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Rocca P, Brasso C, Montemagni C, Del Favero E, Bellino S, Bozzatello P, Giordano GM, Caporusso E, Fazio L, Pergola G, Blasi G, Amore M, Calcagno P, Rossi R, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Galderisi S, Maj M. The relationship between the resting state functional connectivity and social cognition in schizophrenia: Results from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:330-340. [PMID: 38613864 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition (SC) interfere with recovery in schizophrenia (SZ) and may be related to resting state brain connectivity. This study aimed at assessing the alterations in the relationship between resting state functional connectivity and the social-cognitive abilities of patients with SZ compared to healthy subjects. We divided the brain into 246 regions of interest (ROI) following the Human Healthy Volunteers Brainnetome Atlas. For each participant, we calculated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in terms of degree centrality (DC), which evaluates the total strength of the most powerful coactivations of every ROI with all other ROIs during rest. The rs-DC of the ROIs was correlated with five measures of SC assessing emotion processing and mentalizing in 45 healthy volunteers (HVs) chosen as a normative sample. Then, controlling for symptoms severity, we verified whether these significant associations were altered, i.e., absent or of opposite sign, in 55 patients with SZ. We found five significant differences between SZ patients and HVs: in the patients' group, the correlations between emotion recognition tasks and rsFC of the right entorhinal cortex (R-EC), left superior parietal lobule (L-SPL), right caudal hippocampus (R-c-Hipp), and the right caudal (R-c) and left rostral (L-r) middle temporal gyri (MTG) were lost. An altered resting state functional connectivity of the L-SPL, R-EC, R-c-Hipp, and bilateral MTG in patients with SZ may be associated with impaired emotion recognition. If confirmed, these results may enhance the development of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions targeting those cerebral regions to reduce SC deficit in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Del Favero
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Caporusso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Strada Statale 100, 70010 Casamassima (BA), Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Calcagno
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Yamazaki R, Matsumoto J, Ito S, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto N, Kodaka F, Takano H, Hasegawa N, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Watanabe Y, Miura K, Hashimoto R. Longitudinal reduction in brain volume in patients with schizophrenia and its association with cognitive function. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:206-215. [PMID: 38348613 PMCID: PMC10932790 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a brain biomarker for schizophrenia is strongly desirable not only to support diagnosis by psychiatrists but also to help track the progressive changes in the brain over the course of the illness. A brain morphological signature of schizophrenia was reported in a recent study and is defined by clusters of brain regions with reduced volume in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. This signature was proven to be effective at differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals, suggesting that it is a good candidate brain biomarker of schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal characteristics of this signature have remained unclear. In this study, we examined whether these changes occurred over time and whether they were associated with clinical outcomes. We found a significant change in the brain morphological signature in schizophrenia patients with more brain volume loss than the natural, age-related reduction in healthy individuals, suggesting that this change can capture a progressive morphological change in the brain. We further found a significant association between changes in the brain morphological signature and changes in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). The patients with IQ improvement showed preserved brain morphological signatures, whereas the patients without IQ improvement showed progressive changes in the brain morphological signature, suggesting a link between potential recovery of intellectual abilities and the speed of brain pathology progression. We conclude that the brain morphological signature is a brain biomarker that can be used to evaluate progressive changes in the brain that are associated with cognitive impairment due to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function InformationNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of PsychiatryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation FosterOsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
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Hsieh MY, Hsu SK, Liu TY, Wu CY, Chiu CC. Melanoma biology and treatment: a review of novel regulated cell death-based approaches. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38336727 PMCID: PMC10858604 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has increased due to ultraviolet exposure. The treatment of advanced melanoma, particularly metastatic cases, remains challenging with poor outcomes. Targeted therapies involving BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immunotherapy based on anti-PD1/anti-CTLA4 antibodies have achieved long-term survival rates of approximately 50% for patients with advanced melanoma. However, therapy resistance and inadequate treatment response continue to hinder further breakthroughs in treatments that increase survival rates. This review provides an introduction to the molecular-level pathogenesis of melanoma and offers an overview of current treatment options and their limitations. Cells can die by either accidental or regulated cell death (RCD). RCD is an orderly cell death controlled by a variety of macromolecules to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Since the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells requires evasion of RCD programs, inducing the RCD of melanoma cells may be a treatment strategy. This review summarizes studies on various types of nonapoptotic RCDs, such as autophagy-dependent cell death, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and the recently discovered cuproptosis, in the context of melanoma. The relationships between these RCDs and melanoma are examined, and the interplay between these RCDs and immunotherapy or targeted therapy in patients with melanoma is discussed. Given the findings demonstrating melanoma cell death in response to different stimuli associated with these RCDs, the induction of RCD shows promise as an integral component of treatment strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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4
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Prasad KM, Muldoon B, Theis N, Iyengar S, Keshavan MS. Multipronged investigation of morphometry and connectivity of hippocampal network in relation to risk for psychosis using ultrahigh field MRI. Schizophr Res 2023; 256:88-97. [PMID: 37196534 PMCID: PMC10363272 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal abnormalities are associated with psychosis-risk states. Given the complexity of hippocampal anatomy, we conducted a multipronged examination of morphometry of regions connected with hippocampus, and structural covariance network (SCN) and diffusion-weighted circuitry among 27 familial high-risk (FHR) individuals who were past the highest risk for conversion to psychoses and 41 healthy controls using ultrahigh-field high-resolution 7 Tesla (7T) structural and diffusion MRI data. We obtained fractional anisotropy and diffusion streams of white matter connections and examined correspondence of diffusion streams with SCN edges. Nearly 89 % of the FHR group had an axis-I disorder including 5 with schizophrenia. Therefore, we compared the entire FHR group regardless of the diagnosis (All_FHR = 27) and FHR-without-schizophrenia (n = 22) with 41 controls in this integrative multimodal analysis. We found striking volume loss in bilateral hippocampus, particularly the head, bilateral thalamus, caudate, and prefrontal regions. All_FHR and FHR-without-SZ SCNs showed significantly lower assortativity and transitivity but higher diameter compared to controls, but FHR-without-SZ SCN differed on every graph metric compared to All_FHR suggesting disarrayed network with no hippocampal hubs. Fractional anisotropy and diffusion streams were lower in FHR suggesting white matter network impairment. White matter edges showed significantly higher correspondence with SCN edges in FHR compared to controls. These differences correlated with psychopathology and cognitive measures. Our data suggest that hippocampus may be a "neural hub" contributing to psychosis risk. Higher correspondence of white matter tracts with SCN edges suggest that shared volume loss may be more coordinated among regions within the hippocampal white matter circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konasale M Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Brendan Muldoon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Theis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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5
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Santarriaga S, Gerlovin K, Layadi Y, Karmacharya R. Human stem cell-based models to study synaptic dysfunction and cognition in schizophrenia: A narrative review. Schizophr Res 2023:S0920-9964(23)00084-1. [PMID: 36925354 PMCID: PMC10500041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the strongest predictor of functional outcomes in schizophrenia and is hypothesized to result from synaptic dysfunction. However, targeting synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in patients remains a significant clinical challenge. A comprehensive understanding of synaptic plasticity and the molecular basis of learning and memory in a disease context can provide specific targets for the development of novel therapeutics targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Here, we describe the role of synaptic plasticity in cognition, summarize evidence for synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia and demonstrate the use of patient derived induced-pluripotent stem cells for studying synaptic plasticity in vitro. Lastly, we discuss current advances and future technologies for bridging basic science research of synaptic dysfunction with clinical and translational research that can be used to predict treatment response and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Layadi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chimie ParisTech, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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6
