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Ackerson BK, Bruxvoort KJ, Qian L, Sy LS, Qiu S, Tubert JE, Lee GS, Ku JH, Florea A, Luo Y, Bathala R, Stern J, Choi SK, Takhar HS, Aragones M, Marks MA, Anderson EJ, Zhou CK, Sun T, Talarico CA, Tseng HF. Effectiveness and durability of mRNA-1273 BA.4/BA.5 bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.222) against SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 and XBB sublineages. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2335052. [PMID: 38575149 PMCID: PMC10996830 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2335052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 sublineages continue to cause serious COVID-19 disease, but most individuals have not received any COVID-19 vaccine for >1 year. Assessment of long-term effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against circulating sublineages is important to inform the potential need for vaccination with updated vaccines. In this test-negative study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, sequencing-confirmed BA.4/BA.5- or XBB-related SARS-CoV-2-positive cases (September 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023), were matched 1:3 to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. We assessed mRNA-1273 bivalent relative (rVE) and absolute vaccine effectiveness (VE) compared to ≥2 or 0 doses of original monovalent vaccine, respectively. The rVE analysis included 20,966 cases and 62,898 controls. rVE (95%CI) against BA.4/BA.5 at 14-60 days and 121-180 days was 52.7% (46.9-57.8%) and 35.5% (-2.8-59.5%) for infection, and 59.3% (49.7-67.0%) and 33.2% (-28.2-68.0%) for Emergency Department/Urgent Care (ED/UC) encounters. For BA.4/BA.5-related hospitalizations, rVE was 71.3% (44.9-85.1%) and 52.0% (-1.2-77.3%) at 14-60 days and 61-120 days, respectively. rVE against XBB at 14-60 days and 121-180 days was 48.8% (33.4-60.7%) and -3.9% (-18.1-11.3%) for infection, 70.7% (52.4-82.0%) and 15.7% (-6.0-33.2%) for ED/UC encounters, and 87.9% (43.8-97.4%) and 57.1% (17.0-77.8%) for hospitalization. VE and subgroup analyses (age, immunocompromised status, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection) results were similar to rVE analyses. rVE of mRNA-1273 bivalent vaccine against BA.4/BA.5 and XBB infections, ED/UC encounters, and hospitalizations waned over time. Periodic revaccination with vaccines targeting emerging variants may be important in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K. Ackerson
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Katia J. Bruxvoort
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lina S. Sy
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sijia Qiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julia E. Tubert
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gina S. Lee
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Ku
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ana Florea
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Radha Bathala
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julie Stern
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Soon K. Choi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harpreet S. Takhar
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael Aragones
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Morgan A. Marks
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carla A. Talarico
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Epidemiology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hung Fu Tseng
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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2
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Kim S, Gollwitzer PM, Oettingen G. Expectations Versus Fantasies and Vaccine Hesitancy: How Suffering From COVID-19 Versus Suffering From Vaccines Interact. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:563-577. [PMID: 38944699 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on COVID-19 vaccination highlights future thoughts associated with possible Coronavirus infection and vaccine side effects as key predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Yet, research has focused on independent contributions of such future thoughts, neglecting their interactive aspects. PURPOSE We examined whether thoughts about two possible COVID-related futures (suffering from COVID-19 and vaccine side effects) interactively predict vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior among unvaccinated and vaccinated people. Importantly, we compared two forms of future thinking: beliefs or expectations (likelihood judgments) versus fantasies (free thoughts and images describing future events). METHODS In Study 1, we conducted a longitudinal study with an unvaccinated group (N = 210). We assessed expectations versus fantasies about the two COVID-related futures as predictors. As outcome variables, we measured vaccine hesitancy, and 9 weeks later we assessed information seeking and vaccine uptake. Study 2 was a cross-sectional study comparing vaccine hesitancy of an unvaccinated group (N = 307) to that of a vaccinated group (N = 311). RESULTS Study 1 found that more negative fantasies about COVID-19 impact and less negative fantasies about vaccine side effects interactively predicted lower vaccine hesitancy and more vaccine-related behaviors among unvaccinated people; no such interaction was observed between respective expectations. Study 2 replicated these results of Study 1. Additionally, for vaccinated people, low expectations of negative COVID-19 impact and high expectations of negative vaccine impact interactively predicted higher vaccine hesitancy, whereas no such interaction was observed for respective fantasies. CONCLUSIONS Research on vaccine hesitancy should explore interactions between future thinking about disease and about vaccine side effects. Importantly, there is much to be gained by distinguishing expectations versus fantasies: vaccination interventions aiming to boost vaccine uptake among unvaccinated people should tap into their negative future fantasies regarding both disease and vaccine side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunYoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter M Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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Kim JEC, Kranzler EC, Yu K, Denison B, Dahlen HM, Luchman JN, Ihongbe TO, Marshall MC, Hoffman B, Moffett K, Dupervil D, Margolis KA, Hoffman L. The Association Between the We Can Do This Campaign and Vaccination Beliefs in the United States, January 2021-March 2022. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38958603 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2373159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Public health campaigns addressing COVID-19 vaccination beliefs may be effective in changing COVID-19 vaccination behaviors, particularly among people who remain vaccine hesitant. The "We Can Do This" COVID-19 public education campaign (the Campaign) was designed to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and uptake. This study aims to evaluate whether Campaign dose was associated with changes in vaccination beliefs related to COVID-19 vaccine concerns and perceived risks, the importance of COVID-19 vaccines, the perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, normative beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination, and perceptions about general vaccine safety and effectiveness. The study linked data from four waves of a nationally representative longitudinal panel of U.S. adults (January 2021-March 2022) with Campaign paid digital media data (April 2021-May 2022). We used mixed-effects linear regressions to examine the association between Campaign paid digital impressions and changes in vaccination beliefs. The results provide evidence that Campaign digital impressions were significantly associated with changes in respondent beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccine concerns and perceived risks, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, and perceptions about general vaccine safety and effectiveness. Findings suggest that public education campaigns may influence vaccine confidence and uptake by increasing positive vaccination beliefs and reducing vaccine concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun C Kim
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Elissa C Kranzler
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Kathleen Yu
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Benjamin Denison
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Heather M Dahlen
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Joseph N Luchman
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Timothy O Ihongbe
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Michael C Marshall
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Blake Hoffman
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Kenneth Moffett
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Daphney Dupervil
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Katherine A Margolis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Leah Hoffman
- Communication Campaign Research & Evaluation, Fors Marsh, Arlington, Virginia
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4
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Chen LH, Hui VKY, Lai YCV, Xu RH, Guo Y. University Students' Vaccination Intention after the Fifth Wave of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hong Kong: Inspiration from a Health Belief Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1204. [PMID: 38921318 PMCID: PMC11203942 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The fifth wave of COVID-19, driven by the Omicron variant, started to surge in Hong Kong in December 2021. Previous studies have shown that younger adults, compared to older adults, are vulnerable to increased risks of side effects after vaccination. However, little is known about the COVID-19 vaccination behavior among younger adults, especially university students, in Hong Kong. Therefore, the present online survey study aimed to investigate the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students in Hong Kong using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a framework. Two other potential predictors, the previous influenza vaccine uptake frequency and the Hong Kong SAR government vaccination lottery program, were also examined. The intention to receive another dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was low (36.4%). Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographic and baseline characteristics, the perceived susceptibility (OR = 2.98, CI = 1.18-7.53) and previous influenza vaccine uptake frequency (OR = 1.54, CI = 1.08-2.19) significantly and positively predicted the COVID-19 vaccination intention. However, the government vaccination lottery program (i.e., wining prizes for being vaccinated) (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.34-2.26) was not a significant motivator of COVID-19 vaccination. Future public health campaigns should focus on the individual susceptibility to COVID-19 and past influenza vaccination history to promote increased vaccination uptake among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.-C.V.L.); (R.H.X.)
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yi-Ching Victoria Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.-C.V.L.); (R.H.X.)
| | - Richard Huan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (Y.-C.V.L.); (R.H.X.)
