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Gao Y, Liu J, Liu X, Wang Y, Qiu S. Dimensions of family stress and repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescence: Examining the interactive effects of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106804. [PMID: 38636157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive non-suicidal self-injury (R-NSSI) in adolescence represents a significant risk factor for suicide. Although exposure to family stress is robustly associated with the risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), studies have not examined the potential mechanisms linking different forms of family stress and R-NSSI. OBJECTIVE This study examined how unique dimensions of family stress (threat and deprivation) relate to R-NSSI via interactions between impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The current sample included 3801 middle-school adolescents (42.2 % girls, Mage = 13.21 years). METHODS We conducted a two-wave study with 6-month intervals. Participants completed self-report measures assessing family stress, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and NSSI. RESULTS Moderate mediation analyses showed that threat was indirectly associated with NSSI frequency through the interaction of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation in the R-NSSI group and indirectly through impulsivity in the occasional NSSI (O-NSSI) group. Deprivation did not predict subsequent NSSI frequency in either group. CONCLUSIONS These findings lend empirical support to dimensional models of adversity and suggest that adolescents who experience threat-related family stress may have greater impulsivity and are more likely to report R-NSSI in the context of emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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2
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Torregrossa LJ, Liu J, Armstrong K, Heckers S, Sheffield JM. Interplay between childhood trauma, bodily self-disturbances, and clinical phenomena in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A network analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 266:107-115. [PMID: 38394867 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bodily self-disturbances have long been considered central to schizophrenia. Exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to the development of both psychosis and bodily self-disturbances, yet little work has examined the role of bodily self-disturbances in the relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia symptomatology. This study uses network analysis to bridge this gap. METHODS Networks were constructed to examine relationships between schizophrenia symptoms (Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; PANSS), bodily self-disturbances (Perceptual Aberration Scale; PAS), and self-reported exposure to childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short-Form; CTQ-SF) in 152 people with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Shortest path and bridge analyses were conducted to assess the role of bodily self-disturbances in linking childhood trauma to schizophrenia symptomatology. Three networks were constructed: 1) PAS, childhood trauma, and PANSS sub-scale composites (positive, negative, general); 2) PAS, childhood trauma, and positive symptoms, 3) PAS, childhood trauma, and distress symptoms. RESULTS Shortest path analysis revealed that bodily self-disturbances were on the shortest path between childhood trauma and positive and general symptoms (Network 1), between trauma and hallucinations (Network 2), and between trauma and depression (Network 3). Bodily self-disturbances were also found to serve as a bridge between childhood trauma and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly delusions and hallucinations. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel, data-driven approach, we showed that bodily self-disturbances play a key role in linking childhood trauma to positive and co-morbid affective symptoms of schizophrenia. Threat experiences (i.e., abuse) specifically relate to bodily self-disturbances and psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lénie J Torregrossa
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America.
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics, United States of America
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | - Julia M Sheffield
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
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Gao Y, Liang C, Liu X, Bai R, Xing S. Self-esteem buffers the stress sensitizing effect of childhood maltreatment on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:85-93. [PMID: 37865345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adversity in childhood increases the risk of psychopathology, perhaps by influencing sensitivity to recent stressful life events (SLEs). However, little is known about the stress-sensitizing effect of childhood adversity on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), whether stress sensitization exists in specific types of SLEs, and the stress-buffering effect of self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to child maltreatment increases adolescent's vulnerability to the effects of dependent and independent SLEs on later NSSI and whether self-esteem buffers this risk. METHODS We conducted a two-wave study with 18-month intervals. 601 Chinese adolescents completed self-report measures of child maltreatment, SLEs, self-esteem, and NSSI. RESULTS Results supported the stress sensitization hypothesis for child maltreatment regarding dependent SLEs, with dependent SLEs significantly predicting later NSSI only in maltreated adolescents. Moreover, self-esteem buffered the relationship between dependent SLEs and NSSI in maltreated adolescents but amplified the relationship in non-maltreated adolescents. In the maltreated group, dependent SLEs predicted increased NSSI only in those with low self-esteem. In contrast, in the control group, dependent SLEs were significantly associated with NSSI in individuals with high self-esteem. LIMITATIONS We did not collect information on the timing of exposure to child maltreatment. Future studies that assess child maltreatment during critical periods of development may be able to identify sensitive period in which maltreatment sensitizes individuals to stress in adolescents. CONCLUSION Findings provide preliminary evidence that child maltreatment has a stress-sensitizing effect on adolescent NSSI. Improving self-esteem may mitigate the associations between SLEs and NSSI in adolescents exposed to child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxi Liang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Bai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Xing
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Gao H, Liu Q, Wang Z. Different adverse childhood experiences and adolescents' altruism: The mediating role of life history strategy. J Adolesc 2024; 96:5-17. [PMID: 37718625 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between childhood trauma, childhood socioeconomic (SES), and adolescents' altruism were mediated by their life history strategies and different adverse childhood experiences may function diversely on altruism, with two waves of data collected 6 months apart in a longitudinal design among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 658 adolescents (Mage = 13.51, SD = 0.73 at T1) were recruited and completed the online survey; their life history strategies were measured by the Mini-K, the Delayed of Gratification Questionnaire (DOG), and the Chinese version of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Questionnaire (ARQ-RB) together, and their altruism was collected again after six months. RESULTS After controlling for gender and their altruism at T1, the results showed that childhood trauma (i.e., emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment), as well as low SES and fast life history strategy, were significantly negatively correlated with adolescents' altruism at T2. Importantly, life history strategy at T1 mediated the relationship between T1 emotional maltreatment, T1 low SES, and adolescents' altruism at T2. However, the effect of physical maltreatment on altruism was not mediated by life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that emotional maltreatment and low SES can affect adolescents' altruism by influencing the formation of adolescents' life history strategies. The findings revealed the different influences of adverse childhood experiences on adolescents' altruism, which supplied new empirical evidence for the life history theory and provided certain reference values for cultivating adolescents' altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Gao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Martin S, Strodl E. The relationship between childhood trauma, eating behaviours, and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs. Appetite 2023; 188:106975. [PMID: 37454578 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating poses a significant risk to psychological and physical health. The experience of childhood trauma has been linked to the development of disordered eating behaviours, but the causal psychological mechanisms remain unclear. The metacognitive model holds promise as a potential framework for understanding the mediating psychological processes that explain how childhood trauma may lead to disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of metacognitive beliefs mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and disordered eating behaviours. Adults from the Australian community (N = 461) completed an online self-report survey measuring childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form), disordered eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 21), and metacognitive beliefs (Metacognitive Questionnaire 30). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed no independent associations between any forms of childhood maltreatment and cognitive restraint, while childhood emotional abuse was uniquely associated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. Through bootstrapping tests, the mediating effect between childhood trauma and uncontrolled and emotional eating consistently involved the metacognitive beliefs that thoughts are uncontrollable and dangerous. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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6
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Wente VM, Retz-Junginger P, Crombach A, Retz W, Barra S. The Suitability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Criminal Offender Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5195. [PMID: 36982104 PMCID: PMC10048956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common in community samples and are associated with various dysfunctional physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences. In this regard, criminal offenders are at specific risk, considering their elevated ACE rates compared with community samples and the associations of ACEs with criminal behaviors. However, assessing ACEs in offender samples by self-reports has been criticized with regard to their validity and reliability. We examined the suitability of ACE-self-reports using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a sample of 231 male offenders involved in the German criminal justice system by comparing self-reported to externally rated ACEs to externally rated ACEs based on the information from the offenders' criminal and health-related files and on interviews conducted by forensically trained psychological/psychiatric experts. The accordance between self-ratings and expert ratings was examined considering mean differences, correlations, inter-rater agreement measures, and regression analyses. Offenders themselves reported a higher ACE burden than the one that was rated externally, but there was a strong relationship between CTQ self-assessments and external assessments. However, associations were stronger in offenders seen for risk assessment than in those evaluated for criminal responsibility. Overall, the CTQ seems suitable for use in forensic samples. However, reporting bias in self-reports of ACEs should be expected. Therefore, the combination of self-assessments and external assessments seems appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Maria Wente
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Petra Retz-Junginger
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Anselm Crombach
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany (W.R.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Barra
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany (W.R.)
