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Lago-Ballesteros J, García-Pascual M, González-Valeiro MÁ, Fernández-Villarino MÁ. Gender Influences on Physical Activity Awareness of Adolescents and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5707. [PMID: 34073409 PMCID: PMC8198382 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The imbalances between the actual physical activity (PA) of adolescents and the subjective perception both they and their parents have in this regard can play an important role in perpetuating inactive lifestyles. The aim of this study is to analyse these discrepancies by considering gender as a conditioning factor. The participants in the study were 1697 adolescents, 1244 mothers and 1052 fathers in the educational communities of 26 secondary schools located in urban environments of the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain). With regard to actual physical activity, a high prevalence of sedentarism (82.1%) was revealed, this being even more acute in girls (87.8%). However, the perceived levels of activity differed significantly from the actual ones with a clear general overestimation both by the adolescents and their parents. When further exploring the data, gender influences were also detected both in adolescent and parental perceptions, since the high rates of overestimation in sedentary individuals were lower in girls and, on the contrary, the low rates of underestimation in active individuals were higher in girls. Moreover, although the level of agreement between actual and perceived physical activity was low overall, with Cohen's kappa values ranging from 0.006 to 0.047, the lowest values were observed in the case of girls. In conclusion, both the adolescents and their parents were incapable of correctly assessing the actual physical activity of the former, so it seems that the general population lacks knowledge about the amount of physical activity that adolescents need to do to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Consequently, it would be advisable to implement health education campaigns and awareness-raising interventions directed to young people as well as to their parents and, in doing so, gender must be considered by establishing distinct program designs in terms of this variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Lago-Ballesteros
- Department of Applied Didactics, Faculty of Teacher Training, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marcos García-Pascual
- Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 36004 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Valeiro
- Departent of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - María Á. Fernández-Villarino
- Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 36004 Pontevedra, Spain;
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Bronikowska M, Krzysztoszek J, Łopatka M, Ludwiczak M, Pluta B. Comparison of Physical Activity Levels in Youths before and during a Pandemic Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105139. [PMID: 34066200 PMCID: PMC8151114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare physical activity (PA) levels before and during a pandemic lockdown among adolescent Polish youths in relation to meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and identify potential environmental factors that may affect these levels. An online survey tool that included validated measures of adolescents’ MVPA and socio-environmental, potential confounders was administered to youths (e.g., lack of classmates, motivation, possibility of choosing any physical exercise time, possibility of choosing your own exercises, home environment). The analytic sample comprised 127 adolescents aged 15.4 ± 0.5 years on average (52% girls and 48% boys). The results highlight that among adolescents who did not meet the WHO MVPA recommendations before the lockdown, 13.4% had an increased frequency of PA (from 2.9 to 5.4 day/week) (p = 0.01) during the lockdown. In the group who did meet these recommendations before the lockdown, 50% significantly decreased their level of MVPA below the WHO’s recommendations (p = 0.01). Self-rated health for PA showed a significantly strong correlation with MVPA in the group of students who met the WHO recommendations before the pandemic (r = 0.76; p < 0.05) but failed to maintain that recommendation during the COVID-19 restriction. The results suggest a negative impact of the pandemic on PA undertaken by youths. Based on these results we see the need for increased action by both Physical Education (PE) teachers and parents to motivate and support youngsters in taking up systematic PA consciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bronikowska
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jana Krzysztoszek
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.K.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Marlena Łopatka
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.K.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Mateusz Ludwiczak
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
| | - Beata Pluta
- Department of Recreation, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (M.L.); (B.P.)
