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Mitchell MI, Ben‐Dov IZ, Ye K, Liu C, Shi M, Sadoughi A, Shah C, Siddiqui T, Okorozo A, Gutierrez M, Unawane R, Biamonte L, Parikh K, Spivack S, Loudig O. Exhaled breath condensate contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry miRNA cargos of lung tissue origin that can be selectively purified and analyzed. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12440. [PMID: 38659349 PMCID: PMC11043690 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, including lung cancer, are rising causes of global mortality. Despite novel imaging technologies and the development of biomarker assays, the detection of lung cancer remains a significant challenge. However, the lung communicates directly with the external environment and releases aerosolized droplets during normal tidal respiration, which can be collected, stored and analzsed as exhaled breath condensate (EBC). A few studies have suggested that EBC contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) whose microRNA (miRNA) cargos may be useful for evaluating different lung conditions, but the cellular origin of these EVs remains unknown. In this study, we used nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analyses and super resolution nanoimaging (ONi) to detect and validate the identity of exhaled EVs (exh-EVs). Using our customizable antibody-purification assay, EV-CATCHER, we initially determined that exh-EVs can be selectively enriched from EBC using antibodies against three tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81). Using ONi we also revealed that some exh-EVs harbour lung-specific proteins expressed in bronchiolar Clara cells (Clara Cell Secretory Protein [CCSP]) and Alveolar Type II cells (Surfactant protein C [SFTPC]). When conducting miRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) of airway samples collected at five different anatomic levels (i.e., mouth rinse, mouth wash, bronchial brush, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] and EBC) from 18 subjects, we determined that miRNA profiles of exh-EVs clustered closely to those of BAL EVs but not to those of other airway samples. When comparing the miRNA profiles of EVs purified from matched BAL and EBC samples with our three tetraspanins EV-CATCHER assay, we captured significant miRNA expression differences associated with smoking, asthma and lung tumor status of our subjects, which were also reproducibly detected in EVs selectively purified with our anti-CCSP/SFTPC EV-CATCHER assay from the same samples, but that confirmed their lung tissue origin. Our findings underscore that enriching exh-EV subpopulations from EBC allows non-invasive sampling of EVs produced by lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I. Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Iddo Z. Ben‐Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Internal Medicine BHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Kenny Ye
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Miao Shi
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ali Sadoughi
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chirag Shah
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Aham Okorozo
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Martin Gutierrez
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Rashmi Unawane
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lisa Biamonte
- Department of Thoracic OncologyHackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian HealthHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThe Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Simon Spivack
- The Albert Einstein College of MedicineMontefiore Medical CenterBronxNew JerseyUSA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
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Ji T, Lv Y, Liu M, Han Y, Yuan B, Gu J. Causal relationships between mitochondrial proteins and different pathological types of lung cancer: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1335223. [PMID: 38596213 PMCID: PMC11002161 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1335223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies point to an association between mitochondrial proteins (MPs) and lung cancer (LC). However, the causal relationship between MPs and LC remains unclear. Consequently, our study employed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal association between MPs and different pathological types of LC. A two-sample MR study was performed using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data publicly available. We applied the primary inverse variance weighted (IVW) method along with additional MR methods to validate the causality between MPs and different pathological types of LC. To ensure the robustness of our findings, sensitivity analyses were employed. Moreover, we performed a bi-directional MR analysis to determine the direction of the causal association. We identified a total of seven MPs had significant causal relationships on overall LC, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We found two MPs had significant associations with overall LC, four MPs had significant associations with LUSC, and four MPs had significant associations with SCLC. Additionally, an MP was found to have a nominal relationship with LUSC. Moreover, no causality was found between MPs and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Bidirectional MR showed no reverse effect between identified MPs and different pathological types of LC. In general, our findings of this MR study suggest causal associations of specific MPs with overall LC, LUSC, and SCLC. However, no such causality was found in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanao Ji
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meiqun Liu
- Department of Electrocardioeraphy, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Nantong, China
| | - Baochang Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Nantong, China
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3