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Airey ND, Taylor CDJ, Vikram A, Berry K. Trauma measures for use with psychosis populations: A systematic review of psychometric properties using COSMIN. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115163. [PMID: 36948019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic events play a key role in the development and course of psychosis. Psychotic symptoms themselves and coercive treatment practices can be inherently traumatic. Hence, reliable and valid methods of assessing trauma and its impact (i.e., Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomology) are essential for use with people with psychosis. Many measures are available to select from, but this is the first review to appraise the psychometric properties of trauma measures to guide decision making regarding instrument use. The review was prospectively registered on Prospero (CRD42022306100). Evaluation of methodological and psychometric quality followed Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidance. Twenty-four articles were eligible, with sixteen trauma measures evaluated. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Short Form demonstrated the most robust evidence for assessing experience of trauma. The Trauma and Life Experience (TALE) checklist was the only measure to include specific psychosis and iatrogenic harm items. For PTSD measures, the Symptoms of Trauma Scale and PTSD Symptom Scale- Self Report had the highest quality evidence. Psychometric strengths and weaknesses of various trauma measures are comprehensively evaluated, highlighting future research directions to strengthen the evidence base with emphasis on further evaluation of the TALE, which integrates trauma specific to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola D Airey
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester M25 3BL, UK.
| | - Christopher D J Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Community Mental Health Team, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Humphrey House, Angouleme Way, Bury BL9 0EQ, UK
| | - Anvita Vikram
- Community Mental Health Team, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Humphrey House, Angouleme Way, Bury BL9 0EQ, UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 2(nd) Floor Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester M25 3BL, UK
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Kim D, Kim D, Kim EK. Dissociation mediates association between childhood trauma and distress from trauma research participation: analysis of pooled clinical data. PSYCHOSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2023.2176536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Premedicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Dryden‐Mead T, Nelson B, Bendall S. "They may be confronting but they are good questions to be asking" young people's experiences of completing a trauma and PTSD screening tool in an early psychosis program. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:1090-1107. [PMID: 35942544 PMCID: PMC9804455 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a history of inadequate enquiry about, and assessment of, trauma in young people within Early Psychosis services and even when screening does occur there is little known about how young people experience this process. AIMS This study aimed to explore young people's experiences of completing a trauma and PTSD screening tool when receiving a service in an Early Psychosis Program. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 young people, aged 18-24 years, to explore their subjective experience of this process. Transcripts were analysed via interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Four super-ordinate themes were identified: (i) an emotional experience, (ii) the importance of the relationship with the clinician, (iii) an opportunity to reflect on past experiences, and (iv) the ability to be able to provide honest responses. Results from this study indicated that young people expected to be asked about their trauma experiences, acknowledged that this was challenging for them but found that this was made easier due to the relationship they had built with the clinician, the timing of the screening and also, possibly, by the written style format of the questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Young people in this study accepted the need for screening for traumatic histories, and expected to be asked about their traumatic experiences, despite the possibility of a short-term increase in distress. The support offered by a trusted clinician, whom the young person had built a relationship with, appeared to be an important component to the willingness and the ability of the young person to complete the questionnaires. This reinforces the fact that screening for trauma in an early psychosis service can be conducted in a way that is safe and acceptable to young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Dryden‐Mead
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
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10
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Hagborg JM, Kalin T, Gerdner A. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) used with adolescents - methodological report from clinical and community samples. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1199-1213. [PMID: 36439669 PMCID: PMC9684390 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used retrospective screening tool for childhood maltreatment in adults. Its properties are less known in adolescents. The objective was to investigate acceptability and psychometric properties when used in adolescents. METHOD A community sample of adolescents (n=1885) in four waves (from 13 or 14 to 17 years old) and a clinical sample (n=74, mean age 18), both from Sweden, were used to assess acceptability and different aspects of validity and reliability. RESULTS The CTQ-SF was found to be well-accepted. As expected, the community sample scored lower than the clinical sample on all maltreatment-scales and showed stability over-time. In the community sample, internal consistencies were substantial or excellent for all scales except Physical neglect, and in the clinical sample this was found for all scales. One-year test-retest consistencies of subscales were substantial or almost perfect, and for all scales, they increased from early to mid-adolescence. Directed inconsistencies on item level decreased from early to mid-adolescence. Convergent validity was shown in relation to scales on family climate, parental relations, and emotional health also from early adolescence. Discriminant analyses showed more moderate discriminatory ability although almost seven times better than by-chance. CONCLUSIONS The CTQ is well accepted and can be trusted to provide consistent and valid self-reports from the age of 14 on childhood maltreatment. Some caution is advised when used with younger adolescents, since the test-retest stability is then weaker, and the interpretation of the M/D scale is more ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torbjörn Kalin
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Social Work, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Arne Gerdner
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Social Work, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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11
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Cay M, Chouinard VA, Hall MH, Shinn AK. Test-retest reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:78-83. [PMID: 36244201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is common and associated with worse psychiatric outcomes. Yet, clinicians may not inquire about childhood trauma due to a misconception that patients cannot provide reliable reports. The goal of this study was to examine the reliability of self-reports of childhood trauma in psychotic disorders. METHODS We examined the test-retest reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in schizophrenia (SZ, n = 19), psychotic bipolar disorder (BD, n = 17), and healthy control (HC, n = 28) participants who completed the CTQ on ≥2 occasions over variable time periods (mean 19.6 months). We calculated the intraclass correlation (ICC) for the total CTQ score, each of the five CTQ domains, and the minimization/denial subscale for the three groups. For any CTQ domains showing low test-retest reliability (ICC < 0.61), we also explored whether positive, negative, depressive, and manic symptom severity were associated with CTQ variability. RESULTS We found high ICC values for the total CTQ score in all three groups (SZ 0.82, BD 0.85, HC 0.88). The ICC values for CTQ subdomains were also high with the exceptions of scores for sexual abuse in BD (0.40), emotional neglect in SZ (0.60), and physical neglect in BD (0.51) and HC (0.43). In exploratory analyses, self-reports of sexual abuse in BD were associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms (β = 0.108, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Patients with SZ and BD can provide reliable self-reports of childhood trauma, especially related to physical and emotional abuse. The presence of psychosis should not deter clinicians from asking patients about childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariesa Cay
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Virginie-Anne Chouinard