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Lee EY, Bains A, Hunter S, Ament A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Carson V, Hakimi S, Huang WY, Janssen I, Lee M, Lim H, Silva DAS, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:41. [PMID: 33736668 PMCID: PMC7972019 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the myriad of benefits of children's outdoor play and time, there is increasing concern over its decline. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the correlates of outdoor play and outdoor time among children aged 3-12 years. METHODS A total of 12 electronic databases in five different languages (Chinese, English, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese) were searched between October 28, 2019 and July 27, 2020. Covidence software was used for screening and Microsoft Excel with a predesigned coding form was used for data extraction. Evidence was synthesized and correlates were categorized using the socioecological model framework. RESULTS Based on 107 studies representing 188,498 participants and 422 childcare centers from 29 countries, 85 studies examined potential correlates of outdoor play while 23 studies examined that of outdoor time (one examined both). The duration of outdoor play and outdoor time ranged between 60 and 165 min/d and 42-240 min/d, respectively. Out of 287 (outdoor play) and 61 (outdoor time) potential correlates examined, 111 correlates for outdoor play and 33 correlates for outdoor time were identified as significant correlates. Thirty-three variables were identified as key/common correlates of outdoor play/time, including eight correlates at the individual level (e.g., sex/gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity), 10 correlates at the parental level (e.g., parental attitude/support/behavior, parenting practice), nine at the microsystem level (e.g., proximal home/social environment such as residence type, peer influence), three at the macrosystem/community level (e.g., availability of space children can play), and three at the physical ecology/pressure for macrosystem change level (e.g., seasonality, rurality). No key correlates were found at the institutional level. CONCLUSIONS Individual, parental, and proximal physical (home) and social environments appear to play a role in children's outdoor play and time. Ecological factors (i.e., seasonality, rurality) also appear to be related to outdoor play/time. Evidence was either inconsistent or lacking at institutional and macrosystem/community levels. Standardizing terminology and measures of outdoor play/time is warranted. Future work should investigate the interactions and processes of multiple variables across different levels of socioecological modelling to better understand the mechanisms through which outdoor play/time opportunities can be optimized for children while paying special attention to varying conditions in which children are born, live, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- Department of Gender Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Ajaypal Bains
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alyssa Ament
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | | | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shawn Hakimi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Wendy Y. Huang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Mikyung Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Heejun Lim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | | | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Lifestyle and Obesity (HALO) research group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Gjaka M, Feka K, Bianco A, Tishukaj F, Giustino V, Parroco AM, Palma A, Battaglia G. The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behaviour in a Relatively Young Population Living in Kosovo. J Clin Med 2021; 10:763. [PMID: 33672837 PMCID: PMC7918337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To abate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, different restriction measures were imperative, limiting the possibility to be engaged in physical activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity (PA) levels expressed as energy expenditure (MET-min/week) and sedentary behaviour in Kosovo. The possible association between PA levels and other factors was analyzed. 1633 participants (age range: 13 to 63 years; mean: 24.70 ± 9.33 years; body height: 172 ± 10.57 cm; body mass: 69.10 ± 13.80 kg; BMI: 23.09 ± 3.63 kg/m2) participated in the study, categorized by age, gender, BMI, and living area. An online survey, including an adapted version of the IPAQ-SF, was administered once during lockdown to assess PA levels and sedentary behaviour both before and during COVID-19 lockdown. The Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis rank of sum tests were used for statistical analysis. COVID-19 restrictions had a negative impact on the types of and overall PA levels MET-min/week (p < 0.001). Sedentary behaviour significantly increased during COVID-19 restrictions (p < 0.001). Higher decreases in MET-min/week during lockdown were observed among males, young and young adults, overweight, and urban-living participants. Finally, COVID-19 restrictions decreased the PA levels and MET-min/week, and increased sedentary behaviour also in a relatively young cohort. Such differences were dependent on several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masar Gjaka
- Department of Sport and Movement Science, University for Business and Technology, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo;
| | - Kaltrina Feka
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Faton Tishukaj
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Pristina, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo;
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Parroco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Sicily, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (K.F.); (A.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.P.); (A.P.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sports School of CONI Sicilia, 90141 Sicily, Italy
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5
