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Roesmann F, Sertznig H, Klaassen K, Wilhelm A, Heininger D, Heß S, Elsner C, Marschalek R, Santiago ML, Esser S, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Widera M. The interferon-regulated host factor hnRNPA0 modulates HIV-1 production by interference with LTR activity, mRNA trafficking, and programmed ribosomal frameshifting. J Virol 2024; 98:e0053424. [PMID: 38899932 PMCID: PMC11265465 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00534-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between host factors and viral components impacts viral replication efficiency profoundly. Members of the cellular heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family (hnRNPs) have been extensively studied as HIV-1 host dependency factors, but whether they play a role in innate immunity is currently unknown. This study aimed to identify hnRNPA0 as a type I interferon (IFN)-repressed host factor in HIV-1-infected cells. Knockdown of hnRNPA0, a situation that mirrors conditions under IFN stimulation, increased LTR activity, export of unspliced HIV-1 mRNA, viral particle production, and thus, increased infectivity. Conversely, hnRNPA0 overexpression primarily reduced plasmid-driven and integrated HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) activity, significantly decreasing total viral mRNA and protein levels. In addition, high levels of hnRNPA0 significantly reduced the HIV-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting efficiency, resulting in a shift in the HIV-1 p55/p15 ratio. The HIV-1 alternative splice site usage remained largely unaffected by altered hnRNPA0 levels suggesting that the synergistic inhibition of the LTR activity and viral mRNA transcription, as well as impaired ribosomal frameshifting efficiency, are critical factors for efficient HIV-1 replication regulated by hnRNPA0. The pleiotropic dose-dependent effects under high or low hnRNPA0 levels were further confirmed in HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells. Finally, our study revealed that hnRNPA0 levels in PBMCs were lower in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected individuals compared to healthy controls. Our findings highlight a significant role for hnRNPA0 in HIV-1 replication and suggest that its IFN-I-regulated expression levels are critical for viral fitness allowing replication in an antiviral environment.IMPORTANCERNA-binding proteins, in particular, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), have been extensively studied. Some act as host dependency factors for HIV-1 since they are involved in multiple cellular gene expression processes. Our study revealed hnRNPA0 as an IFN-regulated host factor, that is differently expressed after IFN-I treatment in HIV-1 target cells and lower expressed in therapy-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals. Our findings demonstrate the significant pleiotropic role of hnRNPA0 in viral replication: In high concentrations, hnRNPA0 limits viral replication by negatively regulating Tat-LTR transcription, retaining unspliced mRNA in the nucleus, and significantly impairing programmed ribosomal frameshifting. Low hnRNPA0 levels as observed in IFN-treated THP-1 cells, particularly facilitate HIV LTR activity and unspliced mRNA export, suggesting a role in innate immunity in favor of HIV replication. Understanding the mode of action between hnRNPA0 and HIV-1 gene expression might help to identify novel therapeutically strategies against HIV-1 and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Roesmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helene Sertznig
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katleen Klaassen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Wilhelm
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Delia Heininger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heß
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-associated Diseases University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, HPSTD Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-associated Diseases University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for the Research on HIV and AIDS-associated Diseases University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Virology, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wang C, Li C, Zhang R, Huang L. Macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles for the treatment of infectious diseases. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042003. [PMID: 38740051 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad4aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases severely threaten human health, and traditional treatment techniques face multiple limitations. As an important component of immune cells, macrophages display unique biological properties, such as biocompatibility, immunocompatibility, targeting specificity, and immunoregulatory activity, and play a critical role in protecting the body against infections. The macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles not only maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles but also inherit the characteristics of macrophages, making them excellent tools for improving drug delivery and therapeutic implications in infectious diseases (IDs). In this review, we describe the characteristics and functions of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles and their advantages and challenges in ID therapy. We first summarize the pathological features of IDs, providing insight into how to fight them. Next, we focus on the classification, characteristics, and preparation of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles. Finally, we comprehensively describe the progress of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles in combating IDs, including drug delivery, inhibition and killing of pathogens, and immune modulation. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Gai Y, Duan S, Wang S, Liu K, Yu X, Yang C, Li G, Zhou Y, Yu B, Wu J, Wang C, Yu X. Design of Vif-Derived Peptide Inhibitors with Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Interrupting Vif-CBFβ Interaction. Viruses 2024; 16:490. [PMID: 38675833 PMCID: PMC11053914 DOI: 10.3390/v16040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major functions of the accessory protein Vif of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is to induce the degradation of APOBEC3 (A3) family proteins by recruiting a Cullin5-ElonginB/C-CBFβ E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to facilitate viral replication. Therefore, the interactions between Vif and the E3 complex proteins are promising targets for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs. Here, peptides are designed for the Vif-CBFβ interaction based on the sequences of Vif mutants with higher affinity for CBFβ screened by a yeast surface display platform. We identified two peptides, VMP-63 and VMP-108, that could reduce the infectivity of HIV-1 produced from A3G-positive cells with IC50 values of 49.4 μM and 55.1 μM, respectively. They protected intracellular A3G from Vif-mediated degradation in HEK293T cells, consequently increasing A3G encapsulation into the progeny virions. The peptides could rapidly enter cells after addition to HEK293T cells and competitively inhibit the binding of Vif to CBFβ. Homology modeling analysis demonstrated the binding advantages of VMP-63 and VMP-108 with CBFβ over their corresponding wild-type peptides. However, only VMP-108 effectively restricted long-term HIV-1 replication and protected A3 functions in non-permissive T lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that competitive Vif-derived peptides targeting the Vif-CBFβ interaction are promising for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Sizhu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Shiqi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Xin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Chumeng Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Guoqing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.G.); (S.D.); (S.W.); (X.Y.); (C.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.Z.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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Zhang S, Guo Y, Hu Y, Gao X, Bai F, Ding Q, Hou K, Wang Z, Sun X, Zhao H, Qu Z, Xu Q. The role of APOBEC3C in modulating the tumor microenvironment and stemness properties of glioma: evidence from pancancer analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242972. [PMID: 37809064 PMCID: PMC10551170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now understood that APOBEC3 family proteins (A3s) are essential in tumor progression, yet their involvement in tumor immunity and stemness across diverse cancer types remains poorly understood. Methods In the present study, comprehensive genome-wide statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to elucidate A3 family expression patterns, establishing clinically relevant correlations with prognosis, the tumor microenvironment(TME), immune infiltration, checkpoint blockade, and stemness across cancers. Different experimental techniques were applied, including RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, sphere formation assays, Transwell migration assays, and wound-healing assays, to investigate the impact of A3C on low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as well as its function in glioma stem cells(GSCs). Results Dysregulated expression of A3s was observed in various human cancer tissues. The prognostic value of A3 expression differed across cancer types, with a link to particularly unfavorable outcomes in gliomas. A3s are associated with the the TME and stemness in multiple cancers. Additionally, we developed an independent prognostic model based on A3s expression, which may be an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with glioma. Subsequent validation underscored a strong association between elevated A3C expression and adverse prognostic outcomes, higher tumor grades, and unfavorable histology in glioma. A potential connection between A3C and glioma progression was established. Notably, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses implicated A3C in immune system-related diseases, with heightened A3C levels contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioma. Furthermore, in vitro experiments substantiated the role of A3C in sustaining and renewing glioma stem cells, as A3C deletion led to diminished proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells. Conclusion The A3 family exhibits heterogeneous expression across various cancer types, with its expression profile serving as a predictive marker for overall survival in glioma patients. A3C emerges as a regulator of glioma progression, exerting its influence through modulation of the tumor microenvironment and regulation of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoudu Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yugang Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofang Gao