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Grindey A, Bradshaw T. Do different adverse childhood experiences lead to specific symptoms of psychosis in adulthood? A systematic review of the current literature. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:868-887. [PMID: 35306711 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated significant associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risks of psychosis. Further research has examined underlying mechanisms to understand the relationship between these variables. This review aimed to explore the associations between various ACEs and the development of different psychotic symptoms in adulthood. The Cochrane Library, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from January 1980 to November 2021 to ensure a systematic review of relevant literature. Poverty, fostering, adoption, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and childhood physical (CPA), sexual (CSA), and emotional abuse (CEA) significantly correlated with delusions. Significant relationships were found between hallucinations and CSA and CPA. Paranoia correlated with violent adversities including CPA, assault, and witnessing killing. Limited associations were identified for thought disorder and negative symptoms. The findings of this review indicate that there may be a degree of specificity between various ACEs and psychotic symptoms, but these findings are subject to some limitations. The findings also demonstrate the importance of inquiring about and addressing ACE in clinical practice to develop formulations and treatment plans for individuals with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Grindey
- Home Based Treatment Team, Salford, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim Bradshaw
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Luo Q, Yu H, Chen J, Lin X, Wu Z, Yao J, Li Y, Wu H, Peng H. Altered Variability and Concordance of Dynamic Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Indices in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Childhood Trauma. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:852799. [PMID: 35615286 PMCID: PMC9124829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.852799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a non-specific risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies have demonstrated changes in regional brain activity in patients with MDD who experienced childhood trauma. However, previous studies have mainly focused on static characteristics of regional brain activity. This study aimed to determine the specific brain regions associated with MDD with childhood trauma by performing temporal dynamic analysis of R-fMRI data in three groups of patients: patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD (n = 48), patients without childhood trauma-associated MDD (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 103). Dynamics and concordance of R-fMRI indices were calculated and analyzed. In patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD, a lower dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was found in the left lingual gyrus, whereas a lower dynamic degree of centrality was observed in the right lingual gyrus and right calcarine cortex. Patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD showed a lower voxel-wise concordance in the left middle temporal and bilateral calcarine cortices. Moreover, group differences (depressed or not) significantly moderated the relationship between voxel-wise concordance in the right calcarine cortex and childhood trauma history. Overall, patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD demonstrated aberrant variability and concordance in intrinsic brain activity. These aberrances may be an underlying neurobiological mechanism that explains MDD from the perspective of temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Luo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juran Chen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazheng Yao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wang X, Ding F, Cheng C, He J, Wang X, Yao S. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short Form) Across Genders, Time Points and Presence of Major Depressive Disorder Among Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816051. [PMID: 35478747 PMCID: PMC9036057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used self-report tool designed to assess juveniles' experiences of abuse and neglect. The current study examined the psychometric properties, particularly measurement invariance of the CTQ-SF in Chinese non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Participants included 1,507 high school students (non-clinical sample) from Hunan Province and 281 adolescent patients with major depressive disorder (MDD sample) from The Second Xiangya Hospital. We examined the reliability and validity of CTQ-SF, confirm the five-factor model of the CTQ-SF. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance across genders, presence of depression, and over time. Results The CTQ-SF had good internal consistency in a non-clinical sample (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and MDD sample (Cronbach's α = 0.86). Good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72) and Adequate validity were also observed. Good fit of the five-factor CTQ-SF model was confirmed in both samples. Multiple-group CFA confirmed that the CTQ-SF had the scalar invariance across genders and the presence of MDD, as well as over time. Conclusion The CTQ-SF is an effective and reliable tool for assessing child maltreatment in Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The results suggest that the horizontal and longitudinal invariance of CTQ-SF are strongly established, which means CTQ-SF can be meaningfully used to compare outcomes among Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The experience of child maltreatment, especially neglect (emotional and physical), was found to be common in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Fengjiao Ding
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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15
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Lee S, Park JT, Bang M, An SK, Namkoong K, Park HY, Lee E. Theory of mind and hair cortisol in healthy young adults: the moderating effects of childhood trauma. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2116826. [PMID: 36186166 PMCID: PMC9518292 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Experiences of negative social interactions and childhood trauma (CT) can lead to aberrant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functions. Poor theory of mind (ToM) ability is related to increased social stress levels; however, studies on the relationship between ToM and cortisol remain scarce. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ToM and the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in healthy young adults considering the moderating role of CT. Method: A total of 206 healthy young adults were divided into two groups based on an experience of moderate-to-severe childhood trauma (CT+ and CT-). To determine whether CT moderated the relationship between ToM and HCC, moderation analysis was conducted controlling for age, sex, years of education, and scores of perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Results: CT+ individuals reported higher subjective stress perception and depressive symptoms than CT- individuals, whereas anxiety-related symptoms, ToM, and HCC were not different between the groups. The experience of CT significantly moderated the relationship between ToM and HCC. The association between poorer ToM ability and higher HCC was significant only in CT+ group. Conclusion: CT is a moderator of the association between ToM and HCC, indicating the importance of CT in social cognition and the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suonaa Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kyoon An
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Namkoong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Rameckers SA, van Emmerik AAP, Bachrach N, Lee CW, Morina N, Arntz A. The impact of childhood maltreatment on the severity of childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder in adults. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105208. [PMID: 34332332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is relatively common and is related to a range of negative consequences, such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There are indications that various maltreatment types are related to PTSD severity, although not all types, such as emotional abuse, meet the PTSD Criterion-A. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between 5 types of childhood maltreatment (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, and physical and emotional neglect) and the severity of adult PTSD and PTSD symptoms. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Adult participants (N = 147) with Childhood-related PTSD (Ch-PTSD) recruited from clinical sites completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form (CTQ-sf) and 2 PTSD measures: The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). METHODS Childhood maltreatment predictors and 2 covariates, age and gender, were analysed in multivariate multilevel models as participants were nested within sites. A model selection procedure, in which all combinations of predictors were examined, was used to select a final set of predictors. RESULTS The results indicated that emotional abuse was the only trauma type that was significantly related to severity of PTSD and to the severity of specific PTSD symptom clusters (r between 0.130 and 0.338). The final models explained between 6.5% and 16.7% of the variance in PTSD severity. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that emotional abuse plays a more important role in Ch-PTSD than hitherto assumed, and that treatment should not neglect processing of childhood emotional abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Rameckers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Nathan Bachrach
- GGZ Oost Brabant, RINO Zuid and Tilburg University, Helmond, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher W Lee
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nexhmedin Morina