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Department of Geography (Joint), Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Smart Society Lab., Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Pavela G, Smith T, McDonald V, Bryan L, Riddle R. Using behavioral theory to understand partisan differences in COVID-19 vaccination and booster intentions. J Behav Med 2024; 47:169-183. [PMID: 37659004 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for two COVID-19 vaccines. Two years later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that more than 250 million individuals had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Despite the large numbers of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, partisan differences surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine emerged, creating a potential challenge for health communications aimed at increasing vaccine uptake. A better understanding of partisan differences in attitudes and intentions towards vaccination may help guide public health strategies aimed at increasing vaccine uptake. To determine whether a commonly used theory of behavioral intentions used to craft public health messages explains partisan differences in intentions. Data were drawn from a national panel of US adults and collected between February 21, 2022, and March 3, 2022, using an online survey (n = 1845). Among respondents identifying as either Democrat or Republican (n = 1466), path analysis models were estimated to test whether partisan differences in vaccination or booster intentions were explained by the theoretical constructs of protection motivation theory (PMT). PMT accounted for approximately half of the covariate-adjusted mean difference in COVID-19 vaccination intentions between Democrats and Republicans, and nearly all the mean difference in booster intentions. Party affiliation indirectly affected intentions via its association with perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, vaccine/booster efficacy, and perceived costs of getting a COVID-19 vaccine or booster dose. Compared with Democrats, Republicans may be less likely to get vaccinated or receive a booster dose because of beliefs that they are less susceptible to COVID-19, that the vaccine is less effective, and that vaccination comes with disadvantages. Theories of behavioral intentions can help to identify the underlying theoretical determinants driving behavioral differences between political groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA.
| | - Tamika Smith
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Victoria McDonald
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Leah Bryan
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
| | - Robin Riddle
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 227K Ryals Building, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35225, USA
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Schrimpf A, Jentzsch A, Geier AK, Bleckwenn M. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Skepticism, Reasons, and Concerns Between Mass Vaccination Centers and General Practices in Germany 2021. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:2855-2870. [PMID: 37953979 PMCID: PMC10638907 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s433331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19 has significantly curbed vaccine uptake. Unlike mass vaccination centers, general practitioners (GPs) might be able to address some of the patients' concerns through their long-term doctor-patient relationship. This study compared vaccination reasons, concerns and skepticism about vaccination, and perceived importance of the vaccine and its hypothetical value between vaccination centers and GP practices. Methods A survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Results Participants in vaccine centers stated more prosocial and benefit-oriented reasons for vaccination, whereas participants in GP practices more often stated the GP's recommendation as the reason. Perceived importance of the vaccine in combating the pandemic was rated higher among individuals at vaccine centers and with higher health awareness and self-efficacy. Participants at both types of sites who preferred a GP for vaccination expressed more vaccination skepticism, which was also related to older age, more health risk concerns related to COVID-19 vaccines, and lower perceived importance of the vaccine. Conclusion Our results indicate opportunities for framing future vaccination campaigns that include vaccination centers. Additionally, a rapid GP involvement in future mass vaccinations might be crucial for overcoming attitudinal barriers and achieving higher vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schrimpf
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Jentzsch
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Geier
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Fernandez JR, Strassle PD, Richmond J, Mays VM, Forde AT. County-level barriers in the COVID-19 vaccine coverage index and their associations with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1192748. [PMID: 37900019 PMCID: PMC10602638 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background County-level vaccination barriers (sociodemographic barriers, limited healthcare system resources, healthcare accessibility barriers, irregular healthcare seeking behaviors, history of low vaccination) may partially explain COVID-19 vaccination intentions among U.S. adults. This study examined whether county-level vaccination barriers varied across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. and were associated with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, this study assessed whether these associations differed across racial/ethnic groups. Methods This study used data from the REACH-US study, a large online survey of U.S. adults (N = 5,475) completed from January 2021-March 2021. County-level vaccination barriers were measured using the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index. Ordinal logistic regression estimated associations between race/ethnicity and county-level vaccination barriers and between county-level vaccination barriers and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Models adjusted for covariates (age, gender, income, education, political ideology, health insurance, high-risk chronic health condition). Multigroup analysis estimated whether associations between barriers and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine differed across racial/ethnic groups. Results American Indian/Alaska Native, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino ELP [English Language Preference (ELP); Spanish Language Preference (SLP)], and Multiracial adults were more likely than White adults to live in counties with higher overall county-level vaccination barriers [Adjusted Odd Ratios (AORs):1.63-3.81]. Higher county-level vaccination barriers were generally associated with less willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, yet associations were attenuated after adjusting for covariates. Trends differed across barriers and racial/ethnic groups. Higher sociodemographic barriers were associated with less willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR:0.78, 95% CI:0.64-0.94), whereas higher irregular care-seeking behavior was associated with greater willingness to receive the vaccine (AOR:1.20, 95% CI:1.04-1.39). Greater history of low vaccination was associated with less willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Black/African American adults (AOR:0.55, 95% CI:0.37-0.84), but greater willingness to receive the vaccine among American Indian/Alaska Native and Hispanic/Latino ELP adults (AOR:1.90, 95% CI:1.10-3.28; AOR:1.85, 95% CI:1.14-3.01). Discussion Future public health emergency vaccination programs should include planning and coverage efforts that account for structural barriers to preventive healthcare and their intersection with sociodemographic factors. Addressing structural barriers to COVID-19 treatment and preventive services is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality in future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Fernandez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paula D. Strassle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vickie M. Mays
- Departments of Psychology and Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and the UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research and Policy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Allana T. Forde
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Albers AN, Wright E, Thaker J, Conway K, Daley MF, Newcomer SR. Childhood Vaccination Practices and Parental Hesitancy Barriers in Rural and Urban Primary Care Settings. J Community Health 2023; 48:798-809. [PMID: 37119349 PMCID: PMC10148012 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to identify primary care providers' (PCPs') practices in promoting childhood vaccination and their perceptions regarding barriers to vaccination in a primarily rural state. In January-May 2022, we conducted a mail and online survey of PCPs across Montana (n = 829). The survey included modules on routine immunizations in children 0-2 years old and COVID-19 vaccination in children 5-17 years old. The survey response rate was 36% (298/829). We categorized PCPs as working in rural (n = 218) or urban areas (n = 80), based on Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. We then compared responses between rural and urban PCPs using chi-square tests. Urban PCPs (90-94%, depending on vaccine) stocked routinely recommended vaccines more frequently than rural PCPs (71-84%), but stocked the COVID-19 vaccine less often than rural PCPs (44% vs. 71%, respectively, p < 0.001). A higher percentage of rural providers reported parental beliefs that vaccine-preventable diseases are not severe enough to warrant vaccination (48% vs. 31%, p = 0.01) and concerns that vaccination will weaken their child's immune system (29% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). More rural (74%) compared to urban (59%) PCPs identified a social media campaign from local health departments promoting early childhood vaccinations as an effective strategy to increase childhood vaccination rates (p = 0.01). We identified key differences in some childhood vaccination practices and barriers between rural and urban PCPs. Interventions to increase rural vaccination rates could include increasing the number of providers stocking all recommended vaccines, identifying strategies to address parents' concerns regarding vaccine necessity, and collaborations with public health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N Albers
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
- , 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Emma Wright
- Family Medicine Residency of Western Montana, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Partnership Health Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Juthika Thaker
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kathrene Conway
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Matthew F Daley
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sophia R Newcomer
- Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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9
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Niculaescu CE, Sangiorgi I, Bell AR. Does personal experience with COVID-19 impact investment decisions? Evidence from a survey of US retail investors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 2023; 88:102703. [PMID: 37313178 PMCID: PMC10226778 DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the link between personal experience with COVID-19 and US retail investors' financial decision-making during the first COVID-19 wave. Do retail investors that have personally experienced COVID-19 change their investments after the pandemic outbreak, and if so, why? We use a cross-sectional dataset from an online survey of US retail investors collected in July and August 2020 to assess if and how respondents change their investment decisions after the COVID-19 outbreak. On average retail investors increase their investments during the first wave of COVID-19 by 4.7%, while many of them decrease their investments suggesting a high heterogeneity of investor behaviours. We provide the first evidence that personal experience with the virus can have unexpected positive effects on retail investments. Investors who have personal experience with COVID-19, who are in a vulnerable health category, who tested positive, and who know someone in their close circle of friends or family who died because of COVID-19, increase their investments by 12%. We explain our findings through terror management theory, salience theory and optimism bias, suggesting that reminders of mortality, focussing on selective salient investment information, and over-optimism despite personal vulnerable health contribute to the increase in retail investments. Increased levels of savings, saving goals and risk capacity are also positively associated with increased investments. Our findings are relevant to investors, regulators, and financial advisors, and highlight the importance of providing retail investors with access to investment opportunities in periods of unprecedented shocks such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina E Niculaescu
- ICMA Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6BA, UK
| | - Ivan Sangiorgi
- ICMA Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6BA, UK
| | - Adrian R Bell
- ICMA Centre, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6BA, UK
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10