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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Lemos AEG, Silva GR, Gimba ERP, Matos ADR. Susceptibility of lung cancer patients to COVID-19: A review of the pandemic data from multiple nationalities. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2637-2647. [PMID: 34435733 PMCID: PMC8520793 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted that cancer patients tend to be more susceptible to develop severe infection and to die from COVID-19. Certain medical conditions such as immunosuppression, presence of comorbidities, and underlying pulmonary damage are possible determinants of disease severity, especially in lung cancer patients. While recent studies have shown that lung cancer is one of the most prevalent tumor types among COVID-19 cancer patients, we still have an incomplete view of how data from several countries work as a whole. The aim of this review was to investigate COVID-19 prevalence in lung cancer patient cohorts and their probability to develop severe illness and death when compared to nonlung cancer patients from multiple nationalities, including countries that have been the epicenters of the pandemic. We also focus on some intrinsic lung cancer features that might influence COVID-19 outcomes. An integrative view of the susceptibility of lung cancer patients might be especially relevant to assist physicians in evaluating the risks of COVID-19 in these patients, and to foster better decisions on treatment delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Emília Goulart Lemos
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF)NiteroiBrazil
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in HealthOswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Research CentreNational Cancer Institute (INCA)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gabriela Ribeiro Silva
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF)NiteroiBrazil
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Research CentreNational Cancer Institute (INCA)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyBiomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF)NiteroiBrazil
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Research CentreNational Cancer Institute (INCA)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Institute of Humanities and Health, Department of Natural SciencesFederal Fluminense University (UFF)Rio das OstrasBrazil
| | - Aline da Rocha Matos
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Respiratory and Measles Viruses Laboratory/SARS‐CoV‐2 Reference, Laboratory, MoHWorld Health Organization (WHO), FIOCRUZRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Cigarette smoke extract reduces FOXO3a promoting tumor progression and cell migration in lung cancer. Toxicology 2021; 454:152751. [PMID: 33737139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and the carcinogens in tobacco smoke play a role in its progression and metastasis. The related molecular events are largely unknown. FOXO3a is a transcription factor considered a tumor suppressor. Its inhibition leads to cell transformation, tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate, in different types of lung cancer cell lines (A549, COLO 699 N, SK-MES-1), the effects of cigarette smoke on mitochondrial status and cell metabolism and on key pathways involved in tumor progression and cell migration, looking at the role of FOXO3a in these mechanisms. The different lung cancer cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and TGF-β1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, intracellular ATP, extracellular lactate, FOXO3a, p21, survivin, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, SNAIL1), MMP-9 and cellular migration were assessed by flow-cytometry, fluorimetry, western blot analysis, Real-Time PCR and scratch test. Our results showed that exposure to CSE: (i) increased ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, lactate release while reducing intracellular ATP; (ii) decreased FOXO3a and increased survivin and p21 in the cytoplasm; (iii) decreased E-cadherin, increased SNAIL1 and MMP-9 and promoted cell migration like TGF-β1 did. These effects could be partly explained by downregulation of FOXO3a, as demonstrated by silencing experiments. These data suggest that cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage leading to metabolic reprogramming associated with increased glycolytic flux. This is accompanied with a downregulation of FOXO3a contributing to EMT processes and cell migration therefore promoting tumor progression.
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6
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Mousapasandi A, Loke WSJ, Herbert CA, Thomas PS. Oxidative stress in lung cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Carpagnano GE, Scioscia G, Lacedonia D, Soccio P, Quarato CMI, Cotugno G, Palumbo MG, Foschino Barbaro MP. Searching for Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Capable of Clustering Severe Asthma. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 57:338-344. [PMID: 32593535 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma inflammation may feature an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress induces propagation of airways inflammation and corticosteroid insensitivity contributing to poor asthma control, and frequent severe acute exacerbations. This study assessed inflammation and oxidative stress in severe asthmatic subjects and evaluated the possible correlations between inflammatory and oxidative stress markers investigated and asthma severity. MATERIAL AND METHOD Fifty-three patients with severe asthma, 11 patients with mild-moderate asthma and 12 healthy subjects were enrolled and underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) analysis and blood and sputum count cell collection. The content of mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by Real Time PCR and the ratio between MtDNA/nDNA was calculated. We detected MtDNA/nDNA in the EBC of severe asthmatics. RESULTS We found higher exhaled MtDNA/nDNA in severe asthmatics respectively compared to mild-moderate ones and to healthy controls (10.4±2.2 vs 7.9±2.5, p<0.05 and 10.4±2.2 vs 6.51±0.21, p<0.05). The level of exhaled MtDNA/nDNA was significantly higher in Non-T2 endotype severe asthmatics than T2 (14.07±10. 8 vs 6.5±5.5, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress marker (MtDNA/nDNA) is increased significantly with asthma severity and may be useful for endotyping severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy.