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arnoud Arntz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Molebatsi K, Ng LC, Chiliza B. A culturally adapted brief intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness in Botswana: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:170. [PMID: 34479640 PMCID: PMC8414703 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research consistently reports elevated rates of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). PTSD may be adequately managed with psychotherapy; however, there is a gap when it comes to management in culturally diverse settings like Botswana. This paper describes a study protocol whose aim is to culturally adapt the BREATHE intervention, a brief psychological intervention for people living with comorbid PTSD and SMI that was developed and tested in the USA; assess the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted BREATHE intervention and explore its efficacy. METHODS The study will be conducted in three phases using a mixed methods approach. The first phase will identify and describe the most common traumatic experiences and responses to traumatic experiences, amongst patients with SMI, and patients' and mental health care providers' perceptions about suitable PTSD interventions for Botswana. The second phase will entail cultural adaption of the intervention using findings from phase 1, and the third phase will be a pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the culturally adapted intervention and explore its efficacy. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using basic descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. DISCUSSION Literature highlights cultural variations in the expression and management of mental illness suggesting the need for culturally adapted interventions. The findings of this feasibility study will be used to inform the design of a larger trial to assess the efficacy of an adapted brief intervention for PTSD in patients with SMI in Botswana. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04426448 . Date of registration: June 7, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneilwe Molebatsi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Private Bag, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Lauren C Ng
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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18
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Xiang Z, Liu Z, Cao H, Wu Z, Long Y. Evaluation on Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of the Short-Form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in Patients with Schizophrenia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1033-1040. [PMID: 34285605 PMCID: PMC8286147 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s316398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported an association between childhood trauma exposure and schizophrenia. Among these studies, the Short-form Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is one of the most widely used measures of childhood trauma. However, little is known regarding the long-term reliability of the CTQ-SF, especially in patients with psychopathology. Methods The CTQ-SF was administered to 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia from a hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. These patients were asked to re-complete the CTQ-SF when they were re-hospitalized or received outpatient treatments in the same hospital within 4 years of follow-up. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test–retest reliability of the CTQ-SF over the intervals. Associations of the CTQ-SF with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were tested using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results Among the participants, 35 (70.0%) patients re-completed the CTQ-SF after an interval averaging 11.26 months. Excellent test–retest reliabilities (with ICC > 0.75) were found for the total CTQ-SF score (ICC = 0.772) as well as scores of the emotional abuse (ICC = 0.808), physical abuse (ICC = 0.756), sexual abuse (ICC = 0.877) and physical neglect (ICC = 0.751) subscales. Meanwhile, a moderate test–retest reliability was found for the emotional neglect subscale (ICC = 0.538). At both baseline and follow-up, no significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between CTQ-SF scores and any other clinical assessments. Conclusion Our results suggest that CTQ-SF is reliable to assess childhood trauma exposures in schizophrenia over relatively long intervals, regardless of patients’ current symptoms and states of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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19
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Musetti A, Starcevic V, Boursier V, Corsano P, Billieux J, Schimmenti A. Childhood emotional abuse and problematic social networking sites use in a sample of Italian adolescents: The mediating role of deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1666-1684. [PMID: 33837547 PMCID: PMC8252635 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is associated with various negative mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between CEA and problematic social networking site (SNS) use in a sample of Italian adolescents. DESIGN Using structural equation modeling, the study examined whether the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use was sequentially mediated by self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning in 1308 Italian adolescents (628 males, age range 13-19 years). RESULTS A history of CEA was positively associated with problematic SNS use. Furthermore, deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning partially mediated the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides additional insight into the psychological dynamics underpinning problematic SNS use among adolescents. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Discipline of PsychiatryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Paola Corsano
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Lausanne, GeopolisLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive GamblingLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social SciencesUKE—Kore University of Enna, Cittadella UniversitariaEnnaItaly
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20
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López-Mongay D, Ahuir M, Crosas JM, Navarro JB, Monreal JA, Obiols JE, Palao D. The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse on Social Functioning in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3480-NP3494. [PMID: 29884109 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518779074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore social functioning in schizophrenic patients who have suffered child sexual abuse (CSA) in comparison with those who have not suffered from it in a Spanish sample of 50 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The Quality of Life (QOL) Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), and the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were administered in this study. We found a CSA prevalence of 22% in our sample. Results showed that QOL global scores reduced by 9.34% at a statistically significant level (p = .037) in sexually abused patients in comparison with those who did not report experiencing sexual abuse. Regression analysis in the QOL scales showed no differences in intrapsychic foundation scores or in the social relations scale. Scores in the instrumental role scale were reduced by 4.42 points in patients with CSA (p = .009). Neither neuroticism nor extraversion results differ between the trauma group and those who did not suffer trauma. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López-Mongay
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Psicologia, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maribel Ahuir
- Universtiat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei de Salut Mental, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Josep Mª Crosas
- Servei de Salut Mental, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - J Blas Navarro
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Psicologia, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Jordi E Obiols
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Psicologia, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Universtiat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Bellaterra, Spain
- Servei de Salut Mental, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
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21
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Huang C, Yuan Q, Zhang L, Wang L, Cui S, Zhang K, Zhou X. Associations Between Childhood Trauma and the Age of First-Time Drug Use in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:658205. [PMID: 33868060 PMCID: PMC8044866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma is related to substance use disorder; however, few studies have examined the relationship between childhood trauma and the age at which the drug was first used. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and the age of first-time drug use among methamphetamine-dependent patients. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of adverse family environment associated with severe childhood trauma and the risk factors for starting drugs in minors. A baseline interview was conducted with 110 participants who were in detoxification, including demographic information, past substance use, and age of first-time drug use. The participants' childhood trauma experience before 18 years of age was evaluated using the simplified version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). The Chinese version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) was used to assess the family environment of methamphetamine-dependent patients. Among 110 non-injecting methamphetamine-dependent patients, nearly half (n = 48, 43.6%) had moderate and severe childhood trauma. Correlation analysis showed that the age of first-time drug use negatively correlated with emotional abuse (r = -0.32, p < 0.01) and physical abuse (r = -0.27, p < 0.01). The age of first-time drug use negatively correlated with conflict (r = -0.20, p < 0.05) and independence (r = -0.22, p < 0.05) of family environment, but positively correlated with intellectual-cultural orientation (r = 0.28, p < 0.01). Additionally, childhood trauma factors significantly correlated with many indexes of family environment, especially cohesion (r = -0.45, p < 0.01), conflict (r = 0.49, p < 0.01), and independence (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Additionally, the regression model showed that when emotional abuse increased by one point, the age of first-time drug use was 0.69 years earlier. These findings suggest that a detrimental family environment can aggravate childhood trauma, and the experience of childhood emotional or physical abuse may be an effective predictor of early drug use among methamphetamine-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Huang
