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Cetinkaya D, DeCaro SA, Turnamian MR, Poon JA, Kleiman EM, Liu RT. A multi-method assessment of emotional processes predicting longitudinal anxiety symptom trajectories in an adolescent clinical sample. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 7:100071. [PMID: 39421464 PMCID: PMC11485166 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective Emotion recognition, reactivity, and regulation are important in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Whether and how these processes differentiate between different trajectories in anxiety remain unclear. The current study examined emotional processes as prospective predictors of anxiety symptom trajectories in psychiatrically hospitalized youth. Method Participants were 180 adolescents (M age = 14.89; SD = 1.35) from a psychiatric inpatient unit. At index hospitalization, participants completed a behavioral task assessing facial emotion recognition, and self-report measures of emotion dysregulation and reactivity. They completed a self-report measure on anxiety symptoms at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-discharge. Latent growth curve analysis was conducted to identify subgroups of individuals based upon their trajectory of anxiety symptoms across 18-months. ANOVAs were used to examine subgroup differences in emotional processing variables. Results Three distinct trajectories were identified, a stable moderate-to-high anxiety group, a group with moderate-to-high anxiety at baseline with symptom improvement over time, and a group characterized by relatively stable low-to-moderate anxiety throughout the study. The two initially moderate-to-high anxiety groups scored higher for emotion dysregulation and emotion reactivity at baseline compared to the low-to-moderate anxiety group. Emotion regulation difficulties relating to emotional non-acceptance were higher for the stable moderate-to-high anxiety group than for the moderate-to-high anxiety group that experience symptom improvement over time. Conclusions These findings may have clinical implications for discharge planning. Future studies should explore emotion regulation with a focus on non-acceptance of one's emotional experiences as a potential target of intervention in individuals with elevated anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Cetinkaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Sydney A. DeCaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | | | - Jennifer A. Poon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, United States
| | - Evan M. Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
| | - Richard T. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
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2
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Novak L, Malinakova K, Trnka R, Mikoska P, Sverak T, Kiiski H, Tavel P, van Dijk JP. Neural bases of social deficits in ADHD: A systematic review. Does the Theory of Mind matter? Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111011. [PMID: 38906229 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning. This phenomenon in ADHD should be associated with impairments in the Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, understanding the neural correlates of the ToM could be crucial for helping individuals with ADHD with their social functioning. Thus, we aimed to review published literature concerning neuroanatomical and functional correlates of ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS We reviewed studies published between 1970 and 2023. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, after data from three databases were collected, two authors (LN and PM) independently screened all relevant records (n=638) and consequently, both authors did the data extraction. The quality of the included studies (n=5) was measured by a modified version of The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and by measures specific for our study. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020139847). RESULTS Results indicated that impairments in performing of the ToM tasks were negatively associated with the grey matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in both, ADHD and control group. In EEG studies, a significantly greater electrophysiological activity during ToM tasks was observed in the, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in participants with ADHD as compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION More research is needed to explore the ToM deficits in children with ADHD. Future research might focus on the neural circuits associated with attention and inhibition, which deficits seems to contribute to the ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Novak
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Trnka
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikoska
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sverak
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanni Kiiski
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Hill AT, Ford TC, Bailey NW, Lum JAG, Bigelow FJ, Oberman LM, Enticott PG. EEG During Dynamic Facial Emotion Processing Reveals Neural Activity Patterns Associated with Autistic Traits in Children. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.27.609816. [PMID: 39372765 PMCID: PMC11451616 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.27.609816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Altered brain connectivity and atypical neural oscillations have been observed in autism, yet their relationship with autistic traits in non-clinical populations remains underexplored. Here, we employ electroencephalography (EEG) to examine functional connectivity, oscillatory power, and broadband aperiodic activity during a dynamic facial emotion processing (FEP) task in 101 typically developing children aged 4-12 years. We investigate associations between these electrophysiological measures of brain dynamics and autistic traits as assessed by the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition (SRS-2). Our results revealed that increased FEP-related connectivity across theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequencies correlated positively with higher SRS-2 scores, predominantly in right-lateralized (theta) and bilateral (beta) cortical networks. Additionally, a steeper 1/f-like aperiodic slope (spectral exponent) across fronto-central electrodes was associated with higher SRS-2 scores. Greater aperiodic-adjusted theta and alpha oscillatory power further correlated with both higher SRS-2 scores and steeper aperiodic slopes. These findings underscore important links between FEP-related brain dynamics and autistic traits in typically developing children. Future work could extend these findings to assess these EEG-derived markers as potential mechanisms underlying behavioural difficulties in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron T. Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Talitha C. Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology & Swinburne Neuroimaging, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil W. Bailey
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Monarch Research Institute Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jarrad A. G. Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Felicity J. Bigelow
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lindsay M. Oberman
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter G. Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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4
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Sgadò P, Pross A, Lamanna J, Adiletta A. Face processing in animal models: implications for autism spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1462272. [PMID: 39184326 PMCID: PMC11341390 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1462272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Processing facial features is crucial to identify social partners (prey, predators, or conspecifics) and recognize and accurately interpret emotional expressions. Numerous studies in both human and non-human primates provided evidence promoting the notion of inherent mechanisms for detecting facial features. These mechanisms support a representation of faces independent of prior experiences and are vital for subsequent development in social and language domains. Moreover, deficits in processing faces are a reliable biomarker of autism spectrum disorder, appearing early and correlating with symptom severity. Face processing, however, is not only a prerogative of humans: other species also show remarkable face detection abilities. In this review, we present an overview of the current literature on face detection in vertebrate models that could be relevant to the study of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sgadò
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pross
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Adiletta
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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5
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Karl V, Engen H, Beck D, Norbom LB, Ferschmann L, Aksnes ER, Kjelkenes R, Voldsbekk I, Andreassen OA, Alnæs D, Ladouceur CD, Westlye LT, Tamnes CK. The role of functional emotion circuits in distinct dimensions of psychopathology in youth. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 39095355 PMCID: PMC11297301 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Several mental disorders emerge during childhood or adolescence and are often characterized by socioemotional difficulties, including alterations in emotion perception. Emotional facial expressions are processed in discrete functional brain modules whose connectivity patterns encode emotion categories, but the involvement of these neural circuits in psychopathology in youth is poorly understood. This study examined the associations between activation and functional connectivity patterns in emotion circuits and psychopathology during development. We used task-based fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 1221, 8-23 years) and conducted generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Measures of psychopathology were derived from an independent component analysis of questionnaire data. The results showed positive associations between identifying fearful, sad, and angry faces and depressive symptoms, and a negative relationship between sadness recognition and positive psychosis symptoms. We found a positive main effect of depressive symptoms on BOLD activation in regions overlapping with the default mode network, while individuals reporting higher levels of norm-violating behavior exhibited emotion-specific lower functional connectivity within regions of the salience network and between modules that overlapped with the salience and default mode network. Our findings illustrate the relevance of functional connectivity patterns underlying emotion processing for behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Karl
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Haakon Engen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Military Psychiatry Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eira R Aksnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikka Kjelkenes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Scarpazza C, Gramegna C, Costa C, Pezzetta R, Saetti MC, Preti AN, Difonzo T, Zago S, Bolognini N. The Emotion Authenticity Recognition (EAR) test: normative data of an innovative test using dynamic emotional stimuli to evaluate the ability to recognize the authenticity of emotions expressed by faces. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07689-0. [PMID: 39023709 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite research has massively focused on how emotions conveyed by faces are perceived, the perception of emotions' authenticity is a topic that has been surprisingly overlooked. Here, we present the Emotion Authenticity Recognition (EAR) test, a test specifically developed using dynamic stimuli depicting authentic and posed emotions to evaluate the ability of individuals to correctly identify an emotion (emotion recognition index, ER Index) and classify its authenticity (authenticity recognition index (EA Index). The EAR test has been validated on 522 healthy participants and normative values are provided. Correlations with demographic characteristics, empathy and general cognitive status have been obtained revealing that both indices are negatively correlated with age, and positively with education, cognitive status and different facets of empathy. The EAR test offers a new ecological test to assess the ability to detect emotion authenticity that allow to explore the eventual social cognitive deficit even in patients otherwise cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, Padova, PD, Italy.