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Li Y, Qiu Z, Fan X, Liu X, Chang EIC, Xu Y. Integrated 3d flow-based multi-atlas brain structure segmentation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270339. [PMID: 35969596 PMCID: PMC9377636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI brain structure segmentation plays an important role in neuroimaging studies. Existing methods either spend much CPU time, require considerable annotated data, or fail in segmenting volumes with large deformation. In this paper, we develop a novel multi-atlas-based algorithm for 3D MRI brain structure segmentation. It consists of three modules: registration, atlas selection and label fusion. Both registration and label fusion leverage an integrated flow based on grayscale and SIFT features. We introduce an effective and efficient strategy for atlas selection by employing the accompanying energy generated in the registration step. A 3D sequential belief propagation method and a 3D coarse-to-fine flow matching approach are developed in both registration and label fusion modules. The proposed method is evaluated on five public datasets. The results show that it has the best performance in almost all the settings compared to competitive methods such as ANTs, Elastix, Learning to Rank and Joint Label Fusion. Moreover, our registration method is more than 7 times as efficient as that of ANTs SyN, while our label transfer method is 18 times faster than Joint Label Fusion in CPU time. The results on the ADNI dataset demonstrate that our method is applicable to image pairs that require a significant transformation in registration. The performance on a composite dataset suggests that our method succeeds in a cross-modality manner. The results of this study show that the integrated 3D flow-based method is effective and efficient for brain structure segmentation. It also demonstrates the power of SIFT features, multi-atlas segmentation and classical machine learning algorithms for a medical image analysis task. The experimental results on public datasets show the proposed method's potential for general applicability in various brain structures and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Qiu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, United States of America
| | - Xingyu Fan
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianglong Liu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Xu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics, Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education and Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Microsoft Research, Beijing, China
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7
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Kuo SS, Roalf DR, Prasad KM, Musket CW, Rupert PE, Wood J, Gur RC, Almasy L, Gur RE, Nimgaonkar VL, Pogue-Geile MF. Age-dependent effects of schizophrenia genetic risk on cortical thickness and cortical surface area: Evaluating evidence for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:674-688. [PMID: 35737559 PMCID: PMC9339500 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Risk for schizophrenia peaks during early adulthood, a critical period for brain development. Although several influential theoretical models have been proposed for the developmental relationship between brain pathology and clinical onset, to our knowledge, no study has directly evaluated the predictions of these models for schizophrenia developmental genetic effects on brain structure. To address this question, we introduce a framework to estimate the effects of schizophrenia genetic variation on brain structure phenotypes across the life span. Five-hundred and six participants, including 30 schizophrenia probands, 200 of their relatives (aged 12-85 years) from 32 families with at least two first-degree schizophrenia relatives, and 276 unrelated controls, underwent MRI to assess regional cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA). Genetic variance decomposition analyses were conducted to distinguish among schizophrenia neurogenetic effects that are most salient before schizophrenia peak age-of-risk (i.e., early neurodevelopmental effects), after peak age-of-risk (late neurodevelopmental effects), and during the later plateau of age-of-risk (neurodegenerative effects). Genetic correlations between schizophrenia and cortical traits suggested early neurodevelopmental effects for frontal and insula CSA, late neurodevelopmental effects for overall CSA and frontal, parietal, and occipital CSA, and possible neurodegenerative effects for temporal CT and parietal CSA. Importantly, these developmental neurogenetic effects were specific to schizophrenia and not found with nonpsychotic depression. Our findings highlight the potentially dynamic nature of schizophrenia genetic effects across the lifespan and emphasize the utility of integrating neuroimaging methods with developmental behavior genetic approaches to elucidate the nature and timing of risk-conferring processes in psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Waldman L, Richardson B, Hamilton J, Thanos P. Chronic Oral Olanzapine Treatment but not Haloperidol Decreases [ 3H] MK-801 Binding in the Rat Brain Independent of Dietary Conditions. Neurosci Lett 2022; 781:136657. [PMID: 35483503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol and olanzapine are first and second-generation antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications approved to treat schizophrenia. Glutamate signaling is known to play an important role in the manifestation of schizophrenia symptoms, as phencyclidine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, replicates and exasperates these symptoms. While initial reports show that neuroleptic treatments can impact aspects of NMDAR expression, there is little attention on the interaction between neuroleptics and dietary conditions. Thus, we examined the impact of chronic haloperidol and olanzapine treatment under both normal and high-fat dietary conditions on NMDAR expression. Adult male rats were treated for 28-days with either oral vehicle, haloperidol (1.5mg/kg), or olanzapine (10mg/kg), and fed either a standard control diet or a high-fat diet. In-vitro receptor autoradiography binding was performed using [3H] MK-801 as a measure of NMDAR expression. Results showed that olanzapine, irrespective of the diet, significantly decreased [3H] MK-801 binding within the cingulate cortex, substantia nigra, insular cortex, piriform cortex, ectorhinal cortex and perirhinal cortex, the forelimb region of the somatosensory cortex, and all quadrants of the caudate-putamen. In contrast, haloperidol treatment did not impact [3H] MK-801 binding, and we also report no effect of diet on [3H] MK-801 binding. These data suggest that the effects seen in olanzapine treatment are not mediated by diet, nor does a 28-day chronic high-fat diet alter [3H] MK-801 binding. Furthermore, these data also importantly support that combined consumption of a high-fat diet and pharmacological treatments are not immediately detrimental to NMDARs and contribute to the expansive literature of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Waldman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Karantonis JA, Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Pantelis C, Hughes M, Wannan C, Cropley V, Van Rheenen TE. A Systematic Review of Cognition-Brain Morphology Relationships on the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1557-1600. [PMID: 34097043 PMCID: PMC8530395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is uncertain. This review aimed to address this, by providing a comprehensive systematic investigation of links between several cognitive domains and brain volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area in SSD and BD patients across early and established illness stages. An initial search of PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 1486 articles, of which 124 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The majority of studies focused on SSD, while those of BD were scarce. Replicated evidence for specific regions associated with indices of cognition was minimal, however for several cognitive domains, the frontal and temporal regions were broadly implicated across both recent-onset and established SSD, and to a lesser extent BD. Collectively, the findings of this review emphasize the significance of both frontal and temporal regions for some domains of cognition in SSD, while highlighting the need for future BD-related studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent’s Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Should context hold a special place in hippocampal memory? PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Kaur A, Basavanagowda DM, Rathod B, Mishra N, Fuad S, Nosher S, Alrashid ZA, Mohan D, Heindl SE. Structural and Functional Alterations of the Temporal lobe in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e11177. [PMID: 33262914 PMCID: PMC7689947 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental illness leading to social and occupational dysfunction. Our primary focus in this review article was to analyze further the structural and functional alterations of the temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia, which might contribute to the associated manifestations we often see in this illness. Our goal was to see if there was any correlation between temporal lobe abnormalities, more specifically, alterations in brain volume and specific symptoms such as auditory and language processing, etc. There is a positive correlation between volume alterations and thoughts disorders in the temporal lobe in the majority of studies. However, superior temporal gyrus volume has also been correlated negatively with the severity of hallucinations and thought disorders in some studies. We utilized Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search strategy via PubMed database in our articles search yielding 241 papers. After the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final number of 30 was reviewed. The involvement of the temporal lobe and its gray and white matter volume alterations in schizophrenia is quite apparent from our research; however, the exact mechanism of the underlying biological process is not thoroughly studied yet. Therefore, further research on larger cohorts combining different imaging modalities including volumetry, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging is required to explain how the progressive brain changes affect the various structural, functional, and metabolic activities of the temporal lobe in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arveen Kaur
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Deepak M Basavanagowda
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bindu Rathod
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nupur Mishra
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sehrish Fuad
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Nosher
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zaid A Alrashid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Devyani Mohan
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
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12
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Woodward ML, Lin J, Gicas KM, Su W, Hui CLM, Honer WG, Chen EYH, Lang DJ. Medial temporal lobe cortical changes in response to exercise interventions in people with early psychosis: A randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:87-95. [PMID: 32487465 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with early psychosis may have prefrontal-limbic cortical deficits, which are associated with symptom severity and cognitive impairment. This study investigated the impact of an exercise intervention on fronto-temporal cortical plasticity in female participants with early psychosis. METHODS In a cohort of 51 female participants with early psychosis from Hong Kong, we investigated the effects of a 12-week, moderate intensity aerobic or Hatha yoga exercise trial (yoga (N = 21), aerobic (N = 18) or waitlist group (N = 12)) on cortical grey matter. Clinical assessments and structural MRI were completed pre- and post- a 12-week exercise intervention. RESULTS Increases in cortical volume and thickness were observed in the medial temporal cortical regions, primarily in fusiform cortical thickness (F(2, 48) = 4.221, p = 0.020, η2 = 0.150) and volume (F(2, 48) = 3.521, p = 0.037, η2 = 0.128) for participants with early psychosis in the aerobic arm, but not in the yoga and waitlist arms. Increased fusiform cortical thickness (ß = 0.402, p = 0.003) was associated with increased hippocampal volume for all psychosis participants. For the aerobic group only, increases in the entorhinal and fusiform temporal gyri were associated with reduced symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest exercise-induced neuroplasticity in medial temporal cortical regions occurs with aerobic exercise. These changes may be associated with improvements in psychosis symptom severity. People with early psychosis may benefit from exercise interventions, particularly aerobic exercise, as an adjunct treatment to address clinical, physical health, and neuroanatomic concerns. NIH National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov Registration #: NCT01207219https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01207219.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingxia Lin
