla Proteobacteria (52.59%) and Actinobacteria (20.56%), respectively. The midges also harbored Klebsiella (2.57%), Enterobacter (1.32%), Bacillus (2.29%), and Acinetobacter (2.13%) genera that are involved in detoxification of xenobiotics present in the water. The presence of radiation-resistant genera like Deinococcus, including bacterial species like radiodurans, a highly radiation-resistant bacterium, indicates its potential to support the host's ability to sustain in adverse environments. The functional profiling of the bacteria showed the relative abundance of many enzyme groups, such as transferases (40.62%), oxidoreductases (23.49%), and hydrolases (3.77%). The results indicate that the larvae harbor a considerable variety of bacteria that help the host adapt and survive in the polluted waters. The present study provides thorough insights into the microbiome of the C. circumdatus larvae that can be exploited for the bioremediation of certain pollutants through biomimetic strategies. It also gives us a wake-up call to take a good look at the guts of these disease-carrying insects' inabilities to spread deadly human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali M Shaha
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mudasir A Dar
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Radhakrishna S Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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Prevalence of trypanosomes and selected symbionts in tsetse species of eastern Zambia. Parasitology 2022; 149:1406-1410. [PMID: 35699129 PMCID: PMC10090762 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Insect symbionts have attracted attention for their potential use as anti-parasitic gene products in arthropod disease vectors. While tsetse species of the Luangwa valley have been extensively studied, less is known about the prevalence of symbionts and their interactions with the trypanosome parasite. Polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of Wolbachia and Sodalis bacteria, in tsetse flies infected with trypanosomes (Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei). Out of 278 captured tsetse flies in eastern Zambia, 95.3% (n = 265, 95% CI = 92.8–97.8) carried endosymbionts: Wolbachia (79.1%, 95% CI 73.9–83.8) and Sodalis (86.3%, 95% CI 81.7–90.1). Overall, trypanosome prevalence was 25.5% (n = 71, 95% CI = 20.4–30.7), 10.8% (n = 30, 95% CI 7.1–14.4) for T. brucei, 1.4% (n = 4, 95% CI = 0.4–3.6) for both T. congolense and T. vivax, and 0.7% (n = 2, 95% CI 0.1–2.6) for T. b. rhodesiense. Out of 240 tsetse flies that were infected with Sodalis, trypanosome infection was reported in 40 tsetse flies (16.7%, 95% CI = 12.0–21.4) while 37 (16.8%, 95% CI 11.9–21.8) of the 220 Wolbachia infected tsetse flies were infected with trypanosomes. There was 1.3 times likelihood of T. brucei infection to be present when Wolbachia was present and 1.7 likelihood of T. brucei infection when Sodalis was present. Overall findings suggest absence of correlation between the presence of tsetse endosymbionts and tsetse with trypanosome infection. Lastly, the presence of pathogenic trypanosomes in tsetse species examined provided insights into the risk communities face, and the importance of African trypanosomiasis in the area.
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Comparison of Endemic and Epidemic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Lineages in Culicoides sonorensis Midges. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061221. [PMID: 35746691 PMCID: PMC9230599 DOI: 10.3390/v14061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) primarily infects livestock and is transmitted by direct contact and vectored by Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Endemic to Central and South America, specific VSV lineages spread northward out of endemic regions of Mexico and into the U.S. sporadically every five to ten years. In 2012, a monophyletic epidemic lineage 1.1 successfully spread northward into the U.S. In contrast, the closest endemic ancestor, lineage 1.2, remained circulating exclusively in endemic regions in Mexico. It is not clear what roles virus-animal interactions and/or virus-vector interactions play in the ability of specific viral lineages to escape endemic regions in Mexico and successfully cause outbreaks in the U.S., nor the genetic basis for such incursions. Whole-genome sequencing of epidemic VSV 1.1 and endemic VSV 1.2 revealed significant differences in just seven amino acids. Previous studies in swine showed that VSV 1.1 was more virulent than VSV 1.2. Here, we compared the efficiency of these two viral lineages to infect the vector Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth and Jones) and disseminate to salivary glands for subsequent transmission. Our results showed that midges orally infected with the epidemic VSV 1.1 lineage had significantly higher infection dissemination rates compared to those infected with the endemic VSV 1.2 lineage. Thus, in addition to affecting virus-animal interactions, as seen with higher virulence in pigs, small genetic changes may also affect virus-vector interactions, contributing to the ability of specific viral lineages to escape endemic regions via vector-borne transmission.