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Amiri P, Naseri P, Vahedi-Notash G, Jalali-Farahani S, Mehrabi Y, Hamzavi-Zarghani N, Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Khalili D. Trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas during 2006-2011. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21318. [PMID: 33288806 PMCID: PMC7721745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that physical inactivity is related to weight gain and a whole host of chronic diseases. This study investigated trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents in urban and rural areas between 2006-2011. A total of 12,178 adolescents, aged between 15 and 19 years, participated in National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. Data on physical activity was obtained using the global physical activity questionnaire. A complex sample survey and multinomial logistic regression were used to model physical activity levels. The percentage of adolescents who had low levels of physical activity increased from 2006 to 2011 in both urban and rural areas. Low and moderate levels of physical activity were lower in rural girls as compared with urban girls, with a prevalence ratio of 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.74) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.74), respectively. The corresponding values for boys residing in rural areas compared with boys in urban areas were 0.56 (95% CI 0.43-0.75) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.48-0.74), respectively. The adolescents' lifestyles showed an increasing trend for physical inactivity in both genders; however, in rural areas, only girls had a rising affinity for a sedentary lifestyle throughout the 2006-2011 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Naseri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Golnaz Vahedi-Notash
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Najmeh Hamzavi-Zarghani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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6
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Levels and Changes of Physical Activity in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextualizing Urban vs. Rural Living Environment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing implemented shortly after influence physical activity levels (PALs). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in PAL and factors associated with PALs among Croatian adolescents while considering the impact of community (urban vs. rural living environment). The sample included 823 adolescents (mean age: 16.5 ± 2.1 years) who were tested on baseline (from October 2019 to March 2020; before COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia) and follow-up (in April 2020; during the COVID-19 pandemic and imposed rules of social distancing). Baseline testing included anthropometrics, physical fitness status, and evaluation of PALs, while follow-up included only PALs (evaluated by a standardized questionnaire through an internet application). The results showed a significant influence of the living environment on the decrease of PAL, with a larger decrease in urban adolescents. Logistic regression showed a higher likelihood for normal PALs at baseline in adolescents who had better fitness status, with no strong confounding effect of the urban/rural environment. The fitness status of urban adolescents predicted their PALs at follow-up. The differences between urban and rural adolescents with regard to the established changes in PALs and relationships between the predictors and PALs are explained by the characteristics of the living communities (lack of organized sports in rural areas), and the level of social distancing in the studied period and region/country.
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7
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Grassi T, Bagordo F, Panico A, De Giorgi M, Idolo A, Serio F, Tumolo MR, De Donno A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet of children living in small Southern Italian villages. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:490-499. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1679725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mattia De Giorgi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council (IRPPS-CNR), Brindisi, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Bogl LH, Mehlig K, Intemann T, Masip G, Keski-Rahkonen A, Russo P, Michels N, Reisch L, Pala V, Johnson L, Molnár D, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Moreno L, Ahrens W, Lissner L, Kaprio J, Hebestreit A. A within-sibling pair analysis of lifestyle behaviours and BMI z-score in the multi-centre I.Family study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:580-589. [PMID: 30952577 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS By investigating differences in lifestyle behaviours and BMI in sibling pairs, family-level confounding is minimized and causal inference is improved, compared to cross-sectional studies of unrelated children. Thus, we aimed to investigate within-sibling pair differences in different lifestyle behaviours and differences in BMI z-scores in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined three groups of sibling pairs 1) all same-sex sibling pairs with maximum 4 years age difference (n = 1209 pairs from 1072 families in 8 countries, mean age 10.7 years, standard deviation 2.4 years), 2) sibling pairs discordant for overweight (n = 262) and 3) twin pairs (n = 85). Usual dietary intake was estimated by 24-h recalls and time spent in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured by accelerometers. Screen time, sleep and dieting for weight loss were assessed by questionnaires. Within all 3 groups of sibling pairs, more time in MVPA was associated with lower BMI z-score. Higher energy intake was associated with higher BMI z-score within twin pairs and within all sibling pairs who were not currently dieting for weight loss. Regarding LPA, screen time or sleep duration, no or inconsistent associations were observed for the three groups of sibling pairs. CONCLUSIONS MVPA and energy intake were associated with BMI differences within sibling and twin pairs growing up in the same home, thus independent of family-level confounding factors. Future studies should explore whether genetic variants regulating appetite or energy expenditure behaviours account for weight differences in sibling pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Bogl
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - K Mehlig
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - T Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - G Masip
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Keski-Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - P Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - N Michels
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - L Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Department of Management, Society and Communication, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - V Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori - Milan, Italy.