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wayne Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Donna J Lang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Yasuda Y, Okada N, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Koshiyama D, Kudo N, Shiino T, Morita S, Morita K, Azechi H, Fujimoto M, Miura K, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Brain morphological and functional features in cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:191-203. [PMID: 31793131 PMCID: PMC7065166 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have reported different brain morphologies in different cognitive subgroups of patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to examine the brain structures and functional connectivity in these cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia. METHODS We compared brain structures among healthy controls and cognitively deteriorated and preserved subgroups of patients with schizophrenia according to the decline in IQ. Connectivity analyses between subcortical regions and other brain areas were performed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging among the groups. RESULTS Whole brain and total cortical gray matter, right fusiform gyrus, left pars orbitalis gyrus, right pars triangularis, left superior temporal gyrus and left insula volumes, and bilateral cortical thickness were decreased in the deteriorated group compared to the control and preserved groups. Both schizophrenia subgroups had increased left lateral ventricle, right putamen and left pallidum, and decreased bilateral hippocampus, left precentral gyrus, right rostral middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus volumes compared with controls. Hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and a broad range of brain regions was observed in the deteriorated group compared to connectivity in the control group, and this hyperconnectivity was less evident in the preserved group. We also found hyperconnectivity between the accumbens and the superior and middle frontal gyri in the preserved group compared with connectivity in the deteriorated group. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of prominent structural and functional brain abnormalities in deteriorated patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that cognitive subgroups in schizophrenia might be useful biotypes to elucidate brain pathophysiology for new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Future Diagnostic Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Daniju Y, Bossong MG, Brandt K, Allen P. Do the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus and striatum increase risk for psychosis? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:324-335. [PMID: 32057817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms and in a small number of cases it can lead to psychoses. This review examines the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate the link between cannabis use and psychosis risk. We use an established preclinical model of psychosis, the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, as a framework to examine if psychosis risk in some cannabis users is mediated by the effects of cannabis on the hippocampus, and this region's role in the regulation of mesolimbic dopamine. We also examine how cannabis affects excitatory neurotransmission known to regulate hippocampal neural activity and output. Whilst there is clear evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids can affect hippocampal and medial temporal lobe function and structure, the evidence that cannabis/cannabinoids increase striatal dopamine function is less robust. There is limited evidence that cannabis use affects cortical and striatal glutamate levels, but there are currently too few studies to draw firm conclusions. Future work is needed to test the MAM model in relation to cannabis using multimodal neuroimaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Daniju
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - M G Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
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15
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Decreased medial entorhinal cortical thickness in olanzapine exposed female rats is not ameliorated by exercise. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 188:172834. [PMID: 31785244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has been associated with hippocampal plasticity, both in healthy adults and in psychosis patients, but its impact on cortical regions remains unclear. The entorhinal cortex serves as a critical gateway for the hippocampus, and recent studies suggest that this region may also be impacted following an exercise regime. In order to investigate the effects of antipsychotic medications and exercise on the entorhinal cortex, female rats were chronically administered either olanzapine or vehicle and were either sedentary or had access to a running wheel for 9 weeks. Olanzapine-treated rats had decreased medial entorhinal cortical thickness compared to vehicle-treated rats. A statistically significant interaction was observed for layer II of the entorhinal cortex, with exercising rats having significantly greater thickness compared to sedentary rats in the vehicle group, but not the olanzapine group. Greater total entorhinal and lateral entorhinal cortical thickness was associated with greater average activity. In exercising rats, decreasing glucose intolerance was associated with larger total entorhinal and layer II cortical thickness. Lower fasting insulin levels were associated with greater total entorhinal, lateral entorhinal, and layer II cortical thickness. The relationship between increased activity and greater entorhinal cortical thickness was mediated by reduced fasting insulin, indicating that regulation of metabolic risk factors may contribute to impact of aerobic exercise on the entorhinal cortex. Aerobic exercise may be helpful in counteracting metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medications and managing these side effects may be key to promoting entorhinal cortical plasticity in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotic drugs.
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16
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Doostdar N, Kim E, Grayson B, Harte MK, Neill JC, Vernon AC. Global brain volume reductions in a sub-chronic phencyclidine animal model for schizophrenia and their relationship to recognition memory. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1274-1287. [PMID: 31060435 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119844196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits and structural brain changes co-occur in patients with schizophrenia. Improving our understanding of the relationship between these is important to develop improved therapeutic strategies. Back-translation of these findings into rodent models for schizophrenia offers a potential means to achieve this goal. AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of structural brain changes and how these relate to cognitive behaviour in a sub-chronic phencyclidine rat model. METHODS Performance in the novel object recognition task was examined in female Lister Hooded rats at one and six weeks after sub-chronic phencyclidine (2 mg/kg intra-peritoneal, n=15) and saline controls (1 ml/kg intra-peritoneal, n=15). Locomotor activity following acute phencyclidine challenge was also measured. Brain volume changes were assessed in the same animals using ex vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging and computational neuroanatomical analysis at six weeks. RESULTS Female sub-chronic phencyclidine-treated Lister Hooded rats spent significantly less time exploring novel objects (p<0.05) at both time-points and had significantly greater locomotor activity response to an acute phencyclidine challenge (p<0.01) at 3-4 weeks of washout. At six weeks, sub-chronic phencyclidine-treated Lister Hooded rats displayed significant global brain volume reductions (p<0.05; q<0.05), without apparent regional specificity. Relative volumes of the perirhinal cortex however were positively correlated with novel object exploration time only in sub-chronic phencyclidine rats at this time-point. CONCLUSION A sustained sub-chronic phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficit in novel object recognition is accompanied by global brain volume reductions in female Lister Hooded rats. The relative volumes of the perirhinal cortex however are positively correlated with novel object exploration, indicating some functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Doostdar
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Grayson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Allen P, Moore H, Corcoran CM, Gilleen J, Kozhuharova P, Reichenberg A, Malaspina D. Emerging Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:298. [PMID: 31133894 PMCID: PMC6526750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals have been increasingly utilized to investigate the prodromal phases of psychosis and progression to illness. Research has identified medial and lateral temporal lobe abnormalities in CHR individuals. Dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus, is linked to dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine via a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain network that may lead to aberrant signaling of salience underpinning the formation of delusions. Similarly, lateral temporal dysfunction may be linked to the disorganized speech and language impairments observed in the CHR stage. Here, we summarize the significance of these neurobiological findings in terms of emergent psychotic symptoms and conversion to psychosis in CHR populations. We propose key questions for future work with the aim to identify the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, University of Columbia, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - James Gilleen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petya Kozhuharova
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avi Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Zhong Q, Xu H, Qin J, Zeng LL, Hu D, Shen H. Functional parcellation of the hippocampus from resting-state dynamic functional connectivity. Brain Res 2019; 1715:165-175. [PMID: 30910629 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus consists of functionally and structurally heterogeneous regions that are involved in multiple functions such as learning and memory. Previous studies on connectivity-based functional subdivisions of the hippocampus, however, overlooked the dynamic nature of resting-state functional connectivity (FC). In this study, we selected 50 subjects with the lowest head motion from the Human Connectome Project dataset and performed a two-stage spectral clustering technique to windowed FC correlations for identifying the potential covariant structures during the spontaneous fluctuation of hippocampal-cortical FC. The obtained covariant structures were believed to be functionally homogeneous by coupling with whole-brain regions in all transient connectivity states and consequently subdivided the left and right hippocampus into six and five functional subregions, respectively. Further, we demonstrated that this dynamic-FC-derived hippocampal parcellation exhibited significantly improved reproducibility of segmented subregions across subjects compared with static FC analysis. The findings extend our understanding to the functional organization within the hippocampus and provide a more comprehensive view of the functional flexibility of the hippocampus over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Huaze Xu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.