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla M I Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria G Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
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Kezeminasab S, Emamalizadeh B, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban A. Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Non-Invasive Source for Tracking of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Lung Diseases. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases have been recognized as an extensive cause of morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. The high degree of clinical heterogeneity and nonspecific initial symptoms of lung diseases contribute to a delayed diagnosis. So, the molecular and genomic profiling play a pivotal role in promoting the pulmonary diseases. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a novel and potential method for sampling the respiratory epithelial lining fluid is to assess the inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, drugs and genetic alterations in the pathophysiologic processes of lung diseases. The recent studies on the analysis of EBC from both a genetic and epigenetic point of view were searched from database and reviewed. This review provides an overview of the current findings in the tracking of genomic and epigenetic alterations which are potentially effective in better management of cancer detection. In addition, respiratory microbiota DNA using EBC samples in association with pulmonary disease especially lung cancer were investigated. Various studies have concluded that EBC has a great potential for analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA alterations as well as epigenetic modifications and identification of respiratory microbiome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) based genomic profiling of EBC samples is recommended as a promising approach to establish personalized based prevention, diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment follow-ups for patients with lung diseases especially lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kezeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azerbaijan (KIPA) Science-Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Kolbasina NA, Gureev AP, Serzhantova OV, Mikhailov AA, Moshurov IP, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Lung cancer increases H 2O 2 concentration in the exhaled breath condensate, extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04303. [PMID: 32637695 PMCID: PMC7327746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that the H2O2 concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in lung cancer patients increases significantly compared to the EBC of healthy people and revealed the correlation between the H2O2 level in the EBC and amount of mtDNA damage in buccal mucosa cells. The H2O2 hyper-production may trigger mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby resulting in an increase in mtDNA copy number. However, we did not observe a significant difference in the studied parameters between smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our data suggest that H2O2 concentration in the EBC, the extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa could be potential as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A. Kolbasina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga V. Serzhantova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mikhailov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ivan P. Moshurov
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
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10
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Campanella A, De Summa S, Tommasi S. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:044002. [PMID: 31282387 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and volatile compounds are present in EBC, and their presence/absence or their variation in concentrations can be used as biomarkers. The aims of this review are to briefly describe exhaled breath composition, firstly, and then to document some of the EBC candidate biomarkers for lung cancer by dividing them according to their origin (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiota) in order to demonstrate the potential use of EBC as a helpful tool in cancer diagnostics, molecular profiling, therapy monitoring and screening of high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Campanella
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Fang T, Wang M, Xiao H, Wei X. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic lung disease. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:493-502. [PMID: 31119467 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The functions of body gradually decrease as the age increases, leading to a higher frequency of incidence of age-related diseases. Diseases associated with aging in the respiratory system include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), asthma, lung cancer, and so on. The mitochondrial dysfunction is not only a sign of aging, but also is a disease trigger. This article aims to explain mitochondrial dysfunction as an aging marker, and its role in aging diseases of lung. We also discuss whether the mitochondria can be used as a target for the treatment of aging lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Subclonal evolution of pulmonary adenocarcinomas delineated by spatially distributed somatic mitochondrial mutations. Lung Cancer 2018; 126:80-88. [PMID: 30527196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The potential role of cancer associated somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is controversial and still poorly understood. Our group and others recently challenged a direct tumorigenic impact and suggested a passenger-like character. In combination with the known increased mutation rate, somatic mtDNA mutations account for an interesting tool to delineate tumor evolution. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the spatial distribution of somatic mtDNA mutations throughout whole tumor sections of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Central sections of 19 ADC were analyzed in a segmented manner (11-34 segments/tumor) together with non-neoplastic tissue samples and lymph node metastasis, if present. We performed whole mtDNA sequencing and real-time PCR based quantification of mtDNA copy numbers for all samples. Further, histological growth patterns were determined on H&E sections and the tumor cell content was quantified by digital pathology analyses. RESULTS Somatic mtDNA mutations were present in 96% (18/19) of the analyzed tumors, either ubiquitously or restricted to specific tumor regions. Spatial and histological mapping of the mutations enabled the identification of subclonal structures and phylogenetic relations within a tumor section indicating different progression levels. In this regard, lymph node metastases seem to be related to early events in ADC development. There was no concurrence between histological and mtDNA mutation based clusters. However, micropapillary patterns occurred only in tumors with ubiquitous mutations. ADC with more than two ubiquitous mutations were associated with shorter disease-free survival (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cancer related mtDNA mutations are interesting candidates for the understanding of subclonal ADC evolution and perspectively for monitoring tumor progression. Our data reveal a potential prognostic relevance of somatic mtDNA mutations.