- The Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Revogene Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fanghui Bai
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Kaiqi Hou
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The Department of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou Revogene Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongyu Qu
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang central Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Xia X, Zhang AM. Genetic polymorphisms in the C19orf66 gene influenced HIV-1 infection in a Yunnan population. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16005. [PMID: 37701839 PMCID: PMC10493081 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the deficiencies of vaccines and effective medicine, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection mechanism should be studied. The C19orf66 gene, one of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), expresses broad-spectra anti-viral activity, including inhibiting HIV replication. Methods In this study, we collect 421 HIV-1 infected patients and 448 controls to genotype three SNPs in the C19orf66 gene. Then, the association between SNPs and biochemical indices/ HIV-1 subtypes are analyzed. Results Genotypes CC and CT of rs12611087 show statistically lower and higher frequencies in HIV-1 infected patients than in controls, respectively. Alleles C and T of rs12611087 play protective and risk roles in Yunnan HIV population, respectively. Biochemical indices analysis shows that HIV-1 infected persons carried genotype TT of rs77076061 express significantly lower CD3+/CD45+ ratio level and higher IBIL level. The epidemic subtypes of HIV-1 patients in this study are CRF 07_BC and CRF 08_BC. Moreover, subtype CRF 08_BC tends to infect persons with genotype CC of rs12611087. Conclusion The genetic polymorphisms of the C19orf66 gene are firstly studied and reported to associate with HIV-1 infection and biochemical indices of patients in Yunnan. Furthermore, subtype CRF 08_BC infection could be influenced by genotypes of SNP in the C19orf66 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiang Zhang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li Liu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Mezzetti E, Costantino A, Leoni M, Pieretti R, Di Paolo M, Frati P, Maiese A, Fineschi V. Autoimmune Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Summary for Forensic Practice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1364. [PMID: 37629654 PMCID: PMC10456745 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune heart disease is a non-random condition characterised by immune system-mediated aggression against cardiac tissue. Cardiac changes often exhibit nonspecific features and, if unrecognised, can result in fatal outcomes even among seemingly healthy young individuals. In the absence of reliable medical history, the primary challenge lies in differentiating between the various cardiopathies. Numerous immunohistochemical and genetic studies have endeavoured to characterise distinct types of cardiopathies, facilitating their differentiation during autopsy examinations. However, the presence of a standardised protocol that forensic pathologists can employ to guide their investigations would be beneficial. Hence, this summary aims to present the spectrum of autoimmune cardiopathies, including emerging insights such as SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiopathies, and proposes the utilisation of practical tools, such as blood markers, to aid forensic pathologists in their routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mezzetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Matteo Leoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Rebecca Pieretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (V.F.)
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.L.); (R.P.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.); (V.F.)
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Lu Y, Pang W, Zhang MD, Song JH, Shen F, He WQ, Zheng YT. A Novel Vpu Adaptive Mutation of HIV-1 Degrades Tetherin in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) Mainly via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Increases Viral Release. J Virol 2023; 97:e0020023. [PMID: 36971578 PMCID: PMC10134834 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00200-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetherin prevents viral cross-species transmission by inhibiting the release of multiple enveloped viruses from infected cells. With the evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz), a pandemic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) precursor, its Vpu protein can antagonize human tetherin (hTetherin). Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaque [NPM]) is susceptible to HIV-1, but host-specific restriction factors limit virus replication in vivo. In this study, we isolated the virus from NPMs infected with strain stHIV-1sv (with a macaque-adapted HIV-1 env gene from simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-KB9, a vif gene replaced by SIVmac239, and other genes originating from HIV-1NL4.3) and found that a single acidic amino acid substitution (G53D) in Vpu could increase its ability to degrade the tetherin of macaques (mTetherin) mainly through the proteasome pathway, resulting in an enhanced release and resistance to interferon inhibition of the mutant stHIV-1sv strain, with no influence on the other functions of Vpu. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has obvious host specificity, which has greatly hindered the construction of animal models and severely restricted the development of HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. To overcome this barrier, we attempted to isolate the virus from NPMs infected with stHIV-1sv, search for a strain with an adaptive mutation in NPMs, and develop a more appropriate nonhuman primate model of HIV-1. This is the first report identifying HIV-1 adaptations in NPMs. It suggests that while tetherin may limit HIV-1 cross-species transmission, the Vpu protein in HIV-1 can overcome this species barrier through adaptive mutation, increasing viral replication in the new host. This finding will be beneficial to building an appropriate animal model for HIV-1 infection and promoting the development of HIV-1 vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Man-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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8
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Picker LJ, Lifson JD, Gale M, Hansen SG, Früh K. Programming cytomegalovirus as an HIV vaccine. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:287-304. [PMID: 36894436 PMCID: PMC10089689 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The initial development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a vaccine vector for HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was predicated on its potential to pre-position high-frequency, effector-differentiated, CD8+ T cells in tissues for immediate immune interception of nascent primary infection. This goal was achieved and also led to the unexpected discoveries that non-human primate (NHP) CMVs can be programmed to differentially elicit CD8+ T cell responses that recognize viral peptides via classical MHC-Ia, and/or MHC-II, and/or MHC-E, and that MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses can uniquely mediate stringent arrest and subsequent clearance of highly pathogenic SIV, an unprecedented type of vaccine-mediated protection. These discoveries delineate CMV vector-elicited MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells as a functionally distinct T cell response with the potential for superior efficacy against HIV-1, and possibly other infectious agents or cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
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Chantharath A, Demonti A, Maurel A. [Mammalian IFITM against HIV: For a better understanding of their antiviral mechanisms]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:397-399. [PMID: 37094277 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Chantharath
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences, Lyon, France
| | - Alicia Demonti
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Maurel
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences, Lyon, France
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10
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FUBP3 Degrades the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces the Production of Type I Interferon. J Virol 2022; 96:e0061822. [PMID: 35695513 PMCID: PMC9278154 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the globally distributed alphacoronavirus that can cause lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, causing substantial economic damage. However, the current commercial vaccines cannot effectively the existing diseases. Thus, it is of great necessity to identify the host antiviral factors and the mechanism by which the host immune system responds against PEDV infection required to be explored. The current work demonstrated that the host protein, the far upstream element-binding protein 3 (FUBP3), could be controlled by the transcription factor TCFL5, which could suppress PEDV replication through targeting and degrading the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the virus based on selective autophagy. For the ubiquitination of the N protein, FUBP3 was found to recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8/MARCHF8, which was then identified, transported to, and degraded in autolysosomes via NDP52/CALCOCO2 (cargo receptors), resulting in impaired viral proliferation. Additionally, FUBP3 was found to positively regulate type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and activate the IFN-I signaling pathway by interacting and increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Collectively, this study showed a novel mechanism of FUBP3-mediated virus restriction, where FUBP3 was found to degrade the viral N protein and induce IFN-I production, aiming to hinder the replication of PEDV. IMPORTANCE PEDV refers to the alphacoronavirus that is found globally and has re-emerged recently, causing severe financial losses. In PEDV infection, the host activates various host restriction factors to maintain innate antiviral responses to suppress virus replication. Here, FUBP3 was detected as a new host restriction factor. FUBP3 was found to suppress PEDV replication via the degradation of the PEDV-encoded nucleocapsid (N) protein via E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 as well as the cargo receptor NDP52/CALCOCO2. Additionally, FUBP3 upregulated the IFN-I signaling pathway by interacting with and increasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) expression. This study further demonstrated that another layer of complexity could be added to the selective autophagy and innate immune response against PEDV infection are complicated.