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19
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Banaj N, Piras F, Piras F, Ciullo V, Iorio M, Battaglia C, Pantoli D, Ducci G, Spalletta G. Cognitive and psychopathology correlates of brain white/grey matter structure in severely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients. Schizophr Res Cogn 2018; 12:29-36. [PMID: 29527507 PMCID: PMC5842307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The brain structural correlates of cognitive and psychopathological symptoms within the active phase in severely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients have been rarely investigated. Twenty-eight inpatients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of Schizophrenia (SZ), admitted for acute psychotic decompensation, were assessed through a comprehensive neuropsychological and psychopathological battery. All patients underwent a high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Increased psychotic severity was related to reduced grey matter volumes in the medial portion of the right superior frontal cortex, the superior orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally and to white matter volume reduction in the medial portion of the left superior frontal area. Immediate verbal memory performance was related to left insula and inferior parietal cortex volume, while long-term visuo-spatial memory was related to grey matter volume of the right middle temporal cortex, and the right (lobule VII, CRUS1) and left (lobule VI) cerebellum. Moreover, psychotic severity correlated with cognitive inflexibility and negative symptom severity was related to visuo-spatial processing and reasoning disturbances. These findings indicate that a disruption of the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit, and distorted memory function contribute to the development and maintenance of psychotic exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iorio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Pantoli
- Department of Radiology, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL, Roma, 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Department of Mental Health, ASL, Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Antoniades M, Schoeler T, Radua J, Valli I, Allen P, Kempton MJ, McGuire P. Verbal learning and hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:166-175. [PMID: 29223768 PMCID: PMC5818020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis summarizes research examining whether deficits in verbal learning are related to bilateral hippocampal volume reductions in patients with or at risk for schizophrenia and in healthy controls. 17 studies with 755 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 232 Genetic High Risk (GHR) subjects and 914 healthy controls (HC) were included. Pooled correlation coefficients were calculated between hemisphere (left, right or total) and type of recall (immediate or delayed) for each diagnostic group individually (SCZ, GHR and HC). In SCZ, left and right hippocampal volume positively correlated with immediate (r=0.256, 0.230) and delayed (r=0.132, 0.231) verbal recall. There was also a correlation between total hippocampal volume and delayed recall (r=0.233). None of these correlations were significant in healthy controls. There was however, a positive correlation between left hippocampal volume and immediate recall in the GHR group (r=0.356). The results suggest that hippocampal volume affects immediate and delayed verbal learning capacity in schizophrenia and provides further evidence of hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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21
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Role of subcortical structures on cognitive and social function in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1183. [PMID: 29352126 PMCID: PMC5775279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical regions have a pivotal role in cognitive, affective, and social functions in humans, and the structural and functional abnormalities of the regions have been associated with various psychiatric disorders. Although previous studies focused on the neurocognitive and socio-functional consequences of prefrontal and tempolo-limbic abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, those of subcortical structures remain largely unknown. Recently, MRI volume alterations in subcortical structures in patients with schizophrenia have been replicated in large-scale meta-analytic studies. Here we investigated the relationship between volumes of subcortical structures and neurocognitive and socio-functional indices in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. First, we replicated the results of meta-analyses: the regional volumes of the bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and nucleus accumbens were significantly smaller for patients (N = 163) than for healthy controls (HCs, N = 620). Second, in the patient group, the right nucleus accumbens volume was significantly correlated with the Digit Symbol Coding score, which is known as a distinctively characteristic index of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the right thalamic volume was significantly correlated with social function scores. In HCs, no significant correlation was found. The results from this large-scale investigation shed light upon the role of specific subcortical nuclei on cognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia.
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Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Ohi K, Fujino H, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Subcortical association with memory performance in schizophrenia: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:20. [PMID: 29317603 PMCID: PMC5802568 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory performance is severely impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Although several studies have reported a relationship between memory performance and hippocampal volume, only a few structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical structures other than hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. We investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical regional volumes in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. Participants included 174 patients with schizophrenia and 638 healthy comparison subjects (HCS). The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) has three memory indices (verbal immediate recall, visual immediate recall, and delayed recall (verbal plus visual)) and one control neurocognitive index (attention/concentration). We obtained T1-weighted MRI data and measured the bilateral volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, nucleus accumbens (NA), caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores for all of the indices of the WMS-R than the HCS. They had more severe impairments in verbal immediate recall and delayed recall than in visual immediate recall and attention/concentration. Verbal immediate recall/delayed recall scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated not only with hippocampal volume (left: r = 0.34; right: r = 0.28/left: r = 0.33; right: r = 0.31), but also with NA volume (left: r = 0.24; right: r = 0.25/left: r = 0.26; right: r = 0.27). The present investigation with a large sample size did not only replicate hippocampal volume and memory association, but also found that NA volume is associated with memory performances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- 0000 0001 2272 1771grid.467811.dDivision of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- 0000 0000 9613 6383grid.411790.aDivision of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0403 4283grid.412398.5Oncology Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bGraduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bMolecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Ceyhan E, Nishino T, Botteron KN, Miller MI, Ratnanather JT. Analysis of cortical morphometric variability using labeled cortical distance maps. STATISTICS AND ITS INTERFACE 2016; 10:313-341. [PMID: 37476472 PMCID: PMC10358742 DOI: 10.4310/sii.2017.v10.n2.a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphometric (i.e., shape and size) differences in the anatomy of cortical structures are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Such differences can be quantized and detected by a powerful tool called Labeled Cortical Distance Map (LCDM). The LCDM method provides distances of labeled gray matter (GM) voxels from the GM/white matter (WM) surface for specific cortical structures (or tissues). Here we describe a method to analyze morphometric variability in the particular tissue using LCDM distances. To extract more of the information provided by LCDM distances, we perform pooling and censoring of LCDM distances. In particular, we employ Brown-Forsythe (BF) test of homogeneity of variance (HOV) on the LCDM distances. HOV analysis of pooled distances provides an overall analysis of morphometric variability of the LCDMs due to the disease in question, while the HOV analysis of censored distances suggests the location(s) of significant variation in these differences (i.e., at which distance from the GM/WM surface the morphometric variability starts to be significant). We also check for the influence of assumption violations on the HOV analysis of LCDM distances. In particular, we demonstrate that BF HOV test is robust to assumption violations such as the non-normality and within sample dependence of the residuals from the median for pooled and censored distances and are robust to data aggregation which occurs in analysis of censored distances. We recommend HOV analysis as a complementary tool to the analysis of distribution/location differences. We also apply the methodology on simulated normal and exponential data sets and assess the performance of the methods when more of the underlying assumptions are satisfied. We illustrate the methodology on a real data example, namely, LCDM distances of GM voxels in ventral medial prefrontal cortices (VMPFCs) to see the effects of depression or being of high risk to depression on the morphometry of VMPFCs. The methodology used here is also valid for morphometric analysis of other cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ceyhan
- Dept. of Mathematics, Koç University, 34450, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Nishino
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - K. N. Botteron
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Dept. of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M. I. Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J. T. Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Korenic SA, Nisonger SJ, Krause BW, Wijtenburg SA, Hong LE, Rowland LM. Effectiveness of fast mapping to promote learning in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2016; 4:24-31. [PMID: 27774411 PMCID: PMC5072452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fast mapping (FM), a process that promotes the expeditious incidental learning of information, is thought to support rapid vocabulary acquisition in young children through extra-medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions. A recent study suggested that patients with MTL damage resulting in profound amnesia were able to learn novel word–image associations using an FM paradigm. The present study investigated whether FM would be an effective strategy to promote learning for individuals with schizophrenia, a severe mental illness associated with compromised MTL functionality. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy control subjects completed trials of incidental FM encoding (experimental condition) and explicit encoding (EE, control condition) over the course of three visits spaced one week (± 2 days) apart. All participants were evaluated for recognition 10 min after each encoding condition was presented, and again one week (± 2 days) later. Results indicate that both groups performed better on the EE recognition trials when compared to FM (p's < 0.05). For the FM recognition trials, both groups performed similarly. However, participants with schizophrenia performed significantly worse on the EE recognition trials than healthy control participants (p's < 0.05). While participants with schizophrenia did not perform significantly worse when assessed for FM recognition, these results do not provide enough evidence to suggest that FM facilitates learning to a greater extent in schizophrenia when compared to EE. Whether FM may benefit a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia remains a focus of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Korenic
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Sarah J. Nisonger
