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Akgül Ö, Fide E, Özel F, Alptekin K, Bora E, Akdede BB, Yener G. Early and late contingent negative variation (CNV) reflect different aspects of deficits in schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2875-2889. [PMID: 38658367 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal reward processing and psychomotor slowing are well-known in schizophrenia (SZ). As a slow frontocentral potential, contingent negative variation (CNV) is associated with anticipatory attention, motivation and motor planning. The present study aims to evaluate the early and late amplitude and latencies of CNV in patients with SZ compared to healthy controls during a reward processing task and to show its association with clinical symptoms. We recruited 21 patients with SZ and 22 healthy controls to compare early and late CNV amplitude and latency values during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task between groups. Patients' symptom severity, levels of negative symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed. Clinical features of the patients were further examined for their relation with CNV components. In conclusion, we found decreased early CNV amplitudes in SZ during the reward condition. They also displayed diminished and shortened late CNV responses for incentive cues, specifically at the central location. Furthermore, early CNV amplitudes exhibited a significant correlation with positive symptoms. Both CNV latencies were linked with medication dosage and the behavioural outcomes of the MID task. We revealed that early and late CNV exhibit different functions in neurophysiology and correspond to various facets of the deficits observed in patients. Our findings also emphasized that slow cortical potentials are indicative of deficient motivational processes as well as impaired reaction preparation in SZ. To gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive and motor impairments associated with psychosis, future studies must compare the effects of CNV in the early and late phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Akgül
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Fide
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Health, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatih Özel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Binnur Akdede
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev Yener
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Hamzehpour L, Bohn T, Dutsch V, Jaspers L, Grimm O. From brain to body: exploring the connection between altered reward processing and physical fitness in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115877. [PMID: 38555826 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that link psychopathology and physical comorbidities in schizophrenia is crucial since decreased physical fitness and overweight pose major risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases and decrease the patients' life expectancies. We hypothesize that altered reward anticipation plays an important role in this. We implemented the Monetary Incentive Delay task in a MR scanner and a fitness test battery to compare schizophrenia patients (SZ, n = 43) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 36) as to reward processing and their physical fitness. We found differences in reward anticipation between SZs and HCs, whereby increased activity in HCs positively correlated with overall physical condition and negatively correlated with psychopathology. On the other handy, SZs revealed stronger activity in the posterior cingulate cortex and in cerebellar regions during reward anticipation, which could be linked to decreased overall physical fitness. These findings demonstrate that a dysregulated reward system is not only responsible for the symptomatology of schizophrenia, but might also be involved in physical comorbidities which could pave the way for future lifestyle therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hamzehpour
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty 15 Biological Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tamara Bohn
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentin Dutsch
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucia Jaspers
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Sportelli L, Eisenberg DP, Passiatore R, D'Ambrosio E, Antonucci LA, Bettina JS, Chen Q, Goldman AL, Gregory MD, Griffiths K, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Pardiñas AF, Parihar M, Popolizio T, Rampino A, Shin JH, Veronese M, Ulrich WS, Zink CF, Bertolino A, Howes OD, Berman KF, Weinberger DR, Pergola G. Dopamine signaling enriched striatal gene set predicts striatal dopamine synthesis and physiological activity in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3342. [PMID: 38688917 PMCID: PMC11061310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The polygenic architecture of schizophrenia implicates several molecular pathways involved in synaptic function. However, it is unclear how polygenic risk funnels through these pathways to translate into syndromic illness. Using tensor decomposition, we analyze gene co-expression in the caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of post-mortem brain samples from 358 individuals. We identify a set of genes predominantly expressed in the caudate nucleus and associated with both clinical state and genetic risk for schizophrenia that shows dopaminergic selectivity. A higher polygenic risk score for schizophrenia parsed by this set of genes predicts greater dopamine synthesis in the striatum and greater striatal activation during reward anticipation. These results translate dopamine-linked genetic risk variation into in vivo neurochemical and hemodynamic phenotypes in the striatum that have long been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sportelli
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel P Eisenberg
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberta Passiatore
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Ambrosio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jasmine S Bettina
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Gregory
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kira Griffiths
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Holmusk Technologies, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Madhur Parihar
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- Radiology Department, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - William S Ulrich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline F Zink
- Baltimore Research and Education Foundation, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Karen F Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Carruzzo F, Kaliuzhna M, Kuenzi N, Geffen T, Katthagen T, Schlagenhauf F, Kaiser S. Striatal Response to Reward Anticipation as a Biomarker for Schizophrenia and Negative Symptoms: Effects, Test-Retest Reliability, and Stability Across Sites. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae046. [PMID: 38641344 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventral striatal hypoactivation during reward anticipation has consistently been observed in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, that hypoactivation has been shown to correlate negatively with negative symptoms, and in particular with apathy. However, little is known about the stability of these results over time and their reliability across different centers. METHODS In total, 67 patients with schizophrenia (15 females) and 55 healthy controls (13 females) were recruited in 2 centers in Switzerland and Germany. To assess the neural bases of reward anticipation, all participants performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task while undergoing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 3 months. Stability over time was measured using intra-class correlation (ICC(A,1)) and stability between centers was measured with mixed models. RESULTS Results showed the expected ventral striatal hypoactivation in patients compared to controls during reward anticipation. We showed that these results were stable across centers. The primary analysis did not reveal an effect of time. Test-retest reliability was moderate for controls, and poor for patients. We did not find an association between ventral striatal hypoactivation and negative symptoms in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results align with the hypothesis that ventral striatal activation is related to modulation of motivational saliency during reward anticipation. They also confirm that patients with schizophrenia show impaired reward anticipation. However, the poor test-retest reliability and the absence of an association with symptoms suggests that further research is needed before ventral striatal activity can be used as a biomarker on the individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Carruzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Laboratory, University Hospital Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - Mariia Kaliuzhna
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Laboratory, University Hospital Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Kuenzi
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Laboratory, University Hospital Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - Tal Geffen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Katthagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology Laboratory, University Hospital Geneva, Thônex, Switzerland
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5
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Sportelli L, Eisenberg DP, Passiatore R, D'Ambrosio E, Antonucci LA, Chen Q, Czarapata J, Goldman AL, Gregory M, Griffiths K, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Pardiñas AF, Parihar M, Popolizio T, Rampino A, Shin JH, Veronese M, Ulrich WS, Zink CF, Bertolino A, Howes OD, Berman KF, Weinberger DR, Pergola G. Dopamine and schizophrenia from bench to bedside: Discovery of a striatal co-expression risk gene set that predicts in vivo measures of striatal function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558594. [PMID: 37786720 PMCID: PMC10541621 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by a polygenic risk architecture implicating diverse molecular pathways important for synaptic function. However, how polygenic risk funnels through these pathways to translate into syndromic illness is unanswered. To evaluate biologically meaningful pathways of risk, we used tensor decomposition to characterize gene co-expression in post-mortem brain (of neurotypicals: N=154; patients with SCZ: N=84; and GTEX samples N=120) from caudate nucleus (CN), hippocampus (HP), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We identified a CN-predominant gene set showing dopaminergic selectivity that was enriched for genes associated with clinical state and for genes associated with SCZ risk. Parsing polygenic risk score for SCZ based on this specific gene set (parsed-PRS), we found that greater pathway-specific SCZ risk predicted greater in vivo striatal dopamine synthesis capacity measured by [ 18 F]-FDOPA PET in three independent cohorts of neurotypicals and patients (total N=235) and greater fMRI striatal activation during reward anticipation in two additional independent neurotypical cohorts (total N=141). These results reveal a 'bench to bedside' translation of dopamine-linked genetic risk variation in driving in vivo striatal neurochemical and hemodynamic phenotypes that have long been implicated in the pathophysiology of SCZ.