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Bui HN, Duong CD, Nguyen VQ, Vu NX, Ha ST, Le TT, Vu TN. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to predict COVID-19 vaccination intention: A structural equational modeling approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17418. [PMID: 37366521 PMCID: PMC10275777 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential to achieve herd immunity in order to control the COVID-19 pandemic, and this requires a high level of vaccination rate. Despite the importance of vaccination, hesitancy and unwillingness in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine still exists. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the intentions of adults regarding COVID-19 vaccination, which is beneficial for establishing community immunity and an efficient future pandemic response. An online survey was administered to 2722 adults in Vietnam. Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to test the reliability and validity of the developed scales. Then, structural equational modeling (SEM) was employed to test correlations. This study found that favorable attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines played the most important role in shaping adults' intention to receive these vaccines, followed by perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccines, and subjective norms. Concurrently, all three core dimensions of the theory of planned behavior mediated the link between the perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccines and the intention to receive them. Also, there were significant differences between males and females in the way they formed this intention. The findings of this study offer valuable guidance for practitioners on how to encourage adults to receive COVID-19 vaccinations, as well as how to limit the transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Van Quang Nguyen
- College of Economics, Technology and Fisheries, Viet Nam
- TIMAS - Thang Long University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Son Tung Ha
- National Economics University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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11
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Asriadi, Mutiarin D. Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:318-330. [PMID: 37204316 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the achievements of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in five provinces in Indonesia, North Maluku, West Sulawesi, Maluku, West Papua, and Papua. Furthermore, to establish herd immunity in the new normal perspective. Vaccination is important because it is an effective way to build immunity. This method uses qualitative research with a Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) approach. The source of data was obtained from the official website of the government, the ministry of health, in the category of areas with low vaccination achievement, and data were also obtained by capturing news in credible official media to find the cause of the low vaccination rate in the community. The data analyst uses NVivo12 software to code and visualizes data in graphs, images, and word clouds. The findings of this study indicate that in five provinces in Indonesia, North Maluku (68%), West Sulawesi (76%), Maluku (66%), West Papua (62%), and Papua (41%), the achievement of vaccination implementation is still relatively low. Due to doubts in the community about the status of the vaccine, information and communication education from the government have not been optimal; the environment and geography vary, so it becomes an obstacle in carrying out vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asriadi
- Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Mutiarin
- Government Affairs and Administration, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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12
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Limbu YB, Gautam RK. How Well the Constructs of Health Belief Model Predict Vaccination Intention: A Systematic Review on COVID-19 Primary Series and Booster Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040816. [PMID: 37112728 PMCID: PMC10141697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes the findings of quantitative studies examining the relationships between Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs and COVID-19 vaccination intention. We searched PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and identified 109 eligible studies. The overall vaccination intention rate was 68.19%. Perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action were the three most frequently demonstrated predictors of vaccination intention for both primary series and booster vaccines. For booster doses, the influence of susceptibility slightly increased, but the impact of severity, self-efficacy, and cues to action on vaccination intention declined. The impact of susceptibility increased, but severity's effect declined sharply from 2020 to 2022. The influence of barriers slightly declined from 2020 to 2021, but it skyrocketed in 2022. Conversely, the role of self-efficacy dipped in 2022. Susceptibility, severity, and barriers were dominant predictors in Saudi Arabia, but self-efficacy and cues to action had weaker effects in the USA. Susceptibility and severity had a lower impact on students, especially in North America, and barriers had a lower impact on health care workers. However, cues to action and self-efficacy had a dominant influence among parents. The most prevalent modifying variables were age, gender, education, income, and occupation. The results show that HBM is useful in predicting vaccine intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B Limbu
- Feliciano School of Business, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Rajesh K Gautam
- Department of Anthropology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, MP, India
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13
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Soleimanpour H, Sarbazi E, Esmaeili ED, Mehri A, Fam SG, Nikbakht HA, Saadati M, Sedighi S, Vali M, Azizi H. Predictors of receiving COVID-19 vaccine among adult population in Iran: an observational study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:490. [PMID: 36918858 PMCID: PMC10012284 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the best ways to stop the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this regard, uunderstanding the features related to the intention of different populations to receive the COVID-19 vaccine is essential for an effective vaccination program. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination intention predictors in the general adult population of Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted on social networks, including Telegram, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Instagram, and Facebook. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate predictors associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines, including sociodemographic characteristics, trust, worry, sources of information, and conspiracy beliefs. The main outcomes included unwillingness, undecidedness, and intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS Out of 780 respondents, 481 (61.6%) reported an intention to be vaccinated, 214 (27.4%) expressed their undecided status, and 85 (10.9%) reported unwillingness to receive any type of COVID-19 vaccine. A higher age (OR undecided = 0.97, 95% CI (0.96-0.99)), (OR unwilling = 0.97, 95% CI (0.95-0.99)); exposure with COVID-19 (OR unwilling = 0.82, 95% CI (0.76-0.89)), (OR undecided = 0.87, 95% CI (0.83-0.93)) were positively associated with vaccination intentions. No/low trust in vaccines, institutions, concerns about the future of the pandemic, and conspiracy beliefs were strongly and negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions. CONCLUSION Most Iranians intended to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher vaccine acceptance needs to consider demographic features, exposure history, confidence in vaccines, trust in institutions, concerns, and conspiracy beliefs of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Soleimanpour
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sarbazi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad Mehri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Ghaffari Fam
- Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadati
- Department of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Saman Sedighi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hosein Azizi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Niculaescu CE, Sassoon IK, Landa-Avila IC, Colak O, Jun GT, Balatsoukas P. Individual factors influencing public's perceptions about the importance of COVID-19 immunity certificates: a cross-sectional online questionnaire survey in the UK. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e37139. [PMID: 36920837 PMCID: PMC10176144 DOI: 10.2196/37139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how perceptions around immunity certificates are influenced by individual characteristics is important to inform evidence-based policy making and implementation strategies for services around immunity and vaccine certification. OBJECTIVE To assess what were the main individual factors (including health beliefs about COVID-19, vaccination views, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors) influencing people's perception of the importance of using COVID-19 immunity certificates. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey with a nationally representative sample in the UK, conducted on the 3rd of August 2021. Responses were collected and analysed from 534 participants, aged 18 and older, residents of the UK. The primary outcome measure (dependent variable) was the participants' perceived importance of using immunity certificates, computed as an index of six items. The following individual drivers were used as the independent variables: a) personal beliefs about COVID-19 (using constructs adapted from the Health Belief Model), b) personal views on vaccination, c) willingness to share immunity status with service providers, and d) variables related to respondents' lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Perceived importance of immunity certificates was higher among respondents who felt that contracting COVID-19 would have a severe negative impact on their health (β=0.2564, P<.001=0.0000) and felt safer if vaccinated (β =0.1552, P<.001=0.0000). The prospect of future economic recovery positively influenced perceived importance of immunity certificates. Respondents who were employed or self-employed (β=-0.2412, P=.0010), or experienced an increase in income after the COVID-19 pandemic (β=-0.1287, P=.0020) perceived less important the use of immunity certificates compared to those who were unemployed or had retired or those who had experienced reduction in their income during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our survey suggest that more vulnerable members in our society (unemployed or retired and those believing that COVID-19 would have a severe impact on their health) and people who experienced a reduction in income during the pandemic perceived the severity of not using immunity certificates in their daily life as higher. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ozlem Colak
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, Loughborough, GB
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15
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Zou X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Evans R. Predicting COVID-19 vaccination intentions: the roles of threat appraisal, coping appraisal, subjective norms, and negative affect. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 36732695 PMCID: PMC9893978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new disease, communities possess little natural immunity to COVID-19 and vaccines are considered critical to preventing and reducing the incidence of severe illness. This study, inspired by Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), examines the relationship between citizens' threat appraisal, coping appraisal, subjective norms, negative affect, and their COVID-19 vaccination intentions. METHODS A sample of 340 citizens from two main cities in Mainland China, Xi'an and Wuxi, was used for data analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed with latent and observed variables to test hypotheses. Data were analyzed using AMOS 24.0. RESULTS Several findings extend current understanding. Firstly, our proposed model explains 73% of the variance in vaccination intentions. Secondly, perceived severity only indirectly shapes COVID-19 vaccination intentions through negative affect. Thirdly, negative affect and response costs are negatively related to COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Finally, Perceived probability, subjective norms, response efficacy and self-efficacy are positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intentions; among them, self-efficacy contributes the most, followed by response efficacy and subjective norms, and lastly perceived probability. CONCLUSION Theoretically, this study increases current understanding about subjective norms and affective responses. We provoke a certain amount of thought about the role of affect response in relation to threat appraisal and vaccination intentions. Specifically, governments must be vigilant that citizens' negative affect, such as fear, may cause vaccine hesitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zou
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Journalism and New Media, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yangyi Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243School of Journalism and New Media, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Richard Evans
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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16
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Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2023; 5:37-44. [PMID: 36588928 PMCID: PMC9792187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial in controlling the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that triggered the pandemic, but herd immunity can only work with high vaccination coverage in the population. This study aims to measure the COVID-19 knowledge level and determine the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out with 1,274 Malaysian university students in July 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between the study variables. Results showed that the majority of university students had an acceptable level of knowledge of COVID-19. The knowledge, risk perception of COVID-19, social norms, and perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with vaccination intention. However, perceived trust in information sources of COVID-19 vaccination and the government's response to COVID-19 did not affect the university students' desire to receive the vaccination. These findings are essential for health policymakers and healthcare providers to implement evidence-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university students.