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35
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Ring K, Couper LI, Sapiro AL, Yarza F, Yang XF, Clay K, Mateusiak C, Chou S, Swei A. Host blood meal identity modifies vector gene expression and competency. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2698-2711. [PMID: 35231145 PMCID: PMC9314864 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A vector's susceptibility and ability to transmit a pathogen—termed vector competency—determines disease outcomes, yet the ecological factors influencing tick vector competency remain largely unknown. Ixodes pacificus, the tick vector of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) in the western U.S., feeds on rodents, birds, and lizards. Rodents and birds are reservoirs for Bb and infect juvenile ticks, while lizards are refractory to Bb and cannot infect feeding ticks. Additionally, the lizard bloodmeal contains borreliacidal properties, clearing previously infected feeding ticks of their Bb infection. Despite I. pacificus feeding on a range of hosts, it is undetermined how the host identity of the larval bloodmeal affects future nymphal vector competency. We experimentally evaluate the influence of larval host bloodmeal on Bb acquisition by nymphal I. pacificus. Larval I. pacificus were fed on either lizards or mice and after molting, nymphs were fed on Bb‐infected mice. We found that lizard‐fed larvae were significantly more likely to become infected with Bb during their next bloodmeal than mouse‐fed larvae. We also conducted the first RNA‐seq analysis on whole‐bodied I. pacificus and found significant upregulation of tick antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides in the lizard‐fed group. Our results indicate that the lizard bloodmeal significantly alters vector competency and gene regulation in ticks, highlighting the importance of host bloodmeal identity in vector‐borne disease transmission and upends prior notions about the role of lizards in Lyme disease community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie Ring
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106
| | - Lisa I Couper
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 327 Campus Drive, Stanford, 94305
| | - Anne L Sapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158
| | - Fauna Yarza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158
| | - X Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635, Barnhill Drive, MS409J, 46202
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 6823 Charles Avenue, New Orleans, 70118
| | - Chase Mateusiak
- Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology, 4515 McKinley Ave, St. Louis, 63110
| | - Seemay Chou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, 94158.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, 94158
| | - Andrea Swei
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, 94132
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36
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Jones IJ, Sokolow SH, De Leo GA. Three reasons why expanded use of natural enemy solutions may offer sustainable control of human infections. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022; 4:32-43. [PMID: 35450207 PMCID: PMC9017516 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Many infectious pathogens spend a significant portion of their life cycles in the environment or in animal hosts, where ecological interactions with natural enemies may influence pathogen transmission to people. Yet, our understanding of natural enemy opportunities for human disease control is lacking, despite widespread uptake and success of natural enemy solutions for pest and parasite management in agriculture. 2. Here we explore three reasons why conserving, restoring, or augmenting specific natural enemies in the environment could offer a promising complement to conventional clinical strategies to fight environmentally mediated pathogens and parasites. (1) Natural enemies of human infections abound in nature, largely understudied and undiscovered. (2) Natural enemy solutions could provide ecological options for infectious disease control where conventional interventions are lacking. And, (3) Many natural enemy solutions could provide important co-benefits for conservation and human well-being. 3. We illustrate these three arguments with a broad set of examples whereby natural enemies of human infections have been used or proposed to curb human disease burden, with some clear successes. However, the evidence base for most proposed solutions is sparse, and many opportunities likely remain undiscovered, highlighting opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- IJ Jones