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6
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Tangmose K, Rostrup E, Bojesen KB, Sigvard A, Glenthøj BY, Nielsen MØ. Clinical response to treatment with a partial dopamine agonist is related to changes in reward processing. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115308. [PMID: 37399765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal coding of reward processing has been linked to psychosis. It remains unresolved how treatment with a partial dopamine agonist affects reward processing, and whether treatment affects reward processing differently in patients responding and not responding to treatment. Here, 33 antipsychotic-naïve psychosis patients and 33 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after patients received aripiprazole monotherapy for six weeks. Processing of motivational salient events and negative outcome evaluation (NOE) was examined using a monetary incentive delay task. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and responders were identified by having ≥30% reduction in positive symptoms (N=21). At baseline, patients displayed an increased NOE signal in the caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to healthy controls. In the caudate, the NOE signal was normalized at follow-up, and normalization was driven by responders. In responders only, there was a significant improvement in the motivational salience signal in the caudate at follow-up. Motivational salience and NOE signals in the caudate may be associated with a dopaminergic mechanism in patients characterized as responders which may not be the case in non-responders. Likewise, non-dopaminergic mechanism may underly abnormal NOE processing in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Y Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Purcell JR, Brown JW, Tullar RL, Bloomer BF, Kim DJ, Moussa-Tooks AB, Dolan-Bennett K, Bangert BM, Wisner KM, Lundin NB, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Insular and Striatal Correlates of Uncertain Risky Reward Pursuit in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:726-737. [PMID: 36869757 PMCID: PMC10154703 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Risk-taking in specific contexts can be beneficial, leading to rewarding outcomes. Schizophrenia is associated with disadvantageous decision-making, as subjects pursue uncertain risky rewards less than controls. However, it is unclear whether this behavior is associated with more risk sensitivity or less reward incentivization. Matching on demographics and intelligence quotient (IQ), we determined whether risk-taking was more associated with brain activation in regions affiliated with risk evaluation or reward processing. STUDY DESIGN Subjects (30 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, 30 controls) completed a modified, fMRI Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Brain activation was modeled during decisions to pursue risky rewards and parametrically modeled according to risk level. STUDY RESULTS The schizophrenia group exhibited less risky-reward pursuit despite previous adverse outcomes (Average Explosions; F(1,59) = 4.06, P = .048) but the comparable point at which risk-taking was volitionally discontinued (Adjusted Pumps; F(1,59) = 2.65, P = .11). Less activation was found in schizophrenia via whole brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses in the right (F(1,59) = 14.91, P < 0.001) and left (F(1,59) = 16.34, P < 0.001) nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during decisions to pursue rewards relative to riskiness. Risk-taking correlated with IQ in schizophrenia, but not controls. Path analyses of average ROI activation revealed less statistically determined influence of anterior insula upon dorsal anterior cingulate bilaterally (left: χ2 = 12.73, P < .001; right: χ2 = 9.54, P = .002) during risky reward pursuit in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS NAcc activation in schizophrenia varied less according to the relative riskiness of uncertain rewards compared to controls, suggesting aberrations in reward processing. The lack of activation differences in other regions suggests similar risk evaluation. Less insular influence on the anterior cingulate may relate to attenuated salience attribution or inability for risk-related brain region collaboration to sufficiently perceive situational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Purcell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua W Brown
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Rachel L Tullar
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine Dolan-Bennett
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Washington University, St. Louise, MO, USA
| | - Brianna M Bangert
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nancy B Lundin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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8
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Tangmose K, Rostrup E, Bojesen KB, Sigvard A, Jessen K, Johansen LB, Glenthøj BY, Nielsen MØ. Reward disturbances in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis and their association to glutamate levels. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1629-1638. [PMID: 37010221 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant anticipation of motivational salient events and processing of outcome evaluation in striatal and prefrontal regions have been suggested to underlie psychosis. Altered glutamate levels have likewise been linked to schizophrenia. Glutamatergic abnormalities may affect the processing of motivational salience and outcome evaluation. It remains unresolved, whether glutamatergic dysfunction is associated with the coding of motivational salience and outcome evaluation in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. METHODS Fifty-one antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis (22 ± 5.2 years, female/male: 31/20) and 52 healthy controls (HC) matched on age, sex, and parental education underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3T) in one session. Brain responses to motivational salience and negative outcome evaluation (NOE) were examined using a monetary incentive delay task. Glutamate levels were estimated in the left thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex using LCModel. RESULTS Patients displayed a positive signal change to NOE in the caudate (p = 0.001) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; p = 0.003) compared to HC. No group difference was observed in motivational salience or in levels of glutamate. There was a different association between NOE signal in the caudate and DLPFC and thalamic glutamate levels in patients and HC due to a negative correlation in patients (caudate: p = 0.004, DLPFC: p = 0.005) that was not seen in HC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm prior findings of abnormal outcome evaluation as a part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The results also suggest a possible link between thalamic glutamate and NOE signaling in patients with first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten B Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Jessen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Louise Baruël Johansen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Y Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Baklushev ME, Nazarova MA, Novikov PA, Nikulin VV. [Methods for assessing aberrant and adaptive salience]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:30-35. [PMID: 37655407 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312308130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The term «salience» is most often used to describe «aberrant salience», which means assigning false significance to insignificant facts and details, that is inherent to patients with schizophrenia. Most often it is used in combination with «aberrant salience», which is understood as the assignment of false significance to insignificant facts and details. The term «adaptive salience» is less commonly used and means the «correct» assignment of the significance to important biological information. It is believed that in schizophrenia there is a decrease of adaptive salience in combination with an increase of aberrant salience. The concepts of aberrant and adaptive salience are a kind of link between the dopamine imbalance underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the diverse clinic of the disease. This article provides a review of the literature on methods for assessing, including quantitatively assessment, salience in schizophrenia. The comparison of these methods and their possible clinical and scientific application are provided.
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10
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Zeng J, Yan J, Cao H, Su Y, Song Y, Luo Y, Yang X. Neural substrates of reward anticipation and outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of fMRI findings in the monetary incentive delay task. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:448. [PMID: 36244990 PMCID: PMC9573872 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward system is a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ), yet its precise contributions to different stages of reward processing and their relevance to disease symptomology are not fully understood. We performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis, using the monetary incentive delay task, to identify which brain regions are implicated in different reward phases in functional magnetic resonance imaging in SZ. A total of 17 studies (368 SZ and 428 controls) were included in the reward anticipation, and 10 studies (229 SZ and 281 controls) were included in the reward outcome. Our meta-analysis revealed that during anticipation, patients showed hypoactivation in the striatum, anterior cingulate cortex, median cingulate cortex (MCC), amygdala, precentral gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus compared with controls. Striatum hypoactivation was negatively associated with negative symptoms and positively associated with the proportion of second-generation antipsychotic users (percentage of SGA users). During outcome, patients displayed hyperactivation in the striatum, insula, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, postcentral gyrus, and MCC, and hypoactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Hypoactivity of mPFC during outcome was negatively associated with positive symptoms. Moderator analysis showed that the percentage of SGA users was a significant moderator of the association between symptom severity and brain activity in both the anticipation and outcome stages. Our findings identified the neural substrates for different reward phases in SZ and may help explain the neuropathological mechanisms underlying reward processing deficits in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zeng
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Jiangnan Yan
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY USA ,grid.440243.50000 0004 0453 5950Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY USA
| | - Yueyue Su
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Yuan Song
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Ya Luo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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11
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Soldevila-Matías P, García-Martí G, Fuentes-Durá I, Ruiz JC, González-Navarro L, González-Vivas C, Radua J, Sanjuán J. Brain activity changes with emotional words in different stages of psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 66:e25. [PMID: 36193735 PMCID: PMC10044295 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, a large number of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been conducted on psychosis. However, little is known about changes in brain functioning in psychotic patients using an emotional auditory paradigm at different stages of the disease. Such knowledge is important for advancing our understanding of the disorder and thus creating more targeted interventions. This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic schizophrenia show abnormal brain responses to emotional auditory processing and to compare the responses between FEP and chronic schizophrenia. METHODS Patients with FEP (n = 31) or chronic schizophrenia (n = 23) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 31) underwent an fMRI scan while presented with both emotional and nonemotional words. RESULTS Using HC as a reference, patients with FEP showed decreased right temporal activation, while patients with chronic schizophrenia showed increased bilateral temporal activation. When comparing the patient groups, individuals with FEP showed lower frontal lobe activation. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with an emotional auditory paradigm used in psychotic patients at different stages of the disease. Our results suggested that the temporal lobe might be a key issue in the physiopathology of psychosis, although abnormal activation could also be derived from a connectivity problem. There is lower activation in the early stage and evolution to greater activation when patients become chronic. This study highlights the relevance of using emotional paradigms to better understand brain activation at different stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Soldevila-Matías
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Research Institute of Clinic University Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Gracián García-Martí
- CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Engineering Unit/Radiology Department, Quirónsalud Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuentes-Durá
- Research Institute of Clinic University Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz
- Department of Behavioural Sciences Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos González-Vivas
- Research Institute of Clinic University Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Research Institute of Clinic University Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Valencia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Valencia School of Medicine, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Nielsen MØ, Rostrup E, Hilker R, Legind C, Anhøj S, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Fagerlund B, Glenthøj B. Reward Processing as an Indicator of Vulnerability or Compensatory Resilience in Psychoses? Results From a Twin Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 3:47-55. [PMID: 36712565 PMCID: PMC9874133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Findings of reward disturbances in unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia suggest reward disturbances as an endophenotype for schizophrenia. Twin studies, where 1 twin has been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, can further explore this. Methods We used Danish registries to identify twin pairs with at least 1 twin having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis and control twin pairs matched on age, sex, and zygosity. The analyses included data from 34 unaffected co-twins (16 females), 42 probands with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (17 females), and 83 control twins (42 females). Participants performed a modified incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain group differences were analyzed by performing comparisons between co-twins and control twins. Correlations with cognitive flexibility were tested. Results Compared with control twins, co-twins showed no differences in striatal regions, but increased signal in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during missed target contrast was observed. In co-twins, increased DLPFC signal was associated with lower intra-extra dimensional set-shifting scores indicative of higher cognitive flexibility. Conclusions Unaffected co-twins did not have decreased striatal activity during anticipation as previously reported for patients with schizophrenia. Instead, they showed increased activity in the DLPFC during evaluation of missed target contrast, which correlated with their level of cognitive flexibility. Unaffected co-twins had no diagnosis at a mean age of 40 years. This could indicate that greater cognitive flexibility and increased activity in the right DLPFC during processing of unexpected negative outcome represents a compensatory resilience mechanism in predisposed twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Address correspondence to Mette Ødegaard Nielsen, M.D., Ph.D.
