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Gallardo LO, Esteban-Torres D, Rodríguez-Muñoz S, Moreno-Doña A, Abarca-Sos A. Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030238. [PMID: 36975263 PMCID: PMC10045662 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current scientific literature has shown significant disparity in results when physical activity is linked to academic achievement among adolescents. Thus, the main objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the relationship among students’ academic achievement, intention to be physically active, and physical activity levels depending on the country (Spain or Chile), as well as to analyze these relationships based on students’ socio-economic status, type of school, school year, gender, and body mass index; and (2) to analyze the differences between all these variables depending on the students’ country and gender. In total, 3052 adolescents participated in the research (14.58 ± 1.39 years): 734 Chilean students (336 males and 398 females) and 2318 Spanish students (1180 males and 1138 females). Various questionnaires were used to measure the study variables. The results revealed significant relationships between academic achievement and the rest of the variables in Spanish adolescents, but in the Chilean population, academic achievement was significantly related only to socio-economic status and the type of school. Moreover, Spanish students obtained higher scores, especially the males, except for academic achievement, which was higher in females. There were also significant differences in academic achievement, intention to be physically active, physical activity levels, and socio-economic status depending on the country, with all scores being higher in Spain. Given the results, the country seems to be an important factor when comparing academic achievement and physical activity levels, besides other demographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura O. Gallardo
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Diego Esteban-Torres
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Sheila Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Alberto Moreno-Doña
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Casa Central—Angamos, Viña del Mar 655, Chile
| | - Alberto Abarca-Sos
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, 44003 Teruel, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-978618101
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Ricardo LIC, Wendt A, Costa CDS, Mielke GI, Brazo-Sayavera J, Khan A, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Crochemore-Silva I. Gender inequalities in physical activity among adolescents from 64 Global South countries. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:509-520. [PMID: 35074485 PMCID: PMC9338337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to (a) describe gender inequalities in physical activity (PA) among adolescents from Global South countries, and (b) investigate the relationship between gender inequalities in PA and contextual factors, such as geographic region, human development index, gender inequality index, and unemployment rates. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in Global South countries between 2010 and 2020 among 13- to 17-year-old adolescents. Country-context variables were retrieved from secondary data sources (World Health Organization, World Bank, and Human Development Reports). PA was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire querying the number of days in the past week in which participants were physically active for a total of at least 60 min. PA absolute gender inequalities were evaluated by the differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using the bootstrap method. Relative inequalities were obtained through Poisson regression. Meta-analyses with random effects were used to calculate pooled estimates of absolute and relative inequalities. RESULTS Based on 64 Global South countries/surveys, the prevalence of PA was 6.7 percentage points (p.p.) higher in boys than in girls, ranging from 0.5 p.p. in Afghanistan to 15.6 p.p. in Laos (I2= 85.1%). The pooled ratio for all countries showed that boys presented a PA prevalence 1.58 times higher than girls (95%CI: 1.47-1.70) on average. The highest absolute and relative inequalities were observed in high income countries. Countries with higher Human Development Index rankings and lower Gender Inequality Index rankings also presented greater gender differences. CONCLUSION Given that girls are overall less active than boys across the globe, the findings of this study reinforce that macro- and micro-level changes should be actively sought if we aim to increase population levels of PA in adolescents and promote equity in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Wendt
- Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-040, Brazil
| | | | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Muzenda T, Kamkuemah M, Battersby J, Oni T. Assessing adolescent diet and physical activity behaviour, knowledge and awareness in low- and middle-income countries: a systematised review of quantitative epidemiological tools. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:975. [PMID: 35568826 PMCID: PMC9107740 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative epidemiological tools are routinely used to assess adolescent diet and physical activity (PA) constructs (behaviour, knowledge, and awareness) as risk factors for non-communicable diseases. This study sought to synthesize evidence on the quantitative epidemiological tools that have been used to assess adolescent diet and PA constructs in low to middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS A systematised review was conducted using 3 databases (EbscoHost, Scopus and Web of Science). RESULTS We identified 292 LMIC studies assessing adolescent diet and PA. Identified studies predominantly explored behavioural (90%) constructs with a paucity of studies investigating knowledge and awareness. The majority of studies used subjective (94%) and self-administered (78%) tools. Only 39% of LMIC studies used tools validated for their contexts. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for more contextual tools for assessing adolescent diet and PA in LMICs. Diet and PA measurement tools used in future research will need to incorporate measures of knowledge and awareness for a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of diet and PA in adolescents. Furthermore, there is a need for more evidence on the reliability and validity of these tools for use, in both cross sectional and longitudinal studies, in LMIC contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Muzenda
- Global Diet and Physical Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Monika Kamkuemah
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jane Battersby
- African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
| | - Tolu Oni
- Global Diet and Physical Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
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Determinants of neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality in Afghanistan using frailty models. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:991-1000. [PMID: 33879851 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afghanistan has one of the highest under-five mortality rates in South Asia, 70.4 per 1000 live births. Determinants need to be identified to reduce this rate. Knowledge of the existence of familial and community frailty will also assist in the reduction of under-five mortality. METHODS The 2015 Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey, including 32,712 live births, was analysed. Under-five mortality was disaggregated into neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality and piecewise traditional Cox proportional hazard, variance-corrected and frailty models were developed. All the models identified determinants and the two frailty models examined the existence of familial and community frailty for each age group. RESULTS There was statistically significant evidence of community frailty. Breastfeeding status was a highly significant determinant under univariable and multivariable analysis for neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. Post-neonates of employed mothers also experienced increased mortality, particularly those whose mother worked in agriculture where the hazard ratio was 2.77 (95% CI 2.10, 3.65). Birth order 5+ was associated with increased mortality for all three age groups. CONCLUSION The Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health should identify frail communities. Support, such as daycare facilities, should be provided and early initiation of breastfeeding and breastfeeding throughout the post-neonatal period should also be encouraged. IMPACT The study identified determinants of neonatal, post-neonatal and child mortality. The study also established the presence of community frailty with respect to under-five mortality in Afghanistan. The study shows that the association of not breastfeeding and mortality is more acute in the early neonatal age group and it extends into the post-neonatal age group. The study identified the association of high birth order and mortality in the neonatal, post-neonatal and child age groups in Afghanistan. Policies should be implemented that encourage early initiation of breastfeeding to continue throughout the post-neonatal period and support for vulnerable families should be provided.
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Uddin R, Burton NW, Khan A. Factors associated with changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during one year among university-based young adults. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:236-242. [PMID: 35783374 PMCID: PMC9219348 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among university-based young adults in Bangladesh. Data were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 assessment points (baseline n = 573, 20.7 ± 1.35 years, 45% female; retention rate 69%, analytical sample = 395). Participants completed a self-administered written survey on PA, SB, health and lifestyle behaviours, and sociodemographics. Changes in PA were categorised as: negligible (± < 60 min/week), > 60 min/week decrease, or > 60 min/week increase. Changes in SB were categorised as negligible (± < 120 min/week), > 120 min/week decrease, and > 120 min/week increase. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the correlates. About quarters (72%) of participants had insufficient PA at both assessment points. Of those who were sufficiently active at Wave 1, 5% became insufficiently active at Wave 2. One quarter of participants (23%) had high SB at Wave 1 and Wave 2. Of those who had low SB at Wave 1, 16% had high SB at Wave 2. Being male [OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.06–3.93)], baseline phone time of > 2 h/day [OR = 3.14 (95% CI: 1.04–7.04)] and not participating in organised sports at baseline [OR = 2.56 (95% CI: 1.24–5.29) were associated with a decrease in PA by > 60 min/week. Participants who frequently experienced stress at baseline had higher odds of increasing SB by > 120 min/day [OR = 1.83 (95% CI: 1.04–3.23)]. SB is more variable than PA over 1 year in university-based young adults in Bangladesh. Males, those with high phone time, those not engaging with organised sports, and those with frequent stress may change to a more inactive lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Australia