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Benjamin W. Krause
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - S. Andrea Wijtenburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County
- Corresponding author at: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD, 21228. Tel.: + 1 410 402 6803; fax: + 1 410 402 6077.Maryland Psychiatric Research CenterP.O. Box 21247BaltimoreMD21228
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Watsky RE, Pollard KL, Greenstein D, Shora L, Dillard-Broadnax D, Gochman P, Clasen LS, Berman RA, Rapoport JL, Gogtay N, Ordóñez AE. Severity of Cortical Thinning Correlates With Schizophrenia Spectrum Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:130-136. [PMID: 26802780 PMCID: PMC4724380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between regional cortical gray matter thinning and symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders (PDs) in siblings of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). METHOD A total of 66 siblings of patients with COS were assessed for symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum PDs (avoidant, paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal). Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained at approximately 2-year intervals from the siblings and from 62 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and handedness. Cortical thickness measures were extracted. Mixed effect regression models were used to test the relationship between symptoms and cortical gray matter thickness in siblings. Cortical thinning was also tested longitudinally in healthy volunteers and siblings. RESULTS Cortical thinning was found to correlate with symptoms of schizotypal and, to a lesser extent, schizoid PDs. Thinning was most pronounced in the left temporal and parietal lobes and right frontal and parietal regions. Gray matter loss was found to be continuous with that measured in COS. Longitudinal thinning trajectories were found not to differ between siblings and healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION The present investigation of cortical thinning in siblings of patients with COS indicates that symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum PDs correlate with regional gray matter loss. This finding supports the idea of cortical thinning as a schizophrenia endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Watsky
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Deanna Greenstein
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Lorie Shora
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Diane Dillard-Broadnax
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Peter Gochman
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Rebecca A Berman
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Judith L Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Anna E Ordóñez
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
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26
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Winterburn J, Pruessner JC, Sofia C, Schira MM, Lobaugh NJ, Voineskos AN, Chakravarty MM. High-resolution In Vivo Manual Segmentation Protocol for Human Hippocampal Subfields Using 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Vis Exp 2015:e51861. [PMID: 26575133 DOI: 10.3791/51861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human hippocampus has been broadly studied in the context of memory and normal brain function and its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders has been heavily studied. While many imaging studies treat the hippocampus as a single unitary neuroanatomical structure, it is, in fact, composed of several subfields that have a complex three-dimensional geometry. As such, it is known that these subfields perform specialized functions and are differentially affected through the course of different disease states. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used as a powerful tool to interrogate the morphology of the hippocampus and its subfields. Many groups use advanced imaging software and hardware (>3T) to image the subfields; however this type of technology may not be readily available in most research and clinical imaging centers. To address this need, this manuscript provides a detailed step-by-step protocol for segmenting the full anterior-posterior length of the hippocampus and its subfields: cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2/CA3, CA4/dentate gyrus (DG), strata radiatum/lacunosum/moleculare (SR/SL/SM), and subiculum. This protocol has been applied to five subjects (3F, 2M; age 29-57, avg. 37). Protocol reliability is assessed by resegmenting either the right or left hippocampus of each subject and computing the overlap using the Dice's kappa metric. Mean Dice's kappa (range) across the five subjects are: whole hippocampus, 0.91 (0.90-0.92); CA1, 0.78 (0.77-0.79); CA2/CA3, 0.64 (0.56-0.73); CA4/dentate gyrus, 0.83 (0.81-0.85); strata radiatum/lacunosum/moleculare, 0.71 (0.68-0.73); and subiculum 0.75 (0.72-0.78). The segmentation protocol presented here provides other laboratories with a reliable method to study the hippocampus and hippocampal subfields in vivo using commonly available MR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Winterburn
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Douglas Institute, McGill University;
| | | | - Chavez Sofia
- MRI Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
| | - Mark M Schira
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong; Neuroscience Research Australia
| | - Nancy J Lobaugh
- MRI Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Research Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto; Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Douglas Institute, McGill University
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27
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Tang Y, Chen K, Zhou Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Driesen N, Edmiston EK, Chen X, Jiang X, Kong L, Zhou Q, Li H, Wu F, Wang Z, Xu K, Wang F. Neural activity changes in unaffected children of patients with schizophrenia: A resting-state fMRI study. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:360-5. [PMID: 26232869 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that individuals at risk for schizophrenia exhibit structural and functional brain abnormalities. However, few studies focus on resting state baseline activity in individuals with genetic high-risk for schizophrenia (HR). We examined cerebral spontaneous neural activity in HR by measuring the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance signal during resting state. Using a 3T MRI scanner, 28 non-psychotic young adult participants with at least one parent with schizophrenia and 44 matched unrelated healthy comparison subjects (HC) were scanned during the resting-state. The ALFF of the BOLD signal for each participant was calculated, and these values were then compared between-groups using voxel-based analysis of the ALFF maps. The HR group showed significantly increased ALFF compared to the HC group in the striatum, including the left caudate nucleus extending to the putamen and the right caudate nucleus. There was also increased ALFF in HR relative to controls in the left medial temporal region including hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus, as well as regions including the left lateral thalamus, bilateral ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral calcarine sulcus and precuneus. There was significantly decreased ALFF in the HR group relative to controls in the left inferior parietal lobule/postcentral gyrus. Our findings suggest that altered intrinsic neuronal activity in cortico-striato-thalamic networks may represent genetic vulnerability for the development of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Mental Health Center of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Naomi Driesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - E Kale Edmiston
- Vanderbilt Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Liaoning Provincial Mental Center, Kaiyuan, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Marrus N, Belden A, Nishino T, Handler T, Ratnanather JT, Miller M, Barch D, Luby J, Botteron K. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex thinning in preschool-onset depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:79-86. [PMID: 25881284 PMCID: PMC4772729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) is a key center of affect regulation and processing, fundamental aspects of emotional competence which are disrupted in mood disorders. Structural alterations of VMPFC have consistently been observed in adult major depression and are associated with depression severity, yet it is unknown whether young children with depression demonstrate similar abnormalities. We investigated cortical thickness differences in the VMPFC of children with a history of preschool-onset depression (PO-MDD). METHODS Participants in a longitudinal study of PO-MDD underwent structural brain imaging between the ages of 7 and 12 years. Using local cortical distance metrics, cortical thickness of the VMPFC was compared in children with and without a history of PO-MDD. RESULTS Children previously diagnosed with PO-MDD (n=34) had significantly thinner right VMPFC vs. children without a history of PO-MDD [(n=95); F(1,126)=5.97, (p=.016)]. This effect was specific to children with a history of PO-MDD vs. other psychiatric conditions and was independent of comorbid anxiety or externalizing disorders. Decreases in right VMPFC thickness were predicted by preschool depressive symptoms independent of depressive symptoms in school age. LIMITATIONS Results are cross-sectional and cannot distinguish whether thinner right VMPFC represents a vulnerability marker of MDD, consequence of MDD, or marker of remitted MDD. Longitudinal imaging is needed to contextualize how this difference relates to normative VMPFC structural development. CONCLUSIONS Onset of depression at preschool age was associated with decreased cortical thickness of right VMPFC. This finding implicates the VMPFC in depression from very early stages of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Marrus
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
| | - Andrew Belden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ted Handler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - J T Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, John Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Center for Imaging Science, John Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA
| | - Deanna Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Kelly Botteron
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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29
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Delgado-González JC, Mansilla-Legorburo F, Florensa-Vila J, Insausti AM, Viñuela A, Tuñón-Alvarez T, Cruz M, Mohedano-Moriano A, Insausti R, Artacho-Pérula E. Quantitative Measurements in the Human Hippocampus and Related Areas: Correspondence between Ex-Vivo MRI and Histological Preparations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130314. [PMID: 26098887 PMCID: PMC4476703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease of volume estimates in different structures of the medial temporal lobe related to memory correlate with the decline of cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases. This study presents data on the association between MRI quantitative parameters of medial temporal lobe structures and their quantitative estimate in microscopic examination. Twelve control cases had ex-vivo MRI, and thereafter, the temporal lobe of both hemispheres was sectioned from the pole as far as the level of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Nissl stain was used to establish anatomical boundaries between structures in the medial temporal lobe. The study included morphometrical and stereological estimates of the amygdaloid complex, hippocampus, and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, as well as different regions of grey and white matter in the temporal lobe. Data showed a close association between morphometric MRI images values and those based on the histological determination of boundaries. Only values in perimeter and circularity of the piamater were different. This correspondence is also revealed by the stereological study, although irregular compartments resulted in a lesser agreement. Neither age (< 65 yr and > 65 yr) nor hemisphere had any effect. Our results indicate that ex-vivo MRI is highly associated with quantitative information gathered by histological examination, and these data could be used as structural MRI biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Delgado-González