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Kordiak J, Szemraj J, Grabska-Kobylecka I, Bialasiewicz P, Braun M, Kordek R, Nowak D. Intratumor heterogeneity and tissue distribution of KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for detection of mutated KRAS oncogene in exhaled breath condensate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:241-251. [PMID: 30368666 PMCID: PMC6325989 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Mutated KRAS oncogene in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be a genetic marker of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a possibility of inhomogeneous distribution in cancer tissue and intratumor heterogeneity of KRAS mutation may decrease its significance. We investigated a status of KRAS point mutation and its sequence at codon 12 in 51 NSCLC patients after tumor resection. The comparison of KRAS mutation status between EBC–DNA and cancer tissue was performed in 19 cases. Methods Five cancer tissue samples from disparate tumor regions and one from normal lung were harvested at surgery. EBC was collected for DNA analysis the previous day. KRAS point mutations at codon 12 were detected using mutant-enriched PCR technique and pyrosequenced. Results Forty-six cancers revealed concordance of KRAS mutation status: 27 contained mutated KRAS and 19 had only wild KRAS. Five NSCLCs revealed inhomogeneous distribution of KRAS mutation. Two different mutations were found in 14 NSCLCs and the most frequent one was G12D and G12V (n = 8). No mutated KRAS was found in normal lung. The concordance ratios of KRAS sequence in codon 12 between EBC–DNA and cancer were 18/19 for NSCLC patients and 11/12 for KRAS mutation positive NSCLC. Conclusions Intratumor heterogeneity and inhomogeneous distribution of KRAS point mutation in codon 12 in cancer tissue can occur in NSCLCs. There was a high accordance between KRAS mutation status in EBC–DNA and cancer tissue in NSCLC patients what suggests usefulness of monitoring KRAS mutation in EBC–DNA as a biomarker of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Chest Surgery, Oncologic and General Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital No. 2, Zeromskiego St. 113, 91-647, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Grabska-Kobylecka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Bialasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 251, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 251, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Rahimpour E, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Jouyban A. Non-volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate: review of methodological aspects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6411-6440. [PMID: 30046867 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to bronchial and nasal lavages, the analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising, simple, non-invasive, repeatable, and diagnostic method for studying the composition of airway lining fluid with the potential to assess lung inflammation, exacerbations, and disease severity, and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment regimens. Recent investigations have revealed the potential applications of EBC analysis in systemic diseases. In this review, we highlight the analytical studies conducted on non-volatile compounds/biomarkers in EBC. In contrast to other related articles, this review is classified on the basis of analytical techniques and includes almost all the applied methods and their methodological limitations for quantification of non-volatile compounds in EBC samples, providing a guideline for further researches. The studies were identified by searching the SCOPUS database with the keywords "biomarkers," "non-volatile compounds," "determination method," and "EBC."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mohamed Yusoff AA, Zulfakhar FN, Mohd Khair SZN, Wan Abdullah WS, Abdullah JM, Idris Z. Mitochondrial 10398A>G NADH-Dehydrogenase Subunit 3 of Complex I Is Frequently Altered in Intra-Axial Brain Tumors in Malaysia. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2018; 6:31-38. [PMID: 29717568 PMCID: PMC5932297 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which can induce mitochondrial DNA damage and lead to carcinogenesis. The mitochondrial 10398A>G alteration in NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) can severely impair complex I, a key component of ROS production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Alteration in ND3 10398A>G has been reported to be linked with diverse neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. The aim of this study was to find out the association of mitochondrial ND3 10398A>G alteration in brain tumor of Malaysian patients. Methods Brain tumor tissues and corresponding blood specimens were obtained from 45 patients. The ND3 10398A>G alteration at target codon 114 was detected using the PCR-RFLP analysis and later was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results Twenty-six (57.8%) patients showed ND3 10398A>G mutation in their tumor specimens, in which 26.9% of these mutations were heterozygous mutations. ND3 10398A>G mutation was not significantly correlated with age, gender, and histological tumor grade, however was found more frequently in intra-axial than in extra-axial tumors (62.5% vs. 46.2%, p<0.01). Conclusion For the first time, we have been able to describe the occurrence of ND3 10398A>G mutations in a Malaysian brain tumor population. It can be concluded that mitochondrial ND3 10398A>G alteration is frequently present in brain tumors among Malaysian population and it shows an impact on the intra-axial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatin Najwa Zulfakhar
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Salihah Wan Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Differential Alterations of the Mitochondrial Morphology and Respiratory Chain Complexes during Postnatal Development of the Mouse Lung. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9169146. [PMID: 29430286 PMCID: PMC5753018 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9169146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and adequate energy production in various organs of mammals are necessary for postnatal adaptation to extrauterine life in an environment with high oxygen content. Even though transgenic mice are frequently used as experimental models, to date, no combined detailed molecular and morphological analysis on the mitochondrial compartment in different lung cell types has been performed during postnatal mouse lung development. In our study, we revealed a significant upregulation of most mitochondrial respiratory complexes at protein and mRNA levels in the lungs of P15 and adult animals in comparison to newborns. The majority of adult animal samples showed the strongest increase, except for succinate dehydrogenase protein (SDHD). Likewise, an increase in mRNA expression for mtDNA transcription machinery genes (Polrmt, Tfam, Tfb1m, and Tfb2m), mitochondrially encoded RNA (mt-Rnr1 and mt-Rnr2), and the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) was observed. The biochemical and molecular results were corroborated by a parallel increase of mitochondrial number, size, cristae number, and complexity, exhibiting heterogeneous patterns in distinct bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest a specific adaptation and differential maturation of the mitochondrial compartment according to the metabolic needs of individual cell types during postnatal development of the mouse lung.