- Corresponding author. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Wang J, Aaron A, Baidya A, Chan C, Wetzler E, Savage K, Joseph M, Kang Y. Gender differences in psychosocial status of adolescents during COVID-19: a six-country cross-sectional survey in Asia Pacific. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2009. [PMID: 34736426 PMCID: PMC8568363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School closures and family economic instability caused by the COVID-19 lockdown measures have threatened the mental health and academic progress of adolescents. Through secondary data analysis of World Vision Asia Pacific Region's COVID-19 response-assessments in May-June 2020, this study examined whether adolescents' study, physical, and leisure activities, psychosocial status, and sources of COVID-19 information differed by gender. METHODS The assessments used cross-sectional surveys of adolescents in poor communities served by World Vision (n = 5552 males and n = 6680 females) aged 10-18 years old in six countries. The study households of adolescents were selected either by random sampling or non-probability convenience sampling and assessed using telephone or in-person interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between gender and psychosocial status; daily activities (e.g., play, study); and sources of information about COVID-19. RESULTS Participation in remote education was low (range: 0.5-20.7% across countries), with gender difference found only in Vietnam. Compared to males, female adolescents were less likely to play physically with a range of AOR: 0.36-0.55 (n = 5 countries) or play video games with a range of AOR: 0.55-0.72 (n = 2 countries). Female adolescents were more likely to feel isolated or stressed (India, AOR = 1.13, 95%CI:1.00, 1.26); feel unsafe (the Philippines, AOR = 2.22, 95%CI:1.14, 4.33; Vietnam, AOR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.03, 1.47); be concerned about education (India, AOR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.09, 1.41; Myanmar, AOR = 1.59, 95%CI:1.05, 2.40); or be concerned about household income (India, AOR = 1.13, 95%CI:1.00, 1.28; Vietnam, AOR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.09, 1.58). Female adolescents were also less likely to obtain COVID-19 related information through internet/social media (Bangladesh, AOR = 0.51, 95%CI:0.41, 0.64; India, AOR = 0.84, 95%CI:0.73, 0.96; and Myanmar, AOR = 0.65, 95%CI:0.43, 0.97) and mobile call or short message (India, AOR = 0.88, 95%CI:0.80, 0.98) but more likely to get the information from friends (Vietnam, AOR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.02, 1.36) and family (Bangladesh, AOR = 1.44, 95% CI:1.21, 1.70; India, AOR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.15, 1.45). CONCLUSIONS An understanding of gender differences in the impacts of COVID-19 on adolescents' schooling, physical, and mental health can inform adolescent protection interventions. Psychosocial support during response and recovery phases needs to pay special attention to gender differences, since female adolescents' psychosocial status is at higher risk when facing the challenges of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Johns Hopkins School of Education, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alec Aaron
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anurima Baidya
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christabel Chan
- World Vision Asia Pacific Regional Office, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yunhee Kang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ahmed KR, Kolbe-Alexander T, Khan A. Effectiveness of a school-based intervention on physical activity and screen time among adolescents. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:242-248. [PMID: 34753667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component school-based intervention on physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) among urban adolescents in Bangladesh. DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. METHODS Eight high schools were randomly assigned to either intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). Participants (n = 160 per group, 40 school) were in grades 8-9. A 12-week multi-component intervention was developed based on the WHO's Health-Promoting Schools framework. The IG received weekly supervised circuit exercise (30 min/week), health education session (10 min/week) with health educational materials, and lunchtime sports activities (20 min/week). The main outcome measures included self-reported PA, ST, knowledge on PA and SB, which were assessed at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to evaluate the intervention effects. RESULTS Total PA (MET-min/week) was increased from baseline to 8 and 12 weeks in the IG (3%-5%) but decreased in the CG (5%-3%) and significantly improved in the IG compared to the CG (p < 0.001) over time. Average ST (min/day) reduced from baseline to 8 and 12 weeks in the IG (28%-35%), while remained unchanged in the CG (6%-5%). The IG had a significantly lower average ST than the CG at 12 weeks. The average knowledge scores on PA and SB were significantly higher in the IG than the CG at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our intervention has demonstrated some promising effects on increasing PA, reducing ST, and improving PA and SB knowledge. This study underscores the need for a scaled-up evaluation in other locations including rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Rumana Ahmed