- IRCCS S Camillo Hospital, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gramegna
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Costa
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Saetti
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Naomi Preti
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Difonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Zago
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Hospital Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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Haller SP, Stoddard J, Cardenas SI, Dombek K, MacGillivray C, Botz-Zapp C, Bui HNT, Stavish CM, Kircanski K, Jones M, Brotman MA. Differentiating neural sensitivity and bias during face-emotion processing in youth: a computational approach. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae034. [PMID: 38794949 PMCID: PMC11173199 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to interpret face-emotion displays is critical for the development of adaptive social interactions. Using a novel variant of a computational model and fMRI data, we examined behavioral and neural associations between two metrics of face-emotion labeling (sensitivity and bias) and age in youth. Youth and adults (n = 44, M age = 20.02, s.d. = 7.44, range = 8-36) completed an explicit face-emotion labeling fMRI task including happy to angry morphed face emotions. A drift-diffusion model was applied to choice and reaction time distributions to examine sensitivity and bias in interpreting face emotions. Model fit and reliability of parameters were assessed on adult data (n = 42). Linear and quadratic slopes modeled brain activity associated with dimensions of face-emotion valence and ambiguity during interpretation. Behaviorally, age was associated with sensitivity. The bilateral anterior insula exhibited a more pronounced neural response to ambiguity with older age. Associations between sensitivity and bias metrics and activation patterns indicated that systems encoding face-emotion valence and ambiguity both contribute to the ability to discriminate face emotions. The current study provides evidence for age-related improvement in perceptual sensitivity to facial affect across adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P Haller
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel Stoddard
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sofia I Cardenas
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Dombek
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caroline MacGillivray
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian Botz-Zapp
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong N. T Bui
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caitlin M Stavish
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matt Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Scarth M, Hauger LE, Thorsby PM, Leknes S, Hullstein IR, Westlye LT, Bjørnebekk A. Supraphysiological testosterone levels from anabolic steroid use and reduced sensitivity to negative facial expressions in men. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:701-715. [PMID: 37993638 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used to improve physical performance and appearance, but have been associated with deficits in social cognitive functioning. Approximately 30% of people who use AAS develop a dependence, increasing the risk for undesired effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between AAS use (current/previous), AAS dependence, and the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions, and investigate the potential mediating role of hormone levels. METHODS In total 156 male weightlifters, including those with current (n = 45) or previous (n = 34) AAS use and never-using controls (n = 77), completed a facial Emotion Recognition Task (ERT). Participants were presented with faces expressing one out of six emotions (sadness, happiness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise) and were instructed to indicate which of the six emotions each face displayed. ERT accuracy and response time were recorded and evaluated for association with AAS use status, AAS dependence, and serum reproductive hormone levels. Mediation models were used to evaluate the mediating role of androgens in the relationship between AAS use and ERT performance. RESULTS Compared to never-using controls, men currently using AAS exhibited lower recognition accuracy for facial emotional expressions, particularly anger (Cohen's d = -0.57, pFDR = 0.03) and disgust (d = -0.51, pFDR = 0.05). Those with AAS dependence (n = 47) demonstrated worse recognition of fear relative to men without dependence (d = 0.58, p = 0.03). Recognition of disgust was negatively correlated with serum free testosterone index (FTI); however, FTI did not significantly mediate the association between AAS use and recognition of disgust. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate impaired facial emotion recognition among men currently using AAS compared to controls. While further studies are needed to investigate potential mechanisms, our analysis did not support a simple mediation effect of serum FTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Scarth
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lisa Evju Hauger
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biochemical endocrinology and metabolism research group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn R Hullstein
- Norwegian Doping Control Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Bozkurt A, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Kolak Çelik M, Akıncı MA. An assessment of dynamic facial emotion recognition and theory of mind in children with ADHD: An eye-tracking study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298468. [PMID: 38329958 PMCID: PMC10852339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been associated with difficulties in functioning. Since recognizing emotional facial expressions is essential for developing the perceptual components of the theory of mind (ToM), it is important to assess this relationship in children with ADHD. This study therefore compared the recognition of emotional stimuli and gaze patterns between children with ADHD and healthy children using eye-tracking with dynamic facial images. It also examined the relationship between facial emotion recognition accuracy, gaze patterns, ToM scores, and ADHD symptoms. Children with ADHD aged 8-13 (n = 47) and a control group (n = 38) completed a facial emotion recognition test, ToM tests, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale. Participants' gaze patterns in response to dynamic facial emotion expressions were recorded using eye-tracking technology. Children with ADHD exhibited significantly lower accuracy in the recognition of the facial expressions of disgust and anger. The percentage fixation in the eye region was also significantly lower for happy, angry, sad, disgusted, and neutral emotions in the children with ADHD compared to the control group. No relationship was determined between the percentage of fixations on facial areas of interests and ADHD symptoms or ToM tests. This study provides evidence that children with ADHD experience deficits in visual attention to emotional cues. In addition, it suggests that facial emotion recognition deficits in children with ADHD represent a separate domain of social cognition that develops independently of ToM skills and core symptoms. Understanding and treating the social difficulties of individuals with ADHD may help improve their social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bozkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | | | - Müberra Kolak Çelik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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10
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Sells RC, Liversedge SP, Chronaki G. Vocal emotion recognition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:23-43. [PMID: 37715528 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
There is debate within the literature as to whether emotion dysregulation (ED) in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects deviant attentional mechanisms or atypical perceptual emotion processing. Previous reviews have reliably examined the nature of facial, but not vocal, emotion recognition accuracy in ADHD. The present meta-analysis quantified vocal emotion recognition (VER) accuracy scores in ADHD and controls using robust variance estimation, gathered from 21 published and unpublished papers. Additional moderator analyses were carried out to determine whether the nature of VER accuracy in ADHD varied depending on emotion type. Findings revealed a medium effect size for the presence of VER deficits in ADHD, and moderator analyses showed VER accuracy in ADHD did not differ due to emotion type. These results support the theories which implicate the role of attentional mechanisms in driving VER deficits in ADHD. However, there is insufficient data within the behavioural VER literature to support the presence of emotion processing atypicalities in ADHD. Future neuro-imaging research could explore the interaction between attention and emotion processing in ADHD, taking into consideration ADHD subtypes and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanna C Sells
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Simon P Liversedge
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - Georgia Chronaki
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, UK
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11
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Hermans MM, Schappin R, de Laat PCJ, Mendels EJ, Breur JMPJ, Langeveld HR, Raphael MF, de Graaf M, Breugem CC, de Wildt SN, Okkerse JME, Pasmans SGMA, Rietman AB. Mental Health of School-Aged Children Treated with Propranolol or Atenolol for Infantile Hemangioma and Their Parents. Dermatology 2024; 240:216-225. [PMID: 38228125 PMCID: PMC10997238 DOI: 10.1159/000536144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with infantile hemangioma (IH) have been effectively treated with propranolol or atenolol. Concerns were raised about the mental health of these children at school age, due to central nervous system effects of propranolol and visible nature of IH. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the mental health at school age of children treated with propranolol to children treated with atenolol for IHs and their parents. METHODS This two-centered cross-sectional study included children aged ≥6 years and treated with either propranolol or atenolol for IH during infancy. Children's outcomes were performance-based affect recognition (Dutch version of the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment-II [NEPSY-II-NL]), parent-reported emotional and behavioral functioning (Child Behavioral Checklist [CBCL]), and health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27). Parents' outcome was parenting stress (Parenting Stress Questionnaire [OBVL]). RESULTS Data of 105 children (36 propranolol, 69 atenolol; 6.0-11.8 years) were analyzed. Mental health outcomes did not differ between both β-blocker groups. Although overall functioning was in line with norms, children presented specific problems concerning affect recognition, parent-reported attention, and social quality of life. Parents showed increased physical symptoms, depressive symptoms, and parent-child relationship problems. CONCLUSION No difference in mental health at school age was found between children treated with propranolol or atenolol for IH. Although few overall mental health problems were found, specific problems require follow-up. Follow-up of children should be directed toward affect recognition, attention, and social functioning in daily life. Problems reported by parents could be ameliorated by mental health support during and after their infant's β-blocker treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M Hermans