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11
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Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
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12
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Chintala K, Mohareer K, Banerjee S. Dodging the Host Interferon-Stimulated Gene Mediated Innate Immunity by HIV-1: A Brief Update on Intrinsic Mechanisms and Counter-Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716927. [PMID: 34394123 PMCID: PMC8358655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host restriction factors affect different phases of a viral life cycle, contributing to innate immunity as the first line of defense against viruses, including HIV-1. These restriction factors are constitutively expressed, but triggered upon infection by interferons. Both pre-integration and post-integration events of the HIV-1 life cycle appear to play distinct roles in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of which encode antiviral restriction factors. However, HIV-1 counteracts the mechanisms mediated by these restriction factors through its encoded components. Here, we review the recent findings of pathways that lead to the induction of ISGs, and the mechanisms employed by the restriction factors such as IFITMs, APOBEC3s, MX2, and ISG15 in preventing HIV-1 replication. We also reflect on the current understanding of the counter-mechanisms employed by HIV-1 to evade innate immune responses and overcome host restriction factors. Overall, this mini-review provides recent insights into the HIV-1-host cross talk bridging the understanding between intracellular immunity and research avenues in the field of therapeutic interventions against HIV-1.
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13
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Abstract
Viral envelope glycoproteins are an important structural component on the surfaces of enveloped viruses that direct virus binding and entry and also serve as targets for the host adaptive immune response. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of action of the MARCH family of cellular proteins that disrupt the trafficking and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins across several virus families. An emerging class of cellular inhibitory proteins has been identified that targets viral glycoproteins. These include the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that, among other functions, downregulate cell surface proteins involved in adaptive immunity. The RING-CH domain of MARCH proteins is thought to function by catalyzing the ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of target proteins, leading to their degradation. MARCH proteins have recently been reported to target retroviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). However, the mechanism of antiviral activity remains poorly defined. Here we show that MARCH8 antagonizes the full-length forms of HIV-1 Env, VSV-G, Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboV-GP), and the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thereby impairing the infectivity of virions pseudotyped with these viral glycoproteins. This MARCH8-mediated targeting of viral glycoproteins requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING-CH domain. We observe that MARCH8 protein antagonism of VSV-G is CT dependent. In contrast, MARCH8-mediated targeting of HIV-1 Env, EboV-GP, and SARS-CoV-2 S protein by MARCH8 does not require the CT, suggesting a novel mechanism of MARCH-mediated antagonism of these viral glycoproteins. Confocal microscopy data demonstrate that MARCH8 traps the viral glycoproteins in an intracellular compartment. We observe that the endogenous expression of MARCH8 in several relevant human cell types is rapidly inducible by type I interferon. These results help to inform the mechanism by which MARCH proteins exert their antiviral activity and provide insights into the role of cellular inhibitory factors in antagonizing the biogenesis, trafficking, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins.
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14
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Lun CM, Waheed AA, Majadly A, Powell N, Freed EO. Mechanism of Viral Glycoprotein Targeting by Membrane-associated-RING-CH Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.25.428025. [PMID: 33532773 PMCID: PMC7852266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.25.428025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An emerging class of cellular inhibitory proteins has been identified that targets viral glycoproteins. These include the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that, among other functions, downregulate cell-surface proteins involved in adaptive immunity. The RING-CH domain of MARCH proteins is thought to function by catalyzing the ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of target proteins, leading to their degradation. MARCH proteins have recently been reported to target retroviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). However, the mechanism of antiviral activity remains poorly defined. Here we show that MARCH8 antagonizes the full-length forms of HIV-1 Env, VSV-G, Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboV-GP), and the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) thereby impairing the infectivity of virions pseudotyped with these viral glycoproteins. This MARCH8-mediated targeting of viral glycoproteins requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING-CH domain. We observe that MARCH8 protein antagonism of VSV-G is CT dependent. In contrast, MARCH8-mediated targeting of HIV-1 Env, EboV-GP and SARS-CoV-2 S protein by MARCH8 does not require the CT, suggesting a novel mechanism of MARCH-mediated antagonism of these viral glycoproteins. Confocal microscopy data demonstrate that MARCH8 traps the viral glycoproteins in an intracellular compartment. We observe that the endogenous expression of MARCH8 in several relevant human cell types is rapidly inducible by type I interferon. These results help to inform the mechanism by which MARCH proteins exert their antiviral activity and provide insights into the role of cellular inhibitory factors in antagonizing the biogenesis, trafficking, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Man Lun
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Alhlam Majadly
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Nicole Powell
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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15
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Sauter MM, Brandt CR. Knockdown of TRIM5α or TRIM11 increases lentiviral vector transduction efficiency of human Muller cells. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108436. [PMID: 33440192 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the expression and distribution of the host restriction factors (RFs) TRIM5α and TRIM11 in non-human primate (NHP) neural retina tissue and the human Muller cell line MIO-M1. In addition, experiments were performed to determine the effect of TRIM5α and TRIM11 knockdown on FIVGFP transduction of MIO-M1 cells with the goal of devising strategies to increase the efficiency of lentiviral (LV) gene delivery. Immunofluorescence (IF) studies indicated that TRIM5α and TRIM11 were localized predominantly in nuclei within the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) of NHP retina tissue. Double label IF indicated that TRIM5α and TRIM11 were localized to some of the retinal Muller cell nuclei. MIO-M1 cells expressed TRIM5α predominantly in the nucleus and TRIM11 primarily in the cytosol. FIVGFP transduction efficiency was significantly increased, at 4 and 7 days post transduction, in TRIM5α and TRIM11 knockdown clones (KD) compared to WT MIO-M1 cells. In addition, pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased the transduction efficiency of FIVGFP in WT MIO-M1 cells. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), at 72 h post FIVGFP transduction, was enhanced in TRIM5α and TRIM11 KD clones. The expression of TRIM5α and TRIM11 in macaque neural retina tissue and MIO-M1 cells indicate the presence of these RFs in NHP retina and human Muller cells. Our data indicate that even partial knockdown of TRIM5α or TRIM11, or a short proteasome inhibitor pretreatment, can increase the transduction efficiency of a LV vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Sauter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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16
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Duan S, Wang S, Song Y, Gao N, Meng L, Gai Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang C, Yu B, Wu J, Yu X. A novel HIV-1 inhibitor that blocks viral replication and rescues APOBEC3s by interrupting vif/CBFβ interaction. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14592-14605. [PMID: 32817167 PMCID: PMC7586213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV remains a health challenge worldwide, partly because of the continued development of resistance to drugs. Therefore, it is urgent to find new HIV inhibitors and targets. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 family members (APOBEC3) are important host restriction factors that inhibit HIV-1 replication by their cytidine deaminase activity. HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) promotes proteasomal degradation of APOBEC3 proteins by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, in which core-binding factor β (CBFβ) is a necessary molecular chaperone. Interrupting the interaction between Vif and CBFβ can release APOBEC3 proteins to inhibit HIV-1 replication and may be useful for developing new drug targets for HIV-1. In this study, we identified a potent small molecule inhibitor CBFβ/Vif-3 (CV-3) of HIV-1 replication by employing structure-based virtual screening using the crystal structure of Vif and CBFβ (PDB: 4N9F) and validated CV-3's antiviral activity. We found that CV-3 specifically inhibited HIV-1 replication (IC50 = 8.16 µm; 50% cytotoxic concentration >100 µm) in nonpermissive lymphocytes. Furthermore, CV-3 treatment rescued APOBEC3 family members (human APOBEC3G (hA3G), hA3C, and hA3F) in the presence of Vif and enabled hA3G packaging into HIV-1 virions, which resulted in Gly-to-Ala hypermutations in viral genomes. Finally, we used FRET to demonstrate that CV-3 inhibited the interaction between Vif and CBFβ by simultaneously forming hydrogen bonds with residues Gln-67, Ile-102, and Arg-131 of CBFβ. These findings demonstrate that CV-3 can effectively inhibit HIV-1 by blocking the interaction between Vif and CBFβ and that this interaction can serve as a new target for developing HIV-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lina Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanxin Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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17