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950,Corresponding Author: Isabel J. Jones, , 415-309-3125
| | - SH Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - GA De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950,Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
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Markalanda SH, McFadden CJ, Cassidy ST, Wood CW. The soil microbiome increases plant survival and modifies interactions with root endosymbionts in the field. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8283. [PMID: 35126998 PMCID: PMC8796929 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the soil microbiome-the community of microorganisms living in soils-has a major effect on plant traits and fitness. However, most work to date has taken place under controlled laboratory conditions and has not experimentally disentangled the effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance from the effects of key endosymbiotic constituents. As a result, it is difficult to extrapolate from existing data to understand the role of the soil microbiome in natural plant populations. To address this gap, we performed a field experiment using the black medick Medicago lupulina to test how the soil microbiome influences plant performance and colonization by two root endosymbionts (the mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Ensifer spp. and the parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla) under natural conditions. We inoculated all plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and factorially manipulated the soil microbiome and nematode infection. We found that plants grown in microbe-depleted soil exhibit greater mortality, but that among the survivors, there was no effect of the soil microbiome on plant performance (shoot biomass, root biomass, or shoot-to-root ratio). The soil microbiome also impacted parasitic nematode infection and affected colonization by mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a plant genotype-dependent manner, increasing colonization in some plant genotypes and decreasing it in others. Our results demonstrate the soil microbiome has complex effects on plant-endosymbiont interactions and may be critical for survival under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connor J. McFadden
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Steven T. Cassidy
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Corlett W. Wood
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260792. [PMID: 34932575 PMCID: PMC8691637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatric Littorina (Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species, L. littorea, from the sister subgenus Littorina (Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the genera Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Psychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the six Littorina spp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.
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Next-generation microbial drugs developed from microbiome's natural products. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:341-382. [PMID: 34844715 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientists working in natural products chemistry have been enticed by the current advancements being made in the discovery of novel "magic bullets" from microbes homed to all conceivable environments. Even though researchers continue to face challenges funneling the novel bioactive compounds in the global therapeutic industries, it seems most likely that the discovery of some "hit molecules" with significant biomedical applications is not that far. We applaud novel natural products for their ability to combat the spread of superbugs and aid in the prevention of currently observed antibiotic resistance. This in-depth investigation covers a wide range of microbiomes with a proclivity for synthesizing novel compounds to combat the spread of superbugs. Furthermore, we use this opportunity to explore various groups of secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways in various microbiota found in mammals, insects, and humans. This systematic study, when taken as a whole, offers detail understanding on the biomedical fate of various groups of compounds originated from diverse microbiomes. For gathering all information that has been uncovered and released so far, we have also presented the huge diversity of microbes that are associated with humans and their metabolic products. To conclude, this concrete review suggests novel ideas that will prove immensely helpful in reducing the danger posed by superbugs while also improving the efficacy of antibiotics.