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tracy Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Vancampfort D, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Van Damme T, Koyanagi A. Association between physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 140,808 adolescents aged 12 to 15 from 47 low- and middle-income countries. Public Health 2021; 199:1-9. [PMID: 34509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data from high-income countries (HICs) indicate that sedentary behavior is negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young people. We examined associations between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) and MVPA in adolescents from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 140,808 adolescents (13.8 ± 1.0 years; 49% girls). Time spent in LTSB was a composite variable assessing time spent sitting and playing computer games, watching TV, talking with friends during a typical day. The PACE + Adolescent Physical Activity Measure assessed MVPA levels. The association between ≥3 h/day of LTSB and adequate physical activity levels (every day last week 60 min MVPA) was explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of ≥3 h/day of LTSB and 60 min of MVPA/day last week were 26.3% (girls 26.2%; boys 26.5%) and 15.3% (girls 12.1%; boys 18.4%), respectively. LTSB of ≥3 h/day versus <3 h/day was associated with a 35% increased odds for adequate levels of MVPA in boys [OR = 1.35 (95%CI = 1.23-1.48)] and 22% in girls [1.22 (95%CI = 1.10-1.36)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that being physically active 60 min per day every day and at moderate-to-vigorous intensity and being sedentary ≥3 h/day during leisure-time might co-exist in adolescents in some LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vancampfort
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - J Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Van Damme
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Malmo O, Kippe K, Lagestad P. The Importance of Parents' Income and Education Level in Relation to Their Preschool Children's Activity Level at Leisure. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090733. [PMID: 34572165 PMCID: PMC8466130 DOI: 10.3390/children8090733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicate that socioeconomic status positively corresponds with adults’ and adolescents’ physical activity levels. This study investigated the relationship between parents’ education and income, and preschool children’s physical activity level. A total of 244 Norwegian preschool children aged four to six and their parents were enrolled in the study. The children wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days to measure their physical activity level. Parents completed a questionnaire that provided information about their education level and income level. To examine the relationship between the parents’ education and income and their children’s physical activity level at leisure, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted. The results revealed that neither mothers’ nor fathers’ education level or income, were associated with their children’s minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at leisure. The preschool curriculum of Norway may be one explanation why socioeconomic status was not linked to physical activity in this study. Another possibility is that this study was limited to full-time students with two parents. More research is needed to determine whether parent income or education is linked to physical activity among more diverse or older children in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oda Malmo
- Department of Teacher Education, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Karin Kippe
- Department of Teacher Education, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Pål Lagestad
- Department of Teacher Education, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway
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The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in Asian children and adolescents: a systematic review. Public Health 2021; 194:48-59. [PMID: 33857873 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents in Asian countries. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A systematic search of eight electronic databases was performed to retrieve articles published between January 1990 and August 2019, in English language, including any interventions to promote PA outcomes among children (aged 3-12 years) and adolescents (aged 13-18 years) in Asian countries. RESULTS Thirty studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Most studies were school-based (70%, n = 21), and half were cluster randomized controlled trials (53%, n = 16). Twelve of 30 included studies were among children, 15 among adolescents, and three among both children and adolescents. Only four studies (13%) used device-based measures of PA. The duration of intervention ranged from one day to 60 months (median 4.5 months). Twenty-one studies were of moderate-to-high quality, of which 15 demonstrated significant increases in PA behavior or physical fitness. Evidence was found that school-based, short-term (up to six months) interventions with a single or multicomponent approach including PA sessions, physical education, health education, and/or educational materials may increase overall PA in Asian children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The present review provides some evidence supporting the effectiveness of interventions in promoting PA-related outcomes. However, the findings are inconsistent due to the low number of studies, low-methodological quality, and/or small sample size. Well-designed interventions are needed to inform strategies to enhance PA engagements among children and adolescents in Asia.