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NF-κB-Interacting Long Noncoding RNA Regulates HIV-1 Replication and Latency by Repressing NF-κB Signaling. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01057-20. [PMID: 32581100 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01057-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB-interacting long noncoding RNA (NKILA) was recently identified as a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling and plays an important role in the development of various cancers. It is well known that NF-κB-mediated activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven gene expression is required for HIV-1 transcription and reactivation of latency. However, whether NKILA plays essential roles in HIV-1 replication and latency is unclear. Here, by ectopic expression and silencing experiments, we demonstrate that NKILA potently inhibits HIV-1 replication in an NF-κB-dependent manner by suppressing HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. Moreover, NKILA showed broad-spectrum inhibition on the replication of HIV-1 clones with different coreceptor tropisms as well as on LTR activity of various HIV-1 clinical subtypes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that NKILA expression abolishes the recruitment of p65 to the duplicated κB binding sites in the HIV-1 LTR. NKILA mutants disrupting NF-κB inhibition also lost the ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication. Notably, HIV-1 infection or reactivation significantly downregulated NKILA expression in T cells in order to facilitate viral replication. Downregulated NKILA was mainly due to reduced acetylation of histone K27 on the promoter of NKILA by HIV-1 infection, which blocks NKILA expression. Knockdown of NKILA promoted the reactivation of latent HIV-1 upon phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation, while ectopic NKILA suppressed the reactivation in a well-established clinical model of withdrawal of azidothymidine (AZT) in vitro These findings improve our understanding of the functional suppression of HIV-1 replication and latency by NKILA through NF-κB signaling.IMPORTANCE The NF-κB pathway plays key roles in HIV-1 replication and reactivation of HIV-1 latency. A regulator inhibiting NF-κB activation may be a promising therapeutic strategy against HIV-1. Recently, NF-κB-interacting long noncoding RNA (NKILA) was identified to suppress the development of different human cancers by inhibiting IκB kinase (IKK)-induced IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB pathway activation, whereas the relationship between NKILA and HIV-1 replication is still unknown. Here, our results show that NKILA inhibits HIV-1 replication and reactivation by suppressing HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription initiation. Moreover, NKILA inhibited the replication of HIV-1 clones with different coreceptor tropisms. This project may reveal a target for the development of novel anti-HIV drugs.
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18
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Amanya SB, Nyiro B, Waswa F, Obura B, Nakaziba R, Nabulime E, Katabazi AF, Nabatanzi R, Bayiyana A, Mboowa G, Kayongo A, Wayengera M, Sande OJ. Variations in Trim5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 elite controllers and non controllers in Uganda: a laboratory-based cross-sectional study. Retrovirology 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32631377 PMCID: PMC7339491 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite Motif Containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α), a restriction factor produced ubiquitously in cells and tissues of the body plays an important role in the immune response against HIV. TRIM5α targets the HIV capsid for proteosomal destruction. Cyclophilin A, an intracellular protein has also been reported to influence HIV infectivity in a cell-specific manner. Accordingly, variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes have been documented to influence HIV-1 disease progression. However, these variations have not been documented among Elite controllers in Uganda and whether they play a role in viral suppression remains largely undocumented. Our study focused on identifying the variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 Elite controllers and non-controllers in Uganda. RESULTS From the sequence analysis, the rs10838525 G > A mutation in exon 2 of TRIM5α was only found among elite controllers (30%) while the rs3824949 in the 5'UTR was seen among 25% of the non-controllers. In the Cyclophilin A promoter, rs6850 was seen among 62.5% of the non-controllers and only among 10% elite controllers. Furthermore, rs17860048 in the Cyclophillin A promoter was predominantly seen among elite controllers (30%) and 12.5% non-controllers. From gene expression analysis, we noted that the respective genes were generally elevated among elite controllers, however, this difference was not statistically significant (TRIM5α p = 0.6095; Cyclophilin A p = 0.6389). CONCLUSION Variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophillin A promoter may influence HIV viral suppression. The rs10838525 SNP in TRIM5α may contribute to viral suppression among HIV-1 elite controllers. The rs6850 in the cyclophillin A gene may be responsible for HIV-1 rapid progression among HIV-1 non-controllers. These SNPs should be investigated mechanistically to determine their precise role in HIV-1 viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bright Amanya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lira University, Lira, Uganda ,grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Waswa
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Eva Nabulime
- grid.436163.50000 0004 0648 1108Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Lab, Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ashaba Fred Katabazi
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose Nabatanzi
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda ,grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, McKinnell Knowledge Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Kayongo
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Misaki Wayengera
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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19
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Abstract
Genetic alleles that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral infections and virally induced diseases have often been first identified in mice before humans due to the significant advantages of the murine system for genetic studies. Herein we review multiple discoveries that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions, all made using genetic mapping tools in mice. Factors that have been identified include innate and adaptive immunity genes that contribute to host defense against pathogenic viruses such as herpes viruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses, and coronaviruses. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that affect infectious disease outcomes will aid the development of personalized treatment and preventive strategies for pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kane
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA
| | - Tatyana V Golovkina
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;
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20
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Waheed AA, Swiderski M, Khan A, Gitzen A, Majadly A, Freed EO. The viral protein U (Vpu)-interacting host protein ATP6V0C down-regulates cell-surface expression of tetherin and thereby contributes to HIV-1 release. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7327-7340. [PMID: 32291285 PMCID: PMC7247306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host proteins with antiviral activity have evolved as first-line defenses to suppress viral replication. The HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein U (Vpu) enhances release of the virus from host cells by down-regulating the cell-surface expression of the host restriction factor tetherin. However, the exact mechanism of Vpu-mediated suppression of antiviral host responses is unclear. To further understand the role of host proteins in Vpu's function, here we carried out yeast two-hybrid screening and identified the V0 subunit C of vacuolar ATPase (ATP6V0C) as a Vpu-binding protein. To examine the role of ATP6V0C in Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation and HIV-1 release, we knocked down ATP6V0C expression in HeLa cells and observed that ATP6V0C depletion impairs Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation, resulting in defective HIV-1 release. We also observed that ATP6V0C overexpression stabilizes tetherin expression. This stabilization effect was specific to ATP6V0C, as overexpression of another subunit of the vacuolar ATPase, ATP6V0C″, had no effect on tetherin expression. ATP6V0C overexpression did not stabilize CD4, another target of Vpu-mediated degradation. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that the ATP6V0C-stabilized tetherin is sequestered in a CD63- and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)-positive intracellular compartment. These results indicate that the Vpu-interacting protein ATP6V0C plays a role in down-regulating cell-surface expression of tetherin and thereby contributes to HIV-1 assembly and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702.