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Liu Z, Chai T, Zhang Y, Chu A, Liang B, Guo X, Guo Z, Song R, Hou G, Yuan J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Identification of abnormal nuclear and mitochondrial genes in esophageal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2817-2826. [PMID: 29257265 PMCID: PMC5783496 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the mutation characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Eca109 of Ec9706 cells, and to investigate their association with the nuclear genome (nDNA), thus providing a basis for gene targeting therapies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In vitro-cultured Ec9706 and Eca109 cells were analyzed the changes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (INDELs), copy number variation, and structure variation (SV) of their genome by high-throughput sequencing. The loci with SV on chromosome 1–12 of the two ESCC cell lines were ≥5% of the mtDNA, but SV on chromosome 13–22, X and Y was ≤3%; >40% of loci exhibited gain or loss; intergenic loci with INDEL changes and SNP features accounted for the majority of mutations. The affected genes encoded proteins including nDNA-encoding intra-mitochondrial-transporting proteins, ATP energy generation-associated proteins and mitochondrial electron respiratory chain proteins, and these proteins were all nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The transcription, duplication, and translation of the abnormally expressed mtDNA in Ec9706 and Eca109 cells were closely associated with disorders of nuclear DNA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Alan Chu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ge Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yaohe Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Ng Kee Kwong F, Nicholson AG, Harrison CL, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Is mitochondrial dysfunction a driving mechanism linking COPD to nonsmall cell lung carcinoma? Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/146/170040. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0040-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at increased risk of developing nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, irrespective of their smoking history. Although the mechanisms behind this observation are not clear, established drivers of carcinogenesis in COPD include oxidative stress and sustained chronic inflammation. Mitochondria are critical in these two processes and recent evidence links increased oxidative stress in COPD patients to mitochondrial damage. We therefore postulate that mitochondrial damage in COPD patients leads to increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis.The functional state of the mitochondrion is dependent on the balance between its biogenesis and degradation (mitophagy). Dysfunctional mitochondria are a source of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation. In COPD, there is impaired translocation of the ubiquitin-related degradation molecule Parkin following activation of the Pink1 mitophagy pathway, resulting in excessive dysfunctional mitochondria. We hypothesise that deranged pathways in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in COPD can account for the increased risk in carcinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, animal models exposed to cigarette smoke and developing emphysema and lung cancer should be developed. In the future, the use of mitochondria-based antioxidants should be studied as an adjunct with the aim of reducing the risk of COPD-associated cancer.