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40
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Lin D, Zheng X, Sanogo B, Ding T, Sun X, Wu Z. Bacterial composition of midgut and entire body of laboratory colonies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Southern China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:586. [PMID: 34838108 PMCID: PMC8626967 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are invasive mosquito species and significantly impact human health in southern China. Microbiota are confirmed to affect the development and immunity of mosquitoes. However, scientists have focused more on midgut microbiota of female mosquitoes and bacterial differences between female and male Aedes mosquitoes. The relationship between the midgut and entire body microbiota of Aedes is unclear. In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. METHODS In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS A total of 341 OTUs were identified, showing that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and Methylobacterium the dominant genus in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The bacterial diversity and community structures of the entire bodies were similar between males and females in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Conversely, the bacterial compositions of male and female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were significantly different. NMDS analysis, UPGMA analysis, diversity indices and OTU distribution demonstrated that compositions and structures in midgut microbiota were similar but significantly different in the entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Functional prediction analysis showed that metabolism and environmental information processing were the dominant KEGG pathways at level 1. Our study showed that there were significantly different level 2 and 3 KEGG pathways in the midgut microbiota (16 level 2 and 24 level 3) and the entire bodies (33 level 2 and 248 level 3) between female Aedes albopictus and Aedes Aegypti. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus reared in the same laboratory harbor a similar gut bacterial microbiome but different entire body microbiota imply that the gut microbiota of adult mosquitoes is environmentally determined regardless of the host genotype, but the entire body microbiota is more genetically determined. Our findings improved the understanding of the microbiota in the entire and partial tissues of Aedes mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjamin Sanogo
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Singh S, Singh A, Baweja V, Roy A, Chakraborty A, Singh IK. Molecular Rationale of Insect-Microbes Symbiosis-From Insect Behaviour to Mechanism. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122422. [PMID: 34946024 PMCID: PMC8707026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects nurture a panoply of microbial populations that are often obligatory and exist mutually with their hosts. Symbionts not only impact their host fitness but also shape the trajectory of their phenotype. This co-constructed niche successfully evolved long in the past to mark advanced ecological specialization. The resident microbes regulate insect nutrition by controlling their host plant specialization and immunity. It enhances the host fitness and performance by detoxifying toxins secreted by the predators and abstains them. The profound effect of a microbial population on insect physiology and behaviour is exploited to understand the host–microbial system in diverse taxa. Emergent research of insect-associated microbes has revealed their potential to modulate insect brain functions and, ultimately, control their behaviours, including social interactions. The revelation of the gut microbiota–brain axis has now unravelled insects as a cost-effective potential model to study neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural dysfunctions in humans. This article reviewed our knowledge about the insect–microbial system, an exquisite network of interactions operating between insects and microbes, its mechanistic insight that holds intricate multi-organismal systems in harmony, and its future perspectives. The demystification of molecular networks governing insect–microbial symbiosis will reveal the perplexing behaviours of insects that could be utilized in managing insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India;
| | - Varsha Baweja
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; (S.S.); (V.B.)
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.K.S.)
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Borges AR, Link F, Engstler M, Jones NG. The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor: A Linchpin for Cell Surface Versatility of Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720536. [PMID: 34790656 PMCID: PMC8591177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to anchor proteins to the cell surface is widespread among eukaryotes. The GPI-anchor is covalently attached to the C-terminus of a protein and mediates the protein’s attachment to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer. GPI-anchored proteins have a wide range of functions, including acting as receptors, transporters, and adhesion molecules. In unicellular eukaryotic parasites, abundantly expressed GPI-anchored proteins are major virulence factors, which support infection and survival within distinct host environments. While, for example, the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) is the major component of the cell surface of the bloodstream form of African trypanosomes, procyclin is the most abundant protein of the procyclic form which is found in the invertebrate host, the tsetse fly vector. Trypanosoma cruzi, on the other hand, expresses a variety of GPI-anchored molecules on their cell surface, such as mucins, that interact with their hosts. The latter is also true for Leishmania, which use GPI anchors to display, amongst others, lipophosphoglycans on their surface. Clearly, GPI-anchoring is a common feature in trypanosomatids and the fact that it has been maintained throughout eukaryote evolution indicates its adaptive value. Here, we explore and discuss GPI anchors as universal evolutionary building blocks that support the great variety of surface molecules of trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Borges