- Department of Dermatology - Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Renske Schappin
- Department of Dermatology - Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C J de Laat
- Department of Pediatrics (-Hemato-oncology), Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie J Mendels
- Department of Dermatology - Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M P J Breur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester R Langeveld
- Department of Intensive Care and Pediatric Surgery, Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine F Raphael
- Department of Dermatology, UMC Utrecht Center for Vascular Anomalies, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies de Graaf
- Department of Dermatology, UMC Utrecht Center for Vascular Anomalies, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corstiaan C Breugem
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UMC Utrecht Center for Vascular Anomalies, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M E Okkerse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology/Psychiatry, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology - Center of Pediatric Dermatology, Center of Rare Skin Diseases, Vascular Anomaly Center Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Member of the ERN-SKIN-Mosaic Group and ERN-VASCERN-VASCA Group, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André B Rietman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology/Psychiatry, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Shin J, Bae SM. Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6775. [PMID: 37754634 PMCID: PMC10531379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Rejective parenting is a major antecedent of emotional instability and aggressive behavioral problems. Previous studies have reported that emotional problems, such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and conduct problems in children and adolescents, improve through interventions that enhance emotional recognition competency. In this study, we explored whether the emotional recognition ability levels of individual adolescents moderated the pathway of negative parenting on aggression mediated by depression The moderated mediating effect of emotional recognition competency was investigated through examining 2265 first-year high school students using the 2021 data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. There was no significant moderating effect on the direct pathway from rejective parenting to aggression. The moderating effect of emotional recognition competency on the indirect pathway leading to aggression through depression in rejective parenting was significant. These results suggest that the ability to correctly understand signals related to the emotions of others can play an important role in reducing depression and aggressive behavior by reducing conflict with people around them and experiencing more support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Shin
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Man Bae
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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13
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Dede B, White BA. Social problems in young children: the interplay of ADHD symptoms and facial emotion recognition. Cogn Emot 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37712657 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Facial emotion recognition (FER) deficits interfere with interpretation of social situations and selection of appropriate responses. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are independently associated with social difficulties and might exacerbate the influence of deficient FER, because children with ADHD symptoms have fewer compensatory resources in social situations when they misinterpret emotions. Very few studies have tested this hypothesis in a community context, where child ADHD symptoms vary on a continuum. The current study extended this work by utilising a community sample (N = 87) of boys and girls in middle childhood (M = 7.83 years) and testing for moderation of FER effects separately by ADHD symptom type (ADHD-I = inattentive, H = hyperactive/impulsive, C = combined) using linear regression. While lower FER was associated with more social problems, this relationship was qualified by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Specifically, only children with relatively high ADHD symptoms in our community sample showed this inverse relationship, which was clearest among children with elevated ADHD-C or ADHD-I symptoms. No gender differences were observed. These results support our primary hypothesis, extend prior findings to boys and girls in the community, and have implications for understanding how ADHD symptoms and FER influence youth social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Dede
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Bradley A White
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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14
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Igoshina E, Wu LC, Moxon-Emre I, Mabbott DJ. Social affective outcomes and brain injury in children and adolescents treated for brain tumours. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023:S2352-4642(23)00079-2. [PMID: 37263284 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Review we critically evaluate the empirical literature investigating the effect of paediatric brain tumours and their treatment on social affective function. We focus specifically on relations between social affective function and compromised brain structure and function associated with treatment for a paediatric brain tumour. We concentrate on emotion recognition and regulation, because these are core components of social affective function. First, we provide an overview of the literature in typically developing children and discuss the underlying brain networks thought to subserve emotion (ie, limbic system and supporting white matter microstructure). We then focus on how damage to brain structure and function after treatment for a paediatric brain tumour might be related to compromised emotion recognition and regulation-as well as broader social affective outcomes. On the basis of our review of the literature across typically developing children and those with a paediatric brain tumour, we suggest that structural changes to fronto-limbic tracts might interrupt social network neural communication in children and adolescents treated for brain tumours. A critical analysis of the reviewed literature suggests a relationship between social affective dysfunction and childhood-acquired injury to white matter microstructure. We argue that the knowledge synthesised regarding paediatric brain tumours could extend to other neurological disorders. Finally, we identify considerations for future investigation and recommend research practices to be adopted in forthcoming studies to establish causal links between brain structure and function to social affective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Igoshina
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana C Wu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iska Moxon-Emre
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Robin M, Surjous L, Belbèze J, Bonnardel L, Lamas C, Silva J, Peres V, Corcos M. Four attachment-based categories of emotion regulation in adolescent psychic troubles. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1133980. [PMID: 37275718 PMCID: PMC10237043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1133980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotion regulation is altered in many psychiatric disorders in adolescence, but the understanding of mechanisms that underlie this alteration is still poor. Methods The PERCEPT study explores alexithymia, empathy, facial emotion recognition (FER) and defence mechanisms in a sample of adolescents in psychiatric care (n = 61, 74% of girls, mean age = 15.03 y.o.), in relation with participants' attachment styles. Results Results revealed correlations between attachment dimensions and all of the emotion regulation variables, suggesting that attachment modalities have functional links with emotional regulation at its different levels: FER accuracy was inversely correlated with avoidant attachment, while affective empathy, difficulty in identifying feelings (alexithymia) and immature as well as neurotic defence mechanisms were positively correlated with anxious attachment. Moreover, attachment categories delineated distinct emotional perception profiles. In particular, preoccupied attachment included adolescents with the highest levels of facial emotion perception (sensitivity and accuracy) and of affective empathy, whereas detached attachment included adolescents with the lowest levels of these variables. Neurotic defence mechanisms and difficulty to identify feelings were correlated with preoccupied attachment; immature defence mechanisms and difficulty to describe feelings to others characterized fearful attachment. Discussion These results suggest that attachment categories underlie emotion regulation processes in psychiatric disorders in adolescence. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Robin
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- CESP, INSERM U1178, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Luc Surjous
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Belbèze
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Bonnardel
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lamas
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Silva
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Victoire Peres
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Maurice Corcos
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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16
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Zhao FJ, Chen QW, Wu Y, Xie X, Xu Z, Ni X. Facial Emotion Recognition Deficit in Children with Moderate/Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1688. [PMID: 36552148 PMCID: PMC9776404 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported a facial expression classification deficit among adults with SDB, we do not know whether these findings can be generalized to children. In our study, children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) were divided into three groups: primary snoring (n = 51), mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (n = 39), and moderate/severe OSA (n = 26). All participants, including 20 healthy controls, underwent an overnight polysomnography recording and the Emotional Expression Recognition Task. Psychosocial problems were evaluated using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). There was a borderline significant interaction between expression category and group on reaction times. Further analysis revealed that positive classification advantage (PCA) disappeared in the moderate/severe OSA group, whereas it persisted in the control, primary snoring, and mild OSA groups. Emotional symptoms were positively correlated with OAHI. In both the happy and sad conditions, RT was negatively related to age and body mass index (BMI) but was independent of the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), arterial oxygen (SaO2) and total sleep time. The accuracy of identifying a sad expression was negatively related to conduct problems. Children with moderate/severe OSA exhibited dysfunction in facial expression categorization, which could potentially affect social communication ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Qing-Wei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Lab of Light and Physio-Psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