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyu Yuan
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Cui
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Rink J, Lipinska G. Evidence of distinct profiles of ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in a South African sample. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1818965. [PMID: 33282146 PMCID: PMC7685205 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1818965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) have been included in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Although the validity of CPTSD has been controversial, a growing number of studies support the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD. However, the majority of this research has originated in high-income countries (HICs), whereas the prevalence of trauma experience associated with PTSD/CPTSD diagnosis is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study assessed whether a sample from an LMIC setting produced distinct classes that reflect ICD-11 criteria for PTSD and CPTSD. Furthermore, this study investigated whether childhood trauma distinguished between PTSD and CPTSD. Method: International Trauma Questionnaire responses from a sample of South African university undergraduates were used as indicator variables in a latent class analysis (LCA). Chi-squared tests of independence and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to assess between-class differences. Results: The LCA identified four distinct classes: a PTSD class with elevated symptoms of PTSD, but low endorsement of disturbances in self-organization (DSO; symptoms that are specific to CPTSD); a CPTSD class with elevated symptoms of PTSD and DSO; a DSO class with low symptoms of PTSD, but elevated symptoms of DSO; and a Low class with low endorsements on all symptoms. Regarding childhood trauma, participants in the CPTSD class had more severe childhood abuse and neglect, specifically emotional abuse and neglect, than participants in the PTSD class. Conclusions: Findings were consistent with the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD symptom profiles in the ICD-11. Our findings support a similar qualitative distinction between PTSD and CPTSD in our LMIC context, as previously reported in HICs. This distinction is especially relevant in LMICs because of the significant number of individuals vulnerable to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rink
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gosia Lipinska
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Childhood trauma and disordered eating: Exploring the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions. Appetite 2020; 154:104802. [PMID: 32717292 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although often perceived as non-threatening, disordered eating poses a significant risk to physical and psychological wellbeing. Given the modest effectiveness of current interventions, there is a need to identify specific psychological targets for treatment. One risk factor that has long been liked to eating issues is childhood trauma. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between five distinct forms of trauma and three disordered eating behaviours (Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating). In addition, it aimed to determine the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions in this association. Three hundred and thirty-two participants from the Australian community completed an online questionnaire measuring alexithymia, beliefs about emotions, disordered eating, and childhood trauma. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine total effects between independent forms of childhood trauma and eating behaviours, followed by bootstrapped confidence intervals to delineate indirect effects. A significant direct association was evidenced between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cognitive Restraint, in addition to Childhood Sexual Abuse and Emotional Eating. Numerous indirect effects were detected involving the beliefs that emotions are 'Overwhelming and Uncontrollable' and 'Damaging'. Findings indicated that experiences of childhood trauma were associated with disordered eating behaviours through the detection of significant total and/or indirect effects. However, effect sizes of indirect effects (involving beliefs about emotions) were small, suggesting that there are additional factors involved. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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24
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Cho Y, Kim D, Kim SH. Prevalence and clinical correlates of childhood trauma among inpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: a matched comparison with schizophrenia. PSYCHOSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2020.1801818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Trauma and Stress Program, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Aloba O, Opakunle T, Ogunrinu O. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF): Dimensionality, validity, reliability and gender invariance among Nigerian adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104357. [PMID: 31986317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse and neglect have been associated with long term psychological consequences. There is no valid, reliable and gender invariant scale available for the evaluation of childhood abuse and neglect among Nigerian adolescents. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in terms of its factor structure, validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance among Nigerian adolescents. METHOD Senior high school adolescents (n = 1337, aged 13-18 years) completed the CTQ-SF in addition to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the original (Bernstein et al., 2003) and alternative (Gerdner & Allgulander, 2009) CTQ-SF models. The fit indices of these two models tested applying CFA were compared. Concurrent validity of the CTQ-SF was examined with correlational analyses with other study measures. The internal consistencies of the CTQ-SF and its subscales were examined with the MacDonald's omega (ωh) coefficients. Gender measurement invariance was evaluated with multiple-group CFA (MGCFA). RESULTS The alternative CTQ-SF model compared to the original model exhibited a better fit (CFI = 0.928, RMSEA = 0.046 [90 %CI: 0.043-0.050], SRMR = 0.044). The internal consistency and concurrent validity of this model were satisfactory. MGCFA provided evidence that supported the configural, metric and scalar gender measurement invariance. CONCLUSION The alternative CTQ-SF exhibited satisfactory validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance and, therefore, could be used for the evaluation and gender comparison of abuse and neglect among Nigerian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Aloba
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Tolulope Opakunle
- Department of Mental Health, State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Ogunrinu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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The relationship between childhood trauma, dopamine release and dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms: a [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO PET study. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:287. [PMID: 31712556 PMCID: PMC6848217 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Amphetamine increases synaptic striatal dopamine levels and can induce positive psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. Socio-developmental hypotheses of psychosis propose that childhood trauma and other environmental risk factors sensitize the dopamine system to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms, but this remains to be tested in humans. We used [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography to measure striatal dopamine-2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and ventral striatal dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release in healthy participants (n = 24). The relationships between dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release, dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were assessed using linear regression and mediation analyses, with childhood trauma as the independent variable, dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release as the mediator variable, and dexamphetamine-induced symptoms as the dependent variable. There was a significant interaction between childhood trauma and ventral striatal dopamine release in predicting dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms (standardized β = 1.83, p = 0.003), but a mediation analysis was not significant (standardized β = -0.18, p = 0.158). There were no significant effects of dopamine release and childhood trauma on change in negative (p = 0.280) or general PANSS symptoms (p = 0.061), and there was no relationship between ventral striatal baseline D2/3R availability and positive symptoms (p = 0.368). This indicates childhood trauma and dopamine release interact to influence the induction of positive psychotic symptoms. This is not consistent with a simple sensitization hypothesis, but suggests that childhood trauma moderates the cognitive response to dopamine release to make psychotic experiences more likely.