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Link
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Engstler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicola G Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Acevedo TS, Fricker GP, Garcia JR, Alcaide T, Berasategui A, Stoy KS, Gerardo NM. The Importance of Environmentally Acquired Bacterial Symbionts for the Squash Bug ( Anasa tristis), a Significant Agricultural Pest. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719112. [PMID: 34671328 PMCID: PMC8521078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most insects maintain associations with microbes that shape their ecology and evolution. Such symbioses have important applied implications when the associated insects are pests or vectors of disease. The squash bug, Anasa tristis (Coreoidea: Coreidae), is a significant pest of human agriculture in its own right and also causes damage to crops due to its capacity to transmit a bacterial plant pathogen. Here, we demonstrate that complete understanding of these insects requires consideration of their association with bacterial symbionts in the family Burkholderiaceae. Isolation and sequencing of bacteria housed in the insects’ midgut crypts indicates that these bacteria are consistent and dominant members of the crypt-associated bacterial communities. These symbionts are closely related to Caballeronia spp. associated with other true bugs in the superfamilies Lygaeoidea and Coreoidea. Fitness assays with representative Burkholderiaceae strains indicate that the association can significantly increase survival and decrease development time, though strains do vary in the benefits that they confer to their hosts, with Caballeronia spp. providing the greatest benefit. Experiments designed to assess transmission mode indicate that, unlike many other beneficial insect symbionts, the bacteria are not acquired from parents before or after hatching but are instead acquired from the environment after molting to a later developmental stage. The bacteria do, however, have the capacity to escape adults to be transmitted to later generations, leaving the possibility for a combination of indirect vertical and horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik S Acevedo
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Justine R Garcia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, United States
| | - Tiffanie Alcaide
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Kayla S Stoy
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole M Gerardo
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Competitive exclusion of phytopathogenic Serratia marcescens from squash bug vectors by the gut endosymbiont Caballeronia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0155021. [PMID: 34669447 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01550-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects harbor microbial symbiotic partners that offer protection against pathogens, parasitoids, and other natural enemies. Mounting evidence suggests that these symbiotic microbes can play key roles in determining infection outcomes in insect vectors, making them important players in the quest to develop novel vector control strategies. Using the squash bug Anasa tristis, we investigated how the presence of Caballeronia symbionts affected the persistence and intensity of phytopathogenic Serratia marcescens within the insect vector. We reared insects aposymbiotically and with different Caballeronia isolates, infected them with S. marcescens, then sampled the insects periodically to assess the intensity and persistence of pathogen infection. Squash bugs harboring Caballeronia consistently had much lower-intensity infections and cleared S. marcescens significantly faster than their aposymbiotic counterparts. These patterns held even when we reversed the timing of exposure to symbiont and pathogen. Taken together, these results indicate that Caballeronia symbionts play an essential role in S. marcescens infection outcomes in squash bugs and could be used to alter vector competence to enhance agricultural productivity in the future. Importance Insect-microbe symbioses have repeatedly been shown to profoundly impact an insect's ability to vector pathogens to other hosts. The use of symbiotic microbes to control insect vector populations is of growing interest in agricultural settings. Our study examines how symbiotic microbes affect the dynamics of a plant pathogen infection within the squash bug vector Anasa tristis-a well-documented pest of squash and other cucurbit plants and vector of Serratia marcescens, causative agent of Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease. We provide evidence that the symbiont Caballeronia prevents successful, long-term establishment of S. marcescens in the squash bug. These findings give us insight into symbiont-pathogen dynamics within the squash bug that could ultimately determine its ability to transmit pathogens and be leveraged to interrupt disease transmission in this system.