| | - L Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - M Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus.
| | - T Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - L Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - W Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - L Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - J Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
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9
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Amiri P, Vahedi-Notash G, Naseri P, Khalili D, Hashemi Nazari SS, Mehrabi Y, Mahdavi Hazaveh AR, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. National trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas (2007-2011). Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 30922399 PMCID: PMC6439987 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current nationwide study, for the first time, aimed to assess and compare the trend of pre-hypertension and hypertension among urban and rural adolescents in Iran. Methods This study has been conducted in the framework of the National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. To estimate pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence among 9715 adolescents, aged 15–19 years, data collected in four repeated cross-sectional surveys (2007–2011) has been used. The prevalence trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension were examined across urban and rural areas of Iran. To calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension and hypertension over cycles across area of residence and genders, a complex sample survey and multinomial logistic analysis were performed. Results Using the definition of pre-hypertension and hypertension presented by the seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-VII) for adolescents, after adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of pre-hypertension changed in both urban (boys:28.96% to 29.24% and girls:18.33% to 20.06%) and rural (boys 31.58% to 32.05% and girls 22.25% to 24.13%) areas over the study duration. Non-significant rising prevalence of hypertension was also observed in boys and girls of both regions (urban 12.76% to 15.04% and 8.02% to 9.06%; rural 9.95% to 11.79% and 10.35% to 11.60%, for boys and girls respectively). The adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension (2.16; 95% CI 1.68–2.79 and 1.92, 95% CI 1.57–2.34, in urban and rural, respectively) and hypertension (2.40; 95% CI 1.65–3.51 and 1.82, 95% CI 1.36–2.45, in urban and rural, respectively) were higher in boys than girls. Comparing the adjusted PRs of pre-hypertension and hypertension in urban versus rural areas, in both genders, showed higher PRs of pre-hypertension in rural girls (1.33, 95% CI 1.01–1.75). Conclusion The current results showed high constant trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Iranian boys and girls, residing in both urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vahedi-Notash
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Naseri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mahdavi Hazaveh
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Eigenschenk B, Thomann A, McClure M, Davies L, Gregory M, Dettweiler U, Inglés E. Benefits of Outdoor Sports for Society. A Systematic Literature Review and Reflections on Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060937. [PMID: 30875938 PMCID: PMC6466442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The combination of physical activity and being in nature is recognized as providing a range of significant benefits. The objective of this literature review was to compile an overview of the social benefits and costs associated with outdoor sports within the academic literature and to reflect on the quality of underlying evidence that supports the relationship. A systematic review was carried out with seven partners from different European countries, including Bulgaria, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. From a total of 17,560 studies identified, 133 studies were selected with relevant data extracted to standardized forms. The selected studies have been analyzed with qualitative research methods. A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and outcome measures. As a result, the review gives an overview of the social impacts associated with outdoor sports which have been clustered to six broad categories: physical health, mental health and wellbeing, education and lifelong learning, active citizenship, crime reduction, and anti-social behavior, as well as additional benefits. The review furthermore revealed gaps in the evidence base which are especially notable in the long-term effects that outdoor sports can have on personal and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eigenschenk
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 München, Germany.
| | - Andreas Thomann
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 München, Germany.