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19
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Wang L, Li Y, Zhang X, Li H. Characteristics of nosocomial infection and its effects on the survival of chemotherapy patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7379-7383. [PMID: 29344177 PMCID: PMC5755245 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the characteristics of nosocomial infection and its effects on the survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Retrospective analysis was performed for the 169 chemotherapy patients with NSCLC and nosocomial infection during hospitalization in Binzhou City Central Hospital from March, 2013 to January, 2015. In addition, 170 patients without nosocomial infection were also involved as a control group. The distribution of major drug resistance of Gram-negative (G−) and Gram-positive (G+) were analyzed. The survival conditions of the patients were analyzed according to the nosocomial infection occurrence. The risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with NSCLC were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. The percentage of G+ infection was 45.6% while G− infection was 54.4%. Nosocomial infections were most common in respiratory system. The median survival time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). G− infection was the most common type of infection in nosocomial infection of the patients with NSCLC. The occurrence of infection seriously affected the survival time of patients. Attention is required to the patients older than 60 years undergoing treatment with glucocorticoids as well as immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department III of Oncology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Senior Cadres, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 251700, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A. Piantadosi
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
| | - Hagir B. Suliman
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
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21
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Qian M, Spada C, Wang X. Approach, Application, and Bioethics of mtDNA Sequencing in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:23-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Youssef O, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Piirilä P, Knuuttila A, Knuutila S. Exhaled breath condensate as a source of biomarkers for lung carcinomas. A focus on genetic and epigenetic markers-A mini-review. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:905-914. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS-Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Carpagnano GE, Lacedonia D, Malerba M, Palmiotti GA, Cotugno G, Carone M, Foschino-Barbaro MP. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA alteration in new phenotype ACOS. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:31. [PMID: 26867569 PMCID: PMC4751730 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria contain their own DNA (MtDNA) that is very sensitive to oxidative stress and as a consequence could be damaged in quantity. Oxidative stress is largely recognized to play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD and might have a role in the new intermediate phenotype ACOS (asthma-COPD overlap syndrome). The aim of this study was to investigate MtDNA alterations, as an expression of mitochondrial dysfunction, in ACOS and to verify whether they might help in the identification of this new phenotype and in its differentiation from asthma and COPD. METHODS Ten (10) ACOS according to Spanish guidelines, 13 ACOS according to GINA guidelines, 13 COPD, 14 asthmatic patients and ten normal subjects were enrolled. They further underwent a blood, induced sputum and exhaled nitric oxide collection. Content of MtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) were measured in the blood cells of patients by Real Time PCR. RESULTS ACOS patients showed an increase of MtDNA/nDNA ratio. Dividing ACOS according to guidelines, those from the Spanish showed a higher value of MtDNA/nDNA compared to those from GINA/GOLD (92.69 ± 7.31 vs 80.68 ± 4.16). Spanish ACOS presented MtDNA/nDNA ratio closer to COPD than asthma. MtDNA was higher in asthmatic, COPD, GINA and Spanish ACOS patients compared to healthy subjects (73.30 ± 4.47-137.0 ± 19.45-80.68 ± 4.16-92.69 ± 7.31 vs 65.97 ± 20.56). CONCLUSION We found an increase of MtDNA/nDNA ratio in ACOS subjects that led us to conclude that there is presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this disease, that makes it closer to COPD than to asthma. Although the MtDNA/nDNA ratio results are a useful marker for differential diagnosis from asthma, COPD and ACOS, further studies are needed to confirm the potentiality of MtDNA/nDNA ratio and to a better characterization of ACOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - D Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - M Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia and AO Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
| | - G A Palmiotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - G Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - M Carone
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Cassano Murge, Italy.
| | - M P Foschino-Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
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Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Fenclova Z, Vlckova S, Turci F, Corazzari I, Kacer P, Schwarz J, Zikova N, Makes O, Syslova K, Komarc M, Belacek J, Navratil T, Machajova M, Zakharov S. Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO2 (nano) particles. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:110-8. [PMID: 26644454 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of nanotechnology is growing enormously and occupational physicians have an increasing interest in evaluating potential hazards and finding biomarkers of effect in workers exposed to nanoparticles. METHODS A study was carried out with 36 workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 pigment and 45 controls. Condensate (EBC) titanium and markers of oxidation of nucleic acids (including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU)) and proteins (such as o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr)) were analysed from samples of their exhaled breath. RESULTS In the production workshops, the median total mass 2012 and 2013 TiO2 concentrations were 0.65 and 0.40 mg/m(3), respectively. The median numbers of concentrations measured by the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were 1.98 × 10(4) and 2.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3), respectively; and about 80% of those particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter. In the research workspace, lower aerosol concentrations (0.16 mg/m(3) and 1.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3)) were found. Titanium in the EBC was significantly higher in production workers (p<0.001) than in research workers and unexposed controls. Accordingly, most EBC oxidative stress markers, including in the preshift samples, were higher in production workers than in the two other groups. Multiple regression analysis confirmed an association between the production of TiO2 and the levels of studied biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of titanium in EBC may serve as a direct exposure marker in workers producing TiO2 pigment; the markers of oxidative stress reflect the local biological effect of (nano)TiO2 in the respiratory tract of the exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pelclova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Zdimal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Fenclova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Vlckova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Turci
- Interdepartmental Centre "G Scansetti" for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates and NIS Interdepartmental Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - I Corazzari
- Interdepartmental Centre "G Scansetti" for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates and NIS Interdepartmental Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Kacer
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - O Makes
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Syslova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Komarc
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Belacek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Navratil
- J Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Machajova
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - S Zakharov
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Exhaled Breath Condensate pH in Lung Cancer, the Impact of Clinical Factors. Lung 2015; 193:957-63. [PMID: 26260979 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer may be associated with airway acidification due to enhanced airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is a non-invasive indicator of airway acidity; however, it is still unclear how EBC pH changes in lung cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate EBC pH in lung cancer together with clinical variables. METHODS Thirty-five patients with lung cancer and 37 control subjects (21 patients with stable COPD and 16 non-COPD smokers) were enrolled. EBC was collected for pH, which was determined with the argon-purging method, compared among the groups and correlated with clinical variables of patients with lung cancer. RESULTS No difference was found in EBC pH between patients with lung cancer and control subjects. However, endobronchial tumour localisation, squamous-cell carcinoma subtype and gastro-oesophageal reflux were associated with low EBC pH values. No relationship was observed between EBC pH and the presence of COPD, lung function variables or smoking history. CONCLUSIONS Although, EBC pH is unchanged in lung cancer, lower EBC pH values are associated with distinct phenotypes. Our findings could facilitate further research on airway acidity in lung cancer.