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17
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Li XA, Wu QL, Hubbard K, Hwang J, Zhong L. Information-Seeking Behavior for COVID-19 Boosters in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020323. [PMID: 36851201 PMCID: PMC9962535 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As China launches its second COVID-19 booster campaign and races to bring new vaccine technologies to protect against severe COVID-19 infections, there is limited research on how Chinese residents search for vaccine-related information. This study examined the factors influencing Chinese residents' information-seeking behaviors regarding COVID-19 boosters with a sample of 616 respondents with a mean age of 31.53 from a research panel. Structural equation modeling was used to report factors that influenced respondents' seeking intent. The results indicated that seeking-related subjective norms (β = -0.55, p < 0.001), negative affect (β = 0.08, p < 0.05), positive affect (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and perceived knowledge insufficiency (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) are strong predictors of one's seeking intent. We also discovered that there was an inverse relationship between risk perception and positive affect (β = -0.55, p < 0.001) and between negative and positive affect (β = -0.19, p < 0.01), while all measurements were either directly or indirectly related to information-seeking intent. A few more indirect but important relationships were also included in our discussion. In conclusion, the present study helps understand what motivates Chinese residents to seek COVID-19 booster information when limited information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Austin Li
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000 Jintong Rd., Zhuhai 519087, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiwei Luna Wu
- School of Communication, Levin College of Public Affairs and Education, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave., MU 233, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Katharine Hubbard
- Mass Communication Department, Sam Houston State University, 1905 University Ave, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Jooyun Hwang
- Department of Journalism, Public Relations, and Advertising, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Lingzi Zhong
- Department of Communication and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000, Circle of Hope, Room 4513, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Perceived Barriers and Intentions to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines: Psychological Distress as a Moderator. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020289. [PMID: 36851167 PMCID: PMC9967752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high vaccination uptake degree is crucial to achieve herd immunity to COVID-19 and restrict the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the antecedents that reduce or contribute to shaping the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines, as well as how psychological distress-a mental health problem-can reinforce or dampen the translation from antecedents into intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of perceived clinical and access barriers, self-efficacy, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines on the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Simultaneously, the moderation effects of psychological distress on this relationship were also examined. Using a sample of 2722 Vietnamese adults and structural equation modeling (SEM), this study illustrated that self-efficacy and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines were significantly interrelated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Self-efficacy, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines were negatively influenced by perceived access barriers but were positively associated with perceived clinical barriers. Importantly, our study reported that when psychological distress was higher, the link between self-efficacy and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines will become weaker, but the effect of perceived clinical barriers on intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines will be reinforced. Moreover, self-efficacy and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines served as mediators in the linkages between perceived barriers and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Besides providing contributions to the extant COVID-19 vaccine literature, this study provides useful recommendations for practitioners and policymakers to foster adults' COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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19
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Langwerden RJ, Ibañez GE, Contreras-Pérez ME, Contreras HA, Rivero ML, Charles SC, Morris SL, Campa AL, Wagner EF, Hospital MM. A Qualitative Exploration of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Hispanic/Latine and African American and Black Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Florida. Health Equity 2023; 7:166-177. [PMID: 36942313 PMCID: PMC10024580 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic health disparities are more conspicuous in the United States since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the urgency of these disparities was already alarming, the pandemic has exacerbated longstanding issues in health equity, disproportionate impacts, and social determinants of health. Vaccine hesitancy was a crucial factor during the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination campaign. We conducted a qualitative exploration of vaccine hesitancy through thematic analysis of four focus groups with Hispanic/Latine and African American/Black adults and senior citizens (N=23). The focus groups were conducted between February and April of 2021, in both English and Spanish. All participants (mean age=66.2, female 78.3%) were recruited by community-based organizations in the South Florida area. We explored six categories: (1) barriers to prevention and preventive behaviors, (2) barriers to vaccination against COVID-19, (3) facilitators of prevention and preventative behaviors, (4) facilitators of vaccination against COVID-19, (5) trusted sources of information, and (6) suggested macrolevel measures. These categories are discussed vis-à-vis COVID-19 disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. Implications for public health policy and future vaccination campaigns are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Address correspondence to: Robbert J. Langwerden, MSc, Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Academic Health Center 5, Miami, FL 33199, USA,
| | - Gladys E. Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haby Abraham Contreras
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Luzardo Rivero
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sara C. Charles
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Staci L. Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adriana L. Campa
- Institutional Review Board, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric F. Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle M. Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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20
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Biezen R, Kaufman J, Hoq M, Manski-Nankervis JA, Sanci L, Bell JS, Leask J, Seale H, Munro J, Suryawijaya Ong D, Oliver J, Jos C, Tuckerman J, Bagot K, Danchin M. Factors impacting COVID-19 vaccine decision making in older adults and people with underlying conditions in Victoria, Australia: A cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2147770. [PMID: 36573307 PMCID: PMC9891679 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2147770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Australia's COVID-19 vaccine rollout included prioritizing older adults and those with underlying conditions. However, little was known around the factors impacting their decision to accept the vaccine. This study aimed to assess vaccine intentions, information needs, and preferences of people prioritized to receive the COVID-19 vaccine at the start of the Australian vaccine rollout. A cross-sectional online survey of people aged ≥70 years or 18-69 with chronic or underlying conditions was conducted between 12 February and 26 March 2021 in Victoria, Australia. The World Health Organization Behavioural and Social Drivers of COVID-19 vaccination framework and items informed the survey design and framing of results. Bivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between intention to accept a COVID-19 vaccine and demographic characteristics. In total, 1828 eligible people completed the survey. Intention to vaccinate was highest among those ≥70 years (89.6%, n = 824/920) versus those aged 18-69 years (83.8%, n = 761/908), with 91% (n = 1641/1803) of respondents agreeing that getting a COVID-19 vaccine was important to their health. Reported vaccine safety (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) and efficacy (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.3) were associated with intention to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Concerns around serious illness, long-term effects, and insufficient vaccine testing were factors for not accepting a COVID-19 vaccine. Preferred communication methods included discussion with healthcare providers, with primary care providers identified as the most trusted information source. This study identified factors influencing the prioritized public's COVID-19 vaccine decision-making, including information preferences. These details can support future vaccination rollouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Biezen
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,CONTACT Ruby Biezen Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, 780 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic3004, Australia
| | - Jessica Kaufman
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monsurul Hoq
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lena Sanci
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Leask
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Munro
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jane Oliver
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carol Jos
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Tuckerman
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathleen Bagot
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margie Danchin
- Vaccine Uptake Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Mapuranga M, Maunganidze F, Ruggunan S. Get vaccinated or else…employees' perspective on mandatory vaccination in the retail sector in Zimbabwe. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946454. [PMID: 36507033 PMCID: PMC9731306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has resulted in many changes in the world of work. Measures such as remote working, physical distancing, compulsory use of face masks, sanitization among others. With time, a number of medical interventions to deal with the pandemic were developed and availed. Zimbabwe's retail sector was not spared of different vaccines which were meant to curb the virus. Most Zimbabwean organizations made it mandatory for their employees to get vaccinated or risked losing employment. However, less is known about the perceptions of employees toward voluntary vaccination. This gap is important given the strategic nature of employees in an organization. This paper poses the following questions (1) to what extent were employees consulted on the compulsory vaccination? (2) What are the employees' perceptions toward compulsory vaccination? (3) How are employees coping with the mandatory vaccination? The study was premised on the classical work of Kurt Lewin on types of leadership, specifically autocratic-democratic styles. Twenty shopfloor employees from two major retail outlets with functional human resource departments and works councils in Masvingo were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The sample composed of women and men of different age groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The paper argues that employees have a right to be involved in issues that concern them. The study has established four levels of consultation existing on a continuum namely formal and genuine consultations, formal but less genuine consultations, informal consultations, and no consultation at all. The fourth level emerged to have been the most popular among most participants. With regards to employees' perceptions of mandatory vaccination by management, findings have revealed three categories which are, perceived good decision, perceived tight hands on the part of management and the them and us perceptions. Concerning reactions to mandatory vaccination, the study has shown that employees in the retail sector had a number of options to follow. Some went for full vaccination willingly or under duress, while others settled for a single dose. Most participants highlighted that they fraudulently obtained some vaccination cards. These findings support the relevance of engaging employees on matters that affect them. The study has therefore established the importance of genuine consultations between management and employees on issues that pertains the latter.