| | - Mike McClure
- Sport Northern Ireland, c/o Tollymore National Outdoor Centre, 32 Hilltown Road, Bryansford, Newcastle BT33 0PZ, UK.
| | - Larissa Davies
- Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Maxine Gregory
- Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Ulrich Dettweiler
- Universitetet i Stavanger, Kjell Arholms gate 41, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Eduard Inglés
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Av. Estadi 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Manferdelli G, La Torre A, Codella R. Outdoor physical activity bears multiple benefits to health and society. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:868-879. [PMID: 30650943 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutting-edge technologies and the rapid urbanization have led to several advantages for mankind and society. However such benefits have been accompanied with the alarming diffusion of sedentary lifestyle disorders, metabolic diseases, major depression and socialization problems, affecting global economy dramatically. The pandemic expansion of chronic diseases is associated with physical inactivity. During the last decade, numerous cities and organizations worldwide have started to adopt strategies aimed at improving outdoor physical activity levels in city residents. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review focusing on the effects of regular outdoor sports and physical activities across all ages was conducted through multiple databases, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Performing outdoor sports and physical activities may bear social, psychological and physiological benefits. Preventive effects are similarly documented in youth and seniors towards several morbid conditions: vitamin D deficiency, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis and myopia. CONCLUSIONS Giving the beneficial effects of outdoor sports and physical activities, promotion strategies should be strongly advocated and developed nationally and globally. Likewise, dedicated research areas should inspire guidelines for the promotion of various outdoor activities - a good practice for the social scenario and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Manferdelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, School of Exercise Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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12
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Sila S, Pavić AM, Hojsak I, Ilić A, Pavić I, Kolaček S. Comparison of Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Intake in School-Aged Children Living in Rural and Urban Area of Croatia. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:282-287. [PMID: 30675456 PMCID: PMC6342539 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the differences in nutritional status and dietary intakes in 12~17 year-old children living in urban (Zagreb) and the rural (Sinj and Drniš) area of Croatia. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. For each participant, body weight and body height were measured and bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate the body fat percentage. There was an overall of 310 children included: 105 (33.9%) from urban area and 205 (66.1%) from rural area; 191 (61.6%) were female with a mean age 14.9 (range 12~17) years. When adjusted for age and gender, there was no statistically significant difference in body mass index for age Z-scores between urban and rural parts (0.23±0.07 vs. 0.30±1.15; P=0.650) or in average daily energy intake (2,479.2±1,111.2 kcal vs. 2,338.2±920.2 kcal; P=0.702). There was a statistically significant difference in nutritional status between genders, with a higher percentage of boys being overweight or obese compared to girls. When combined, 'Fast food' and 'Snacks' were major contributors to the total energy intake for both areas. The mean contribution of 'Fast food' to total energy intake was significantly higher in the urban area. The prevalence of obesity among Croatian children is high and unrelated to the urban/rural setting, which could be partially explained by the high intake of 'Fast food' and 'Snacks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sila
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
| | | | - Iva Hojsak
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000,
Croatia
| | - Ana Ilić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavić
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
| | - Sanja Kolaček
- Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000,
Croatia
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13
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Safiri S, Hajizadeh N, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Asayesh H, Mansourian M. Socioeconomic inequality in childhood obesity and its determinants: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:131-139. [PMID: 28822712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity has become a priority health concern worldwide. Socioeconomic status is one of its main determinants. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality of obesity in children and adolescents at national and provincial levels in Iran. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012, as part of a national school-based surveillance program performed in 40,000 students, aged 6-18-years, from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Using principle component analysis, the socioeconomic status of participants was categorized to quintiles. Socioeconomic status inequality in excess weight was estimated by calculating the prevalence of excess weight (i.e., overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity) across the socioeconomic status quintiles, the concentration index, and slope index of inequality. The determinants of this inequality were determined by the Oaxaca Blinder decomposition. RESULTS Overall, 36,529 students completed the study (response rate: 91.32%); 50.79% of whom were boys and 74.23% were urban inhabitants. The mean (standard deviation) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The prevalence of overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.51%, 8.35%, and 17.87%, respectively. The SII for overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity was -0.1, -0.1 and -0.15, respectively. Concentration index for overweight, generalized obesity, and abdominal obesity was positive, which indicate inequality in favor of low socioeconomic status groups. Area of residence, family history of obesity, and age were the most contributing factors to the inequality of obesity prevalence observed between the highest and lowest socioeconomic status groups. CONCLUSION This study provides considerable information on the high prevalence of excess weight in families with higher socioeconomic status at national and provincial levels. These findings can be used for international comparisons and for healthcare policies, improving their programming by considering differences at provincial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Karaj, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy of Research and Technology, Development of Research & Technology Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hajizadeh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Qom University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Heshmat R, Djalalinia S, Sheidaei A, Safiri S, Hajizadeh N, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Asayesh H, Mansourian M. Socioeconomic inequality in childhood obesity and its determinants: a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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15
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Apouey BH. Child physical development in the UK: the imprint of time and socioeconomic status. Public Health 2016; 141:255-263. [PMID: 27932011 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social health inequalities remain a key policy challenge. The existing literature has not presented a synthetic view on the evolution of inequalities in physical development across childhood. We examine social disparities as children grow older using a range of different outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Population-based secondary data analysis. METHODS We employ longitudinal data on British children aged 9 months to 12 years from the Millennium Cohort Study (n = 13,811-18,987) and focus on multiple child physical measures: weight, body mass index (BMI), overweight, fat mass and waist circumference. RESULTS Higher family income is associated with lower BMI (for females), less body fat and a smaller likelihood of overweight (for both genders) on average throughout childhood. When income is multiplied by 3, the probability of overweight decreases by 2.8 (95% CI -0.041 to -0.016) percentage points for females and by 2.7 (95% CI -0.038 to -0.016) percentage points for males. Social inequalities in weight, BMI, overweight and body fat significantly widen as children grow older, for both genders. For instance, for females, when income is multiplied by 3, the probability of overweight decreases by 1.6 (95% CI -0.032 to -0.000) percentage points at ages 2-3 years, but by 8.6 (95% CI -0.112 to -0.060) percentage points at ages 10-12 years. CONCLUSIONS The trajectory of social inequalities, which may reflect the cumulative effect of family socioeconomic status, is a precursor of inequalities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Apouey
- Paris School of Economics - CNRS, France
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16
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Association between parental socio-economic status and childhood weight status and the role of urbanicity. Public Health 2016; 139:209-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Shashaj B, Graziani MP, Contoli B, Ciuffo C, Cives C, Facciolini S, Rigoni ML, Spaterna S, Taucci M, Raponi M, Manco M. Energy Balance-Related Behaviors, Perinatal, Sociodemographic, and Parental Risk Factors Associated with Obesity in Italian Preschoolers. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:362-71. [PMID: 26933953 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity epidemic stems from the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors. Identifying age-specific risk factors in preschoolers may allow implementing more effective intervention strategies. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the association of overweight/obesity with several perinatal, parental, socioeconomic status (SES), and lifestyle-related risk factors in a large sample of Italian preschoolers. METHODS One thousand eleven children (age 2.0 to 5.7 years) were included in the study. Family pediatricians measured weight and height and collected information on obesity risk factors by means of questionnaires. Perinatal risk factors were recalled from electronic medical records. Weight status was defined according to cutoffs of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-four children (75.6%) were normal weight, and 247 (24.4%) were overweight/obese. Multivariate analysis showed that skipping breakfast (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-10.51), daily drinking of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.02-4.03), meat consumption <5 times/week (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.11-4.57), and formula feeding (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 0.8-4.5) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Though exclusive formula or mixed feeding represents an age-specific risk factor for overweight/obesity, lifestyle factors associated with increased risk in Italian preschoolers include habits that are common to school-age children, such as skipping breakfast and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The reduced consumption of meat emerged as a risk factor for overweight/obesity, but future research is required to better understand this relationship. Our data suggest, on the whole, that prevention of such unhealthy behaviors must be pursued in preschoolers by means of age-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Cives