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Mohammed FMA, Rezaee Khorasany AR, Mosaieby E, Houshmand M. Mitochondrial A12308G alteration in tRNA(Leu(CUN)) in colorectal cancer samples. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:115. [PMID: 26189042 PMCID: PMC4506765 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in men and women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and UK. Colorectal cancer is strongly related to age, with almost three-quarters of cases occurring in people aged 65 or over. Pre-symptomatic screening is one of the most powerful tools for preventing colorectal cancer. Recently, the use of mitochondrial tRNA genes mutation or polymorphism patterns as a biomarker is rapidly expanding in different cancers because tRNA genes perform several functions including processing and translation which are essential components of mitochondrial protein synthesis. The aim of the present study was to find out the association of mitochondrial A12308G alteration in tRNALeu(CUN) in colorectal cancer and its usage as a new biomarker screening test. Methods A tumor tissues from 30 patients who had colorectal cancer were selected randomly. The A12308G alteration in tRNALeu (CUN) was screened in the 30 colorectal tumor tissues. For comparison, 100 blood samples of healthy controls using PCR-sequencing methods were selected and the following results were found. Result The A12308G, a polymorphic mutation in V-loop tRNALeu(CUN), was found in 6 Colorectal tumor tissues and 3 healthy controls. A statistical significant difference was found between cases and control regarding the association of the A12308G mutation with the colorectal tumor (P < 0.05). Conclusions The A12308G, a polymorphic mutation in V-loop tRNALeu(CUN), could be considered as pathogenic mutation in combination with mitochondrial external conditions and other mitochondrial genes in developing different diseases especially cancers and could be used as one of the diagnostic tool. Also it seems that maybe there is relevance between A12308G mutation and other mutations that it can cause various phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0337-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawziah M A Mohammed
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
| | - Ali Reza Rezaee Khorasany
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Mosaieby
- Department of cellular and molecular biology, Mazandaran university, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Liang Q, Qiao L, Xu B, Zhang H, Yang S, Chen J, Guo H, Wu J, Chen D. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop AG/TC transition mutation in cortical neurons of mice after long-term exposure to nucleoside analogues. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:500-7. [PMID: 26015313 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of combined antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patient has been significantly improved. However, long-term administration of antiretroviral drugs can result in various drug-associated toxicities. Among them, nucleoside analogues were confirmed to inhibit DNA polymerase gamma, resulting in mitochondrial toxicity. Our previous study indicated that long-term exposure of mice to nucleoside analogue could induce mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) loss in cortical neurons. Herein, we further identify mitochondrial toxicity of four nucleoside analogues (zidovudine (AZT), stavudine (D4T), lamivudine (3TC), and didanosine (DDI)) by cloning and sequencing mtDNA D-loop region in mice neurons captured with laser capture microdissection. The results showed that mutation of neuronal mtDNA D-loop sequences increased in mice treated with each of the four nucleoside analogues for 4 months and D4T and DDI induced more severe D-loop lesion than the other two nucleoside analogues. The major type of D-loop point mutations induced by four nucleoside analogues was transition, in particular of "A→G" and "T→C" transition, but the point transition sites were variable. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to nucleoside analogue can result in mtDNA D-loop region lesion in mouse cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bishi Wang
- The Fourth General Surgery Division, Shandong Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Luxin Qiao
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, Jiangsu Geriatric Medicine Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210024, China.