| | - Maya Swiderski
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ali Khan
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ariana Gitzen
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ahlam Majadly
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Eric O Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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21
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Forlani G, Shallak M, Ramia E, Tedeschi A, Accolla RS. Restriction factors in human retrovirus infections and the unprecedented case of CIITA as link of intrinsic and adaptive immunity against HTLV-1. Retrovirology 2019; 16:34. [PMID: 31783769 PMCID: PMC6884849 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity against pathogens evolved through complex mechanisms that only for sake of simplicity are defined as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Indeed innate and adaptive immunity are strongly intertwined each other during evolution. The complexity is further increased by intrinsic mechanisms of immunity that rely on the action of intracellular molecules defined as restriction factors (RFs) that, particularly in virus infections, counteract the action of pathogen gene products acting at different steps of virus life cycle. Main body and conclusion Here we provide an overview on the nature and the mode of action of restriction factors involved in retrovirus infection, particularly Human T Leukemia/Lymphoma Virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection. As it has been extensively studied by our group, special emphasis is given to the involvement of the MHC class II transactivator CIITA discovered in our laboratory as regulator of adaptive immunity and subsequently as restriction factor against HIV-1 and HTLV-1, a unique example of dual function linking adaptive and intrinsic immunity during evolution. We describe the multiple molecular mechanisms through which CIITA exerts its restriction on retroviruses. Of relevance, we review the unprecedented findings pointing to a concerted action of several restriction factors such as CIITA, TRIM22 and TRIM19/PML in synergizing against retroviral replication. Finally, as CIITA profoundly affects HTLV-1 replication by interacting and inhibiting the function of HTLV-1 Tax-1 molecule, the major viral product associated to the virus oncogenicity, we also put forward the hypothesis of CIITA as counteractor of HTLV-1-mediated cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Mariam Shallak
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Elise Ramia
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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22
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Huang PT, Summers BJ, Xu C, Perilla JR, Malikov V, Naghavi MH, Xiong Y. FEZ1 Is Recruited to a Conserved Cofactor Site on Capsid to Promote HIV-1 Trafficking. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2373-2385.e7. [PMID: 31422020 PMCID: PMC6736649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 uses the microtubule network to traffic the viral capsid core toward the nucleus. Viral nuclear trafficking and infectivity require the kinesin-1 adaptor protein FEZ1. Here, we demonstrate that FEZ1 directly interacts with the HIV-1 capsid and specifically binds capsid protein (CA) hexamers. FEZ1 contains multiple acidic, poly-glutamate stretches that interact with the positively charged central pore of CA hexamers. The FEZ1-capsid interaction directly competes with nucleotides and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) that bind at the same location. In addition, all-atom molecular dynamic (MD) simulations establish the molecular details of FEZ1-capsid interactions. Functionally, mutation of the FEZ1 capsid-interacting residues significantly reduces trafficking of HIV-1 particles toward the nucleus and early infection. These findings support a model in which the central capsid hexamer pore is a general HIV-1 cofactor-binding hub and FEZ1 serves as a unique CA hexamer pattern sensor to recognize this site and promote capsid trafficking in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Huang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Brady James Summers
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chaoyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Juan R Perilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Viacheslav Malikov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Putatunda R, Ho WZ, Hu W. HIV-1 and Compromised Adult Neurogenesis: Emerging Evidence for a New Paradigm of HAND Persistence. AIDS Rev 2019; 21:11-22. [PMID: 30899112 DOI: 10.24875/aidsrev.19000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The face of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic has changed significantly thanks to the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Unfortunately, several HIV-associated comorbidities continuously occur in the clinical population, most notably HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). While many molecular and cellular mechanisms have been characterized by describing HAND pathology (specifically neuroinflammatory insults and oxidative stress) in the ART era, compromised adult neurogenesis is emerging as a potential new mechanism. Neurogenesis is a dynamic process that generates new neurons and glial cells from neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in specific areas of the brain. There are increasing observations that HIV-1 can productively and non-productively infect NSCs and NPCs. HIV-1 proteins and/or secondary immune/inflammatory responses impair the initial differentiation process of NSCs to NPCs, restrict neuronal lineage differentiation, and aberrantly promote astrocytic lineage differentiation. Recent studies with HIV-1 transgenic animal models demonstrate varying degrees of adult neurogenic deficits, which correlate with milder to moderate forms of neurocognitive impairments. The neurogenic dysfunction underlying HAND highlights the importance of developing potential therapeutics to restore adult neurogenic homeostasis in HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Putatunda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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D Urbano V, De Crignis E, Re MC. Host Restriction Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1): A Dynamic Interplay Involving All Phases of the Viral Life Cycle. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:184-207. [PMID: 30117396 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180817115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have evolved several mechanisms to prevent or block lentiviral infection and spread. Among the innate immune mechanisms, the signaling cascade triggered by type I interferon (IFN) plays a pivotal role in limiting the burden of HIV-1. In the presence of IFN, human cells upregulate the expression of a number of genes, referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of them acting as antiviral restriction factors (RFs). RFs are dominant proteins that target different essential steps of the viral cycle, thereby providing an early line of defense against the virus. The identification and characterization of RFs have provided unique insights into the molecular biology of HIV-1, further revealing the complex host-pathogen interplay that characterizes the infection. The presence of RFs drove viral evolution, forcing the virus to develop specific proteins to counteract their activity. The knowledge of the mechanisms that prevent viral infection and their viral counterparts may offer new insights to improve current antiviral strategies. This review provides an overview of the RFs targeting HIV-1 replication and the mechanisms that regulate their expression as well as their impact on viral replication and the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Urbano
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa De Crignis
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Re
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Valle-Casuso JC, Angin M, Volant S, Passaes C, Monceaux V, Mikhailova A, Bourdic K, Avettand-Fenoel V, Boufassa F, Sitbon M, Lambotte O, Thoulouze MI, Müller-Trutwin M, Chomont N, Sáez-Cirión A. Cellular Metabolism Is a Major Determinant of HIV-1 Reservoir Seeding in CD4 + T Cells and Offers an Opportunity to Tackle Infection. Cell Metab 2019; 29:611-626.e5. [PMID: 30581119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV persists in long-lived infected cells that are not affected by antiretroviral treatment. These HIV reservoirs are mainly located in CD4+ T cells, but their distribution is variable in the different subsets. Susceptibility to HIV-1 increases with CD4+ T cell differentiation. We evaluated whether the metabolic programming that supports the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells affected their susceptibility to HIV-1. We found that differences in HIV-1 susceptibility between naive and more differentiated subsets were associated with the metabolic activity of the cells. Indeed, HIV-1 selectively infected CD4+ T cells with high oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, independent of their activation phenotype. Moreover, partial inhibition of glycolysis (1) impaired HIV-1 infection in vitro in all CD4+ T cell subsets, (2) decreased the viability of preinfected cells, and (3) precluded HIV-1 amplification in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Our results elucidate the link between cell metabolism and HIV-1 infection and identify a vulnerability in tackling HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Valle-Casuso
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mathieu Angin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Passaes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anastassia Mikhailova
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Katia Bourdic
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 7327 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- INSERM U1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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26
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Welch JL, Stapleton JT, Okeoma CM. Vehicles of intercellular communication: exosomes and HIV-1. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:350-366. [PMID: 30702421 PMCID: PMC7011712 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms extracellular vesicles, microvesicles, oncosomes, or exosomes are often used interchangeably as descriptors of particles that are released from cells and comprise a lipid membrane that encapsulates nucleic acids and proteins. Although these entities are defined based on a specific size range and/or mechanism of release, the terminology is often ambiguous. Nevertheless, these vesicles are increasingly recognized as important modulators of intercellular communication. The generic characterization of extracellular vesicles could also be used as a descriptor of enveloped viruses, highlighting the fact that extracellular vesicles and enveloped viruses are similar in both composition and function. Their high degree of similarity makes differentiating between vesicles and enveloped viruses in biological specimens particularly difficult. Because viral particles and extracellular vesicles are produced simultaneously in infected cells, it is necessary to separate these populations to understand their independent functions. We summarize current understanding of the similarities and differences of extracellular vesicles, which henceforth we will refer to as exosomes, and the enveloped retrovirus, HIV-1. Here, we focus on the presence of these particles in semen, as these are of particular importance during HIV-1 sexual transmission. While there is overlap in the terminology and physical qualities between HIV-1 virions and exosomes, these two types of intercellular vehicles may differ depending on the bio-fluid source. Recent data have demonstrated that exosomes from human semen serve as regulators of HIV-1 infection that may contribute to the remarkably low risk of infection per sexual exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Welch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, 604 Highway 6, Iowa City, IA 52246-2208, USA