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Mansilla-Legorburo
- Radiology Service, Magnetic Resonance Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Albacete, Spain
| | - José Florensa-Vila
- Radiodiagnostic Service, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (HNP), Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana María Insausti
- Department of Health, Physical Therapy School, Public University of Navarra, Tudela, Spain
| | - Antonio Viñuela
- School of Advanced Education, Research and Accreditation, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computation, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alicia Mohedano-Moriano
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Emilio Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory and C.R.I.B., School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Kogan A, Alpert K, Ambite JL, Marcus DS, Wang L. Northwestern University schizophrenia data sharing for SchizConnect: A longitudinal dataset for large-scale integration. Neuroimage 2015; 124:1196-1201. [PMID: 26087378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an instance of the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST), a schizophrenia-related dataset hosted at XNAT Central, and the SchizConnect data portal used for accessing and sharing the dataset. NUSDAST was built and extended upon existing, standard schemas available for data sharing on XNAT Central (http://central.xnat.org/). With the creation of SchizConnect, we were able to link NUSDAST to other neuroimaging data sources and create a powerful, federated neuroimaging resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kogan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Luis Ambite
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Digital Government Research Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nenadic I, Yotter RA, Sauer H, Gaser C. Patterns of cortical thinning in different subgroups of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206:479-83. [PMID: 25657354 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.148510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of cortical thickness have been shown in imaging studies of schizophrenia but it is unclear to what extent they are related to disease phenotype (including symptom profile) or other aspects such as genetic liability, disease onset and disease progression. AIMS To test the hypothesis that cortical thinning would vary across different subgroups of patients with chronic schizophrenia, delineated according to their symptom profiles. METHOD We compared high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data of 87 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia with 108 controls to detect changes in cortical thickness across the entire brain (P<0.05, false discovery rate-adjusted). The patient group was divided into three subgroups, consisting of patients with predominantly negative, disorganised or paranoid symptoms. RESULTS The negative symptoms subgroup showed the most extensive cortical thinning, whereas thinning in the other subgroups was focused in prefrontal and temporal cortical subregions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support growing evidence of potential subtypes of schizophrenia that have different brain structural deficit profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nenadic
- Igor Nenadic, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Rachel A. Yotter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, and Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Heinrich Sauer, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Christian Gaser, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rachel A Yotter
- Igor Nenadic, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Rachel A. Yotter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, and Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Heinrich Sauer, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Christian Gaser, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Igor Nenadic, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Rachel A. Yotter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, and Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Heinrich Sauer, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Christian Gaser, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Igor Nenadic, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Rachel A. Yotter, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany, and Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Heinrich Sauer, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Christian Gaser, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Smith MJ, Cobia DJ, Reilly JL, Gilman JM, Roberts AG, Alpert KI, Wang L, Breiter HC, Csernansky JG. Cannabis-related episodic memory deficits and hippocampal morphological differences in healthy individuals and schizophrenia subjects. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1042-51. [PMID: 25760303 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use has been associated with episodic memory (EM) impairments and abnormal hippocampus morphology among both healthy individuals and schizophrenia subjects. Considering the hippocampus' role in EM, research is needed to evaluate the relationship between cannabis-related hippocampal morphology and EM among healthy and clinical groups. We examined differences in hippocampus morphology between control and schizophrenia subjects with and without a past (not current) cannabis use disorder (CUD). Subjects group-matched on demographics included 44 healthy controls (CON), 10 subjects with a CUD history (CON-CUD), 28 schizophrenia subjects with no history of substance use disorders (SCZ), and 15 schizophrenia subjects with a CUD history (SCZ-CUD). Large-deformation, high-dimensional brain mapping with MRI produced surface-based representations of the hippocampus that were compared across all four groups and correlated with EM and CUD history. Surface maps of the hippocampus were generated to visualize morphological differences. CON-CUD and SCZ-CUD were characterized by distinct cannabis-related hippocampal shape differences and parametric deficits in EM performance. Shape differences observed in CON-CUD were associated with poorer EM performance, while shape differences observed in SCZ-CUD were associated with a longer duration of CUD and shorter duration of CUD remission. A past history of CUD may be associated with notable differences in hippocampal morphology and EM impairments among adults with and without schizophrenia. Although the results may be compatible with a causal hypothesis, we must consider that the observed cannabis-related shape differences in the hippocampus could also be explained as biomarkers of a neurobiological susceptibility to poor memory or the effects of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Derin J Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea G Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn I Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Roalf DR, Vandekar SN, Almasy L, Ruparel K, Satterthwaite TD, Elliott MA, Podell J, Gallagher S, Jackson CT, Prasad K, Wood J, Pogue-Geile MF, Nimgaonkar VL, Gur RC, Gur RE. Heritability of subcortical and limbic brain volume and shape in multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:137-46. [PMID: 24976379 PMCID: PMC4247350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain abnormalities of subcortical and limbic nuclei are common in patients with schizophrenia, and variation in these structures is considered a putative endophenotype for the disorder. Multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia provide an opportunity to investigate the impact of shared genetic ancestry, but these families have not been previously examined to study structural brain abnormalities. We estimate the heritability of subcortical and hippocampal brain volumes in multiplex-multigenerational families and the heritability of subregions using advanced shape analysis. METHODS The study comprised 439 participants from two sites who underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging. The participants included 190 European-Americans from 32 multiplex-multigenerational families with schizophrenia and 249 healthy comparison subjects. Subcortical and hippocampal volume and shape were measured in 14 brain structures. Heritability was estimated for volume and shape. RESULTS Volume and shape were heritable in families. Estimates of heritability in subcortical and limbic volumes ranged from .45 in the right hippocampus to .84 in the left putamen. The shape of these structures was heritable (range, .40-.49), and specific subregional shape estimates of heritability tended to exceed heritability estimates of volume alone. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that volume and shape of subcortical and limbic brain structures are potential endophenotypic markers in schizophrenia. The specificity obtained using shape analysis may improve selection of imaging phenotypes that better reflect the underlying neurobiology. Our findings can aid in the identification of specific genetic targets that affect brain structure and function in schizophrenia.
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Özkucur N, Quinn KP, Pang JC, Du C, Georgakoudi I, Miller E, Levin M, Kaplan DL. Membrane potential depolarization causes alterations in neuron arrangement and connectivity in cocultures. Brain Behav 2015; 5:24-38. [PMID: 25722947 PMCID: PMC4321392 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disruption of neuron arrangement is associated with several pathologies. In contrast to action potentials, the role of resting potential (Vmem) in regulating connectivity remains unknown. METHODS Neuron assemblies were quantified when their Vmem was depolarized using ivermectin (Ivm), a drug that opens chloride channels, for 24 h in cocultures with astrocytes. Cell aggregation was analyzed using automated cluster analysis methods. Neural connectivity was quantified based on the identification of isolated somas in phase-contrast images using image processing. Vmem was measured using voltage-sensitive dyes and whole-cell patch clamping. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect changes in the distribution and production of the proteins. RESULTS Data show that Vmem regulates cortical tissue shape and connectivity. Automated cluster analysis methods revealed that the degree of neural aggregation was significantly increased (0.26 clustering factor vs. 0.21 in controls, P ≤ 0.01). The number of beta-tubulin III positive neural projections was also significantly increased in the neural aggregates in cocultures with Ivm. Hyperpolarized neuron cells formed fewer connections (33% at 24 h, P ≤ 0.05) compared to control cells in 1-day cultures. Glia cell densities increased (33.3%, P ≤ 0.05) under depolarizing conditions. CONCLUSION Vmem can be a useful tool to probe neuronal cells, disease tissues models, and cortical tissue arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Özkucur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 4 Colby St., Medford, Massachusetts, 02155 ; Biology Department, Tufts University 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 4 Colby St., Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Jin C Pang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University 161 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 4 Colby St., Medford, Massachusetts, 02155 ; Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 4 Colby St., Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University 161 College Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Tufts University 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University 4 Colby St., Medford, Massachusetts, 02155