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hilker
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Legind
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Anhøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trevor William Robbins
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Ventral Striatal-Hippocampus Coupling During Reward Processing as a Stratification Biomarker for Psychotic Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:216-225. [PMID: 34607654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered ventral striatal (vST) activation to reward expectancy is a well-established intermediate phenotype for psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia (SZ). Preclinical research suggests that striatal alterations are related to a reduced inhibition by the hippocampal formation, but its role in human transdiagnostic reward-network dysfunctions is not well understood. METHODS We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging during reward processing in 728 individuals including healthy control subjects (n = 396), patients (SZ: n = 46; bipolar disorder: n = 45; major depressive disorder: n = 60), and unaffected first-degree relatives (SZ: n = 46; bipolar disorder: n = 50; major depressive disorder: n = 85). We assessed disorder-specific differences in functional vST-hippocampus coupling and transdiagnostic associations with dimensional measures of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. We also probed the genetic underpinning using polygenic risk scores for SZ in a subset of healthy participants (n = 295). RESULTS Functional vST-hippocampus coupling was 1) reduced in patients with SZ and bipolar disorder (pFWE < .05, small-volume corrected [SVC]); 2) associated transdiagnostically to dimensional measures of positive (pFWE = .01, SVC) and cognitive (pFWE = .02, SVC), but not negative, (pFWE > .05, SVC) symptoms; and 3) reduced in first-degree relatives of patients with SZ (pFWE = .017, SVC) and linked to the genetic risk for SZ in healthy participants (p = .035). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that reduced vST-hippocampus coupling during reward processing is an endophenotype for SZ linked to positive and cognitive symptoms, supporting current preclinical models of the emergence of psychosis. Moreover, our data indicate that vST-hippocampus coupling is familial and linked to polygenic scores for SZ, supporting the use of this measure as an intermediate phenotype for psychotic disorders.
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14
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Demro C, Mueller BA, Kent JS, Burton PC, Olman CA, Schallmo MP, Lim KO, Sponheim SR. The psychosis human connectome project: An overview. Neuroimage 2021; 241:118439. [PMID: 34339830 PMCID: PMC8542422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations within the Human Connectome Project have expanded to include studies focusing on brain disorders. This paper describes one of the investigations focused on psychotic psychopathology: The psychosis Human Connectome Project (P-HCP). The data collected as part of this project were multimodal and derived from clinical assessments of psychopathology, cognitive assessments, instrument-based motor assessments, blood specimens, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The dataset will be made publicly available through the NIMH Data Archive. In this report we provide specific information on how the sample of participants was obtained and characterized and describe the experimental tasks and procedures used to probe neural functions involved in psychotic disorders that may also mark genetic liability for psychotic psychopathology. Our goal in this paper is to outline the data acquisition process so that researchers intending to use these publicly available data can plan their analyses. MRI data described in this paper are limited to data acquired at 3 Tesla. A companion paper describes the study's 7 Tesla image acquisition protocol in detail, which is focused on visual perceptual functions in psychotic psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United State
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jerillyn S Kent
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Philip C Burton
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United State
| | - Cheryl A Olman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United State
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United State
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United State; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United State.
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15
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Neural Correlates of Aberrant Salience and Source Monitoring in Schizophrenia and At-Risk Mental States-A Systematic Review of fMRI Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184126. [PMID: 34575237 PMCID: PMC8468329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive biases are an important factor contributing to the development and symptom severity of psychosis. Despite the fact that various cognitive biases are contributing to psychosis, they are rarely investigated together. In the current systematic review, we aimed at investigating specific and shared functional neural correlates of two important cognitive biases: aberrant salience and source monitoring. We conducted a systematic search of fMRI studies of said cognitive biases. Eight studies on aberrant salience and eleven studies on source monitoring were included in the review. We critically discussed behavioural and neuroimaging findings concerning cognitive biases. Various brain regions are associated with aberrant salience and source monitoring in individuals with schizophrenia and the risk of psychosis. The ventral striatum and insula contribute to aberrant salience. The medial prefrontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyrus contribute to source monitoring. The anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus contribute to both cognitive biases, constituting a neural overlap. Our review indicates that aberrant salience and source monitoring may share neural mechanisms, suggesting their joint role in producing disrupted external attributions of perceptual and cognitive experiences, thus elucidating their role in positive symptoms of psychosis. Account bridging mechanisms of these two biases is discussed. Further studies are warranted.
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16
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Yaple ZA, Tolomeo S, Yu R. Mapping working memory-specific dysfunction using a transdiagnostic approach. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102747. [PMID: 34256292 PMCID: PMC8278205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Working memory (WM) is an executive ability that allows one to hold and manipulate information for a short period of time. Schizophrenia and mood disorders are severe psychiatric conditions with overlapping genetic and clinical symptoms. Whilst WM has been suggested as meeting the criteria for being an endophenotype for schizophrenia and mood disorders, it still unclear whether they share overlapping neural circuitry. Objective The n-back task has been widely used to measure WM capacity, such as maintenance, flexible updating, and interference control. Here we compiled studies that included psychiatric populations, i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Methods We performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis that combined 34 BOLD-fMRI studies comparing activity associated with n-back working memory between psychiatric patients and healthy controls. We specifically focused our search using the n-back task to diminish study heterogeneity. Results All patient groups showed blunted activity in the striatum, anterior insula and frontal lobe. The same brain networks related to WM were compromised in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Conclusion Our findings support the suggestion of commonal functional abnormalities across schizophrenia and mood disorders related to WM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Yang ZY, Zhang RT, Wang YM, Huang J, Zhou HY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Altered activation and functional connectivity in individuals with social anhedonia when envisioning positive future episodes. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33775271 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipatory pleasure deficits are closely correlated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and may be found in both clinical and subclinical populations along the psychosis continuum. Prospection, which is an important component of anticipatory pleasure, is impaired in individuals with social anhedonia (SocAnh). In this study, we examined the neural correlates of envisioning positive future events in individuals with SocAnh. METHODS Forty-nine individuals with SocAnh and 33 matched controls were recruited to undergo functional MRI scanning, during which they were instructed to simulate positive or neutral future episodes according to cue words. Two stages of prospection were distinguished: construction and elaboration. RESULTS Reduced activation at the caudate and the precuneus when prospecting positive (v. neutral) future events was observed in individuals with SocAnh. Furthermore, compared with controls, increased functional connectivity between the caudate and the inferior occipital gyrus during positive (v. neutral) prospection was found in individuals with SocAnh. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of brain activation for the construction v. elaboration contrast, regardless of the emotional context. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence on the neural mechanism of anticipatory pleasure deficits in subclinical individuals with SocAnh and suggest that altered cortico-striatal circuit may play a role in anticipatory pleasure deficits in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ya Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, PR China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, PR China
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18
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Hawkins PCT, Zelaya FO, O'Daly O, Holiga S, Dukart J, Umbricht D, Mehta MA. The effect of risperidone on reward-related brain activity is robust to drug-induced vascular changes. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2766-2777. [PMID: 33666305 PMCID: PMC8127149 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) mediated brain activity is intimately linked to reward‐driven cerebral responses, while aberrant reward processing has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. fMRI has been a valuable tool in understanding the mechanism by which DA modulators alter reward‐driven responses and how they may exert their therapeutic effect. However, the potential effects of a pharmacological compound on aspects of neurovascular coupling may cloud the interpretability of the BOLD contrast. Here, we assess the effects of risperidone on reward driven BOLD signals produced by reward anticipation and outcome, while attempting to control for potential drug effects on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Healthy male volunteers (n = 21) each received a single oral dose of either 0.5 mg, 2 mg of risperidone or placebo in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised, three‐period cross‐over study design. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while performing the widely used Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to assess drug impact on reward function. Measures of CBF (Arterial Spin Labelling) and breath‐hold challenge induced BOLD signal changes (as a proxy for CVR) were also acquired and included as covariates. Risperidone produced divergent, dose‐dependent effects on separate phases of reward processing, even after controlling for potential nonneuronal influences on the BOLD signal. These data suggest the D2 antagonist risperidone has a wide‐ranging influence on DA‐mediated reward function independent of nonneuronal factors. We also illustrate that assessment of potential vascular confounds on the BOLD signal may be advantageous when investigating CNS drug action and advocate for the inclusion of these additional measures into future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C T Hawkins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando O Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Holiga
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Umbricht
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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Dopamine manipulations modulate paranoid social inferences in healthy people. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:214. [PMID: 32624569 PMCID: PMC7335741 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered dopamine transmission is thought to influence the formation of persecutory delusions. However, despite extensive evidence from clinical studies there is little experimental evidence on how modulating the dopamine system changes social attributions related to paranoia, and the salience of beliefs more generally. Twenty seven healthy male participants received 150mg L-DOPA, 3 mg haloperidol, or placebo in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, over three within-subject sessions. Participants completed a multi-round Dictator Game modified to measure social attributions, and a measure of belief salience spanning themes of politics, religion, science, morality, and the paranormal. We preregistered predictions that altering dopamine function would affect (i) attributions of harmful intent and (ii) salience of paranormal beliefs. As predicted, haloperidol reduced attributions of harmful intent across all conditions compared to placebo. L-DOPA reduced attributions of harmful intent in fair conditions compared to placebo. Unexpectedly, haloperidol increased attributions of self-interest about opponents' decisions. There was no change in belief salience within any theme. These results could not be explained by scepticism or subjective mood. Our findings demonstrate the selective involvement of dopamine in social inferences related to paranoia in healthy individuals.