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Batista KKS, Vieira CS, Figueiredo MB, Costa-Latgé SG, Azambuja P, Genta FA, Castro DP. Influence of Serratia marcescens and Rhodococcus rhodnii on the Humoral Immunity of Rhodnius prolixus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010901. [PMID: 34681561 PMCID: PMC8536199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a human infectious disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and can be transmitted by triatomine vectors, such as Rhodnius prolixus. One limiting factor for T. cruzi development is the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota in the triatomine. Herein, we analyzed the humoral immune responses of R. prolixus nymphs treated with antibiotics and subsequently recolonized with either Serratia marcescens or Rhodococcus rhodnii. The treatment with antibiotics reduced the bacterial load in the digestive tract, and the recolonization with each bacterium was successfully detected seven days after treatment. The antibiotic-treated insects, recolonized with S. marcescens, presented reduced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph, and lower nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and higher defensin C gene (DefC) gene expression in the fat body. These insects also presented a higher expression of DefC, lower prolixicin (Prol), and lower NOS levels in the anterior midgut. However, the antibiotic-treated insects recolonized with R. rhodnii had increased antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and lower activity against S. aureus, higher phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph, and lower NOS expression in the fat body. In the anterior midgut, these insects presented higher NOS, defensin A (DefA) and DefC expression, and lower Prol expression. The R. prolixus immune modulation by these two bacteria was observed not only in the midgut, but also systemically in the fat body, and may be crucial for the development and transmission of the parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate K. S. Batista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (K.K.S.B.); (C.S.V.); (S.G.C.-L.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Cecília S. Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (K.K.S.B.); (C.S.V.); (S.G.C.-L.); (F.A.G.)
| | | | - Samara G. Costa-Latgé
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (K.K.S.B.); (C.S.V.); (S.G.C.-L.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Patrícia Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, Brazil;
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (K.K.S.B.); (C.S.V.); (S.G.C.-L.); (F.A.G.)
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Daniele P. Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (K.K.S.B.); (C.S.V.); (S.G.C.-L.); (F.A.G.)
- Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3865-8184
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Hamilton PT, Maluenda E, Sarr A, Belli A, Hurry G, Duron O, Plantard O, Voordouw MJ. Borrelia afzelii Infection in the Rodent Host Has Dramatic Effects on the Bacterial Microbiome of Ixodes ricinus Ticks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0064121. [PMID: 34191531 PMCID: PMC8388833 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00641-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of blood-sucking arthropods can shape their competence to acquire and maintain infections with vector-borne pathogens. We used a controlled study to investigate the interactions between Borrelia afzelii, which causes Lyme borreliosis in Europe, and the bacterial microbiome of Ixodes ricinus, its primary tick vector. We applied a surface sterilization treatment to I. ricinus eggs to produce dysbiosed tick larvae that had a low bacterial abundance and a changed bacterial microbiome compared to those of the control larvae. Dysbiosed and control larvae fed on B. afzelii-infected mice and uninfected control mice, and the engorged larvae were left to molt into nymphs. The nymphs were tested for B. afzelii infection, and their bacterial microbiome underwent 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Surprisingly, larval dysbiosis had no effect on the vector competence of I. ricinus for B. afzelii, as the nymphal infection prevalence and the nymphal spirochete load were the same between the dysbiosed group and the control group. The strong effect of egg surface sterilization on the tick bacterial microbiome largely disappeared once the larvae molted into nymphs. The most important determinant of the bacterial microbiome of I. ricinus nymphs was the B. afzelii infection status of the mouse on which the nymphs had fed as larvae. Nymphs that had taken their larval blood meal from an infected mouse had a less abundant but more diverse bacterial microbiome than the control nymphs. Our study demonstrates that vector-borne infections in the vertebrate host shape the microbiome of the arthropod vector. IMPORTANCE Many blood-sucking arthropods transmit pathogens that cause infectious disease. For example, Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit the bacterium Borrelia afzelii, which causes Lyme disease in humans. Ticks also have a microbiome, which can influence their ability to acquire and transmit tick-borne pathogens such as B. afzelii. We sterilized I. ricinus eggs with bleach, and the tick larvae that hatched from these eggs had a dramatically reduced and changed bacterial microbiome compared to that of control larvae. These larvae fed on B. afzelii-infected mice, and the resultant nymphs were tested for B. afzelii and for their bacterial microbiome. We found that our manipulation of the bacterial microbiome had no effect on the ability of the tick larvae to acquire and maintain populations of B. afzelii. In contrast, we found that B. afzelii infection had dramatic effects on the bacterial microbiome of I. ricinus nymphs. Our study demonstrates that infections in the vertebrate host can shape the tick microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Maluenda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anouk Sarr
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Belli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Hurry
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olivier Duron