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17
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Sudit E, Luby J, Gilbert K. Sad, Sadder, Saddest: Recognition of Sad and Happy Emotional Intensity, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Preschoolers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1221-1230. [PMID: 34117580 PMCID: PMC8664896 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) have repeatedly been associated with depression. The ability to differentiate emotional intensity is a protective factor for psychopathology and in the context of life stressors, poor negative emotion differentiation (ED) is associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about whether the ability to recognize negative emotional intensity, a theorized developmental prerequisite of ED, influences the relationship between ACES and depressive symptoms in early childhood. The current study examined the interactive effects of ACES, the ability to recognize emotional intensity and depressive symptoms in 249 preschoolers enriched for depression. Findings demonstrated that when experiencing ACES, sad (not happy) emotion recognition was associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, when facing multiple ACEs, preschoolers with poor and moderate ability to recognize sad emotional intensity exhibited elevated depressive symptoms. Findings demonstrate that when experiencing elevated ACES, sad emotion recognition may be a protective factor for depression in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Sudit
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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18
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Scarselli V, Martucci M, Novelli M, Galosi S, Romani M, Sogos C. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Comorbid ASD, ADHD and Psychosis: A Case Report. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:382. [PMID: 36285951 PMCID: PMC9598192 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity is common in clinical practice and it seems to be related to shared etiological mechanisms and genetic susceptibility. Moreover, occurrence of psychosis can further complicate these complex clinical pictures. Here, we discuss the case of a nine-years-old boy presenting with an episode of abnormal sustained posture of the upper limbs, resembling dystonia, at the age of 3. At this time, auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as obsessive thoughts and attentional lability were also present and a diagnosis of "Early onset psychosis" was initially made. Due to the worsening of clinical picture, several hospitalizations were necessary and pharmacological treatment with carbamazepine, risperidone and aripiprazole was carried out. Extensive clinic evaluation revealed a past medical and personal history of toe walking, weak social skills and stereotyped behavior observed and ADOS-2 Module 2 administration revealed severe Autism scores. Moreover, signs of attention and hyperactivity were consistent with ADHD diagnosis. This work highlights the importance of a complete diagnostic assessment in patients with complex presentation, suggesting the possible overlap diagnosis of ADHD and Autism even in presence of psychotic-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melania Martucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carla Sogos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Daughters K, Rees DA, Hunnikin L, Wells A, Hall J, van Goozen S. Oxytocin administration versus emotion training in healthy males: considerations for future research. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210056. [PMID: 35858104 PMCID: PMC9272145 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying emotions correctly is essential for successful social interaction. There is therefore a keen interest in designing therapeutic interventions to improve emotion recognition in individuals who struggle with social interaction. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been proposed as a potential physiological intervention due to its important role in emotion recognition and other aspects of social cognition. However, there are a number of caveats to consider with the current form of intranasal oxytocin commonly used in the literature. Psychological interventions, on the other hand, do not carry the same caveats, and there is, therefore, a need to understand how intranasal oxytocin administration compares to psychological interventions designed to target the same psychological phenomena; and whether a combined intervention approach may provide additive benefits. Here we present a pilot, proof-of-concept study in healthy volunteers comparing the effect of intranasal oxytocin against a validated emotion training programme, finding that the psychological intervention, and not intranasal oxytocin, improved emotion recognition specifically for angry expressions. We discuss the theoretical implications of the research for future clinical trials. This article is part of the theme issue 'Interplays between oxytocin and other neuromodulators in shaping complex social behaviours'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Daughters
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura Hunnikin
- Centre for Human Developmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Wells
- Centre for Human Developmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Event-Related Potentials during Verbal Recognition of Naturalistic Neutral-to-Emotional Dynamic Facial Expressions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials during facial emotion recognition have been studied for more than twenty years. Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in the use of naturalistic stimuli. This research was aimed, therefore, at studying event-related potentials (ERP) during recognition of dynamic facial neutral-to-emotional expressions, more ecologically valid than static faces. We recorded the ERP of 112 participants who watched 144 dynamic morphs depicting a gradual change from a neutral expression to a basic emotional expression (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise) and labelled those emotions verbally. We revealed some typical ERP, like N170, P2, EPN and LPP. Participants with lower accuracy exhibited a larger posterior P2. Participants with faster correct responses exhibited a larger amplitude of P2 and LPP. We also conducted a classification analysis that yielded the accuracy of 76% for prediction of participants who recognise emotions quickly on the basis of the amplitude of posterior P2 and LPP. These results extend data from previous research about the electroencephalographic correlates of facial emotion recognition.
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21
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Giangiacomo E, Visaggi MC, Aceti F, Giacchetti N, Martucci M, Giovannone F, Valente D, Galeoto G, Tofani M, Sogos C. Early Neuro-Psychomotor Therapy Intervention for Theory of Mind and Emotion Recognition in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081142. [PMID: 36010032 PMCID: PMC9406700 DOI: 10.3390/children9081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of early neuro-psychomotor therapy to improve theory of mind skills and emotion recognition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. A pilot study was set up, consisting of in-group training activities based on the neuro-psychomotor approach. Children were evaluated using Neuropsychological Assessment for Child (Nepsy-II), Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC), and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). For data analysis, one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was used with a significance of p < 0.05. Two children with a developmental language disorder and four children with autism spectrum disorders participated in a 3-month training program. Our findings revealed significant improvement in emotion recognition, as measured with Nepsy-II (p = 0.04), while no statistical improvement was found for theory of mind. Despite the limited sample, early neuro-psychomotor therapy improves emotion recognition skills in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, considering the explorative nature of the study, findings should be interpreted with caution.
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22
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Zuberer A, Schwarz L, Kreifelts B, Wildgruber D, Erb M, Fallgatter A, Scheffler K, Ethofer T. Neural Basis of Impaired Emotion Recognition in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:680-687. [PMID: 33551283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in emotion recognition have been repeatedly documented in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their neural basis is unknown so far. METHODS In the current study, adult patients with ADHD (n = 44) and healthy control subjects (n = 43) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during explicit emotion recognition of stimuli expressing affective information in face, voice, or face-voice combinations. The employed experimental paradigm allowed us to delineate areas for processing audiovisual information based on their functional activation profile, including the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus, as well as the right posterior thalamus. RESULTS As expected, unbiased hit rates for correct classification of the expressed emotions were lower in patients with ADHD than in healthy control subjects irrespective of the presented sensory modality. This deficit at a behavioral level was accompanied by lower activation in patients with ADHD versus healthy control subjects in the cortex adjacent to the right superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus and the right posterior thalamus, which represent key areas for processing socially relevant signals and their integration across modalities. A cortical region adjacent to the right posterior superior temporal gyrus was the only brain region that showed a significant correlation between brain activation and emotion identification performance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results provide the first evidence for a potential neural substrate of the observed impairments in emotion recognition in adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zuberer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Lena Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wildgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Wittkopf S, Stroth S, Langmann A, Wolff N, Roessner V, Roepke S, Poustka L, Kamp-Becker I. Differentiation of autism spectrum disorder and mood or anxiety disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 26:1056-1069. [PMID: 34404245 PMCID: PMC9340140 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211039673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders overlap with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, making the diagnostic process challenging. This study found that a combination of communicational deficits and unusual and/or inappropriate social overtures facilitates differentiation between autism spectrum disorder and mood and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the results confirm the essential need of a behavioral observation with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule in combination with a full Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised to support diagnostic decisions.