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20
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Oh S, Kim M, Kim T, Lee TY, Kwon JS. Resting-state functional connectivity of the striatum predicts improvement in negative symptoms and general functioning in patients with first-episode psychosis: A 1-year naturalistic follow-up study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:509-518. [PMID: 31702384 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419885452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The persistent disease burden of psychotic disorders often comes from negative symptoms; however, prognostic biomarkers for negative symptoms have not been fully understood. This study investigated whether the altered functional connectivity of the striatum predicts improvement in negative symptoms and functioning after 1 year of usual treatment in patients with first-episode psychosis. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic imaging was obtained from 40 first-episode psychosis patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Whole-brain functional connectivity maps were generated with subdivisions of the striatum as seed regions and compared between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls. In 22 patients with first-episode psychosis, follow-up assessments of negative symptom severity and general functional status were conducted after 1 year of usual treatment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine factors predictive of symptomatic or functional improvements over the 1-year period. RESULTS First-episode psychosis patients showed greater functional connectivity between the left dorsal caudate and left primary motor cortex, as well as between the left ventral rostral putamen and right temporal occipital fusiform cortex, than healthy controls. Lower functional connectivity between the right dorsal rostral putamen and anterior cingulate cortex was observed in the first-episode psychosis patients than in healthy controls. In multiple regression analyses, lower functional connectivity of the left dorsal caudate-left primary motor cortex/right dorsal rostral putamen-anterior cingulate cortex predicted improvement in negative symptoms. In addition, lower right dorsal rostral putamen-anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity predicted improvement in general functioning. CONCLUSION These results suggest that altered striatal functional connectivity can be a potent neurobiological marker in the prognosis prediction of first-episode psychosis. Furthermore, altered striatal functional connectivity may provide a potential target in developing treatments for negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wulff S, Nielsen MØ, Rostrup E, Svarer C, Jensen LT, Pinborg L, Glenthøj BY. The relation between dopamine D 2 receptor blockade and the brain reward system: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Psychol Med 2020; 50:220-228. [PMID: 30642415 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718004099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms have been linked to salience abnormalities in the brain reward system, perhaps caused by a dysfunction of the dopamine neurotransmission in striatal regions. Blocking dopamine D2 receptors dampens psychotic symptoms and normalises reward disturbances, but a direct relationship between D2 receptor blockade, normalisation of reward processing and symptom improvement has not yet been demonstrated. The current study examined the association between blockade of D2 receptors in the caudate nucleus, alterations in reward processing and the psychopathology in a longitudinal study of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients. METHODS Twenty-two antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients (10 males, mean age 23.3) and 23 healthy controls (12 males, mean age 23.5) were examined with single-photon emission computed tomography using 123I-labelled iodobenzamide. Reward disturbances were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a modified version of the monetary-incentive-delay task. Patients were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment with amisulpride. RESULTS In line with previous results, patients had a lower fMRI response at baseline (0.2 ± 0.5 v. 0.7 ± 0.6; p = 0.008), but not at follow-up (0.5 ± 0.6 v. 0.6 ± 0.7), and a change in the fMRI signal correlated with improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive symptoms (ρ = -0.435, p = 0.049). In patients responding to treatment, a correlation between improvement in the fMRI signal and receptor occupancy was found (ρ = 0.588; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION The results indicate that salience abnormalities play a role in the reward system in schizophrenia. In patients responding to a treatment-induced blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, the psychotic symptoms may be ameliorated by normalising salience abnormalities in the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Wulff
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Functional Imaging Unit, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Lars Thorbjørn Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Pinborg
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
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22
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Lucchese G, Flöel A, Stahl B. A Peptide Link Between Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, Neuronal Migration, and Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:349. [PMID: 32457660 PMCID: PMC7225321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside biological, psychological, and social risk factors, psychotic syndromes may be related to disturbances of neuronal migration. This highly complex process characterizes the developing brain of the fetus, the early postnatal brain, and the adult brain, as reflected by changes within the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where neurogenesis persists throughout life. Psychosis also appears to be linked to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, little is known about the connection between psychosis, HCMV infection, and disruption of neuronal migration. The present study addresses the hypothesis that HCMV infection may lead to mental disorders through mechanisms of autoimmune cross-reactivity. Searching for common peptides that underlie immune cross-reactions, the analyses focus on HCMV and human proteins involved in neuronal migration. Results demonstrate a large overlap of viral peptides with human proteins associated with neuronal migration, such as ventral anterior homeobox 1 and cell adhesion molecule 1 implicated in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present findings support the possibility of immune cross-reactivity between HCMV and human proteins that-when altered, mutated, or improperly functioning-may disrupt normal neuronal migration. In addition, these findings are consistent with a molecular and mechanistic framework for pathological sequences of events, beginning with HCMV infection, followed by immune activation, cross-reactivity, and neuronal protein variations that may ultimately contribute to the emergence of mental disorders, including psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Michielse S, Lange I, Bakker J, Goossens L, Verhagen S, Papalini S, Wichers M, Lieverse R, Schruers K, van Amelsvoort T, van Os J, Murray GK, Marcelis M. Reward anticipation in individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences: A functional MRI approach. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1374-1385. [PMID: 31685359 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in patients with psychotic disorder has shown widespread abnormalities in brain activation during reward anticipation. Research at the level of subclinical psychotic experiences in individuals unexposed to antipsychotic medication is limited with inconclusive results. Therefore, brain activation during reward anticipation was examined in a larger sample of individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences (PE). Participants in the PE-group were included based on CAPE scores. A sample of emerging adults aged 16-26 years (n = 47) with PE and healthy controls (HC) (n = 40) underwent fMRI scanning. The Monetary Incentive Delay task was conducted with cues related to win, loss or neutral conditions. fMRI nonparametric tests were used to examine the reward versus neutral cue contrast. A significant main effect of the large win (€3.00) > neutral contrast was found in both groups showing activation in many brain areas, including classic reward regions. Whole brain analysis on the group comparison regarding the large win > neutral contrast showed significantly decreased activation in the right insula, putamen and supramarginal gyrus in the PE-group compared to controls. There was no group difference in the hypothesized reward-related region. Decreased activation in the right insula, putamen and supramarginal gyrus during reward anticipation in individuals with PE may be consistent with altered processing of sensory information, related to decreased emotional valuing and motivational tendencies and/or altered motor-cognitive processes. The absence of group differences in striatal activation suggests that activation here is intact in the earliest stages of psychosis and may exhibit progressive deterioration in as the disease develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Michielse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jindra Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Verhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Papalini
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ritsaert Lieverse
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Center for Experimental and Learning Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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24
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Vingerhoets C, van Oudenaren MJF, Bloemen OJN, Boot E, van Duin EDA, Evers LJM, Fiksinski AM, Breetvelt EJ, Palmer LD, Vergaelen E, Vogels A, Meijer C, Booij J, de Haan L, Swillen A, Vorstman JAS, Bassett AS, van Amelsvoort TAMJ. Low prevalence of substance use in people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 215:661-667. [PMID: 30604657 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), one of the most common recurrent copy number variant disorders, is associated with dopaminergic abnormalities and increased risk for psychotic disorders. AIMS Given the elevated prevalence of substance use and dopaminergic abnormalities in non-deleted patients with psychosis, we investigated the prevalence of substance use in 22q11DS, compared with that in non-deleted patients with psychosis and matched healthy controls. METHOD This cross-sectional study involved 434 patients with 22q11DS, 265 non-deleted patients with psychosis and 134 healthy controls. Psychiatric diagnosis, full-scale IQ and COMT Val158Met genotype were determined in the 22q11DS group. Substance use data were collected according to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS The prevalence of total substance use (36.9%) and substance use disorders (1.2%), and weekly amounts of alcohol and nicotine use, in patients with 22q11DS was significantly lower than in non-deleted patients with psychosis or controls. Compared with patients with 22q11DS, healthy controls were 20 times more likely to use substances in general (P < 0.001); results were also significant for alcohol and nicotine use separately. Within the 22q11DS group, there was no relationship between the prevalence of substance use and psychosis or COMT genotype. Male patients with 22q11DS were more likely to use substances than female patients with 22q11DS. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that patients with 22q11DS are at decreased risk for substance use and substance use disorders despite the increased risk of psychotic disorders. Further research into neurobiological and environmental factors involved in substance use in 22q11DS is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vingerhoets