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22
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Nuttall E, Ives S, White A, Gallagher K, Pynes R, Walters RW, Varman M. Information Sources and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination at a Free Clinic in the State of Nebraska, USA. J Community Health 2022; 48:252-259. [PMID: 36371773 PMCID: PMC9660115 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The full impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are yet to be determined. While highly effective vaccines are available to prevent and decrease the severity of COVID-19 infection, significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains. Understanding motivations, discouraging factors, opinions, and information sources regarding COVID-19 is essential to targeting vaccine hesitancy and improving vaccine uptake. A 25 question survey was administered to the patients of a free clinic in the Midwest to assess patient demographic data, opinions about and experience with COVID-19, the COVID-19 vaccines, and information sources. The main outcome of interest was if vaccination status influenced information sources and opinions regarding COVID-19. This study also analyzed motivating and discouraging factors for vaccination. The study had a total of 104 participants with 7 being excluded. There were a total of 97 survey responses included in this study, there were 79 vaccinated patients and 18 unvaccinated patients. This survey study found differences in information sources between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Opinions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine, public health agencies, and perceived severity of COVID-19 also varied between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The differential information sources and opinions between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups emphasizes the importance of access to high-quality sources and educating the community to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Nuttall
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss Health Sciences Complex II, 2621 Burt Street, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Sarah Ives
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss Health Sciences Complex II, 2621 Burt Street, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Anna White
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss Health Sciences Complex II, 2621 Burt Street, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Kiara Gallagher
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss Health Sciences Complex II, 2621 Burt Street, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Rosemary Pynes
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Criss Health Sciences Complex II, 2621 Burt Street, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Ryan W Walters
- Department of Clinical Research and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, 7710 Mercy Road, Suite 502, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA
| | - Meera Varman
- Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine, 7710 Mercy Road, Suite 602, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA
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Khan W, Khan BM, Yasen S, Al-Dahiri A, Al-Jumeily D, Dajani K, Hussain A. COVID-19 Vaccination and Mental Stress within Diverse Sociodemographic Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12932. [PMID: 36232231 PMCID: PMC9565099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we surveyed 635 participants to determine: (a) major causes of mental stress during the pandemic and its future impacts, and (b) diversity in public perception of the COVID-19 vaccination and its acceptance (specifically for children). Statistical results and intelligent clustering outcomes indicate significant associations between sociodemographic diversity, mental stress causes, and vaccination perception. For instance, statistical results indicate significant dependence between gender (we will use term 'sex' in the rest of the manuscript) and mental stress due to COVID-19 infection (p = 1.7 × 10-5). Over 25% of males indicated work-related stress compared to 35% in females, however, females indicated that they were more stressed (17%) due to relationships compared to males (12%). Around 30% of Asian/Arabic participants do not feel that the vaccination is safe as compared to 8% of white British and 22% of white Europeans, indicating significant dependence (p = 1.8 × 10-8) with ethnicity. More specifically, vaccination acceptance for children is significantly dependent with ethnicity (p = 3.7 × 10-5) where only 47% participants show willingness towards children's vaccination. The primary dataset in this study along with experimental outcomes identifying sociodemographic information diversity with respect to public perception and acceptance of vaccination in children and potential stress factors might be useful for the public and policymakers to help them be better prepared for future epidemics, as well as working globally to combat mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiq Khan
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Bilal M. Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Salwa Yasen
- The Hollies Family Surgery, 10 Elbow Lane, Formby, Liverpool L37 4AF, UK
| | | | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Khalil Dajani
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Abir Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Kalayou MH, Awol SM. Myth and Misinformation on COVID-19 Vaccine: The Possible Impact on Vaccination Refusal Among People of Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Research. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1859-1868. [PMID: 36213385 PMCID: PMC9534150 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s366730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To prevent the spread of COVID-19 and carry out a successful vaccination program especially in low-income countries, people must have faith on scientists and health experts. The most significant challenge to vaccination programs’ efficacy is now regarded to be a lack of information and trust in immunization due to myths and misinformation spread in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the myth and misconceptions that are propagated about the COVID-19 vaccine, the refusal rate of the vaccine and determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 7 to January 25, 2022. Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire were used to collect data on the variables. Data were entered into the statistical tool Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression, both bivariable and multivariable, was conducted. In the multivariable binary logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant factors based on a p value less than 0.05. Results Out of the total 574 respondents, 60.3% [95% CI (55.5, 64.2)] of them refused to take COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, respondent’s age [AOR = 2.1 at 95% CI: (1.8, 4.9)], perception on COVID-19 vaccine [AOR = 3.0 at 95 CI: (1.9, 4.6)], eHealth literacy [AOR = 2.7 at 95% CI: (1.7, 4.1)], source of information about the vaccine [AOR = 2.9 at 95% CI: (1.9, 4.4)], computer literacy [AOR = 2.8 at 95 CI: (1.8, 4.2)] and frequency of internet use [AOR = 2.2 at 95 CI: (1.8, 5.3)] were identified as determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion Factors like eHealth literacy, source of information about the vaccine, frequency of internet use, respondent’s perception about the vaccine and computer literacy were found to be determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Mulugeta Hayelom Kalayou, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Shekur Mohammed Awol
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Deng H, Seelig MI, Sun LY. Understanding Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination on U.S. college campuses. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35881811 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines Chinese international students' underlying beliefs and overall perception of the flu vaccination to inform effective health promotion efforts on U.S. college campuses. Participants: Data were collected in March 2020. Participants (N = 189) were recruited via email at a southeastern university in the U.S. Methods: Incorporating theory recommendations and recent vaccine-related research findings, this study designs a Four-Factor Measurement Model through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination. Results: Chinese international students' health beliefs, particularly their perceived susceptibility of the influenza virus, was the most important factor to explain their perception of flu vaccination. While normative beliefs were the least influential factor to account for Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination, these students valued healthcare providers' opinions immensely. Conclusions: This study suggests the Four-Factor Measurement Model will help measure Chinese international students' perception of flu vaccination and can be applied to future vaccine-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Deng
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle I Seelig
- Department of Interactive Media, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Léi Y Sun
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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26
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Ajana B, Engstler E, Ismail A, Kousta M. Perceptions and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines: narratives from members of the UK public. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-17. [PMID: 35789880 PMCID: PMC9244123 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the paper is to enhance understanding of how members of the public make sense of the Covid-19 vaccines and to understand the factors influencing their attitudes towards such artefacts of pandemic governance. Methods The paper draws on 23 online in-depth interviews with members of the UK public and builds on relevant literature to examine participants' perceptions of the benefits and risks of Covid-19 vaccines, the sources that have shaped their attitudes, and the level of trust they have towards the government's handling of the pandemic through vaccines. Results The findings indicate that participants generally felt that the benefits of having the vaccine outweigh the risks and that Covid-19 vaccines are a crucial mechanism for enabling society to return to normal. Vaccine acceptance was, for some, strongly linked to a sense of social responsibility and the duty to protect others. However, some participants expressed concerns with regard to the side-effects of Covid-19 vaccines and their perceived potential impact on fertility and DNA makeup. Participants used various sources of information to learn about Covid-19 vaccines and understand their function, benefits, and risks. The majority of participants criticised the government's response during the early stages of the pandemic yet felt positive about the vaccine rollout. Conclusion Just as with any other vaccination programme, the success of the Covid-19 immunisation campaigns does not only depend on the efficacy of the vaccines themselves or the ability to secure access to them, but also on a myriad of other factors which include public compliance and trust in governments and health authorities. To support an effective immunisation campaign that is capable of bringing the pandemic to an end, governments need to understand public concerns, garner trust, and devise adequate strategies for engaging the public and building more resilient societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btihaj Ajana
- Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, Strand Campus, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Elena Engstler
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, Brixton SE5 9RT UK
| | - Anas Ismail
- Department of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Marina Kousta
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, Bush House, North East Wing, 40 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG UK
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27
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Wang CH, Jones J, Hilliard ME, Tully C, Monaghan M, Marks BE, Hildebrandt T, Streisand R. Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:883-891. [PMID: 35689648 PMCID: PMC9214142 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine psychosocial, sociodemographic, medical, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experiences as correlates of COVID-19 vaccination intentions among parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods 121 parents of children with T1D (Mchild age = 7.78 ± 1.70; MA1c = 8.3% ± 1.5%) in the mid-Atlantic and Southwest regions completed self-report measures in February to March 2021. Results Parents’ general vaccination behaviors and attitudes were associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Child insurance type and social distancing adherence were associated with vaccination intention in the Southwest site. Higher A1c was associated with lower intention. Vaccine safety was the top reported concern. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccination intentions are important to address in parents of youth with health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Jones