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Speck LG, Schöner J, Bermpohl F, Heinz A, Gallinat J, Majic T, Montag C. Endogenous oxytocin response to film scenes of attachment and loss is pronounced in schizophrenia. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:109-117. [PMID: 30481342 PMCID: PMC6318471 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxytocin (OXT) is critically involved in the regulation of attachment and interpersonal function. In this study, emotional children’s movies were used to stimulate OXT secretion in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, associations of OXT levels with measures of attachment style (Psychosis Attachment Measure), childhood adversity (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and symptom severity [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)] were considered. Methods In 35 patients with schizophrenia and 35 matched HCs, radioimmunoassay with sample extraction was used to determine OXT plasma levels before and after viewing of movie scenes portraying emotional bonding and loss and compared to a non-emotional condition. Results Statistical analysis indicated lower baseline OXT levels in female patients than in all other groups. OXT reactivity during emotional movies was significantly higher in patients when compared to HCs. OXT reactivity during the control movie related to PANSS `general psychopathology’. No significant associations appeared between baseline or induced OXT levels and other PANSS subscales, attachment style or childhood adversity in patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest differences of baseline OXT and a higher OXT reactivity toward strong emotional stimuli in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a role of OXT as a gender- and context-dependent modulator of socio-emotional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G Speck
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Schöner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomislav Majic
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Montag
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
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Nielsen T, Carr M, Picard-Deland C, Marquis LP, Saint-Onge K, Blanchette-Carrière C, Paquette T. Early childhood adversity associations with nightmare severity and sleep spindles. Sleep Med 2019; 56:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Devi F, Shahwan S, Teh WL, Sambasivam R, Zhang YJ, Lau YW, Ong SH, Fung D, Gupta B, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The prevalence of childhood trauma in psychiatric outpatients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:15. [PMID: 31428182 PMCID: PMC6694480 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this present study was to compare the prevalence and type of trauma experienced by community sample with the outpatient sample with mental disorders. METHODS A total of 354 outpatients, aged 14-35 years old, with mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorder were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. A total of 100 healthy controls were recruited from the Singapore general population by snowballing. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) designed to measure childhood trauma and the severity (e.g., physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect) was administered to participants. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from interviews with the participants and from outpatients' medical records, respectively. Independent sample t tests and Chi-square tests were used to investigate the differences between the outpatient and community samples. RESULTS Overall the CTQ-SF total and domain scores indicated that outpatient sample experienced higher rate of traumatic life events in childhood than community sample. Two most reported trauma types were emotional abuse (n = 81, 59.1%) and physical neglect (n = 74, 54%) reported by the mood disorder group. In the community sample, emotional neglect (n = 46, 46%) and physical neglect (n = 18, 18%) were the most commonly reported trauma type. Overall outpatient sample (n = 80, 22.6%) and community sample (n = 28, 28%) reported at least one type of trauma. CONCLUSION The findings indicate higher rates of CTQ-SF total and domain scores in outpatient sample demonstrating a higher rate of traumatic life events in childhood compared to community sample. Further research in childhood trauma is needed to improve the knowledge in psychiatric clinic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Devi
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Yun Jue Zhang
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Ying Wen Lau
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Say How Ong
- 3Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Fung
- 3Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- 2Department of Mood & Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- 1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
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Jiang WJ, Zhong BL, Liu LZ, Zhou YJ, Hu XH, Li Y. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form for inpatients with schizophrenia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208779. [PMID: 30543649 PMCID: PMC6292582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of childhood trauma is essential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is a widely used measure of the experience of childhood trauma in the general population. Nevertheless, data regarding the psychometric property of CTQ-SF for assessing childhood trauma of patients with schizophrenia are very limited. Methods Two hundred Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia completed the Chinese CTQ-SF, the Child Psychological Maltreatment Scale (CPMS), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II). To assess test-retest reliability of the CTQ-SF, all patients completed the CTQ-SF again two weeks later. Concurrent and convergent validity was assessed by analyzing Pearson bivariate correlation coefficients between CTQ-SF and CPMS, IES-R, and DES-II. Results The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the Chinese CTQ-SF was 0.81, and the two-week re-test reliability was 0.81 (P<0.01). The criterion-related validity coefficients of CTQ-SF with the CMPS, IES-R and DES-II were 0.61, 0.41, and 0.51, respectively. Conclusion The Chinese CTQ-SF has satisfactory psychometric properties to measure childhood abuse or neglect in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Zhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Rafiq S, Campodonico C, Varese F. The relationship between childhood adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a meta-analytic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:509-525. [PMID: 30338524 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have observed that dissociative experiences are frequently reported by individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), especially amongst patients that report a history of adverse/traumatic life experiences. This review examined the magnitude and consistency of the relationship between childhood adversity (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, bullying, natural disasters and mass violence) and dissociation across three SMI diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorders. METHOD A database search (EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO) identified 30 eligible empirical studies, comprising of 2199 clinical participants. Effect sizes representing the relationship between exposure to childhood adversity and dissociation were examined and integrated using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that exposure to childhood trauma was associated with heightened dissociation across SMIs. Positive significant associations were also found between specific childhood adversities and dissociation, with aggregated effect sizes in the small-to-moderate range. CONCLUSION These findings support calls for the routine assessment of traumatic experiences in clients with SMIs presenting with dissociative symptoms and the provision of adequate therapeutic support (e.g. trauma-focused therapies) to manage and resolve these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rafiq
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Campodonico
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F Varese
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Complex Trauma and Resilience Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Bi XJ, Lv XM, Ai XY, Sun MM, Cui KY, Yang LM, Wang LN, Yin AH, Liu LF. Childhood trauma interacted with BDNF Val66Met influence schizophrenic symptoms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0160. [PMID: 29595641 PMCID: PMC5895403 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene - environment (G × E) interaction effect is involved in severe mental disorders. However, whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism participates in the childhood-abuse influenced schizophrenic symptoms remains unclear. We examined the interaction between BDNF Val66Met, and childhood trauma (ChT) on psychotic symptoms in a Chinese Han population.To estimate the G × E interaction, psychiatric interviews, self-report questionnaires for ChT, and genotyping for BDNF Val66Met were carried out on 201 schizophrenic patients. G × E interactions were analyzed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR).Among all patients, 11.9%, 19.4%, 23.4%, 26.4%, and 73.6% reported emotional abuses, physical abuses (PA), sexual abuses (SA), emotional neglects (EN), and physical neglects (PN), respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between anxiety/depression factors, and ChT total scores. Patients with 3 different BDNF genotypes showed significant differences in anxiety/depression scores. Significant 2-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN, 3-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN × PA, and four-way interactions were found for Val66Met × PN × PA × EN with regard to the excitement scores.Our findings suggested an involvement of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism after ChT in terms of risk for schizophrenia symptoms.
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Xie P, Wu K, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Yang Y, He J, Ding Y, Peng H. Prevalence of childhood trauma and correlations between childhood trauma, suicidal ideation, and social support in patients with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in southern China. J Affect Disord 2018; 228:41-48. [PMID: 29223913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma has long-term adverse effects on physical and psychological health. Previous studies demonstrated that suicide and mental disorders were related to childhood trauma. In China, there is insufficient research available on childhood trauma in patients with mental disorders. METHODS Outpatients were recruited from a psychiatric hospital in southern China, and controls were recruited from local communities. The demographic questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were completed by all participants, and the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS) were completed only by patients. Prevalence rates of childhood trauma were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunnett test were used to compare CTQ-SF and SSRS scores between groups. Logistic regression was used to control demographic characteristics and examine relationships between diagnosis and CTQ-SF and SSRS scores. Spearman's rank correlation test was conducted to analyze relationships between suicidal ideation and childhood trauma and suicidal ideation and social support. RESULTS The final sample comprised 229 patients with depression, 102 patients with bipolar, 216 patient with schizophrenia, and 132 healthy controls. In our sample, 55.5% of the patients with depression, 61.8% of the patients with bipolar disorder, 47.2% of the patients with schizophrenia, and 20.5% of the healthy people reported at least one type of trauma. In patient groups, physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN) were most reported, and sexual abuse (SA) and physical abuse (PA) were least reported. CTQ-SF and SSRS total scores, and most of their subscale scores in patient groups were significantly different from the control group. After controlling demographic characteristics, mental disorders were associated with higher CTQ-SF scores and lower SSRS scores. CTQ-SF scores and number of trauma types were positively correlated with the SIOSS score. Negative correlations existed between SSRS scores and the SIOSS score. LIMITATIONS Our sample may not be sufficiently representative. Some results might have been interfered by demographic characteristics. The SIOSS was not completed by controls. Data from self-report scales were not sufficiently objective. CONCLUSIONS In southern China, childhood trauma is more severe and more prevalent in patients with mental disorders (depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) than healthy people. Among patients with mental disorders in southern China, suicidal ideation is associated with childhood trauma and poor social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yangbo Guo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Jianfei He
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Hongjun Peng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510370, China.