- Psychologist, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde J F van Oudenaren
- Psychologist, Research Assistant, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oswald J N Bloemen
- Psychiatrist, Senior Researcher, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Center for Mental Health Care Innova, GGz Centraal, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Boot
- Specialist in Intellectual Disability Medicine, Honorary Researcher, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; S Heeren Loo Zorggroep; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; and Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens J M Evers
- Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Ania M Fiksinski
- Psychologist, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; and The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Elemi J Breetvelt
- Child Psychiatrist, Epidemiologist, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Lisa D Palmer
- Social Worker, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Elfi Vergaelen
- Psychiatrist in training, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Vogels
- Professor, Child Psychiatrist, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carin Meijer
- Psychologist, Senior Researcher, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Professor of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Liewe de Haan
- Professor, Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Professor, Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Associate Professor, Child Psychiatrist, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; and University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Professor / Psychiatrist, The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic; Clinical Genetics Research Program, Toronto General Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Professor of Transitional Psychiatry, Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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25
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Abohamza E, Weickert T, Ali M, Moustafa AA. Reward and punishment learning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112298. [PMID: 31622639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies on reward learning deficits in psychiatric disorders have used probabilistic learning tasks, making it unclear whether impairment is due to the probabilistic nature of the task rather than reward processing. In this study, we tested probabilistic vs. deterministic reward and punishment learning in healthy controls and three patient groups: schizophrenia (SZ), psychotic bipolar disorder (BD), and nonpsychotic BD. Experimental results show that reward learning was impaired in patients with SZ and patients with psychotic BD in the probabilistic learning task compared to patients with nonpsychotic BD and healthy controls. In contrast, punishment learning in the probabilistic task was impaired in patients with nonpsychotic BD compared to the other patient groups and healthy controls. There were no significant differences among all groups in the deterministic learning task scores. We also found that Hamilton Depression Scale scores negatively correlated with probabilistic learning performance. Our data may suggest that reward learning impairment may be due to the nature of the task as well as subtype of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Abohamza
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Thomas Weickert
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Manal Ali
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Nucleus accumbens activation is linked to salience in social decision making. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:701-712. [PMID: 30361926 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant salience may explain hasty decision making and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. In healthy individuals, final decisions in probabilistic reasoning tasks are related to Nucleus accumbens (Nacc) activation. However, research investigating the Nacc in social decision making is missing. Our study aimed at investigating the role of the Nacc for social decision making and its link to (aberrant) salience attribution. 47 healthy individuals completed a novel social jumping-to-conclusion (JTC) fMRI-paradigm, showing morphed faces simultaneously expressing fear and happiness. Participants decided on the 'current' emotion after each picture, and on the 'general' emotion of series of faces. Nacc activation was stronger during final decisions than in previous trials without a decision, particularly in fear rather than happiness series. A JTC-bias was associated with higher Nacc activation for last fearful, but not last happy faces. Apparently, mechanisms underlying probabilistic reasoning are also relevant for social decision making. The pattern of Nacc activation suggests salience, not reward, drives the final decision. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that aberrant salience might also explain social-cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
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27
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Moran EK, Culbreth AJ, Kandala S, Barch DM. From neuroimaging to daily functioning: A multimethod analysis of reward anticipation in people with schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:723-734. [PMID: 31464449 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are a core clinical feature of schizophrenia that are only marginally responsive to current treatments. Recent work suggests that deficits in reinforcement learning and anticipatory responses to reward may be two mechanisms that help explain impairments in motivation in those with schizophrenia. The present study utilized a reinforcement-learning paradigm, which allowed us to examine both reward anticipation and reinforcement learning. Twenty-eight people with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls completed a reinforcement-learning task while undergoing functional MRI. Participants with schizophrenia also completed a weeklong ecological momentary assessment protocol reporting anticipated motivation and pleasure in their daily activities. Unexpectedly, we found no significant group differences in performance or neural response in reinforcement learning. However, we found that poorer reward learning was associated with greater clinician ratings of negative symptoms and daily reports of anticipatory motivation and pleasure negative symptoms. In regards to anticipatory responses, we found that people with schizophrenia showed blunted activation in the anterior cingulate, insula, caudate, and putamen while anticipating reward. Further, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in reward related regions during anticipation of reward was significantly related to both clinician-rated motivation and pleasure deficits as well as daily reports of motivation and pleasure. Our results provide further evidence of deficits during reward anticipation in individuals with schizophrenia, particularly for those with severe negative symptoms, and some evidence for worse reward learning among those with greater negative symptoms. Moreover, our findings suggest that these deficits show important relationships with emotional and motivational functioning in everyday life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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28
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Bergé D, Pretus C, Guell X, Pous A, Arcos A, Pérez V, Vilarroya O. Reduced willingness to invest effort in schizophrenia with high negative symptoms regardless of reward stimulus presentation and reward value. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 87:153-160. [PMID: 30415197 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms in schizophrenia, which are related to poor functioning, are thought to be grounded on aberrant functioning in the reward system. We aimed to disentangle how negative symptoms and two cognitive aspects of goal-directed behavior, mental representation of reward and reward value, affect willingness to invest effort to attain a reward in schizophrenia. AIMS AND PROCEDURES To this purpose, 43 schizophrenia patients and 35 healthy controls were assessed for negative symptoms and general functioning, and completed an effort-based reward task. Patients were split in high and low negative symptoms scorers. A series of ANOVA tests were conducted in order to test the effects of group controlling for representation of reward (Task 1) and balance between reward value and effort (Task 2) on will to invest effort to attain a reward. MAIN FINDINGS Schizophrenia patients with high negative symptoms chose to invest lower amounts of effort for a reward compared both to low negative symptoms patients and to controls in both tasks. Neither mental representation of reward (Task 1) nor reward value (Task 2) did differentially affect will to invest effort between-groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the lower willingness to invest effort observed in schizophrenia patients with high negative symptoms may not be related to cognitive aspects of goal-oriented behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bergé
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Neuroscience Program, C/Passeig Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM: Centro de Investigación en Red en Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara Pretus
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Guell
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Pous
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aaron Arcos
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pérez
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Neuroscience Program, C/Passeig Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM: Centro de Investigación en Red en Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Vilarroya
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Neuroscience Program, C/Passeig Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Av. de Can Domènech, 737, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Striatal dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:215-221. [PMID: 28867519 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite empirical findings showing that patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives have deficits in processing monetary incentives, it is unclear whether similar deficits could be demonstrated for affective incentives. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 26 age and gender matched healthy controls; 23 unaffected first-degree relatives and 23 matched healthy controls were recruited to complete a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task and an Affective Incentive Delay (AID) task in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Hypoactivation in the dorsal striatum when anticipating monetary incentives were found in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia showed hyperactivation in the ventral striatum when receiving both monetary and affective incentives. These findings suggest that disorganized striatal function, regardless of incentive types, may be present in patients with schizophrenia and before the onset of illness in their first-degree unaffected relatives.