| | - Jack T. Stapleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, 604 Highway 6, Iowa City, IA 52246-2208, USA
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Pharmacologic Sciences, Basic Sciences Tower, Rm 8-142, Stony Brook, University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
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27
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Ali H, Mano M, Braga L, Naseem A, Marini B, Vu DM, Collesi C, Meroni G, Lusic M, Giacca M. Cellular TRIM33 restrains HIV-1 infection by targeting viral integrase for proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:926. [PMID: 30804369 PMCID: PMC6389893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Productive HIV-1 replication requires viral integrase (IN), which catalyzes integration of the viral genome into the host cell DNA. IN, however, is short lived and is rapidly degraded by the host ubiquitin-proteasome system. To identify the cellular factors responsible for HIV-1 IN degradation, we performed a targeted RNAi screen using a library of siRNAs against all components of the ubiquitin-conjugation machinery using high-content microscopy. Here we report that the E3 RING ligase TRIM33 is a major determinant of HIV-1 IN stability. CD4-positive cells with TRIM33 knock down show increased HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA formation, while those overexpressing the factor display opposite effects. Knock down of TRIM33 reverts the phenotype of an HIV-1 molecular clone carrying substitution of IN serine 57 to alanine, a mutation known to impair viral DNA integration. Thus, TRIM33 acts as a cellular factor restricting HIV-1 infection by preventing provirus formation. HIV-1 integration into host DNA is mediated by the viral integrase (IN). Here, using siRNA screen and high-content microscopy, the authors identify the host E3 RING ligase TRIM33 to affect IN stability and show that TRIM33 prevents viral integration by triggering IN proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Miguel Mano
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Luca Braga
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Marini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Ulisse BioMed S.r.l., AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Diem My Vu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Lusic
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,University Hospital Heidelberg and German Center for Infection Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9N, UK. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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28
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Increased SAMHD1 transcript expression correlates with interferon-related genes in HIV-1-infected patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:679-691. [PMID: 30564919 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the contribution of SAMHD1 to HIV-1 infection in vivo and its relationship with IFN response, the expression of SAMHD1 and IFN-related pathways was evaluated in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 388 HIV-1-infected patients, both therapy naïve (n = 92) and long-term HAART treated (n = 296), and from 100 gender and age-matched healthy individuals were examined. CD4+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes and gut biopsies were also analyzed in HIV-1-infected subjects on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Gene expression levels of SAMDH1, ISGs (MxA, MxB, HERC5, IRF7) and IRF3 were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR assays. RESULTS SAMHD1 levels in HIV-1-positive patients were significantly increased compared to those in healthy donors. SAMHD1 expression was enhanced in treated patients compared to naïve patients (p < 0.0001) and healthy donors (p = 0.0038). Virologically suppressed treated patients exhibited higher SAMHD1 levels than healthy donors (p = 0.0008), viraemic patients (p = 0.0001) and naïve patients (p < 0.0001). SAMHD1 levels were also increased in CD4+ T cells compared to those in CD14+ monocytes and in PBMC compared to those of GALT. Moreover, SAMHD1 was expressed more strongly than ISGs in HIV-1-infected patients and positive correlations were found between SAMHD1, ISGs and IRF3 levels. CONCLUSIONS SAMHD1 is more strongly expressed than the classical IFN-related genes, increased during antiretroviral therapy and correlated with ISGs and IRF3 in HIV-1-infected patients.
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29
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Keown JR, Black MM, Ferron A, Yap M, Barnett MJ, Pearce FG, Stoye JP, Goldstone DC. A helical LC3-interacting region mediates the interaction between the retroviral restriction factor Trim5α and mammalian autophagy-related ATG8 proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18378-18386. [PMID: 30282803 PMCID: PMC6254359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The retroviral restriction factor tripartite motif–containing 5α (Trim5α) acts during the early postentry stages of the retroviral life cycle to block infection by a broad range of retroviruses, disrupting reverse transcription and integration. The mechanism of this restriction is poorly understood, but it has recently been suggested to involve recruitment of components of the autophagy machinery, including members of the mammalian autophagy-related 8 (ATG8) family involved in targeting proteins to the autophagosome. To better understand the molecular details of this interaction, here we utilized analytical ultracentrifugation to characterize the binding of six ATG8 isoforms and determined the crystal structure of the Trim5α Bbox coiled-coil region in complex with one member of the mammalian ATG8 proteins, autophagy-related protein LC3 B (LC3B). We found that Trim5α binds all mammalian ATG8s and that, unlike the typical LC3-interacting region (LIR) that binds to mammalian ATG8s through a β-strand motif comprising approximately six residues, LC3B binds to Trim5α via the α-helical coiled-coil region. The orientation of the structure demonstrated that LC3B could be accommodated within a Trim5α assembly that can bind the retroviral capsid. However, mutation of the binding interface does not affect retroviral restriction. Comparison of the typical linear β-strand LIR with our atypical helical LIR reveals a conservation of the presentation of residues that are required for the interaction with LC3B. This observation expands the range of LC3B-binding proteins to include helical binding motifs and demonstrates a link between Trim5α and components of the autophagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Keown
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Moyra M Black
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Ferron
- the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Melvyn Yap
- the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barnett
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - F Grant Pearce
- the School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand, and
| | | | - David C Goldstone
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,; the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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30
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Equine Myxovirus Resistance Protein 2 Restricts Lentiviral Replication by Blocking Nuclear Uptake of Capsid Protein. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00499-18. [PMID: 29743377 PMCID: PMC6146692 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00499-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the antiviral ability of Mx2s is confined to primates, particularly humans. EIAV has been shown to be insensitive to restriction by human MxB. Here, we describe the function of equine Mx2. This protein plays an important role in the suppression of EIAV, HIV-1, and SIVs. The antiviral activity of eqMx2 depends on its subcellular location as well as its capsid binding capacity. Our results showed that following viral infection, eqMx2 changes its original cytoplasmic location and accumulates at the nuclear envelope, where it binds to the viral capsid and blocks the nuclear entry of reverse-transcribed proviral DNAs. In contrast, huMxB does not bind to the EIAV capsid and shows no EIAV restriction effect. These studies expand our understanding of the function of the equine Mx2 protein. Human myxovirus resistance protein 2 (huMxB) has been shown to be a determinant type I interferon (IFN)-induced host factor involved in the inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as well as many other primate lentiviruses. This blocking occurs after the reverse transcription of viral RNA and ahead of integration into the host DNA, which is closely connected to the ability of the protein to bind the viral capsid. To date, Mx2s derived from nonprimate animals have shown no capacity for HIV-1 suppression. In this study, we examined the restrictive effect of equine Mx2 (eqMx2) on both equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and HIV-1 and investigated possible mechanisms for its specific function. We demonstrated that IFN-α/β upregulates the expression of eqMx2 in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs). The overexpression of eqMx2 significantly suppresses the replication of EIAV, HIV-1, and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) but not that of murine leukemia virus (MLV). The knockdown of eqMx2 transcription weakens the inhibition of EIAV replication by type I interferon. Interestingly, data from immunofluorescence assays suggest that the subcellular localization of eqMx2 changes following virus infection, from being dispersed in the cytoplasm to being accumulated at the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, eqMx2 blocks the nuclear uptake of the proviral genome by binding to the viral capsid. The N-terminally truncated mutant of eqMx2 lost the ability to bind the viral capsid as well as the restriction effect for lentiviruses. These results improve our understanding of the Mx2 protein in nonprimate animals. IMPORTANCE Previous research has shown that the antiviral ability of Mx2s is confined to primates, particularly humans. EIAV has been shown to be insensitive to restriction by human MxB. Here, we describe the function of equine Mx2. This protein plays an important role in the suppression of EIAV, HIV-1, and SIVs. The antiviral activity of eqMx2 depends on its subcellular location as well as its capsid binding capacity. Our results showed that following viral infection, eqMx2 changes its original cytoplasmic location and accumulates at the nuclear envelope, where it binds to the viral capsid and blocks the nuclear entry of reverse-transcribed proviral DNAs. In contrast, huMxB does not bind to the EIAV capsid and shows no EIAV restriction effect. These studies expand our understanding of the function of the equine Mx2 protein.