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24
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Kim SY, Oh M, Bong G, Song DY, Yoon NH, Kim JH, Yoo HJ. Diagnostic validity of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (K-ADOS-2) in the Korean population. Mol Autism 2022; 13:30. [PMID: 35773721 PMCID: PMC9245227 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the Korean version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (K-ADOS‐2) is widely being used to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in South Korea, no previous study has examined the validity and reliability of all modules of K-ADOS-2 across a wide age range, particularly older children, adolescents, and adults. Method Data from 2,158 participants were included (mean age = 79.7 months; 73.6% male): 1473 participants with ASD and 685 participants without ASD (Toddler Module, n = 289; Module 1, n = 642; Module 2 n = 574; Module 3 n = 411; Module 4, n = 242). Participants completed a battery of tests, including the K-ADOS or K-ADOS-2 and other existing diagnostic instruments. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Cohen’s kappa (k), and agreement with existing diagnostic instruments were computed. Cronbach’s α values were also calculated. Results All developmental cells of the K-ADOS-2 showed sufficient ranges of sensitivity 85.4–100.0%; specificity, 80.4–96.8%; area under the ROC curve, .90-.97; PPV, 77.8–99.3%; NPV, 80.6–100.0%; and k values, .83–.92. The kappa agreements of developmental cells with existing diagnostic instruments ranged from .20 to .90. Cronbach’s α values ranged from .82 to .91 across all developmental cells. Limitation The best-estimate clinical diagnoses made in this study were not independent of the K-ADOS-2 scores. Some modules did not include balanced numbers of participants in terms of gender and diagnostic status. Conclusion The K-ADOS-2 is a valid and reliable instrument in diagnosing ASD in South Korea. Future studies exploring the effectiveness of the K-ADOS-2 in capturing restricted, repetitive behaviors and differentiating ASD from other developmental disabilities are needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-022-00506-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Kim
- Teacher Education, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miae Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guiyoung Bong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Da-Yea Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Nan-He Yoon
- Division of Social Welfare and Health Administration, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 463-707, South Korea. .,Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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25
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Dollion N, Grandgeorge M, Saint-Amour D, Hosein Poitras Loewen A, François N, Fontaine NMG, Champagne N, Plusquellec P. Emotion Facial Processing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study of the Impact of Service Dogs. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869452. [PMID: 35668968 PMCID: PMC9165718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing and recognizing facial expressions are key factors in human social interaction. Past research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present difficulties to decode facial expressions. Those difficulties are notably attributed to altered strategies in the visual scanning of expressive faces. Numerous studies have demonstrated the multiple benefits of exposure to pet dogs and service dogs on the interaction skills and psychosocial development of children with ASD. However, no study has investigated if those benefits also extend to the processing of facial expressions. The aim of this study was to investigate if having a service dog had an influence on facial expression processing skills of children with ASD. Two groups of 15 children with ASD, with and without a service dog, were compared using a facial expression recognition computer task while their ocular movements were measured using an eye-tracker. While the two groups did not differ in their accuracy and reaction time, results highlighted that children with ASD owning a service dog directed less attention toward areas that were not relevant to facial expression processing. They also displayed a more differentiated scanning of relevant facial features according to the displayed emotion (i.e., they spent more time on the mouth for joy than for anger, and vice versa for the eyes area). Results from the present study suggest that having a service dog and interacting with it on a daily basis may promote the development of specific visual exploration strategies for the processing of human faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dollion
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ., CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine) – UMR 6552, Rennes, France
- Laboratoire d’Observation et d’Éthologie Humaine du Québec, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS Est), Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mira Foundation Inc., Sainte-Madeleine, QC, Canada
| | - Marine Grandgeorge
- Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ., CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine) – UMR 6552, Rennes, France
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Department of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience Cognitives, NeuroQAM, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anthony Hosein Poitras Loewen
- Department of Psychology, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience Cognitives, NeuroQAM, Université du Quebec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie M. G. Fontaine
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pierrich Plusquellec
- Laboratoire d’Observation et d’Éthologie Humaine du Québec, Montréal Mental Health University Institute, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS Est), Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Richey JA, Gracanin D, LaConte S, Lisinski J, Kim I, Coffman M, Antezana L, Carlton CN, Garcia KM, White SW. Neural Mechanisms of Facial Emotion Recognition in Autism: Distinct Roles for Anterior Cingulate and dlPFC. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:323-343. [PMID: 35476602 PMCID: PMC9177800 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to measure and internally validate neural markers of facial emotion recognition (FER) in adolescents and young adults with ASD to inform targeted intervention. METHOD We utilized fMRI to measure patterns of brain activity among individuals with ASD (N = 21) and matched controls (CON; N = 20) 2 s prior to judgments about the identity of six distinct facial emotions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, fearful, disgust). RESULTS Predictive modeling of fMRI data (support vector classification; SVC) identified mechanistic roles for brain regions that forecasted correct and incorrect identification of facial emotion as well as sources of errors over these decisions. BOLD signal activation in bilateral insula, anterior cingulate (ACC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) preceded accurate FER in both controls and ASD. Predictive modeling utilizing SVC confirmed the utility of ACC in forecasting correct decisions in controls but not ASD, and further indicated that a region within the right dlPFC was the source of a type 1 error signal in ASD (i.e. neural marker reflecting an impending correct judgment followed by an incorrect behavioral response) approximately two seconds prior to emotion judgments during fMRI. CONCLUSIONS ACC forecasted correct decisions only among control participants. Right dlPFC was the source of a false-positive signal immediately prior to an error about the nature of a facial emotion in adolescents and young adults with ASD, potentially consistent with prior work indicating that dlPFC may play a role in attention to and regulation of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Denis Gracanin
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech. 2202 Kraft Drive, Room 1135, Blacksburg VA 24060
| | - Stephen LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech
| | - Jonathan Lisinski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Statistics, Hutcheson Hall, RM 406-A Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Marika Coffman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Duke University Center for Autism and Brain Development. 2608 Erwin Rd, Suite 300 b
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701Durham, NC 27705
| | - Ligia Antezana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Corinne N. Carlton
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Katelyn M. Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Susan W. White
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, McMillan Building 101-F, University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
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Neuromodulation of facial emotion recognition in health and disease: A systematic review. Neurophysiol Clin 2022; 52:183-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sandre A, Morningstar M, Farrell-Reeves A, Dirks M, Weinberg A. Adolescents and young adults differ in their neural response to and recognition of adolescent and adult emotional faces. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14060. [PMID: 35357699 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peer relationships become increasingly important during adolescence. The success of these relationships may rely on the ability to attend to and decode subtle or ambiguous emotional expressions that are common in social interactions. However, most studies examining youths' processing and labeling of facial emotion have employed adult faces and faces that depict emotional extremes as stimuli. In this study, 40 adolescents and 40 young adults viewed blends of angry-neutral, fearful-neutral, and happy-neutral faces (e.g., 100% angry, 66% angry, 33% angry, neutral) portrayed by adolescent and adult actors as electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Participants also labeled these faces according to the emotion expressed (i.e., angry, fearful, happy, or neutral). The Late Positive Potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects sustained attention to motivationally salient information, was scored from the EEG following face presentation. Among adolescents, as peer-age faces moved from ambiguous (33%) to unambiguous (100%) emotional expression, the LPP similarly increased. These effects were not found when adolescents viewed emotional face blends portrayed by adult actors. Additionally, while both adolescents and young adults showed greater emotion labeling accuracy as faces increased in emotional intensity from ambiguous to unambiguous emotional expression, adolescent participants did not show greater accuracy when labeling peer-compared to adult-age faces. Together, these data suggest that adolescents attend more to subtle differences in peer-age emotional faces, but they do not label these emotional expressions more accurately than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Facial emotion recognition impairment predicts social and emotional problems in children with (subthreshold) ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:715-727. [PMID: 33415471 PMCID: PMC9142461 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms often experience social and emotional problems. Impaired facial emotion recognition has been suggested as a possible underlying mechanism, although impairments may depend on the type and intensity of emotions. We investigated facial emotion recognition in children with (subthreshold) ADHD and controls using a novel task with children's faces of emotional expressions varying in type and intensity. We further investigated associations between emotion recognition accuracy and social and emotional problems in the ADHD group. 83 children displaying ADHD symptoms and 30 controls (6-12 years) completed the Morphed Facial Emotion Recognition Task (MFERT). The MFERT assesses emotion recognition accuracy on four emotions using five expression intensity levels. Teachers and parents rated social and emotional problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that the ADHD group showed poorer emotion recognition accuracy compared to controls across emotions (small effect). The significant group by expression intensity interaction (small effect) showed that the increase in accuracy with increasing expression intensity was smaller in the ADHD group compared to controls. Multiple regression analyses within the ADHD group showed that emotion recognition accuracy was inversely related to social and emotional problems, but not prosocial behavior. Not only children with an ADHD diagnosis, but also children with subthreshold ADHD experience impairments in facial emotion recognition. This impairment is predictive for social and emotional problems, which may suggest that emotion recognition may contribute to the development of social and emotional problems in these children.