| | - Hongliang Guo
- The Fourth General Surgery Division, Shandong Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry of Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Dexi Chen
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Lacedonia D, Carpagnano GE, Crisetti E, Cotugno G, Palladino GP, Patricelli G, Sabato R, Foschino Barbaro MP. Mitochondrial DNA alteration in obstructive sleep apnea. Respir Res 2015; 16:47. [PMID: 25890226 PMCID: PMC4392628 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS) is a disease associated with the increase of cardiovascular risk and it is characterized by repeated episodes of Intermittent Hypoxia (IH) which inducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Mitochondria are cell organelles involved in the respiratory that have their own DNA (MtDNA). The aim of this study was to investigate if the increase of oxidative stress in OSAS patients can induce also MtDNA alterations. Methods 46 OSAS patients (age 59.27 ± 11.38; BMI 30.84 ± 3.64; AHI 36.63 ± 24.18) were compared with 36 control subjects (age 54.42 ± 6.63; BMI 29.06 ± 4.7; AHI 3.8 ± 1.10). In blood cells Content of MtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was measured in OSAS patients by Real Time PCR. The ratio between MtDNA/nDNA was then calculated. Presence of oxidative stress was evaluated by levels of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (ROMs), measured by diacron reactive oxygen metabolite test (d-ROM test). Results MtDNA/nDNA was higher in patients with OSAS than in the control group (150.94 ± 49.14 vs 128.96 ± 45.8; p = 0.04), the levels of ROMs were also higher in OSAS subjects (329.71 ± 70.17 vs 226 ± 36.76; p = 0.04) and they were positively correlated with MtDNA/nDNA (R = 0.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions In OSAS patients there is a Mitochondrial DNA damage induced by the increase of oxidative stress. Intermittent hypoxia seems to be the main mechanism which leads to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Crisetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Grazia Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Grazia P Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Patricelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sabato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - Maria P Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
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Lung Cancer Screening Beyond Low-Dose Computed Tomography: The Role of Novel Biomarkers. Lung 2014; 192:639-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ye F, Samuels DC, Clark T, Guo Y. High-throughput sequencing in mitochondrial DNA research. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:157-63. [PMID: 24859348 PMCID: PMC4149223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing, also known as high-throughput sequencing, has greatly enhanced researchers' ability to conduct biomedical research on all levels. Mitochondrial research has also benefitted greatly from high-throughput sequencing; sequencing technology now allows for screening of all 16,569 base pairs of the mitochondrial genome simultaneously for SNPs and low level heteroplasmy and, in some cases, the estimation of mitochondrial DNA copy number. It is important to realize the full potential of high-throughput sequencing for the advancement of mitochondrial research. To this end, we review how high-throughput sequencing has impacted mitochondrial research in the categories of SNPs, low level heteroplasmy, copy number, and structural variants. We also discuss the different types of mitochondrial DNA sequencing and their pros and cons. Based on previous studies conducted by various groups, we provide strategies for processing mitochondrial DNA sequencing data, including assembly, variant calling, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Center for Human Genetics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Travis Clark
- Vanderbilt Technology for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Sureshbabu A, Bhandari V. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in lung diseases: emphasis on mitophagy. Front Physiol 2013; 4:384. [PMID: 24421769 PMCID: PMC3872744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During mild stressful conditions, cells activate a multitude of mechanisms in an attempt to repair or re-establish homeostasis. One such mechanism is autophagic degradation of mitochondria or mitophagy to dispose damaged mitochondria. However, if stress persists beyond recovery then dysfunctional mitochondria can ignite cell death. This review article summarizes recent studies highlighting the molecular pathways that facilitate mitochondria to alter its morphological dynamics, coordinate stress responses, initiate mitophagy and activate cell death in relevance to pulmonary pathologies. Thorough understanding of how these signaling mechanisms get disrupted may aid in designing new mitochondria-based therapies to combat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Sureshbabu
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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32
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Roberts ER, Thomas KJ. The role of mitochondria in the development and progression of lung cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303019. [PMID: 24688727 PMCID: PMC3962144 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of mitochondria in human health and disease is a rapidly expanding topic in the scientific literature due to their integral roles in cellular death and survival. Mitochondrial biology and alterations in function were first linked to cancer in the 1920s with the discovery of the Warburg effect. The utilization of aerobic glycolysis in ATP synthesis was the first of many observations of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer has expanded to include defects in mitochondrial genomics and biogenesis, apoptotic signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. This review will focus on the role of mitochondria and their influence on cancer initiation, progression and treatment in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Roberts
- Colorado Mesa University, Biological Sciences Department, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Kelly Jean Thomas
- Colorado Mesa University, Biological Sciences Department, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
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Akgul EO, Kurt B, Gulcan Kurt Y, Cayci T. MtDNA depletions and deletions may also be important in pathogenesis of lung cancer. Respir Med 2013; 107:1814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Chronic Dis 2013; 2013:578613. [PMID: 26464846 PMCID: PMC4590922 DOI: 10.1155/2013/578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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