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Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:82/1/e00051-17. [PMID: 29321222 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00051-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of lentiviral vectors for therapeutic purposes has shown promising results in clinical trials. The ability to produce a clinical-grade vector at high yields remains a critical issue. One possible obstacle could be cellular factors known to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, five HIV restriction factors have been identified, although it is likely that more factors are involved in the complex HIV-cell interaction. Inhibitory factors that have an adverse effect but do not abolish virus production are much less well described. Therefore, a gap exists in the knowledge of inhibitory factors acting late in the HIV life cycle (from transcription to infection of a new cell), which are relevant to the lentiviral vector production process. The objective was to review the HIV literature to identify cellular factors previously implicated as inhibitors of the late stages of lentivirus production. A search for publications was conducted on MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, using the keyword sequence "HIV restriction factor" or "HIV restriction" or "inhibit HIV" or "repress HIV" or "restrict HIV" or "suppress HIV" or "block HIV," with a publication date up to 31 December 2016. Cited papers from the identified records were investigated, and additional database searches were performed. A total of 260 candidate inhibitory factors were identified. These factors have been identified in the literature as having a negative impact on HIV replication. This study identified hundreds of candidate inhibitory factors for which the impact of modulating their expression in lentiviral vector production could be beneficial.
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Forlani G, Accolla RS. Tripartite Motif 22 and Class II Transactivator Restriction Factors: Unveiling Their Concerted Action against Retroviruses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1362. [PMID: 29093716 PMCID: PMC5651408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of the three basic mechanisms of immunity, intrinsic, innate and adaptive, is a constant feature of the host defense against pathogens. Within this frame, a peculiar role is played by restriction factors (RFs), elements of intrinsic immunity that interfere with viral life cycle. Often considered as molecules whose specific functions are distinct and unrelated among themselves recent results indicate instead, at least for some of them, a concerted action against the pathogen. Here we review recent findings on the antiviral activity of tripartite motif 22 (TRIM22) and class II transactivator (CIITA), first discovered as human immunodeficiency virus 1 RFs, but endowed with general antiviral activity. TRIM22 and CIITA provide the first example of cellular proteins acting together to potentiate their intrinsic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Laboratories of General Pathology and Immunology "Giovanna Tosi", Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Mussabekova A, Daeffler L, Imler JL. Innate and intrinsic antiviral immunity in Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2039-2054. [PMID: 28102430 PMCID: PMC5419870 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a valuable model to investigate the genetic mechanisms of innate immunity. Initially focused on the resistance to bacteria and fungi, these studies have been extended to include antiviral immunity over the last decade. Like all living organisms, insects are continually exposed to viruses and have developed efficient defense mechanisms. We review here our current understanding on antiviral host defense in fruit flies. A major antiviral defense in Drosophila is RNA interference, in particular the small interfering (si) RNA pathway. In addition, complex inducible responses and restriction factors contribute to the control of infections. Some of the genes involved in these pathways have been conserved through evolution, highlighting loci that may account for susceptibility to viral infections in humans. Other genes are not conserved and represent species-specific innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Mussabekova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Laurent Daeffler
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Imler
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UPR9022, Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, 28 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Forlani G, Tosi G, Turrini F, Poli G, Vicenzi E, Accolla RS. Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 22 Interacts with Class II Transactivator and Orchestrates Its Recruitment in Nuclear Bodies Containing TRIM19/PML and Cyclin T1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:564. [PMID: 28555140 PMCID: PMC5430032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among interferon (IFN) inducible antiviral factors both tripartite motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22) and class II transactivator (CIITA) share the capacity of repressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral transcription. TRIM22 is constitutively expressed in a subset of U937 cell clones poorly permissive to HIV-1 replication, whereas CIITA has been shown to inhibit virus multiplication in both T lymphocytic and myeloid cells, including poorly HIV-1 permissive U937 cells, by suppressing Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 transcription. Therefore, we tested whether TRIM22 and CIITA could form a nuclear complex potentially endowed with HIV-1 repressive functions. Indeed, we observed that TRIM22, independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase domain, interacts with CIITA and promotes its recruitment into nuclear bodies. Importantly, TRIM19/promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, another repressor of HIV-1 transcription also acting before proviral integration, colocalize in these nuclear bodies upon TRIM22 expression induced by IFN-γ. Finally, tTRIM22 nuclear bodies also contained CyclinT1, a crucial elongation factor of HIV-1 primary transcripts. These findings show that TRIM22 nuclear bodies are a site of recruitment of factors crucial for the regulation of HIV-1 transcription and highlight the potential existence of a concerted action between TRIM22, CIITA, and TRIM19/PML to maintain a state of proviral latency, at least in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tosi
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Filippo Turrini
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Laboratory of General Pathology and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Rizkallah G, Alais S, Futsch N, Tanaka Y, Journo C, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. Dendritic cell maturation, but not type I interferon exposure, restricts infection by HTLV-1, and viral transmission to T-cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006353. [PMID: 28426803 PMCID: PMC5413061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both CD4+ T-cells and dendritic cells (DCs) infected with HTLV-1 are found in peripheral blood from HTLV-1 carriers. We previously demonstrated that monocyte-derived IL-4 DCs are more susceptible to HTLV-1 infection than autologous primary T-cells, suggesting that DC infection precedes T-cell infection. However, during blood transmission, breast-feeding or sexual transmission, HTLV-1 may encounter different DC subsets present in the blood, the intestinal or genital mucosa respectively. These different contacts may impact HTLV-1 ability to infect DCs and its subsequent transfer to T-cells. Using in vitro monocyte-derived IL-4 DCs, TGF-β DCs and IFN-α DCs that mimic DCs contacting HTLV-1 in vivo, we show here that despite their increased ability to capture HTLV-1 virions, IFN-α DCs restrict HTLV-1 productive infection. Surprisingly, we then demonstrate that it is not due to the antiviral activity of type-I interferon produced by IFN-α DCs, but that it is likely to be linked to a distinct trafficking route of HTLV-1 in IL-4 DCs vs. IFN-α DCs. Finally, we demonstrate that, in contrast to IL-4 DCs, IFN-α DCs are impaired in their capacity to transfer HTLV-1 to CD4 T-cells, both after viral capture and trans-infection and after their productive infection. In conclusion, the nature of the DCs encountered by HTLV-1 upon primo-infection and the viral trafficking route through the vesicular pathway of these cells determine the efficiency of viral transmission to T-cells, which may condition the fate of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergès Rizkallah
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Futsch
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara 207, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chloé Journo
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, Lyon, France
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Zhang XL, Song JH, Pang W, Zheng YT. Molecular cloning and anti-HIV-1 activities of APOBEC3s from northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 37:246-51. [PMID: 27469256 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.4.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs, Macaca leonina) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection largely due to the loss of HIV-1-restricting factor TRIM5α. However, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication of HIV-1 in vivo, suggesting some viral restriction factors are reserved in this host. The APOBEC3 proteins have demonstrated a capacity to restrict HIV-1 replication, but their inhibitory effects in NPMs remain elusive. In this study, we cloned the NPM A3A-A3H genes, and determined by BLAST searching that their coding sequences (CDSs) showed 99% identity to the corresponding counterparts from rhesus and southern pig-tailed macaques. We further analyzed the anti-HIV-1 activities of the A3A-A3H genes, and found that A3G and A3F had the greatest anti-HIV-1 activity compared with that of other members. The results of this study indicate that A3G and A3F might play critical roles in limiting HIV-1 replication in NPMs in vivo. Furthermore, this research provides valuable information for the optimization of monkey models of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification in eukaryotes, well known for targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Proteins destined for proteasomal degradation are selected by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are the largest superfamily of E3 ubiquitin ligases, with over 400 members known in mammals. These modular complexes are tightly regulated in the cell. In this chapter, we highlight recent structural and biochemical advances shedding light on the assembly and architecture of cullin-RING ligases, their dynamic regulation by a variety of host factors, and their manipulation by viral pathogens and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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Targeting the rhesus macaque TRIM5α gene to enhance the susceptibility of CD4 + T cells to HIV-1 infection. Arch Virol 2016; 162:793-798. [PMID: 27888407 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The host range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is extremely narrow, which has hampered the establishment of non-human primate models for HIV-1 infection. The species-specific innate immune factor tripartite motif 5 alpha (TRIM5α) is a key molecule that confers potent resistance against HIV-1 infection. In this study, we targeted the TRIM5α gene of rhesus macaques (rhTRIM5α) using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) to study the effect on HIV-1 infection. CD4+ T cells were separated from the peripheral blood of rhesus macaques by magnetic cell sorting, and the positive rate was greater than 99%. TALEN plasmids targeting rhTRIM5α were constructed and introduced into CD4+ T cells by electroporation, with a transfection efficiency of approximately 25%. The genome of the targeted cells was extracted, and the target efficiency was analyzed by T7E1 enzyme digestion. After sorting the positive transductants, the TALENs induced rhTRIM5α mutations at a rate of more than 40%. The ability of the HIV-1 virus to infect the targeted cells was demonstrated by ELISA. The results showed that targeting rhTRIM5α enhanced the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. This finding will pave the way for further establishment of a new rhesus macaque model for HIV-1 studies.