- Centre of Research in Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES), Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), Université Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maarten J. Voordouw
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Henry LP, Bruijning M, Forsberg SKG, Ayroles JF. The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5141. [PMID: 34446709 PMCID: PMC8390463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities of host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which the microbiome may affect host evolutionary potential: by shifting the mean host phenotype and by changing the variance in host phenotype in the population. We synthesize the literature across diverse taxa and discuss how these scenarios could shape the host response to selection. We conclude by outlining key avenues of research to improve our understanding of the complex interplay between hosts and microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. Henry
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Marjolein Bruijning
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Simon K. G. Forsberg
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
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Yaméogo KB, Yerbanga RS, Ouattara SB, Yao FA, Lefèvre T, Zongo I, Nikièma F, Compaoré YD, Tinto H, Chandramohan D, Greenwood B, Belem AMG, Cohuet A, Ouédraogo JB. Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on Plasmodium falciparum transmission: gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness. Malar J 2021; 20:326. [PMID: 34315475 PMCID: PMC8314489 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) + amodiaquine (AQ) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. Whether the addition of azithromycin (AZ) to SMC could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The effect of SMC and the addition of AZ, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated. Methods The study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the SMC + AZ trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. For each participant in the SMC + AZ trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to An. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay. Results The SMC treatment, with or without AZ, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum (LRT X22 = 69, P < 0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence (LRT X22 = 54, P < 0.0001). In addition, the proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X22 = 61, P < 0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes (LRT X22 = 22.8, P < 0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. The addition of AZ to SPAQ was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds (LRT X21 = 5.2, P = 0.02), suggesting a significant effect of AZ on gametocyte infectivity. There was a slight negative effect of SPAQ and SPAQ + AZ on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children (LRTX22 = 330, P < 0.0001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that SMC may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of P. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. The addition of AZ to SPAQ in SMC appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudraogo Bienvenue Yaméogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences et Techniques (INSTech Bobo), BP2779, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Franck A Yao
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie et Évolution de la Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Issaka Zongo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Frederic Nikièma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean Bosco Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut des Sciences et Techniques (INSTech Bobo), BP2779, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Parker-Crockett C, Connelly CR, Siegfried B, Alto B. Influence of Pyrethroid Resistance on Vector Competency for Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1908-1916. [PMID: 33724374 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vector competence of mosquitoes for pathogens has been shown to be influenced by the status of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. However, to date, only two studies has explored the impact of insecticide resistance on arbovirus transmission. The global and widespread use of pyrethroids has led to the development of insecticide resistance in many mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary vector of Zika virus. Strains of Ae. aegypti that were genetically similar, but responded differently to pyrethroid exposure, were developed using backcrossing techniques. These populations were orally infected with Zika virus and susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection, and transmission potential were evaluated. Analyses revealed differences in susceptibility to infection and disseminated infection between the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti during the infection period. Here, we identify an additional challenge to that of widespread pyrethroid resistance. Specifically, resistance is associated with altered phenotypic traits that influence susceptibility to arbovirus infection and progression of infection in the mosquito, factors which ultimately influence risk of arbovirus transmission. These findings support the need to 1) consider insecticide resistance status during times of arbovirus transmission and 2) to implement insecticide resistance management/ mitigation strategies in vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Parker-Crockett
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Blair Siegfried
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Alto
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
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50
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Kee SL, Tan MJT. Friend, Not Foe: Unveiling Vector-Bacteria Symbiosis and Its Utility as an Arboviral Intervention Strategy in the Philippines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:650277. [PMID: 34268130 PMCID: PMC8275988 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.650277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaira Limson Kee
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
| | - Myles Joshua Toledo Tan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod, Philippines
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