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Watterworth JC, Korsiak J, Keya FK, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Al Mahmud A, Tam V, Roth DE. Physical Activity and the Home Environment of Pre-School-Aged Children in Urban Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073362. [PMID: 33805120 PMCID: PMC8036728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is a key determinant of health and development, yet few studies have examined PA levels and risk factors for low PA among young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the PA and sedentary (SED) behavior levels of preschool-aged children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and to estimate the associations between potential risk factors in the home built environment and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). In a sample of preschool-aged children (n = 65) in Dhaka, PA and SED behavior were measured for 7 days using ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometers. Characteristics of the home built environment, socioeconomic factors, and anthropometry were also measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted associations between characteristics of the home environment and MVPA. Preschool-aged children spent a mean (±standard deviation) 421 ± 48 and 82 ± 23 min per day sedentary and in MVPA, respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between factors in the home built environment (indoor area, presence of an open stairwell, and presence of gross motor activity facilitating items) and MVPA. These findings suggest that the studied characteristics of the home built environment may not significantly influence the MVPA observed among preschool-aged children in Dhaka. Future research should focus on other structural and behavioral factors that facilitate PA among young children in dense urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Watterworth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada; (J.K.); (V.T.)
| | - Jill Korsiak
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada; (J.K.); (V.T.)
| | - Farhana K. Keya
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (F.K.K.); (A.A.M.)
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (F.K.K.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Vivian Tam
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada; (J.K.); (V.T.)
| | - Daniel E. Roth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 2L3, Canada; (J.K.); (V.T.)
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Hasan M, Khan MSA, Sutradhar I, Hossain MM, Hossaine M, Yoshimura Y, Choudhury SR, Sarker M, Mridha MK. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e038975. [PMID: 33472770 PMCID: PMC7818822 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We implemented this study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adult men and women aged >30 years residing in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka division, Bangladesh. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Two urban (Dhaka city north and Dhaka city south) and two rural (Narsinghdi and Gazipur district) areas of the Dhaka division. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4856 male and female participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2340 (48.2%) were from urban and 2516 (51.8%) were from rural areas. PRIMARY OUTCOME Hypertension was the dependent variable for this study and was operationally defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm of Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90 mm of Hg, and/or persons with already diagnosed hypertension. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.0%, and the prevalence was higher among urban participants (urban: 36.9%, rural: 30.6%). Age (across all categories), female (urban-adjusted OR (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.5 and rural-AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.1)), higher educational status (urban-AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2 and rural-AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.1), inadequate physical activity (urban-AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.7 and rural-AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and overweight/obesity (urban-AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.3 and rural-AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7 to 2.5) were associated with hypertension in both urban and rural areas. Women who were not currently married during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the rural areas (rural-AOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4), and respondents who were not working during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the urban areas (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.6). CONCLUSION Since the prevalence of hypertension was high in urban and rural areas, the government of Bangladesh should consider implementing hypertension prevention programmes focusing young population of Dhaka division. In addition, early screening programmes and management of hypertension need to be strengthened for people with hypertension in both the areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkat Ali Khan
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Ipsita Sutradhar
- Centre for Science of Implementation and Scale-up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Moyazzam Hossaine
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Yukie Yoshimura
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohel Reza Choudhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Research, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Malabika Sarker
- Centre for Science of Implementation and Scale-up, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
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Urmy NJ, Hossain MM, Shamim AA, Khan MSA, Hanif AAM, Hasan M, Akter F, Mitra DK, Hossaine M, Ullah MA, Sarker SK, Rahman SM, Bulbul MMI, Mridha MK. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescent Boys and Girls in Bangladesh: Evidence From a National Survey. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 11:351-364. [PMID: 33403198 PMCID: PMC7752145 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.6.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. Methods Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. Conclusion The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Jahan Urmy
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Showkat Ali Khan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Mitra
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moyazzam Hossaine
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aman Ullah
- National Nutrition Services, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Samir Kanti Sarker
- National Nutrition Services, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Sm Mustafizur Rahman
- National Nutrition Services, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mofijul Islam Bulbul