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Østefjells T, Lystad JU, Berg AO, Hagen R, Loewy R, Sandvik L, Melle I, Røssberg JI. Metacognitive beliefs mediate the effect of emotional abuse on depressive and psychotic symptoms in severe mental disorders. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2323-2333. [PMID: 28397634 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early trauma is linked to higher symptom levels in bipolar and psychotic disorders, but the translating mechanisms are not well understood. This study examines whether the relationship between early emotional abuse and depressive symptoms is mediated by metacognitive beliefs about thoughts being uncontrollable/dangerous, and whether this pathway extends to influence positive symptoms. METHOD Patients (N = 261) with psychotic or bipolar disorders were assessed for early trauma experiences, metacognitive beliefs, and current depression/anxiety and positive symptoms. Mediation path analyses using ordinary least-squares regressions tested if the effect of early emotional abuse on depression/anxiety was mediated by metacognitive beliefs, and if the effect of early emotional abuse on positive symptoms was mediated by metacognitive beliefs and depression/anxiety. RESULTS Metacognitive beliefs about thoughts being uncontrollable/dangerous significantly mediated the relationship between early emotional abuse and depression/anxiety. Metacognitive beliefs and depression/anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between early emotional abuse and positive symptoms. The models explained a moderate amount of the variance in symptoms (R 2 = 0.21-0.29). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that early emotional abuse is relevant to depression/anxiety and positive symptoms in bipolar and psychotic disorders, and suggest that metacognitive beliefs could play a role in an affective pathway to psychosis. Metacognitive beliefs could be relevant treatment targets with regards to depression/anxiety and positive symptoms in bipolar and psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Østefjells
- NORMENT,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research,Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
| | - J U Lystad
- NORMENT,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research,Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
| | - A O Berg
- NORMENT,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research,Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
| | - R Hagen
- Department of Psychology,Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Trondheim,Norway
| | - R Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,CA,USA
| | - L Sandvik
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology,Research Support Services,Oslo University Hospital,Oslo,Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research,Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
| | - J I Røssberg
- NORMENT,KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research,Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
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The associations between childhood trauma, neuroticism and comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:48-53. [PMID: 28448804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various studies reported remarkably high prevalence rates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in patients with a psychotic disorder. Little is known about the pathogenesis of this co-occurrence. The current study aimed to investigate the contribution of shared underlying risk factors, such as childhood trauma and neuroticism, to the onset and course of OCS in patients with psychosis. Data were retrieved from 161 patients with psychosis included in the 'Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis' project. Patients completed measures of OCS and psychotic symptoms at study entrance and three years later. Additionally, childhood maltreatment and neuroticism were assessed. Between-group comparisons revealed increased neuroticism and positive symptoms in patients who reported comorbid OCS compared to OCS-free patients. Subsequent mediation analyses suggested a small effect of childhood abuse on comorbid OCS severity at baseline, which was mediated by positive symptom severity. Additionally, results showed a mediating effect of neuroticism as well as a moderating effect of positive symptoms on the course of OCS severity over time. OCS severity in patients with psychosis might thus be associated with common vulnerability factors, such as childhood abuse and neuroticism. Furthermore, the severity of positive symptoms might be associated with more severe or persistent comorbid OCS.
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Li XB, Bo QJ, Zhang GP, Zheng W, Wang ZM, Li AN, Tian Q, Liu JT, Tang YL, Wang CY. Effect of childhood trauma on cognitive functions in a sample of Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 76:147-152. [PMID: 28528230 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of various types of childhood trauma (CT) on cognitive functions in Chinese patients presented with schizophrenia. One hundred sixty-two patients were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). We investigated the correlations between various types of CT, demographic characteristics, and cognitive functions. Significant negative correlations were observed in physical abuse (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) with the language score (r=-0.190, -0.216, respectively, p<0.05). Similarly, physical neglect (PN) and the total score of CTQ were negatively correlated with the attention score (r=-0.17, -0.206, p<0.05, respectively) as well as the total RBANS score (r=-0.199, -0.223, respectively P<0.05). PN was also negatively correlated with delayed memory (r=-0.167, p<0.05). Regressions analysis indicated significant negative correlations between PN and attention, as well as the cognitive total score (p<0.001). Furthermore, demographic variables (years of education, family income) and clinical characteristics (type of anti-psychotics, duration of illness and times of recurrence) were correlated with cognitive functions. The current study showed that different types of CT could impact specific cognitive functions in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Therefore, we recommend that trauma-focused mental interventions for schizophrenia patients should be developed and routinely offered to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qi-Jing Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - An-Ning Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jin-Tong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.
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Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Lamis DA, Farina B, Pompili M, Contardi A, Fabbricatore M. Childhood trauma in obese and overweight women with food addiction and clinical-level of binge eating. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 58:180-190. [PMID: 27442689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is considered a major risk factor for several disorders as well as for the development of eating psychopathology and adult obesity. The main aims of the present study were to assess in overweight and obese women: (i) the independent association between CT and food addiction (FA), and (ii) CT in patients with both FA and clinical-level of binge eating (BE), versus patients who only engage in FA or BE. Participants were 301 overweight and obese women seeking low-energy-diet therapy. All of the patients were administered self-report measures investigating FA, BE, CT, anxiety and depressive symptoms. CT severity was moderately and positively associated with both FA (r=0.37; p<0.001) and BE (r=0.36; p<0.001) severity. The association between FA and CT remained significant after controlling for potential confounding variables. Furthermore, compared to patients without dysfunctional eating patterns, the co-occurrence of FA and BE was associated with more severe CT as well as with more severe psychopathology (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) and higher BMI. Our results suggest that clinicians should carefully assess the presence of CT in individuals who report dysfunctional eating patterns in order to develop treatment approaches specifically for obese and overweight patients with a history of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorian A Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146058. [PMID: 26815788 PMCID: PMC4729672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale—originally designed to assess a positive response bias—are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ’s MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent structure; and finally 3) whether minimization moderates the CTQ’s discriminative validity in terms of distinguishing between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Archival, item-level CTQ data from 24 multinational samples were combined for a total of 19,652 participants. Analyses indicated: 1) minimization is common; 2) minimization functions as a continuous construct; and 3) high MD scores attenuate the ability of the CTQ to distinguish between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Overall, results suggest that a minimizing response bias—as detected by the MD subscale—has a small but significant moderating effect on the CTQ’s discriminative validity. Results also may suggest that some prior analyses of maltreatment rates or the effects of early maltreatment that have used the CTQ may have underestimated its incidence and impact. We caution researchers and clinicians about the widespread practice of using the CTQ without the MD or collecting MD data but failing to assess and control for its effects on outcomes or dependent variables.