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30
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Voltmer K, von Salisch M. The Adaptive Test of Emotion Knowledge for 3-to 9-Year-Olds: Psychometric Properties and Validity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:901304. [PMID: 35873242 PMCID: PMC9304981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.901304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with an advanced knowledge of emotions are generally more socially competent, less likely to suffer from psychopathology, and more likely to succeed in school, both socially and academically. The assessment of children's emotion knowledge has thus gained importance in recent decades - both in psychiatric practice and in developmental and educational psychology. However, there is still a lack of appropriate instruments for assessing children's emotion knowledge in a performance test reliably, and for a broad age range. The Adaptive Test of Emotion Knowledge (ATEM 3-9) is a newly developed measure which encompasses seven components of emotion knowledge in 3-9-year-olds. The ATEM 3-9 is an adaptive test which uses skip and dropout rules to adjust for children's varying levels of knowledge. In addition to German, the ATEM has been translated into English and Hebrew. The German norming sample of the ATEM 3-9 comprises N = 882 (54% female, 21% bilingual) children between the ages of 3 and 9 years, who were divided into seven age groups. Test items, which are ordered according to the item response theory, showed a good fit to a seven-dimensional model reflecting the seven components. The internal consistencies of the dimensions are acceptable to good. Construct validity was examined by means of correlations with other measures of emotion knowledge, as well as measures on language skills and executive functions in a subsample. This resulted in medium size correlations in the expected directions. In addition, children with externalizing and internalizing disorders who were recruited in psychiatric in- and outpatient clinics showed deficits in various components of emotion knowledge when compared to their agemates in the norming sample. Overall, the ATEM 3-9 is well suited to measure individual components of emotion knowledge in children and to obtain a differentiated picture of the various aspects of emotion knowledge. The ATEM 3-9 thus supports the investigation of the development of social-emotional competencies in normative development (e.g., school readiness) and in social-emotional-learning interventions. Furthermore, it is suitable as an instrument for the differentiated assessment of (progress of) children's emotion knowledge in clinical child psychology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Voltmer
- Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Maria von Salisch
- Institute of Psychology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
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31
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder: The specificity of deficits and the role of task characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104518. [PMID: 34974069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review assessed the specificity of facial emotion recognition impairment and the role of task characteristics in facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on subsets of 148 studies identified in PubMed and PsycINFO, random-effects meta-analyses showed significant impairment in recognizing all basic facial emotions in ASD. Additionally, ASD involves poorer facial emotion recognition than other clinical conditions and has similar impairment in recognizing emotional and nonemotional facial attributes, as well as in recognizing emotion in faces and other modalities. Furthermore, there are significant moderating effects for emotion complexity and holistic processing, a statistical trend for task type, and no significant effect for motion, social relevance, or stimulus salience on facial emotion recognition in ASD. Altogether, this review suggests nonselective facial emotion recognition impairment in ASD. Such impairment is relatively specific to ASD but is not specific to the recognition of emotional facial attributes or emotion recognition in the face modality. Identifying the role of task characteristics improves our understanding of the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition in ASD.
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Morphing Task: The Emotion Recognition Process in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413273. [PMID: 34948881 PMCID: PMC8702190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing a person’s identity is a fundamental social ability; facial expressions, in particular, are extremely important in social cognition. Individuals affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display impairment in the recognition of emotions and, consequently, in recognizing expressions related to emotions, and even their identity. The aim of our study was to compare the performance of participants with ADHD, ASD, and typical development (TD) with regard to both accuracy and speed in the morphing task and to determine whether the use of pictures of digitized cartoon faces could significantly facilitate the process of emotion recognition in ASD patients (particularly for disgust). This study investigated the emotion recognition process through the use of dynamic pictures (human faces vs. cartoon faces) created with the morphing technique in three pediatric populations (7–12 years old): ADHD patients, ASD patients, and an age-matched control sample (TD). The Chi-square test was used to compare response latency and accuracy between the three groups in order to determine if there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the recognition of basic emotions. The results demonstrated a faster response time in neurotypical children compared to ASD and ADHD children, with ADHD participants performing better than ASD participants on the same task. The overall accuracy parameter between the ADHD and ASD groups did not significantly differ.
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Schaumberg K, Zerwas SC, Bulik CM, Fiorentini C, Micali N. Prospective associations between childhood social communication processes and adolescent eating disorder symptoms in an epidemiological sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1929-1938. [PMID: 33064208 PMCID: PMC8050127 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition and communication, the processes associated with human social behavior and interaction, have been described in individuals with eating disorder psychopathology. The current study examined whether social communication characteristics present in middle childhood (ages 8-14) were associated with eating disorder behaviors, cognitions, and diagnoses across adolescence (ages 14-18) in a large, population-based sample. Participants (N = 4864) were children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based, prospective study of women and their children. Regression methods tested prospective associations between social functioning using a facial emotion recognition task and parentally reported social communication symptoms (or difficulties), measured by the Social Communication Disorder Checklist (SCDC), with eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses. Misattribution of faces as sad or angry at age 8.5 was associated with purging and anorexia nervosa diagnosis at age 14, respectively, among girls. Furthermore, autistic-like social communication difficulties during middle childhood were associated with bulimia nervosa symptoms during adolescence among both girls and boys. Results did not support global associations between measured social communication deficits and eating disorder risk in this sample, but specific difficulties with facial emotion recognition and social communication may enhance the risk for disordered eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schaumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI, 53719, USA.
| | - Stephanie C. Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States,Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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Goldstein BL, Grasso DJ, McCarthy KJ, Wakschlag LS, Pine DS, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Childhood Psychopathology: Associations with Discriminating Fearful and Angry Faces in Young Children. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 36:967-978. [PMID: 36337752 PMCID: PMC9634668 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Childhood exposure to traumatic violence may shape how children respond to threatening faces and increase risk for psychopathology. Maltreated children may exhibit altered processing of threatening faces; however, the effects of witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) on children's discrimination of facial expressions is under-studied. Emotional face processing differentially relates to psychopathology, with some evidence suggesting improved detection of angry faces in children with fear-related anxiety symptoms, whereas externalizing symptoms are associated with poorer detection of fearful faces and perhaps emotional faces broadly. Method In this cross-sectional study, we examined discrimination of threatening emotional faces (angry, fearful) in relation to experiences of probable abuse and witnessing of physical IPV, as well as psychopathology. Children (N = 137, mean age = 5.01 years, SD = 0.81) completed a "face in the crowd task" designed to examine discrimination of angry and fearful faces. Children either searched for an angry face among fearful distractor faces or a fearful face among angry distractors. Probable child abuse, witnessed IPV, and symptoms were assessed in semi-structured maternal interviews. Results Children who witnessed violence showed poorer accuracy when fearful faces were the target; however, effects for probable abuse were non-significant. Greater fear-related anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer accuracy for fearful faces. Externalizing symptoms were associated with poorer overall accuracy. Conclusions Findings suggest that IPV and fear-related anxiety symptoms were associated with difficulty detecting fearful faces when angry distractors were present, consistent with prior research. Implications of violence- and symptom-associated deficits in emotional face processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Damion J Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT USA
| | - Kimberly J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine & Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Waddington F, Franke B, Hartman C, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse N, Mota NR. A polygenic risk score analysis of ASD and ADHD across emotion recognition subtypes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:401-411. [PMID: 32815639 PMCID: PMC9290011 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the genetic components of ADHD and ASD by examining the cross-disorder trait of emotion recognition problems. The genetic burden for ADHD and ASD on previously identified emotion recognition factors (speed and accuracy of visual and auditory emotion recognition) and classes (Class 1: Average visual, impulsive auditory; Class 2: Average-strong visual & auditory; Class 3: Impulsive & imprecise visual, average auditory; Class 4: Weak visual & auditory) was assessed using ASD and ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS). Our sample contained 552 participants: 74 with ADHD, 85 with ASD, 60 with ASD + ADHD, 177 unaffected siblings of ADHD or ASD probands, and 156 controls. ADHD- and ASD-PRS, calculated from the latest ADHD and ASD GWAS meta-analyses, were analyzed across these emotion recognition factors and classes using linear mixed models. Unexpectedly, the analysis of emotion recognition factors showed higher ASD-PRS to be associated with faster visual emotion recognition. The categorical analysis of emotion recognition classes showed ASD-PRS to be reduced in Class 3 compared to the other classes (p value threshold [pT] = 1, p = .021). A dimensional analysis identified a high ADHD-PRS reduced the probability of being assigned to the Class 1 or Class 3 (pT = .05, p = .028 and p = .044, respectively). Though these nominally significant results did not pass FDR correction, they potentially indicate different indirect causative chains from genetics via emotion recognition to ADHD and ASD, which need to be verified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Waddington
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Catharina Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University CentreNijmegenNetherlands,Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical NeuroscienceRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
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36