- National Nutrition Services, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Amiri P, Naseri P, Vahedi-Notash G, Jalali-Farahani S, Mehrabi Y, Hamzavi-Zarghani N, Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Khalili D. Trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents across urban and rural areas during 2006-2011. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21318. [PMID: 33288806 PMCID: PMC7721745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that physical inactivity is related to weight gain and a whole host of chronic diseases. This study investigated trends of low physical activity among Iranian adolescents in urban and rural areas between 2006-2011. A total of 12,178 adolescents, aged between 15 and 19 years, participated in National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. Data on physical activity was obtained using the global physical activity questionnaire. A complex sample survey and multinomial logistic regression were used to model physical activity levels. The percentage of adolescents who had low levels of physical activity increased from 2006 to 2011 in both urban and rural areas. Low and moderate levels of physical activity were lower in rural girls as compared with urban girls, with a prevalence ratio of 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.74) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.47-0.74), respectively. The corresponding values for boys residing in rural areas compared with boys in urban areas were 0.56 (95% CI 0.43-0.75) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.48-0.74), respectively. The adolescents' lifestyles showed an increasing trend for physical inactivity in both genders; however, in rural areas, only girls had a rising affinity for a sedentary lifestyle throughout the 2006-2011 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Naseri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Golnaz Vahedi-Notash
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yadollah Mehrabi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Najmeh Hamzavi-Zarghani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Bacil EDA, Piola TS, Silva MPD, Bozza R, Fantineli E, Campos WD. CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CURITIBA, PARANÁ, BRAZIL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2018329. [PMID: 32556061 PMCID: PMC7292553 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation,
social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347
students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state
schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were
collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis
of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level,
social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by
self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff
points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic
regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence
intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. Results: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a
higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were:
nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR
0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social
support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from
friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). Conclusions: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and
friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate
and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents
and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less
active.
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Analysis of Environmental Activities for Developing Public Health Investments and Policies: A Comparative Study with Structure Equation and Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Hybrid Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061977. [PMID: 32192201 PMCID: PMC7143359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design of elements which exert pivotal effects on leisurely physical activity (LPA) in open space is an important part of urban development. However, little research has been done about the influence and discrepancies of those elements in different types of open space. To research these issues and to guide the design of urban open space, a survey from 8 open spaces (2 curtilage, 2 neighborhood squares (NS), 2 parks, and 2 campus) is conducted and a questionnaire is administered. Simultaneous analysis of several groups (SASG) of Structure equation model (SEM) is used, and the effects and discrepancies are acquired. In addition to this situation, interval type 2 (IT2) fuzzy hybrid decision making model is proposed in the second analysis. In this framework, IT2 fuzzy decision-making trial, evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and IT2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods are used. The results show that the influence relationships between elements and LPA did exist in four groups. Another important conclusion is that there were discrepancies of influence among different space groups. Physical environment (PE) has the greatest influence on LPA in the curtilage, whereas facilities exert the most effect in NS group. Additionally, amenities only have significant impact in parks and facilities only exercise remarkable influence on duration on campus. In addition to them, it is also identified that key design elements are presented for different types of space and that design strategy is provided through 4 specific examples.
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Uddin R, Hasan M, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Mandic S, Khan A. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Bangladesh: a systematic scoping review. Public Health 2019; 179:147-159. [PMID: 31830665 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of physical activity (PA) contributes to increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. However, little is known about PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) among populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review examined prevalence of PA and SB in Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. METHODS A systematic electronic search in eight databases and a manual search of retrieved articles' references were conducted. Original research conducted in Bangladesh with PA- and/or SB-related outcome(s) were included. RESULTS Out of 1,162 retrieved titles, 33 articles (32 cross-sectional and one case-control study) met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies were with healthy populations: adults (n = 19); children and adolescents (n = 7); and children, adolescents and adults (n = 3). Five studies used nationally representative samples of adults and one of adolescents. Most studies (n = 26) assessed PA only; three only SB, and four both PA and SB. All studies used self-reported measures. Among healthy adults, prevalence of insufficient PA ranged from 5% to 83%. Occupational and transport-related PA contributed the most towards total PA with negligible contribution of recreational PA. Among children and adolescents, the prevalence of insufficient PA ranged between 20% and 67%. Females engaged in less PA compared to males. Limited evidence currently exists about the prevalence of SB, especially among adults. CONCLUSIONS PA and SB research has received little attention in Bangladesh. Critical knowledge gaps identified in this review should be taken into account when designing new research and programmes in Bangladesh and other LMICs with similar socio-economic and cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, 4072, Australia; Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Bangladesh
| | - M Hasan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Bangladesh; Health Systems and Population Studies, icddr,b, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - S Mandic
- Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - A Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, 4072, Australia; Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Bangladesh.