- b Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri, FIMP , Rome , ITALY
| | | | - Maria L Rigoni
- b Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri, FIMP , Rome , ITALY
| | | | - Mauro Taucci
- b Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri, FIMP , Rome , ITALY
| | | | - Melania Manco
- a Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , ITALY
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18
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Family lifestyle and childhood obesity in an urban city of Northern Italy. Eat Weight Disord 2015; 20:363-70. [PMID: 25680634 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the last decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary school children has steadily increased worldwide. This phenomenon is also linked to food habits. The main purpose of our study was to understand the role that environmental factors may play in this context; in particular, we investigated how and to what extent family food habits and children lifestyle are associated with the spread of children obesity. METHODS One hundred and nine primary schools, with 6-11-year-old children (n = 14,500), were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Milan (Italy). Children anthropometric data were measured and reported by parents; citizenship, fruit and vegetable consumption data of both parents and children were collected. Time spent watching television and doing physical activity was also investigated in children. RESULTS The study revealed that children's vegetable (not fruit) consumption was positively associated with physical activity, while negatively associated with time watching TV; in particular, fewer hours spent watching television were a stronger protective factor than more hours spent doing physical activity. Moreover, the parental feeding style was associated with children's attitudes toward consumption of fruit and vegetable. Family characteristics (family size and level of parents' education) and children gender were associated to the risk of being overweight/obese. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the relevance of environmental factors in childhood food consumption and BMI distribution among children in an urban city. This is the reason why we stress the need to design ad hoc interventions, which should be developed in accordance with the socio-economic peculiarities of a cosmopolitan city suburb.
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Lee H, Kang HM, Ko YJ, Kim HS, Kim YJ, Bae WK, Park S, Cho B. Influence of urban neighbourhood environment on physical activity and obesity-related diseases. Public Health 2015. [PMID: 26198685 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of characteristics of neighbourhood environment on physical activity and obesity-related diseases is still the subject of debate. This study aimed to explore the impact of urban neighbourhood environment on physical activity and obesity-related diseases. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Individuals who participated in the 2009 national health-screening programme, submitted all necessary information, and had lived in Community 1 (Haengdang) or Community 2 (Ilsan) for at least 2 years (n = 16,178) were selected for inclusion in this study. Anthropometric measures were taken and physical activity was assessed using a short questionnaire. RESULTS No significant difference in the trigger factors for walking, including the amount of neighbourhood park space, number of shopping malls, and distance between the community and shopping malls, was found between the two communities. However, Community 2 had a better street environment than Community 1. Participants who lived in Community 2 were more physically active [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.48] and walked more regularly (adjusted OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17) than participants who lived in Community 1, and were less likely to have abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.91), hypertension (adjusted OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.97) and diabetes (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99). However, the risk of dyslipidaemia, especially in terms of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was higher in Community 2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a walkable environment has a positive influence on hypertension and diabetes, and physical activity is the possible mechanism for this association. A walkable environment may function as an important tool for health promotion in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-M Kang
- Department of Architecture and Graduate Programme of Urban Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Ko
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W K Bae
- Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Architecture and Graduate Programme of Urban Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Cho
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Promotion Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-270, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71 Ihwajang-Gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-810, Republic of Korea.