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van Goozen SHM, Langley K, Hobson CW. Childhood Antisocial Behavior: A Neurodevelopmental Problem. Annu Rev Psychol 2021; 73:353-377. [PMID: 34587779 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-052621-045243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset disruptive, aggressive, and antisocial behavior is persistent, can become increasingly serious as children grow older, and is difficult to change. In 2007, our group proposed a theoretical model highlighting the interplay between neurobiological deficits and cognitive and emotional functioning as mediators of the link between genetic influences and early social adversity, on the one hand, and antisocial behavioral problems in childhood, on the other. In this article, we review the post-2007 evidence relevant to this model. We discuss research on genetics/epigenetics, stress/arousal regulation, and emotion and executive functioning in support of the argument that antisocial children, especially those who persist in engaging in antisocial behavior as they grow older, have a range of neuropsychological characteristics that are important in explaining individual differences in the severity and persistence of antisocial behavior. Current clinical practice tends not to acknowledge these individual neuropsychological risks factors or to target them for intervention. We argue that aggressive and disruptive behavior in childhood should be regarded as a neurodevelopmental problem and that intervening at the level of mediating neuropsychological processes represents a promising way forward in tackling these serious behavioral problems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H M van Goozen
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom; .,Department of Clinical Neurodevelopmental Studies, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Langley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom;
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Rappaport LM, Di Nardo N, Brotman MA, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM. Pediatric anxiety associated with altered facial emotion recognition. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 82:102432. [PMID: 34146888 PMCID: PMC8364876 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple psychiatric disorders are associated with difficulties in facial emotion recognition. However, generalized anxiety disorder may be associated with more accurate recognition of others' emotional expressions, particularly expressions of happiness and fear, which index safety and threat. Children aged 9-14 from a community sample (N = 601) completed a facial emotion labeling task. Children's symptoms of depressive and anxiety syndromes were assessed by self- and parent-report. Elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder were associated with more accurate facial emotion recognition (β = 0.16, p = 0.007), specifically recognition of happiness (β = 0.17, p = 0.002) and fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.006). Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with less accurate facial emotion recognition (β = -0.12, p = 0.018), specifically happiness (β = -0.15, p = 0.002). Elevated symptoms of separation anxiety disorder were also associated with less accurate facial emotion recognition (β = -0.16, p = 0.003), specifically happiness (β = -0.15, p = 0.006) and fear (β = -0.15, p = 0.005), which highlights the importance of distinguishing between anxiety syndromes. Results held when adjusting for child age and sex. Evidence that symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are associated with more accurate recognition of happiness and fear is consistent with theories of heightened social vigilance and support a transdiagnostic role of facial emotion recognition that may inform the psychosocial development of youth with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M. Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicole Di Nardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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38
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Waxmonsky JG, Baweja R, Bansal PS, Waschbusch DA. A Review of the Evidence Base for Psychosocial Interventions for the Treatment of Emotion Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2021; 30:573-594. [PMID: 34053687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many children with a range of psychiatric diagnoses manifest impaired levels of emotion dysregulation (ED). Over the past decade, there has been increasing examination of psychosocial interventions for ED. We found preliminary evidence of positive effects for a wide range of psychosocial treatments that were associated with improvements in emotion recognition, emotional reactivity, and emotion regulation. More studies are needed because results are limited by the small number of controlled trials, heavy reliance on parent ratings, and heterogeneity of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Waxmonsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Raman Baweja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pevitr S Bansal
- Department of Psychology in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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The Effect of Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights from Transdiagnostic Profiles. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070859. [PMID: 34203375 PMCID: PMC8301798 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Face memory impairments are common but heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may be influenced by co-occurrence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we aimed to investigate the phenotype change of face memory in children with ASD comorbid ADHD symptoms, and discuss the potential role of executive function (EF). Ninety-eight children were analyzed in the present study, including ASD- (ASD-only, n = 24), ADHD (n = 23), ASD+ (with ADHD symptoms, n = 23) and neurotypical controls (NTC, n = 28). All participants completed two tests: face encoding and retrieving task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for measuring face memory and EF, respectively. Results revealed that: compared with the NTC group, children with ASD- exhibited lower accuracy in both face encoding and retrieving, and participants with ASD+ showed lower accuracy only in the retrieving, whereas no differences were found among participants with ADHD. Moreover, in the ASD+ group, face encoding performance was correlated with response perseverative errors (RPE) and failure to maintain sets (FMS) of WCST; significantly, there were no group differences between ASD+ and NTC in these two indices. The transdiagnostic profiles indicated that comorbid ADHD symptoms could modulate the face encoding deficiency of ASD, which may be partially compensated by EF. Shared and distinct intervention strategies to improve social cognition are recommended for children undergoing treatment for each condition.
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40
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Michelini G, Palumbo IM, DeYoung CG, Latzman RD, Kotov R. Linking RDoC and HiTOP: A new interface for advancing psychiatric nosology and neuroscience. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102025. [PMID: 33798996 PMCID: PMC8165014 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) represent major dimensional frameworks proposing two alternative approaches to accelerate progress in the way psychopathology is studied, classified, and treated. RDoC is a research framework rooted in neuroscience aiming to further the understanding of transdiagnostic biobehavioral systems underlying psychopathology and ultimately inform future classifications. HiTOP is a dimensional classification system, derived from the observed covariation among symptoms of psychopathology and maladaptive traits, which seeks to provide more informative research and treatment targets (i.e., dimensional constructs and clinical assessments) than traditional diagnostic categories. This article argues that the complementary strengths of RDoC and HiTOP can be leveraged in order to achieve their respective goals. RDoC's biobehavioral framework may help elucidate the underpinnings of the clinical dimensions included in HiTOP, whereas HiTOP may provide psychometrically robust clinical targets for RDoC-informed research. We present a comprehensive mapping between dimensions included in RDoC (constructs and subconstructs) and HiTOP (spectra and subfactors) based on narrative review of the empirical literature. The resulting RDoC-HiTOP interface sheds light on the biobehavioral correlates of clinical dimensions and provides a broad set of dimensional clinical targets for etiological and neuroscientific research. We conclude with future directions and practical recommendations for using this interface to advance clinical neuroscience and psychiatric nosology. Ultimately, we envision that this RDoC-HiTOP interface has the potential to inform the development of a unified, dimensional, and biobehaviorally-grounded psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America.
| | - Isabella M Palumbo
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States of America
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41
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Negative parental emotional environment increases the association between childhood behavioral problems and impaired recognition of negative facial expressions. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:936-945. [PMID: 33926601 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Impaired facial emotion recognition is a transdiagnostic risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. Childhood behavioral difficulties and parental emotional environment have been independently associated with impaired emotion recognition; however, no study has examined the contribution of these factors in conjunction. We measured recognition of negative (sad, fear, anger), neutral, and happy facial expressions in 135 children aged 5-7 years referred by their teachers for behavioral problems. Parental emotional environment was assessed for parental expressed emotion (EE) - characterized by negative comments, reduced positive comments, low warmth, and negativity towards their child - using the 5-minute speech sample. Child behavioral problems were measured using the teacher-informant Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Child behavioral problems and parental EE were independently associated with impaired recognition of negative facial expressions specifically. An interactive effect revealed that the combination of both factors was associated with the greatest risk for impaired recognition of negative faces, and in particular sad facial expressions. No relationships emerged for the identification of happy facial expressions. This study furthers our understanding of multidimensional processes associated with the development of facial emotion recognition and supports the importance of early interventions that target this domain.
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42
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Kissgen R, Franke S, Susewind M, Krischer M. Attachment Representation and Emotion Recognition Ability in Children with ADHD and Their Parents: A Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052277. [PMID: 33668949 PMCID: PMC7956444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Few studies in clinical attachment research to date have examined children with an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. This is surprising for two reasons: first, there are a number of parallels between the behaviors of children with an insecure and disorganized attachment and the behaviors of children with an ADHD diagnosis. Second, secure attachment has a positive effect on the development of skills in areas in which children with ADHD demonstrate problems (e.g., attention span, impulse control). There are currently no findings on whether or not and how insecure and disorganized attachment and ADHD affect children’s emotion recognition ability. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, part exploratory and part hypothesis-driven in the context of basic research. A clinical sample of 5- to 10-year-old children with an ADHD diagnosis and their parents is to be compared to a non-clinical unaffected control group. Over a period of 3 years, 80 subjects and their parents are to be recruited in each group for participation in the study. Discussion: This study is the first to examine links between attachment, emotion recognition ability, and ADHD. It is also the first to include not just children with ADHD but also their mothers and fathers in its design. The findings should help reduce the research gap and generate more knowledge for family interventions in the case of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruediger Kissgen
- Developmental Science and Special Education, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-271-740-4093
| | - Sebastian Franke
- Developmental Science and Special Education, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Moritz Susewind
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Maya Krischer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (M.S.); (M.K.)