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Clustering patterns of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Bangladeshi adolescents: A population-based study. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vancampfort D, Van Damme T, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Hagemann N, Koyanagi A. Correlates of physical activity among 142,118 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 48 low- and middle-income countries. Prev Med 2019; 127:105819. [PMID: 31445918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a serious public health concern in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, only a few multinational studies has investigated correlates of physical activity (PA) in young adolescents in this part of the world. In this study, we identified physical activity correlates using data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey. In total, 142,118 adolescents from 48 LMICs (age 13.8 ± 1.0 years; 49% girls) were included in the analyses. PA was assessed by the PACE+ Adolescent Physical Activity Measure and participants were dichotomised into those who do (60 min of moderate-vigorous PA every day of the week) and do not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations. We used multivariable logistic regression in order to assess the correlates. The prevalence of low PA was 15.3% (95%CI = 14.5%-16.1%). Boys (OR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.47-1.83) and those who participated in physical education for ≥5 days/week (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.10-1.15) were more likely to meet PA guidelines, while adolescents with food insecurity (OR = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.80-0.90), low fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.63-0.74), low parental support/monitoring (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.62-0.74), no friends (OR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.72-0.88), and who experienced bullying (OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.86-0.99) were less likely to have adequate levels of PA. There were a few variations in the correlates depending on country-income level. Our data indicate that in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years living in LMICs physical activity participation is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior determined by sociocultural, socio-economic, and policy-related factors. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm/refute the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Hagemann
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Thapa K, Bhandari PM, Neupane D, Bhochhibhoya S, Rajbhandari-Thapa J, Pathak RP. Physical activity and its correlates among higher secondary school students in an urban district of Nepal. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:886. [PMID: 31277633 PMCID: PMC6612167 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on adolescents’ physical activity and determinants are scarce in Nepal. In this study, we aim to assess the level of physical activity, its correlates and the sedentary behavior of high school students in an urban district of Nepal. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were selected using two-stage cluster sampling technique. We used Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) to collect information regarding physical activity and sedentary behavior. We also collected information about socio-demographic, academic, environmental and lifestyle-related factors. Data from 945 high school students from 23 randomly selected schools were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of low physical activity separately for male and female students. Results Based on GPAQ classification, one out of five respondents reported low physical activity. The prevalence of low physical activity was 8% for males and 31% for females. About 31% of the adolescents and 14% of young adults did not meet the WHO recommendations of physical activity. Forty-seven percent of the total physical activity was borne by recreational activities. Correlates of low physical activity included school type and mode of transport among females, family support and drinking among males, and playground/park around home among both. Conclusions The prevalence estimate of low physical activity among adolescents is high, with higher odds among females. Several different factors are associated with physical activity among males and females, therefore, interventions to promote physical activity in school may need to weigh these factors prior to/during implementation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7230-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Thapa
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.