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Arnold SJM, Ivleva EI, Gopal TA, Reddy AP, Jeon-Slaughter H, Sacco CB, Francis AN, Tandon N, Bidesi AS, Witte B, Poudyal G, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA. Hippocampal volume is reduced in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder but not in psychotic bipolar I disorder demonstrated by both manual tracing and automated parcellation (FreeSurfer). Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:233-49. [PMID: 24557771 PMCID: PMC4266285 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined hippocampal volume as a putative biomarker for psychotic illness in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) psychosis sample, contrasting manual tracing and semiautomated (FreeSurfer) region-of-interest outcomes. The study sample (n = 596) included probands with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 71), schizoaffective disorder (SAD, n = 70), and psychotic bipolar I disorder (BDP, n = 86); their first-degree relatives (SZ-Rel, n = 74; SAD-Rel, n = 62; BDP-Rel, n = 88); and healthy controls (HC, n = 145). Hippocampal volumes were derived from 3Tesla T1-weighted MPRAGE images using manual tracing/3DSlicer3.6.3 and semiautomated parcellation/FreeSurfer5.1,64bit. Volumetric outcomes from both methodologies were contrasted in HC and probands and relatives across the 3 diagnoses, using mixed-effect regression models (SAS9.3 Proc MIXED); Pearson correlations between manual tracing and FreeSurfer outcomes were computed. SZ (P = .0007-.02) and SAD (P = .003-.14) had lower hippocampal volumes compared with HC, whereas BDP showed normal volumes bilaterally (P = .18-.55). All relative groups had hippocampal volumes not different from controls (P = .12-.97) and higher than those observed in probands (P = .003-.09), except for FreeSurfer measures in bipolar probands vs relatives (P = .64-.99). Outcomes from manual tracing and FreeSurfer showed direct, moderate to strong, correlations (r = .51-.73, P < .05). These findings from a large psychosis sample support decreased hippocampal volume as a putative biomarker for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, but not for psychotic bipolar I disorder, and may reflect a cumulative effect of divergent primary disease processes and/or lifetime medication use. Manual tracing and semiautomated parcellation regional volumetric approaches may provide useful outcomes for defining measurable biomarkers underlying severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. M. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Elena I. Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 214-645-8942, fax: 214-648-5321, e-mail:
| | - Tejas A. Gopal
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Anil P. Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Carolyn B. Sacco
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Alan N. Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anup S. Bidesi
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Bradley Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Gaurav Poudyal
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
| | | | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, NE5.110H, Dallas, TX 75235
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Pipitone J, Park MTM, Winterburn J, Lett TA, Lerch JP, Pruessner JC, Lepage M, Voineskos AN, Chakravarty MM. Multi-atlas segmentation of the whole hippocampus and subfields using multiple automatically generated templates. Neuroimage 2014; 101:494-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Seidman LJ, Rosso IM, Thermenos HW, Makris N, Juelich R, Gabrieli JDE, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Medial temporal lobe default mode functioning and hippocampal structure as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: a MRI study of non-psychotic adolescent first-degree relatives. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:426-34. [PMID: 25308834 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clues to the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia can be examined in their first-degree relatives because they are genetically related to an ill family member, and have few confounds like medications. Brain abnormalities observed in young relatives are neurobiological indicators of vulnerability to illness. We examined the hypothesis that the hippocampus and parahippocampus are structurally abnormal and are related to default mode network (DMN) function and cognitive abnormalities in relatives of probands. METHODS Subjects were 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 48 normal controls, ages 13 to 28, undergoing high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T. After structural scan acquisition a subset of subjects performed 2-back working memory (WM) and 0-back tasks during functional MRI (fMRI) alternating with rest. fMRI data were analyzed using SPM-8. Volumes of total cerebrum, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus were measured using semi-automated morphometry. RESULTS Compared to controls, relatives had significantly smaller left hippocampi, without volumetric reduction in the parahippocampus. Relatives showed significantly less suppression of DMN activity in the left parahippocampal gyrus. Left hippocampal and posterior parahippocampal volumes were inversely and significantly associated with DMN processing (smaller volumes, less suppression) in relatives. Task suppression in parahippocampal gyrus significantly correlated with WM performance within the relatives. CONCLUSION Results support the hypothesis that the vulnerability to schizophrenia includes smaller hippocampi and DMN suppression deficits, and these are associated with poorer WM. Findings suggest a primary structural, neurodevelopmental, medial temporal lobe abnormality associated with altered DMN function independent of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Heidi W Thermenos
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nikos Makris
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School Departments of Neurology and Radiology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Richard Juelich
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States; SUNY Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States; University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavior Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Wang WC, Montchal ME, Yonelinas AP, Ragland JD. Hippocampal and parahippocampal cortex volume predicts recollection in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 157:319-20. [PMID: 24893902 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew P Yonelinas
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | - J Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis
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Hippocampal and orbital inferior frontal gray matter volume abnormalities and cognitive deficit in treatment-naive, first-episode patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:339-43. [PMID: 24439000 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. Some evidence suggests an association between cognition deficits and gray matter reductions. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cognitive performance and gray matter volumes in patients with treatment-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia. METHOD First-episode patients with treatment-naïve schizophrenia and healthy controls went through brain imaging scan using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. A neuropsychological battery including 8 neurocognitive tests was used to assess cognitive function. Voxel-based methods were used for volumetric measure in the brain. RESULTS Fifty-one patients and 41 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Patients exhibited a poorer performance on all 7 cognitive function tests compared with healthy controls (ps<0.006). There were significant gray matter volume differences between the two groups in bilateral hippocampus gyri, right superior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus and orbital inferior frontal gyri (FDR, ps<0.05). Within the schizophrenia group, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that poorer performance on the working memory, verbal learning and visual learning was associated with smaller hippocampal gray matter volume, and poorer executive function was associated with smaller left orbital inferior frontal gray matter volume after controlling for potential confounding variables (β ≥ 0.420, ps ≤ 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits are associated with hippocampal and orbital inferior frontal gray matter volume abnormalities in treatment-naïve, first-episode patients with schizophrenia.
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Cooper D, Barker V, Radua J, Fusar-Poli P, Lawrie SM. Multimodal voxel-based meta-analysis of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in those at elevated genetic risk of developing schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:69-77. [PMID: 24239093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Computational brain-imaging studies of individuals at familial high risk for psychosis have provided interesting results, but interpreting these findings can be a challenge due to a number of factors. We searched the literature for studies reporting whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings in people at familial high risk for schizophrenia compared with a control group. A voxel-wise meta-analysis with the effect-size version of Signed Differential Mapping (ES-SDM) identified regional abnormalities of functional brain response. Similarly, an ES-SDM meta-analysis was conducted on VBM studies. A multi-modal imaging meta-analysis was used to highlight brain regions with both structural and functional abnormalities. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, in which a total of 815 familial high-risk individuals were compared to 685 controls. Our fMRI results revealed a number of regions of altered activation. VBM findings demonstrated both increases and decreases in grey matter density of relatives in a variety of brain regions. The multimodal analysis revealed relatives had decreased grey matter with hyper-activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus/amygdala, and decreased grey matter with hypo-activation in the thalamus. We found several regions of altered activation or structure in familial high-risk individuals. Reliable fMRI findings in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus further confirm that alteration in this area is a potential marker of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Victoria Barker
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; FIDMAG Research Unit, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
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Ratnanather JT, Cebron S, Ceyhan E, Postell E, Pisano DV, Poynton CB, Crocker B, Honeycutt NA, Mahon PB, Barta PE. Morphometric differences in planum temporale in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by statistical analysis of labeled cortical depth maps. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:94. [PMID: 25132825 PMCID: PMC4117114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in cortical thickness in the lateral temporal lobe, including the planum temporale (PT), have been reported in MRI studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients. Most of these studies have used a single-valued global or local measure for thickness. However, additional and complementary information can be obtained by generating labeled cortical distance maps (LCDMs), which are distances of labeled gray matter (GM) voxels from the nearest point on the GM/white matter (WM) (inner) cortical surface. Statistical analyses of pooled and censored LCDM distances reveal subtle differences in PT between SCZ and BPD groups from data generated by Ratnanather et al. (Schizophrenia Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.014). These results confirm that the left planum temporale (LPT) is more sensitive than the right PT in distinguishing between SCZ, BPD, and healthy controls. Also confirmed is a strong gender effect, with a thicker PT seen in males than in females. The differences between groups at smaller distances in the LPT revealed by pooled and censored LCDM analysis suggest that SCZ and BPD have different effects on the cortical mantle close to the GM/WM surface. This is consistent with reported subtle changes in the cortical mantle observed in post-mortem studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Shannon Cebron
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Elvan Ceyhan
- Department of Mathematics, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Postell
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Dominic V Pisano
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Clare B Poynton
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Britni Crocker
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Nancy A Honeycutt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Pamela B Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Patrick E Barta