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43
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Flykt MS, Lindblom J, Belt R, Punamäki R. The role of mother's prenatal substance use disorder and early parenting on child social cognition at school age. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Susanna Flykt
- Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland
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44
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Improving emotion recognition is associated with subsequent mental health and well-being in children with severe behavioural problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1769-1777. [PMID: 32997168 PMCID: PMC8558267 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Impaired emotion recognition is a transdiagnostic risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. It has been argued that improving emotion recognition may lead to improvements in behaviour and mental health, but supportive evidence is limited. We assessed emotion recognition and mental health following a brief and targeted computerised emotion recognition training in children referred into an intervention program because of severe family adversity and behavioural problems (n = 62; aged 7-10). While all children continued to receive their usual interventions, only children impaired in emotion recognition (n = 40) received the emotion training. Teachers blind to whether or not children had received the training rated children's mental health problems before and 6 months after the training. Participants who received the emotion training significantly improved their recognition of negative and neutral facial expressions. Although both groups showed improved behaviour at follow-up, the reduction in behavioural problems was only significant in children who received the emotion training. Post-training emotion recognition scores predicted mental health problems 6 months later independently of initial emotion recognition ability and severity of behavioural problems. The results are consistent with the view that targeting emotion recognition can improve longer term functioning in individuals with disruptive behaviour, although further research using fully randomised designs is needed before causal conclusions can be drawn with confidence.
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45
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Basile A, Toplak ME, Andrade BF. Using Metacognitive Methods to Examine Emotion Recognition in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:245-257. [PMID: 30442038 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718808602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated confidence accuracy associations for emotion recognition (ER) in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TD). Method: Thirty-nine children with ADHD and 42 TD (M = 9 years, 11 months, SD = 14.92 months, 26 females) completed an ER task. Intelligence and executive function task performance were also measured. Results: The ADHD group was more confident on ER compared with TD, but no group differences were found on their overall accuracy. Specifically, the ADHD group was more confident in its recognition of sad and angry faces compared with the TD group. On a metacognitive index, the ADHD group displayed lower resolution, suggesting that the TD group was better at discriminating correct from incorrect responses. Higher resolution was associated with lower ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Confidence ratings with reference to performance on a specific task can provide an index of social-cognition in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan F Andrade
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Vandewouw MM, Choi E, Hammill C, Arnold P, Schachar R, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Taylor MJ. Emotional face processing across neurodevelopmental disorders: a dynamic faces study in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:375. [PMID: 33139709 PMCID: PMC7608673 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classically associated with poor face processing skills, yet evidence suggests that those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have difficulties understanding emotions. We determined the neural underpinnings of dynamic emotional face processing across these three clinical paediatric groups, including developmental trajectories, compared with typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 279 children, 5-19 years of age but 57 were excluded due to excessive motion in fMRI, leaving 222: 87 ASD, 44 ADHD, 42 OCD and 49 TD. Groups were sex- and age-matched. Dynamic faces (happy, angry) and dynamic flowers were presented in 18 pseudo-randomized blocks while fMRI data were collected with a 3T MRI. Group-by-age interactions and group difference contrasts were analysed for the faces vs. flowers and between happy and angry faces. TD children demonstrated different activity patterns across the four contrasts; these patterns were more limited and distinct for the NDDs. Processing happy and angry faces compared to flowers yielded similar activation in occipital regions in the NDDs compared to TDs. Processing happy compared to angry faces showed an age by group interaction in the superior frontal gyrus, increasing with age for ASD and OCD, decreasing for TDs. Children with ASD, ADHD and OCD differentiated less between dynamic faces and dynamic flowers, with most of the effects seen in the occipital and temporal regions, suggesting that emotional difficulties shared in NDDs may be partly attributed to shared atypical visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee M Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - EunJung Choi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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47
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Weissman DG, Nook EC, Dews AA, Miller AB, Lambert HK, Sasse SF, Somerville LH, McLaughlin KA. Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence. Clin Psychol Sci 2020; 8:971-988. [PMID: 33758688 PMCID: PMC7983841 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620923649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to identify and label one's emotions is associated with effective emotion regulation, rendering emotional awareness important for mental health. We evaluated how emotional awareness was related to psychopathology and whether low emotional awareness was a transdiagnostic mechanism explaining the increase in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence and as a function of childhood trauma-specifically violence exposure. In Study 1, children and adolescents (N=120, aged 7-19 years) reported on emotional awareness and psychopathology. Emotional awareness was negatively associated with psychopathology (p-factor) and worsened across age in females but not males. In Study 2 (N=262, aged 8-16 years), we replicated these findings and demonstrated longitudinally that low emotional awareness mediated increases in p-factor as a function of age in females and violence exposure. These findings indicate that low emotional awareness may be a transdiagnostic mechanism linking adolescent development, sex, and trauma with the emergence of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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48
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Golombek K, Lidle L, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schmitz J, Vierrath V. The role of emotion regulation in socially anxious children and adolescents: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1479-1501. [PMID: 31201527 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While numerous studies suggest that emotion dysregulation is important in maintaining social anxiety among adults, the role of emotion regulation in children and adolescents with social anxiety is not yet well understood. In this systematic review, we use the process model of emotion regulation as a framework for understanding emotion regulation in children and adolescents with social anxiety. We performed a systematic literature search in the electronic data bases Medline and PsycINFO. Additional studies were identified by hand search. We identified 683 studies, screened their titles and abstracts, viewed 142 studies, and included 55 of these. Study results indicate that children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder or high social anxiety show emotion dysregulation across all five domains of emotion regulation, such as enhanced social avoidance, more safety behaviors, repetitive negative thinking, biased attention and interpretation of social information, and reduced emotional expression. While enhanced social avoidance seems to be specific to childhood social anxiety, other maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as repetitive negative thinking, seem to occur transdiagnostically across different childhood anxiety disorders. Implications for current theory, interventions and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Golombek
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr 41, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Leonie Lidle
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr 41, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Verena Vierrath
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr 41, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
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Cooper S, Hobson CW, van Goozen SH. Facial emotion recognition in children with externalising behaviours: A systematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1068-1085. [PMID: 32713184 DOI: 10.1177/1359104520945390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in facial emotion recognition (FER) are associated with a range of mental health and antisocial presentations in adolescents and adults. Externalising behaviours in children are often one of the earliest signs of risk for the development of such difficulties. This article systematically reviews the evidence (from both group and correlational studies) for whether there is a relationship between FER and externalising behaviours in pre-adolescent children (aged 12 and under), both across and within externalising behaviour domains (hyperactivity, conduct problems, callous-unemotional traits, and aggression). Four electronic databases were searched producing 1,296 articles. Articles were included if they used validated measures of FER and externalising behaviours. Sixteen articles met criteria for inclusion in the review. Overall, the results suggested FER problems are present in ADHD, CP and callous-unemotional presentations, and in samples of children with higher levels of externalising problems rather than in community samples. However, there was no consistent evidence for specific emotions being implicated in the studies reviewed. Clinically, the findings suggest that FER difficulties are commonly associated with externalising behaviours, and hence this review offers some support that FER deficits could be a relevant target of intervention for externalising behaviours. However, more longitudinal studies are required, that control for other variables that might underlie FER difficulties (e.g. IQ or basic Theory of Mind abilities), to inform our knowledge of whether FER difficulties are a causal factor in externalising behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cooper
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Dini H, Farnaz Ghassemi, Sendi MSE. Investigation of Brain Functional Networks in Children Suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:733-750. [PMID: 32918647 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ADHD defects the recognition of facial emotions. This study assesses the neurophysiological differences between children with ADHD and matched healthy controls during a face emotional recognition task. The study also explores how brain connectivity is affected by ADHD. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded from 64 scalp electrodes. Event-related phase coherence (ERPCOH) method was applied to pre-processed signals, and functional connectivity between any pair of electrodes was computed in different frequency bands. A logistic regression (LR) classifier with elastic net regularization (ENR) was trained to classify ADHD and HC participants using the functional connectivity of frequency bands as a potential biomarker. Subsequently, the brain network is constructed using graph-theoretic techniques, and graph indices such as clustering coefficient (C) and shortest path length (L) were calculated. Significant intra-hemispheric and the inter-hemispheric discrepancy between ADHD and healthy control (HC) groups in the beta band was observed. The graph features indicate that the clustering coefficient is significantly higher in the ADHD group than that in the HC group. At the same time, the shortest path length is significantly lower in the beta band. ADHD's brain networks have a problem in transferring information among various neural regions, which can cause a deficiency in the processing of facial emotions. The beta band seems better to reflect the differences between ADHD and HC. The observed functional connectivity and graph differences could also be helpful in ADHD investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Dini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (TehranPolytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghassemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (TehranPolytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad S E Sendi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30308, Atlanta, USA
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