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie Tully
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brynn E Marks
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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28
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Hong W, Lu X, Wu L, Pu X. Analysis of factors influencing public attention to masks during the COVID-19 epidemic-Data from Sina Weibo. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:6469-6488. [PMID: 35730267 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As we all know, vaccination still does not protect people from novel coronavirus infections, and wearing masks remains essential. Research on mask attention is helpful to understand the public's cognition and willingness to wear masks, but there are few studies on mask attention in the existing literature. The health belief model used to study disease prevention behaviors is rarely applied to the research on mask attention, and the research on health belief models basically entails the use of a questionnaire survey. This study was purposed to establish a health belief model affecting mask attention to explore the relationship between perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, perceived impairment, action cues and mask attention. On the basis of the establishment of the hypothesis model, the Baidu index of epidemic and mask attention, the number of likes and comments on Weibo, and the historical weather temperature data were retrieved by using software. Keyword extraction and manual screening were carried out for Weibo comments, and then the independent variables and dependent variables were coded. Finally, through binomial logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and action cues have significant influences on mask attention, and that the accuracy rate for predicting low attention is 93.4%, and the global accuracy is 84.3%. These conclusions can also help suppliers make production decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinhang Lu
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linhai Wu
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xujin Pu
- Food Safety Research Base of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute for Food Safety Risk Management, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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29
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Niculaescu CE, Sassoon I, Landa-Avila IC, Colak O, Jun GT, Balatsoukas P. Why 'one size fits all' is not enough when designing COVID-19 immunity certificates for domestic use: a UK-wide cross-sectional online survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058317. [PMID: 35428643 PMCID: PMC9013794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study explored public's willingness to use COVID-19 immunity certificates across six different domestic scenarios. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING UK representative survey conducted on 3 August 2021. PARTICIPANTS 534 UK residents over 18 years old. INTERVENTIONS Participants replied to the same set of questions. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was willingness to use immunity certificates across three different domestic settings: (1) visiting the general practitioner (GP) for a non-urgent health issue; (2) dining in a restaurant and (3) attending a performance in a theatre. For each setting two options, one prioritising convenience (option A) and the other privacy (option B), were offered. Our secondary outcome measures were computed indices from items adapted from the Health Belief Model; attitudes towards sharing immunity status with service providers; prior to COVID-19 lifestyle. In addition, we recorded data about respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Respondents were more willing to use immunity certificates that prioritised convenience (92%), rather than privacy (76%), when visiting their GP . However, privacy was more favourable in the other two settings (dining in a restaurant (84%) and going to a theatre (83%)) compared with convenience (38% and 39% respectively). Personal beliefs about COVID-19 and immunity certificates were associated with variations in willingness to use these across all scenarios. No variations were observed across sociodemographics and lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this survey suggest that there is not one-size-fits-all solution for designing immunity certificates. Immunity certificates are complex sociotechnical systems, any attempt to implement these for domestic use should be tailored to different settings and user needs. The design of certification services requires a more evidence-based approach and further research is needed to understand how different settings, design elements (like convenience or privacy) and personal beliefs about the pandemic should inform their design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Sassoon
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Ozlem Colak
- School of Design and Creative Arts, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Gyuchan Thomas Jun
- School of Design and Creative Arts, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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30
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Langwerden RJ, Wagner EF, Hospital MM, Morris SL, Cueto V, Carrasquillo O, Charles SC, Perez KR, Contreras-Pérez ME, Campa AL. A Latent Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Trusted Sources of Information among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in South Florida. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:545. [PMID: 35455294 PMCID: PMC9031496 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By the spring of 2021, most of the adult U.S. population became eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Yet, by the summer of 2021, the vaccination rate stagnated. Given the immense impact COVID-19 has had on society and individuals, and the surge of new variant strains of the virus, it remains urgent to better understand barriers to vaccination, including the impact of variations in trusted sources of COVID-19 information. The goal of the present study was to conduct a cross-sectional, community-engaged, and person-centered study of trusted sources of COVID-19 information using latent profile analysis (LPA). The aims were to (1) identify the number and nature of profiles of trusted sources of COVID-19 information, and (2) determine whether the trust profiles were predictive of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and various demographic categories. Participants included mostly racial and ethnic minority individuals (82.4%) recruited by various community-based agencies in South Florida. The LPA evidenced an optimal 3-class solution characterized by low (n = 80)-, medium (n = 147)-, and high (n = 52)-trust profiles, with high trust statistically significantly predictive of vaccination willingness. The profiles identified could be important targets for public health dissemination efforts to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The general level of trust in COVID-19 information sources was found to be an important factor in predicting COVID-19 vaccination willingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Eric F. Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michelle M. Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Staci L. Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Victor Cueto
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Olveen Carrasquillo
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Sara C. Charles
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Katherine R. Perez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Adriana L. Campa
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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31
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Song S, Zang S, Gong L, Xu C, Lin L, Francis MR, Hou Z. Willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing and vaccination in urban China during the low-risk period: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:556. [PMID: 35313843 PMCID: PMC8935604 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular testing and vaccination are effective measures to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence on the willingness and uptake of the COVID-19 testing is scarce, and the willingness and uptake of vaccination may change as the pandemic evolves. This study aims to examine willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination during a low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban China. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 2244 adults in urban China. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare the respondents' willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Multivariate logistic regressions were fitted to investigate factors associated with the willingness and uptake of the two measures. RESULTS In early 2021, about half (52.45%) of the respondents had received or scheduled a COVID-19 test at least once, and a majority (95.63%) of the respondents were willing to receive testing. About two-thirds (63.28%) of the respondents had received/scheduled or were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness and uptake of COVID-19 testing were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics, except for occupation. Being of older age, migrants, having higher educational attainment and secure employment were associated with a higher uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed respondents, while willingness to vaccinate was consistent across socio-demographic characteristics among those who had not been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS By early 2021, Chinese adults expressed almost universal willingness of COVID-19 testing and over half of adults have been tested, while the willingness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination were relatively low at the low-risk period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining willingness of COVID-19 vaccination is critical and necessary, especially when the pandemic evolved into a low-risk period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shujie Zang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liubing Gong
- Chizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Chizhou, Anhui province, China
| | - Cuilin Xu
- Yuhuatai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark R Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Trends in COVID-19 Vaccination Intent, Determinants and Reasons for Vaccine Hesitancy: Results from Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in the Adult General Population of Greece during November 2020-June 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030470. [PMID: 35335102 PMCID: PMC8950863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to achieving large-scale COVID-19 vaccination. We report trends in vaccination intention and associated determinants from surveys in the adult general population in Greece. Four cross-sectional phone surveys were conducted in November 2020 and February, April and May 2021 on nationally representative samples of adults in Greece. Multinomial logistic regression was used on the combined data of the surveys to evaluate independent predictors of vaccination unwillingness/uncertainty. Vaccination intention increased from 67.6% in November 2020 to 84.8% in May 2021. Individuals aged 65 years or older were more willing to be vaccinated (May 2021: 92.9% vs. 79.5% in 18−39 years, p < 0.001) but between age-groups differences decreased over time. Vaccination intention increased substantially in both men and women, though earlier among men, and was higher in individuals with prograduate education (May 2021: 91.3% vs. 84.0% up to junior high). From multivariable analysis, unwillingness and/or uncertainty to be vaccinated was associated with younger age, female gender (in particular in the April 2021 survey), lower educational level and living with a child ≤12 years old. Among those with vaccine hesitancy, concerns about vaccine effectiveness declined over time (21.6% in November 2020 vs. 9.6% in May 2021, p = 0.014) and were reported more often by men; safety concerns remained stable over time (66.3% in November 2020 vs. 62.1% in May 2021, p = 0.658) and were reported more often by women. In conclusion, vaccination intention increased substantially over time. Tailored communication is needed to address vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding vaccine safety.