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Wang L, Kogan A, Cobia D, Alpert K, Kolasny A, Miller MI, Marcus D. Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST). Front Neuroinform 2013; 7:25. [PMID: 24223551 PMCID: PMC3819522 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2013.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The schizophrenia research community has invested substantial resources on collecting, managing and sharing large neuroimaging datasets. As part of this effort, our group has collected high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) datasets from individuals with schizophrenia, their non-psychotic siblings, healthy controls and their siblings. This effort has resulted in a growing resource, the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST), an NIH-funded data sharing project to stimulate new research. This resource resides on XNAT Central, and it contains neuroimaging (MR scans, landmarks and surface maps for deep subcortical structures, and FreeSurfer cortical parcellation and measurement data), cognitive (cognitive domain scores for crystallized intelligence, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function), clinical (demographic, sibling relationship, SAPS and SANS psychopathology), and genetic (20 polymorphisms) data, collected from more than 450 subjects, most with 2-year longitudinal follow-up. A neuroimaging mapping, analysis and visualization software tool, CAWorks, is also part of this resource. Moreover, in making our existing neuroimaging data along with the associated meta-data and computational tools publically accessible, we have established a web-based information retrieval portal that allows the user to efficiently search the collection. This research-ready dataset meaningfully combines neuroimaging data with other relevant information, and it can be used to help facilitate advancing neuroimaging research. It is our hope that this effort will help to overcome some of the commonly recognized technical barriers in advancing neuroimaging research such as lack of local organization and standard descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Kogan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Derin Cobia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Alpert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony Kolasny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
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Ceyhan E, Nishino T, Alexopolous D, Todd RD, Botteron KN, Miller MI, Ratnanather JT. Censoring distances based on labeled cortical distance maps in cortical morphometry. Front Neurol 2013; 4:155. [PMID: 24133482 PMCID: PMC3796290 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that shape differences in cortical structures may be manifested in neuropsychiatric disorders. Such morphometric differences can be measured by labeled cortical distance mapping (LCDM) which characterizes the morphometry of the laminar cortical mantle of cortical structures. LCDM data consist of signed/labeled distances of gray matter (GM) voxels with respect to GM/white matter (WM) surface. Volumes and other summary measures for each subject and the pooled distances can help determine the morphometric differences between diagnostic groups, however they do not reveal all the morphometric information contained in LCDM distances. To extract more information from LCDM data, censoring of the pooled distances is introduced for each diagnostic group where the range of LCDM distances is partitioned at a fixed increment size; and at each censoring step, the distances not exceeding the censoring distance are kept. Censored LCDM distances inherit the advantages of the pooled distances but also provide information about the location of morphometric differences which cannot be obtained from the pooled distances. However, at each step, the censored distances aggregate, which might confound the results. The influence of data aggregation is investigated with an extensive Monte Carlo simulation analysis and it is demonstrated that this influence is negligible. As an illustrative example, GM of ventral medial prefrontal cortices (VMPFCs) of subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), subjects at high risk (HR) of MDD, and healthy control (Ctrl) subjects are used. A significant reduction in laminar thickness of the VMPFC in MDD and HR subjects is observed compared to Ctrl subjects. Moreover, the GM LCDM distances (i.e., locations with respect to the GM/WM surface) for which these differences start to occur are determined. The methodology is also applicable to LCDM-based morphometric measures of other cortical structures affected by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Ceyhan
- Department of Mathematics, Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Thermenos HW, Keshavan MS, Juelich RJ, Molokotos E, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Brent BK, Makris N, Seidman LJ. A review of neuroimaging studies of young relatives of individuals with schizophrenia: a developmental perspective from schizotaxia to schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:604-35. [PMID: 24132894 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify the developing abnormalities preceding psychosis, Dr. Ming T. Tsuang and colleagues at Harvard expanded Meehl's concept of "schizotaxia," and examined brain structure and function in families affected by schizophrenia (SZ). Here, we systematically review genetic (familial) high-risk (HR) studies of SZ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), examine how findings inform models of SZ etiology, and suggest directions for future research. Neuroimaging studies of youth at HR for SZ through the age of 30 were identified through a MEDLINE (PubMed) search. There is substantial evidence of gray matter volume abnormalities in youth at HR compared to controls, with an accelerated volume reduction over time in association with symptoms and cognitive deficits. In structural neuroimaging studies, prefrontal cortex (PFC) alterations were the most consistently reported finding in HR. There was also consistent evidence of smaller hippocampal volume. In functional studies, hyperactivity of the right PFC during performance of diverse tasks with common executive demands was consistently reported. The only longitudinal fMRI study to date revealed increasing left middle temporal activity in association with the emergence of psychotic symptoms. There was preliminary evidence of cerebellar and default mode network alterations in association with symptoms. Brain abnormalities in structure, function and neurochemistry are observed in the premorbid period in youth at HR for SZ. Future research should focus on the genetic and environmental contributions to these alterations, determine how early they emerge, and determine whether they can be partially or fully remediated by innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Thermenos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Brent BK, Thermenos HW, Keshavan MS, Seidman LJ. Gray Matter Alterations in Schizophrenia High-Risk Youth and Early-Onset Schizophrenia: A Review of Structural MRI Findings. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2013; 22:689-714. [PMID: 24012081 PMCID: PMC3767930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on structural magnetic resonance imaging findings in pediatric and young adult populations at clinical or genetic high-risk for schizophrenia and early-onset schizophrenia. The implications of this research are discussed for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and for early intervention strategies. The evidence linking brain structural changes in prepsychosis development and early-onset schizophrenia with disruptions of normal neurodevelopmental processes during childhood or adolescence is described. Future directions are outlined for research to address knowledge gaps regarding the neurobiological basis of brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia and to improve the usefulness of these abnormalities for preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Brent
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Public Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Di Giorgio A, Gelao B, Caforio G, Romano R, Andriola I, D'Ambrosio E, Papazacharias A, Elifani F, Bianco LL, Taurisano P, Fazio L, Popolizio T, Blasi G, Bertolino A. Evidence that hippocampal-parahippocampal dysfunction is related to genetic risk for schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1661-1671. [PMID: 23111173 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in hippocampal-parahippocampal (H-PH) function are prominent features of schizophrenia and have been associated with deficits in episodic memory. However, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities represent a phenotype related to genetic risk for schizophrenia or whether they are related to disease state. METHOD We investigated H-PH-mediated behavior and physiology, using blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI), during episodic memory in a sample of patients with schizophrenia, clinically unaffected siblings and healthy subjects. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings displayed abnormalities in episodic memory performance. During an fMRI memory encoding task, both patients and siblings demonstrated a similar pattern of reduced H-PH engagement compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the inability of patients with schizophrenia to properly engage the H-PH during episodic memory is related to genetic risk for the disorder. Therefore, H-PH dysfunction can be assumed as a schizophrenia susceptibility-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Giorgio
- IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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Libby LA, Yonelinas AP, Ranganath C, Ragland JD. Recollection and familiarity in schizophrenia: a quantitative review. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:944-50. [PMID: 23245761 PMCID: PMC3609900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recognition memory judgments can be based on recollection of qualitative information about an earlier study event or on assessments of stimulus familiarity. Schizophrenia is associated with pronounced deficits in overall recognition memory, and these deficits are highly predictive of global functioning. However, the extent to which these deficits reflect impairments in recollection or familiarity is less well understood. In the current article, we reviewed studies that used remember-know-new, process dissociation, and receiver operating characteristic procedures to investigate recollection and familiarity in schizophrenia. We also performed a quantitative reanalysis of these study results to obtain recollection and familiarity estimates that account for methodological differences between studies. Contrary to previous conclusions that recollection is selectively impaired in schizophrenia, we found evidence for both familiarity and recollection deficits across studies, suggesting multi-focal medial temporal lobe and/or prefrontal cortex dysfunction. The familiarity deficits were more variable with frequent small-to-medium rather than medium-to-large effect sizes, suggesting that familiarity could be potentially used as a compensatory ability, whereas recollection is conceptualized as a therapeutic target for new treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Libby
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John D. Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA
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48
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Ahmed AO, Buckley PF, Hanna M. Neuroimaging schizophrenia: a picture is worth a thousand words, but is it saying anything important? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2013; 15:345. [PMID: 23397252 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-012-0345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by neurostructural and neurofunctional aberrations that have now been demonstrated through neuroimaging research. The article reviews recent studies that have attempted to use neuroimaging to understand the relation between neurological abnormalities and aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show that neurostructural and neurofunctional abnormalities are present in people with schizophrenia and their close relatives and may represent putative endophenotypes. Neuroimaging phenotypes predict the emergence of psychosis in individuals classified as high-risk. Neuroimaging studies have linked structural and functional abnormalities to symptoms; and progressive structural changes to clinical course and functional outcome. Neuroimaging has successfully indexed the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of schizophrenia treatments. Pictures can inform about aspects of the phenomenology of schizophrenia including etiology, onset, symptoms, clinical course, and treatment effects but this assertion is tempered by the scientific and practical limitations of neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony O Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Health Sciences University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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