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Giordano GM, Stanziano M, Papa M, Mucci A, Prinster A, Soricelli A, Galderisi S. Functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and avolition in subjects with schizophrenia: a resting state functional MRI study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:589-602. [PMID: 29653743 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avolition, a deficit in goal-directed behavior, is a key aspect of negative symptoms. It is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and is associated to poor functional outcome and to measures of real life motivation, indicating that central to the concept is the lack of interest and motivation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that avolition is related to altered connectivity within dopaminergic cortico-striatal circuits involved in motivation processes. Since dopamine input to these circuits derives mostly from the ventro-tegmental area (VTA), we investigated the relationships between the resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) of the VTA and avolition in twenty-six subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ), treated with second-generation antipsychotics only, compared to twenty-two healthy controls (HC). SCZ, in comparison to HC, showed significantly reduced RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), bilateral insular cortex (IC) and right (R) lateral occipital complex (LOC) and increased RS-FC of the VTA with bilateral dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were found between avolition and RS-FC of the VTA with the bilateral IC, R VLPFC and R LOC. According to our findings, avolition is linked to a disconnectivity of the VTA from several key cortical regions involved in the integration of value information with action selection. These findings are in line with translational animal models of "auto-activation apathy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Stanziano
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Prinster
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Research Institute SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Khokhar JY, Dwiel L, Henricks A, Doucette WT, Green AI. The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis. Schizophr Res 2018; 194:78-85. [PMID: 28416205 PMCID: PMC6094954 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders occur commonly in patients with schizophrenia and dramatically worsen their overall clinical course. While the exact mechanisms contributing to substance use in schizophrenia are not known, a number of theories have been put forward to explain the basis of the co-occurrence of these disorders. We propose here a unifying hypothesis that combines recent evidence from epidemiological and genetic association studies with brain imaging and pre-clinical studies to provide an updated formulation regarding the basis of substance use in patients with schizophrenia. We suggest that the genetic determinants of risk for schizophrenia (especially within neural systems that contribute to the risk for both psychosis and addiction) make patients vulnerable to substance use. Since this vulnerability may arise prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms, an increased use of substances in adolescence may both enhance the risk for developing a later substance use disorder, and also serve as an additional risk factor for the appearance of psychotic symptoms. Future studies that assess brain circuitry in a prospective longitudinal manner during adolescence prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms could shed further light on the mechanistic underpinnings of these co-occurring disorders while identifying potential points of intervention for these difficult-to-treat co-occurring disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Dwiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
| | - Angela Henricks
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
| | | | - Alan I. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth,Dartmouth Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Dartmouth College
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Amodio A, Quarantelli M, Mucci A, Prinster A, Soricelli A, Vignapiano A, Giordano GM, Merlotti E, Nicita A, Galderisi S. Avolition-Apathy and White Matter Connectivity in Schizophrenia: Reduced Fractional Anisotropy Between Amygdala and Insular Cortex. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:55-65. [PMID: 29243529 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417745934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The avolition/apathy domain of negative symptoms includes motivation- and pleasure-related impairments. In people with schizophrenia, structural and functional abnormalities were reported in key regions within the motivational reward system, including ventral-tegmental area (VTA), striatum (especially at the level of the nucleus accumbens, NAcc), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), as well as amygdala (Amy) and insular cortex (IC). However, the association of the reported abnormalities with avoliton-apathy is still controversial. In the present study, we investigated white matter connectivity patterns within these regions, using a probabilistic analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, in male subjects with schizophrenia. Thirty-five male subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 17 male healthy controls (HC) matched for age, underwent DTI. SCZ were evaluated using the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome (SDS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Probabilistic tractography was applied to investigate pathways connecting the Amy and the NAcc with the OFC and IC. Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in left Amy-ventral anterior IC connections, in SCZ compared with controls. This abnormality was negatively correlated with avolition/apathy but not with expressive deficit scores. SCZ showed also a reduced connectivity index between right NAcc and medial OFC, as compared with controls. Finally, the left NAcc-dorsal anterior IC connectivity index was negatively correlated with working memory scores. Our results indicate that only the avolition/apathy domain of negative symptoms is related to abnormal connectivity in the motivation-related circuits. The findings also demonstrate that distinct alterations underlie cognitive impairment and avolition/apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amodio
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Quarantelli
- 2 Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Prinster
- 2 Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- 3 Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,4 Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Vignapiano
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Giordano
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Merlotti
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicita
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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33
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Nielsen MØ, Rostrup E, Broberg BV, Wulff S, Glenthøj B. Negative Symptoms and Reward Disturbances in Schizophrenia Before and After Antipsychotic Monotherapy. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:36-45. [PMID: 29145751 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417744120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms (NS) are a central part of the symptomatology of schizophrenia, which is highly correlated to the functional outcome. Disturbances of the brain reward system are suggested to be central in the pathogenesis of NS by decreasing motivation and hedonic experiences. In this study, we compared reward-related brain activity in patients improving and not improving in NS after treatment with amisulpride. METHODS Thirty-nine antipsychotic-naive patients and 49 healthy controls completed functional magnetic resonance imaging with a modified monetary incentive delay task. Psychopathology of the patients was characterised with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and they were treated with individual doses of amisulpride (mean 271 mg) for 6 weeks, after which the examinations were repeated. RESULTS Patients improved on positive, general, and total PANSS score after treatment ( P < .001). Fourteen patients had ≥20% improvement of NS, whereas 25 patients improved <20%. At baseline, one-way analysis of variance showed group difference bilaterally in the caudate nucleus and in the right nucleus accumbens (all P < .002), which was caused by decreased reward anticipation activity in the nonimproving patients compared to healthy controls. There was a significant group × time interaction, with the healthy controls and the improvers decreasing and the nonimprovers increasing in reward anticipation activity after treatment, most pronounced in the left caudate nucleus ( P = .001). DISCUSSION Patients improving in NS score had a less aberrant reward system at baseline, but reward related activity was reduced over time. Patients not improving in NS showed decreased striatal reward-activity at baseline, which improved over time. Whether this is associated with alteration in working memory and reward learning or with pronounced symptoms within specific domains of NS may be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark.,2 Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Brian Villumsen Broberg
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Sanne Wulff
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Denmark
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Kirschner M, Hager OM, Muff L, Bischof M, Hartmann-Riemer MN, Kluge A, Habermeyer B, Seifritz E, Tobler PN, Kaiser S. Ventral Striatal Dysfunction and Symptom Expression in Individuals With Schizotypal Personality Traits and Early Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:147-157. [PMID: 27798223 PMCID: PMC5767950 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Striatal abnormalities play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Growing evidence suggests an association between aberrant striatal activity during reward anticipation and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia. However, it is not clear whether this holds across the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations of ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation and its relationship to symptom expression in persons with schizotypal personality traits (SPT) and first-episode psychosis. Twenty-six individuals with high SPT, 26 patients with non-affective first-episode psychosis (including 13 with brief psychotic disorder (FEP-BPD) and 13 with first-episode schizophrenia [FEP-SZ]) and 25 healthy controls underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Ventral striatal activation was positively correlated with total symptom severity, in particular with levels of positive symptoms. This association was observed across the psychosis continuum and within each subgroup. Patients with FEP-SZ showed the strongest elevation of striatal activation during reward anticipation, although symptom levels did not differ between groups in the psychosis continuum. While our results provide evidence that variance in striatal activation is mainly explained by dimensional symptom expression, patients with schizophrenia show an additional dysregulation of striatal activation. Trans-diagnostic approaches are promising in order to disentangle dimensional and categorical neural mechanisms in the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; tel: +41-44-384-36-14, fax: +41-44-383-44-56, e-mail:
| | - Oliver M Hager
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Muff
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias N Hartmann-Riemer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agne Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Habermeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Lin P, Wang X, Zhang B, Kirkpatrick B, Öngür D, Levitt JJ, Jovicich J, Yao S, Wang X. Functional dysconnectivity of the limbic loop of frontostriatal circuits in first-episode, treatment-naive schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:747-757. [PMID: 29094787 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontostriatal circuits dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology and psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia (SZ). However, few studies have investigated SZ-related functional connectivity (FC) alterations in discrete frontostriatal circuits and their relationship with pathopsychology in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ). The goal of this study was to identify dysfunctions in discrete frontostriatal circuits that are associated with key features of FESZ. To this end, a case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted, wherein resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data were collected from 37 treatment-naïve FESZ patients and 29 healthy control (HC) subjects. Seed-based FC analyses were performed by placing six bilateral pairs of seeds within a priori defined subdivisions of the striatum. We observed significantly decreased FC for the FESZ group relative to the HC group [p < .05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected] in the limbic loop, but not in the sensorimotor or associative loops, of frontostriatal circuitry. Moreover, bilaterally decreased inferior ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (VSi)-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) FC within the limbic loop correlated inversely with overall FESZ symptom severity and the disorganization factor score of PANSS. These findings provide new insight into the role of frontostriatal limbic loop hypoconnectivity in early-stage schizophrenia pathology and suggest potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, 89509
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478
| | - James J Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Mattarello, 38100, Italy
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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36
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Mwansisya TE, Hu A, Li Y, Chen X, Wu G, Huang X, Lv D, Li Z, Liu C, Xue Z, Feng J, Liu Z. Task and resting-state fMRI studies in first-episode schizophrenia: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2017; 189:9-18. [PMID: 28268041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades there has been an increase on task and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies that explore the brain's functional changes in schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear as to whether the brain's functional changes during the resting state are sensitive to the same brain regions during task fMRI. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search of task and resting-state fMRI studies that investigated brain pathological changes in first-episode schizophrenia (Fleischhacker et al.). Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria; seven were resting state fMRI studies with 371 FES patients and 363 healthy controls and twelve were task fMRI studies with 235 FES patients and 291 healthy controls. We found overlapping task and resting-state fMRI abnormalities in the prefrontal regions, including the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, the orbital frontal cortex and the temporal lobe, especially in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG). The findings of this systematic review support the frontotemporal hypothesis of schizophrenia, and the disruption in prefrontal and STG might represent the pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorder at a relatively early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumbwene E Mwansisya
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; The Aga Khan University of East Africa, PO Box 125, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Aimin Hu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of psychology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Dongsheng Lv
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, China.