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Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Bersani FS, Imbimbo F, Pompili M, Contardi A, Farina B. The Association among Childhood Trauma, Pathological Dissociation and Gambling Severity in Casino Gamblers. Clin Psychol Psychother 2015; 24:203-211. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Li XB, Li QY, Liu JT, Zhang L, Tang YL, Wang CY. Childhood trauma associates with clinical features of schizophrenia in a sample of Chinese inpatients. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:702-7. [PMID: 26096662 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between childhood trauma and clinical features, comorbid anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and suicidal and aggressive behaviors in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were administered to 182 Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia. The relationship between the severity and the number of traumic experiences and clinical features were analyzed. Physical neglect (PN) in childhood was reported in 71.7% of this sample, followed by emotional neglect (EN, 58.6%), sexual abuse (SA, 39.9%), emotional abuse (EA, 31.7%) and physical abuse (PA, 22.2%). Significant negative correlations existed between age of onset and the EA scores. Significant positive correlations were found between the subscores of IES-R, STAI and CTQ-SF. Patients with history of suicidal or aggressive behaviors had significantly higher trauma scores than patients without such behaviors. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with early age of onset, more PTSD and anxiety symptoms, and history of suicidal and aggressive behaviors. A dose-effect may exist between severity, number of trauma experiences, and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China
| | | | - Jin-Tong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
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Park SC, Jang EY, Lee KU, Lee K, Lee HY, Choi J. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 61:122-30. [PMID: 25987197 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aimed to assess the inter-rater and test-retest reliability, as well as concurrent and convergent validity, of the Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC scale). METHODS The factor solutions and psychometric properties of the Korean version of the TLC scale were evaluated among 167 schizophrenia inpatients (study subjects) at two sites in South Korea. Using Pearson's correlation, the concurrent and convergent validities of each of the factor solutions were represented by the correlations with the scores on the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Calgary Depression Scale. Using receiver operating characteristics curves, the optimal cut-off score for the Korean version of the TLC scale to distinguish between study subjects with and without disorganized speech, was identified. RESULTS The results showed that the Korean version of the TLC scale has a three-factor solution: fluent disorganization, speech emptiness, and speech peculiarity. In addition, the interrater reliability of the Korean version of the TLC scale was moderately good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.51) and its test-retest reliability was very good (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.94). For detecting the current presence of disorganized speech, the optimal cut-off total score on the TLC scale was proposed to be 8 points (sensitivity = 88.1%; specificity = 82.9%). LIMITATIONS Psychometric tools covering cognitive functions were not used in our study. CONCLUSIONS The Korean version of the TLC scale is a promising psychometric method for examining formal thought disorder (FTD) and disorganized speech in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yong-In Mental Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kounseok Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Andrew's Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Icheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- Institute of Mental Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea.
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The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 2015:532082. [PMID: 26345291 PMCID: PMC4539488 DOI: 10.1155/2015/532082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Recent research has drawn attention to the link between childhood maltreatment and schizophrenia. Child abuse and neglect may have an impact on symptoms and physical health in these patients. This association has not been studied to date in India. Materials and Methods. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n = 62) were assessed for childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The association of specific forms of adversity with symptomatology and associated variables was examined. Results. Emotional abuse was reported by 56.5% patients and physical abuse by 33.9%; scores for childhood neglect were also high. Persecutory delusions were linked to physical abuse, while anxiety was linked to emotional neglect and depression to emotional abuse and childhood neglect. Physical abuse was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure, while emotional abuse and neglect in women were linked to being overweight. Conclusions. Childhood adversity is common in schizophrenia and appears to be associated with a specific symptom profile. Certain components of the metabolic syndrome also appear to be related to childhood adversity. These results are subject to certain limitations as they are derived from remitted patients, and no control group was used for measures of childhood adversity.
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Oh HY, Kim D, Kim Y. Reliability and Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale Among South Korean Patients With Schizophrenia. J Trauma Dissociation 2015; 16:577-91. [PMID: 26156749 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2015.1037040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is the most widely used self-report tool for use with the general population and various clinical entities, including those with schizophrenia. This preliminary study tested the reliability of the DES, especially temporal stability and validity, in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment. The DES was administered at a university-affiliated training hospital in South Korea to a total of 68 patients (39 inpatients and 29 outpatients) whose diagnosis of schizophrenia was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders. Internal consistency, 4-week test-retest reliability, and validity were calculated. Participants also completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Four-week test-retest reliability was moderate (r = .69) and internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = .95). Total score on the DES was correlated with childhood trauma (r = .69, p < .001), posttraumatic symptoms (r = .50, p < .001), and depression (r = .52, p < .001), demonstrating the convergent validity of the scale. Our study confirms the psychometric soundness of the DES among patients with schizophrenia after the acute stage of illness (e.g., 3 weeks after admission), supporting use of the scale for screening and evaluating dissociative symptoms within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Oh
- a Department of Psychiatry , Hanyang University Medical School , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- a Department of Psychiatry , Hanyang University Medical School , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yangsuk Kim
- b Department of Psychiatry , Yaesarang Hospital , Gimpo , South Korea
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Chapman AL, Gratz KL, Turner BJ. Risk-related and protective correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury and co-occurring suicide attempts among incarcerated women. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2014; 44:139-54. [PMID: 24138178 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individual and environmental correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and co-occurring suicide attempts (SA) among incarcerated women (N = 104) were examined. Participants completed measures of putative risk and protective factors, including coping styles, childhood maltreatment, and hopelessness. Results indicated that active coping was uniquely, negatively associated with the presence and frequency of NSSI, whereas avoidant coping and childhood physical/emotional abuse were positively associated with NSSI frequency. Conversely, among women with a history of NSSI, hopelessness was uniquely, positively associated with the presence and frequency of SA. Further, childhood sexual abuse was associated with the presence of SA, while physical/emotional abuse was associated with SA frequency. Hopelessness was more strongly related to SA frequency than NSSI frequency. These findings help disentangle the unique risk and protective factors for NSSI and co-occurring SA in incarcerated samples.
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Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in Brazilian samples of different age groups: findings from confirmatory factor analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87118. [PMID: 24475237 PMCID: PMC3903618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is internationally accepted as a key tool for the assessment of childhood abuse and neglect experiences. However, there are relative few psychometric studies available and some authors have proposed two different factor solutions. We examined the dimensional structure and internal consistency of the Brazilian version of the CTQ. A total of 1,925 participants from eight different clinical and non-clinical samples including adolescents, adults and elders were considered in this study. First, we performed Confirmatory Factor Analysis to investigate the goodness of fit of the two proposed competitive factor structure models for the CTQ. We also investigated the internal consistency of all factors. Second, multi-group analyses were used to investigate measurement invariance and population heterogeneity across age groups and sex. Our findings revealed that the alternative factor structure as opposed to the original factor structure was the most appropriate model within adolescents and adults Brazilian samples. We provide further evidence for the validity and reliability of the CTQ within the Brazilian samples and report that the alternative model showed an improvement in fit indexes and may be a better alternative over the original model.
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