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Williams KD, Subedi J, Jha B, Blangero J, Williams-Blangero S, Towne B. Quantitative physical activity assessment of children and adolescents in a rural population from Eastern Nepal. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:129-37. [PMID: 26179444 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report cross-sectional, objectively measured physical activity data for 399 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. We evaluated physical activity of children and adolescents, considered time spent in each activity intensity category, and explored the impact of growth disruption (stunting and wasting) on physical activity patterns. METHODS Participants wore an Actical (Mini-Mitter, Bend, OR) omnidirectional accelerometer for one week as part of their annual visit to the Jiri Growth Study. The percentage of time spent in standard activity intensities were computed using standard metabolic equivalents (METS) cutpoints and compared by chronological age, sex, and school versus non-school days. RESULTS Primary findings include (1) children are more active on non-school days and adolescents are more active during the school week; (2) Jirel children do not exhibit the reduction in physical activity that most Western populations experience during the transition from childhood to adolescence; and (3) Jirel children and adolescents routinely meet the suggested one hour/day MVPA threshold; (4) Stunting is prevalent and factors leading to this growth disruption may contribute to the amount of time in sedentary or light physical activity. CONCLUSIONS We report child and adolescent physical activity patterns from the Jirel population of eastern Nepal. In this rural context, children and adolescents are more active than populations reported from Western contexts. This key finding has important biomedical implications for the maintenance of healthy body composition, skeletal health, and other health traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Williams
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Genomic and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janardan Subedi
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Bharat Jha
- Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center Regional Academic Health Center, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Bradford Towne
- Department of Community Health, Lifespan Health Research Center, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
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Contaldo F, Mazzarella G, Santarpia L, Marra M, Pasanisi F, Pizzuti R. Influence of urbanization on childhood obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:615-616. [PMID: 25921844 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Contaldo
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Regione Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - L Santarpia
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Marra
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pasanisi
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - R Pizzuti
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Regione Campania, Naples, Italy
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Do neighborhood characteristics in Amsterdam influence adiposity at preschool age? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5561-80. [PMID: 26006128 PMCID: PMC4454985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neighborhood characteristics may contribute to adiposity in young children, but results in the current literature are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate whether objective (socioeconomic status (SES)) and subjective (perceived safety, satisfaction with green spaces and perceived physical disorder) neighborhood characteristics directly influence child adiposity (as measured by BMI, percent body fat (%BF) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)). Methods: Data on child BMI, %BF and WHtR were obtained from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development cohort at 5–6 years of age. Three thousand four hundred and sixty nine (3469) children were included in the analyses. Mixed models, using random intercepts for postal code area to account for neighborhood clustering effects, were used to analyze the relationships of interest. Results: Associations were observed for both perceived safety and neighborhood SES with %BF after adjustment for maternal education and ethnicity. All relationships were eliminated with the inclusion of individual covariates and parental BMI into the models. Conclusions: In general, child adiposity at age 5–6 years was not independently associated with neighborhood characteristics, although a small relationship between child %BF and both neighborhood SES and perceived safety cannot be ruled out. At this young age, familial and individual factors probably play a more important role in influencing child adiposity than neighborhood characteristics.
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Escalante Y, Backx K, Saavedra JM. Relationship Between Break-Time Physical Activity, Age, and Sex in a Rural Primary Schools, Wales, UK. J Hum Kinet 2014; 40:227-34. [PMID: 25031690 PMCID: PMC4096091 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the physical activity during the break-times of primary school children in rural areas, and its relationship with age and sex. 380 children (192 boys and 188 girls; age=9.5±1.1 years) participated in the study. Break-time physical activity in the morning and lunch breaks was measured by accelerometry. An ANOVA was used to determine differences by sex in each age group, together with the respective confidence intervals and effect sizes. The results showed that 8-year-olds performed more physical exercise than 11-year-olds during the two breaks (p=0.005). For the boys, the 8-year-olds did more physical activity than the 10-year-olds, while, for the girls, those aged 8 and 9 years did more PA than girls aged 11 years (p<0.001). The only difference between boys and girls was for the 10-year-olds (p=0.043), with the boys doing more physical activity. Teachers might find it useful to take these findings into account to design physical activity programmes aimed at increasing the playground physical activity of older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Escalante
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Karianne Backx
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Saavedra
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, AFIDES Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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