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Zhang B, Lin P, Shi H, Öngür D, Auerbach RP, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Mapping anhedonia-specific dysfunction in a transdiagnostic approach: an ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:920-39. [PMID: 26487590 PMCID: PMC4838562 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a prominent symptom in neuropsychiatric disorders, most markedly in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Emerging evidence indicates an overlap in the neural substrates of anhedonia between MDD and SZ, which supported a transdiagnostic approach. Therefore, we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in MDD and SZ to examine the neural bases of three subdomains of anhedonia: consummatory anhedonia, anticipatory anhedonia and emotional processing. ALE analysis focused specifically on MDD or SZ was used later to dissociate specific anhedonia-related neurobiological impairments from potential disease general impairments. ALE results revealed that consummatory anhedonia was associated with decreased activation in ventral basal ganglia areas, while anticipatory anhedonia was associated with more substrates in frontal-striatal networks except the ventral striatum, which included the dorsal anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. MDD and SZ patients showed similar neurobiological impairments in anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, but differences in the emotional experience task, which may also involve affective/mood general processing. These results support that anhedonia is characterized by alterations in reward processing and relies on frontal-striatal brain circuitry. The transdiagnostic approach is a promising way to reveal the overall neurobiological framework that contributes to anhedonia and could help to improve targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huqing Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Dost Öngür
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Deserno L, Heinz A, Schlagenhauf F. Computational approaches to schizophrenia: A perspective on negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2017; 186:46-54. [PMID: 27986430 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous spectrum disorder often associated with detrimental negative symptoms. In recent years, computational approaches to psychiatry have attracted growing attention. Negative symptoms have shown some overlap with general cognitive impairments and were also linked to impaired motivational processing in brain circuits implementing reward prediction. In this review, we outline how computational approaches may help to provide a better understanding of negative symptoms in terms of the potentially underlying behavioural and biological mechanisms. First, we describe the idea that negative symptoms could arise from a failure to represent reward expectations to enable flexible behavioural adaptation. It has been proposed that these impairments arise from a failure to use prediction errors to update expectations. Important previous studies focused on processing of so-called model-free prediction errors where learning is determined by past rewards only. However, learning and decision-making arise from multiple cognitive mechanisms functioning simultaneously, and dissecting them via well-designed tasks in conjunction with computational modelling is a promising avenue. Second, we move on to a proof-of-concept example on how generative models of functional imaging data from a cognitive task enable the identification of subgroups of patients mapping on different levels of negative symptoms. Combining the latter approach with behavioural studies regarding learning and decision-making may allow the identification of key behavioural and biological parameters distinctive for different dimensions of negative symptoms versus a general cognitive impairment. We conclude with an outlook on how this computational framework could, at some point, enrich future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Deserno
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Kirschner M, Aleman A, Kaiser S. Secondary negative symptoms - A review of mechanisms, assessment and treatment. Schizophr Res 2017; 186:29-38. [PMID: 27230288 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary negative symptoms are thought to be intrinsic to schizophrenia, while secondary negative symptoms are caused by positive symptoms, depression, medication side-effects, social deprivation or substance abuse. Most of the research on secondary negative symptoms has aimed at ruling them out in order to isolate primary negative symptoms. However, secondary negative symptoms are common and can have a major impact on patient-relevant outcomes. Therefore, the assessment and treatment of secondary negative symptoms are clinically relevant. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms underlying secondary negative symptoms can contribute to an integrated model of negative symptoms. In this review we provide an overview of concepts, evidence, assessment and treatment for the major causes of secondary negative symptoms. We also summarize neuroimaging research relevant to secondary negative symptoms. We emphasize the relevance of recent developments in psychopathological assessment of negative symptoms, such as the distinction between amotivation and diminished expression, which have only rarely been applied in research on secondary negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - André Aleman
- Neuro-imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Grimm O, Kaiser S, Plichta MM, Tobler PN. Altered reward anticipation: Potential explanation for weight gain in schizophrenia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Deserno L, Schlagenhauf F, Heinz A. Striatal dopamine, reward, and decision making in schizophrenia. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27069382 PMCID: PMC4826774 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.1/ldeserno] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated striatal dopamine function is one of the best-established findings in schizophrenia. In this review, we discuss causes and consequences of this striata! dopamine alteration. We first summarize earlier findings regarding striatal reward processing and anticipation using functional neuroimaging. Secondly, we present a series of recent studies that are exemplary for a particular research approach: a combination of theory-driven reinforcement learning and decision-making tasks in combination with computational modeling and functional neuroimaging. We discuss why this approach represents a promising tool to understand underlying mechanisms of symptom dimensions by dissecting the contribution of multiple behavioral control systems working in parallel. We also discuss how it can advance our understanding of the neurobiological implementation of such functions. Thirdly, we review evidence regarding the topography of dopamine dysfunction within the striatum. Finally, we present conclusions and outline important aspects to be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Deserno
- Max Planck Fellow Group "Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Max Planck Fellow Group "Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation," Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Schmidt A, Antoniades M, Allen P, Egerton A, Chaddock CA, Borgwardt S, Fusar-Poli P, Roiser JP, Howes O, McGuire P. Longitudinal alterations in motivational salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis. Psychol Med 2017; 47:243-254. [PMID: 27697078 PMCID: PMC5216461 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in the attribution of salience are thought to be fundamental to the development of psychotic symptoms and the onset of psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore longitudinal alterations in salience processing in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis. METHOD A total of 23 ultra-high-risk subjects and 13 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean interval of 17 months) while performing the Salience Attribution Test to assess neural responses to task-relevant (adaptive salience) and task-irrelevant (aberrant salience) stimulus features. RESULTS At presentation, high-risk subjects were less likely than controls to attribute salience to relevant features, and more likely to attribute salience to irrelevant stimulus features. These behavioural differences were no longer evident at follow-up. When attributing salience to relevant cue features, ultra-high-risk subjects showed less activation than controls in the ventral striatum at both baseline and follow-up. Within the high-risk sample, amelioration of abnormal beliefs over the follow-up period was correlated with an increase in right ventral striatum activation during the attribution of salience to relevant cue features. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that salience processing is perturbed in ultra-high-risk subjects for psychosis, that this is linked to alterations in ventral striatum function, and that clinical outcomes are related to longitudinal changes in ventral striatum function during salience processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - M. Antoniades
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - P. Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychology,
University of Roehampton, London,
UK
| | - A. Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - C. A. Chaddock
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - S. Borgwardt
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK),
University of Basel, Basel,
Switzerland
| | - P. Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
- OASIS Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
| | - J. P. Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University
College London, London, UK
| | - O. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre,
Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - P. McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies,
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, London, UK
- OASIS Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation
Trust, London, UK
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Anticevic A, Schleifer C, Youngsun TC. Emotional and cognitive dysregulation in schizophrenia and depression: understanding common and distinct behavioral and neural mechanisms. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 26869843 PMCID: PMC4734880 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2015.17.4/aanticevic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging behavioral and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MD) are mapping mechanisms of co-occurring and distinct affective disturbances across these disorders. This constitutes a critical goal towards developing rationally guided therapies for upstream neural pathways that contribute to comorbid symptoms across disorders. We highlight the current state of the art in our understanding of emotional dysregulation in SCZ versus MD by focusing on broad domains of behavioral function that can map onto underlying neural systems, namely deficits in hedonics, anticipatory behaviors, computations underlying value and effort, and effortful goal-directed behaviors needed to pursue rewarding outcomes. We highlight unique disturbances in each disorder that may involve dissociable neural systems, but also possible interactions between affect and cognition in MD versus SCZ. Finally, we review computational and translational approaches that offer mechanistic insight into how cellular-level disruptions can lead to complex affective disturbances, informing development of therapies across MD and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism; Department of Psychology, Yale University; Division of Neurocognition, Neurogenetics & Neurocomputation, Yale University School of Medicine (Alan Anticevic) - New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Schmidt A, Palaniyappan L, Smieskova R, Simon A, Riecher-Rössler A, Lang UE, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P, Borgwardt SJ. Dysfunctional insular connectivity during reward prediction in patients with first-episode psychosis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:367-376. [PMID: 26854756 PMCID: PMC5082507 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that psychosis is associated with abnormal reward processing. Imaging studies in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have revealed reduced activity in diverse brain regions, including the ventral striatum, insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), during reward prediction. However, whether these reductions in local brain activity are due to altered connectivity has rarely been explored. METHODS We applied dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model selection to fMRI data during the Salience Attribution Task to investigate whether patients with FEP showed abnormal modulation of connectivity between the ventral striatum, insula and ACC induced by rewarding cues and whether these changes were related to positive psychotic symptoms and atypical antipsychotic medication. RESULTS The model including reward-induced modulation of insula-ACC connectivity was the best fitting model in each group. Compared with healthy controls (n = 19), patients with FEP (n = 29) revealed reduced right insula-ACC connectivity. After subdividing patients according to current antipsychotic medication, we found that the reduced insula-ACC connectivity relative to healthy controls was observed only in untreated patients (n = 17), not in patients treated with antipsychotics (n = 12), and that it correlated negatively with unusual thought content in untreated patients with FEP. LIMITATIONS The modest sample size of untreated patients with FEP was a limitation of our study. CONCLUSION This study indicates that insula-ACC connectivity during reward prediction is reduced in untreated patients with FEP and related to the formation of positive psychotic symptoms. Our study further suggests that atypical antipsychotics may reverse connectivity between the insula and the ACC during reward prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schmidt