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Wang Y, Liu Y. Multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: A rapid systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2022; 25:101673. [PMID: 34934611 PMCID: PMC8675390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a challenge for the success and optimal implementation of COVID-19 immunization programs in the US. The objective of this study was to summarize multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention in the US to inform future intervention opportunities. To this end, we conducted a rapid systematic review by searching published articles via PubMed published by October 5, 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines. One hundred and six articles were included. According to nationally representative studies, the overall COVID-19 acceptance rate ranges from 53.6% to 84.4%. Individual (demographics, health history, behaviors and health beliefs), interpersonal (having a close friend/family member impacted by COVID-19), healthcare and societal level factors (healthcare provider recommendations, source/credential of COVID-19 related information, and COVID-19 related conspiracy theories) all contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the US. This study demonstrates that the acceptance to COVID-19 vaccines is influenced by various factors, particularly the role of healthcare providers in enhancing public intent to vaccination. Potential interventions to mitigate people's concerns over the vaccines and address vaccine-related conspiracy/misinformation from social media are also critical to encourage vaccine uptake in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, BOX 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Blvd, BOX 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Han K, Francis MR, Xia A, Zhang R, Hou Z. Influenza vaccination uptake and its determinants during the 2019-2020 and early 2020-2021 flu seasons among migrants in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1-8. [PMID: 35021017 PMCID: PMC8973321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccination coverage has generally been low in mainland China. However, few studies have attempted to measure influenza vaccination coverage among internal migrants in China who are at an increased risk of influenza infections. This study assessed influenza vaccination coverage and the factors associated with vaccination uptake among internal migrants in Shanghai, China. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a sample of migrants residing in Shanghai during November 1–20, 2020, to investigate vaccination uptake during the 2019–20 and early 2020–21 flu seasons (September to November 2020). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with influenza vaccination uptake for the two flu seasons. About a quarter, 26.3%, and 24.4% of respondents reported receiving an influenza vaccination during the 2019–20 and early 2020–2021 flu seasons, respectively. Respondents who were divorced or widowed, had more household members (2 or ≥ 3), and considered themselves in good health were more likely to receive an influenza vaccine, regardless of the season. Respondents who perceived that they were highly susceptible to influenza and COVID-19 and those who reported ever consulting a medical professional about COVID-19 were more likely to have received a flu vaccination in the early 2020–21 flu season. The uptake of influenza vaccination among internal migrants in Shanghai was suboptimal. We found a range of factors linked to influenza vaccination uptake, pointing to the need for more in-depth evaluations on the underlying reasons driving the vaccination uptake among vulnerable populations in China, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Han
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark R Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aichen Xia
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Disparities in Delaware Caregiver Beliefs about the COVID-19 Vaccine for their Children. Dela J Public Health 2021; 7:64-71. [PMID: 35619974 PMCID: PMC9124553 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe sociodemographic disparities in caregiver beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine for their children. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, linking caregiver-reported data to geocoded sociodemographic data from child EHRs. Caregivers of children receiving care in a Delaware pediatric healthcare system were invited to complete a survey about COVID-19 vaccine beliefs from March 19 to April 16, 2021. Results 1499 caregivers participated (18% Black, 11% Hispanic, 32% public insurance, 12% rural). 54% of caregivers intended to vaccinate their children, while 34% were unsure and 12% would not. Caregivers of younger children (aOR 3.70, CI 2.36-5.79), Black children (aOR 2.11, CI 1.50-2.96), and from disadvantaged communities (aOR 1.59, CI 1.05-2.42) were more likely to be unsure and not vaccinate their children. Caregivers from rural communities were more likely not to vaccinate their children (aOR 2.51, CI 1.56-4.05). Fewer caregivers of younger children, Black children, and from disadvantaged communities believed in the safety or efficacy of the vaccines (p < 0.001), while fewer caregivers of younger children and from rural communities believed in their children’s susceptibility to COVID-19 or risk of getting severe disease from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). While the majority (72%) of caregivers were influenced by health experts, fewer from communities of color and disadvantaged communities were (p<0.001). Conclusions Caregivers of younger children and from communities of color, rural communities, and disadvantaged communities in Delaware expressed more COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Policy implications This study explores beliefs of different communities in Delaware, which are important to tailoring public health messaging and strategies to increase vaccine uptake in these communities.
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Among sheeples and antivaxxers: Social media responses to COVID-19 vaccine news posted by Canadian news organizations, and recommendations to counter vaccine hesitancy. Can Commun Dis Rep 2021; 47:524-533. [PMID: 35018140 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v47i12a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To create a successful public health initiative that counters vaccine hesitancy and promotes vaccine acceptance, it is essential to gain a strong understanding of the beliefs, attitudes and subjective risk perceptions of the population. Methods A qualitative analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine discourse from 3,731 social media posts on the Twitter and Facebook accounts of six Canadian news organizations was used to identify the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and intentions of Canadian news organizations' social media commenters toward taking a COVID-19 vaccine. Results Four main themes were identified: 1) COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy concerns; 2) conspiracy theories stemming from mistrust in government and other organizations; 3) a COVID-19 vaccine is unnecessary because the virus is not dangerous; and 4) trust in COVID-19 vaccines as a safe solution. Based on themes and subthemes, several key communication recommendations were developed for promotion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, including infographics championed by Public Health that highlight the benefits of the vaccine for those who have received it, public education about the contents and safety of the vaccine and eliciting an emotional connection through personal stories of those impacted by COVID-19. Conclusion Specific considerations, such as leveraging the public's trust in healthcare professionals to act as a liaison between Public Health and the Canadian public to communicate the benefits of the vaccine against COVID-19 and its variants, may help reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Patwary MM, Bardhan M, Disha AS, Hasan M, Haque MZ, Sultana R, Hossain MR, Browning MHEM, Alam MA, Sallam M. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among the Adult Population of Bangladesh Using the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1393. [PMID: 34960138 PMCID: PMC8707510 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is undoubtedly one of the most effective strategies to halt the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to investigate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and its associated factors using two health behavior change frameworks: the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A total of 639 Bangladeshi adults (mean age: 24 years) participated in a cross-sectional online study between July and August 2021. The questionnaire covered questions regarding vaccine intentions, sociodemographic features, health status, perceived trust in/satisfaction with health authorities, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and factors related to the health behavior change frameworks. Hierarchical logistic regression was employed to determine associations between these predictors and vaccine acceptance. The intention to get a COVID-19 vaccination was expressed among 85% of the participants. In fully adjusted models, students and respondents with more normal body weights reported higher intentions to get vaccinated. Respondents were also more likely to seek vaccination if they reported greater levels of perceived susceptibility, benefits, and cues to action, as well as lower levels of barriers and self-efficacy. Fear of future vaccine side effects was the most common reason for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and was expressed by 94% of the vaccine-hesitant respondents. These factors should be considered by health authorities in Bangladesh and perhaps other countries when addressing the plateauing COVID-19 vaccination rates in many populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.M.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.M.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
| | - Asma Safia Disha
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.M.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.)