| | - Parash Mani Bhandari
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Dipika Neupane
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Shristi Bhochhibhoya
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30606, USA
| | - Ramjee Prasad Pathak
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
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Khan A, Uddin R, Burton NW. Insufficient physical activity in combination with high screen time is associated with adolescents' psychosocial difficulties. Int Health 2019; 10:246-251. [PMID: 29579220 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although screen time (ST) and insufficient physical activity (PA) are fairly common among adolescents, it is unclear whether these conditions are jointly associated with adolescents' psychosocial difficulties. This study aimed to examine interactive associations of ST and PA with psychosocial difficulties among adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods Data were from 671 students (ages 13-16 y) from eight secondary schools of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Recreational ST was assessed using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire. The 3-day Physical Activity Recall instrument was used to estimate PA. Psychosocial difficulty was measured using the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results Sixteen percent of the adolescents had high SDQ total difficulties scores (≥17) and another 14% had moderate scores (14-16; borderline). Multivariable modelling showed that adolescents with high ST (>2 h/day) and insufficient PA (<60 min/day; not meeting the PA recommendation) had more psychosocial difficulties than their counterparts who had low ST and met PA recommendations (p=0.03). The analysis also found marginal evidence (p=0.06) of an association with psychosocial difficulties for adolescents with insufficient PA and low ST. Conclusions Adolescents in Dhaka City who have high recreational ST and are not meeting PA recommendations are likely to also have psychosocial difficulties. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the causal relationships between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Therapies Annexe (84A), St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Therapies Annexe (84A), St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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The mediating role of parental support: The relation between sports participation, self-esteem, and motivation for sports among chinese students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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To Q, Gallegos D, Do D, Tran H, To K, Wharton L, Trost S. The level and pattern of physical activity among fifth-grade students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Public Health 2018; 160:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fan X, Cao ZB. Physical activity among Chinese school-aged children: National prevalence estimates from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:388-394. [PMID: 30356592 PMCID: PMC6189233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to present national estimates of participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and adherence to the recommendations of 60 min/day of MVPA among Chinese school-aged children and to assess demographic differences in MVPA. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study. Participants were 90,712 primary, junior middle, and junior high school children (boy: 47%; girl: 53%), recruited from 1204 rural and urban schools across 32 administrative provinces and regions in the Mainland of China. Main outcomes were (a) average MVPA minutes per day in the previous 7 days by self-reports and (b) percentage meeting MVPA recommendations. RESULTS Average MVPA time was 45.4 min/day, with boys having more MVPA (47.2 min/day) than girls (43.7 min/day) overall and across the 3 school grade categories. About 30% of participants met MVPA recommendations, with a higher percentage of boys (32%) than girls (28%) overall and across the 3 grades categories. Urban school children outperformed rural children in terms of MVPA time. Overall, boys were more likely to meet MVPA recommendations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.22) compared with girls; children in higher grades (junior middle (aOR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98) and junior high (aOR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.53-0.66)) were less likely to meet recommendations compared with primary school children. The odds of meeting recommendations did not differ between urban and rural children (p = 0.07), but urban boys were found to be more likely to meet recommendations compared with rural boys (aOR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.06-1.19). CONCLUSION Overall, the average MVPA minutes per day among Chinese school-aged children is low, and less than one-third of them meet MVPA recommendations. These results were most evident among junior middle and junior high school children and those living rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Uddin R, Khan A, Burton NW. Prevalence and sociodemographic patterns of physical activity among Bangladeshi young adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:31. [PMID: 28709469 PMCID: PMC5512845 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity offers physical and psychosocial health benefits that are important during young adulthood and later in life. However, little is known about the physical activity of young adults in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to estimate the participation of physical activity in Bangladeshi young adults and to assess differences by gender, age and family income. METHODS This cross-sectional study with a self-administered survey used a convenience sample of 573 young adults aged 18-24 years from six purposively selected universities in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Data were collected during September-November 2015. Medians and their interquartile ranges of weekly time spent in total physical activity, and in different domains of physical activity, were computed. Non-parametric equality of medians test was used to examine gender differences in the median values. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to examine gender differences in the prevalence of meeting physical activity recommendations and frequency of participation in different leisure-time physical activities, and differences in meeting the activity recommendations by age and family income. RESULTS Seventeen percent of the participants were meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations with a significantly higher proportion of males than females (27 vs. 6%, p < .0001). Median duration of MVPA was significantly higher (p < .0001) for males [120 min/week (80, 190)] than females [90 min/week (50, 120)]. Jogging/running was the most commonly reported leisure-time physical activity, with 20% of males and 12% of females doing this at least once a week. Age and family income were not significantly associated with meeting MVPA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Four out of five young adults in Dhaka City did not meet the physical activity recommendations. Additional population-based studies, including regional and metropolitan areas, and using objective measurement, are needed to understand the physical activity patterns of Bangladeshi young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1217 Bangladesh
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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