- Correspondence to: A. Schmidt, University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Wilhelm Klein Strasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anhedonia, traditionally defined as a diminished capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a core symptom of schizophrenia. However, recent research calls into question whether individuals with schizophrenia are truly anhedonic, suggesting intact subjective and neurophysiological response to rewarding stimuli in-the-moment. Despite a presumably intact capacity to experience pleasure, people with schizophrenia still engage in fewer reward-seeking behaviors. This discrepancy has been explained as a dissociation between "liking" and "wanting", with dopaminergic and prefrontal influences on incentive salience leading hedonic responses to not effectively translate into motivated behavior. In the current review, the literature on a key aspect of the wanting deficit is reviewed, anticipatory pleasure. RECENT FINDINGS Results provide consistent evidence for impairment in some aspects of anticipatory pleasure (e.g., prospection, associative learning between reward predictive cues and outcomes), and inconsistent evidence for others (e.g., anticipatory affect and affective forecasting). SUMMARY Mechanisms underlying anticipatory pleasure abnormalities in schizophrenia are discussed and a new model of anticipatory pleasure deficits is proposed. Findings suggest that anticipatory pleasure may be a critical component of impairments in wanting that impact motivated behavior in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Frost
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton
| | - Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton
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Albrecht MA, Waltz JA, Cavanagh JF, Frank MJ, Gold JM. Reduction of Pavlovian Bias in Schizophrenia: Enhanced Effects in Clozapine-Administered Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152781. [PMID: 27044008 PMCID: PMC4833478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) are associated with a pattern of reinforcement learning (RL) deficits likely related to degraded representations of reward values. However, the RL tasks used to date have required active responses to both reward and punishing stimuli. Pavlovian biases have been shown to affect performance on these tasks through invigoration of action to reward and inhibition of action to punishment, and may be partially responsible for the effects found in patients. Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and 30 demographically-matched controls completed a four-stimulus reinforcement learning task that crossed action ("Go" or "NoGo") and the valence of the optimal outcome (reward or punishment-avoidance), such that all combinations of action and outcome valence were tested. Behaviour was modelled using a six-parameter RL model and EEG was simultaneously recorded. Patients demonstrated a reduction in Pavlovian performance bias that was evident in a reduced Go bias across the full group. In a subset of patients administered clozapine, the reduction in Pavlovian bias was enhanced. The reduction in Pavlovian bias in SZ patients was accompanied by feedback processing differences at the time of the P3a component. The reduced Pavlovian bias in patients is suggested to be due to reduced fidelity in the communication between striatal regions and frontal cortex. It may also partially account for previous findings of poorer "Go-learning" in schizophrenia where "Go" responses or Pavlovian consistent responses are required for optimal performance. An attenuated P3a component dynamic in patients is consistent with a view that deficits in operant learning are due to impairments in adaptively using feedback to update representations of stimulus value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Albrecht
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University,
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute—Biosciences, Curtin
University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail: ;
| | - James A. Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New
Mexico, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown
University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown
University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America
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Ketamine Suppresses the Ventral Striatal Response to Reward Anticipation: A Cross-Species Translational Neuroimaging Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1386-94. [PMID: 26388147 PMCID: PMC4793123 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence implicates regional neural responses to reward anticipation in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, where blunted ventral striatal responses to positive reward are observed in patients and at-risk populations. In vivo oxygen amperometry measurements in the ventral striatum in awake, behaving rats reveal reward-related tissue oxygen changes that closely parallel blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes observed in human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), suggesting that a cross-species approach targeting this mechanism might be feasible in psychopharmacology. The present study explored modulatory effects of acute, subanaesthetic doses of ketamine-a pharmacological model widely used in psychopharmacological research, both preclinically and clinically-on ventral striatum activity during performance of a reward anticipation task in both species, using fMRI in humans and in vivo oxygen amperometry in rats. In a region-of-interest analysis conducted following a cross-over placebo and ketamine study in human subjects, an attenuated ventral striatal response during reward anticipation was observed following ketamine relative to placebo during performance of a monetary incentive delay task. In rats, a comparable attenuation of ventral striatal signal was found after ketamine challenge, relative to vehicle, in response to a conditioned stimulus that predicted delivery of reward. This study provides the first data in both species demonstrating an attenuating effect of acute ketamine on reward-related ventral striatal (O2) and fMRI signals. These findings may help elucidate a deeper mechanistic understanding of the potential role of ketamine as a model for psychosis, show that cross-species pharmacological experiments targeting reward signaling are feasible, and suggest this phenotype as a promising translational biomarker for the development of novel compounds, assessment of disease status, and treatment efficacy.
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Alústiza I, Radua J, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Domínguez M, Aubá E, Ortuño F. Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging and Cognitive Control Studies in Schizophrenia: Preliminary Elucidation of a Core Dysfunctional Timing Network. Front Psychol 2016; 7:192. [PMID: 26925013 PMCID: PMC4756542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Timing and other cognitive processes demanding cognitive control become interlinked when there is an increase in the level of difficulty or effort required. Both functions are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases. A previous meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies found that people with schizophrenia had significantly lower activation, relative to normal controls, of most right hemisphere regions of the time circuit. This finding suggests that a pattern of disconnectivity of this circuit, particularly in the supplementary motor area, is a trait of this mental disease. We hypothesize that a dysfunctional temporal/cognitive control network underlies both cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and that timing dysfunction is at the root of the cognitive deficits observed. The goal of our study was to look, in schizophrenia patients, for brain structures activated both by execution of cognitive tasks requiring increased effort and by performance of time perception tasks. We conducted a signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients assessing the brain response to increasing levels of cognitive difficulty. Then, we performed a multimodal meta-analysis to identify common brain regions in the findings of that SDM meta-analysis and our previously-published activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging of time perception in schizophrenia patients. The current study supports the hypothesis that there exists an overlap between neural structures engaged by both timing tasks and non-temporal cognitive tasks of escalating difficulty in schizophrenia. The implication is that a deficit in timing can be considered as a trait marker of the schizophrenia cognitive profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Hospital Sant RafaelBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Redde Salud MentalBarcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Domínguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Enrique Aubá
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraNavarra, Spain
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Chung YS, Barch DM. Frontal-striatum dysfunction during reward processing: Relationships to amotivation in schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:453-469. [PMID: 26845257 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits of context processing, thought to be related to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) impairment. Despite emerging evidence suggesting a crucial role of the DLPFC in integrating reward and goal information, we do not know whether individuals with schizophrenia can represent and integrate reward-related context information to modulate cognitive control. To address this question, 36 individuals with schizophrenia (n = 29) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 7) and 27 healthy controls performed a variant of a response conflict task (Padmala & Pessoa, 2011) during fMRI scanning, in both baseline and reward conditions, with monetary incentives on some reward trials. We used a mixed state-item design that allowed us to examine both sustained and transient reward effects on cognitive control. Different from predictions about impaired DLPFC function in schizophrenia, we found an intact pattern of increased sustained DLPFC activity during reward versus baseline blocks in individuals with schizophrenia at a group level but blunted sustained activations in the putamen. Contrary to our predictions, individuals with schizophrenia showed blunted cue-related activations in several regions of the basal ganglia responding to reward-predicting cues. Importantly, as predicted, individual differences in anhedonia/amotivation symptoms severity were significantly associated with reduced sustained DLPFC activation in the same region that showed overall increased activity as a function of reward. These results suggest that individual differences in motivational impairments in schizophrenia may be related to dysfunction of the DLPFC and striatum in motivationally salient situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Chung
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
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50
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Vink M, de Leeuw M, Pouwels R, van den Munkhof HE, Kahn RS, Hillegers M. Diminishing striatal activation across adolescent development during reward anticipation in offspring of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:73-9. [PMID: 26631365 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with impaired fronto-striatal functioning. Similar deficits are observed in unaffected siblings of patients, indicating that these deficits are linked to a familial risk for the disorder. Fronto-striatal deficits may arise during adolescence and precede clinical manifestation of the disorder. However, the development of the fronto-striatal network in adolescents at increased familial risk for schizophrenia is still poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the impact of familial risk on fronto-striatal functioning across age related to reward anticipation and receipt in 25 adolescent offspring of schizophrenia patients (SZ offspring) and 36 age-matched healthy controls (range 10-19years). Subjects performed a reward task while being scanned with functional MRI. Overall response times and the amount of money won did not differ between the groups. Striatal activation during reward anticipation decreased across age in the SZ offspring, while it did not in the healthy controls. Activation in the orbitofrontal cortex during reward receipt did not differ between the groups. These results, taken together with data from adult schizophrenia patients and their siblings, indicate that the diminishing striatal activation across adolescence may signify a familial vulnerability for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Vink
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Max de Leeuw
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruby Pouwels
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna E van den Munkhof
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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