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Littwitz-Salomon E, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Insufficient natural killer cell responses against retroviruses: how to improve NK cell killing of retrovirus-infected cells. Retrovirology 2016; 13:77. [PMID: 27821119 PMCID: PMC5100108 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and protect against cancers and a variety of viruses including retroviruses by killing transformed or infected cells. They express activating and inhibitory receptors on their cell surface and often become activated after recognizing virus-infected cells. They have diverse antiviral effector functions like the release of cytotoxic granules, cytokine production and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The importance of NK cell activity in retroviral infections became evident due to the discovery of several viral strategies to escape recognition and elimination by NK cells. Mutational sequence polymorphisms as well as modulation of surface receptors and their ligands are mechanisms of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 to evade NK cell-mediated immune pressure. In Friend retrovirus infected mice the virus can manipulate molecular or cellular immune factors that in turn suppress the NK cell response. In this model NK cells lack cytokines for optimal activation and can be functionally suppressed by regulatory T cells. However, these inhibitory pathways can be overcome therapeutically to achieve full activation of NK cell responses and ultimately control dissemination of retroviral infection. One effective approach is to modulate the crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells, which produce NK cell-stimulating cytokines like type I interferons (IFN), IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 upon retrovirus sensing or infection. Therapeutic administration of IFNα directly increases NK cell killing of retrovirus-infected cells. In addition, IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes that direct IL-2 to NK cells have been shown to significantly improve control of retroviral infection by NK cells in vivo. In this review, we describe novel approaches to improve NK cell effector functions in retroviral infections. Immunotherapies that target NK cells of patients suffering from viral infections might be a promising treatment option for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Littwitz-Salomon
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Crystal structure of the Trim5α Bbox2 domain from rhesus macaques describes a plastic oligomerisation interface. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:282-285. [PMID: 27402535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral pathogens have been an evolutionary pressure for many primate species, driving the development of an intrinsic cellular response to retroviruses and antiretroviral proteins. One such antiretroviral protein is the restriction factor Trim5α, that blocks HIV-1 infection in rhesus macaques at an early post-entry stage in the retroviral lifecycle. Trim5α self-assembles into a large hexagonal array, complimentary to the retroviral capsid. Assembly is mediated by the conserved N-terminal architecture comprising a RING domain, a Bbox domain, and a coiled coil. Recently we have shown that the Bbox domain and elements of the coiled coil form a trimer in solution, and that the Bbox domain drives assembly. During crystallisation experiments using the trimer forming construct, we determined the structure of a dimeric Bbox domain to a resolution of 1.8Å. Interface analysis reveals that residues previously shown to be required for assembly and restriction, Glu120 and Arg121, are central to the interface. Comparison to a mutant Trim5α dimer interface shows a translation of the Bbox dimerisation interface removing interactions important in the wildtype protein.
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Forlani G, Turrini F, Ghezzi S, Tedeschi A, Poli G, Accolla RS, Tosi G. The MHC-II transactivator CIITA inhibits Tat function and HIV-1 replication in human myeloid cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:94. [PMID: 27089879 PMCID: PMC4835826 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that the HLA class II transactivator CIITA inhibits HIV-1 replication in T cells by competing with the viral transactivator Tat for the binding to Cyclin T1 subunit of the P-TEFb complex. Here, we analyzed the anti-viral function of CIITA in myeloid cells, another relevant HIV-1 target cell type. We sinvestigated clones of the U937 promonocytic cell line, either permissive (Plus) or non-permissive (Minus) to HIV-1 replication. This different phenotype has been associated with the expression of TRIM22 in U937 Minus but not in Plus cells. Methods U937 Plus cells stably expressing CIITA were generated and HLA-II positive clones were selected by cell sorting and cloning. HLA and CIITA proteins were analyzed by cytofluorometry and western blotting, respectively. HLA-II DR and CIITA mRNAs were quantified by qRT-PCR. Tat-dependent transactivation was assessed by performing the HIV-1 LTR luciferase gene reporter assay. Cells were infected with HIV-1 and viral replication was evaluated by measuring the RT activity in culture supernatants. Results CIITA was expressed only in HLA-II-positive U937 Minus cells, and this was strictly correlated with inhibition of Tat-dependent HIV-1 LTR transactivation in Minus but not in Plus cells. Overexpression of CIITA in Plus cells restored the suppression of Tat transactivation, confirming the inhibitory role of CIITA. Importantly, HIV-1 replication was significantly reduced in Plus-CIITA cells with respect to Plus parental cells. This effect was independent of TRIM22 as CIITA did not induce TRIM22 expression in Plus-CIITA cells. Conclusions U937 Plus and Minus cells represent an interesting model to study the role of CIITA in HIV-1 restriction in the monocytic/macrophage cell lineage. The differential expression of CIITA in CIITA-negative Plus and CIITA-positive Minus cells correlated with their capacity to support or not HIV-1 replication, respectively. In Minus cells CIITA targeted the viral transactivator Tat to inhibit HIV-1 replication. The generation of Plus-CIITA cells was instrumental to demonstrate the specific contribution of CIITA in terms of inhibition of Tat activity and HIV-1 restriction, independently from other cellular factors, including TRIM22. Thus, CIITA acts as a general restriction factor against HIV-1 not only in T cells but also in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forlani
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Filippo Turrini
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto S Accolla
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Tosi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Abstract
In a mature, infectious HIV-1 virion, the viral genome is housed within a conical capsid core made from the viral capsid (CA) protein. The CA protein and the structure into which it assembles facilitate virtually every step of infection through a series of interactions with multiple host cell factors. This Review describes our understanding of the interactions between the viral capsid core and several cellular factors that enable efficient HIV-1 genome replication, timely core disassembly, nuclear import and the integration of the viral genome into the genome of the target cell. We then discuss how elucidating these interactions can reveal new targets for therapeutic interactions against HIV-1.
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