- Environmental Technology and Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Zahidul Haque
- Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh; (M.M.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.D.); (M.Z.H.)
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
| | - Rabeya Sultana
- Environmental Science Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Riad Hossain
- Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the Public in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168836. [PMID: 34444585 PMCID: PMC8394561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (uncertainty or unwillingness to receive vaccinations) is a major barrier to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in the long term. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the public in Kuwait, to understand their attitudes towards vaccines in general, and to identify predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4147 adults aged ≥ 18 years. The snowball sampling strategy was used for data collection through social media and e-mails. A total of 3061 (73.8%) respondents indicated that they were vaccinated or intending to be vaccinated against the COVID-19 infection, while 1086 (26.2%) expressed their vaccine hesitancy. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were the concerns about the vaccine’s possible side effects, its rushed development, and its efficacy in preventing the infection. Over half (57.2%) of respondents expressed intermediate to high levels of negative attitude towards vaccines in general. On the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the findings revealed that vaccine hesitancy was significantly more prevalent among respondents aged 30–64 years; females; married or divorced; residents of Hawalli, Al-Farwaniyah, Al-Jahra, and Mubarak Al-Kabeer; had intermediate monthly average income; non-smokers; not feeling worried about catching the infection; do not know whether any of their family members have been infected or died because of COVID-19 infection; do not have a large extent of confidence in the Kuwait health system’s ability to handle the pandemic; did not receive influenza vaccine during the last year; refused or elected to forego a doctor-recommended vaccine; did not receive adequate information from the public health authorities/healthcare providers about the COVID-19 vaccines; none of their first-degree family members received or were intending to receive the vaccine; and expressed intermediate to high levels of negative attitudes towards vaccines in general. The present findings provide a steer as to the groups that most need to be reached to increase the rates of vaccine uptake.
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Noushad M, Nassani MZ, Koppolu P, Alsalhani AB, Samran A, Alqerban A, Abusalim GS, Barakat A, Alshalhoub MB, Rastam S. Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:892. [PMID: 34452017 PMCID: PMC8402383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term solution to managing the current COVID-19 pandemic is through mass immunization of the population. However, uncertainty or unwillingness to receive the vaccine could be a barrier in attaining sufficient vaccine coverage. Therefore, understanding the psychology of the population towards the vaccines against COVID-19 is of paramount importance. Our study was aimed at determining the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine intention in the Saudi Arabian population. A structured questionnaire guided by the 'Report of the SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy' was administered during a span of two months among the general population from all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia, proceeding the launch of the vaccination campaign. In total, 879 out of 1600 subjects responded and completed the survey (response rate 54.9%). About 56 percent of the participants intended to be vaccinated. The predictors of a higher intention to vaccinate included those 50 years of age or older, male subjects, people suffering from systemic disease/s, subjects who were not previously infected with COVID-19, those who follow the updates about COVID-19 vaccines, and adults with a higher level of anxiety about contracting coronavirus (p < 0.05). Results from our study and other similar studies can aid policy makers and stakeholders in planning effective strategies based on the changing behavior of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.N.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (M.B.A.)
- Biomaterials Unit, Health Campus, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.N.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Pradeep Koppolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (P.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Anas B. Alsalhani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Vision Colleges, Riyadh 11691, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.N.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (M.B.A.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (P.K.); (A.A.)
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Salim Abusalim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.N.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Mashari Bandar Alshalhoub
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13313, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.N.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Samer Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh 11691, Saudi Arabia;
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COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080835. [PMID: 34451960 PMCID: PMC8402529 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused largescale morbidity and mortality and a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Healthcare workers (HCWs) require adequate protection to avoid onward transmission and minimize burden on the healthcare system. Moreover, HCWs can also influence the general public into accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, determining COVID-19 vaccine intention among HCWs is of paramount importance to plan tailor-made public health strategies to maximize vaccine coverage. A structured questionnaire was administered in February and March 2021 among HCWs in Saudi Arabia using convenience sampling, proceeding the launch of the vaccination campaign. HCWs from all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia were included in the study. In total, 674 out of 1124 HCWs responded and completed the survey (response rate 59.9%). About 65 percent of the HCWs intended to get vaccinated. The intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among HCWs 50 years of age or older, Saudi nationals and those who followed the updates about COVID-19 vaccines (p < 0.05). The high percentage (26 percent) of those who were undecided in getting vaccinated is a positive sign. As the vaccination campaign gathers pace, the attitude is expected to change over time. Emphasis should be on planning healthcare strategies to convince the undecided HCWs into accepting the vaccine in order to achieve the coverage required to achieve herd immunity.
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Perceived Susceptibility to and Seriousness of COVID-19: Associations of Risk Perceptions with Changes in Smoking Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147621. [PMID: 34300072 PMCID: PMC8307925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have documented increased and decreased cigarette smoking among adults. Individual differences in the perceived susceptibility and seriousness of the virus, for people who smoke in general and for oneself personally, may relate to changes in smoking. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework, we examined associations with self-reported increasing and decreasing smoking a lot during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period. Adults in 30 large U.S. cities who smoked cigarettes daily completed an online survey between 14 July and 30 November 2020. The analytic sample (N = 2768) was 54.0% male and 68.3% white with 23.7% reporting increasing and 11.3% decreasing smoking (6% reported both). Younger age, a diagnosis of COVID-19, and greater pandemic-related stress were associated with greater odds of both increased and decreased smoking. Increased smoking also was associated with heavier nicotine dependence, greater desire to quit, and greater perceived susceptibility and lower perceived seriousness of COVID-19 for people who smoke, while pandemic-related job-loss, lower nicotine dependence, and greater self-efficacy were associated with decreased smoking. Among respondents who had not contracted COVID-19 (n = 2418), correlates were similar with the addition of greater perceived personal susceptibility to COVID-19 associated with both increased and decreased smoking, while greater perceived personal seriousness of COVID-19 was associated with increased smoking. Findings for risk perceptions were largely in directions that contradict the HBM. Circumstances surrounding behavior change during the pandemic are complex and may be especially complex for nicotine addiction.
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Yan E, Lai DWL, Lee VWP. Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the General Public in Hong Kong: Findings from a Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070696. [PMID: 34202016 PMCID: PMC8310118 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19. Understanding factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines is the key to a successful vaccination programme. This cross-sectional study explored the rate of vaccination intention and identified its predictors using the health belief model (HBM) in the general population in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 via telephone surveys. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 1255 adults (>18 years, 53% female) completed the telephone survey. Overall, 42% indicated an intention to vaccinate, 31.5% showed vaccine hesitancy, and 26.5% reported refusal to receive any COVID-19 vaccines. Individuals who were men, older in age, working, with past experiences of other pandemics, less concerned with the vaccine safety, with poorer knowledge about COVID-19, and having greater levels of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, cues to action, and acceptance of governmental preventive measures related to COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report an intention to vaccinate. The low intention among the Hong Kong population reflects the importance of developing effective vaccination promotion campaigns with the predictors identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2766-5733; Fax: +852-2773-6558
| | - Daniel W. L. Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Baptist University Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Vincent W. P. Lee
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
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